Oliver Hazard Perry

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Oliver Hazard Perry Battle of Fallen Timbers & Treaty of Greenville, 1795 Tecumseh’s War Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811 The Henry Letters,1812 Three-Pronged Attack Strategy Detroit Niagara Montreal British, Canadians, Indians pushed back all three. captured numerous merchant ships and defeated five British warships during the war nicknamed "Old Ironsides" Major Battle Lake Erie • Oliver Hazard Perry • Battle of Lake Erie 1813 ensured American control of the lake for the rest of the war, which in turn allowed the Americans to recover Detroit and win the Battle of the Thames to break the Indian confederation of Tecumseh Major Battle • General William H. Harrison • Battle of Thames 1813 Ended Indian confederation and killed their most valuable leader, Tecumseh Major Battle • Thomas Macdonough Battle of Plattsburg 1814 (Battle of Lake Champlain) protected NY from British attempt to seize it and ended the final invasion of the northern states Major Battle Battle of Horshoe Bend 1814 Creek War Andrew Jackson led victory over Creek Indians in Alabama, removing further land competition from Atlantic to Mississippi (was part of Mississippi territory before becoming Alabama) British attacked Fort McHenry and burned DC. We fired our guns and the British kept a-comin' There wasn't nigh as many as there was a while ago We fired once more and they begin to runnin' On down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico Treaty of Ghent Signed December 1814 Communicated 1815 Resulted in status quo ante bellum …the state in which things were before the war MA, CN, RI, VT, NH - discussed grievances at the Hartford Convention against embargos and their impact on NE economy - sought redress for lost income - money - amendment requiring 2/3 vote in Congress before embargo can be used, new states admitted, or war declared - sought protection against the growing agrarian south/west - to abolish 3/5 clause - single presidential term limit - law prohibiting two successive presidents from same state - radicals suggested secession, and regional threat of nullification remained Increased Nationalism - -Sectionalism (New England Federalists) weakened -War heroes; Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison -National literature born with Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper using American themes and scenes -American textbooks written -American magazines like North American Review -Painters depicted American scenes including landscapes -National Bank re-chartered -Army expanded -DC rebuilt with grandeur Land claims strengthened -Indians cede Ohio Valley -Rush-Bagot Treaty, 1817, limited naval armaments on Great Lakes -European wars ended; leaving focus on American west -Land was easy to get (after speculation and recession… Land Act of 1820; 80 acres for min. $1.25) Manufacturing Increased -blockades/embargoes during war encouraged American business growth -Tariff of 1816 placed protective tariff on British goods -Henry Clay’s American System -Erie Canal -Cumberland Road (Maryland to Illinois) .
Recommended publications
  • Crucial Victory on Lake Champlain – “9/11” 1814 America’S Second War for Independence (1812 – 1815)
    Crucial Victory on Lake Champlain – “9/11” 1814 America’s Second War for Independence (1812 – 1815) The War of 1812, also known as America’s Second War for Independence, was a contest to see if a free, republican form of government could survive. The Irish in America again rallied to the colors – the rapid fortification, by the Irish, of the Battery in New York City being but one example. Thomas Addis Emmet raised the Irish Republican Greens, which participated with the US Army for the duration of the war, including in the 1813 invasion of Canada. [See: Washington’s Irish by Derek Warfield.] England does not recognize expatriation, i.e., that someone born in the United Kingdom could ever renounce being a “British subject” and acquire American (or any other) citizenship. This resulted in the impressment of American merchant seamen into the Royal Navy, one of the causes of the war. During the course of the war it also gave rise to an English threat to hang any captured Irish-born members of the American forces. American General Winfield Scott countered by promising to hang two English prisoners of war for every Irishman hanged. No one was hanged. In essence, England’s war aims in North America during 1812-1815, were similar to those of 1775-1783, but with a strategy based on lessons learned from the former conflict. After the defeat of Napoleon in 1814, the Duke of Wellington sent sixteen of his best veteran infantry regiments, plus cavalry and artillery, to North America to attempt the partitioning of the United States by driving down the Champlain and Hudson Valleys, as intended by “Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne in 1777, to cut off New England from the rest of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • 1913-06-20, [P ]
    — 1 WEATHER- F For Delaware! Overcast, ij Circulation Î4,349| I warm; probably thunder- I; Yesterday »bowers tonight or Satur* 11 day; light south wind The Evening Journal GUARANTEED te ^TWENTY-SIXTH YEAR-NO. 28 WILMINGTON. DELAWARE, FRIDAY. JUNE 20, 1913 16 PAGES ► ONE CENT STATES MUSI O.M.D. CAMP SEN. DUPONT Happy? Certainly! Mme. Rappold, ... ah . lfmnM Prima Donna, Gets Divorce and $150,000 FOR RECEIVER ENFORCE WEBB IN HONOR OF LAUDSPLÄNTO Will Wed Tenor of Early Dreams STREETS; NONE ASKED FOR LIQUOR LAW MACDONOUGH BOOM CITY FOR PlAYFIELD LUMBER CO. Attorney General M’Reynolds Governor Calls State Defend­ Regrets That He Cannot At­ / Council Defeats Mr. Haney's Philadelphians Seek Order Gives Interpretation of ers to Field Instruction tend Chamber of Com­ Tenth Ward Improvement From Local Court After Conviction of Inter­ Anti-Shipment Act July 19-26 « merce Dinner to Plan by One Vote v national Heads HO FEDERAL PENALTY* AND FIRST GENERAL Editors SOLON PLEADS FOR CHANCELLOR ISSUES STATES HAVE JURISDICTION ORDER IS ISSUED SEES MUCH GOOD IN TOTS’ OUTING PLACE RULE IN THE CASK Many Wllralngtonlsns are Intereat- Oeneral orders were issued today CLOSER PENINSULA TIES City Council by -.unanimous vote K In the announcement fromWashlag- by command of Governor Charles R. last night passed the ordinance pro­ Chancellor Charles M. Curtis has Is­ n yesterday that the Webb-Ke.iyon Miller, through adjutant General 1. ! Regretting that he will be unable, viding a bond isiuo of $150.000 for sued a rule returnable on Monday, Maw, forbidding interstate shipments Pusey Wiokersham, chief of staff, for jbecause of official duties, to attend July 20, In the case of Coverly-Haakina •f liquor Into “dry” States Is not a street ,«nd sewer Improvements, and et al„ vs.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1812 Streets of Cambridgeport
    The 1812 Streets of Cambridgeport The Last Battle of the Revolution Less than a quarter of a century after the close of the American Revolution, Great Britain and the United States were again in conflict. Britain and her allies were engaged in a long war with Napoleonic France. The shipping-related industries of the neutral United States benefited hugely, conducting trade with both sides. Hundreds of ships, built in yards on America’s Atlantic coast and manned by American sailors, carried goods, including foodstuffs and raw materials, to Europe and the West Indies. Merchants and farmers alike reaped the profits. In Cambridge, men made plans to profit from this brisk trade. “[T]he soaring hopes of expansionist-minded promoters and speculators in Cambridge were based solidly on the assumption that the economic future of Cambridge rested on its potential as a shipping center.” The very name, Cambridgeport, reflected “the expectation that several miles of waterfront could be developed into a port with an intricate system of canals.” In January 1805, Congress designated Cambridge as a “port of delivery” and “canal dredging began [and] prices of dock lots soared." [1] Judge Francis Dana, a lawyer, diplomat, and Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, was one of the primary investors in the development of Cambridgeport. He and his large family lived in a handsome mansion on what is now Dana Hill. Dana lost heavily when Jefferson declared an embargo in 1807. Britain and France objected to America’s commercial relationship with their respective enemies and took steps to curtail trade with the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Commodore Perry Farm
    Th r.r, I C. *. 1 4 7. tj,vi:S t,’J !.&:-r;JO v . I / jL. Lii . ; United States Department of the Interior National Park Service For NPS use only National Register of Historic PAaces ...received lnventory-Nomnation Form date entered See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries-complete applicable sections 1. Name historic Commodore Perry Farm and/orcommon Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry Birthplace, "The Commodore" 2. Location street & number 184 Post Road - not for publication #2 - Hon. Claudine Schneider city, town South Kings town N ..A vicinity of Cunt.cnoionnl dist4ot state Rhode Island code 44 county Washington code 009 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district public i occupied agriculture museum -.JL. buildings .L.. private unoccupied commercial - park structure both work in progress - educational ..._L private residence site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment religious object ?LAJn process ......X yes: restricted government scientific being considered -- yes: unrestricted industrial transportation no military other: 4. Owner of Property name Mrs. Wisner Townsend street&number 184 Post Road city, town Wake field PLA.vicinity of state Rhode Island 02880 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Town Clerk, South Kingstown Town i-Jail - street & number 111gb Street city, town Wakefield state Rhode is land 02880 6. Representation in Existing Surveys title See Continuation Sheet #1. has this property been determined eligible? yes ç4ç_ no date - federal .... state county - local depository for survey records city, town state NP Form I0.900.h OMEI No.1074-0018 .‘‘‘‘‘.t3.82 Eq, 1031-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service For Nt’S use on’y t’lationa! Register of Historic Places received’ lnventory-Nominatñon Form dateentéred Continuation sheet 1 *, item number , Page 2 Historic American Bui ] clings Survey 1956, 1959 Library of Congress Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Gold Medals: Background, Legislative Process, and Issues for Congress
    Congressional Gold Medals: Background, Legislative Process, and Issues for Congress Updated April 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45101 Congressional Gold Medals: Background, Legislative Process, and Issues for Congress Summary Senators and Representatives are frequently asked to support or sponsor proposals recognizing historic events and outstanding achievements by individuals or institutions. Among the various forms of recognition that Congress bestows, the Congressional Gold Medal is often considered the most distinguished. Through this venerable tradition—the occasional commissioning of individually struck gold medals in its name—Congress has expressed public gratitude on behalf of the nation for distinguished contributions for more than two centuries. Since 1776, this award, which initially was bestowed on military leaders, has also been given to such diverse individuals as Sir Winston Churchill and Bob Hope, George Washington and Robert Frost, Joe Louis and Mother Teresa of Calcutta. Congressional gold medal legislation generally has a specific format. Once a gold medal is authorized, it follows a specified process for design, minting, and presentation. This process includes consultation and recommendations by the Citizens Coinage Advisory Commission (CCAC) and the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts (CFA), pursuant to any statutory instructions, before the Secretary of the Treasury makes the final decision on a gold medal’s design. Once the medal has been struck, a ceremony will often be scheduled to formally award the medal to the recipient. In recent years, the number of gold medals awarded has increased, and some have expressed interest in examining the gold medal authorization and awarding process. Should Congress want to make such changes, several individual and institutional options might be available.
    [Show full text]
  • Battle of Plattsburgh, September 11, 1814
    History of the War of 1812 – Battle of Plattsburgh, September 11, 1814 (Referenced to National Education Standards) Objectives: Students will be able to cite the basic facts relating to the land and water battles at Plattsburgh, New York on September 11, 1814 and be able to place the location and events into the chronological framework of the War of 1812. Time: 3 to 5 class periods, depending on extension activities. Skills: Reading, chronological thinking, map-making. Content Areas: Language Arts – Vocabulary, Language Arts- Reading, Social Studies – Geography, Social Studies - United States history. Materials: - Poster board - Colored markers/crayons - Pencils - Copies of reading materials Standards: NCHS History Standards K-4 Historical Thinking Standards 1A: Identify the temporal structure of an historical narrative or story. 1F: Create timelines. 5A: Identify problems and dilemmas confronting people in historical stories, myths, legends, and fables, and in the history of their school, community, state, nation, and the world. 5B: Analyze the interests, values, and points of view of those involved in the dilemma or problem situation . K-4 Historical Content Standards 4D: The student understands events that celebrate and exemplify fundamental values and principles of American democracy. 4E: The student understands national symbols through which American values and principles are expressed. 5-12 Historical Thinking Standards 1A: Identify the temporal structure of an historical narrative or story. 1B: Interpret data presented in time lines and create time lines. 5-12 History Content Standards Era 4: Expansion and Reform (1801-1861) 1A: The student understands the international background and consequences of the Louisiana Purchase, the War of 1812, and the Monroe Doctrine.
    [Show full text]
  • Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial Jr Ranger Booklet for Ages 10-12
    Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial National Park Service Put-in-Bay, Ohio U.S. Department of the Interior Ages 10-12 Name:__________________________ Who Was Oliver Hazard Perry? Commodore Perry was born in Rhode Island in 1785. At the age of thirteen he followed in his father’s footsteps by joining the U.S. Navy. Through hard work and strength of Anchors Aweigh! character Perry was able to gain a position in the navy as the leader of a fleet of American ships. In 1812 war broke out across America between the U.S. and Great Britain. Welcome to Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial. Our park has been Perry helped America end the War of 1812 by conquering British naval forces in the Battle of Lake Erie. a part of the National Park Service since 1936. The National Park Service cares for During this battle, Perry’s quick-thinking helped him to lead the United States to one of its first and and protects America’s special places. By becoming a Junior Ranger, you are greatest naval victories. This park memorializes his leadership and bravery under pressure. helping to care for and protect these special places too! To learn more about Perry watch the movie “The Battle of Lake Erie” in the Visitor Center. Listen closely and see if you can answer the questions below. If you need help finding an answer ask a Park Ranger. How To Use This Book 1. Who was the commander of the American fleet? At the top of each page you will find a short overview of the page’s topic.
    [Show full text]
  • The Battles of Plattsburgh and Lake Champlain (1814)
    The Battles of Plattsburgh and Lake Champlain (1814) In 1814, the British decided on a multi-prong attack on the United States; they intended to take advantage of warships and troop units freed up by the apparent end of the conflict against Napoleon and France. One offensive would seek to revenge the sacking of York, modern day Toronto, by threatening Washington, DC, and Baltimore, Maryland, home base for many American privateers; another offensive would threaten the Gulf Coast, especially Mobile and New Orleans. The third offensive would operate down Lake Champlain to divide New York from Vermont and New England. British military strategists had learned the lesson of Burgoyne’s failed campaign during the American Revolution. In 1777, General John Burgoyne had marched his men down the lakes, largely devoid of naval support and logistics, and eventually found himself cut off around Saratoga; winter’s approach left him few alternatives-- he could not advance against the ever- increasing American army, could not retreat into the harsh winter, and lacked the logistical “tail” to survive in Saratoga. He surrendered, and that surrender secured, outright, French support for the infant United States and victory against Great Britain. General Sir John Prévost intended to improve on Burgoyne’s flawed advance. He would combine a strong naval force built late the previous summer at Ile aux Noix, Quebec, with a strong ground force, to advance down the Richelieu River to Lake Champlain, to batter his way if necessary down the New York side of the lake system, while continuing to secure support from Vermonters whose loyalty to the United States was unclear in this war.
    [Show full text]
  • Few Americans in the 1790S Would Have Predicted That the Subject Of
    AMERICAN NAVAL POLICY IN AN AGE OF ATLANTIC WARFARE: A CONSENSUS BROKEN AND REFORGED, 1783-1816 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jeffrey J. Seiken, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor John Guilmartin, Jr., Advisor Professor Margaret Newell _______________________ Professor Mark Grimsley Advisor History Graduate Program ABSTRACT In the 1780s, there was broad agreement among American revolutionaries like Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton about the need for a strong national navy. This consensus, however, collapsed as a result of the partisan strife of the 1790s. The Federalist Party embraced the strategic rationale laid out by naval boosters in the previous decade, namely that only a powerful, seagoing battle fleet offered a viable means of defending the nation's vulnerable ports and harbors. Federalists also believed a navy was necessary to protect America's burgeoning trade with overseas markets. Republicans did not dispute the desirability of the Federalist goals, but they disagreed sharply with their political opponents about the wisdom of depending on a navy to achieve these ends. In place of a navy, the Republicans with Jefferson and Madison at the lead championed an altogether different prescription for national security and commercial growth: economic coercion. The Federalists won most of the legislative confrontations of the 1790s. But their very success contributed to the party's decisive defeat in the election of 1800 and the abandonment of their plans to create a strong blue water navy.
    [Show full text]
  • •A Maritime History of the United States
    The Eagle’s Webbed Feet The Eagle’s Webbed Feet •A Maritime History ofA theMaritime United History ofStates the United States A To Defend a New Country (& Creating a “New” Navy) “Don’t give up the ship” “We have met the enemy and they are ours” Barbary Pirates • State sponsored piracy of long standing • Active piracy • Tribute • After 1783, American vessels were subject to capture • However, Portuguese blockade kept them out of the Atlantic • By 1785, US is routinely paying ransom and tribute to the Barbary States • Treaty with Morocco (1783) • Treaty with Algiers (1785) • 15 years of tribute would follow (up to $1M / year) Resurgence • 1789 – New constitution authorizes a Navy (over significant protests) • No action, no money • In 1793, Portugal ends Gibraltar blockade • Algiers then captures 11 American merchant ships in the Atlantic • Demands ever increasing tribute • Causes Congress to finally act in two ways (Diplomacy & a Navy) • Naval Act of 1794 (Passed by 2 votes) • The “Six Frigates” • Manning (incl. marines) • Strong opposition led to cancellation clause • 1796 – Peace accord with Algiers • President Washington forces the issue on three frigates The Six Frigates • Three 44’s, Two 38’s, and one 36 • Arguably the best frigates in the world at the time • Royal Navy report • Achieved that elusive balance that warships strive for: “To outfight anything it USS Constitution couldn’t outrun” Quasi-War with France • 1789- French Revolution • By 1796 several issues erupt between France and the U.S. • Trade deal with England • Stopped paying our debt owed to the crown (not the republic) • French deployed privateers which seized 316 ships in 1796 alone • 1798 – The X,Y,Z affair • Congress authorizes completion of the other three frigates and the procurement of a small fleet • July 7 1798 – Congress authorized the Navy to attack French warships • Big American advantage – British blockade of French warships.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Jewish History of Newport's Historic Washington
    Guide to the Jewish history of Newport’s Historic Washington Square Park at the Gateway Center garage, 23 America’s Cup Avenue, then cross America’s Cup at the stop light by Panera Bread (past the Marriott Hotel). Enjoy these sights on your way to Touro Synagogue. 1. Long Wharf Mall (between America’s Cup and Thames Street). When Touro Synagogue was built, the harbor side of Touro Synagogue this mall was the land end of Long Wharf, colonial Newport’s public wharf. Merchants’ private docks lined the waterfront north and south of Long Wharf. The wharf owned by Aaron Lopez, a wealthy Jewish merchant and founding member of the congregation that built Touro Synagogue, sat just to the south where the Newport Harbor Hotel and Marina is now. 2. Brick Market (Thames Street end of Long Wharf Mall). This 3-story brick building at the Washington Square end of Long Wharf Mall was built around the same time as Touro 7 Synagogue and was designed by the same man, America’s first great architect Peter Harrison. 6 5 3. Horse Trough. This replica of a 19th-century watering 2 trough in the triangle just opposite the Brick Market was made by metal artists Howard and Mary Newman, members of Newport’s current Jewish community who also restored artifacts in Touro Synagogue. Learn more about the 1 Synagogue artifact restoration at http://finemetalrestoration.com/touro-synagogue/. Gateway Center Parking Garage 23 America’s Cup Avenue 4. Washington Square. The area across Thames Street from the Brick Market is Newport’s original town common.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry
    xO^x :> Av •^ .^ '/ ,^ G ^ V* ^. c>' ^-^ ^ . A^ T H E LIFE "^7^ ov COMMODORE OLIVER HAZARD PERRY. BT ALEX. SLIDELL MACKENZIE, U.S.N. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. IL NEW-YORK; HARPER & BROTHERS, 82 CLIFJ-STREET. 353 5nte.red, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1840. hy Hakter & Hrothers, In the Clerk's Office of the Southern District of New-York. CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. CHAPTER X. Page erry returns to Detroit.—Joint Proclamations oj Harrison and Perry. —Reception through' out the United States of the News of the Vic- tory. — Letter from the Secretary of the Navy. —Authorized to Parole Barclay.—Promoted to Post -captaincy. —Leave to return to New- port.— Sailsfor Putin Bay.—Receives Bar- clay. —Arrives at Erie.—Reception there. — No Notice taken of Captain Elliott. — His Discontent. — Complains to General Harri- son.—Interview between Perry and Captain Elliott, — Perry^s Departure from Erie. — Captain ElUotVs Efforts to obtain Certificates, —Letter from the Officers of the Niagara.— Certificatefrom Lieutenant Turner. —Mr. Ma- grath^s Publication. — Overtures to Messrs. Macdonald, Brownell, and Champlin. — Over- tures to British Offcers. —Reasons assigned by Captain Elliott for their Hostility. — Story of throwing overboard Mottofag.—Duels. — Difficulties among Crews. — Barclay^s Feel" ings towards Perry 9 • VI CONTENTS. CHAPTER XL Paga Pernios Homeward Journey. — Reception in the Villages. — At Ulica. — Schenectady. — Al- hany. —Memoir of Alexander Perry.—Re- ception in Connecticut.—Providence. —New. port. — Visits New- York.—Entertainments.— Presidents Notice of the Battle. — Honours and Rewards from Congress.—Prize Money, — Visit to Washington. — Reception. — En- tertainment at Baltimore. — Honours from Pennsylvania.
    [Show full text]