CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Woman
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Literaturverzeichnis
Literaturverzeichnis Abel, Elizabeth, ed. (1982): Writing and Sexual Difference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Adams, Hazard (1988): "Canons: Literary Criteria/Power Criteria". Criticallnquiry 14;4, 748-764. Aiken, Susan (1986): "Women and the Question of Canonicity". College English 48;3, 288-301. Alter, Robert (1988): "The Difference ofLiterature". Poetics Today 9;3, 573-591. Altieri, Charles (1983): "An Idea and Ideal of a Literary Canon". Critica/lnquiry 10, 37-60. Anderegg, Johannes ( 1983): "Das Fiktionale und das Ästhetische". Funktionen des Fiktiven, ed. Dieter Henrich, Wolfgang Iser. München: Fink, 153-172. Andersen, Margret (1975): "Feminism As A Criterion of the Literary Critic." Feminist Criticism. Essays on Theory, Poetry and Prose, ed. Cheryl Brown and Karen Olsen. London et al.: The Scarecrow Press, 1978, 1-10. Amold, Matthew (1865): "The Function of Criticism at the Present Time". Leeruresand Essays in Criticism, ed. R.H. Super and Sister Thomas Marion Hoctor. Ann Arbor: The University ofMichigan Press, 1962,258-285. Amold, Matthew (1880): "The Study of Poetry". English Literature and lrish Politics, ed. R.H. Su per. Ann Arbor: The University ofMichigan Press, 1973, 161-188. Atwood, Margaret (1976): "On Being a 'Woman Writer': Paradoxes and Dilemmas". Second Words. Boston: Beacon Press, 1984, 190-204. Bagwell, Timothy (1986): American Formalism and the Problem of Interpretation. Houston, Tx: Rice University Press. Baker, Houston A., Jr. (1980) Afro-American Poetics: Revisions of HarZern and the Black Aesthe tic. Madison: University ofWisconsin Press, 1988. Baker, Houston A., Jr. (1981) "Generational Shifts and the Recent Criticism of Afro-American Literature". BlackAmerican Literature Forum 15;1, 3-21. -
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Research The
G a b r i e l l a | 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Research The idea of gender inequality has always been a big issue of human rights. In the nineteenth-century, women lived in different spheres or circumstances that separate them from men. And in fact, there were only a few women who are able to get good education or to pursue their career. However, at the beginning of the nineteenth-century women have begun to fight for their rights until now. In today’s society, we are able to see women getting their rights to vote, or to pursue their career, but in fact gender equality has not achieved yet. In September 2014, United Nation Women Goodwill Ambassador, Emma Watson made her speech about gender equality, she said “No country in the world can yet say that they achieved gender equality” (Watson). The idea of gender equality is to give women their full potential in every aspect of life, being equal without any gender boundaries. However, Emma Watson speech has captured the issue of women’s struggle, not only from Emma, the writer also found the women’s struggle is interpreted by different perspective, Michelle Obama in her speech during her visit in Argentina said “As I got older, I found that men would whistle at me as I walked down the street, as G a b r i e l l a | 2 if my body were their property, as if I were an object to be commented on instead of a full human being with thoughts and feelings of my own” (Obama). -
APÉNDICE BIBLIOGRÁFICO1 I. Herederas De Simone De Beauvoir A. Michèle Le Doeuff -Fuentes Primarias Le Sexe Du Savoir, Aubier
APÉNDICE BIBLIOGRÁFICO1 I. Herederas de Simone de Beauvoir A. Michèle Le Doeuff -Fuentes primarias Le sexe du savoir, Aubier, Paris : Aubier, 1998, reedición: Champs Flammarion, Paris, 2000. Traducción inglesa: The Sex of Knowing. Routledge, New-York, 2003. L'Étude et le rouet. Des femmes, de la philosophie, etc. Seueil, Paris, 1989. Tradcción inglesa: Hipparchia's Choice, an essay concerning women, philosophy, etc. Blackwell, Oxford, 1991. Traducción española: El Estudio y la rueca, ed. Catedra, Madrid, 1993. L'Imaginaire Philosophique, Payot, Lausanne, 1980. Traducción inglesa: The Philosophical Imaginary, Athlone, London, 1989. The Philosophical Imaginary ha sido reeditado por Continuum, U. K., 2002. "Women and Philosophy", en Radical Philosophy, Oxford 1977; original francés en Le Doctrinal de Sapience, 1977; texto inglés vuelto a publicar en French Feminist Thought, editado por Toril Moi, Blackwell, Oxford 1987. Ver también L'Imaginaire Philosophique o The Philosophical Imaginary, en una antología dirigida por Mary Evans, Routledge, Londres. "Irons-nous jouer dans l'île?", en Écrit pour Vl. Jankélévitch, Flammarion, Flammarion, 1978. "A woman divided", Ithaca, Cornell Review, 1978. "En torno a la moral de Descartes", en Conocer Descartes 1 Este apéndice bibliográfico incluye las obras de las herederas de Simone de Beauvoir, así como las de Hannah Arendt y Simone Weil, y algunas de las fuentes secundarias más importantes de dichas autoras. Se ha realizado a través de una serie de búsquedas en la Red, por lo que los datos bibliográficos se recogen tal y como, y en el mismo orden con el que se presentan en las diferente páginas visitadas. y su obra, bajo la dirección de Victor Gomez-Pin, Barcelona 1979. -
Chapter One Towards a Feminist Reading
Chapter One Towards a Feminist Reading The advent of feminism as a global and revolutionary ideology has brought into the field of literary criticism new critical outlooks and modes of exegesis. The practice of reading of any literary text has become a site in the struggle for change in gender relations that prevail in society. A reading that is feminist aims at asking such rudimentary questions: how the text defines sexual questions, what it says about gender relations and how it represents women. In other words, feminist reading/criticism has come to be recognized as a political discourse: a critical and theoretical practice committed to the struggle against patriarchy and sexism. The influential feminist critic, Elaine Showalter points out that two factors - gender and politics- which are suppressed in the dominant models of reading gain prominence with the advent of a feminist perspective. In every area of critical reflection whether it is literary representations of sexual difference or the molding/shaping of literary genres by masculine values feminist criticism has established gender as a fundamental category of literary analysis. With ,gender as a tool of literary interpretation the issue of silencing of the female voice in the institutions of literature, criticism and theory has also come to the forefront. Appreciating the widespread importance of gender, feminist philosophers resist speaking in gender-neutral voice. They value women's experiences, interest, and seek to shift the position of women from object to one of subject and agent. 1 Moreover, it has been an important function of feminist criticism to redirect attention to personal and everyday experience of alienation and oppression of women (as reflected in literary texts). -
Woman‟S Image in Charlotte Perkins Gilman‟S, “The Yellow Wallpaper
Woman‟s Image in Charlotte Perkins Gilman‟s, “The Yellow Wallpaper” and Fadia Faqir‟s, Pillars of Salt A Feminist Approach طٛسة اٌّشأة فً لظت حشبسٌٛث بٍشوٕز جٍّبْ "ٚسق اٌجذساْ اﻷطفش" ٚسٚاٌت فبدٌٗ فمٍش "أعّذة اٌٍّح" ِٓ ِٕظٛس ٔمذي ٔسٛي By Maria R. Alfadel Supervisor Professor Tawfiq Yousef A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master in English Language and its Literature Department of English Language and Literature Faculty of Arts Middle East University for Graduate Studies May, 2010 Authorization I, Maria De Lourdes R. Alfadel, authorize Middle East University for Graduate Studies to supply copies of my thesis to libraries or establishments or individuals upon request. Name: …………………………………………….. Signature: …………………………………………. Date: ………………………………………………. Thesis Committee Decision This thesis (Woman‟s Image in Charlotte Perkins Gilman‟s, “The Yellow Wallpaper” and Fadia Faqir‟s, Pillars of Salt) was successfully defended and approved on ………………………… Examination Committee Signature Dr. Riyadh Fayez Hussein ……………………………. Dr. Tawfiq Ibrahim Yousef ...…………………………. Dr. Sabar Sadoun Sultan ........………………………. i ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express my sincerest gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor, Professor Tawfiq Yousef for his generous support, guidance, and invaluable suggestions throughout every single phase of this undertaking. I have enjoyed working with him and learning from him as he guided me toward the completion and finalization of this thesis. I would also like to thank Professor Riyadh Hussein, the head of the Department of English Language and Literature and all the staff at Middle East University for Graduate Studies for patiently answering all my questions as I embarked on this project. Finally, special thanks goes to the committee members for their review and helpful feedback. -
Introduction: Eerlv Post Colonial
Introduction: eerlv Post colonial TERRY GOLDIE JTERHAPS LITERARY THEORY begins with Aristotle's Poetics but "the rise of theory" is quite recent. It has been closely associ• ated with some overtly sociopolitical movements, first Marxism and feminism, then many others, including African-American studies. Two that have made a major impact since the 1980s are postcolonial theory and queer theory. In the last few years, many scholars have asserted that these are the hot areas and just walking through the door at an MLA lecture by Edward Said or Diana Fuss suggests the truth of this. But does the heat represent any sustainable flame? Or, more to my point here, what is the connection to the warm passions of those involved? When this "hot area" comment is made to me, it has often had a personal edge. I have been involved in what is now called postcolonial studies since the early 1970s. Given that it really began with Alan McLeod's The Commonwealth Pen in 1961 and then the first Commonwealth literature conference in 1964, I was there quite close to the beginning. This is not true, however, of queer theory, as I began publishing and teaching in the area only in the early 1990s. Still, all my statements here on both fields are a reflection of what I see as my identity as a Canadian gay male. Where these three words fit within "postcolonial" and "queer" is part of this excursion. "Commonwealth Literature Studies" began with Leavisite and similar methods applied to texts from the former colonies of Britain. -
43 Elaine SHOWALTER: 'TOWARDS a FEMINIST POETICS'
216 TWENTIETH·CENTURY LITERARY THEORY 43 ElAINE SHOWALTER: 'TOWARDS A FEMINIST POETICS' Feminist criticism can be divided into two distinct varieties. The first type is concerned with woman as reader - with woman as the con sumer of male-produced literature, and with the way in which the hypothesis of a female reader changes our apprehension of a given text, awakening us to the significance of its sexual codes. I shall call this kind of analysis the feminist critique, and like other kinds of critique it is a historically grounded inquiry which probes the ideo logical assumptions of literary phenomena. Its subjects include the images and stereotypes of women in literature, the omissions and misconceptions about women in criticism, and the fissures in male constructed literary history. It is also concerned with the exploita tion and manipulation of the female audience, especially in popular culture and film; and with the analysis of woman-as-sign in semiotic systems. The second type of feminist criticism is concerned with woman as writer - with woman as the producer of textual meaning, with the history, themes, genres and structures of literature by women. Its subjects include the psychodynamics of female creativity; linguistics and the problem of a female language; the trajectory of the individual or collective female literary career; literary history; and, of course, studies of particular writers and works. No term exists in English for such a specialised discourse, and so I have adapted the French term la gynocritique: 'gynocritics' (although the significance of the male pseudonym in the history of women's writing also suggested the term 'georgics'). -
The Problem of Androgyny in Virginia Woolf's a Room of One's Own
THE PROBLEM OF ANDROGYNY IN VIRGINIA WOOLF'S A ROOM OF ONE'S OWN By GLENDA ANN LOCKHART Bachelor of Arts in Arts and Sciences Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1986 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS December, 1993 OKLAHOMA S'rATE UNIVERSITY THE PROBLEM OF ANDROGYNY IN VIRGINIA WOOLF'S A ROOM OF ONE'S OWN Thesis Approved: ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page INTRODUCTION. NARRATIVE FRAMES AS RHETORICAL STRATEGY: THE ARGUMENT AND RELEVANT SCHOLARS·HIP . ...............•..•............•...•... 1 I. MODERN AUTHORITY AND WOMEN'S AUTHORITY: ESSAYS 1918-1925 .......................•..•....•.. 19 II. "A ROOM OF ONE'S OWN" AND "ANDROGYNY": TWO PRESCRIPTIONS FOR AUTHORITY IN A ROOM OF ONE I s OWN ............................... 3 5 III. "ANDROGYNY" AND THE DUPLICITOUS NARRATOR ....•..... 59 CONCLUSION . ..•.•.•......•...•.....•...•..•.••.........•.. 8 3 NOTES ................................ ....................... 8 7 WORKS CITED . ............................................. 100 i i i INTRODUCTION NARRATIVE FRAMES AS RHETORICAL STRATEGY: THE ARGUMENT AND RELEVANT SCHOLARSHIP My project in this thesis is to dispute the widely held belief that in A Room of one's Own, Virginia Woolf advocates the development of an androgynous perspective as necessary for women writers to produce literature. My endeavor is occasioned by the nature of the misreadings following from that premise: on one hand, those that see Woolf's feminism as compromised by her perceived endorsement of "androgyny"; on the other, those that embrace "androgyny" as a viable approach to femal e authority. In particular, I take issue with the obviation of the narrative frames of A Room of One's own required to sustain such readings. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9201665 Tbward a feminist identity: Contemporary Mexican-American women novelists Gonz&lez, Marfa Carmen, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1991 Copyright ©1991 by GonzAlez, Marfa Carmen. -
Virginia Woolf, the Problem of Language, and Feminist Aesthetics
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1993 A Voice of One's Own: Virginia Woolf, the Problem of Language, and Feminist Aesthetics Lisa Karin Levine College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Levine, Lisa Karin, "A Voice of One's Own: Virginia Woolf, the Problem of Language, and Feminist Aesthetics" (1993). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625831. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-fz2e-0q20 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Voice of One's Own: Virginia Woolf, the Problem of Language, and Feminist Aesthetics A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of English The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Lisa Karin Levine 1993 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Lisa Karin Levine Approved, May 1993 Esther Lanigan, Chair Elsa Nettels Deborah Morse DEDICATION The author wishes to dedicate this text to Drs. Arlene and Joel Levine, without whose love and support none of this would be possible. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express her appreciation to Professor Esther Lanigan for her many hours of reading and invaluable criticism of this text, and also to Professors Deborah Morse and Elsa Nettels for their time and instruction. -
Introduction
Introduction Autor(en): Soltysik Monnet, Agnieszka / Austenfeld, Thomas Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: SPELL : Swiss papers in English language and literature Band (Jahr): 23 (2009) PDF erstellt am: 24.09.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-389621 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch Introduction The title of this volume, Writing American Women, can be read in at least two different ways. One is a verbal reading, according to which someone "writes" American women; another is adjectival, according to which American women write. The essays collected here take both approaches. Some are about women who write and about the biographical, editorial, historical, and geographical conditions informing that writing; others are about the way that women are represented by themselves and by others. -
No Worries” in Australia and ‘Worrisome Indianisms’
Oman Journal of ELT Volume 3 April 2018 www.ict.edu.om (i) Advisory Board : Dr. Azzah Al-Maskari Dean, Ibra College of Technology Mr. Basim Mubarak Juma Al-Mushaifri HoC, ELC, Ibra College of Technology Mr. Salim Nasser Saif Al-Sadi HoS - ELP, ELC, Ibra College of Technology Mr. Hilal Aamir Al-Hajri HoS - CTM, ELC, Ibra College of Technology Editor : Mr. C. Kodhandaraman Lecturer, ELC, Ibra College of Technology Editorial Board : Mrs. Anandan Latha Lecturer, ELC, Ibra College of Technology Mr. Sherwin Tapit Auman Lecturer, ELC, Ibra College of Technology Mr. Selwyn Cruz Lecturer, ELC, Ibra College of Technology, Published by : English Language Centre, Ibra College of Technology Printed at : Publishing Centre, Educational Technology Centre, Ibra College of Technology Copyright : English Language Centre, Ibra College of Technology Layout Design & Printing by : Mr. Praveen Ragi Mr. Edgar M. Recolizado Mr. Vincent T. Superalis Technicians, ETC Ibra College of Technology (ii) OJELT welcomes articles from teachers and researchers from any institution in Oman. This Journal is annual and will be published in May every year. (iii) Dr. Azzah Al-Maskari Dean, Ibra College of Technology From the Dean Welcome to the third issue of Oman Journal of ELT! While it is true that information comes in many forms, I always believe that journals like this not only provide the information that one needs, but also provoke deeper thinking that empowers you as a reader. This journal presents a wealth of verified knowledge from the efforts of hardworking academic writers, researchers and contributors. Reading through these pages will let you view topics from many educated perspectives, hence helping you formulate your own conclusion.