South Carolina Science Grade 6 Color Transparencies

Trans LS-428-MSS05 5/24/04 12:44 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus Do the chimpanzees study Chapter Transparency Dr. Goodall? 1 Jane Goodall, a zoologist from England, researches chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National Park. She has described and reported many aspects of chimpanzees, including hunting, tool use, and social behaviors.

1. How was Dr. Goodall able to discover so many chimpanzee behaviors? 2. How does studying an animal in a laboratory compare with studying an animal in its natural habitat? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Exploring and Classifying Life Trans LS-428-MSS05 5/24/04 12:45 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus Most Enlightening Chapter Transparency 1 Have you ever seen a house plant growing toward the window? Most plants grow toward the light. This bending is caused by a plant hormone that makes plant cells stretch and grow in the direction of the light source.

1. Why do plants need light? 2. What would happen if you gave the pot a half turn? 3. What does this plant need to live? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Exploring and Classifying Life Trans LS-428-MSS05 5/24/04 12:46 AM Page 3

3 Section Focus How about a field trip? Chapter Transparency 1 Is there life on other planets? If there is, it probably doesn’t resemble the aliens we see in the movies. Some scientists believe that Europa, one of Jupiter’s moons (pictured in the center of the image below), is a candidate for supporting extraterrestrial life.

1. What general resources are needed to sustain life on Earth? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. 2. Is it possible that other planets or moons in our galaxy might have the resources to support life? Explain.

Exploring and Classifying Life Trans LS-428-MSS05 5/24/04 12:52 AM Page 6

Assessment Exploring and Classifying Life Chapter Transparency 1

Directions: Carefully review the table and answer the following questions.

Fruit and Vegetable Seed Germination Rate Number of seeds Amount of Type of Number of germinating seed seeds water added (mL ) Day Day Day 3 5 7 Orange 10 50 0 0 1 Lemon 10 50 0 1 1 Cucumber 10 50 6 7 7 Onion 10 50 7 9 10

1. Which hypothesis was probably being tested? A Seeds prefer to grow in soil versus sand. B The more water a seed receives the faster it will germinate. C Different types of seeds germinate at different rates. D Seeds germinate faster in sunlight than in the dark. 2. Which of the following would improve an experiment to compare the rate of seed germination? F using more types of seeds G measuring the length of the plants H adding 100mL of water to each seed J conducting the experiment for a shorter time 3. Which factor would have the LEAST effect on the results? A the amount of light to which the seeds were exposed Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. B the amount of soil used for the seeds C the color of the pots used D the depth the seeds were planted in the soil

Exploring and Classifying Life Trans LS-428-MSS05 5/24/04 12:51 AM Page 5

4 Teaching Modern Classification Chapter Transparency 1 Tursiops Tursiops truncatus Tursiops Genus Species Family Delphinidae Order Cetacea Class Mammalia Phylum Chordata Kingdom Animalia Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Exploring and Classifying Life Trans LS-409-MSS05 5/24/04 2:10 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus Pop Goes the Protist Chapter Transparency 8 One-celled organisms like these Vorticella can be found thriving in ponds. Each individual lives its life attached by its stalk to a rock or other surface. Its only movement is the springing of its coiled stalk.

1. What is the purpose of the tiny hairs that surround the Vorticella’s top? 2. Are these organisms more like plants or animals in the way that they get their food? 3. What might happen when this organism is threatened? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Protists and Fungi Trans LS-409-MSS05 5/24/04 2:11 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus Dig It Chapter Transparency 8 Care for a truffle? Highly prized in Europe as a delicacy, truffles are a rare, fragrant, and flavorful variety of fungi. Because they can grow as much as 30 centimeters underground, people have trained pigs and dogs to hunt them by scent. The rarest truffles can be worth $3,000 per kilogram!

Protists and Fungi Trans LS-409-MSS05 5/24/04 2:12 AM Page 4

Assessment Protists and Fungi Chapter Transparency 8 Directions: Carefully review the table and answer the following questions.

Types of Fungi Type Features Examples Produce spores inside Mushrooms, Club fungi club-shaped basidium toadstools structure

Produce spores inside Mildew, yeast, Sac fungi tiny sacs Dutch-elm disease Produce spores in Zygote fungi cases at top of thin Black mold stalks

Athlete's foot Imperfect fungi Reproduce asexually fungus, ringworm

1. According to the table, which kind of fungus is a mushroom? A club fungus C zygote fungus B sac fungus D imperfect fungus 2. According to the table, the fungus responsible for making bread rise is a ___. F club fungus H zygote fungus G sac fungus J imperfect fungus 3. According to the table, a black fungus growing on old celery is most likely a ___. A club fungus C zygote fungus

Protists and Fungi Trans LS-409-MSS05 5/24/04 2:12 AM Page 3

1 Teaching Protist Kingdom/Amoeba Chapter Transparency 8

Amoeba Dinoflagellate Diatom Slime mold Euglena Paramecium Macroalga

Food vacuole

Cytoplasm Pseudopod

Protists and Fungi Trans LS-430-MSS05 6/1/04 8:03 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus A Lot Can Happen Chapter Transparency in 4,000 Years 17 Bristlecone pines live a very long time. The oldest one is thought to be over 4,600 years old. From the time the pyramids at Giza were built through this very moment, it has lived in a quiet spot in eastern California. Bristlecones are usually found at high altitudes where it is very dry.

1. Looking at the picture, describe the bristlecone pine’s environment. 2. What might some advantages be to the bristlecone’s habitat? What might be disadvantages? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Plants Trans LS-430-MSS05 6/1/04 8:07 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus A Fresh Start Chapter Transparency 17 After a forest fire has burned out, what happens to the barren acres of land? Will lush vegetation ever thrive in these areas again? Probably. In fact, it could even be better than before!

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. 1. What life can you identify in the top picture? 2. What life can you identify in the bottom picture? What function might these first plants serve?

Plants Trans LS-430-MSS05 6/1/04 8:08 AM Page 3

3 Section Focus Rooted in Nature Chapter Transparency 17 Bonsai is an ancient method of growing trees or shrubs in small containers. The plants are kept small by pruning the branches and roots. Because some types of plants used for bonsai can live for more than 100 years, they are passed from generation to generation.

1. What are some advantages to having bonsai plants? What might some disadvantages be?

Plants Trans LS-430-MSS05 6/1/04 8:09 AM Page 5

Assessment Plants Chapter Transparency 17

Directions: Carefully review the table and answer the following questions.

Watering and Plant Growth Plant A Plant B Plant C Plant D Day with watered watered watered no water monthly weekly daily

1 10 cm 11 cm 12 cm 8 cm 5 10 cm 12 cm 13 cm 12 cm 10 10 cm 12 cm 15 cm 18 cm 15 10 cm 13 cm 17 cm 19 cm 20 10 cm 13 cm 20 cm 23 cm 25 10 cm ? 22 cm 27 cm

1. According to the table, which plant was the tallest on Day 5? A Plant A B Plant B C Plant C D Plant D 2. According to the table, which plant grew the most between Day 1 and Day 20? F Plant A H Plant C G Plant B J Plant D 3. If everything remains the same, what is a reasonable prediction for the height of Plant B on Day 25?

Plants Trans LS-430-MSS05 6/1/04 8:09 AM Page 4

3 Teaching Monocots and Dicots Chapter Transparency 17

Monocot Dicot

Vascular Vascular bundles bundle

Plants Trans LS-431-MSS05 5/24/04 2:15 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus It’s a Jungle Out There Chapter Transparency 10 If you traveled from Alaska to Key West, Florida, you would expect to see many different plants. There’s one place, however, where you could see more plants per square kilometer than any place else on Earth—a tropical rain forest.

1. What factors make the rain forest a good environment for plant growth and reproduction? 2. Why are the upper layers of a rain forest so dense, while the lowest levels may be almost bare? 3. Why is the destruction of rain forests an important concern? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Plant Reproduction Trans LS-431-MSS05 5/24/04 2:15 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus It’s Raining, It’s Sporing Chapter Transparency 10 While flowering plants use seeds to reproduce, mosses use a different strategy. As seen below, one part of moss reproduction involves releasing spores into the environment. Each spore is capable of growing into a new plant.

Plant Reproduction Trans LS-431-MSS05 5/24/04 2:17 AM Page 5

Assessment Plant Reproduction Chapter Transparency 10 Directions: Carefully review the diagram and answer the following questions.

Sun

Rain cloud Walnut tree

Walnuts

Wasps Wasps' nest Pond Squirrel Walnuts

1. Which component of the ecosystem above is least likely to aid in germination of the walnuts? A Rain B Squirrel C Wasps D Temperature 2. Which component of the ecosystem shown above is most likely to aid in seed dispersal of the walnut tree? F Rain G Squirrel H Wasps J Sunlight 3. If there were no squirrels in this ecosystem, the ratio of young walnut trees growing far from the main tree to those growing close to the main tree would most likely ___. A increase B stay the same Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. C increase, then decrease D decrease

Plant Reproduction Trans LS-431-MSS05 5/24/04 2:15 AM Page 3

3 Section Focus A Bee’s-Eye View Chapter Transparency 10 A beautiful bright yellow flower you might notice in a field looks different to a bee. Bees can see ultraviolet light. To them the flower includes markings not visible to the human eye. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. 1. How do the bee’s actions benefit the flower? 2. How do the ultraviolet markings help the bee? The flower?

Plant Reproduction Trans LS-431-MSS05 5/24/04 2:16 AM Page 4

2 Teaching Fern Life Cycle Chapter Transparency 10

Spore case

Spore

Young sporophyte growing on gametophyte Spore grows to form prothallus Zygote Female reproductive Egg structure

Sperm

Plant Reproduction Trans LS-432-MSS05 5/24/04 2:37 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus Plant Dormitories Chapter Transparency 11 Conservatories are buildings where fragile and exotic plants can be grown. Conservatories enable people to see and study plants that are not native to their particular area.

1. How do conservatories keep plants healthy? 2. In a conservatory, would you expect arctic plants to be found next Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. to tropical plants? Why or why not?

Plant Processes Trans LS-432-MSS05 5/24/04 2:37 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus A Bright Winter Chapter Transparency 11 Here’s a plant that can add a little color to your winter. It’s called a Christmas cactus, and it blooms in the shorter days of the fall and winter months. Lower temperatures and drier soil also are conditions that help the Christmas cactus bloom at this time of year.

1. If you wanted a Christmas cactus to bloom in October, what would you do? 2. If you lived in Australia, when would your Christmas cactus Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. bloom?

Plant Processes Trans LS-432-MSS05 5/24/04 2:38 AM Page 4

Assessment Plant Processes Chapter Transparency 11 Directions: Carefully review the diagram and answer the following questions.

1. The plant in the diagram above, with light in position X, will most likely ___. A grow toward the light C grow sideways B grow away from the light D stop growing 2. According to this diagram, the light ___. F acts as an internal stimulus G burns the plant’s sensitive stem H acts as an external stimulus J dries out the soil 3. If the plant moves, then it would most likely be reacting to the movement of the light, from position X to position Y, in order Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. to ___. A shade it roots C minimize respiration B absorb more light D minimize phototropism

Plant Processes Trans LS-432-MSS05 5/24/04 2:38 AM Page 3

1 Teaching Leaf Structures Chapter Transparency 11 Cuticle Guard cells Guard Upper Lower epidermis epidermis Spongy layer Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. Palisade layer Palisade

Plant Processes Trans LS-413-MSS05 5/24/04 2:38 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus Mite Get a Bit Ugly Chapter Transparency 12 Scientists divide all living things into six kingdoms. For example, there are different kingdoms for plants, animals, and bacteria. At first, assigning a living thing to a kingdom may seem pretty easy, but sometimes it gets a little tricky. Where do you think this microscopic living thing belongs?

1. Describe the organism in the photo. 2. What are some characteristics that all animals share? Do you think the organism in the photo has these characteristics? 3. Where do you think this organism lives? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Introduction to Animals Trans LS-413-MSS05 5/24/04 2:39 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus Sea-Floor Scrubbers Chapter Transparency 12 What you see here are the remains of a sponge called a Venus’ flower basket. It is a member of a group of sponges that live in very deep water; as a consequence, relatively little is known about them. One interesting fact, though, is that the Venus’ flower basket contains two shrimp in its inner chambers. The trapped shrimp and the sponge help each other survive.

1. What are some uses of sponges? 2. Do you think a sponge is a plant or an animal? Explain.

Introduction to Animals Trans LS-413-MSS05 5/24/04 2:39 AM Page 3

3 Section Focus Round and Round Chapter Transparency Underground 12 This is a microscopic roundworm. It lives in the soil. Some worms can be very destructive to crops, and scientists are finding ways to limit crop damage caused by these harmful roundworms.

1. Some species of roundworms are parasites. What is a parasite? 2. What part of the plant do you think this worm damages?

Introduction to Animals Trans LS-413-MSS05 5/24/04 2:39 AM Page 5

Assessment Introduction to Animals Chapter Transparency 12 Directions: Carefully review the table and answer the following questions.

Animal Statistics Mass Animal Diet Life span (kg) (yrs)

North American up to 193 fruit, nut, 25.0 black bear meat White-tailed twigs, fungi, deer up to 113 grass 16.5

Reindeer up to 180 grass, lichen, 15.0 mushrooms fruit, meat, Coyote up to 23 18.0 insects Mountain lion up to 103 mostly deer 18.0

1. According to the table, a North American black bear weighs about the same as a ___. A mountain lion C reindeer B white tail deer D coyote 2. The animal that has the same life span as a coyote is a ___. F North American black bear H reindeer G white tail deer J mountain lion 3. Which of the following animals mostly eats meat? A White tail deer C North American black bear B Reindeer D Mountain lion Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Introduction to Animals Trans LS-413-MSS05 5/24/04 2:39 AM Page 4

1 Teaching Animal Classification Chapter Transparency 12 Vertebrates Echinoderms Animals Arthropods Annelids Mollusks Invertebrates Roundworms Flatworms Cnidarians Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. Sponges

Introduction to Animals Trans LS-414-MSS05 5/24/04 2:39 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus A Rare Giant Chapter Transparency 13 Giant squids, the world’s largest invertebrates, are quite mysterious creatures. No one has ever seen them in the very deep waters of their preferred habitat. Specimens have, however, been caught in the ocean or found washed on shore.

1. Describe some features of this giant squid. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. 2. What might a squid and a clam have in common? 3. How might living in the ocean help an invertebrate?

Mollusks, Worms, Arthropods, Echinoderms Trans LS-414-MSS05 5/24/04 3:08 PM Page 2

2 Section Focus A Monster from the Deep? Chapter Transparency 13 Below is a close-up of an ice worm, a segmented worm that lives on underwater methane ice mounds, shown on the right. These worms are part of a recently discovered ecosystem 700 meters below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico.

1. How is this animal’s body divided? 2. How is this animal similar to an earthworm?

Mollusks, Worms, Arthropods, Echinoderms Trans LS-414-MSS05 5/24/04 2:40 AM Page 3

3 Section Focus Natural Pest Control Chapter Transparency 13 The name ladybird beetle is commonly used for several different species of beetles. While a few ladybird beetles are harmful to crops, most of these beetles actually eat the pests that damage plants. This means they sometimes can be used instead of chemicals to protect crops.

1. What advantages do ladybird beetles have over chemicals for pest control? 2. Describe the appearance of this beetle. Does it look hard or soft

Mollusks, Worms, Arthropods, Echinoderms Trans LS-414-MSS05 5/24/04 2:41 AM Page 6

Assessment Mollusks, Worms, Arthropods, Chapter Transparency Echinoderms 13 Directions: Carefully review the graph and answer the following questions.

Southern Pine Beetle Infestations 15

5 Infestations Detected (thousands)

0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 Year 1. According to the graph, which year had half the number of infestations that occurred in 1976? A 1993 C 1984 B 1977 D 1991 2. According to the graph, the year that probably had the highest population of southern pine beetles was ___. F 1992 H 1982 G 1976 J 1985 3. According to the graph, which year had twice as many infestations Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. as 1977? A 1986 C 1996 B 1991 D 1987

Mollusks, Worms, Arthropods, Echinoderms Trans LS-414-MSS05 5/24/04 2:40 AM Page 5

2 Teaching Earthworm Anatomy Chapter Transparency 13 Mouth Brain Aortic arches Esophagus Setae Crop Gizzard Intestine Nerve Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Mollusks, Worms, Arthropods, Echinoderms Trans LS-415-MSS05 5/24/04 2:41 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus We Are Family! Chapter Transparency 14 It may not look like it, but all of these animals have something in common. They’re all members of the same group of animals.

Sloth Lancelet

Tunicate

1. Which of these animals do humans most resemble? Explain your answer. 2. How do you think a sloth breathes? How does a lancelet breathe? 3. Do you think sponges belong to this group of animals? Why or Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. why not?

Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles Trans LS-415-MSS05 5/24/04 2:41 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus A Fish Story of Enormous Chapter Transparency Proportion 14 Tales of sea serpents have been around as long as people have sailed the seas. The source of some of these tales may be the oarfish, the largest known bony fish. A deep-water species that is rarely seen, the oarfish can attain a length of 9 m and weights of 300 kg.

1. Why might someone think the oarfish is a sea serpent? 2. What characteristics of the oarfish show it to be a fish? 3. Do you think the oarfish eats plants? Why or why not? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles Trans LS-415-MSS05 5/24/04 2:41 AM Page 3

3 Section Focus Sing at Your Own Risk Chapter Transparency 14 When male mud-puddle frogs sing for the females, bats sometimes listen in. The bats can use the sound to locate—and eat—the frogs. This is a natural event that helps maintain a stable frog population. However, the worldwide population of frogs is declining.

1. What kind of environment do frogs live in? 2. Why might frogs be especially sensitive to pollution in the air and water? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles Trans LS-415-MSS05 5/24/04 2:42 AM Page 6

Assessment Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles Chapter Transparency 14 Directions: Carefully review the maps and answer the following questions.

N N

Acris gryllus (southern cricket frog) Acris crepitans (northern cricket frog) Rana heckscheri (river frog) Pseudacris ocularis (little grass frog)

1. How many of the species of frogs shown on the maps live in Florida? A 1 C 3 B 2 D 4 2. According to the maps, the species of frog that occupies the largest area is ______. F Acris crepitans H Pseudacris ocularis G Acris gryllus J Rana heckscheri 3. According to the maps, the frog with the habitat that includes the most coastline is ______. A northern cricket frog C little grass frog B southern cricket frog D river frog Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles Trans LS-415-MSS05 5/24/04 2:42 AM Page 5

4 Teaching Amniotic Egg Chapter Transparency 14

Embryo

Shell

Yolk sac

Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles Trans LS-416-MSS05 5/24/04 3:04 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus A Long Flight Chapter Transparency 15 Albatrosses are among the largest flying birds. They are able to ride the ocean winds in such a way that they can stay aloft for hours without flapping their wings. Albatrosses spend between five and ten years at sea before returning to shore to mate for the first time.

1. Describe the albatross pictured. How is it similar to other birds? 2. What might albatrosses eat? 3. What adaptations enable birds to fly? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Birds and Mammals Trans LS-416-MSS05 5/24/04 3:05 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus Romp with the Otters Chapter Transparency 15 Sea otters are playful marine mammals. One of the few nonpri- mates to use tools, sea otters often balance rocks on their stomachs to crack open shellfish. This once endangered species is now protected and increasing in numbers.

1. What other mammals live in the ocean? 2. How are otters and fish similar? How are they different?

Birds and Mammals Trans LS-416-MSS05 5/24/04 3:06 AM Page 4

Assessment Birds and Mammals Chapter Transparency 15

Directions: Carefully review the table and answer the following questions.

Whale Species Information Present Length Weight Species population Endangered (m) (t) x 1,000 Blue 23–24 110–150 14 yes Bowhead 15–18 60–80 7.8 yes Gray 13–14 30–40 21 yes Minke 9–11 20–30 N/A no Killer 7–9 4–6 N/A no Sei 12–17 20–30 54 yes Sperm 16–18 15–20 1,950 yes

1. According to the information in the table, which whale is the longest? A Minke C Sperm B Bowhead D Blue 2. Based on this information, which is a reasonable conclusion to make about killer whales? F They don’t swim as quickly as the bowhead. G They must be short and heavy. H They only eat sea plants. J They must be sleek and thin. 3. The two whales listed in the table that are the most different in size Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. are the ___. A blue and minke C killer and minke B blue and killer D blue and bowhead

Birds and Mammals Trans LS-416-MSS05 5/24/04 3:06 AM Page 3

1 Teaching Hollow Bones of Birds Chapter Transparency 15 A bird does not Tail have a bony tail. Hollow leg bone Hollow leg bone Leg bone Leg bone Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. Sternum The sternum has a structure called a keel, which is where flight muscles attach.

Birds and Mammals Trans LS-417-MSS05 5/24/04 3:06 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus What Cold Front? Chapter Transparency 16 Adults of many species know how to care for and protect their young without being taught. Animals are born knowing some behaviors, but they learn many others.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. 1. How do the adult penguins know how to warm a chick? 2. Name some behaviors you have learned. Name one behavior you were born with.

Animal Behavior Trans LS-417-MSS05 5/24/04 3:06 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus Jump Back! Chapter Transparency 16 The snow leopard, which is sometimes called an ounce, is on the endangered species list. Found mainly in the mountains of Asia, the snow leopard tends to live alone. Though snow leopards are solitary animals, they still must interact with other snow leopards as well as with other species.

1. How would you describe this animal’s behavior?

Animal Behavior Trans LS-417-MSS05 5/24/04 3:07 AM Page 4

Assessment Animal Behavior Chapter Transparency 16 Directions: Carefully review the table and answer the following questions.

Fall Bird Migration–Long Island (New York) Approximate Approximate Bird arrival date departure date Oldsquaw November 1 April 1 Sanderling August 1 October 1 White-winged September 1 May 1 scoter Yellow-crowned July 1 November 1 night heron

1. Which two birds have the greatest chance of not encountering one another in the Long Island Sound area? A Sanderling and white-winged scoter B Sanderling and yellow-crowned night heron C Oldsquaw and white-winged scoter D Oldsquaw and yellow-crowned night heron 2. The bird that remains in the Long Island Sound area for the shortest period of time is the ___. F white-winged scoter G oldsquaw H sanderling J yellow-crowned night heron 3. The bird that remains in the Long Island Sound area for the Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. longest period of time is the ___. A white-winged scoter C sanderling B oldsquaw D yellow-crowned night heron

Animal Behavior Trans LS-417-MSS05 5/24/04 3:07 AM Page 3

Animal Behavior Trans ES-514-MSS05 5/29/04 1:02 PM Page 1

1 Section Focus Cosmic Impact Chapter Transparency 4 You might think you have to live on the Moon to find a large impact crater such as the one in this photo. Not so. This impact crater in Australia is one of the world’s largest. However, unlike the Moon where impact craters are quite common, impact craters on Earth are pretty rare.

1. What does a meteor shower look like? What do you think is happening in a meteor shower? 2. Why is the surface of the Moon struck by objects from space so much more frequently than the surface of Earth? 3. What effect do you think the impact of the meteorite shown above had on the atmosphere? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Atmosphere Trans ES-514-MSS05 5/29/04 1:02 PM Page 2

2 Section Focus Full of Hot Air Chapter Transparency 4 Ready for a hot air balloon ride? First, the hot air balloon must be spread out on the ground. Second, the pilot must fill it with hot air. Then, the hot air balloon will rise. Finally, it’s up, up, and away!

1. Why does a balloon filled with hot air rise?

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. 2. How do you think a pilot controls the altitude of a hot air balloon? 3. What atmosphere conditions might affect the flight of a hot air balloon?

Atmosphere Trans ES-514-MSS05 6/1/04 9:34 AM Page 3

3 Section Focus The Growth of a Mountain Chapter Transparency 4 Did you know that Mount Everest, the world’s highest point, is two meters higher than previously thought? Researchers on a 1999 expedition sponsored by the National Geographic Society used sophisticated satellite equipment to measure the peak’s height. They found the elevation to be 8,850 m (29,035 feet), instead of 8,848 m (29,028 feet)—a measurement that had been accepted since 1954.

1. In general, what do you think conditions are like at the top of Mount Everest compared to the base? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. 2. What causes the plume coming off the summit of Mount Everest? 3. How do winds affect air travel?

Atmosphere Trans ES-514-MSS05 5/29/04 1:03 PM Page 5

Assessment Atmosphere Chapter Transparency 4 Directions: Carefully review the diagram and answer the following questions.

Condensation Precipitation

Evaporation

1. The water in the lake evaporated in response to ___. A the Sun C the clouds B the wind D precipitation 2. Which of these facts best explains why water vapor condenses back into water drops? F Sunlight heats the water, causing it to turn into vapor. G Water vapor rises into the air and then cools again, forming clouds. H Rain falls back onto the ground from the clouds. J The water cycle needs the Sun. 3. Many types of chemicals are dumped into lakes and rivers from large factories. This practice could affect the environment by ___. A decreasing the amount of rain Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. B decreasing the water level in lakes C increasing the temperature of the air D increasing the amount of pollution in rain

Atmosphere Trans ES-514-MSS05 6/1/04 9:45 AM Page 4

2 Teaching Heat Transfer Chapter Transparency 4 Cooler air pushes Cooler air upward, warm a creating current. convection The air near The Earth's surface by is heated conduction. Radiation warms warms Radiation the surface. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Atmosphere Trans ES-515-MSS05 5/29/04 1:10 PM Page 1

1 Section Focus Valley Mist Chapter Transparency 5 This Chinese painting depicts a mountain and valley scene. Mountains with fog hanging in the valleys are common elements in this style of painting.

1. What do you think the weather in this picture is like? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. 2. Describe how fog or mist feels. 3. How are fog and clouds similar?

Weather Trans ES-515-MSS05 5/29/04 1:16 PM Page 2

2 Section Focus Cloud Walking Chapter Transparency 5 If you’ve ever hiked up a mountain, you may have noticed that it is often cooler at higher elevations. Sometimes, however, the air at the top of a mountain is noticeably warmer than the air at the bottom. The warm air traps the colder surface air.

1. How can you tell that there is not a lot of air movement in this picture? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. 2. What will happen when the Sun warms the lower air? 3. What would happen if there were pollutants near the ground?

Weather Trans ES-515-MSS05 5/29/04 1:32 PM Page 3

3 Section Focus Whither wanders the Chapter Transparency weather? 5 For many people, knowing what the weather will be like is important. Farmers schedule planting, irrigation, or harvesting based on weather conditions. Weather can change travel schedules or even make travel unsafe. Many people like to know whether they should carry an umbrella.

1. Which of these items would you use if you wanted to know how Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. much snow fell last night? Which item displays the path of a storm? 2. How has weather prediction changed in the last century?

Weather Trans ES-515-MSS05 5/29/04 1:33 PM Page 5

Assessment Weather Chapter Transparency 5 Directions: Carefully review the table and answer the following questions.

Three Main Cloud Shapes Name Height Shape Type of weather fair weather Stratus low smooth layers or precipitation fair weather Cumulus mid-high puffy masses or thunderstorms

Cirrus high feathery or curly fair weather

1. The table provides information about the ___. A discovery of clouds C color of clouds B shape of clouds D approximate weight of clouds 2. According to the table, which types of clouds occur when it is raining? F Cirrus and Cumulus H Stratus and Cirrus G Stratus and Cumulus J Cirrus only 3. Tony and Brian noticed that there seemed to be more cumulus clouds in the afternoon than in the morning. Which of the following information should they add to the table above to BEST test this hypothesis? A time of day when clouds are seen B how many clouds appear in the sky C the direction the clouds moved D which season generally has the most clouds Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Weather Trans ES-515-MSS05 5/29/04 1:33 PM Page 4

3 Teaching Weather Map Chapter Transparency 5

▲ ▲

▲

1024 ▲ 1016 ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ HIGH ▲ ▲ ▲

Legend ▲ Cold front Cold front Warm Stationary front Isobar Precipitation ▲

▲

1016

▲ -4 244

Columbia

-8

134 ▲

1024 ▲ 1008

LOW

75 84

Miami

-20 125 1032 Nashville LOW

HIGH ▲ ▲ ▲ 76 ▲ 79 ▲ ▲

1008 1000 074

+26 ▲ 1024

▲

+10

227

54 +16

269 ▲

▲

35 41

▲ 1032

HIGH ▲ 217 -6 HIGH Springfield

Duluth ▲

71 Little Rock 68

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Dallas ▲

LOW

183▲ 1016

+0 ▲

76 57 1016 1024 Tucson Denver 1024 HIGH 172

-4

▲ 89 28 LOW LOW 1008 ▲ 1016

▲ Portland

194

▲ 130 +2

+4 ▲ 76 75

▲ 67

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HIGH 1024 1000 1008 1016 1024

Weather Trans ES-516-MSS05 6/1/04 6:16 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus City Heat Chapter Transparency 6 Have you ever gone from the country into a city and noticed that the temperature felt warmer? Streets lined with buildings and large asphalt parking lots can actually have an effect on the temperature. The map below shows heat levels in different parts of a large city. Reds and yellows show where the temperatures are higher, and blues and greens show cooler temperatures.

1. What areas of this picture are hot? What areas are cooler? 2. What features might you find in the red areas? What different characteristics would you expect to find in the blue and green areas? 3. If you were planning a city, what features would you include? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Climate Trans ES-516-MSS05 6/1/04 6:17 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus Where are we? Chapter Transparency 6 You can drive around this place in just a few hours, but as you ride, you travel through many different climates. Cool mountains, dry deserts, tropical rainforests, and brilliant beaches are all just around the corner. So where are we?

1. Describe the climates you see in these four pictures. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. 2. How is it possible to have snow close to a desert? 3. In general, what physical features do you think affect climate?

Climate Trans ES-516-MSS05 6/1/04 6:19 AM Page 3

3 Section Focus Informative Fruit Chapter Transparency 6 Up-to-the minute weather and climate information is used to plan a day’s events or to know when to take cover from a storm. However, information about Earth’s past climate is also very useful to scientists. Ice cores, fossils, and sediments provide a lot of data about the climate long ago, but what about grapes? One study used the recorded dates of the French grape harvest to infer summer temperatures in Paris between 1370 and 1879!

Climate Trans ES-516-MSS05 6/1/04 6:21 AM Page 5

Assessment Climate Chapter Transparency 6 Directions: Carefully review the picture and answer the following questions.

1. Which organism can probably most efficiently handle being exposed to the sunlight and heat? A cactus B girl C lizard D snake 2. The most likely benefit of a desert snake’s behavioral adaptation as shown in the picture is to ___. F keep it cool during the day G hide from predators H surprise attack its prey J get enough rest 3. When a human’s body temperature rises too high, the body produces sweat. Which of these is most likely the main purpose of this structural adaptation? A To clean the body of dirt Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. B To cure illness C To save energy D To cool the body

Climate Trans ES-516-MSS05 6/1/04 10:34 AM Page 4

2 Teaching Climate Classification System Chapter Transparency 6 S ° 30 Highlands Uplands Tundra Icecap S ° Polar High Elevation 60 60 S ° 90 Semiarid Arid Warm summer Cool summer Subarctic Dry Continental Tropical wet Tropical wet & dry Marine west coast Mediterranean Humid subtropical Mild Tropical N ° 90 N ° 60 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. N ° 30 ° 0

Climate Trans PS-655-MSS05 6/1/04 8:46 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus Zot! Chapter Transparency 24 Lightning is a natural electrical spark. Sometimes the lightning we see goes from the clouds to the ground, but lightning also travels within a single cloud and between two clouds.

1. When do you most often see lightning?

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. 2. Since lightning is a form of electricity, do you think it could be used by people to run appliances? Why or why not?

Energy and Energy Resources Trans PS-655-MSS05 6/1/04 8:47 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus Burning Light Chapter Transparency 24 You’ve probably heard a lot about lasers, but do you know what they really are? The word laser stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Lasers take incoming energy and transform it into a focused beam of light.

1. How is this laser being used?

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. 2. How does light from this laser appear to differ from light from a lamp? 3. How are lasers used in the entertainment industry?

Energy and Energy Resources Trans PS-655-MSS05 6/1/04 8:48 AM Page 3

3 Section Focus A Fuming Fuel Chapter Transparency 24 Peat is a fuel that is burned for heat. Formed by layers of partially decayed plants, heated and compressed over millions of years, peat is cut from vast swamps, dried, and used as an energy source. It has a very pungent odor.

1. What might be some disadvantages of using peat to heat a home? 2. Could you burn peat immediately after it is cut from the ground? Why or why not? 3. What other sources of energy can you name? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Energy and Energy Resources Trans PS-655-MSS05 6/1/04 8:49 AM Page 5

Assessment Energy and Energy Resources Chapter Transparency 24 Directions: Carefully review the diagrams and answer the following questions.

A B C D

Ramp 1 Ramp 2

1. In the diagram of Ramp 1, at which spot does the car have the most potential energy? A A B B C C D D 2. The energy transformation that is occurring as the car rolls down Ramp 1 is ___. F kinetic energy to potential energy G chemical energy to kinetic energy H potential energy to kinetic energy J electrical energy to potential energy 3. The diagram shows a second ramp next to Ramp 1. If the car is allowed to roll down from the top of Ramp 2 it will probably ___. A roll further away from Ramp 2 than it did from Ramp 1 B stop at the bottom of Ramp 2 C have no kinetic energy at the bottom of Ramp 2 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. D stop in the middle of Ramp 2

Energy and Energy Resources Trans PS-655-MSS05 6/1/04 8:48 AM Page 4

3 Teaching Energy Transformations Chapter Transparency 24 5. Electrical energy out of generator 4. Kinetic energy of turbine of steam 3. Kinetic energy of water 2. Thermal energy of atoms Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. 1. Nuclear energy

Energy and Energy Resources Trans PS-663-MSS05 5/29/04 10:58 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus Coping with Winter Chapter Transparency 21 Japanese macaques are one of the few species of primates that can live outside of the tropics. These macaques live on Honshu Island in Japan.

1. What do you think the air temperature is like in this photo? What is the water temperature like? 2. What do you think might explain the water’s temperature?

Thermal Energy Trans PS-663-MSS05 5/29/04 10:58 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus Hot Times Chapter Transparency 21 The image below was made with heat sensitive camera on a cool day. The colors show thermal energy escaping from this building. The color green indicates the coolest areas of the building while the color white shows the warmest. Purple, red, and yellow respresent the stages from green to white.

1. From which parts of the house is the most thermal energy escaping? 2. In what ways might the information from the photo be useful? 3. How do you feel if you sit in the shade on a sunny day? How do you feel in the sun? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Thermal Energy Trans PS-663-MSS05 5/29/04 10:58 AM Page 3

3 Section Focus From Sun Up till Sun Down Chapter Transparency 21 This racecar looks very different from the ones we are used to see- ing. It not only looks different, it sounds different, and it uses a different type of power. This is a solar-powered racecar that was built by college students for competitions like the World Solar Challenge in Australia, as shown below.

1. What kind of engine usually powers cars? What type of fuel do these engines use? 2. In what ways do you think a solar-powered car and a car you see on the street are different? In what ways are they similar? 3. What advantages does solar power offer? Disadvantages? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Thermal Energy Trans PS-663-MSS05 5/29/04 10:59 AM Page 5

Assessment Thermal Energy Chapter Transparency 21 Directions: Carefully review the table and answer the following questions.

Types of Heat Transfer Type Example Transfer method Conduction stove heating a pan particle collision particle movement Forced convection furnace fan from area to area particle movement Natural convection boiling water from area to area electromagnetic Radiation Sun waves

1. According to the table all of these types of heat transfer involve particles in motion EXCEPT ___. A conduction C natural convection B forced convection D radiation 2. Rowena is studying outside on a sunny day. She notices she feels warmer. The Sun is most likely transferring heat to Rowena by ___. F forced convection H natural convection G radiation J conduction 3. According to the table, heating a pot of water on a stove until it boils would demonstrate ___. A conduction and forced convection B radiation and conduction C natural convection and conduction D natural convection and forced convection Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Thermal Energy Trans PS-639-MSS05 5/29/04 10:51 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus Weighted Down Chapter Transparency 20 A heavy backpack can be a load to carry. Just lifting it can take a lot of effort, but it’s easier to take it off your back.

1. What forces are acting on the backpack? 2. Compare the direction the backpack moves when it is lifted by the girl with the direction it moves when the girl is walking. 3. Why is it easier to lower something down than it is to lift it up? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Work and Simple Machines Trans PS-639-MSS05 5/29/04 10:51 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus The Puck Stops Here Chapter Transparency 20 If you’ve ever tried to walk or run on ice, you know how difficult it can be. Because ice can be so slippery, hockey players on skates can move quickly, making hockey a fast and exciting sport.

1. Why do you sometimes slip when you step onto a patch of ice on the sidewalk? 2. Why can a hockey player move faster than a runner? 3. When a player takes a shot, is work being done on the puck? Explain. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Work and Simple Machines Trans PS-639-MSS05 5/29/04 10:51 AM Page 3

3 Section Focus Useful? Chapter Transparency 20 A Rube Goldberg contraption uses comically complex methods to perform a fairly simple task. In this case, more effort is expended on the machine than it would take to simply do the job.

1. What do you think this contraption is supposed to do? 2. Do machines usually increase or decrease the amount of effort involved in accomplishing a task? Explain. 3. What parts of this machine could really work? Which parts wouldn’t work so well? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Work and Simple Machines Trans PS-639-MSS05 5/29/04 10:51 AM Page 5

Assessment Work and Simple Machines Chapter Transparency 20 Directions: Carefully review the graph and answer the following questions.

100

Engine 4 70

60 Engine 2 Engine 3 50 Engine 1

40 Efficiency (Percentage) 30

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 Hours of Operation

1. According to the graph, which engine is initially the most efficient? A Engine 1 B Engine 2 C Engine 3 D Engine 4 2. According to the graph, the engine that most likely will require the

Work and Simple Machines Trans PS-639-MSS05 5/29/04 10:51 AM Page 4

2 Teaching Schematic Depiction of a Chapter Transparency Machine 20 Small force long distance applied over a force Increases Force distance in the opposite direction applied over same Large force short distance applied over a of force Changes direction Large force short distance applied over a Force applied over same distance force Increases Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc. Small force long distance applied over a

Work and Simple Machines Trans PS-644-MSS05 6/5/04 3:00 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus A Spritely Vision Chapter Transparency 22 The lightning that we usually see is below the clouds, but there is activity high above the clouds, too. These events have some pretty fanciful names, like sprites, elves, and blue jets. This photo shows the red flash of a sprite, which sometimes occurs during thunderstorms.

1. What is lightning? 2. How does this sprite appear similar to lightning? Different?

Electricity Trans PS-644-MSS05 6/5/04 3:00 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus Go with the Flow! Chapter Transparency 22 Highways in heavily used areas are designed with many lanes to keep traffic moving, but sometimes it doesn’t work.

1. Describe what is happening in the picture. What would traffic be like if there were the same number of cars but fewer lanes? What would traffic be like if there were the same number of cars but twice as many lanes? 2. How might the flow of traffic on a road be like the flow of electricity in a wire? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Electricity Trans PS-644-MSS05 6/5/04 3:01 AM Page 3

3 Section Focus In the Chips Chapter Transparency 22 A few decades ago, a single computer was the size of a classroom. Today’s laptops, however, are smaller, faster, and have more memory. Much of this change is due to the development of microcircuits like the silicon chip in this photo.

1. Micro means small or minute. What advantages do very small circuits offer? 2. List three things that you use every day that have a circuit. 3. Which items in your home do you think use the most electricity? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Electricity Trans PS-644-MSS05 6/5/04 3:02 AM Page 5

Assessment Electricity Chapter Transparency 22 Directions: Carefully review the table and answer the following questions.

Approximate Cost of Electricity for Some Appliances

Appliance Wattage Average daily Approximate use (hours) cost per month Air cleaner 35 24 $2.00 Box fan 100 24 $5.75 Clothes dryer 5,000 1/2 $6.00 Color TV 6 $1.05 (19 inch) 70 Personal 8 $2.90 computer 150 Laser printer 70 2 $0.30

1. Which of the listed appliances costs the most to operate each month? A Box fan C Clothes dryer B Personal computer D Color TV 2. According to the table, if two appliances are used for the same number of hours, the one with higher wattage will cost ___. F more to operate H the same to operate G less to operate J can’t answer from table 3. The color TV costs more to operate than the laser printer because ___. A the wattage of the color TV is higher

Electricity Trans PS-644-MSS05 6/5/04 3:01 AM Page 4

Electricity Trans PS-645-MSS05 6/5/04 3:05 AM Page 1

1 Section Focus Will he stick to the Chapter Transparency refrigerator? 23 These fish are rainbow trout. Recently, scientists discovered that rainbow trout have tiny amounts of magnetic material in cells in their noses. The researchers don’t know exactly how the trout use the magnetic material, but they think it might help the trout navigate.

1. Do you think the magnetic material in the trout’s nose makes a strong magnet? Why or why not? 2. What kind of material does a magnet stick to? 3. Where do you encounter magnets in your everyday life? Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Magnetism Trans PS-645-MSS05 6/5/04 3:06 AM Page 2

2 Section Focus Heavy Duty Chapter Transparency 23 In a salvage yard it is necessary to move large amounts of scrap material. One way to do this is with a powerful magnet such as the magnet shown in the picture.

1. What does all the scrap material that the magnet can pick up have in common? 2. Would the magnet also be able to pick up old car seats or wind-

Magnetism Trans PS-645-MSS05 6/5/04 3:06 AM Page 4

Assessment Magnetism Chapter Transparency 23 Directions: Carefully review the graph and answer the following questions.

Sunspot Activity 200

150

100

50 Number of Sunspots

1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 Year

1. According to the graph, what year had the greatest number of sunspots? A 1948 C 1965 B 1958 D 1980 2. Which year experienced the fewest sunspots? F 1954 H 1976 G 1964 J 1983 3. What is the approximate length of time between points of low sunspot activity? A 1 year C 11 years B 5 years D 20 years Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright Companies, a division of The McGraw-Hill Inc.

Magnetism Trans PS-645-MSS05 6/5/04 3:06 AM Page 3

2 Teaching Principle of an Electric Chapter Transparency Generator 23 Electron flow

Magnetism