Surgical Anatomy and Functional Connectivity of the Limbic System
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
An Eloreta Quantitative EEG Study
brain sciences Article Power Spectral Differences between Transient Epileptic and Global Amnesia: An eLORETA Quantitative EEG Study Jacopo Lanzone 1,* , Claudio Imperatori 2 , Giovanni Assenza 1 , Lorenzo Ricci 1 , Benedetto Farina 2, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro 1 and Mario Tombini 1 1 Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (G.A.); [email protected] (L.R.); [email protected] (V.D.L.); [email protected] (M.T.) 2 Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Via degli Aldobrandeschi 190, 00163 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (C.I.); [email protected] (B.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 14 July 2020; Accepted: 4 September 2020; Published: 6 September 2020 Abstract: Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a rare epileptic condition, often confused with transient global amnesia (TGA). In a real-life scenario, differential diagnosis between these two conditions can be hard. In this study we use power spectral analysis empowered by exact Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (eLORETA) to evidence the differences between TEA and TGA. Fifteen patients affected by TEA (64.2 5.2 y.o.; 11 female/4 male; 10 left and 5 right temporal epileptic focus) ± and 15 patients affected by TGA (65.8 7.2 y.o.; 11 females/4 males) were retrospectively identified in ± our clinical records. All patients recorded EEGs after symptoms offset. EEGs were analyzed with eLORETA to evidence power spectral contrast between the two conditions. We used an inverse problem solution to localize the source of spectral differences. -
Microstructural White Matter Alterations and Hippocampal Volumes Are
6 178 S Fjalldal and others Diffusion tensor imaging in 178:6 577–587 Clinical Study craniopharyngioma Microstructural white matter alterations and hippocampal volumes are associated with cognitive deficits in craniopharyngioma S Fjalldal1, C Follin1, D Svärd2, L Rylander3, S Gabery4, Å Petersén4, D van Westen2, P C Sundgren2,5, I M Björkman-Burtscher2,5, J Lätt5, B Ekman6, A Johanson7 and E M Erfurth1 1Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, 2Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Clinical Sciences, 3Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 4Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department 5 of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Correspondence 6 Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, Department of Endocrinology and Medical and Health Sciences, should be addressed 7 Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, and Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Skåne University Hospital, to E M Erfurth Lund, Sweden Email [email protected] Abstract Context: Patients with craniopharyngioma (CP) and hypothalamic lesions (HL) have cognitive deficits. Which neural pathways are affected is unknown. Objective: To determine whether there is a relationship between microstructural white matter (WM) alterations detected with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and cognition in adults with childhood-onset CP. Design: A cross-sectional study with a median follow-up time of 22 (6–49) years after operation. Setting: The South Medical Region of Sweden (2.5 million inhabitants). Participants: Included were 41 patients (24 women, ≥17 years) surgically treated for childhood-onset CP between 1958–2010 and 32 controls with similar age and gender distributions. HL was found in 23 patients. Main outcome measures: Subjects performed cognitive tests and magnetic resonance imaging, and images were analyzed using DTI of uncinate fasciculus, fornix, cingulum, hippocampus and hypothalamus as well as hippocampal European Journal European of Endocrinology volumetry. -
10041.Full.Pdf
The Journal of Neuroscience, July 23, 2014 • 34(30):10041–10054 • 10041 Systems/Circuits Frontal Cortical and Subcortical Projections Provide a Basis for Segmenting the Cingulum Bundle: Implications for Neuroimaging and Psychiatric Disorders Sarah R. Heilbronner and Suzanne N. Haber Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642 The cingulum bundle (CB) is one of the brain’s major white matter pathways, linking regions associated with executive function, decision-making, and emotion. Neuroimaging has revealed that abnormalities in particular locations within the CB are associated with specific psychiatric disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder. However, the fibers using each portion of the CB remain unknown. In this study, we used anatomical tract-tracing in nonhuman primates (Macaca nemestrina, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta)toexaminetheorganizationofspecificcingulate,noncingulatefrontal,andsubcorticalpathwaysthroughtheCB.Thegoalswere as follows: (1) to determine connections that use the CB, (2) to establish through which parts of the CB these fibers travel, and (3) to relate the CB fiber pathways to the portions of the CB identified in humans as neurosurgical targets for amelioration of psychiatric disorders. Results indicate that cingulate, noncingulate frontal, and subcortical fibers all travel through the CB to reach both cingulate and noncin- gulate targets. However, many brain regions send projections through only part, not all, of the CB. For example, amygdala fibers are not present in the caudal portion of the dorsal CB. These results allow segmentation of the CB into four unique zones. We identify the specific connections that are abnormal in psychiatric disorders and affected by neurosurgical interventions, such as deep brain stimulation and cingulotomy. -
Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans Ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai
Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai To cite this version: Hans ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai. Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Frontiers, 2018, 12, pp.93. 10.3389/fnana.2018.00093. hal-01929541 HAL Id: hal-01929541 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01929541 Submitted on 21 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. REVIEW published: 19 November 2018 doi: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00093 Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans J. ten Donkelaar 1*†, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer 2† and Jürgen K. Mai 3† 1 Department of Neurology, Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 2 IMN Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, 3 Institute for Anatomy, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany The gyri and sulci of the human brain were defined by pioneers such as Louis-Pierre Gratiolet and Alexander Ecker, and extensified by, among others, Dejerine (1895) and von Economo and Koskinas (1925). -
The Pre/Parasubiculum: a Hippocampal Hub for Scene- Based Cognition? Marshall a Dalton and Eleanor a Maguire
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect The pre/parasubiculum: a hippocampal hub for scene- based cognition? Marshall A Dalton and Eleanor A Maguire Internal representations of the world in the form of spatially which posits that one function of the hippocampus is to coherent scenes have been linked with cognitive functions construct internal representations of scenes in the ser- including episodic memory, navigation and imagining the vice of memory, navigation, imagination, decision-mak- future. In human neuroimaging studies, a specific hippocampal ing and a host of other functions [11 ]. Recent inves- subregion, the pre/parasubiculum, is consistently engaged tigations have further refined our understanding of during scene-based cognition. Here we review recent evidence hippocampal involvement in scene-based cognition. to consider why this might be the case. We note that the pre/ Specifically, a portion of the anterior medial hippocam- parasubiculum is a primary target of the parieto-medial pus is consistently engaged by tasks involving scenes temporal processing pathway, it receives integrated [11 ], although it is not yet clear why a specific subre- information from foveal and peripheral visual inputs and it is gion of the hippocampus would be preferentially contiguous with the retrosplenial cortex. We discuss why these recruited in this manner. factors might indicate that the pre/parasubiculum has privileged access to holistic representations of the environment Here we review the extant evidence, drawing largely from and could be neuroanatomically determined to preferentially advances in the understanding of visuospatial processing process scenes. pathways. We propose that the anterior medial portion of the hippocampus represents an important hub of an Address extended network that underlies scene-related cognition, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, and we generate specific hypotheses concerning the University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK functional contributions of hippocampal subfields. -
White Matter Abnormalities in Adults with Bipolar Disorder Type-II
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN White matter abnormalities in adults with bipolar disorder type‑II and unipolar depression Anna Manelis1*, Adriane Soehner1, Yaroslav O. Halchenko2, Skye Satz1, Rachel Ragozzino1, Mora Lucero1, Holly A. Swartz1, Mary L. Phillips1 & Amelia Versace1 Discerning distinct neurobiological characteristics of related mood disorders such as bipolar disorder type‑II (BD‑II) and unipolar depression (UD) is challenging due to overlapping symptoms and patterns of disruption in brain regions. More than 60% of individuals with UD experience subthreshold hypomanic symptoms such as elevated mood, irritability, and increased activity. Previous studies linked bipolar disorder to widespread white matter abnormalities. However, no published work has compared white matter microstructure in individuals with BD‑II vs. UD vs. healthy controls (HC), or examined the relationship between spectrum (dimensional) measures of hypomania and white matter microstructure across those individuals. This study aimed to examine fractional anisotropy (FA), radial difusivity (RD), axial difusivity (AD), and mean difusivity (MD) across BD‑II, UD, and HC groups in the white matter tracts identifed by the XTRACT tool in FSL. Individuals with BD‑II (n = 18), UD (n = 23), and HC (n = 24) underwent Difusion Weighted Imaging. The categorical approach revealed decreased FA and increased RD in BD‑II and UD vs. HC across multiple tracts. While BD‑II had signifcantly lower FA and higher RD values than UD in the anterior part of the left arcuate fasciculus, UD had signifcantly lower FA and higher RD values than BD‑II in the area of intersections between the right arcuate, inferior fronto‑occipital and uncinate fasciculi and forceps minor. -
The Papez Circuit & Perforant Pathway
The Papez Circuit & Perforant Pathway Neurology/Neurosciences - CME/MOC > Sleep, Memory, Movement > Sleep, Memory, Movement HIPPOCAMPAL PHYSIOLOGY: THE PAPEZ CIRCUIT & PERFORANT PATHWAY THE PAPEZ CIRCUIT: OVERVIEW Papez Circuit Physiology • It is the fundamental extra-hippocampal circuitry, which Papez introduced in 1937. • Originally believed to play a fundamental role in emotional processing/regulation but is now understood to be the cornerstone of memory processing/consolidation, instead. Steps The entorhinal cortex -> hippocampus -> mammillary nuclei -> anterior thalamic nuclei -> cingulate gyrus -> back to the entorhinal cortex* THE PERFORANT PATHWAY: OVERVIEW Perforant Pathway • The key intra-hippocampal circuitry (so-named because the entorhinal cortex projects through (perforates) the subiculum). • Whereas most cortical projections are bidirectional, the perforant pathway follows a specific unidirectional progression. Steps • Hippocampus: The dentate gyrus -> CA3 -> CA1 (via Schaffer collaterals) -> subiculum THE PAPEZ CIRCUIT: ANATOMY Key structures: the parahippocampal gyrus, the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus, the anterior thalamic nucleus, mammillary nucleus, and the cingulate gyrus and specify the neocortex (external to it). • The entorhinal cortex projects to the hippocampus. • The hippocampus projects via the fornix to the mammillary nuclei. • The mammillary nuclei project to the anterior thalamic nuclei via the mammillothalamic fasciculus (aka the Vicq d'Azyr bundle). • The anterior thalamic nuclei project to the cingulate gyrus. • The cingulate gyrus projects back to the entorhinal cortex via the cingulum to close the Papez circuit loop. The fornix divides into: 1 / 2 • Crus — vertical ascent. • Body — anterior projection underneath the corpus callosum. • Column — descent. Note that the fornix descends both anterior and posterior to the anterior commissure. Key extra-hippocampal projections. • The cingulate gyrus has reciprocal connections with the neocortex. -
The Surgical Prognostic Significance of the Electroencephalographic Prediction of Ammon's Horn Sclerosis in Epileptics by W
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.21.1.24 on 1 February 1958. Downloaded from J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 1958, 21, 24. THE SURGICAL PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC PREDICTION OF AMMON'S HORN SCLEROSIS IN EPILEPTICS BY W. A. KENNEDY and DENIS HILL BASED ON PATHOLOGICAL MATERIAL SUPPLIED BY J. B. CAVANAGH and A. MEYER From the Institute ofPsychiatry and the Guy's-Maudsley Neurosurgical Unit, London In a previous communication (Falconer, Hill, Jasper (1954) and recently by Rasmussen (1957). Meyer, Mitchell, and Pond, 1955) the results of The diagnostic and pathological data and the treating intractable temporal lobe epilepsy by tem- therapeutic effects of temporal lobectomy carried poral lobectomy were given. A survey was reported out on a larger series of 50 cases are now available of the clinical, electroencephalographic, radiological, and a preliminary report has been given (Falconer, and pathological findings in 31 cases. The follow-up Meyer, Hill, and Wilson, 1957). Following Earle etguest. Protected by copyright. study of the patients showed beneficial effects upon al. (1953) the pathological findings have been classi- the epilepsy and upon the personality disorder in a fied in two main groups. While all cases in which a proportion which compared very favourably with space-occupying lesion could be anticipated on most published series. The opinion was expressed clinical, radiological, or electroencephalographic that this was due to inclusion of the uncus, Ammon's grounds were excluded from the series, there were, horn, and possibly the amygdaloid nucleus in the nevertheless, 14 cases in which very small focal resected tissue. -
Subtemporal Transparahippocampal Amygdalohippocampectomy for Surgical Treatment of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Technical Note
Subtemporal transparahippocampal amygdalohippocampectomy for surgical treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy Technical note T. S. Park, M.D., Blaise F. D. Bourgeois, M.D., Daniel L. Silbergeld, M.D., and W. Edwin Dodson, M.D. Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri Amygdalohippocampectomy (AH) is an accepted surgical option for treatment of medically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Operative approaches to the amygdala and hippocampus that previously have been reported include: the sylvian fissure, the superior temporal sulcus, the middle temporal gyrus, and the fusiform gyrus. Regardless of the approach, AH permits not only extirpation of an epileptogenic focus in the amygdala and anterior hippocampus, but interruption of pathways of seizure spread via the entorhinal cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus. The authors report a modification of a surgical technique for AH via the parahippocampal gyrus, in which excision is limited to the anterior hippocampus, amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus while preserving the fusiform gyrus and the rest of the temporal lobe. Because transparahippocampal AH avoids injury to the fusiform gyrus and the lateral temporal lobe, it can be performed without intracarotid sodium amobarbital testing of language dominance and language mapping. Thus the operation would be particularly suitable for pediatric patients in whom intraoperative language mapping before resection is difficult. Key Words * amygdalohippocampectomy * complex partial seizure * parahippocampal gyrus * subtemporal approach Currently several different variations of temporal lobe resections are used for medically intractable complex partial seizures.[4,6,8,18,21,30,34] Among these operations is amygdalohippocampectomy (AH), first described in 1958 by Niemeyer,[16] who approached the amygdala and hippocampus through an incision on the middle temporal gyrus. -
1. Lateral View of Lobes in Left Hemisphere TOPOGRAPHY
TOPOGRAPHY T1 Division of Cerebral Cortex into Lobes 1. Lateral View of Lobes in Left Hemisphere 2. Medial View of Lobes in Right Hemisphere PARIETAL PARIETAL LIMBIC FRONTAL FRONTAL INSULAR: buried OCCIPITAL OCCIPITAL in lateral fissure TEMPORAL TEMPORAL 3. Dorsal View of Lobes 4. Ventral View of Lobes PARIETAL TEMPORAL LIMBIC FRONTAL OCCIPITAL FRONTAL OCCIPITAL Comment: The cerebral lobes are arbitrary divisions of the cerebrum, taking their names, for the most part, from overlying bones. They are not functional subdivisions of the brain, but serve as a reference for locating specific functions within them. The anterior (rostral) end of the frontal lobe is referred to as the frontal pole. Similarly, the anterior end of the temporal lobe is the temporal pole, and the posterior end of the occipital lobe the occipital pole. TOPOGRAPHY T2 central sulcus central sulcus parietal frontal occipital lateral temporal lateral sulcus sulcus SUMMARY CARTOON: LOBES SUMMARY CARTOON: GYRI Lateral View of Left Hemisphere central sulcus postcentral superior parietal superior precentral gyrus gyrus lobule frontal intraparietal sulcus gyrus inferior parietal lobule: supramarginal and angular gyri middle frontal parieto-occipital sulcus gyrus incision for close-up below OP T preoccipital O notch inferior frontal cerebellum gyrus: O-orbital lateral T-triangular sulcus superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri OP-opercular Lateral View of Insula central sulcus cut surface corresponding to incision in above figure insula superior temporal gyrus Comment: Insula (insular gyri) exposed by removal of overlying opercula (“lids” of frontal and parietal cortex). TOPOGRAPHY T3 Language sites and arcuate fasciculus. MRI reconstruction from a volunteer. central sulcus supramarginal site (posterior Wernicke’s) Language sites (squares) approximated from electrical stimulation sites in patients undergoing operations for epilepsy or tumor removal (Ojeman and Berger). -
The Nomenclature of Human White Matter Association Pathways: Proposal for a Systematic Taxonomic Anatomical Classification
The Nomenclature of Human White Matter Association Pathways: Proposal for a Systematic Taxonomic Anatomical Classification Emmanuel Mandonnet, Silvio Sarubbo, Laurent Petit To cite this version: Emmanuel Mandonnet, Silvio Sarubbo, Laurent Petit. The Nomenclature of Human White Matter Association Pathways: Proposal for a Systematic Taxonomic Anatomical Classification. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Frontiers, 2018, 12, pp.94. 10.3389/fnana.2018.00094. hal-01929504 HAL Id: hal-01929504 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01929504 Submitted on 21 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. REVIEW published: 06 November 2018 doi: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00094 The Nomenclature of Human White Matter Association Pathways: Proposal for a Systematic Taxonomic Anatomical Classification Emmanuel Mandonnet 1* †, Silvio Sarubbo 2† and Laurent Petit 3* 1Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France, 2Division of Neurosurgery, Structural and Functional Connectivity Lab, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy, 3Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives—UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France The heterogeneity and complexity of white matter (WM) pathways of the human brain were discretely described by pioneers such as Willis, Stenon, Malpighi, Vieussens and Vicq d’Azyr up to the beginning of the 19th century. -
Insights on the Connectivity of the Precuneus: Introducing the Retrosplenial Aslant Tract (RAT)
Insights on the Connectivity of the Precuneus: Introducing the Retrosplenial Aslant Tract (RAT). Georgios P. Skandalakis; Christos Koutsarnakis MD, MSc; Aristotelis Kalyvas; Dimitris G. Placantonakis MD PhD; John G. Golfinos MD; Constantinos G. Hadjipanayis MD PhD; Kostas N. Fountas MD PhD FAANS; Eftychia Z. Kapsalaki MD; George S. Stranjalis National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School Introduction the parieto-occipital sulcus, References Trajectory RAT fibers terminating at the The functional connectivity of and passing through the 1. Epstein et al. The cognitive map in temporal pole humans: spatial navigation and the precuneus with regions of parahippocampal place area beyond. Nature neuroscience. (2017) the medial temporal lobe is a (PPA), it curves laterally and 2. Wade-Bohleber et al. Thinking major component of our projects towards the temporal about the past to shape the present: default mode network and horn to finally reach the Neural activation during the recall of relationship episodes. Behavioural underlies high order temporal pole. (Figures 1,3,4) Brain Research (2018). functions.(1-5) Stronger On its way to the temporal 3. Hebscher et al. The precuneus and connectivity of these regions pole this tracts also displays hippocampus contribute to individual differences in the unfolding of spatial is corelated with higher connections with the lingual, Dark blue continuous lines, RAT representations during episodic cognitive performances(7) parahippocampal and fusiform trajectory; highlighted light blue, Left hemisphere infero-medial autobiographical memory. while in neurological and gyri, inferior longitudinal RAT Cortical Projections; CaF, view demonstrating the regional Neuropsychologia. (2018) psychiatric conditions this is fasciculus and hippocampal calcarine fissure; FuG, fusiform fiber tract anatomy after 4.