Modelling and Methodologies for IFIP - The International Federation for Information Processing

IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the First World Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year. An umbrella organization for societies working in information processing, IFIP's aim is two-fold: to support information processing within its member countries and to encourage technology transfer to developing nations. As its mission statement clearly states,

IFIP's mission is to be the leading, truly international, apolitical organization which encourages and assists in the development, exploitation and application of information technology for the benefit of all people.

IFIP is a non-profitmaking organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates through a number of technical committees, which organize events and publications. IFIP's events range from an international congress to local seminars, but the most important are: • the IFIP World Computer Congress, held every second year; • open conferences; • working conferences. The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the rejection rate is high. As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed. The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working group and attendance is small and by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is less rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion. Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and edited papers. Any national society whose primary activity is in information may apply to become a full member of IFIP, although full membership is restricted to one society per country. Full members are entitled to vote at the annual General Assembly, National societies preferring a less committed involvement may apply for associate or corresponding membership. Associate members enjoy the same benefits as full members, but without voting rights. Corresponding members are not represented in IFIP bodies. Affiliated membership is open to non-national societies, and individual and honorary membership schemes are also offered. Modelling and Methodologies for Enterprise Integration Proceedings of the IFIP TC5 Working Conference on Models and Methodologies for Enterprise Integration, Queensland, Australia, November 1995

Edited by Griffith University Queensland Australia and Laszlo Nemes CS/RO Victoria Australia

lg 111 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, BV First edition 1996

© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1996 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996

ISBN 978-1-4757-5862-7 ISBN 978-0-387-34983-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-34983-1

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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

~ Printed on permanent acid-free text paper, manufactured in accordance with ANSIINISO Z39.48-l992 and ANSIINISO Z39.48-1984 (Permanence of Paper). CONTENTS

Foreword vii Acknowledgements ix PART ONE Papers 1 1 Enterprise integration - engineering tools for designing enterprises P. Bemus and L. Nemes 3 2 Use of the Purdue enterprise reference architecture and methodology in industry (the Fluor Daniel example) G.A. Rathwell and T.J. Williams 12 3 Process oriented presentation of modelling methodologies K. Kosanke 45 4 Enterprise representation: an analysis of standard issues J.G. Nell 56 5 Process-oriented modelling and analysis of business processes using the R/3 reference model G. Keller and S. Detering 69 6 A framework for business renovation: toward an intellectual infrastructure for the extended enterprise Y. Shibata 88 7 Multicriteria-based decision making models for computer integrated enterprise Lj.B. Vlacic 103 8 Conceptual design of information systems based on H. Grabowski, G. Grein, P. Milde and U. Weber 113 9 Manufacturing strategy assessment for enterprise integration R. Bemelman and D.H. Jarvis 126 10 The logic of enterprise modelling M. GruningerandM.S. Fox 140 11 Repository structures for evolving federated database schemas M.A. Jeusfeld and M. Jarke 158 12 CIM business process and enterprise activity modelling F.B. Vemadat 171 v1 Contents

13 The meaning of an enterprise model P. Bemus, L. Nemes and R. Morris 183 14 A situation theoretic approach to the representation of processes C. Menzel and R.J. Mayer 201 15 methods and tools which facilitate simulation, emulation and enactment via formal models R.H. Weston and P.J. Gilders 218 16 Workflow-management-systems as enterprise engineering tools C. Buj)ler 234 17 Objects and environments in dynamic CIMOSA models l.L. Kotsiopoulos 248 18 A systematic approach to the analysis and (re)design of logistic networks P. W. van der Veer and R.H.J. Demkes 262 19 Modeling and simulation in enterprise integration - a framework and an application in the offshore oil industry L. C. Christensen, T.R. Christiansen, Y. lin, R.E. Levitt and J. Kunz 282 20 Production scheduling: a generic building block for enterprise integration G. Schmidt 305 21 Challenges and directions for EI: a distributed AI perspective M. Klein 319 22 A methodology for developing agent based systems for enterprise integration E.A. Kendall, M. T. Malkoun and C. Jiang 333 23 A change architecture for enterprises: a semiotic model M. Cross and F. O'Brien 345 24 Distributed object oriented logic programming as a tool for enterprise modelling K.L. Clark, N. Skarmeas and T.l. Wang 358 PART TWO Transcript of Discussions and Panel Session 375 Transcript of Discussions 377 Panel Session 433 Index of contributors 451 Keyword index 452 Foreword

The aim of IFIP Working Conferences is to present the state-of-the-art in a specific domain and to provide a discussion forum for future developments in that domain. The background of this conference requires some further explanation. This meeting was not a continuation of a successful series of established high profile events, but on the contrary, it gave birth to a completely new discipline: enterprise integration. Is Enterprise Integration a new discipline? We have been integrating enterprises for twenty years, at least we have used the word 'integration' on thousands of occasions, reporting industrial successes for enterprise-wide information processing. Looking closely at the solutions reported sofar, these 'integrated enterprises' solved some of the software interoperability issues and offered rationalised material flow under computer control. All these enterprises were individually specified and developed. The efforts and costs to make them work were so high that industry was disappointed with the cost/benefit results. The real nightmare came, however, when modifica• tions were necessary or additions were needed in such systems. In the mid-eighties industry realised that more systematic approaches were needed to design enterprises for their entire life-cycle. Various projects were started worldwide, dealing with architectures, design procedures and modelling tools for enterprise-wide integration. General recognition emerged that manufacturing processes, information networks and human (organisational) issues should concurrently be addressed. In 1990 an international Task Force was established by IFIC and IFAC to compare and evaluate the different architectures which were proposed by that time and the first major report1 of the Task Force was recently pub• lished. During that work it was realised that architectures alone are difficult to use in the industry and methodologies are needed to guide the user through the process of engineering the enterprise. It also became obvious

1. Architectures for Enterprise Integration, P.Bernus, L.Nemes, T.J.Williams (Eds), Chapman and Hall, London (1996). viii Foreword

that various design and modelling tools are needed at certain designs steps and these technologies have to be linked into the architectural framework. This complex technical field is now considered to be the area of enterprise integration. The need for this research led to the establishment of a profes• sional group to address the issues of enterprise integration on a regular basis. The International Federation of Information Processing therefore estab• lished a new Working Group (WG5.12) to deal with these issues and EI95 was the first conference organised by the new Working Group. The editors of this book sent out calls for participation to well known researchers, con• sultants and research managers in the industry. The program committee selected the best contributions and the conference was organised by invita• tion only. Contributions to EI95 discussed tools for enterprise modelling (requirements and design issues), enterprise modelling languages (integrat• ing enterprise models, language design and ontological modelling), gaining advantage though the use of enterprise reference architectures and enterprise engineering methodologies, the role of recently popularised approaches in enterprise integration (e.g. concurrent engineering, re-engineering, co-ordi• nation science etc.), significant opportunities and generic building blocks (reusable partial models, agent based integration, etc.). We are proud of the outcome of the first meeting. The contributions are exceptionally good. Each presentation was followed by a discussion among international experts and the conference was closed by a round table for summarising what was discussed at the conference. The transcripts of these discussion are also included in this volume. We sincerely thank all the authors for their valuable contributions and their efforts to keeping to the tight deadlines which enabled us to publish this volume quickly. We would also like to thank the members of the Inter• national Programme Committee for their efforts in refereeing the contribu• tions. We hope that the proceedings reflect the important needs in technology and they will be useful source of information for further research and industrial developments.

PBemus LNemes

21 March 1996 Acknowledgements

Below is the list of the international programme committee whose members acted as referees for EI95.

General Chair Atsui Inamoto (J) Theodore J. Williams Mathias J arke (G) (Purdue University, USA) Mark Klein (USA) Peter Kopacek (A) International Programme (G) Committee Chair George L. Kovacs (H) Peter Bemus (Griffith University, AUS) Toru Mikami (J) H.-J. Molstand (DEN) International Programme Jim Nell (USA) Committee Co-Chair James L. Nevins (USA) Laszlo Nemes (CSIRO, AUS) Michael G Rodd (UK) Gunter Schmidt (G) Members Yusaku Shibata (J) Luis Basanez (SP) John Mylopoulos (CAN) Jim Brosvic (USA) Francois B. Vemadat (F) Yuliu Chen (HK) Ljubisa Vlacic (AUS) Guy Doumeingts (F) Jakob Vlietstra (USA) Albert Chan (CAN) R.H. Weston (UK) David Chen (F) Christoph Bussler (G) Fadi Fadel (CAN) Arturo Molina Gutierrez (MEX) Joel Favrel (F) N. Rozsenich (A) Mark Fox (CAN) Tim Finin (US) Yoshiro Fukuda (J) Frank Neuscheler (G) Mike Groninger (CAN) Kunimasa Nishigaya (U.N.) Bruce Guthridge (USA) Geza Haidegger (H) Zengjin Han (PRC) X Acknowledgements

The technical discussions could not have been published in this issue without the skillful recording, transcribing and editing of the conversations by Denise Vercoe, Raymond Woo and Greg Uppington. We would also like to recognise the technical and financial help given to this conference by the Queensland Government Information Industries Board, the Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organisation, Andersen Consulting, the Queensland Branch of the Australian Computer Society and in particular to Angela Laffey, conference secretary. The Working Conference was Sponsored by IFIP TC5 (WG5.12) and co• sponsored by IFAC TC-MIA and the IFIP/IFAC Task Force 'Architectures for Enterprise Integration' .