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An Annotated Bibliography of Western Canada Boreal Mixedwood Forest and Related Literature

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An Annotated Bibliography of Western Canada Boreal Mixedwood Forest and Related Literature AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WESTERN CANADA BOREAL MIXEDWOOD FOREST AND RELATED LITERATURE Prepared by W.L Strong 1.0. SYSTEMS LTD. Prepared for FORESTRY CANADA Northern Forestry Centre 5320 - 122 Street Edmonton, Alberta T6H 3S5 1992 Edmonton INTRODUCTION - Alberta Environment Library, Edmonton; University of Calgary Library, Calgary; Saskatchewan Renewable Resources and Parks Pure and mixed forest stands of aspen (Populus Library, Prince Albert; tremuloides) and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera ) University of Saskatchewan Library, Saskatoon; dominate the northern half of Alberta, the southwest and portion of the Northwest Territories, northeastern Canadian Wildlife Service Library, Edmonton. British Columbia, central Saskatchewan, and part of southwestern Manitoba. These areas include both the Mixedwood (B18a and B18b) and Lower Foothills Some sources were also obtained through contact Forest Sections as recognized by Rowe (1972). The with individuals who are actively conducting research primary difference between these forest section in in boreal mixedwood forests. terms of their tree species composition is the occur­ rence of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) in the latter In addition to the compilation of citations, an attempt area. Another significant component of these forests was made to briefly summarize the purpose of each is white spruce (Picea glauca), which increases in study and/or the type of information included within abundance as stands age. Historically, the primary each document. The type of included information commercial interest in mixedwood forests has been was also summarized by assigning one or more key the harvesting of conifers component. However, word codes to each study. The following list ident­ during the past five to ten years, interest in the ifies the categories used for key words. deciduous component has increased dramatically, but ecological research and planning to ensure sustainable development has lagged relative to the rate of resource development (e.g., several pulp mills, wafer CODE CATEGORIES board plants). X1 Ecological land classification The primary objective of this study was to compile an X2 Physical land classification annotated bibliography of boreal mixedwood forest and related literature as a basis for determining what type of data are available and where the studies were Silviculture conducted. Related literature includes studies and documents such as soil surveys which could poten­ X3 Tree crop production tially be useful in promoting the sustained develop­ X4 Even age stand management ment of boreal mixedwood ecosystems. X5 Uneven age stand management X6 Site preparation X7 Vegetation control X8 Species trials for planting DATA SOURCES X9 Insects, disease, and damage X10 Plant propagation Materials for this bibliography were obtained from the X1 1 Forest policy searching of card catalogues, review of information X12 Harvesting methods on computerized data bases (AGRICOLA), and review X13 Ecological effects and conditions of of citation lists included in most research papers and harvesting technical reports. Most attention was focused on X14 Juvenile stand tending studies that were conducted in the 1960 to 1990 X1 5 Growth and yield timeframe, although older and relevant citations were X1 6 Land based alienation due to road and also included. The following libraries represent the resource development principal sources where publications were reviewed - X1 7 Remote sensing X1 8 Genetics and cellular structure Cameron Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton; Sustainable Benefits Bruce Peel Special Collections Library, Univer­ sity of Alberta, Edmonton; X1 9 Economics - fibre Canadian Circumpolar Library, University of X20 Economics - non fibre Alberta, Edmonton; X2 1 Unique resources Northern Forestry Centre Library, Edmonton; Alberta Forestry/Energy, Lands and Wildlife Library, Edmonton; 2 Environment (Physical and Biological Resources) A total of approximately 745 citations are included in the following bibliography. Appendix I contains a X22 Plant habitat and species diversity guide to references by subject code. X23 Water quality/volume X24 Soil and site productivity X25 Nutrient dynamics X26 Wildlife distributions and diversity ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS X27 Wildlife habitat X28 Wildlife migration This project was funded by Forestry Canada under X29 Fisheries the Green Plan Program (Phase I). Dr. Ian G.W. Corns X30 Micro-organisms (Forestry Canada) was the scientific authority and X3 1 Soil erosion coordinated the project; Ms. Michelle Olson assisted X32 Slope stability with the library search, review, and compilation of the X33 Vegetation surveys bibliography; and Ms. Janet Guretzki 11.0. Systems X34 Soil surveys Ltd.) edited the final text. X35 Ecology Environment (Culture Aspects) X36 Social X37 Recreation X38 Aesthetics X39 Spiritual Other Aspects X40 Burning X4 1 Site disturbance X42 Climate X43 Wood and product assessment X44 Soil moisture X45 Pollution X46 Standing crop X47 Hydrology X48 Forest grazing X49 Harvesting costs The "X" preceding the category code was included to facilitate computer searching of the bibliography which is also available on 3.5" DOS floppy disc in Word Perfect 5.1 software. By placing an "X" prior to the code number, it allows the location of individ­ ual subject categories while avoiding interference with date and other numbers. No attempt was made to evaluate or compare studies. This is a task best conducted by individual researchers within the context of their specific studies. Also included with each citation is a general geographical location where the study was con­ ducted. These locations are based on National Topo­ graphic Series map sheets (e.g., 83 L, SW 63 C; S - south, N - North, E - East. W - West). 3 Abouguendia, Z., L.A. Baschak, and R.C. Godwin. Key words: X45 1986. Effects of simulated acidic precipitation on Saskatchewan crop and forest species: results of the 1985/86 experiments. Saskatchewan Research Addison, P.A. 1984. Biomonitoring of air pollution Council, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. SRC Technical impacts in the Athabasca Oil Sands forests, pp. 4-5. Report Number 1 91 . In Toxic substances and the forest environment. Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, The effects of simulated acid rain were assessed on Northern Forest Research Centre, Edmonton, Alberta. several agricultural crops and forest tree species Forestry Report 30. which included aspen. The results suggest that pH values higher than 3.6 had minimal effects on the A general review of methods used for biomonitoring studied species. Effects were only detected at in the Alberta Oil Sands Environmental Research levels of approximately 2.6. In some cases, Project area. aboveground growth was enhanced by low pH. At low pH, visible damage was evident in white spruce Location: W 74 E and aspen but neither growth nor physiological factors were effected. Increased acidity may Key words: X45 increase the availability of nutrients. Location: Not specific Addison, P.A., and J. Baker. 1977. Ecological benchmarking and biomonitoring for detection of S0 2 Key words: X45 effects on vegetation and soils, pp. 24-47. In Malhortra, S.S., editor. The effects of sulphur dioxide on forest vegetation and soils of Alberta Oil Sands, Addison, P.A. 1980. Ecological bench-marking and Annual Report (1976-77). Alberta Oil Sands Environ­ biomonitoring for detection of airborne pollutant mental Research Program, Vegetation Technical effects on vegetation and soil. Alberta Soil Sands Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta. Environmental Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta. AOSERP Report 111. Not available for review. Plant communities sampled in 1976/7 were re­ Location: 74 E sampled in 1979 to determine if air pollution from tar sands had affected the understory vegetation of forest communities. Soils were also collected and Addison, P.A., K.A. Kennedy, and D.G. Maynard. re-tested for sulphur, aluminum, iron, vanadium, 1984. Effects of sour gas processing on a forest and nickel. They found little difference in the ecosystem in west-central Alberta. Environment vegetation during the two different sampling Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Northern Forest periods. Research Centre, Edmonton, Alberta . Information Report NOR-X-265. Location: 74 E This study investigated the impact of sour gas from Key words: X45 two processing plants on forest plants and soils. Sulphur content in soils was found to have increased within the impingement zone. The Addison, P.A. 1982. Biomonitoring in the Athabasca greatest effects on vegetation were found nearest Oil Sands area of Alberta: progress and pitfalls, pp. the source in the form of reduced herb cover and 332-367. In: Symposium workshop proceedings on bryophyte diversity. Bryophytes were found to be acid forming emissions in Alberta, and their ecological the most sensitive to sulphur deposition. Trees did effects, March 9-12. Alberta Environment, Canadian not show either a growth or reproduction response. Petroleum ASSOCiation, Oil Sands Environmental Study Group, Edmonton, Alberta. Location: 83 B A background review of bio- and atmospheric moni­ Key words: X33, X34, X35, X45 toring in the Alberta Oil Sands Environmental Research area with preliminary results. Much of the vegetation work focused on conifers and Addison, P.A., S.J. L'Hirondelle, D.G. Maynard, S.S. lichens. Malhotra, and A.A. Khan. 1986. Effects of oil sands processing emissions on the boreal forest. Environ­ Location: 74 E ment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Northern 4 Forest
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