Qu O R T E , I Y of Tlte Association of Fortner IVHO St"Lt
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Qu o r t e , I y of tlte Association@Wffi of Fortner IVHO St"lT WHO, CH-1211 Geneaa 27, Sutiaerland ( TP:+41 22 791 31 03; IX: +41 22 791 07 46; e-mail: <[email protected]> Pensions ATTen 20 YEARS oF DEFIcIT, A SURPLUS The recently-concluded, rwo- rwo favourable recommendations to In another decision - one that year valuation by the Actuaries of the U.N. General Assembly, which scarcely does the Board proud - it the U.N. staff pension fund showed opens later this year, namely: refused to grant ex grdtia payments a clear surplus of 4.25 per cent of to retirees from the ex-Soviet Union . That, effective 1 April 2001, pensionable remuneration as com- who left service berween 1981 and pension is raised when the cost of pared to e meagre 0.36 per cent 1990, and who receive less than living increases by 2 rather than 3 in December 1997, according to a $20 monthly in pensions. Though per cent; and report by the \fHO Staff Pension relief was considered, the news that Ccmmittee. "was . That, effective I January AFICS/AAFI, Moscow taking 2001, the penalry is lowered legal action against the fund changed And largely due to earnings to 6 instead of 6.5 per cent for commut- the mood," explained a long-serving from equities, which make up 70 per ing a sum. representative in Geneva. cent of invesrments, the market value to lump of the fund grew from US$ 20.2 Other changes with financial In its most eyebrow-raising billion rwo yeârs ago to $26.1 bil- implications, such as possibly reduc- decision, the Board selected from a lion today. Smart investing brought ing contributions, were put off until short list of four, including three in returns at 18 per cent interest what the next actuarial report will insiders, the sole outsider as the or, after inflation, 13.8 per cent, show rwo years hence. fundt next Secretary. Essentially, still heftv. The reporr came after to quote regulations, it gave more the 50th session of the U.N. Joint In non-financial matters, the weight to "the inflow of fresh tal- Staff Pension Board, which was held Board agreed to permit alimony ent" than to "the promotion of this year from 5 rc 14 July at the deductions from pensions, of course, persons already in service." So '§ÿ'orld Meteorological Organisation subject to a court order and the Bernard Cochème, now Director of in Geneva. agreement of the pensioner, a move the Retirement Branch of Francet criticised editorially in U.N. Special. Caisse des Depôts et Consignements, Following a meeting among "Perpetuating (See Stereoÿp€s, ?. 4') Paris, will replace retiring Raymond themselves rwo days later to take Gieri from 1 January 2001. stock of developmenrs, representa- tives of former staff associations in Geneva declared that, should the U.N. go out of business today, the fund could continue paying pen- sions both to former and serving staff. Their mood of exuberance is understandable as the report said that the fund "had previously expe- rienced a deficit for some 20 years." The soundness of the financial "Tltis position led the Board to make summer, we decided to stay home and com?lain." FraruREs A GI-IMPSE OF EnnLY TIMEs arly in 1950, on learning that my first \[HO duty station was to be in south-east Asia, I had become increasingly conscious that my father, grandfather and half a dozen other family members had spent their active lives in that Bengal and Burma over which we were now gliding. Many of them are buried there. Their yesterdays had made possible my o\À/n today. On leaving the plane at Bangkok the change of temperature !ÿas as physical as the blow of a fist. \W'e were met by Sam Keeney, director of UNICEF's regional office, whose advisor I was to be. He had come over my horizon in 1946 as chief of the UNRRA mission in Italy, where his social sense and deft administration had brought brilliant results. A week or so later I went to New Delhi; it was the only occasion in which I had direct contact with Prime Minister Jawaharal Nehru, who showed that wonderful Indian capacity for creating instant friendly understanding. A few days later, when I went to take leave, he said laughingly, ''§ÿ'ell I know it's going to work - how can it not with three Tiiniry men on the job, especially as rwo of them are Indians and the third has an Indian bacÇround." eville \7adia, who had been in my year et Cambridge, was now a leading Parsee industrialist. He was interested in manufacturing penicillin. I went down to Bombay to discuss this possibiliry which, for U.N. bureaucratic reasons, was harder to implement than was State ownership. I would dearly '§ÿ'adia '§ÿ'adias have liked to have helped a member of the family make penicillin. In my grandparents' day the had been our partners in a ship-building project based on Burmese teak. The symmetry of the relationship appealed to me but, alas, it was not to be. I have extremely hrppy memories of my colleagues and my superiors in the U.N. at this earlier period in its history and even more so within \ürHO, where recruitment was still made in each and every cese on the sole criterion of proven professional competence. Dr Chandra Mani, Regional Director, SEARO, had been a colonel in the Indian medical service of imperial times; he brought the best of that servicet tradition with him, but remarked that it was very hard to create an egrit de corps in an international service largely composed of experts on short-term contracts. By the mid-1970s, not only had those \fHO veterans been retired but the organisation was itself applying new criteria in the recruitment of their replacements, guided by what were euphemistically called considerations of "geographical distribution." This really meant considerations of political expediency as glimpsed momentarily by senior bureaucrars. '§7HO, t is easier to hire than to fire. As a Third'§7orld scientist once remârked, this, in has resulted in the blocking of certain jobs by only modestly qualified candidates. Such people tend to end up doing very little as their pseudo-utiliry had but temporary appeal. However, with nowhere else to go, they stay put -- occupying a budget-line that could have carried a more active , if less politically decorative, appointee . Sinclair-Loutit -Kenneth (Excerpted frorn unpublished rnemoirs Chapter 24) (formerly EMRO) page 2 Health Corner OeESITY CC T ook at that" whispered Albert ironically, I gazing intensely in the direction of our I-./neighbouring table. "The lady doesnt seem to lack appetite. How can she eat thai much at this time of the day?" The object of Albertt conrempt ,ÿvas an explic- itly stout solitary lady, sipping , .rrp of chocolaà in company of rwo sizeable slices of chocolate cake; it was just about 10 a.m. - and she seemed to enjoy the treat. "Isn't it a shame o be that fat?" My friend is thus one of rhose numerous members of our sociery who feel rhar overeating is a.bad, even disgusting habit, and that the result"ing obesiry is a most unwanred condition. \7hile I dà not rrl/ant to comment on the.complicated question^ of the sociology of obesiry (there are societies in which being obese is a status symbol), medically sp.aking, significant obesiry is"indeed high-.irk condition. " tT-P]lst of *t-",tt potentially associated with obesiry includes hypertension, diaberes, coronary eræry ! disease, gallbladder disease, gout, deep vein thrombosis, pulm on^ry embolism, osteoarthritis, decubitus J- ulcers, intertrigo,^incr^eased risk in case of surgery and, in gèneral, de.re"sed span of life. Not all, though many, " obese persons suffer from these diseases; the piobabiliry"of developing some'of the above corrjitior* i, proportionate to the degree of their obesiry. Obese-persons are classified into three categories: mild, moderate and severe obesity. Mildly obese persons are considered to be.thoservhose body..weight.ii 10.to.40 per cenr over the average *Lr..orr.rporrài.rg,o their age, sex- and height. Obesity is càIed Âoder"t. if the excess welght is berween?g and 100 p.', cent, and severe.orpatho.logical obesity exists if body.weight is more than doub"le the average. The arrerag! *.igt,,,.. given in the following, grossly simplified table: Height/cm 150 155 160 165 170 r75 180 §Teightikg women 59 GO G4 68 70 75 Men 62 65 68 72 76 80 Thevalues refer to persons over age 60, and are raken from Ciba-Geigy, ScientificTâbles, 1982 Some per-cent 90 of obese persons belong,to_ the category of mild obesiry 9 per cent are moderarely obese, while severe (pathological) obesiry is rare, ,J0.5 p., ...,r1 "p The most common cause of obesiry especially in elderly people, is overeating, coupled with decreased physical activity. Hormonal changes also play ,à1., ,"d hé.àiÇ seems ro accounr for about one fourth ofexcess body fat. " o what to do? Severe.obesiry is a severe medical problem, and needs to be treated by specialists. Moderate obesiry may !e treated by one of the numerous làw calorie diets, and increased ptryri.it activiry. Appetite- supp^ressing^drugs (anorexigens) were much used in the past, but are pr.r..r, considered les, desir"bl. because ", of their freq-uent side-effects. The most common form, mild obesiry if t.."t-..rt is desired at all, calls for behaviour modification, including physical activity.