Program Puebla, México

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Program Puebla, México WFSC LAGC - SMRB THIRD WORLD CONGRESS OF CHRONOBIOLOGY Program Puebla, México. May 5 to 9, 2011 1 May 6 (Fri) Main Hall 8:30 - Symposium 1. 10:30 Molecular and Network Properties of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Chairpersons: Sato Honma (Japan) and Rae Silver (USA). S1.1 Cellular rhythms and neural networks in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus. Sato Honma. S1.2 Phosphatase in suprachiamatic nucleus, PHLPP1/SCOP, controls period change after light- induced phase shift, ‘After-Effect of Phase-Shift’. Satoru Masubuchi. S1.3 Explorations of the circuit structure of the SCN. Rae Silver. S1.4 Regional period difference that generates a phase gradient in the mammalian circadian center. Yasufumi Shigeyoshi. S1.5 From Nodes to Networks in the Mammalian Circadian System. Erik D. Herzog. Movie Theater 8:30 - Symposium 2. 10:30 New insights in the circadian mechanisms regulating food anticipation. Chairperson: Etienne Challet (France). S2.1 Circadian clocks for all mealtimes: Anticipation of multiple daily meals in rats and mice. Ralph Mistlberger. S2.2 It is possible to anticipate to pheromones? A study in newborn rabbits fed by enteral nutrition. Ivette Caldelas. S2.3 Relationship between the Food-Entrainable Oscillator (FEO) and Methamphetamine Sensitive Circadian Oscillator (MASCO). Michael Menaker. S2.4 Food entrainment of peripheral clocks evaluated by in vivo imaging. Yu Tahara. Virtual Room 8:30 - Symposium 3. 10:30 Role of circadian clocks in fitness and adaptation. Chairperson: Amita Shegal (USA). S3.1 Circadian clocks support health by orchestrating removal of oxidative damage. Jaga Giebultowicz. S3.3 Brood-related plasticity in circadian rhythms of bumble bee queens. Guy Bloch. 2 S3.2 The SCN neuronal network and its adaptation to temporal challenges. Horacio de la Iglesia. S3.4. Diurnal activity in a small desert rodent: mechanisms, adaptations and constraints. Noga Kronfeld-Schor. 10:30 - 11:00 Coffee Break (Terrace). Main Hall 11:00 - Historical Lecture. 11:30 Localization of Function: A Brief History of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Robert Y. Moore. 11:30 - Plenary Lecture. 12:30 Intramolecular feedback of KaiC ATPase is the basic pacemaker of circadian clock in cyanobacteria. Takao Kondo. 12:30 - 15:00 Lunch. Virtual Room 15:00 - Symposium 4. 17:00 Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the Drosophila circadian system. Chairpersons: Norio Ishida and Kenji Tomioka (Japan). S4.1 NEMO kinase contributes to core period determination by slowing the pace of the Drosophila circadian oscillator. Paul Hardin. S4.2 Circadian rhythm of Drosophila behavior; different brain-sites required for locomotor and courtship. Norio Ishida. S4.3 A possible synaptic transmission involved in the Drosophila circadian clock. Kenji Tomioka. S4.4 The consequence of arrhythmicity in the German cockroach. How-Jing Lee. Movie Theater 15:00 - Symposium 5. 17:00 Nonphotic Entrainment in Mammals. Chairperson: Roberto Refinetti (USA). S5.1 On the Social Regulation of Circadian Timekeeping. William J. Schwartz. 3 S5.2 Entrainment by food restriction. Jorge Mendoza. S5.3 Entrainment of circadian rhythms by cycles of ambient temperature in mammals. Roberto Refinetti. S5.4 Brain reward: stimulation for nonphotic phase regulation or just a good time? J. David Glass. Main Hall 15:00 - Symposium 6. 17:00 A time to heal: cross-talk between the immune and the circadian systems. Chairperson: Ruud Buijs (México). S6.1 Photoperiodic control of innate and adaptive immunity. Brian Pendergast. S6.2 Dysregulation of Inflammatory Responses by Chronic Circadian Disruption. Alec Davidson. S6.3 Laborious Phase Shifting (LPS): following the pathways of immune-circadian communication. Diego Golombek. S6.4 The circadian clock controls the response of T cells to antigen.Nicolas Cermakian. S6.5 Time of infection determines the response of the innate and adaptive immune system. Natali Nadia Guerrero. 17:00 - 19:00 Poster Session 4 May 7 (Sat) Movie Theater 8:30 - Symposium 7. 10:30 Neuropeptides and Circadian Rhythms. Chairperson: Hugh Piggins (UK). S7.1 Role of the neuropeptide VIP in the mammalian circadian system. Chris Colwell. S7.2 Neuropeptide modulation of the intracellular calcium concentration of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons. Charles Allen. S7.3 Heterogeneous and novel electrophysiological actions of orexin-A on circadian clock neurons in mice. Mino Belle. S7.4 Neuropeptides derived from clock-controlled genes as mediating signals for the output of suprachiasmatic clock. Qun-Yong Zhou. Virtual Room 8:30 - Symposium 8. 10:30 Entrainment of the Circadian Clocks during Development. Chairperson: Alena Sumova (Czech Republic). S8.1 Entrainment of the circadian clocks along ontogenesis. Alena Sumova. S8.2 Maternal melatonin, a chronobiotic for fetal circadian clocks. Maria Seron-Ferre. S8.3 The developing pacemaker: sensitive but resilient. Fred Davis. S8.4 The rabbit pup, a natural model of food entrainment. Mario Caba. Main Hall 8:30 - Symposium 9. 10:30 Clock control of glucose metabolism. Chairperson: Andries Kalsbeek (The Netherlands). S9.1 Circadian system and its disruption; effects on glucose metabolism in humans. Frank Scheer. S9.2 The metabolic clockwork. Akhilesh Reddy. 5 S9.3 Circadian clocks in adipose tissue. Jeffrey Gimble. S9.4 Hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in the SCN control of hepatic glucose production. Andries Kalsbeek. 10:30 - 11:00 Coffee Break (Terrace). Main Hall 11:00 - Historical Lecture. 11:30 History of Chronobiological Societies-Chronobiologists are always looking for the best friend. Ken-ichi Honma. 11:30 - Plenary Lecture. 12:30 Physiological and metabolic adaptations associated to daytime food synchronization in rat. Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz. 12:30 - 15:00 Lunch. Virtual Room 15:00 - Symposium 10. 17:00 Retina and Peripheral Clocks. Chairpersons: Mario Eduardo Guido (Argentina) and Ana Maria Castrucci (Brazil). S10.1 Light responses in peripheral tissues: how do things change following evolution in perpetual darkness? David Whitmore. S10.2 Early-stage retinal melatonin synthesis impairment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Daniella C. Buonfiglio. S10.3 Circadian Oscillators in Retinal Ganglion Cells. Light and Dopamine Regulation and Intrinsic Photoreceptive Capacity. Mario Eduardo Guido. S10.4 Fish, amphibian and avian cells as peripheral clocks: a comparative approach to study melanopsin signaling and regulation of clock genes. Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci. Main Hall 15:00 - Symposium 11. 17:00 Seasonal timing of Reproduction in Vertebrates. Chairperson: Valerie Simonneaux (France). S11.1 Tanycytes and RFamides, the new players in seasonal reproduction. Paul Klosen. 6 S11.2 CNS Sites of Melatonin Action for Reproductive and Body Fat Responses in Siberian Hamsters. Timothy J. Bartness. S11.3 Acute Induction of Eya3 by late-night light stimulation triggers Tshβ expression in photoperiodism. Hiroki R. Ueda. S11.4 Photoperiod and the male effect can be used to control the reproductive activity in subtropical goats. Jose Alberto Delgadillo. Movie Theater 15:00 - Symposium 12. 17:00 The pathology of desynchronization. Chairperson: Roberto Salgado-Delgado (México). S12.1 Desynchrony as a tool to investigate the role of the human circadian system in physiology and pathophysiology. Frank Scheer. S12.2 Desynchronized Circadian Rhythms: Bow to the Master. Horacio de la Iglesia. S12.3 Food as chronotherapy to ameliorate the adaptation to a new time zone. Manuel Angeles-Castellanos. S12.4 Nightwork leads to obesity and diabetes: a rat model of nightwork uncovers internal desynchrony at the level of the hypothalamus and within the liver. Roberto Salgado-Delgado. 17:00 - 19:00 Poster Session Virtual Room 18:00 - 19:00 WFSC Business Meeting 7 May 8 (Sun) Movie Theater 8:30 - Symposium 13. 10:30 Physiological correlates and mechanisms of circadian brain oscillators beyond the SCN. Chairperson: Oscar Castanon (EUA). S13.1 Daily rhythms in olfactory discrimination depend on clock genes, but not the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Daniel Granados. S13.2 The cerebellum; a circadian oscillator synchronized by food. Jorge Mendoza. S13.3 Dopaminergic modulation of clock mechanisms. Suzanne Hood. S13.4 Putative circadian oscillators in the epithalamus and hypothalamus. Hugh Piggins. Main Hall 8:30 - Symposium 14. 10:30 The Importance of Being Entrained. Chairperson: Martha Merrow (The Netherlands). S14.1 The consequences of dys-entrainment. Till Roenneberg. S14.2 On the evolution of Drosophila blue light photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME and its relation to the visual system. Gabriella M. Mazzotta. S14.3 The early worm catches the light (and the heat): circadian entrainment in C. elegans. Diego Golombek. S14.4 Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) regulates period length and phase resetting of the mammalian circadian clock. Urs Albrecht. Virtual Room 8:30 - Symposium 15.The mammalian circadian timing system: Hormonal key 10:30 mechanisms involved in organization and coordination of central and peripheral clocks. Chairperson: Paul Pévet (France). S15.1 HSD3B1: a new enzyme linking circadian clock and hypertension. Hitoshi Okamura. 8 S15.2 Physiology of the adrenal circadian clock. Henrik Oster. S15.3 Glucocorticoid regulation of clock gene expression in the mammalian brain. Lauren Segall. S15.4 Melatonin, an endocrine output of the central clock involved in the regulation of human circadian rhythms. Bruno Claustrat. 10:30 - 11:00 Coffee Break (Terrace). Main Hall 11:00 - Historical Lecture. 11:30 Persistent, Endogenous, Innate, Precise: On the early history of some key concepts
Recommended publications
  • Chronic Hyperaldosteronism in Cryptochrome-Null Mice Induces High-Salt- and Blood Pressure- Independent Kidney Damage in Mice
    Hypertension Research (2014) 37, 202–209 & 2014 The Japanese Society of Hypertension All rights reserved 0916-9636/14 www.nature.com/hr ORIGINAL ARTICLE Chronic hyperaldosteronism in Cryptochrome-null mice induces high-salt- and blood pressure- independent kidney damage in mice Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih1, Noriaki Emoto1,2, Nicolas Vignon-Zellweger2, Eko Purnomo1, Keiko Yagi2, Kazuhiko Nakayama1,2, Masao Doi3, Hitoshi Okamura3 and Ken-ichi Hirata1 Although aldosterone has an essential role in controlling electrolyte and body fluid homeostasis, aldosterone also exerts certain pathological effects on the kidney. Several previous studies have attempted to examine these deleterious effects. However, the majority of these studies were performed using various injury models, including high-salt treatment and/or mineralocorticoid administration, by which the kidney changes observed were not only due to aldosterone but also due to prior injury caused by salt and hypertension. In the present study, we investigated aldosterone’s pathological effect on the kidney using a mouse model with a high level of endogenous aldosterone. We used cryptochrome-null (Cry 1, 2 DKO) mice characterized by high aldosterone levels and low plasma renin activity and observed that even under normal salt exposure conditions, these mice showed increased albumin excretion and kidney tubular injury, decreased nephrin expression and increased reactive oxygen species production in the absence of hypertension. Exposure to high salt levels exacerbated the kidney damage observed in these mice. Moreover, we noted that decreasing blood pressure without blocking aldosterone action did not provide beneficial effects to the kidney in high-salt-treated Cry 1, 2 DKO mice. Thus, our findings support the hypothesis that aldosterone has deleterious effects on the kidney independent of high-salt exposure and high blood pressure.
    [Show full text]
  • Paul Hardin, Ph.D. John W
    Department of Biology The College of Arts + Sciences | Indiana University Bloomington About Paul Hardin Distinguished Alumni Award Lecture Thu., Oct. 18, 2018 • 4 to 5 pm • Myers Hall 130 Paul Hardin, Ph.D. John W. Lyons Jr. ’59 Chair in Biology, Texas A&M University Genetic architecture underlying circadian clock initiation, maintenance, and output in Drosophila Circadian clocks drive daily rhythms in metabolism, physiology, and behavior in organisms ranging from cyanobacteria to humans. The identification and analysis of “clock genes” in Drosophila revealed that circadian timekeeping is based on a transcriptional feedback loop Paul Hardin studied the development of the sea in which CLOCK-CYCLE (CLK-CYC) heterodimers activate transcription of their feedback urchin embryo in William Klein’s lab at Indiana repressors PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM). Subsequent studies revealed that similar University, from where he received his Ph.D. in transcriptional feedback loops keep circadian time in all eukaryotes and, in the case of 1987. He did his postdoctoral fellowship with animals, that these feedback loops are comprised of conserved components. The “core” Michael Rosbash at Brandeis University, working feedback loop described above operates in conjunction with an “interlocked” feedback on the circadian rhythms of the fruit fly, Drosophila loop in animals to drive rhythmic transcription of hundreds of genes that are maximally melanogaster. His work with Michael Rosbash and expressed at different phases of the circadian cycle. These feedback loops operate in many, Jeff Hall has been instrumental to our understanding but not all, tissues in flies including the brain pacemaker neurons that control rest:activity of how circadian rhythms affect a myriad of rhythms.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Systems Biology
    DIVISION OF BIOINFORMATICS AND CHEMICAL GENOMICS Research Profile Department of Systems Biology Professor: Hitoshi Okamura, Associate Professor: Masao Doi, Assistant Professor: Yoshiaki Yamaguchi, Senior Lecturer: Jean-Michel Fustin Research Projects: How TIME is generated and tuned? We will clarify feedback loop of clock genes. the secret of generation and tuning of TIME in 1.3 Clock genes and cell metabolism, birth, and mammalian circadian system by multi-layered view death at intracellular, intercellular and individual levels. Why virtually all cells in the body have the clock Through clarifying the integration network mecha- inside the cell? We will identify how clock genes nism of TIME, we will develop new drugs for tuning work on the energy metabolism, cell cycles, and TIME. cell death. The subject of our study is circadian timing system 2. Intercellular system for synchronizing TIME in mammals. In this system, the circadian TIME gen- 2.1 Region-specific knockdown of SCN erated at molecular clock in the suprachiasmatic SCN biological clock is composed of thousands nucleus (SCN) evokes the synchronized oscillation of clock cells which are subdivided into several of molecular clocks in the whole body. Between groups. We will perform region-specific knockdown them, TIME is transmitted in multilayer systems: 1) of these subdivisions to address the functional sub- intracellular system of generation of cyclic TIME, 2) division of SCN. Intercellular system for synchronizing TIME, and 3) 2.3 Geography of SCN Symphony of TIME in individuals. SCN clock cells are highly organized in time and 1. Clarification of clock machinery to generate space. For example, in our real-time luciferase- TIME imaging system at cell level, time is generated and 1.1 Identification of all components of CLOCK synchronized in a very highly organized system.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulation of Drosophila Circadian Rhythms by Mirna Let-7 Is Mediated by a Regulatory Cycle
    ARTICLE Received 10 Jul 2014 | Accepted 10 Oct 2014 | Published 24 Nov 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6549 Regulation of Drosophila circadian rhythms by miRNA let-7 is mediated by a regulatory cycle Wenfeng Chen1,*, Zhenxing Liu1,*, Tianjiao Li1, Ruifeng Zhang1, Yongbo Xue1, Yang Zhong1, Weiwei Bai1, Dasen Zhou1 & Zhangwu Zhao1 MicroRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulations are increasingly recognized as important components of the circadian rhythm. Here we identify microRNA let-7, part of the Drosophila let-7-Complex, as a regulator of circadian rhythms mediated by a circadian regulatory cycle. Overexpression of let-7 in clock neurons lengthens circadian period and its deletion attenuates the morning activity peak as well as molecular oscillation. Let-7 regulates the circadian rhythm via repression of CLOCKWORK ORANGE (CWO). Conversely, upregulated cwo in cwo-expressing cells can rescue the phenotype of let-7-Complex overexpression. Moreover, circadian prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) and CLOCK- regulated 20-OH ecdysteroid signalling contribute to the circadian expression of let-7 through the 20-OH ecdysteroid receptor. Thus, we find a regulatory cycle involving PTTH, a direct target of CLOCK, and PTTH-driven miRNA let-7. 1 Department of Entomology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. * These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Z.Z. (email: [email protected]). NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 5:5549 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6549 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 & 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6549 lmost all animals display a wide range of circadian bantam-dependent regulation of Clk expression is required for rhythms in behaviour and physiology, such as locomotor circadian rhythm.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolic Inactivation of the Circadian Transmitter, Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF), by Neprilysin-Like Peptidases in Drosophila R
    4465 The Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 4465-4470 Published by The Company of Biologists 2007 doi:10.1242/jeb.012088 Metabolic inactivation of the circadian transmitter, pigment dispersing factor (PDF), by neprilysin-like peptidases in Drosophila R. Elwyn Isaac1,*, Erik C. Johnson2, Neil Audsley3 and Alan D. Shirras4 1Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK, 2Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, NC, USA, 3Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK and 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 4 October 2007 Summary Recent studies have firmly established pigment confirming that such cleavage results in PDF inactivation. dispersing factor (PDF), a C-terminally amidated The Ser7–Leu8 peptide bond was also the principal octodecapeptide, as a key neurotransmitter regulating cleavage site when PDF was incubated with membranes rhythmic circadian locomotory behaviours in adult prepared from heads of adult Drosophila. This Drosophila melanogaster. The mechanisms by which PDF endopeptidase activity was inhibited by the neprilysin –1 functions as a circadian peptide transmitter are not fully inhibitors phosphoramidon (IC50, 0.15·␮mol·l ) and –1 understood, however; in particular, nothing is known thiorphan (IC50, 1.2·␮mol·l ). We propose that cleavage by about the role of extracellular peptidases in terminating a member of the Drosophila neprilysin family of PDF signalling at synapses. In this study we show that PDF endopeptidases is the most likely mechanism for is susceptible to hydrolysis by neprilysin, an endopeptidase inactivating synaptic PDF and that neprilysin might have that is enriched in synaptic membranes of mammals and an important role in regulating PDF signals within insects.
    [Show full text]
  • Pololu Jrk USB Motor Controller User's Guide
    Pololu Jrk USB Motor Controller User’s Guide © 2001–2019 Pololu Corporation Pololu Jrk USB Motor Controller User’s Guide https://www.pololu.com/docs/0J38/all Page 1 of 55 Pololu Jrk USB Motor Controller User’s Guide © 2001–2019 Pololu Corporation 1. Overview . 3 1.a. Module Pinout and Components . 6 1.b. Supported Operating Systems . 9 1.c. PID Calculation Overview . 10 2. Contacting Pololu . 12 3. Configuring the Motor Controller . 13 3.a. Installing Windows Drivers and the Configuration Utility . 13 3.b. Input Options . 18 3.c. Feedback Options . 20 3.d. PID Options . 22 3.e. Motor Options . 24 3.f. Error Response Options . 27 3.g. The Plots Window . 29 3.h. Upgrading Firmware . 30 4. Using the Serial Interface . 33 4.a. Serial Modes . 33 4.b. TTL Serial . 34 4.c. Command Protocols . 36 4.d. Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Error Detection . 37 4.e. Motor Control Commands . 39 4.f. Error Reporting Commands . 41 4.g. Variable Reading Commands . 44 4.h. Daisy-Chaining . 46 4.i. Serial Example Code . 48 4.i.1. Cross-platform C . 48 4.i.2. Windows C . 50 5. Setting Up Your System . 51 6. Writing PC Software to Control the Jrk . 55 Page 2 of 55 Pololu Jrk USB Motor Controller User’s Guide © 2001–2019 Pololu Corporation 1. Overview The jrk family of versatile, general-purpose motor controllers supports a variety of interfaces, including USB. Analog voltage and tachometer (frequency) feedback options allow quick implementation of closed-loop servo systems, and a free configuration utility (for Windows) allows easy calibration and configuration through the USB port.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Cycling in the Dorsal Protocerebrum of the Drosophila Brain Is Not Necessary for Circadian Clock Function
    PDF Cycling in the Dorsal Protocerebrum of the Drosophila Brain Is Not Necessary for Circadian Clock Function Elzbieta Kula,* Edwin S. Levitan,† Elzbieta Pyza,‡ and Michael Rosbash*,1 *Department of Biology-HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, the †Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and the ‡Department of Cytology and Histology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland Abstract In Drosophila, the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) is a likely circadian molecule, secreted by central pacemaker neurons (LNvs). PDF is expressed in both small and large LNvs (sLNvs and lLNvs), and there are striking circadian oscillations of PDF staining intensity in the small cell termini, which require a functional molecular clock. This cycling may be relevant to the proposed role of PDF as a synchronizer of the clock system or as an output signal connect- ing pacemaker cells to locomotor activity centers. In this study, the authors use a generic neuropeptide fusion protein (atrial natriuretic factor–green fluorescent protein [ANF-GFP]) and show that it can be expressed in the same neurons as PDF itself. Yet, ANF-GFP as well as PDF itself does not manifest any cyclical accumu- lation in sLNv termini in adult transgenic flies. Surprisingly, the absence of detectable PDF cycling is not accompanied by any detectable behavioral pheno- type, since these transgenic flies have normal morning and evening anticipation in a light-dark cycle (LD) and are fully rhythmic in constant darkness (DD). The molecular clock is also not compromised. The results suggest that robust PDF cycling in sLNv termini plays no more than a minor role in the Drosophila circa- dian system and is apparently not even necessary for clock output function.
    [Show full text]
  • A Mutant Drosophila Homolog of Mammalian Clock Disrupts
    Cell, Vol. 93, 791±804, May 29, 1998, Copyright 1998 by Cell Press AMutantDrosophila Homolog of Mammalian Clock Disrupts Circadian Rhythms and Transcription of period and timeless Ravi Allada,*²³§ Neal E. White,³ Aronson et al., 1994; Shearman et al., 1997; Sun et al., W. Venus So,²³ Jeffrey C. Hall,²³ 1997; Tei et al., 1997). ²³ and Michael Rosbash* k In Drosophila, there are two well-characterized clock *Howard Hughes Medical Institute genes: period (per) and timeless (tim). Protein levels, ² NSF, Center for Biological Timing RNA levels, and transcription rates of these two genes ³ Department of Biology undergo robust circadian oscillations (Zerr et al., 1990; Brandeis University Hardin et al., 1990, 1992; Hardin, 1994; Sehgal et al., Waltham, Massachusetts 02254 1995; So and Rosbash, 1997). In addition, mutations § Department of Pathology in the two proteins (PER and TIM) alter or abolish the Brigham and Women's Hospital periodicity and phase of these rhythms, demonstrating Boston, Massachusetts 02115 that both proteins regulate their own transcription (Har- din et al., 1990; Sehgal et al., 1995; Marrus et al., 1996). Although there is no evidence indicating that the effects Summary on transcription are direct, PER contains a PAS domain, which has been shown to mediate interactions between We report the identification, characterization, and transcription factors (Huang et al., 1993; Lindebro et cloning of a novel Drosophila circadian rhythm gene, al., 1995). Most of these PAS-containing transcription dClock. The mutant, initially called Jrk, manifests dom- factors also contain the well-characterized basic helix- inant effects: heterozygous flies have a period alter- loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding domains (Crews, 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Genes Controlling Essential Cell-Cycle Functions in Drosophila Melanogaster
    Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on October 3, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Genes controlling essential cell-cycle functions in Drosophila melanogaster Maurizio Gatti I and Bruce S. Baker 2 ~Dipartimento de Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Universit/l di Roma 'La Sapienza', 00185 Roma, Italy; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 USA On the basis of the hypothesis that mutants in genes controlling essential cell cycle functions in Drosophila should survive up to the larval-pupal transition, 59 such 'late lethals' were screened for those mutants affecting cell division. Examination of mitosis in brain neuroblasts revealed that 30 of these lethals cause disruptions in mitotic chromosome behavior. These mutants identify genes whose wild-type functions are important for: (1) progression through different steps of interphase, (2) the maintenance of mitotic chromosome integrity, (3) chromosome condensation, (4) spindle formation and/or function, and (5) completion of cytokinesis or completion of chromosome segregation. The presence of mitotic defects in late lethal mutants is correlated tightly with the presence of defective imaginal discs. Thus, the phenotypes of late lethality and poorly developed imaginal discs are together almost diagnostic of mutations in essential cell-cycle functions. The terminal phenotypes exhibited by these Drosophila mitotic mutants are remarkably similar to those observed in mammalian cell-cycle mutants, suggesting that these diverse organisms use a common genetic logic to regulate and integrate the events of the cell cycle. [Key Words: Cell-cycle mutants; Drosophila; mitosis] Received November 30, 1988; revised version accepted February 7, 1989. The exquisitely precise cyclic changes that eukaryotic review, see Simchen 1978; Ling 1981; Oakley 1981; chromosomes and cells undergo during mitotic and Wissmger and Wang 1983; Marcus et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Single-Cell Analysis on the Biological Clock Using Microfluidic
    SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS ON THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK USING MICROFLUIDIC DROPLETS by ZHAOJIE DENG (Under the Direction of Leidong Mao and Jonathan Arnold) ABSTRACT Single-cell analysis has become crucial for uncovering the underlying mechanism for cell heterogeneity. Different biological questions pose different challenges for single-cell analysis. In order to answer questions like, whether a single-cell has a biological clock and how the clocks synchronize among cells to overcome the heterogeneity, continuous long-term measurement on large numbers of single-cells is required. However traditional measurement techniques usually involve measurement on millions of cells. My dissertation addresses these challenges by developing a microfluidic droplet platform capable of measuring the biological clock on >1000 Neurospora crassa single-cells for up to 10 days. The results show that in Neurospora crassa a single cell has the three major properties of a biological clock: a circadian oscillator, light entertainment, and temperature compensation and that single-cells synchronize their biological clock with each other possibly through quorum sensing. INDEX WORDS: Single-cell analysis, Microfluidic droplets, Neurospora crassa, Circadian rhythm, Biological clock, Stochastic noise, Synchronization SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS ON THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK USING MICROFLUIDIC DROPLETS by ZHAOJIE DENG B.A., Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China, 2008 M.S., Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China, 2011 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of the Circadian Clock in Hooded Seals (Cystophora Cristata) and Its Interaction with Mitochondrial Metabolism
    Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries & Economics Department of Arctic & Marine Biology Characterization of the circadian clock in Hooded Seals (Cystophora Cristata) and its interaction with mitochondrial metabolism A multi-tissue comparison and cell culture approach Fayiri Kante BIO-3950 Master’s Thesis in Biology, June 2021 Acknowledgment I sincerely thank my supervisors Shona Wood and Alexander Christopher West for giving me the opportunity to explore the subject of this master thesis. It has been a pleasure to learn various laboratory techniques and progress in my scientific abilities this year under your supervision. I am grateful for your patience and kindness; it has been very exciting to obtain new results and satisfaction to put them in perspective and reflect on their meaning. Thank you, Alex, for your time in the Lab and your explanations of the protocols. Thank you, Shona, for your precious feedbacks on my writing and my results. I would like to thank Professor Arnoldus Schytte Blix, Professor Lars Folkow, the technical personnel Renate Thorvaldsen, Hans Arne Solvang, and Hans Lian for their help and demonstration during the tissue sampling, and Chandra Sekhar Ravuri for the help in cloning and sequencing the genes. Thank you, Chiara Ciccone, for introducing me to the oroboros, for the good times in the lab, and for your enthusiasm about seal research and your encouragements. To my master student companion Anna and Linn, thank you for the laughs in the lab and at the office. Mom, Dad, Inari, thank you for your lessons and your support over the year. Abstract Circadian rhythms regulate the behavior, physiology, and metabolism of living organisms over a 24h period.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Oscillation of Per1 and Per2 Genes in the Rodent Brain: an in Situ Hybridization and Molecular Biological Study
    Kobe J. Med. Sci., Vol. 51, No. 6, pp. 85-93, 2005 Molecular Oscillation of Per1 and Per2 Genes in the Rodent Brain: An In Situ Hybridization and Molecular Biological Study DAISUKE MATSUI, SEIICHI TAKEKIDA, and HITOSHI OKAMURA Division of Molecular Brain Science, Department of Brain Science/Neuroscience, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Received 20 December 2005 /Accepted 26 December 2005 Key Words: in situ hybridization, cerebral cortex, clock genes, circadian rhythms, E-box, rat The circadian rhythm is originally generated by a transcription-translation based oscillatory loop where Per1 and Per2 genes locate in its central. In the rat brain, rhythmic expressions of Per1 and Per2 were observed not only in neurons of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) but also in those of non-SCN regions including the cerebral cortex. The E-box enhancer elements possible to regulate transcription of Per1 and Per2 genes were highly conserved in rats and mice. When E-box-activating transcription factors, CLOCK and BMAL1, were coexpressed, each of both proteins showed two molecular forms. The presence of these higher molecular weight forms seems to be correlated with the E-box mediated transcription activation. This mechanism might not be involved in the PER2 mediated suppression of E-box, since adding PER2 did not change the content of the higher molecular forms of CLOCK and BMAL1. Circadian core oscillator is thought to be composed of an autoregulatory transcription- (post) translation-based feedback loop involving a set of clock genes (3, 4, 10, 16). In this loop, Per1 and Per2 genes are located in the center of this loop, and the transcriptional oscillation of these genes reflects rhythms at cells, tissues, and system levels (10, 16).
    [Show full text]