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Identity, Territory, and Power in the Eastern Congo Rift Valley Institute | Usalama Project
RIFT VALLEY INSTITUTE | USALAMA PROJECT UNDERSTANDING CONGOLESE ARMED GROUPS SOUTH KIVU IDENTITY, TERRITORY, AND POWER IN THE EASTERN CONGO RIFT VALLEY INSTITUTE | USALAMA PROJECT South Kivu Identity, territory, and power in the eastern Congo KOEN VLASSENROOT Published in 2013 by the Rift Valley Institute 1 St Luke’s Mews, London W11 1DF, United Kingdom PO Box 52771 GPO, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya THE USALAMA PROJECT The Rift Valley Institute’s Usalama Project documents armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The project is supported by Humanity United and Open Square, and undertaken in collaboration with the Catholic University of Bukavu. THE RIFT VALLEY INSTITUTE (RVI) The Rift Valley Institute (www.riftvalley.net) works in Eastern and Central Africa to bring local knowledge to bear on social, political, and economic development. THE AUTHOR Koen Vlassenroot is Professor of Political Science and director of the Conflict Research Group at the University of Ghent. He is associated to the Egmont Institute and a RVI fellow. He co-authored Conflict and Social Transformation in Eastern DR Congo (2004) and co-edited The Lord’s Resistance Army: Myth or Reality? (2010). He is the lead researcher on the DRC for the Justice and Security Research Programme. CREDITS RVI ExECUTIVE DIRECTOR: John Ryle RVI PROgRAMME DIRECTOR: Christopher Kidner RVI USALAMA PROJECT DIRECTOR: Jason Stearns RVI USALAMA DEPUTY PROJECT DIRECTOR: Willy Mikenye RVI Great LAKES PROgRAMME MANAgER: Michel Thill RVI Information OFFICER: Tymon Kiepe EDITORIAL consultant: Fergus Nicoll Report DESIgN: Lindsay Nash Maps: Jillian Luff, MAPgrafix PRINTINg: Intype Libra Ltd., 3/4 Elm Grove Industrial Estate, London SW19 4HE ISBN 978-1-907431-25-8 COVER CAPTION Congolese woman carrying firewood in the hills of Minembwe, South Kivu (2012). -
Democratic Republic of Congo, Fourth Quarter 2020
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, FOURTH QUARTER 2020: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, 6 May 2018b; administrative divisions: GADM, 6 May 2018a; incid- ent data: ACLED, 12 March 2021; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, FOURTH QUARTER 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Battles 321 180 731 Conflict incidents by category 2 Violence against civilians 293 153 530 Development of conflict incidents from December 2018 to December 2020 2 Protests 134 1 1 Riots 96 35 53 Methodology 3 Strategic developments 50 1 4 Conflict incidents per province 4 Explosions / Remote 2 0 0 violence Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 896 370 1319 Disclaimer 7 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). Development of conflict incidents from December 2018 to December 2020 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). 2 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, FOURTH QUARTER 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Methodology on what level of detail is reported. -
Catastrophes Naturelles Sud-Kivu
Deux mini-stations d’épuration d’eau installées sur les rivières Mulongwe et Kamvivira et près de 50 points de chloration de l’eau assurent la disponibilité de l’eau potable aux populations sinistrés d’Uvira Briefing Humanitaire hebdomadaire Bukavu, 8 mai 2020 Coronavirus: aperçu national de l’épidémie • 23 cas confirmés au Kongo Central le 05 mai 2020 • Depuis le début de l’épidémie (10 mars 2020), 897 cas confirmés, 119 guéris et 36 décès . • 16 nouvelles personnes guéries en date du 07 mai • Les 7 provinces touchées : • • Kinshasa : 844 cas ; • Kongo Central : 29 cas ; • Haut-Katanga : 10 cas ; • Nord-Kivu : 7 cas ; • Sud-Kivu : 4 cas ; • Ituri : 2 cas ; • Kwilu : 1 cas. • ROUGEOLE : • 50 nouveaux cas de rougeole sur les deux dernières semaines, soit un cumul de 1 792 cas de janvier à début mai; • Une baisse de moitié par rapport aux deux semaines précédentes. Sud-Kivu • Fizi, Minova, Bunyakiri et Kalole restent en tête du nombre de Profil cas • Zéro décès de rougeole depuis au moins 4 semaines épidémiologique • CHOLERA: • 244 nouveaux cas enregistrés les deux dernières semaines, ce qui amène le total provincial à 2 323 cas de janvier à début mai • Zéro décès depuis deux semaines; ce qui dénote une certaine efficacité dans la prise en charge médicale. • Augmentation du nombre de cas à Fizi, Minova, Bagira et Idjwi, Katana et Kadutu (par ordre d’importance) • 08 nouveaux cas à Uvira; 07 cas en S17 et 01 seul cas en S18; ce qui fait un tableau épidémiologique relativement sous contrôle dans le contexte d’inondation • Paludisme • Plus -
Public Annex
ICC-01/04-01/10-396-Anx 02-09-2011 1/6 CB PT Public Annex ICC-01/04-01/10-396-Anx 02-09-2011 2/6 CB PT I. General contextual elements on the recent FLDR activities in the KIVUS: 1. Since the beginning of 2011, the FARDC conducted unilateral military operations under the “AMANI LEO” (peace today) operation against the FDLR and other armed groups in North Kivu, mainly in Walikale and Lubero territories, and in South Kivu, mainly in Fizi, Uvira and Shabunda territories. 1 2. The UN Group of Experts in its interim report on 7 June 2011 states that the FDLR remain militarily the strongest armed group in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.2 3. The UN Secretary-General further reported on 17 January 2011 that “the FDLR military leadership structure remained largely intact, and dispersed”.3 The FDLR established their presences in remote areas of eastern Maniema and northern Katanga provinces 4 and have sought to reinforce their presence in Rutshuru territory.5 4. The UN GoE reported as late as June 2011 on the FDLR’s continued recruitment 6 and training of mid-level commanders 7. The FDLR also 1 Para 5, page 2 S/2011/20, Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 17 January 2011 (http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2011/20 ), Para 32, page 9, S/2011/345 Interim report of the Group of Experts on the DRC submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of Security Council resolution 1952 (2010), 7 June 2011 (http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2011/345 -
Province Du Nord Kivu
Plan Quinquennal de Croissance et de l’emploi 2011-2015 Nord-Kivu 1 CARTE DE LA PROVINCE DU NORD- KIVU Plan Quinquennal de Croissance et de l’emploi 2011-2015 Nord-Kivu 2 TABLE DES MATIERES TABLE DES MATIERES .............................................................................................................................. 3 LISTE DES TABLEAUX ............................................................................................................................... 7 LISTE DES GRAPHIQUES ........................................................................................................................... 7 SIGLES ET ACRONYMES ........................................................................................................................... 8 PREAMBULE ........................................................................................................................................... 11 RESUME EXECUTIF ................................................................................................................................. 12 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 14 CHAPITRE 1 : PRESENTATION DE LA PROVINCE .................................................................................... 16 1.1. Contexte physique ................................................................................................................. 16 1.2. Contexte administratif.......................................................................................................... -
DR Congo Aerodromes and Helipads Directory 1
DR Congo Aerodromes and Helipads 2012 Directory Aviation Air Terminal Unit MONUSCO 2nd Edition, February 2015 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Sources Landing sites information included in this document have been gathered from the following sources: • DR Congo Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP); • MONUSCO reconnaissance mission reports; • Airlines crews and other aviation infrastructure users; • Different aeronautical publications (Jeppesen manuals, aeronautical charts, etc.). Some of the landing sites regularly receive aircraft performing commercial and/or chartered flights, whereas other sites are occasionally used for special tasks (e.g. UN/NGOs missions, monitoring …), or have been inspected or maintained quite long ago. For these reasons, latter sites may not always be serviceable. Therefore, it is advisable to ascertain the current status of any site before considering its possible use. Abbreviations ALS: Landing strip (Airstrip); here indicates any unpaved landing strip which can be used for light fixed wing aircraft operations, and where no assistance is provided to the users. APT: Airport; here indicates any aerodrome where a minimum of aviation services are rendered to the users. ft: feet/foot (1 ft = 0.3048 m) HLS: Helicopter Landing Site; here indicates any site which can be used for helicopter operations. IATA: three-letter codes defined by IATA for identifying airports and cities around the world (IATA - International Air Transport Association). ICAO: four-character alphanumeric codes defined by ICAO for identifying each airport around the world (ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization). m: meters (1 m = 3.2808 ft) RWY: Runway; here indicates any paved landing strip which can be used for fixed wing aircraft operations. T: ton(s) Disclaimer Nothing in this booklet should be taken to constitute professional information or a formal recommendation, and we hereby exclude any liability whatsoever relating to the use of this document content, which actually should be considered as informal information only. -
The Democratic Republic of the Congo
STRUGGLING TO SURVIVE: Children in Armed Conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo April 2006 Watchlist Mission Statement: The Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict strives to end violations against children in armed conflicts and to guarantee their rights. As a global network, Watchlist builds partnerships among local, national and international non-governmental organizations, enhancing mutual capacities and strengths. Working together, we strategically collect and disseminate information on violations against children in conflicts in order to influence key decision-makers to create and implement programs and policies that effectively protect children. Important Notes: The names of the victims of egregious violations documented in this report have been changed to protect the security of the victims and their families. Information contained in this report is current through January 31, 2006. Watchlist’s June 2003 report on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, The Impact of Armed Conflict on Children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is available at www.watchlist.org. Cover photo credits: OCHA and Watchlist STRUGGLING TO SURVIVE: Children in Armed Conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo April 2006 Table of Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS INDICATORS IN DRC 1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 3 SUMMARY 5 CONTEXT 8 Political Background 8 Transitional Government 9 Elections 9 Parties to Conflict—Regional Involvement 10 New Armed Groups 11 Ongoing Violence: Killing, Maiming, Rape and Pillage 12 Humanitarian Crisis 13 Human Rights -
From Resource War to ‘Violent Peace’ Transition in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) from Resource War to ‘Violent Peace’
paper 50 From Resource War to ‘Violent Peace’ Transition in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) From Resource War to ‘Violent Peace’ Transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) by Björn Aust and Willem Jaspers Published by ©BICC, Bonn 2006 Bonn International Center for Conversion Director: Peter J. Croll An der Elisabethkirche 25 D-53113 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-911960 Fax: +49-228-241215 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.bicc.de Cover Photo: Willem Jaspers From Resource War to ‘Violent Peace’ Table of contents Summary 4 List of Acronyms 6 Introduction 8 War and war economy in the DRC (1998–2002) 10 Post-war economy and transition in the DRC 12 Aim and structure of the paper 14 1. The Congolese peace process 16 1.1 Power shifts and developments leading to the peace agreement 17 Prologue: Africa’s ‘First World War’ and its war economy 18 Power shifts and the spoils of (formal) peace 24 1.2 Political transition: Structural challenges and spoiler problems 29 Humanitarian Situation and International Assistance 30 ‘Spoiler problems’ and political stalemate in the TNG 34 Systemic Corruption and its Impact on Transition 40 1.3 ‘Violent peace’ and security-related liabilities to transition 56 MONUC and its contribution to peace in the DRC 57 Security-related developments in different parts of the DRC since 2002 60 1.4 Fragility of security sector reform 70 Power struggles between institutions and parallel command structures 76 2. A Tale of two cities: Goma and Bukavu as case studies of the transition in North and South Kivu -
Mapping Conflict Motives: M23
Mapping Conflict Motives: M23 1 Front Cover image: M23 combatants marching into Goma wearing RDF uniforms Antwerp, November 2012 2 Table of Contents Introduction 4 1. Background 5 2. The rebels with grievances hypothesis: unconvincing 9 3. The ethnic agenda: division within ranks 11 4. Control over minerals: Not a priority 14 5. Power motives: geopolitics and Rwandan involvement 16 Conclusion 18 3 Introduction Since 2004, IPIS has published various reports on the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Between 2007 and 2010 IPIS focussed predominantly on the motives of the most significant remaining armed groups in the DRC in the aftermath of the Congo wars of 1996 and 1998.1 Since 2010 many of these groups have demobilised and several have integrated into the Congolese army (FARDC) and the security situation in the DRC has been slowly stabilising. However, following the November 2011 elections, a chain of events led to the creation of a ‘new’ armed group that called itself “M23”. At first, after being cornered by the FARDC near the Rwandan border, it seemed that the movement would be short-lived. However, over the following two months M23 made a remarkable recovery, took Rutshuru and Goma, and started to show national ambitions. In light of these developments and the renewed risk of large-scale armed conflict in the DRC, the European Network for Central Africa (EURAC) assessed that an accurate understanding of M23’s motives among stakeholders will be crucial for dealing with the current escalation. IPIS volunteered to provide such analysis as a brief update to its ‘mapping conflict motives’ report series. -
The Making of Ethnic Territories and Subjects in Eastern DR Congo ⁎ Kasper Hoffmann
Geoforum xxx (xxxx) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geoforum journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geoforum Ethnogovernmentality: The making of ethnic territories and subjects in Eastern DR Congo ⁎ Kasper Hoffmann University of Copenhagen, Denmark Ghent University, Belgium ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: In this article I investigate colonial constructions of ethnicity and territory and their effects in the post-in- Ethnicity dependence period in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The core argument of the article is that the Governmentality constructions of ethnicity and territory that are set in motion in struggles over political space in the Congolese Territory conflicts are conditioned by what I call “ethnogovernmentality”, which denotes a heterogeneous ensembleof Subjectivity biopolitical and territorial rationalities and practices of power concerned with the conduct of conduct of ethnic Conflict populations. Through ethnogovernmentality colonial authorities sought to impose ordered scientific visions of DR Congo ethnicity, custom, culture, space, territory, and geography, upon ambivalent cultures and spaces. I show that while ethnogovernmentality failed to produce the stability and order the colonial authorities sought, its ethno- territorial regime of truth and practice has had durable effects on people’s sense of self and on struggles over political space. 1. A dotted red line Administrative maps are often objects of intense political struggles, especially in post-colonial context where they have been imposed on During fieldwork in eastern Congo in 2005 I showed a faded copyof ambiguous and highly heterogeneous cultural and political landscapes. a BA thesis submitted at a local university to one of my interlocutors. As the example above indicates issues related to ethnic territories and The title was “Essai d’histoire politique de Batembo” (Essay on the poli- boundaries are highly contentious in the eastern parts of Democratic tical history of the Batembo). -
Democratic Republic of the Congo Page 1 of 54
2010 Human Rights Report: Democratic Republic of the Congo Page 1 of 54 Home » Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs » Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor » Releases » Human Rights Reports » 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices » Africa » Congo, Democratic Republic of the 2010 Human Rights Report: Democratic Republic of the Congo BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Report April 8, 2011 The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is a nominally centralized republic with a population of approximately 68 million. The president and the lower house of parliament (National Assembly) are popularly elected; the members of the upper house (the Senate) are chosen by provincial assemblies. Multiparty presidential and National Assembly elections in 2006 were judged to be credible, despite some irregularities, while indirect elections for senators in 2007 were marred by allegations of vote buying. There were many instances in which state security forces acted independently of civilian control and of military command. In all areas of the country, state security forces continued to act with impunity throughout the year, committing many serious abuses, including unlawful killings, disappearances, torture, rape and engaging in arbitrary arrests and detention. Severe and life-threatening conditions in prison and detention facilities, prolonged pretrial detention, lack of an independent and effective judiciary, and arbitrary interference with privacy, family, and home also remained serious problems. Members of the state security forces continued to abuse and threaten journalists, contributing to a decline in press freedom. Internally displaced persons remained a major problem, and the integration of ex-combatants and members of rebel and militia groups (RMGs) into state security forces and governance institutions was slow and uneven. -
Relations Extérieures Et Communication
Scan the QR code or Ctrl+clic on the icon below to Relations extérieures et Communication view our videos. https://ucbukavu.ac.cd/ – Super Lacus Ac Montes Splendens 02 Bugabo, Avenue de la Mission, Commune de Kadutu, Ville de Bukavu REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO MISE AU POINT SUR LES SITUATIONS UPDATE ON LOCAL HEALTH AND SAFETY SANITAIRE ET SECURITAIRE LOCALES STATUS N°009 – 15 MAI 2020 N°009 – 15 MAY 2020 SITUATION SECURITAIRE SECURITY STATUS La situation sécuritaire est relativement calme dans The security situation in Bukavu City is relatively la Ville de Bukavu. Une personne a été blessée et calm. One person was injured and valuables were des biens de valeur emportés lors d’une attaque taken during an attack by armed men against a des hommes armés contre une famille à family in Mulambula, Bagira District. In Ibanda Mulambula en Commune de Bagira. En Commune District, a woman working at Ruzizi I border d’Ibanda, une femme œuvrant à la frontière Ruzizi (between DRC and Rwanda) was deprived of her 1er a été dépouillée de son sac à main contenant purse containing a large amount of money and une importante somme d’argent et autres objets other valuables. In Uvira Territory, two alleged de grande valeur. En territoire d’Uvira, deux thieves, one being a Burundian, were caught by the présumés voleurs, dont un de nationalité population and handed over to the National Army burundaise, ont été attrapés par la population et (FARDC) in Luvungi. In Kabare Territory, passengers remis aux FARDC à Luvungi. Les passagers de cinq of five vehicles from Bukavu to Mugogo and véhicules en provenance de Bukavu pour les Walungu commercial centers were looted by centres commerciaux de Mugogo et Walungu ont armed bandits in Cidodobo.