Economic and Social Statistics

2019 ii

Central Bank of Sri Lanka Statistics Department

Tel. : 2477579 Fax : 2477728 E-mail : [email protected] Web site : http://www.cbsl.gov.lk

Volume XLI

ISSN 1391 - 3611 ISBN 978 - 955 - 575 - 381 - 4

July 2019

Price : Rs. 300/-

Printed at Central Bank Printing Press, 58, Sri Jayewardenepura Mawatha, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka. Published by Statistics Department Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 30, Janadhipathi Mawatha, Colombo 01, Sri Lanka. iii

CONTENTS

1 Key Socio-Economic Indicators 4 National Accounts

Sri Lanka – Country Profile 1 4.1 Summary of National Accounts 27 1.1 Real Sector 2 4.2 GDP, GNI and Deflators (Factor Cost Prices) 1.2 Agriculture and Industry 3 1970 – 2018 28 1.3 Price and Wages 4 4.3 Gross Domestic Product at Constant Prices 1970 – 2018 29 1.4 Infrastructure 4 4.4 Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices 1.5 External Sector 5 1970 – 2018 30 1.6 Money and Interest Rates 6 4.5 Gross National Income by Industrial Origin 1.7 Money and Capital Markets 7 at Constant (2010) Prices 31 1.8 Government Finance 8 4.6 Gross National Income by Industrial Origin 1.9 Financial Institutions 8 at Current Market Prices 32 Selected Socio-Economic Indicators 4.7 Composition of Gross Domestic Product – Graphical Illustrations 9 at Current Market Prices 33 4.8 Investment and Savings 2 Climate (Current Market Prices) 34 4.9 Quarterly Estimates of GDP 2.1 Mean Temperature 11 [at (2010) Constant Prices] 34 2.2 Rainfall and Rainy Days 4.10 Aggregate Demand 35 – Hydro-Catchment Areas 11 4.11 Provincial Gross Domestic Product 2.3 Rainfall and Rainy Days by Industrial Origin at Current Market Prices 36 – Selected Stations 12 4.12 Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial 2.4 Humidity 13 Origin at Current Market Prices – 2016 37 4.13 Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial 3 Population and Labour Force Origin at Current Market Prices – 2017 39

3.1 Population by District and Sector 2001 and 2012 14 5 Agriculture

3.2 Population by Religion and Ethnicity 5.1 Tea 41 – Census Years 14 5.2 Rubber 42 3.3 Population by District, Religion and Ethnicity 5.3 Coconut 43 – 2012 Census 15 5.4 Minor Export Crops 44 3.4 Mid Year Population by Age Group 15 5.5 Paddy 45 3.5 Mid Year Population by Province and District 16 5.6 Subsidiary Food Crops 46 3.6 Population Density 17 5.7 Principal Crops by Province 47 3.7 Vital Statistics 17 5.8 Agricultural Crops – Yields, Farmgate Prices 3.8 Crude Birth Rates and Death Rates by District 18 and Costs of Cultivation – 2017 48 3.9 Labour Force 19 5.9 Agricultural Crops – Yields, Farmgate Prices 3.10 Employment 20 and Costs of Cultivation – 2018 49 3.11 Unemployment 21 5.10 Fish and Livestock 50 3.12 Public Sector Employment 22 5.11 National Livestock Statistics by District – 2017 51 3.13 Migration for Foreign Employment 23 5.12 National Livestock Statistics by District – 2018 51 3.14 Departures for Foreign Employment 5.13 Livestock and Poultry by Country 24 – Average Producer Prices – 2017 52 3.15 Departures for Foreign Employment 5.14 Livestock and Poultry by Skill Level, Age Group and Gender 25 – Average Producer Prices – 2018 52 3.16 Departures for Foreign Employment 5.15 Fish Production 53 by District, Province and Gender 26 5.16 Operating Fishing Craft by Province and Type 53 5.17 Cultivation Loans – Refinance Credit Schemes 54

(Continued) iv

CONTENTS

5.18 Plantation Sector 7.17 All Island Average Wages in the Informal Sector – Manpower, Extent, Production and Yield 55 – 2018 81 5.19 Settlements and Land Cultivated 7.18 Cost Indices for Construction 82 under Mahaweli Programme 56 8 external Trade and Finance 6 Industry 8.1 Summary of External Trade 83 6.1 Sugar 57 8.2 Selected Exports 84 6.2 Milk and Milk Products 57 8.3 Selected Imports 84 6.3 Textiles 58 8.4 Imports by Major Categories 85 6.4 Petroleum 59 8.5 Direction of Trade – Exports 86 6.5 Minerals 59 8.6 Direction of Trade – Imports 87 6.6 Cement 60 8.7 Central Bank Trade Indices – Volume 88 6.7 Electricity 60 8.8 Central Bank Trade Indices – Value 88 6.8 Gross Generation of Electricity 8.9 Central Bank Trade Indices – Unit Value 89 by Power Stations – 2017 and 2018 61 8.10 Exchange Rates – Year End 89 6.9 Electricity Sales by Province 62 8.11 Balance of Payments 90 6.10 Water – Consumers, Consumption 8.12 Workers’ Remittances 93 and Revenue by Province 63 8.13 Tourism 94 6.11 Board of Investment (BOI) Enterprises 65 8.14 External Debt and Debt Service Payments 95 7 Prices and Wages 9 money and Capital Markets 7.1 Colombo Consumers’ Price Index (1952=100) 66 9.1 Reserve Money 96 7.2 Consumer Price Indices 67 9.2 Money Supply 97 7.3 Consumer Price Indices – National Consumer Price Index 68 9.3 Broad Money Supply (M2b) 98 7.4 Producer’s Price Index 68 9.4 Interest Rates 99 7.5 Average Retail Prices of 9.5 Government Debt Securities Market 100 Selected Consumer Items 69 9.6 Share Market Indicators 101 7.6 Average Retail Prices of Selected Food Items 9.7 Share Trading Indicators by Provinces 71 by Business Sector 102 7.7 Average Producer Prices of Selected Items 72 9.8 Share Trading Indicators 7.8 Average Producer Prices of by Major Companies 106 Selected Food Items by Provinces 73 9.9 Share Issues 108 7.9 Retail Prices of Selected Food Items in Selected Districts – 2017 74 10 government Finance 7.10 Retail Prices of Selected Food Items in Selected Districts – 2018 75 10.1 Summary of Fiscal Operations 109 7.11 Nominal Wage Rate Indices 1965 – 2018 76 10.2 Functional Classification 7.12 Average Daily Wage Rates of Recurrent Expenditure 110 in Selected Activities 77 10.3 Functional Classification 7.13 Minimum Wage Rate Indices of Workers of Capital Expenditure and Lending 110 in Wages Board Trades 78 10.4 Government Revenue 111 7.14 Wage Rate Indices 10.5 Central Government Domestic Debt 112 of Government Employees 79 10.6 Central Government Foreign Debt 113 7.15 Wage Rate Indices of Informal Private Sector 10.7 Revenue and Expenditure Employees 80 of Provincial Councils 114 7.16 All Island Average Wages in the Informal Sector – 2017 80

(Continued) v

CONTENTS

11 banking and Financial Institutions 13.8 Government School Teachers and Pupils by Province and District 143 11.1 Assets and Liabilities of the Central Bank 115 13.9 Government Schools 11.2 Selected Financial Highlights by Size of Student Population 144 of Commercial Banks 116 13.10 Government School Teachers 11.3 Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks 117 by Category of Appointment 146 11.4 Mobilization of Deposits by Type of Deposit 118 13.11 New Admissions in Government Schools 148 11.5 Deposits of Commercial Banks by Ownership 118 13.12 Government Schools 11.6 Commercial Banks’ Loans and Advances by Type, Pupils and Teachers 149 to the Private Sector 119 13.13 Performance of Candidates 11.7 Number of Bank Branches by Province 120 – GCE (O/L) and GCE (A/L) 149 11.8 Bank Branches and Banking Density by District 121 13.14 GCE (O/L) Examination – Performance of School Candidates 150 11.9 Bank Branch Network 122 13.15 GCE (A/L) Examination 11.10 Non-Bank Financial Institutions 123 – Performance of School Candidates 150 11.11 Unit Trusts 124 13.16 University Education 151 11.12 Summary of Co-operative Rural Banks 13.17 Eligibility, Admission and Enrollment and Credit Societies 124 of Students for University Education 152 13.18 University Admission by Province and District 153 Transportation 12 13.19 University Admission by Academic Stream and District 154 12.1 Road Network 125 13.20 University Admission 12.2 Road Kilometerage by Province by Academic Stream and Ethnicity 156 and District – 2018 125 13.21 Technical Colleges 157 12.3 Road Kilometerage by Province 126 13.22 Information of Libraries in Sri Lanka 158 12.4 Motor Vehicles by Province 127 13.23 Libraries in Sri Lanka by Provice 158 12.5 New Registration of Motor Vehicles 128 13.24 National Library Data of Sri Lanka 158 12.6 SLTB / Regional Bus Companies 128 13.25 Health Services 159 12.7 Sri Lanka Railways 129 13.26 Selected Public Health Personnel 160 12.8 Aviation – SriLankan Airlines 130 13.27 Public Health Personnel by District – 2017 161 12.9 Port Services 130 13.28 Activities of Health Campaigns 162 12.10 Selected Public Transport Indicators by Province 131 13.29 Postal Services 163 13.30 Telecommunication Services 164 13 Socio – Economic Services 13.31 Mass Media 164 13.32 Prisoners 165 13.1 National Level Findings of the 13.33 Prisoners by District 166 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) by Survey Period – Sri Lanka 132 13.34 Selected Demography of Prisoners 167 13.2 Average Monthly Household Expenditure on Selected Food/Non-Food Items 14 Sri Lanka and Asia by HIES Survey Period – Sri Lanka 133 13.3 Poverty Indicators by Sector, Province 14.1 Demographic Indicators: and District 134 SAARC Countries 168 13.4 Daily Average Dietary Energy Consumption 14.2 Demographic Indicators: per Person by Poverty Status, Sector, Province Selected East Asian Countries 168 and District – 2012/13 and 2016 135 14.3 National Accounts Indicators: 13.5 Housing Conditions and Ownership of Durable SAARC Countries 169 Goods – 2009/10, 2012/13 and 2016 136 14.4 National Accounts Indicators: 13.6 Key Socio-Economic Indicators Selected East Asian Countries 170 – 2009/10, 2012/13 and 2016 139 14.5 Inflation: Sri Lanka and Selected Countries 171 13.7 General Education 142

(Continued) vi

CONTENTS

14.6 External Trade and Finance Indicators: 15 World Tables SAARC Countries 172 14.7 External Trade and Finance Indicators: 15.1 World Tea Production Selected East Asian Countries 173 – Land Area, Exports and Imports 178 14.8 Monetary and Fiscal Operations: 15.2 Growth of Real GDP 180 SAARC Countries 174 15.3 Consumer Price Changes 181 14.9 Monetary and Fiscal Operations: 15.4 Exports 182 Selected East Asian Countries 175 15.5 Imports 183 14.10 Social Indicators: 15.6 Human Development Index (HDI) SAARC Countries 176 and Sub Indices of HDI – 2017 184 14.11 Social Indicators: 15.7 Human Development Index 185 Selected East Asian Countries 176 14.12 Doing Business Ranking – 2019: SAARC Countries 177 14.13 Doing Business Ranking – 2019: Selected East Asian Countries 177 1 key socio-Economic indicators

Sri Lanka – Country Profile

Sq.km. ’000 ha. Mn. acres SOCIAL INDICATORS AREA Gross 65,610 6,561.0 16.2 Human Development Index (2017) – 0.770 Excluding Inland Waters 62,705 6,270.5 15.5 (min.0.0, max. 1.0)

Temperature (2017) Low Country, min. 24.1 ºC max. 27.1 ºC Life Expectancy, Years (2017) – 75.5 (75.4) ºF (80.8) ºF (Average) CLIMATE Hill Country, min. 18.1 ºC max. 31.8 ºC (64.6) ºF (89.2) ºF Literacy Rate(a)(b), % (2017) Annual Rainfall (Avg.) (2017) – 1,944 mm Average 92.6 Male 93.6 Mid-year Population(b)(c) (’000) 21,444 (2017) 21,670 (2018) Female 91.7

Population Growth (%) 1.1 (2017) 1.1 (2018) ECONOMY Mid Year Land Area Density of Province Population REAL SECTOR (Sq.km.) Population (2018) ’000 GDP at Market Prices(d) rs Bn. uS$ Bn. (e) Western 6,129 3,593 1,706 2016 11,996 82.4 Central 2,750 5,575 493 2017(b)(e) 13,418 88.0 (b) Southern 2,637 5,383 490 2018 14,450 88.9 Northern 1,131 8,290 136 Per Capita GDP(d) rs. US$ Eastern 1,710 9,361 183 2016(e) 565,773 3,886 North Western 2,536 7,506 338 2017(b)(e) 625,736 4,104 North Central 1,366 9,741 140 2018(b) 666,817 4,102 Uva 1,364 8,335 164 Growth of GDP (in Real Terms)(d) % Sabaragamuwa 2,047 4,921 416 2016(e) 4.5 (b)(e) Total 21,670 62,705 346 2017 3.4 2018(b) 3.2 Composition of Population (Census of Population and Housing – 2012) Sectoral Composition of GDP(d), % DEMOGRA PH Y Agri- Indus- Servi- Taxes less By Ethnicity % By Religion % culture try ces Subsidies Buddhist 70.1 Sinhalese 74.9 on Products Hindu 12.6 Sri Lankan Tamil 11.2 2016(e) 7.1 26.5 56.7 9.6 Islam 9.7 Indian Tamil 4.1 2017(b)(e) 6.9 26.7 56.8 9.6 Christian & Roman Sri Lankan Moor 9.3 (b) Catholic 7.6 2018 7.0 26.1 57.7 9.2 Other 0.5 Other … Unemployment(a), % of Labour Force By Sector % By Age Groups % 2016 4.4 Urban 18.2 0 – 14 25.2 2017 4.2 (b) Rural 77.4 15 – 59 62.4 2018 4.4 Estate 4.4 60 & above 12.4 Inflation(f), Annual Average % Change NCPI CCPI 2016 4.0 4.0 2016 2017 2018(b) 2017 7.7 6.6 Exports (Goods, Services) Rs.Bn. 2,540 2,910 3,292 2018 2.1 4.3 US$ Mn. 17,448 19,084 20,264 MONETARY SECTOR Imports (Goods, Services) Rs.Bn. 3,414 3,873 4,354 US$ Mn. 23,442 25,401 26,841 Reserve Money rs.Bn. growth % 2016 856.1 27.1 External Assets(g) Rs.Bn. 1,263 1,595 1,751 2017 939.8 9.8 US$ Mn. 8,433 10,436 9,583 2018(b) 961.1 2.3

EXTERNAL S ECTOR External Debt Rs.Bn. 6,899 7,888 9,559 Narrow Money (M ) rs.Bn. growth % US$ Mn. 46,418 51,604 52,310 1 2016 776.6 8.6 % of GDP 56.8 58.6 58.7 2017 793.3 2.1 Exchange Rate (Avg.) Rs./US$ 145.60 152.46 162.54 2018(b) 830.8 4.7 Rs./SDR 202.39 211.49 229.90 Broad Money (M2) rs.Bn. growth % Revenue and Grants Rs.Bn. 1,693.6 1,839.6 1,932.5 2016 4,823.6 18.9 2017 5,665.3 17.5 Expenditure & Net Lending Rs.Bn. 2,333,9 2,573.1 2,693.2 2018(b) 6,427.3 13.5 Budget Deficit Rs.Bn. -640.3 -733.5 -760.8 Broad Money (M ) rs.Bn. growth % (h) (h) 2b % of GDP -5.3 -5.5 -5.3 2016 5,405.6 18.4 F I S CAL ECTOR Central Government Debt Rs.Bn. 9,387.3 10,313.0 11,977.5 2017 6,308.1 16.7 (b) % of GDP 78.3(h) 76.9(h) 82.9 2018 7,128.3 13.0

(a) Based on Quarterly Labour Force Survey, (d) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP (g) Calculated at market value and includes Asian Clearing Union receipts. Department of Census and Statistics. estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics. (h) Based on revised GDP estimates made available on 19 March 2019 by the (b) Provisional. (e) Revised Department of Census and Statistics. (c) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2012. (f) NCPI (2013 = 100) and CCPI (2013 = 100) … Negligible 2 key socio-Economic indicators

Table 1.1 Real Sector 2010 – 2018

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Demography Mid Year Population(b), ’000 20,675 20,892 20,425 20,585 20,778(c) 20,966(a) 21,203(a) 21,444(a) 21,670 Mid Year Population Growth, % 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9(a) 1.1(a) 1.1(a) 1.1 Labour Force, Participation Rate % (% of Household Population)(d) 48.1(e) 52.9(f) 52.5(f) 53.7(f) 53.2(f) 53.8(f) 53.8(f) 54.1(f) 51.8(f) Unemployment, % of Labour Force(d) 4.9(e) 4.2(f) 4.0(f) 4.4(f) 4.3(f) 4.7(f) 4.4(f) 4.2(f) 4.4(f) National Accounts(g) GNI (Market Prices) : Rs. Bn. 6,344 7,147 8,578 9,366 10,125 10,676 11,676(c) 13,065(a)(c) 14,058 US $ Bn. 56.1 64.6 67.2 72.5 77.6 78.5 80.2(c) 85.7(a)(c) 86.5 Per Capita GNI(h) : Rs. 306,839 342,096 419,955 454,993 487,298 509,200 550,697(c) 609,281(a)(c) 648,731 US $ 2,714 3,094 3,291 3,524 3,732 3,746 3,782(c) 3,996(a)(c) 3,991 GDP (Market Prices) : Rs. Bn. 6,414 7,219 8,732 9,592 10,361 10,951 11,996(c) 13,418(a)(c) 14,450 US $ Bn. 56.7 65.3 68.4 74.3 79.4 80.6 82.4(c) 88.0(a)(c) 88.9 Real GDP Growth, % 8.0(i) 8.4 9.1 3.4 5.0 5.0 4.5(c) 3.4(a)(c) 3.2

GDP by Economic Activities, constant Prices,% of GDP(g) Agriculture 8.5 8.2 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.1(c) 6.9(a)(c) 7.0 Industry 26.6 26.9 26.8 27.0 26.9 26.2 26.5(c) 26.7(a)(c) 26.1 Services 54.6 54.9 55.9 56.2 56.1 56.6 56.7(c) 56.8(a)(c) 57.7 Taxes less Subsidies on Products 10.2 10.0 9.4 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.6(c) 9.6(a)(c) 9.2 Expenditure and Savings at (g) current Market Prices, % of GDP Consumption 76.9 79.8 72.8 75.4 75.8 76.4 79.4(c) 78.3(a)(c) 78.8 Private Consumption 68.5 71.3 65.2 67.6 67.4 67.4 71.0(c) 69.9(a)(c) 69.8 Government Consumption 8.5 8.6 7.6 7.8 8.4 9.0 8.5(c) 8.4(a)(c) 9.0 Investment 30.4 33.4 39.1 33.2 32.3 31.2 27.9(c) 28.8(a)(c) 28.6 Domestic Savings 23.1 20.2 27.2 24.6 24.2 23.6 20.6(c) 21.7(a)(c) 21.2 National Savings 28.5 26.3 33.3 29.9 29.8 28.8 25.7(c) 26.2(a)(c) 25.4

Sources : Registrar General's Department Department of Census and Statistics

(a) Provisional. (e) Including Eastern Province and excluding Northern Province. (b) Estimates upto 2011 are based on Census of Population and Housing 2001 (f) Data covers the entire island. and from 2012 onwards, estimates are based on the Census of Population (g) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates of the Department and Housing 2012. of Census and Statistics. (c) Revised. (h) Estimates updated with latest population figures. (d) Data upto 2010 are for the household population aged 10 years and above (i) Data is under the 2002 base year. and data from 2011 onwards are for the household population aged 15 years Note: In July 2016, the Department of Census and Statistics published a and above. re-weighted and revised labour force data series for 2011 onwards.

Growth in Major Economic Activities (Constant 2010 Prices)

8.0

4.0 Per cent 0.0

--4.0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Agriculture Industry Services Real GDP Growth 3 key socio-Economic indicators

Table 1.2 Agriculture and Industry

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Principal Agricultural Production Paddy, M.T. ’000 4,301 3,894 3,846 4,621 3,381 4,819 4,420 2,383 3,930 Bushels, Mn. 206 187 184 221 162 231 212 114 188 Tea, Mn. Kgs. 331 328 328 340 338 329 293 307 304 Rubber, Mn. Kgs. 153 158 152 130 99 89 79 83 83 Coconut, Mn. Nuts 2,584 2,808 2,940 2,513 2,870 3,056 3,011 2,450 2,623

Agricultural Exports, Rs. Bn. 260.6 279.5 297.7 333.9 364.8 337.0 338.7 422.0 418.9 Tea 162.8 164.9 180.4 199.4 212.6 182.1 184.8 233.3 231.8 Rubber 19.6 22.8 15.7 9.2 5.9 3.5 4.8 5.9 5.1 Coconut 18.7 29.4 26.6 26.5 46.5 47.7 53.3 53.0 50.5 Other Agricultural Crops 59.5 62.4 75.0 98.8 99.7 103.7 95.9 129.7 131.6

Industrial Exports, Rs. Bn. 688.8 883.8 938.8 1,001.8 1,078.7 1,087.9 1,155.7 1,302.6 1,506.2 Textiles & Garments 379.2 463.5 508.6 583.0 643.7 654.8 710.8 767.3 866.0 Petroleum Products 29.8 61.2 58.9 55.1 44.1 50.5 41.8 66.3 101.5 Other Industrial Products 279.8 359.1 371.3 363.6 390.9 382.7 403.1 469.0 538.8 Factory Industry Production Index(b) (2010=100) 100.0 107.2 108.8 108.3 114.9 125.4 122.0 n.a. n.a. Index of Industrial Producton (IIP)(c) (2015=100) – – – – – 100.0 103.3 105.8 106.7

Petroleum Local Refined Products, MT ’000 1,589 1,814 1,432 1,526 1,640 1,581 1,624 1,540 1,570 Petrol 158 206 152 144 152 154 166 165 165 Auto Diesel 442 501 411 390 496 510 583 509 568 Kerosene 93 93 75 57 65 75 104 57 35 Furnace Oil 686 779 648 724 641 552 479 432 424 Aviation Fuel 126 155 93 125 168 155 148 236 237 Naphtha 84 80 71 87 117 135 144 142 141

BOI Enterprises Investments, Rs. Bn. 861.1 1,032.6 1,280.8 1,512.0 1,755.7 1,991.8 2,179.8 2,571.4 3,301.8 Employment, ’000 426 451 476 483 485 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

(a) Provisional Sources : Department of Census and Statistics (b) FIPI based on ISIC Revision 4 classification. Sri Lanka Customs (c) Based on the IIP (2015=100) compiled by the Department of Census and Statistics and Ceylon Petroleum Corporation indices are classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Revision 4. Central Bank of Sri Lanka n.a. – Not available Note : Industrial Production Index (IPI) has been renamed as the Factory Industry Production Index (FIPI) in 2013.

Plantation Sector Production

400 3,250

3,000 300

2,750

200

2,500 Million Nuts Million kgs.

100 2,250

0 2,000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Tea Rubber Coconut (Right) 4 key socio-Economic indicators

Table 1.3 Price and Wages

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Price Indices – Twelve Month Average Colombo Consumers’ Price Index (2002 = 100)(b) 219.1 – – – – – – – – Change ( % ) 5.9 – – – – – – – – Colombo Consumer Price Index (2006/07 = 100)(c)(d) 141.9 151.5 162.9 174.2 179.9 181.5 188.3 – – Change ( % ) 6.2 6.7 7.6 6.9 3.3 0.9 3.7 – – Colombo Consumer Price Index (2013 = 100)(e) – – – – 105.1 107.4 111.7 119.0 124.1 Change ( % ) – – – – – 2.2 4.0 6.6 4.3 National Consumer Price Index (2013 = 100) – – – – 105.5 109.5 113.8 122.6 125.2 Change ( % ) – – – – – 3.8 4.0 7.7 2.1 Producer’s Price Index (2013 Quarter 4 = 100) – – – 101.6 105.3 107.1 125.3 133.2 Change ( % ) – – – – 3.6 1.7 17.0 6.3 Implicit GDP Deflator (1996 = 100) 338.9 351.8 389.9 414.3 426.3 429.1 449.9(f) 486.6(a)(f) 507.7 Change ( % ) 7.3 3.8 10.8 6.2 2.9 0.6 4.8(f) 8.2(a)(f) 4.3 Construction Cost Index (1990 = 100) 465.9 490.9 550.9 590.4 604.9 621.3 643.4 677.0 706.0 Change ( % ) 2.1 5.4 12.2 7.2 2.5 2.7 3.6 5.2 4.3

Wage Rate Indices – Twelve Month Average Central Govt. Employees (2012 = 100) – – – 106.3 117.5 154.8 160.8 160.8 161.0 Change ( % ) – – – – 10.5 31.7 3.9 0.0 0.1 Workers in Wages Board Trades (1978 Dec. = 100) 2,865.3 2,996.1 3,662.0 3,869.2 4,012.2 4,127.1 4,127.9 4,128.6 4,155.2 Change ( % ) 32.0 4.6 22.2 5.7 3.7 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.6 Informal Private Sector Employees (2012 = 100) – – – 109.8 118.1 126.7 136.7 149.7 169.5 Change ( % ) – – – – 7.6 7.3 7.9 9.5 13.2

(a) Provisional (d) Discontinued from January 2017. Sources : Department of Census and Statistics (b) Discontinued from June 2011. (e) The rebased CCPI (2013=100) has Construction Industry Development Authority (c) The rebased CCPI (2006/07=100) has replaced CCPI (2006/07=100) from January 2017 Central Bank of Sri Lanka replaced CCPI (2002=100) from June 2011. (f) Revised Table 1.4 Infrastructure

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Electricity Available Capacity, MW 2,817 3,148 3,312 3,362 3,932 3,847 4,018 4,138 4,085 Generation, GWh 10,714 11,528 11,801 11,898 12,357 13,090 14,149 14,671 15,255 Telecommunication Telephones – Wireline Telephones 896,710 941,780 999,354 1,062,065 1,123,126 1,128,291 1,166,348 1,198,483 1,215,967 Cellular Phones 17,267,407 18,319,447 20,324,070 20,315,150(b) 22,123,000 24,384,544 26,227,631 28,199,083 32,528,104 Wireless Local Loop 2,637,865 2,666,612 2,450,037(c) 1,644,722(b) 1,586,722 1,472,905 1,384,084 1,404,695 1,268,649 Public Pay Phones (No. of Booths) 6,958 6,458 6,983 6,773 6,642 5,809 5,301 5,137 5,091 Telephone Density (Telephones per 1,000 persons, including cellular phones) 1,007 1,051 1,164 1,119 1,196 1,287 1,357 1,436 1,616 Internet Connections(d) 502,000 844,749 1,365,655 2,009,456 3,396,295 4,090,920 4,920,554 5,904,260 7,263,161 Port Services (Colombo) Vessels Arrived 3,910 4,124 3,870 3,667 3,742 4,197 4,405 4,329 4,331 Cargo Discharged, MT ’000 34,307 36,642 36,721 37,453 41,540 43,271 47,982 51,955 57,274 Cargo Loaded, MT ’000 24,461 25,373 24,949 26,029 29,254 30,447 33,896 37,079 42,877 Container Throughput, TEU ’000 4,137 4,263 4,187 4,306 4,908 5,185 5,735 6,209 7,047

Transportation Road Kilometerage (A & B Class) 12,019 12,019 12,165 12,169 12,208 12,210 12,210 12,210 12,220 New Registration of Motor Vehicles, No. 359,243 525,421 397,295 326,651 429,556 668,907 493,328 451,653 480,799 SLTB / Regional Bus Companies Buses Operated (Daily Average) 4,441 4,365 4,314 4,373 4,226 5,284 5,315 5,266 5,227 Passenger Kilometers, Mn. 11,815 11,907 11,909 12,201 12,717 15,210 16,144 15,810 15,541 Private Operator Buses 19,805 19,699 20,444 19,651 20,421 19,397 19,614 19,998 20,030 Sri Lanka Railways Passenger Kilometers, Mn. 4,353 4,574 5,039 6,257 6,842 7,407 7,413 7,495 7,710 Freight Ton Kilometers, Mn. 163 154 142 133 130 130 140 145 120 SriLankan Air Lines Passengers, ’000 2,808 3,010 4,164 4,019 4,169 4,314 4,476 5,355 5,882 Freight, MT ’000 83.1 90.0 98.0 100.0 96 103 113.0 124.0 136.0

(a) Provisional (c) Wireless Local Loop telephones declined in 2012 due the rectification (b) Wireless Local Loop telephones and Cellular phones declined in 2013 due to of statistical reportings subsequent to the merger of two companies. a revision in the classification of active subscribers in January 2013. (d) Including mobile internet connections from 2010 onwards. 5 key socio-Economic indicators

Table 1.5 External Sector

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a) 2018(b)

Balance of Payments (Billions of Rupees) Trade Balance -545.3 -1,073.9 -1,196.3 -979.1 -1,082.0 -1,141.0 -1,293.6 -1,466.1 -1,673.1 Services Account (net) 79.8 121.6 160.8 152.5 245.5 316.2 419.3 503.3 611.2 Primary Income Account (net) -69.8 -72.0 -154.9 -226.1 -236.1 -274.7 -319.7 -352.9 -391.9 Secondary Income Account (net) 413.9 513.2 688.6 728.7 813.1 842.1 939.8 964.3 999.5 Current Account Balance -121.5 -511.1 -501.9 -324.0 -259.4 -257.5 -254.2 -351.3 -454.3 Overall Balance 88.0 -105.8 72.6 143.6 180.9 -129.7 -46.0 330.0 -4.4

Balance of Payments (Millions of US Dollars) Trade Balance -4,825 -9,710 -9,417 -7,609 -8,287 -8,388 -8,873 -9,619 -10,343 Services Account (net) 707 1,099 1,262 1,180 1,880 2,325 2,879 3,302 3,766 Primary Income Account (net) -617 -647 -1,219 -1,751 -1,808 -2,013 -2,202 -2,319 -2,399 Secondary Income Account (net) 3,660 4,643 5,392 5,639 6,227 6,193 6,453 6,327 6,163 Current Account Balance -1,075 -4,615 -3,982 -2,541 -1,988 -1,883 -1,742 -2,309 -2,814 Overall Balance 921 -1,059 151 985 1,369 -1,489 -500 2,068 -1,103

Balance of Payments (Per cent of GDP)(c) Trade Balance -8.5 -14.9 -13.8 -10.2 -10.4 -10.4 -10.9 -11.0 -11.6 Secondary Income Account (net) 6.5 7.1 7.9 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.9 7.2 6.9 Current Account Balance -1.9 -7.1 -5.8 -3.4 -2.5 -2.3 -2.1 -2.6 -3.2

Terms of Trade(d) (2010=100) 100.0 90.9 89.6 93.8 97.6 100.2 104.2 105.6 105.6

Total External Assets Rs. Bn. 956.5 910.0 1,091.8 1,121.0 1,295.3 1,345.1 1,263.3 1,595.3 1,751.2 US $ Mn. 8,621 7,991 8,586 8,574 9,884 9,337 8,433 10,436 9,583 In Months of Imports 7.7 4.7 5.4 5.7 6.1 5.9 5.3 6.0 5.2

External Debt Rs. Bn. 2,755.0 3,730.0 4,717.3 5,217.7 5,623.8 6,459.7 6,899.3 7,887.9 9,559.5 US $ Mn. 21,438 32,748 37,098 39,905 42,914 44,839 46,418 51,604 52,310 % of GDP(c) 37.8 50.2 54.2 53.7 54.1 55.7 56.8 58.6 58.7 Debt Service as a % of Exports of Merchandise and Services, Income & Current Transfers(d)(e) 11.9 9.3 13.5 18.7 15.2 19.8 18.0 17.3 21.3

Tourist Arrivals, ’000 654.5 856.0 1,005.6 1,274.6 1,527.2 1,798.4 2,050.8 2,116.4 2,333.8

Exchange Rates (Annual Average) Rs. / US dollar 113.06 110.57 127.60 129.11 130.56 135.94 145.60 152.46 162.54 Rs. / SDR 172.50 174.54 195.38 196.19 198.35 190.16 202.39 211.49 229.90 Rs. / Pound sterling 174.81 177.23 202.28 202.08 215.16 207.99 197.15 196.47 216.67 Rs. / Euro 150.10 153.86 164.01 171.51 173.47 150.84 161.16 171.73 191.71 Rs. / Yen 1.29 1.39 1.60 1.32 1.24 1.12 1.34 1.36 1.47 Rs. / Indian rupees 2.49 2.39 2.39 2.21 2.14 2.12 2.17 2.34 2.38

(a) Revised Sources : Sri Lanka Customs (b) Provisional Central Bank of Sri Lanka (c) Based on GDP at current market prices in rupees, as published by the Department of Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority Census and Statistics. (d) External debt service payments were reclassified from 2008 onwards to capture debt servicing of government securities (i.e., foreign holding of Treasury Bonds) in accordance with the External Debt Statistics Manual (2003) of the International Monetary Fund. (e) Based on External debt service payment figures in US dollar. 6 key socio-Economic indicators

Table 1.6 Money and Interest Rates

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Reserve Money, Rs. Bn. 360.5 439.5 484.4 488.6 577.9 673.4 856.1 939.8 961.1

Monetary Aggregates, Rs. Bn.

Narrow Money (M1), Rs. Bn. 407.2 438.7 450.0 484.6 612.2 715.0 776.6 793.3 830.8 Broad Money (M2), Rs. Bn. 1,813.0 2,192.6 2,593.2 3,058.8 3,460.6 4,057.2 4,823.6 5,665.3 6,427.3 Broad Money (M2b), Rs. Bn. 2,091.4 2,491.7 2,929.1 3,417.9 3,875.9 4,565.9 5,405.6 6,308.1 7,128.3 Currency, Rs. Bn. 216.5 242.9 251.5 264.6 329.4 388.1 429.5 439.4 473.1 Demand Deposits, Rs. Bn. 190.6 195.8 198.5 220.0 282.7 326.9 347.1 353.9 357.7 Quasi Money, Rs. Bn. 1,684.2 2,053.0 2,479.0 2,933.3 3,263.7 3,850.9 4,629.0 5,514.8 6,297.5

% Change of : M2 18.0 20.9 18.3 18.0 13.1 17.2 18.9 17.5 13.5 M2b 15.8 19.1 17.6 16.7 13.4 17.8 18.4 16.7 13.0 Domestic Credit, Rs. Bn. 2,262.9 3,038.0 3,696.1 4,200.8 4,640.1 5,732.0 6,671.7 7,504.7 8,832.0 Monetary Authorities, Rs. Bn. 76.9 262.7 278.8 114.0 149.7 229.9 413.0 225.1 471.3 Domestic Banking Units, Rs. Bn. 1,843.6 2,365.7 2,897.3 3,487.7 3,773.5 4,598.1 5,436.1 6,390.9 7,211.6 Off-Shore Banking Units, Rs. Bn. 342.3 409.6 519.9 599.1 716.9 904.1 822.6 888.7 1,149.0

Money Multiplier : for M2 5.03 4.99 5.35 6.26 5.99 6.02 5.63 6.03 6.69 for M2b 5.80 5.67 6.05 7.00 6.71 6.78 6.31 6.71 7.42 (b) (b) Velocity : of M2 3.86 3.59 3.64 3.36 3.19 2.94 2.73 2.53 2.36 (b) (b) of M2b 3.34 3.15 3.17 2.99 2.85 2.62 2.43 2.27 2.13 Interest Rates (Year End),% Bank Rate 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 Prime Lending Rate (Monthly) 9.27 10.49 14.29 9.96 6.35 7.40 11.73 11.33 11.94 Treasury Bill Yield : Primary – 3 Months 7.24 8.68 10.00 7.54 5.74 6.45 8.72 7.69 10.01 Treasury Bill Yield : Primary – 6 Months 7.35 8.71 11.32 7.85 5.84 6.83 9.63 8.30 9.99 Treasury Bill Yield : Primary – 12 Months 7.55 9.31 11.69 8.29 6.01 7.30 10.17 8.90 11.20 Standing Deposit Facility Rate (SDFR)(c) 7.25 7.00 7.50 6.50 6.50 6.00 7.00 7.25 8.00 Standing Lending Facility Rate (SLFR)(c) 9.00 8.50 9.50 8.50 8.00 7.50 8.50 8.75 9.00 Treasury Bonds Yield to Maturity(d) 8.27 7.77 13.62 10.87 8.93 6.70 11.04 9.83 10.72 Rupee Securities Rate – – – – – – – – – Call Money Rate 7.75–8.15 8.75–9.10 9.50–9.85 7.50–7.75 6.00–6.50 6.40 8.40–8.44 8.10–8.25 8.90–9.00

Deposit Rates Commercial Banks – AWDR(e) 6.23 7.24 10.10 9.37 6.20 6.20 8.17 9.07 8.81 NSB - Savings Deposits 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.25 4.00 4.00 Fixed Deposits – 12 Months 8.50 8.50 12.50 9.50 6.50 7.25 11.00 11.00 10.50

(a) Provisional Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (b) Revised (c) The Repurchase Rate and the Reverse Repurchase Rate of the Central Bank were renamed as the Standing Deposit Facility Rate (SDFR) and Standing Lending Facility Rate (SLFR), respectively, w.e.f. 2 January 2014. (d) Treasury bond yield to maturity are for the lowest tenure issued during the year. (e) AWDR : Average Weighted Deposit Rate.

Movement of Selected Market Interest Rates

16 Monthly AWPR Standing Deposit Facility Rate 14 AWDR Standing Lending Facility Rate 91-day Treasury bills 12

10 Per cent 8

4 Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 7 key socio-Economic indicators

Table 1.7 Money and Capital Markets

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Call Money, Rs. Bn. 996.1 2,433.8 3,179.1 2,079.2 2,198.4 2,827.9 3,493.4 3,900.4 4,196.2 Treasury Bills, Rs. Bn. Primary Market Issues 1,000.1 1,164.6 1,650.0 1,235.3 1,121.7 1,589.5 1,635.4 1,624.3 1,653.3 Outstanding (Year End)(b) 571.8 661.0 709.3 774.1 750.3 663.3 792.4 724.7 758.8 Central Bank Secondary Market Rs. Bn. Repurchases (Repo) 10,722.8 14,489.8 2,721.9 5,677.4 3,457.5 750.2 251.9 3,327.7 1,530.3 Reverse Repurchases (Reverse Repo) 0.0 141.0 797.9 187.4 4.0 44.4 3,937.7 1,049.6 3,385.7 Other – Sales(c) 13.3 – 18.4 128.8 – 127.9 39.6 110.3 63.7 Purchases(c) – – – – – – 15.8 – 40.5 Central Bank T-Bill Holdings (Net of Repo Book Value)(d) 2.3 167.3 163.3 13.3 3.1 79.1 330.1 25.6 274.2 Outstanding CBSL Securities(e) 95.1 – – – – – – – Standing Deposit Facility(f) – – – – 5,181.6 17,989.8 5,572.7 3,954.9 4,502.9 Standing Lending Facility(f) – – – – 9.8 23.1 3,208.3 2,129.5 3,057.5 Issuing of CBSL Securities CBSL Securities – Overnight 313.9 – – – – – – – – CBSL Securities – Term 1,153.1 – – – – – – – – Treasury Bonds, Rs. Bn. Primary Market Issues 508.6 603.0 847.9 1,017.1 860.7 869.9 663.6 548.8 763.0 Outstanding (Year End)(b)(g) 1,827.4 2,018.8 2,412.7 2,855.8 3,245.8 3,699.9 4,053.6 4,187.5 4,344.2 Foreign Exchange SWAP Transactions Buy – Sell US $ Mn.(h) – 333.0 2,217.0 3,422.0 4,636.2 6,974.4 6,123.0 2,838.5 823.3 Rs. Bn. – 37.7 275.5 442.1 605.4 952.6 891.7 431.4 133.0 Sell – Buy US $ Mn.(h) 2,147.2 98.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 Rs. Bn. 243.3 10.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 Foreign Exchange SWAP Outstanding FX SWAP US $ Mn. 97.0 303.0 1,368.0 2,338.0 2,195.9 2,134.8 2,498.7 1,495.2 723.3 Rs. Bn. 10.8 34.4 177.9 312.2 291.0 300.1 291.4 235.9 117.1 Rupee Securities, Rs. Bn. Primary Market Issues – – – – – – – – – Outstanding (Year End) 87.7 62.0 58.4 55.5 55.5 24.1 24.1 24.1 24.1 Commercial Papers, Rs. Bn. Issued 12.3 13.5 36.9 28.3 8.2 7.9 7.0 6.5 1.9 Outstanding 4.3 8.1 10.5 7.4 3.5 4.5 2.2 1.7 1.1 Share Market No. of Listed Companies 241 272 287 289 294 294 295 296 297 Trading Turnover, Rs. Bn. 570.3 546.3 213.8 200.5 340.9 253.3 176.9 220.6 200.1 Non-National Transactions (Net), Rs. Bn. -26.3 -19.0 38.7 22.8 21.2 -5.4 0.3 17.7 -23.2 Market Capitalisation, Rs. Bn. 2,210.5 2,213.9 2,167.6 2,459.9 3,104.9 2,938.0 2,745.4 2,899.3 2,839.4 All Share Price Index (1985=100) 6,635.9 6,074.4 5,643.0 5,912.8 7,299.0 6,894.5 6,228.3 6,369.3 6,052.4 Milanka Price Index (1998=1,000) 7,061.5 5,229.2 5,119.1 – – – – – – S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index (2004=1,000)(i) – – 3,085.3 3,263.9 4,089.1 3,625.7 3,496.4 3,671.7 3,135.2 Market Price Earnings Ratio 25.2 15.8 15.9 15.9 19.7 18.0 12.4 10.6 9.6 Market Dividend Yield, % 1.2 1.8 2.4 2.9 2.1 2.2 2.8 3.2 3.1

(a) Provisional (b) Includes foreign holdings of Treasury bills and Treasury bonds. (c) Figures since March 2003 refer to the outright sales and purchases of Treasury bills. (d) As at 31st December. (e) Include CBSL securities issued on an overnight basis & term basis. (f) Implemented from 2nd January 2014. (g) Includes Government Treasury bonds of Rs. 4,397 million issued to CWE in November 2003 (matured in 14 November 2016), Rs. 78,441 million issued to CPC in January 2012 (of which Rs. 21,779 million matured in 01 January 2017 and the current outstanding is Rs. 56,662 million) and Rs. 13,125 million issued to capitalize Sri Lanka Airlines in March 2013. (h) Include new and roll-over SWAP transactions. (i) The S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index (S&P SL20) was introduced in June 2012. 8 key socio-Economic indicators

Table 1.8 Government Finance

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

(Billions of Rupees) Revenue and Grants 834.2 983.0 1,067.5 1,153.3 1,204.6 1,460.9 1,693.6 1,839.6 1,932.5 Revenue 817.3 967.9 1,051.5 1,137.4 1,195.2 1,454.9 1,686.1 1,831.5 1,920.0 Grants 16.9 15.1 16.1 15.9 9.4 6.0 7.5 8.0 12.5 Total Expenditure and Net Lending 1,280.2 1,433.2 1,556.5 1,669.4 1,795.9 2,290.4 2,333.9 2,573.1 2,693.2 Recurrent Expenditure 937.1 1,024.9 1,131.0 1,205.2 1,322.9 1,701.7 1,757.8 1,927.7 2,089.7 Capital Expenditure and Net Lending 343.1 408.3 425.5 464.2 473.0 588.7 576.1 645.4 603.5 Current Account Balance -119.8 -57.0 -79.6 -67.7 -127.7 -246.8 -71.7 -96.2 -169.7 Primary Balance -93.4 -93.5 -80.5 -72.1 -154.8 -319.8 -29.4 2.1 91.4 Overall Fiscal Balance -446.0 -450.2 -489.0 -516.1 -591.2 -829.5 -640.3 -733.5 -760.8 Total Financing 446.0 450.2 489.0 516.1 591.2 829.5 640.3 733.5 760.8 Foreign 243.8 219.0 286.5 123.7 212.5 236.8 391.9 439.2 323.5 Domestic 202.2 231.2 202.5 392.4 378.7 592.7 248.4 294.3 437.2 Outstanding Central Government Debt 4,590.2 5,133.4 6,000.1 6,793.2 7,390.9 8,503.2 9,387.3 10,313.0 11,977.5

(As a Per cent of GDP)(b)(c)

Revenue and Grants 13.0 13.6 12.2 12.0 11.6 13.3 14.1 13.7 13.4 Revenue 12.7 13.4 12.0 11.9 11.5 13.3 14.1 13.6 13.3 Grants 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Expenditure and Net Lending 20.0 19.9 17.8 17.4 17.3 20.9 19.5 19.2 18.6 Recurrent Expenditure 14.6 14.2 13.0 12.6 12.8 15.5 14.7 14.4 14.5 Capital Expenditure and Net Lending 5.3 5.7 4.9 4.8 4.6 5.4 4.8 4.8 4.2 Current Account Balance -1.9 -0.8 -0.9 -0.7 -1.2 -2.3 -0.6 -0.7 -1.2 Primary Balance -1.5 -1.3 -0.9 -0.8 -1.5 -2.9 -0.2 0.02 0.6 Overall Fiscal Balance -7.0 -6.2 -5.6 -5.4 -5.7 -7.6 -5.3 -5.5 -5.3 Outstanding Central Government Debt 71.6 71.1 68.7 70.8 71.3 77.7 78.3 76.9 82.9 Domestic Debt 40.0 38.8 37.0 40.0 41.3 45.3 44.5 41.7 41.6 Foreign Debt 31.6 32.3 31.7 30.9 30.0 32.4 33.7 35.2 41.2 Debt Service Payments 12.8 12.4 11.7 12.1 10.4 12.0 11.3 11.9 14.5 Interest Payments 5.5 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 5.9

(a) Provisional Sources : Ministry of Finance (b) Based on GDP estimates compiled by the Department of Census and Statistics and rebased GDP. Central Bank of Sri Lanka (c) Based on revised GDP estimates for 2016 and 2017 made available on 19 March 2019 by the Department of Census and Statistics.

Table 1.9 Financial Institutions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a) 2018(b)

Central Bank Assets, Rs. Bn. 985.4 1,141.7 1,284.4 1,246.0 1,464.3 1,426.3 1,529.2 1,604.8 1,917.4 International Reserves 862.5 838.6 965.9 1,058.4 1,130.0 1,126.7 1,049.8 1,328.4 1,402.6 Credit to Government 80.0 264.5 279.5 114.4 150.0 230.3 413.3 225.4 471.6 Credit to Financial Institutions 2.5 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.1 Currency in Circulation, Rs. Bn. 255.7 293.2 318.1 339.8 416.9 491.7 552.8 598.1 640.9 Deposits, Rs. Bn. 465.0 646.6 736.4 678.5 603.3 732.7 794.9 824.4 972.6 Licensed Commercial Banks No. of Banks 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 26 Branches(c) 2,114 2,381 2,530 2,651 2,724 2,781 2,841 2,855 2,876 Assets, Rs. Bn. 2,974.6 3,578.5 4,355.7 5,022.1 5,884.4 6,974.3 7,843.3 8,926.2 10,372.4 Loans, Rs. Bn. 1,764.2 2,329.1 2,830.7 3,079.4 3,453.9 4,258.3 5,007.5 5,791.2 6,980.9 Investments, Rs. Bn. 763.8 717.2 869.0 1,224.0 1,394.0 1,813.1 1,735.3 1,986.6 2,130.3 Capital, Rs. Bn. 236.4 305.4 366.9 418.9 490.7 574.1 645.9 793.2 940.8 Deposits, Rs. Bn. 2,153.4 2,558.7 3,061.3 3,552.4 3,976.6 4,639.0 5,449.4 6,424.4 7,407.8 Non-Bank Financial Institutions Assets (net), Rs. Bn. 370.8 474.2 573.4 684.6 814.6 996.1 1,211.9 1,355.0 1,431.3 Investments, Rs. Bn. 51.6 30.7 40.0 51.8 109.7 99.6 111.7 118.1 109.7 Loans and Advances (net), Rs. Bn. 248.7 373.1 448.9 521.3 603.7 795.8 962.7 1,057.1 1,137.0 Deposits, Rs. Bn. 146.1 186.0 254.1 337.3 414.1 480.6 530.7 686.7 716.8 Selected Other Institutions – Assets, Rs. B n. Rural Banks(d) 54.7 67.6 77.2 94.9 103.5 117.6 122.2 132.7 147.7 Licensed Specialised Banks(e) 576.0 673.7 742.5 919.3 1,087.5 1,103.2 1,203.2 1,366.2 1,421.6 Unit Trusts 22.2 22.7 31.1 54.3 126.5 130.3 106.7 131.7 67.0 Employees’ Provident Fund, Rs. Bn. 899.7 1,018.0 1,144.0 1,300.0 1,488.2 1,664.9 1,841.5 2,066.3 2,289.4 Employees’ Trust Fund, Rs. Bn. 125.9 142.4 158.4 178.5 199.1 223.5 248.9 279.0 312.1

(a) Revised. (c) All Banking Outlets except Students Savings Units. (e) Excluding Rural Banks. (b) Provisional. (d) Registered with Department of Labour. 9 key socio-Economic indicators

Selected Socio-Economic Indicators – Graphical Illustrations

Population Selected Macroeconomic Indicators 22.0 25 GDP Growth Money Supply (M2b) 21.0 Inflation (NCPI Change: 2013=100) Growth Inflation (CCPI Change: 2013=100) Unemployment Rate

20.0 20 Million

19.0

15 18.0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Population Growth, % Per cent 1.4 10

1.2

1.0 5 Per cent 0.8

0.6 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Gross Value Added at Basic Prices Domestic Expenditure and Savings (Current) (Per cent of GDP)

14,000 85.0

12,000 GVA 65.0 ↓ Savings - Investment Gap 10,000 Consumption Investment 45.0 8,000 Domestic Savings Services Per cent Rs. Billion 6,000 25.0

4,000 5.0 Industry 2,000

Agriculture -15.0 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Balance of Payments Fiscal Operations (Per cent of GDP) (Per cent of GDP)

40 20 Current Account Balance Overall Balance Exports 15 30 Imports

20 5 Per cent

Per cent 0 10

-5

0 -10 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Revenue -10 Current Account 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Recurrent Expenditure Budget Deficit Capital Expenditure and Net Lending 10 key socio-Economic indicators

Selected Socio-Economic Indicators – Graphical Illustrations

Money Supply (Per cent of GDP) Selected Interest Rates

50 20 Treasury Bill Yield - 3 Months Average Weighted Deposit Rate (Com. Banks) Prime Lending LIBOR - US$ - 3 Months 40 15

Currency 10

Reserve Money (M0) Per cent Per cent 20 Narrow Money (M1)

Broad Money (M2b) 5 10

0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Selected Socio-Economic Indicators Social Indicators Selected Asian Countries

180 100 Telephones, per 100 Persons Literacy Rate, % (2016) Hospital Beds, per 10,000 Persons Life Expectancy, Years (2016) 150 Doctors, per 100,000 Persons 80

120 60

90 40 Number

60 20

0 Sri Pakistan India Bangla- Philip- Indonesia Thai- Malaysia 0 Lanka desh pines land 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

GDP Per Capita/GDP Per Capita PPP World GDP Growth Selected Regions Selected Regions

30,000 8.0 GDP Growth, % 2017 GDP Per Capita (2017) GDP Growth, % 2018 GDP Per Capita PPP (2017) 24,000 6.0

18,000 4.0 Per cent US $

12,000 2.0

6,000 0.0 World Advanced Emer- Emer- Emer- Middle Latin Sri Econo- ging & ging & ging & East, American Lanka mies Deve- Deve- Deve- North and the 0 loping loping loping Africa, Caribbean Sri Pakistan India Bangla- Philip- Indo- Thai- Malaysia Economies Asia Europe Afghani- Lanka desh pines nesia land stan & Pakistan 11 climate

Table 2.1 Mean Temperature 2009 – 2018 Degree Celsius

Meteorological Station 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Anuradhapura 28.6 28.5 28.3 28.6 28.3 28.3 28.4 28.7 28.4 28.0 Badulla 23.5 23.5 23.2 23.5 23.2 23.3 23.3 23.8 23.6 23.3 Bandarawela 21.1 21.1 20.7 21.0 20.7 20.9 20.9 21.6 21.2 20.8 Batticaloa 28.6 28.5 28.2 28.5 28.4 28.3 28.4 28.9 28.4 28.3 Colombo 27.9 28.0 27.9 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.6 28.2 27.9 Galle 27.5 27.4 27.3 27.3 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.8 27.6 27.3 Hambantota 27.8 24.1 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.4 28.1 28.6 28.1 28.0 Jaffna 28.5 28.4 28.2 28.5 28.2 28.7 28.4 28.7 28.5 28.1 Katugastota 25.2 25.2 24.9 25.1 24.9 25.1 25.1 25.5 26.4 25.1 Katunayake 27.9 27.9 27.8 27.8 27.7 27.9 27.9 28.4 28.0 27.7 Kurunegala 27.3 27.3 26.9 27.7 27.5 27.6 27.9 28.5 27.9 27.8 Mahailuppallama 27.8 27.7 27.7 27.9 27.6 27.6 27.7 28.1 28.7 27.4 Mannar 28.3 28.3 28.0 28.3 28.1 28.2 28.4 28.7 28.5 28.1 Nuwara Eliya 15.9 16.5 16.5 16.1 16.0 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.3 16.1 Pottuvil 28.6 28.6 28.2 28.6 28.4 28.4 28.5 28.9 28.4 28.4 Puttalam 27.9 28.0 27.8 30.6 27.9 27.9 27.5 28.3 28.7 27.8 Ratmalana 28.3 28.4 28.2 28.3 28.3 27.3 28.6 28.9 28.6 28.4 Ratnapura 27.3 27.5 27.4 27.6 27.6 27.7 27.9 27.9 27.6 27.6 Trincomalee 29.1 28.0 29.9 29.2 28.5 28.8 28.8 29.1 28.7 28.2 Vavuniya 28.3 28.4 28.0 28.4 27.9 28.2 28.1 28.7 28.2 28.0

Source : Department of Meteorology

Table 2.2 Rainfall and Rainy Days – Hydro Catchment Areas 2009 – 2018

Station 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Annual Rainfall, Millimetres

Canyon 4,206.4 4,419.3 3,283.4 2,753.1 5,263.2 4,049.7 2,689.3 2,789.7 3,515.8 3,932.7 Castlereigh 3,631.2 3,920.0 2,412.8 2,169.3 4,155.8 3,175.3 2,801.9 2,424.8 2,967.2 3,589.0 Kothmale Power Station 1,989.9 2,969.9 1,974.4 1,054.4 2,740.4 2,381.3 2,064.5 1,311.4 2,105.2 3,235.6 Laxapana 4,091.0 5,010.8 4,009.7 3,215.8 5,224.5 4,341.5 3,431.9 3,795.2 4,396.3 4,893.7 Maussakele 3,398.4 3,240.7 2,273.9 2,237.8 4,017.8 3,193.1 2,247.1 2,051.0 2,403.7 2,892.9 Norton 3,704.3 5,199.3 3,829.6 3,186.8 5,783.4 4,667.9 3,624.7 4,119.7 4,566.5 5,069.4 Samanala Power Station 4,476.6 5,513.7 4,159.4 3,444.9 4,903.7 3,573.6 4,355.3 3,474.9 4,493.2 4,119.7 Wimalasurendra Power Station 2,842.9 4,388.4 3,793.0 2,871.8 5,714.0 4,070.9 3,952.8 4,043.5 4,840.8 5,048.7

Annual Rainy Days

Canyon 214 220 208 196 219 222 181 195 215 213 Castlereigh 198 206 182 158 184 193 183 207 221 215 Kothmale Power Station 133 168 159 74 142 132 146 134 162 172 Laxapana 224 218 204 179 209 218 189 184 218 215 Maussakele 183 201 189 178 194 192 160 160 197 202 Norton 183 218 208 181 220 229 191 203 229 218 Samanala Power Station 202 201 191 189 207 187 225 182 205 196 Wimalasurendra Power Station 162 174 206 168 220 201 212 198 226 217

Source : Department of Meteorology 12 climate

Table 2.3 Rainfall and Rainy Days – Selected Stations 2009 – 2018

Meteorological Station 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Annual Rainfall, Millimetres

Anuradhapura 1,075.1 1,665.4 1,815.9 1,878.1 1,193.9 2,483.5 2,220.6 1,034.6 1,629.7 1,450.7 Badulla 1,582.9 2,176.0 2,525.1 1,516.2 1,865.1 2,164.4 2,433.7 1,034.7 1,924.5 1,827.9 Bandarawela 1,319.5 1,687.7 1,947.5 1,895.5 1,559.0 1,807.8 2,014.9 862.4 1,999.3 1,810.0 Batticaloa 2,056.0 1,760.6 3,581.3 1,786.4 1,973.7 2,518.3 1,982.2 1,263.8 1,677.8 1,766.3 Colombo 2,134.4 3,369.9 1,774.2 2,464.6 1,990.6 2,635.0 2,948.0 2,357.1 2,281.2 2,562.2 Galle 2,303.5 3,049.1 2,308.5 2,367.2 1,799.1 2,677.7 2,577.2 1,981.4 2,432.8 2,283.9 Hambantota 880.6 875.2 1,014.8 1,294.4 966.3 1,095.7 1,316.4 666.2 1,168.6 814.5 Jaffna 1,270.9 1,496.6 1,470.7 943.2 1,033.3 1,368.6 1,338.9 1,010.8 1,342.6 1,120.8 Katugastota 1,944.0 2,665.6 1,776.6 1,990.9 1,925.5 2,539.1 1,976.6 1,300.1 1,565.7 2,029.3 Katunayake 1,690.9 2,585.6 1,446.1 1,945.2 2,057.1 2,276.3 2,364.5 1,422.9 1,880.8 2,020.3 Kurunegala 2,050.8 2,434.3 1,958.0 1,961.9 1,805.4 2,737.4 2,050.2 1,916.5 1,794.0 2,317.4 Mahailuppallama 1,010.7 1,600.9 1,706.4 1,486.0 1,161.7 2,064.9 1,844.1 1,125.5 1,525.9 1,706.0 Mannar 964.5 1,074.9 1,203.2 923.5 918.6 1,052.5 1,548.0 714.3 707.8 913.4 Nuwara Eliya 1,639.9 2,181.4 1,699.6 1,771.1 2,157.7 1,857.7 2,021.2 1,138.2 1,707.6 2,173.1 Pottuvil 1,473.1 1,224.9 2,196.8 1,400.2 1,613.0 1,861.0 1,610.7 973.0 1,474.7 1,375.9 Puttalam 956.9 1,333.9 826.3 1,141.2 905.1 1,696.6 1,664.3 939.0 819.2 1,419.2 Ratmalana 2,476.2 3,404.9 2,042.9 2,272.3 2,128.2 2,222.7 3,013.1 2,371.4 2,228.7 2,488.2 Ratnapura 3,394.2 4,561.1 3,430.0 3,380.3 3,575.7 4,710.6 3,462.5 2,832.6 4,308.4 3,372.5 Trincomalee 1,888.9 1,419.5 2,906.5 1,810.4 1,492.5 1,691.5 2,030.3 996.3 1,778.8 2,031.3 Vavuniya 1,369.0 1,359.6 1,869.2 1,559.3 1,304.5 2,106.0 1,795.7 1,153.9 1,571.3 1,550.1

Annual Rainy Days

Anuradhapura 87 103 104 92 93 138 131 76 95 118 Badulla 158 148 350 135 151 175 181 109 142 163 Bandarawela 162 146 167 135 158 138 180 101 151 160 Batticaloa 95 94 117 85 98 118 124 72 96 101 Colombo 179 158 161 167 167 211 208 133 158 167 Galle 191 193 177 162 172 216 207 168 184 174 Hambantota 122 104 108 111 110 108 118 74 108 96 Jaffna 59 84 95 69 82 103 105 48 77 78 Katugastota 186 174 175 146 171 220 192 131 158 181 Katunayake 164 159 151 151 149 183 175 105 147 143 Kurunegala 159 158 148 141 153 204 155 120 158 156 Mahailuppallama 103 114 111 98 98 150 122 85 109 124 Mannar 69 70 86 65 55 96 86 44 65 77 Nuwara Eliya 204 204 198 167 196 225 207 154 182 192 Pottuvil 99 83 108 86 94 120 109 72 94 95 Puttalam 110 106 102 96 81 112 124 68 103 104 Ratmalana 186 181 173 181 163 206 205 158 168 163 Ratnapura 227 233 219 207 228 257 236 204 238 222 Trincomalee 104 105 130 86 82 124 110 73 99 109 Vavuniya 82 103 114 85 85 128 116 70 106 119

Source : Department of Meteorology 13 climate

Table 2.4 Humidity 2017 – 2018 Per cent

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Meteorological Station D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N

Year 2017

Anuradhapura 70 92 65 92 66 91 62 90 69 90 65 88 61 85 67 87 72 92 71 92 80 95 75 94 Badulla 77 n.a. 74 n.a. 73 n.a. 63 n.a. 70 n.a. n.a. n.a. 62 n.a. 69 n.a. 70 n.a. 74 n.a. 80 n.a. 83 n.a. Bandarawela 73 n.a. 72 n.a. 71 n.a. 64 n.a. 71 n.a. 65 n.a. 59 n.a. 68 n.a. 70 n.a. 76 n.a. 80 n.a. 82 n.a. Batticaloa 77 85 74 82 74 86 72 86 66 81 64 79 n.a. n.a. 70 83 73 88 76 90 83 93 80 88 Colombo 67 81 67 82 71 88 72 83 76 85 79 87 76 83 76 84 79 87 81 91 77 91 70 86 Galle 76 87 76 84 75 86 80 87 82 87 86 89 83 86 85 89 83 87 83 89 82 90 80 88 Hambantota 75 87 76 88 80 91 82 92 80 89 82 92 75 90 80 91 83 91 80 91 82 92 79 90 Jaffna 75 n.a. 69 n.a. 71 n.a. 69 n.a. 72 n.a. 73 n.a. 68 n.a. 73 n.a. 76 n.a. 79 n.a. 85 n.a. 77 n.a. Katugastota 68 92 65 91 71 94 69 94 76 94 76 91 72 88 75 90 76 93 76 94 79 96 75 94 Katunayake 66 86 62 84 72 92 72 87 78 88 n.a. 89 77 84 77 85 81 89 81 92 79 95 72 91 Kurunegala 63 n.a. 60 n.a. 66 n.a. 67 n.a. 73 n.a. 75 n.a. 70 n.a. 71 n.a. 76 n.a. 78 n.a. 77 n.a. 71 n.a. Mahailuppallama n.a. n.a. 69 n.a. 70 n.a. 65 n.a. 71 n.a. 68 n.a. 60 n.a. 66 n.a. 74 n.a. 74 n.a. 80 n.a. 77 n.a. Mannar 75 86 71 85 75 89 73 84 75 84 85 94 77 84 78 85 80 87 80 87 82 89 77 86 Mattala 68 89 70 89 71 94 70 93 68 91 68 89 59 85 62 86 68 91 66 91 78 95 77 91 Moneragala 67 n.a. 67 n.a. 68 n.a. 65 n.a. 68 n.a. n.a. n.a. 59 n.a. 62 n.a. 62 n.a. 68 n.a. 74 n.a. 71 n.a. Nuwara Eliya 73 84 63 70 70 85 60 83 80 94 n.a. n.a. 80 90 85 93 85 92 86 95 82 92 83 93 Polonnaruwa 76 n.a. 73 n.a. 72 n.a. 60 n.a. 62 n.a. 55 n.a. 53 n.a. 59 n.a. 63 n.a. 66 n.a. 81 n.a. 78 n.a. Pottuvil 75 n.a. 76 n.a. 76 n.a. 72 n.a. 68 n.a. 65 n.a. 68 n.a. 67 n.a. 69 n.a. 73 n.a. 78 n.a. 76 n.a. Puttalam 73 94 68 91 69 92 70 86 72 85 73 83 70 83 74 85 77 88 79 91 81 95 77 96 Ratmalana 66 83 65 82 68 88 70 84 73 85 77 86 73 82 74 83 77 88 78 90 75 91 69 86 Ratnapura 68 92 66 91 75 96 75 96 83 97 82 95 77 91 80 94 82 96 84 97 81 96 77 96 Trincomalee 76 85 71 82 75 89 65 86 63 83 57 79 62 80 68 84 70 88 72 90 84 92 78 87 Vavuniya 78 n.a. 70 n.a. 71 n.a. 67 n.a. 71 n.a. 65 n.a. 61 n.a. 70 n.a. 75 n.a. 78 n.a. 84 n.a. 79 n.a.

Year 2018

Anuradhapura 69 92 65 92 65 91 66 92 75 93 71 89 65 85 65 85 60 89 79 95 80 95 77 93 Badulla 78 n.a. 79 n.a. 74 n.a. 76 n.a. 79 n.a. 66 n.a. 68 n.a. 65 n.a. 66 n.a. 81 n.a. 81 n.a. 80 n.a. Bandarawela 74 n.a. 74 n.a. 72 n.a. 77 n.a. 80 n.a. 64 n.a. 65 n.a. 66 n.a. 70 n.a. 85 n.a. 82 n.a. 76 n.a. Batticaloa 77 86 79 86 77 86 75 89 74 89 66 81 61 78 65 82 70 83 78 90 82 93 82 90 Colombo 64 80 67 83 72 86 73 90 79 90 79 86 77 85 78 86 73 86 79 92 76 92 70 87 Galle 76 86 78 87 79 88 80 89 84 89 86 89 86 91 86 91 83 90 83 91 80 91 77 89 Hambantota 74 86 75 89 76 88 77 90 82 90 85 93 73 89 71 86 79 90 79 90 79 91 77 89 Jaffna 70 n.a. 68 n.a. 69 n.a. 67 n.a. 75 n.a. 78 n.a. 70 n.a. 72 n.a. 73 n.a. 83 n.a. 82 n.a. 83 n.a. Katugastota 67 92 66 91 67 92 74 95 80 95 79 90 75 86 76 88 71 94 83 97 78 96 75 94 Katunayake 65 87 65 86 70 90 74 93 80 93 79 87 77 85 76 87 72 89 79 95 77 95 72 92 Kurunegala 61 n.a. 57 n.a. 61 n.a. 68 n.a. 77 n.a. 76 n.a. 70 n.a. 69 n.a. 62 n.a. 76 n.a. 74 n.a. 69 n.a. Mahailuppallama 71 n.a. 64 n.a. 63 n.a. 67 n.a. 76 n.a. 73 n.a. 67 n.a. 66 n.a. 61 n.a. 81 n.a. 81 n.a. 79 n.a. Mannar 72 83 70 86 72 88 72 88 78 87 79 85 77 86 79 87 78 87 81 92 82 90 80 88 Mattala 67 88 64 88 72 93 75 95 76 93 69 90 57 83 57 79 61 87 79 95 79 95 77 94 Moneragala 66 n.a. 65 n.a. 68 n.a. 71 n.a. 73 n.a. 60 n.a. 59 n.a. 59 n.a. 63 n.a. 79 n.a. 77 n.a. 75 n.a. Nuwara Eliya 68 80 73 83 71 85 76 91 86 96 89 n.a. 87 n.a. 87 94 80 92 86 96 81 93 74 84 Polonnaruwa 74 n.a. 75 n.a. 71 n.a. 68 n.a. 70 n.a. 57 n.a. 54 n.a. 54 n.a. 56 n.a. 77 n.a. 80 n.a. 79 n.a. Pottuvil 74 n.a. 75 n.a. 76 n.a. 75 n.a. 73 n.a. 61 n.a. 63 n.a. 62 n.a. 69 n.a. 78 n.a. 79 n.a. 80 n.a. Puttalam 73 93 67 92 68 91 74 92 80 n.a. 79 86 76 87 75 87 72 89 82 97 81 96 78 96 Ratmalana 64 80 67 84 70 88 71 90 77 88 76 85 74 84 75 85 71 86 76 92 73 91 69 87 Ratnapura 68 92 72 94 75 95 79 97 83 97 84 94 79 89 77 88 73 94 82 97 80 97 77 95 Trincomalee 76 84 74 n.a. 74 88 71 90 75 90 62 82 61 79 59 79 63 84 82 94 83 92 82 90 Vavuniya 75 n.a. 72 n.a. 68 n.a. 69 n.a. 79 n.a. 71 n.a. 65 n.a. 65 n.a. 66 n.a. 83 n.a. 83 n.a. 79 n.a.

D – Day Source : Department of Meteorology N – Night n.a. – Not available 14 population and labour force

Table 3.1 Population by District and Sector 2001 and 2012

2001 Census(a) 2012 Census(b)

District No. ’000 Per cent No. ’000 Per cent

Total Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate Total Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate

Colombo 2,251.3 1,229.6 1,014.4 7.3 54.6 45.1 0.3 2,324.3 1,802.9 513.5 7.9 77.6 22.1 0.3 Gampaha 2,063.7 300.9 1,762.0 0.7 14.6 85.4 0.0 2,304.8 360.2 1,943.4 1.2 15.6 84.3 0.1 Kalutara 1,066.2 113.2 915.5 37.6 10.6 85.9 3.5 1,221.9 109.1 1,075.2 37.6 8.9 88.0 3.1 Kandy 1,279.0 156.0 1,030.2 92.9 12.2 80.5 7.3 1,375.4 170.5 1,119.2 85.6 12.4 81.4 6.2 Matale 441.3 36.1 383.5 21.8 8.2 86.9 4.9 484.5 60.3 405.2 19.1 12.4 83.6 3.9 Nuwara Eliya 703.6 43.1 283.7 376.9 6.1 40.3 53.6 711.6 40.2 290.9 380.6 5.6 40.9 53.5 Galle 990.5 109.9 863.3 17.3 11.1 87.2 1.7 1,063.3 133.4 911.2 18.8 12.5 85.7 1.8 Matara 761.4 64.4 676.5 20.5 8.5 88.9 2.7 814.0 96.6 694.9 22.5 11.9 85.4 2.8 Hambantota 526.4 21.6 503.4 1.4 4.1 95.6 0.3 599.9 31.7 568.2 – 5.3 94.7 – Jaffna 490.6 – – – – – – 583.9 117.6 466.3 – 20.1 79.9 – Mannar 151.6 – – – – – – 99.6 24.4 75.2 – 24.5 75.5 – Vavuniya 149.8 – – – – – – 172.1 34.8 137.3 – 20.2 79.8 – Mullaitivu 121.7 – – – – – – 92.2 – 92.2 – – 100.0 – Kilinochchi 127.3 – – – – – – 113.5 – 113.5 – – 100.0 – Batticaloa 486.4 – – – – – – 526.6 151.2 375.3 – 28.7 71.3 – Ampara 593.0 112.5 480.5 – 19.0 81.0 – 649.4 153.3 496.1 – 23.6 76.4 – Trincomalee 340.2 – – – – – – 379.5 85.1 294.4 – 22.4 77.6 – Kurunegala 1,460.2 34.7 1,418.9 6.6 2.4 97.2 0.5 1,618.5 30.3 1,580.6 7.6 1.9 97.7 0.5 Puttalam 709.7 65.3 642.2 2.2 9.2 90.5 0.3 762.4 67.0 693.8 1.6 8.8 91.0 0.2 Anuradhapura 745.7 53.2 691.6 1.0 7.1 92.7 0.1 860.6 50.6 810.0 – 5.9 94.1 – Polonnaruwa 359.0 – 358.7 0.3 – 99.9 0.1 406.1 – 406.1 … – 100.0 – Badulla 780.0 51.5 567.2 161.3 6.6 72.7 20.7 815.4 69.8 591.7 153.9 8.6 72.6 18.9 Monaragala 397.4 – 388.2 9.1 – 97.7 2.3 451.1 – 442.7 8.3 – 98.1 1.9 Ratnapura 1,015.8 58.2 855.2 102.4 5.7 84.2 10.1 1,088.0 99.5 888.8 99.7 9.1 81.7 9.2 Kegalle 785.5 17.1 712.9 55.5 2.2 90.8 7.1 840.6 16.0 767.5 57.2 1.9 91.3 6.8 Total 18,797.3 2,467.3 13,547.7 914.7 14.6 80.0 5.4 20,359.4 3,704.5 15,753.3 901.6 18.2 77.4 4.4

(a) Census of Population and Housing – 2001 which covered 18 districts. Source : Department of Census and Statistics (b) Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka – 2012 … - Negligible

Table 3.2 Population by Religion and Ethnicity – Census Years

By Religion (%) By Ethnicity (%) Total Census Population Sri Sri Year Indian '000 Buddhist Hindu Islam Christian Other Sinhalese Lankan Lankan Burgher Malay Other Tamil Tamil Moor

1881 2,759.7 61.5 21.5 7.2 9.7 0.1 66.9 24.9 6.7 0.6 0.3 0.5 1891 3,007.8 62.4 20.5 7.0 10.0 ... 67.9 24.1 6.6 0.7 0.3 0.5 1901 3,566.0 60.1 23.2 6.9 9.8 0.1 65.4 26.7 6.4 0.7 0.3 0.6 1911 4,106.4 60.3 22.8 6.9 10.0 ... 66.1 12.9 12.9 6.5 0.7 0.3 0.6 1921 4,498.6 61.6 21.8 6.7 9.9 ... 67.1 11.5 13.4 6.3 0.7 0.3 0.8 1931 5,306.9 61.6 22.0 6.7 9.8 ... 65.4 11.3 15.4 6.1 0.6 0.3 0.8 1946 6,657.3 64.5 19.8 6.6 9.1 ... 69.4 11.0 11.7 6.1 0.6 0.3 0.7 1953 8,097.9 64.3 19.9 6.7 8.9 0.1 69.4 10.9 12.0 6.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 1963 10,582.0 66.2 18.5 6.8 8.4 0.1 71.0 11.0 10.6 6.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 1971 12,689.8 67.3 17.6 7.1 7.9 0.1 72.0 11.2 9.3 6.7 0.4 0.3 0.1 1981 14,846.8 69.3 15.5 7.5 7.6 0.1 74.0 12.7 5.5 7.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 2001(a) 18,797.3 76.7 7.8 8.5 7.0 ... 82.0 4.3 5.1 7.9 0.2 0.3 0.2 2012(b) 20,359.4 70.1 12.6 9.7 7.6 ... 74.9 11.2 4.1 9.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

… Negligible Source : Department of Census and Statistics (a) Census of Population and Housing – 2001 which covered 18 districts. (b) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2012. 15 population and labour force

Table 3.3 Population by District, Religion and Ethnicity – 2012 Census(a)

Population by Religion, % Population by Ethnicity, % Population District Sri Sri '000 Roman Indian Buddhist Hindu Islam Christian Other Sinhalese Lankan Lankan Other Catholic Tamil Tamil Moor

Colombo 2,324.3 70.2 8.0 11.8 7.0 2.9 0.1 76.5 10.1 1.0 10.7 1.6 Gampaha 2,304.8 71.3 2.3 4.9 19.5 2.0 0.0 90.5 3.5 0.4 4.2 1.3 Kalutara 1,221.9 83.4 3.2 9.4 3.3 0.7 0.0 86.8 1.9 1.9 9.3 0.2 Kandy 1,375.4 73.4 9.7 14.3 1.6 0.9 0.0 74.4 5.0 6.2 13.9 0.4 Matale 484.5 79.5 9.0 9.4 1.6 0.5 0.0 80.8 5.0 4.8 9.2 0.2 Nuwara Eliya 711.6 39.1 51.0 3.0 4.7 2.2 0.0 39.6 4.6 53.1 2.5 0.2 Galle 1,063.3 93.9 1.5 3.7 0.4 0.5 0.0 94.4 1.3 0.6 3.6 0.1 Matara 814.0 94.1 2.0 3.1 0.3 0.4 0.0 94.3 1.1 1.5 3.1 0.0 Hambantota 599.9 96.7 0.2 2.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 97.1 0.4 0.0 1.1 1.5 Jaffna 583.9 0.4 82.8 0.4 12.9 3.5 0.0 0.4 98.9 0.3 0.4 0.0 Mannar 99.6 1.8 24.1 16.6 52.6 4.8 0.0 2.3 80.4 0.7 16.5 0.0 Vavuniya 172.1 9.8 69.4 7.0 8.9 4.9 0.0 10.0 82.0 1.1 6.8 0.1 Mullaitivu 92.2 8.9 75.2 2.0 9.8 4.0 0.1 9.7 85.8 2.5 2.0 0.1 Kilinochchi 113.5 1.1 81.9 0.6 10.6 5.7 0.0 1.2 97.3 0.9 0.6 0.0 Batticaloa 526.6 1.2 64.4 25.5 4.6 4.3 0.0 1.3 72.3 0.4 25.4 0.6 Ampara 649.4 38.7 15.8 43.4 1.2 0.9 0.0 38.9 17.3 0.1 43.4 0.3 Trincomalee 379.5 26.2 25.9 42.0 3.8 2.0 0.0 26.7 30.7 0.3 41.8 0.4 Kurunegala 1,618.5 88.5 0.9 7.3 2.7 0.6 0.0 91.4 1.1 0.2 7.1 0.2 Puttalam 762.4 43.2 3.8 19.7 31.5 1.6 0.2 73.6 6.3 0.3 19.4 0.5 Anuradhapura 860.6 90.1 0.4 8.3 0.8 0.4 0.0 91.0 0.5 0.1 8.2 0.2 Polonnaruwa 406.1 89.7 1.7 7.5 0.8 0.3 0.0 90.7 1.8 0.0 7.4 0.1 Badulla 815.4 72.6 19.3 5.8 1.5 0.8 0.0 73.0 2.7 18.5 5.5 0.4 Monaragala 451.1 94.6 2.7 2.2 0.4 0.2 0.0 94.9 1.8 1.1 2.1 0.1 Ratnapura 1,088.0 86.7 9.4 2.2 1.0 0.7 0.0 87.1 5.0 5.7 2.1 0.1 Kegalle 840.6 84.4 6.5 7.3 1.0 0.8 0.0 85.5 2.1 5.2 7.1 0.1 Total 20,359.4 70.1 12.6 9.7 6.2 1.4 0.0 74.9 11.2 4.1 9.3 0.5

(a) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2012 Source : Department of Census and Statistics

Table 3.4 Mid-year Population by Age Group 2001 and 2011 – 2018 Thousands

0 – 4 814 783 904 873 882 868 889 874 898 883 906 891 917 901 927 912 938 921 5 – 9 842 812 930 901 885 868 892 875 900 884 909 892 919 902 930 913 940 923 10 – 14 861 830 958 925 831 814 838 820 846 828 854 836 864 845 874 855 884 864 15 – 19 927 897 1,028 1,004 823 827 829 834 837 841 845 849 854 859 864 869 873 879 20 – 24 889 878 984 980 745 793 751 799 757 807 764 814 773 823 782 832 790 842 25 – 29 730 755 814 840 746 812 752 818 759 826 766 833 774 843 783 853 791 862 30 – 34 711 727 785 808 799 846 806 852 813 860 820 868 830 877 839 888 848 897 35 – 39 693 708 768 785 688 725 694 731 700 738 706 745 714 753 723 761 730 769 40 – 44 646 651 719 726 663 700 669 705 675 712 681 718 689 726 697 734 704 742 45 – 49 562 576 627 644 620 670 625 675 631 681 637 687 644 695 651 703 658 710 50 – 54 505 519 557 574 583 640 588 645 593 651 599 657 605 665 612 672 618 679 55 – 59 356 387 399 429 503 565 506 570 511 575 516 580 521 587 527 593 533 599 60 – 64 271 283 297 315 427 494 430 498 434 503 438 507 443 512 448 518 452 523 65 – 69 206 236 232 268 284 351 287 353 290 356 292 360 295 364 298 368 301 371 70 – 74 159 179 175 200 183 231 184 233 186 235 187 237 189 240 191 242 193 245 75 & over 187 217 204 239 226 333 226 337 229 339 231 341 234 346 236 349 239 352 Total 9,359 9,438 10,381 10,511 9,888 10,537 9,966 10,619 10,059 10,719 10,151 10,815 10,265 10,938 10,382 11,062 10,492 11,178 Total Population 18,797 20,892 20,425 20,585 20,778 20,966 21,203 21,444 21,670

M – Male F – Female Source : Registrar General’s Department (a) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2001 (b) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2012 (c) Revised (d) Provisional 16 population and labour force

Table 3.5 Mid-year Population by Province and District 2001 and 2010 – 2018 Thousands

Western 5,381 5,891 5,946 5,865 5,896 5,934 5,979 6,028 6,081 6,129 Colombo 2,251 2,573 2,606 2,330 2,339 2,353 2,375 2,395 2,419 2,439 Gampaha 2,064 2,176 2,189 2,310 2,324 2,339 2,354 2,372 2,391 2,409 Kalutara 1,066 1,142 1,151 1,225 1,233 1,242 1,250 1,261 1,271 1,281

Central 2,424 2,696 2,727 2,582 2,606 2,633 2,658 2,690 2,722 2,750 Kandy 1,279 1,437 1,455 1,381 1,391 1,404 1,416 1,434 1,452 1,468 Matale 441 496 503 486 491 496 502 508 514 519 Nuwara Eliya 704 763 769 715 724 733 740 748 756 763

Southern 2,278 2,495 2,518 2,485 2,508 2,533 2,556 2,584 2,611 2,637 Galle 991 1,084 1,094 1,066 1,074 1,083 1,091 1,102 1,113 1,124 Matara 761 839 847 817 824 832 837 845 851 858 Hambantota 526 572 577 602 610 618 628 637 647 655

Northern 1,041 1,149 1,160 1,065 1,074 1,086 1,094 1,107 1,119 1,131 Jaffna 491 536 542 585 589 593 597 602 608 613 Kilinochchi 127 150 154 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 Mannar 152 162 163 100 101 102 104 106 107 109 Vavuniya 150 172 176 173 175 178 179 182 184 187 Mullaitivu 121 129 125 93 93 95 94 95 96 96

Eastern 1,419 1,561 1,584 1,561 1,574 1,592 1,615 1,645 1,677 1,710 Batticaloa 486 543 549 528 531 535 541 550 560 570 Ampara 593 644 654 652 658 666 677 691 705 719 Trincomalee 340 374 381 381 385 391 397 404 412 421

North Western 2,170 2,353 2,377 2,389 2,405 2,425 2,448 2,477 2,508 2,536 Kurunegala 1,460 1,569 1,583 1,624 1,634 1,647 1,658 1,676 1,694 1,711 Puttalam 710 784 794 765 771 778 790 801 814 825

North Central 1,104 1,238 1,254 1,272 1,285 1,302 1,312 1,330 1,349 1,366 Anuradhapura 745 829 839 864 874 886 893 905 918 930 Polonnaruwa 359 409 415 408 411 416 419 425 431 436

Uva 1,178 1,333 1,349 1,271 1,286 1,303 1,316 1,333 1,349 1,364 Badulla 780 891 902 818 826 836 844 854 864 873 Moneragala 398 442 447 453 460 467 472 479 485 491

Sabaragamuwa 1,802 1,959 1,977 1,935 1,951 1,970 1,988 2,009 2,028 2,047 Ratnapura 1,016 1,136 1,149 1,092 1,102 1,114 1,127 1,140 1,151 1,163 Kegalle 786 823 828 843 849 856 861 869 877 884

Total 18,797 20,675 20,892 20,425 20,585 20,778 20,966 21,203 21,444 21,670

(a) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2001 Source : Registrar General’s Department (b) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2012 (c) Revised (d) Provisional 17 population and labour force

Table 3.6 Population Density 2017 and 2018

Western 3,684 91 195 3,593 6,081 6,129 1,692 1,706 Colombo 699 23 15 676 2,419 2,439 3,578 3,608 Gampaha 1,387 46 14 1,341 2,391 2,409 1,783 1,796 Kalutara 1,598 22 166 1,576 1,271 1,281 806 813 Central 5,674 99 1,402 5,575 2,722 2,750 488 493 Kandy 1,940 23 317 1,917 1,452 1,468 757 766 Matale 1,993 41 599 1,952 514 519 263 266 Nuwara Eliya 1,741 35 486 1,706 756 763 443 447 Southern 5,544 161 932 5,383 2,611 2,637 485 490 Galle 1,652 35 236 1,617 1,113 1,124 688 695 Matara 1,283 13 187 1,270 851 858 670 676 Hambantota 2,609 113 509 2,496 647 655 259 262 Northern 8,884 594 3,946 8,290 1,119 1,131 135 136 Jaffna 1,025 96 3 929 608 613 654 660 Kilinochchi 1,279 74 351 1,205 124 126 103 105 Mannar 1,996 116 1,024 1,880 107 109 57 58 Vavuniya 1,967 106 889 1,861 184 187 99 100 Mullaitivu 2,617 202 1,679 2,415 96 96 40 40 Eastern 9,996 635 3,030 9,361 1,677 1,710 179 183 Batticaloa 2,854 244 517 2,610 560 570 215 218 Ampara 4,415 193 1,696 4,222 705 719 167 170 Trincomalee 2,727 198 817 2,529 412 421 163 166 North Western 7,888 382 1,002 7,506 2,508 2,536 334 338 Kurunegala 4,816 192 185 4,624 1,694 1,711 366 370 Puttalam 3,072 190 817 2,882 814 825 282 286 North Central 10,472 731 3,326 9,741 1,349 1,366 138 140 Anuradhapura 7,179 515 1,979 6,664 918 930 138 140 Polonnaruwa 3,293 216 1,347 3,077 431 436 140 142 Uva 8,500 165 2,000 8,335 1,349 1,364 162 164 Badulla 2,861 34 683 2,827 864 873 306 309 Moneragala 5,639 131 1,317 5,508 485 491 88 89 Sabaragamuwa 4,968 47 765 4,921 2,028 2,047 412 416 Ratnapura 3,275 39 648 3,236 1,151 1,163 356 359 Kegalle 1,693 8 117 1,685 877 884 520 525 Total 65,610 2,905 16,598 62,705 21,444 21,670 342 346

(a) Total land area excluding inland waters Sources : Surveyor General's Office (b) Based on Census of Population and Housing – 2012 Registrar General’s Department (c) Provisional

Table 3.7 VItal Statistics 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014(a) 2015(b) 2016(b) 2017(b) 2018(b)

Mid-year Population, ’000(c) 20,476 20,675 20,892 20,425 20,585 20,778 20,966 21,203 21,444 21,670 0 – 14 years 5,380 5,434 5,491 5,148 5,188 5,239 5,288 5,348 5,411 5,470 15 – 54 years 12,391 12,512 12,643 11,680 11,773 11,881 11,989 12,124 12,263 12,392 55 years & over 2,705 2,729 2,758 3,597 3,624 3,658 3,689 3,731 3,770 3,808 Mid-year Population Growth Rate, % 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 Crude Birth Rate per 1,000 18.0 17.6 17.3 17.6 17.8 16.8 16.0 15.6 15.2 15.1 Crude Death Rate per 1,000 6.2 6.3 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.4 Rate of Natural Increase per 1,000 11.8 11.3 11.4 11.6 11.6 10.7 9.7 9.4 8.7 8.7 Mid-year In-Migration, ’000 1645 2,106 2,433 2,496 2,629 2,875 3,252 3,652 3,730 4,038 Mid-year Out-Migration, ’000 1673 2,129 2,479 2,548 2,677 2,917 3,238 3,608 3,680 4,020 Mid-year Net Migration Rate per 1,000 -1.4 -1.1 -2.2 -2.5 -2.3 -2.0 0.7 2.1 2.3 0.8 Density of Population, (Persons per Sq. km.) 327 330 333 326 328 331 334 338 342 346 Infant Mortality per 1,000 Live Births 9.7 9.9 9.1 8.3(a) 8.3 7.6 8.5 n.a. n.a. n.a.

(a) Revised n.a. – Not available Source : Department of Census and Statistics (b) Provisional Registrar General’s Department (c) Until 2011, mid-year population estimates were prepared based on the Census of Population and Housing of 2001. Mid-year population estimates from 2012 onwards were based on Census of Population and Housing – 2012. 18 population and labour force 3.8 Rate Death Crude (b) Table Per 1,000 Persons 2018 Birth 15.1 6.4 Rate Crude

Rate Death Crude : Registrar General’s Department Source (b) 2017 Birth 15.2 6.5 Rate Crude

Rate Death Crude (b) 2016 Birth 15.6 6.2 Rate Crude

Rate Death Crude (b) 2015 Birth 16.0 6.3 Rate Crude

Rate Death Crude (b) 2014 Birth 16.9 6.2 Rate Crude istrict 2012 – 2018 2012 – R ates and D eath by istrict Rate Death Crude 2013 Birth 17.8 6.2 Rate Crude C rude B irth Rate Death Crude Birth 17.6 6.0 Rate Crude 2012 15.1 14.4 15.7 8.9 19.0 5.1 19.9 5.7 15.0 20.9 7.7 14.6 17.0 5.8 16.0 18.8 6.8 5.0 19.6 19.7 6.0 7.2 19.2 15.1 6.6 6.1 15.4 20.9 22.3 6.6 4.7 13.7 17.0 18.9 6.1 7.1 14.8 17.0 17.6 6.8 6.7 2.7 18.8 19.7 18.9 6.0 6.8 3.5 19.1 16.6 18.7 6.5 6.5 14.4 5.1 17.5 22.3 20.7 7.2 5.5 13.1 8.4 16.7 18.1 22.2 6.5 7.2 14.2 5.7 15.2 24.3 17.8 7.0 6.2 5.0 17.5 4.5 20.9 16.4 18.5 6.2 7.3 4.6 17.4 3.7 14.9 20.4 20.5 6.8 6.3 14.0 5.7 16.5 5.9 19.1 21.0 18.9 7.0 5.4 12.8 5.2 16.4 4.8 15.4 20.7 18.7 6.4 7.1 13.3 4.8 14.2 5.4 19.6 17.3 7.1 20.2 6.3 2.9 16.4 4.5 19.7 4.6 11.6 19.2 6.2 17.3 7.6 3.7 16.9 4.4 13.6 5.9 18.1 20.8 6.5 16.8 6.6 13.7 4.9 17.0 6.6 16.9 3.9 21.1 19.4 6.8 5.6 12.4 4.2 15.9 5.4 18.1 5.6 22.1 18.4 6.1 6.9 13.0 4.8 13.9 5.5 17.6 5.6 16.0 7.4 21.2 6.1 3.1 15.9 4.6 19.3 5.5 12.2 19.2 6.5 18.1 7.1 3.8 14.8 4.1 14.1 6.1 17.3 17.8 7.1 16.7 6.3 13.6 4.7 15.2 6.6 19.5 4.7 20.5 17.7 7.2 5.3 12.0 3.8 15.2 5.4 18.5 6.3 20.5 18.4 6.5 7.3 12.6 4.9 13.3 5.5 16.1 7.2 15.4 7.4 19.5 6.1 3.6 15.7 4.7 17.6 5.5 10.5 18.4 6.3 18.0 7.7 3.9 14.9 4.4 14.9 6.4 16.9 17.3 7.1 16.0 6.5 4.2 14.1 6.7 21.8 4.7 20.5 16.9 7.0 5.5 3.8 15.6 5.5 19.6 6.1 20.2 16.2 6.6 7.4 5.6 13.3 5.8 17.8 6.9 15.2 18.4 6.2 4.1 4.6 17.0 5.2 11.4 17.6 16.7 7.6 4.0 4.4 15.4 6.1 17.8 17.1 14.9 6.6 4.8 6.3 17.4 4.8 20.2 16.8 5.6 3.9 5.5 21.0 6.1 20.4 16.8 7.2 4.9 5.1 18.8 6.9 14.6 17.5 3.9 4.8 5.1 11.1 17.4 15.9 4.0 4.5 6.2 18.9 16.9 14.4 5.2 6.9 4.9 22.0 16.4 4.6 5.9 6.1 22.4 16.6 4.6 6.1 6.8 14.8 17.0 4.7 5.9 17.1 15.7 4.4 6.3 16.7 13.8 6.9 5.1 16.7 5.8 6.5 16.2 5.9 7.4 16.9 6.3 14.8 6.1 13.2 4.9 6.5 6.9 District based on place of occurrence. are (a) Figures (b) Provisional Colombo Gampaha Kalutara Kandy Matale Nuwara Eliya Galle Matara Hambantota Jaffna Kilinochchi Mannar Vavuniya Mullaitivu Batticaloa Ampara Trincomalee Kurunegala Puttalam Anuradhapura Polonnaruwa Badulla Moneragala Ratnapura Kegalle Sri L anka

19 population and labour force

Table 3.9 Labour Force 2010 – 2018

Item 2010(a) 2011(b) 2012(b) 2013(b) 2014(b) 2015(b) 2016(b) 2017(b) 2018(b)(c)

Household Population ’000 16,862 14,976 14,858 14,959 15,134 15,282 15,449 15,844 16,196

Labour Force ’000 8,108 7,926 7,798 8,034 8,049 8,214 8,311 8,567 8,388 Employed ’000 7,707 7,592 7,489 7,681 7,700 7,831 7,948 8,208 8,015 Unemployed ’000 401 335 310 353 348 383 363 359 373

Labour Force Participation Rates, %

by Age Groups 15 – 19 17.2 16.2 14.7 16.2 15.2 15.0 13.8 13.3 11.7 20 – 24 55.9 54.4 54.5 55.0 52.7 55.5 55.6 57.4 53.2 25 – 29 64.2 66.1 64.4 64.7 63.8 65.4 65.8 67.6 66.3 30 – 39 67.2 67.4 65.7 67.9 68.0 67.4 67.6 68.1 66.0 40 & above 53.8 53.1 52.7 54.1 53.4 54.0 54.4 54.6 52.8

All Ages (15 years & above) 48.1 52.9 52.5 53.7 53.2 53.8 53.8 54.1 51.8

By Sector and Sex

Urban Male 63.6 69.8 70.7 70.2 70.4 70.0 72.6 72.5 72.1 Female 23.8 28.0 28.9 27.5 29.4 30.0 30.2 31.6 30.1 Total 42.0 47.8 48.3 47.7 48.7 48.6 49.8 50.5 49.7

Rural Male 67.7 74.7 75.8 75.9 75.4 75.6 75.6 75.0 73.2 Female 32.3 35.3 33.8 37.0 35.7 37.1 37.0 37.7 34.3 Total 49.0 53.8 53.4 54.9 54.1 54.8 54.6 54.8 52.3

All Island Male 67.1 74.0 74.9 74.9 74.6 74.7 75.1 74.5 73.0 Female 31.2 34.3 32.9 35.4 34.6 35.9 35.9 36.6 33.6 Total 48.1 52.9 52.5 53.7 53.2 53.8 53.8 54.1 51.8

(a) Including Eastern Province and excluding Northern Province. Source : Department of Census and Statistics (b) Data covers the entire island. (c) Provisional

Notes : 1. Data upto 2010 are for the household population aged 10 years and above and data from 2011 onwards are for the household population aged 15 years and above. 2. In July 2016, the Department of Census and Statistics published a re-weighted and revised labour force data series for 2011 onwards.

Labour Force : The labour force comprises of the economically active population aged 15 years and above. Labour Force Participation Rate : Percentage of the current “economically active population” or the “labour force” to the total working age population. Employed : Persons, who work as paid employees, employers, own account workers (self-employed), or unpaid family workers during the reference period are said to be employed. This includes persons with a job but not at work during the reference period. Unemployed : Persons who are seeking and available for work, but had no employment during the reference period. 20 population and labour force

Table 3.10 Employment 2009 – 2018(a) Per cent

By Industrial Category(e) Agriculture 32.6 32.7 33.1 31.2 – – – – – – Manufacturing 17.7 17.1 16.7 17.5 – – – – – – Construction(f) 7.4 7.1 7.2 8.4 – – – – – – Trade & Hotels 14.7 15.5 15.1 15.6 – – – – – – Transport, Storage & Communication 5.9 6.3 6.2 6.5 – – – – – – Insurance & Real Estate 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.5 – – – – – – Personal Services 18.8 17.9 18.2 17.4 – – – – – – Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 – – – – – –

By Industrial Category(g) Agriculture – – – – 30.2 28.9 28.7 27.1 26.1 25.5 Mining and Quarrying – – – – 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Manufacturing – – – – 17.8 18.0 18.0 17.9 19.3 18.3 Construction, Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply, Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste management and Remediation activities – – – – 7.0 7.3 7.0 7.8 8.4 8.9 Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motor Cycles – – – – 13.6 13.1 13.5 13.9 14.1 14.2 Transport and Storage – – – – 6.1 6.3 6.1 6.5 6.3 6.3 Accommodation and Food Services Activities – – – – 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 3.0 Information and Communication – – – – 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 Financial and Insurance Activities – – – – 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.2 Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities – – – – 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.1 Administrative and Support Service Activities – – – – 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.9 2.1 Public Administration and Defence, Compulsory Social Security – – – – 7.4 7.7 7.7 7.7 6.4 5.4 Education – – – – 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.6 5.3 Human Health and Social Work Activities – – – – 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Other(h) – – – – 4.3 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.2 4.6 Total – – – – 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

By Occupational Groups Senior Officials and Managers 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 4.8 4.6 6.1 6.0 6.8 7.7 Professionals 6.0 5.6 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.8 7.0 Technicians & Associate Professionals 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.8 8.3 Clerks 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.4 3.7 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.6 Sales & Service Workers; Proprietors & Managers of Enterprises 14.7 14.9 15.3 14.4 11.0 11.7 10.9 11.2 10.0 8.8 Skilled Agricultural and Fishery Workers 22.5 22.3 23.0 21.5 19.4 20.3 18.6 18.1 17.1 16.3 Craft & Related Workers 15.5 15.7 15.9 16.9 17.0 17.1 16.2 16.0 16.7 16.2 Plant & Machine Operators & Assemblers 7.0 7.3 7.1 8.6 8.3 8.3 8.6 8.9 9.0 8.8 Elementary Occupations 22.6 22.6 20.7 19.8 23.1 21.2 22.6 22.6 22.4 22.9 Not Identified 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

By Employment Status Public Employees 15.5 14.3 14.6 15.3 15.2 15.5 15.1 14.6 14.4 14.5 Private Employees 42.1 41.2 40.5 41.2 40.5 40.9 41.0 43.3 43.3 43.4 Employers 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.7 3.1 2.7 3.0 2.8 Own Account Workers 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.9 32.2 32.0 32.3 31.6 31.3 32.3 Unpaid Family Workers 10.6 10.4 10.6 8.7 9.1 8.9 8.4 7.8 8.0 7.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

(a) Data upto 2010 are for the household population aged 10 years and above and Source : Department of Census and Statistics data from 2011 onwards are for the household population aged 15 years and above. (b) Including Eastern Province and excluding Northern Province. (c) Data covers the entire island. (d) Provisional (e) Based on the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) – Revision 3. (f) Mining & Quarrying ,Electricity, Gas & Water also included. (g) Based on ISIC – Revision 4. (h) This includes activities of households as Employers; Real estate; Arts, Entertainment and Recreation; and Extra Territorial Organisations and Bodies.

Note : In July 2016, the Department of Census and Statistics published a re-weighted and revised labour force data series for 2011 onwards. 21 population and labour force

Table 3.11 Unemployment 2009 – 2018

Item 2009(a) 2010(a) 2011(b) 2012(b) 2013(b) 2014(b) 2015(b) 2016(b) 2017(b) 2018(b)(c)

By Age Group

% of Labour Force 15 – 19 20.9 20.3 15.5 18.9 18.8 21.4 24.1 27.1 21.0 26.5 20 – 29 15.4 13.8 12.4 11.3 13.1 13.6 14.2 14.2 13.5 15.0 30 – 39 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 40 and above 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.7 Total 5.8 4.9 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.4

Percentage Distribution 15 – 19 14.5 14.8 12.7 14.1 13.7 14.2 14.5 16.1 12.8 n.a. 20 – 24 37.5 38.7 42.2 40.5 41.0 39.8 37.4 39.7 37.7 n.a. 25 – 29 21.3 21.2 20.7 18.8 18.1 19.3 20.5 21.1 22.2 n.a. 30 – 39 15.1 14.7 15.9 15.8 15.1 15.4 15.8 13.2 14.8 n.a. Above 40 11.6 10.6 8.5 10.8 12.1 11.3 11.8 9.8 12.4 n.a. Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 n.a.

By Level of Education

% of Labour Force Grade 5 and below … … … … … … ...... Grades 6 – 10 5.0 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.8 2.9 G.C.E. (O/L) 8.5 6.9 5.3 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.4 5.8 5.9 5.2 G.C.E. (A/L) and above 11.2 11.6 9.1 7.6 8.7 8.2 9.2 8.3 8.1 9.1 Total 5.8 4.9 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.4 Percentage Distribution Grade 5 and below 4.3 2.7 2.9(d) 2.6(d) 3.9 3.1 2.5 2.7 3.1 n.a. Grades 6 – 10 39.9 34.9 38.1 37.4 36.5 37.7 34.4 35.4 30.3 n.a. G.C.E. (O/L) 23.1 22.7 19.8 27.2 22.1 22.4 24.4 22.1 24.7 n.a. G.C.E. (A/L) and above 32.7 39.7 39.2 32.9 37.5 36.8 38.7 39.8 41.9 n.a. Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 n.a.

By Sex, % of Labour Force Male 4.3 3.5 2.7 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 Female 8.6 7.7 7.1 6.3 6.6 6.5 7.6 7.0 6.5 7.1 Total 5.8 4.9 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.4

(a) Including Eastern Province and excluding Northern Province. Source : Department of Census and Statistics (b) Data covers the entire island. (c) Provisional (d) These figures are to be treated with caution as the corresponding CV (Coefficient of Variation) values are high.

… – Negligible n.a. – Not available

Unemployment Rate : The number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force. Unemployed : Persons who are seeking and available for work, but had no employment during the reference period. 22 population and labour force

Table 3.12 Public Sector Employment 2016 – 2018(a)

2016 2017(b) 2018(c) Service Level Regular Other(d) Total Regular Other(d) Total Regular Other(d) Total

Government Institutions Senior Level(e) 46,117 3,220 49,337 47,863 3,400 51,263 49,196 3,015 52,211 Tertiary Level(f) 74,908 13,521 88,429 76,166 13,259 89,425 74,769 12,937 87,706 Secondary Level(g) 701,889 62,229 764,118 705,033 60,074 765,107 709,267 58,617 767,884 Primary Level(h) 232,871 12,240 245,111 233,408 13,008 246,416 239,791 14,299 254,090 Total 1,055,785 91,210 1,146,995 1,062,470 89,741 1,152,211 1,073,023 88,868 1,161,891

Semi-Government Institutions Senior Level(e) 16,238 1,838 18,076 18,078 2,408 20,486 18,394 1,981 20,375 Tertiary Level(f) 28,539 2,596 31,135 29,747 2,444 32,191 30,230 2,895 33,125 Secondary Level(g) 77,866 6,040 83,906 75,389 5,845 81,234 76,140 6,289 82,429 Primary Level(h) 91,722 17,933 109,655 92,191 18,412 110,603 93,644 19,134 112,778 Total 214,365 28,407 242,772 215,405 29,109 244,514 218,408 30,299 248,707

Public Sector (Total) Senior Level(e) 62,355 5,058 67,413 65,941 5,808 71,749 67,590 4,996 72,586 Tertiary Level(f) 103,447 16,117 119,564 105,913 15,703 121,616 104,999 15,832 120,831 Secondary Level(g) 779,755 68,269 848,024 780,422 65,919 846,341 785,407 64,906 850,313 Primary Level(h) 324,593 30,173 354,766 325,599 31,420 357,019 333,435 33,433 366,868 Total 1,270,150 119,617 1,389,767 1,277,875 118,850 1,396,725 1,291,431 119,167 1,410,598

Per cent

Government Institutions Senior Level(e) 4.4 3.5 4.3 4.5 3.8 4.4 4.6 3.4 4.5 Tertiary Level(f) 7.1 14.8 7.7 7.2 14.8 7.8 7.0 14.6 7.5 Secondary Level(g) 66.5 68.2 66.6 66.4 66.9 66.4 66.1 66.0 66.1 Primary Level(h) 22.1 13.4 21.4 22.0 14.5 21.4 22.3 16.1 21.9 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Semi-Government Institutions Senior Level(e) 7.6 6.5 7.4 8.4 8.3 8.4 8.4 6.5 8.2 Tertiary Level(f) 13.3 9.1 12.8 13.8 8.4 13.2 13.8 9.6 13.3 Secondary Level(g) 36.3 21.3 34.6 35.0 20.1 33.2 34.9 20.8 33.1 Primary Level(h) 42.8 63.1 45.2 42.8 63.3 45.2 42.9 63.2 45.3 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Public Sector (Total) Senior Level(e) 4.9 4.2 4.9 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.2 4.2 5.1 Tertiary Level(f) 8.1 13.5 8.6 8.3 13.2 8.7 8.1 13.3 8.6 Secondary Level(g) 61.4 57.1 61.0 61.1 55.5 60.6 60.8 54.5 60.3 Primary Level(h) 25.6 25.2 25.5 25.5 26.4 25.6 25.8 28.1 26.0 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

(a) Re-categorized in accordance with the definitions given in the Public Administration Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka Circular No. 06/2006 issued on 25th April 2006. (b) Revised (c) Provisional (d) Employees on contract and casual basis. (e) Represents Executives/Senior Executives; Judicial/Law Officers and Medical Officers.

(f) Represents Field/Office based Officers; Supra/Special Class Management Assistants; Sri Lanka Principals’ Service; Police Inspectors/Chief Inspectors and similar posts in other Regulatory Services; Special Grades of Nurses/Professions Supplementary to Medical Services and Para-Medical Services; and Medical Practitioners. (g) Represents Management Assistant (Technical and Non-Technical); Associate Officers; Sri Lanka Teachers’ Service; Police Constables/Sergeants/Sergeant Major/ Sub-Inspectors and similar posts in other Regulatory Services; Supervisory Management Assistants; and Nurses/ PSM Services and Para-Medical Services except the Special Grades of these services. (h) Represents primary level un-skilled, semi-skilled and skilled employees. 23 population and labour force

Table 3.13 Migration for Foreign Employment 2010 – 2018

Category 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a) 2018(b)

Total Migration for Employment (No.) 267,507 262,961 282,447 293,218 300,703 263,443 242,816 211,992 211,459 Male (No.) 148,001 136,307 144,135 175,185 190,217 172,788 160,306 139,268 129,774 % 55.3 51.8 51.0 59.7 63.3 65.6 66.0 65.7 61.4 Female (No.) 119,506 126,654 138,312 118,033 110,486 90,655 82,510 72,724 81,685 % 44.7 48.2 49.0 40.3 36.7 34.4 34.0 34.3 38.6

Average No. of Migrant travellers for employment per day 733 720 774 803 824 722 665 581 579

Migration for employment as a % of all departures 12.6 10.7 22.6 23.2 22.9 19.4 16.8 14.7 14.3

Migrant Employment by skills (%) Professional 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.4 Middle level 2.6 2.3 3.3 5.6 6.9 2.6 3.4 3.4 3.7 Clerical & related 3.0 3.8 5.7 9.1 9.7 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.7 Skilled Labour 28.5 27.4 25.0 26.3 25.7 32.8 33.1 34.1 33.0 Unskilled Labour 22.6 24.2 22.3 24.2 26.4 29.6 29.5 28.8 24.5 Housemaids 42.1 40.9 42.1 33.0 29.5 27.8 26.8 26.4 30.7

Migrant remittances (Rs. Mn.) Middle-East 279,688 335,201 428,593 460,195 509,487 512,437 566,260 565,642 582,719 Other 185,684 233,902 335,387 367,494 406,857 436,520 488,229 526,330 555,405

Middle-East remittances as a % of total remittances 60.1 58.9 56.1 55.6 55.6 54.0 53.7 51.8 51.2 Total remittances as a % of export earnings 47.8 48.7 61.3 61.6 63.1 66.3 70.3 63.0 58.9

(a) Revised Sources : Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment (b) Provisional Department of Immigration and Emigration

Migrant Employment by Skills (%) Migrant Employment by Gender (%)

100.0 Housemaids

80.0 Unskilled Labour 38.6 60.0 34.4 Skilled Labour Male Female 40.0 Clerical & Related 65.6 61.4

Middle level 20.0

Professional 0.0 2017 2018 2017 2018 24 population and labour force % 3.14 100.00 (b) 2018 No. Table 211,459 % 100.00 (a) 2017 No. 211,992 Employment of Foreign : Sri Lanka Bureau Source % 2016 No. 242,816 100.00 % 2015 No. 263,443 100.00 % 2014 No. 300,703 100.00 % 100.00 5 0.00 48 0.02 5 0.00 78 0.03 9 0.00 72 0.03 4 0.00 37 0.02 3 34 0.00 0.02 13 0.01 4 0.00 2013 No. 293,218 % 100.00 2012 No. 282,447 % 2011 ountry 2010 – 2018 Foreign E mployment by C ountry D epartures for No. 262,961 100.00 % 2010 No. 267,507 100.00 7,052 9,425 2.64 48,108 3.52 17.98 6,064 5,423 6,367 13,112 50,624 2.27 54,676 2.06 19.25 2.38 4.99 70,830 20.44 5,153 4,536 44,244 42,310 26.48 10,389 52,743 5,379 15.66 15.82 1.61 1.96 3.68 68,552 20.06 2.05 42,740 39,320 26.07 3,949 57,504 4,547 14.58 7,060 14.95 20.36 4,886 97,964 1.40 13 1.55 43,552 2.41 34.68 38,297 306 1.73 3,693 80,724 14.48 0.00 13.56 3,979 3,537 6,197 27.53 0.11 1042 80,887 1.38 38,473 5,317 27.59 5,261 1.21 1.32 48,502 84,622 2.06 14.60 0.39 16.54 1.81 80,480 28.14 12 2,459 1.97 366 3,058 3,722 32,400 4,809 50,347 26.76 65,139 1,078 5,759 0.00 0.94 13.34 2,772 0.14 1.02 1.41 16.74 7,406 1.83 74,894 24.73 0.41 1.92 1.04 2,694 37,410 43,666 111 28.43 2,604 2.82 59,523 3,225 3,867 451 17.65 11 16.58 0.95 7,082 63,293 15 24.51 0.04 0.99 984 1.33 3,036 0.16 5,630 46,951 1.59 0.00 40,117 26.07 2.69 22.20 0.01 0.35 56,637 1.99 1.15 3,297 2,644 16.52 4,178 26.72 3,002 37,745 3,925 9,729 91 1.12 513 17.80 1.09 1.56 1.42 2,875 36,667 50,774 329 1,265 1.85 15 5,402 17.30 24.01 15 0.17 4.01 0.03 35,866 174 3,312 1.02 0.43 0.01 0.12 1.84 2,922 16.96 2,408 4,163 4,194 32,836 0.01 4,777 0.07 1.10 1.38 15.53 4 8,865 1.14 1,470 1.97 468 6,686 1.59 1,609 44 1.79 4.18 361 12 0.00 3,239 0.49 0.55 0.16 2,229 2.22 0.02 4,044 178 5 0.14 0.00 8,345 1.23 1.05 3,449 1,656 1.43 1461 6,967 0.07 0.00 3.95 493 10 1.31 2,914 0.55 0.55 273 2.64 24 0.19 3,485 9 0.00 295 1.20 0.10 3,366 0.01 1,578 1,841 8,630 1.19 0.00 0.10 1.19 574 0.60 1,996 0.76 3.54 4,511 31 6 382 0.24 0.94 3,587 2,054 14 1.50 315 1,795 5,807 0.13 0.00 0.01 1.22 2,455 0.11 0.85 0.85 2.74 0.01 4,813 636 1.16 149 3,821 1,917 0.30 5,409 14 1.83 2,110 536 0.05 1.27 0.91 2.56 1.00 0.01 9 6,116 0.18 584 3,738 0.00 2,249 196 2.52 0.28 1.42 1.06 464 31 0.07 6,279 0.18 0.01 4,817 8 2.96 250 0.00 1.98 702 7,300 0.10 40 3.45 5,619 0.29 0.02 2.65 140 852 0.07 6,362 29 0.40 3.01 0.01 195 827 0.09 0.39 Country \ Year Brunei Cyprus Maldives M iddle E astern C ountries Bahrain Jordan Kuwait Lebonan Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia UAE South E ast A sian C ountries Hong Kong Malaysia Singapore South Korea E uropean C ountries Greece Italy O ther C ountries Mauritius Seychelles United States Other T otal (a) Revised (b) Provisional

25 population and labour force

Table 3.15 Departures for Foreign Employment by Skill Level, Age Group and Gender 2017 – 2018

Year \ Age Group Below 25 25 – 29 30 – 34 35 – 39 40 – 44 45 – 49 Above 49 Total

Departures for Professional, Middle and Clerical Level Jobs

2017(a) Male 1,841 4,230 4,195 3,371 2,371 1,751 2,112 19,871 Female 307 747 606 399 296 263 288 2,906 Total 2,148 4,977 4,801 3,770 2,667 2,014 2,400 22,777 2018(b) Male 1,890 4,574 4,638 3,883 2,751 1,969 2,271 21,976 Female 261 773 629 459 317 262 302 3,003 Total 2,151 5,347 5,267 4,342 3,068 2,231 2,573 24,979

Departures for Skilled Level Jobs

2017(a) Male 9,094 11,533 11,162 11,628 8,277 6,531 6,843 65,068 Female 951 731 556 606 417 325 326 3,912 Total 10,045 12,264 11,718 12,234 8,694 6,856 7,169 68,980 2018(b) Male 8,028 11,340 10,370 10,928 8,532 6,315 6,877 62,390 Female 1,056 909 718 712 485 379 404 4,663 Total 9,084 12,249 11,088 11,640 9,017 6,694 7,281 67,053

Departures for Semi Skilled Level Jobs

2017(a) Male 536 777 570 490 275 172 137 2,957 Female 43 68 66 45 41 40 37 340 Total 579 845 636 535 316 212 174 3,297 2018(b) Male 421 625 457 397 263 168 148 2,479 Female 41 68 42 51 26 30 33 291 Total 462 693 499 448 289 198 181 2,770

Departures for Unskilled Level Jobs

2017(a) Male 9,794 11,382 9,326 8,538 5,227 3,678 3,427 51,372 Female 763 970 1,155 1,550 1,624 1,685 1,935 9,682 Total 10,557 12,352 10,481 10,088 6,851 5,363 5,362 61,054 2018(b)) Male 8,301 9,725 7,820 6,912 4,391 2,915 2,865 42,929 Female 595 915 941 1,441 1,544 1,511 1,843 8,790 Total 8,896 10,640 8,761 8,353 5,935 4,426 4,708 51,719

Departures for Housemaid Jobs (Female only)

2017(a) Total 645 4,236 6,752 10,505 10,603 11,846 11,297 55,884 2018(b) Total 687 4,358 7,512 11,991 13,141 12,961 14,288 64,938

Departures for all Occupations

2017(a) Male 21,265 27,922 25,253 24,027 16,150 12,132 12,519 139,268 Female 2,709 6,752 9,135 13,105 12,981 14,159 13,883 72,724 Total 23,974 34,674 34,388 37,132 29,131 26,291 26,402 211,992 2018(b) Male 18,640 26,264 23,285 22,120 15,937 11,367 12,161 129,774 Female 2,640 7,023 9,842 14,654 15,513 15,143 16,870 81,685 Total 21,280 33,287 33,127 36,774 31,450 26,510 29,031 211,459

Departures for all Occupations as a % of Total Departures

2017(a) Male 13.9 25.0 19.8 19.2 14.9 13.5 6.3 15.3 Female 2.6 12.9 17.3 24.4 25.0 27.9 8.2 13.6 Total 9.4 21.1 19.1 20.8 18.1 18.7 7.2 14.7 2018(b) Male 12.7 23.7 19.1 17.9 14.9 12.3 6.0 14.3 Female 2.6 13.3 19.3 27.8 30.6 29.0 9.8 15.3 Total 8.5 20.4 19.1 20.9 19.9 18.3 7.7 14.7

(a) Revised Sources : Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment (b) Provisional Department of Immigration and Emigration 26 population and labour force 316 3.16 7,052 1,272 7,975 8,752 3,047 5,714 20,891 10,886 15,780 81,685 Female (b) Table 2018 240 5,509 6,308 2,822 6,900 37,993 16,295 11,041 27,152 15,514 Male 129,774 0 9,229 6,061 1,063 6,146 7,506 2,678 5,019 20,924 14,098 72,724 Female (a) 0 2017 6,164 7,414 3,203 7,096 Employment of Foreign : Sri Lanka Bureau Source 40,799 16,574 11,528 29,950 16,540 Male 139,268 9 6,920 1,590 7,622 7,847 3,631 5,837 22,873 11,732 14,449 82,510 Female 2016 30 7,940 7,907 3,673 8,756 47,022 20,440 13,552 32,827 18,159 Male 160,306 199 7,357 1,228 9,798 9,129 4,294 6,285 21,997 13,396 16,972 90,655 Female 2015 179 7,717 8,107 4,033 8,839 49,951 21,221 14,113 37,034 21,594 Male 172,788 4 8,611 1,902 4,444 7,239 27,253 15,256 13,250 20,795 11,732 110,486 Female 2014 1 9,262 4,359 9,030 52,969 22,716 14,424 10,722 43,232 23,502 Male 190,217 9,173 1,926 8,647 5,048 7,490 3,760 28,114 17,370 12,097 24,408 118,033 Female 2013 7,668 5,620 4,093 8,127 8,955 47,212 20,746 12,192 37,302 23,270 Male 175,185 2,278 6,662 2,331 30,636 20,573 12,264 14,885 24,500 13,168 11,015 138,312 Female 2012 5,042 6,197 3,524 8,326 3,306 40,622 17,139 12,148 31,042 16,789 Male 144,135 istrict, Province and G ender 2011 – 2018 Foreign E mployment by D istrict, D epartures for 1,799 5,146 9,799 6,558 28,729 16,838 11,049 12,676 22,288 11,772 126,654 Female 2011 4,597 5,751 2,910 7,958 7,936 38,833 15,301 11,201 26,404 15,416 Male 136,307

18,150 13,707 12,837 6,976 10,292 19,036 14,212 5,600 13,316 10,952 7,374 22,365 15,903 12,493 6,368 9,782 23,925 8,944 18,892 11,731 5,839 22,504 9,802 10,152 17,735 8,935 5,720 21,682 8,309 9,712 10,086 16,810 18,572 4,753 8,290 9,252 14,835 8,530 16,945 7,716 4,497 8,523 14,095 7,392 7,802 3,956 6,953 4,566 11,010 2,689 10,415 1,602 12,344 3,437 2,986 11,781 2,976 1,819 15,923 3,809 12,421 4,983 3,986 17,595 837 11,355 3,878 16,642 1,071 4,396 10,037 3,478 725 15,733 3,898 7,531 423 2,850 13,261 681 3,659 6,219 12,627 509 2,675 7,040 1,048 2,664 1,526 1,892 2,963 649 2,426 1,118 705 1420 6,195 3,029 1,977 6,233 2,515 2,301 6,720 3,251 2,177 6,938 2,818 2,508 6,828 3,014 2,350 5,174 2,015 1,984 7,968 3,782 2,674 4,986 1,899 1,726 7,786 3,917 2,410 4,310 1,612 1,435 7,336 3,776 2,440 4,039 1,422 1,459 6,562 3,009 1,957 3,574 1,148 1,339 6,228 2,919 1,894 4,341 1,277 1,434 3,550 0 324 683 123 600 3,621 299 0 49 768 707 484 139 5,616 88 710 355 198 565 946 72 625 311 7,817 1,091 25 375 101 473 870 835 5,632 15 447 1,612 366 257 11 978 85 5,875 666 1,109 296 0 338 382 506 83 4493 14 1,091 672 292 346 496 684 0 3,987 70 842 602 10 300 188 391 258 2 803 44 479 39 473 143 360 24 73 97 66 11,224 11,284 5,102 3,896 3,066 13,548 4,508 12,677 6,143 4,817 3,538 15,693 15,618 5,204 4,723 2,989 5,991 18,786 17,442 4,385 4,821 2,950 7,004 15,881 15,501 5,479 4,111 3,090 13,921 5,652 14,017 2,856 2,597 2,247 12,874 4,889 12,968 2,357 2,519 1,540 11,355 12,143 4,108 2,855 2,206 2,249 3,654 2,914 9,335 6,081 15,103 7,185 9,635 7,154 15,821 12,798 8,679 14,992 10,472 14,206 9,416 13,791 9,296 13,238 7,004 11,261 10,472 8,356 9,016 5,711 9,923 7,687 9,120 5,433 9,506 6,617 10,429 4,978 6,008 5,351 3,623 2,128 8,219 3,553 3,781 2,416 8,682 4,486 2,849 2,771 4,767 3,880 6,074 3,188 7,850 3,882 5,382 2,725 6,312 2,817 5,247 2,660 5,196 2,651 5,180 2,234 5,241 2,265 4,213 2,095 6,158 2,594 2,127 783 4,159 2,664 987 5,372 860 3,059 1,290 4,026 1,034 3,105 1,022 3,444 1,254 2,899 1,000 3,482 1,134 2,655 812 2,856 1,018 2,039 775 2,046 1,164 2,081 2,373 632 741 674 3,064 4,894 4,408 5,391 3,192 5,134 5,166 5,849 2,781 5,346 3,443 4,047 3,319 5,711 3,303 3,936 3,297 5,542 2,874 3,411 3,616 5,140 2,711 3,126 2,741 4,355 2,326 2,693 2,717 4,183 2,701 3,013

Year Colombo / District Province Western Gampaha Kalutara C entral Kandy Matale Nuwara Eliya Southern Galle Matara Hambanthota N orthern Jaffna Kilinochchi Mannar Mullaitivu Vavuniya E astern Batticaloa Ampara Trincomalee N orth Western Kurunegala Puttalam N orth C entral Anuradhapura Polonnaruwa U va Badulla Moneragala Sabaragamuwa Ratnapura Kegalle N ot I ndicated T otal (a) Revised (b) Provisional

27 National Accounts

Table 4.1 (a) Summary of National Accounts 2013 – 2018

Gross National Income (GNI), Rs. Mn.

GNI at Constant (2010) Prices 7,662,004 8,049,085 8,432,998 8,794,903 9,095,223 9,378,637 GNI at Current Market Prices 9,366,039 10,125,078 10,675,880 11,676,431 13,065,431 14,057,997

Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Rs. Mn.

GDP at Constant (2010) Prices 7,846,202 8,235,429 8,647,833 9,035,830 9,344,839 9,644,728 GDP at Current Market Prices 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,950,621 11,996,083 13,418,287 14,449,931

Real National Income at Constant (2010) Prices (RNI), Rs. Mn. 7,591,186 8,020,973 8,435,489 8,847,120 9,169,275 9,456,499

Economic Growth Rates (In Real Terms), %

Growth of GDP 3.4 5.0 5.0 4.5 3.4 3.2 Growth of GNI 2.8 5.1 4.8 4.3 3.4 3.1 Growth of RNI 3.4 5.7 5.2 4.9 3.6 3.1

Per Capita Income, (Current Market Prices)(d)

GDP Per Capita, Rs. 465,976 498,660 522,304 565,773 625,736 666,817 US $ 3,609 3,819 3,842 3,886 4,104 4,102 GNI Per Capita, Rs. 454,993 487,298 509,200 550,697 609,281 648,731 US $ 3,524 3,732 3,746 3,782 3,996 3,991

Expenditure (Current Market Prices), Rs. Mn.

Gross Domestic Expenditure 10,418,678 11,197,644 11,775,486 12,870,372 14,381,088 15,511,809 Consumption 7,229,352 7,850,006 8,360,930 9,529,202 10,513,141 11,381,403 Investment 3,189,326 3,347,638 3,414,556 3,341,171 3,867,947 4,130,406

Savings (Current Market Prices), Rs. Mn.

Domestic Savings 2,362,773 2,511,145 2,589,690 2,466,882 2,905,146 3,068,528 National Savings 2,865,365 3,088,201 3,157,031 3,087,012 3,516,606 3,676,098

Net Exports of Goods and Services (Current Market Prices), Rs. Mn. -826,553 -836,493 -824,865 -874,289 -962,801 -1,061,878

Export of Goods and Services 1,949,158 2,185,039 2,301,065 2,540,049 2,909,720 3,292,414 Import of Goods and Services 2,775,711 3,021,531 3,125,931 3,414,338 3,872,521 4,354,292

Primary Income from Rest of the World (net) (Current Market Prices), Rs. Mn. -226,086 -236,073 -274,740 -319,652 -352,856 -391,934

(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates. Sources : Department of Census and Statistics (b) Revised Central Bank of Sri Lanka (c) Provisional (d) Estimates updated with latest population figures. 28 National Accounts

Table 4.2 GDP, GNI and Deflators (Factor Cost Prices) 1970 – 2018

Gross Domestic Product Gross National Income Adjusted Adjusted Year Rs. Mn. Growth Rs. Mn. Growth GDP Rs. Mn. Growth Rs. Mn. Growth GNI GDP GNI at Rate at Rate Deflator at Rate at Rate Deflator Deflator Deflator Current % Constant % Current % Constant % (1959=100)(b) (1959=100) Prices Prices(a) Prices Prices(a)

BASE YEAR 1970 1970 13,187 – 13,187 4.3 100.0 12,967 – 12,967 4.8 100.0 119.8 119.4 1971 13,674 3.7 13,209 0.2 103.5 13,486 4.0 13,034 0.5 103.5 124.1 123.6 1972 14,720 7.6 13,631 3.2 108.0 14,542 7.8 13,474 3.4 107.9 129.4 128.4 1973 17,920 21.7 14,138 3.7 126.8 17,737 22.0 14,016 4.0 126.3 151.9 151.1 1974 23,302 30.0 14,585 3.2 159.8 23,119 30.3 14,449 3.1 160.0 191.5 191.1 1975 25,691 10.3 14,987 2.8 171.4 25,478 10.2 14,837 2.7 171.7 205.4 205.1 1976 28,032 9.1 15,431 3.0 181.7 27,750 8.9 15,258 2.8 181.9 217.7 217.2 1977 34,684 23.7 16,078 4.2 215.7 34,432 24.1 15,934 4.4 216.1 258.5 258.1 1978 40,479 16.7 17,401 8.2 232.6 40,242 16.9 17,329 8.8 232.2 278.8 277.3 1979 49,782 23.0 18,501 6.3 269.1 49,542 23.1 18,430 6.4 268.8 322.5 321.0 1980 62,246 25.0 19,575 5.8 318.0 61,814 24.8 19,456 5.6 317.7 381.1 379.4 1981 79,337 27.5 20,706 5.8 383.2 77,625 25.6 20,257 4.1 383.2 459.2 457.7 1982 91,643 15.5 21,756 5.1 421.2 89,609 15.4 21,229 4.8 422.1 504.8 504.1 BASE YEAR 1982 1982 94,679 – 94,679 5.1 100.0 92,720 – 92,720 4.8 100.0 504.8 504.1 1983 113,878 20.3 99,375 5.0 114.6 110,664 19.4 96,439 4.0 114.8 578.5 579.5 1984 140,039 23.0 104,395 5.1 134.1 136,638 23.5 101,399 5.1 134.8 677.1 679.3 1985 148,321 5.9 109,570 5.0 135.4 144,921 6.1 106,741 5.3 135.8 683.4 684.5 1986 163,713 10.4 114,261 4.3 143.3 159,852 10.3 111,565 4.5 143.3 723.3 722.3 1987 177,731 8.6 115,922 1.5 153.3 173,395 8.5 113,307 1.6 153.0 774.0 771.5 1988 203,516 14.5 119,050 2.7 171.0 198,250 14.3 116,214 2.6 170.6 863.0 860.0 1989 228,138 12.1 121,729 2.3 187.4 222,399 12.2 118,874 2.3 187.1 946.1 943.2 1990 290,615 27.4 129,244 6.2 224.9 283,930 27.7 126,426 6.4 224.6 1,135.1 1,132.2 1991 337,399 16.1 135,204 4.6 249.6 330,032 16.2 132,214 4.6 249.6 1,259.7 1,258.4 1992 386,999 14.7 140,990 4.3 274.5 379,179 14.9 138,074 4.4 274.6 1,385.6 1,384.4 1993 453,092 17.1 150,783 6.9 300.5 447,113 17.9 148,744 7.7 300.6 1,516.9 1,515.3 1994 523,300 15.5 159,269 5.6 328.6 514,990 15.2 156,571 5.3 328.9 1,658.6 1,658.1 1995 598,327 14.3 167,953 5.5 356.2 591,369 14.8 165,897 6.0 356.5 1,798.3 1,797.0 1996 695,934 16.3 174,261 3.8 399.4 684,741 15.8 171,056 3.2 400.0 2,016.0 2,016.4 BASE YEAR 1996 1996 695,934 – 695,934 3.8 100.0 684,676 – 684,676 – 100.0 2,016.0 2,016.4 1997 803,698 15.5 739,763 6.3 108.6 794,289 16.0 730,947 6.8 108.7 2,189.4 2,191.1 1998 912,839 13.6 774,796 4.7 117.8 901,283 13.5 764,908 4.6 117.8 2,374.8 2,374.5 1999 994,730 9.0 808,340 4.3 123.0 976,899 8.4 794,340 3.8 123.1 2,481.7 2,482.7 2000 1,125,259 13.1 857,035 6.0 131.3 1,102,177 12.8 840,200 5.8 131.2 2,647.0 2,645.5 2001 1,245,599 10.7 843,794 -1.5 147.6 1,221,768 10.9 829,055 -1.3 147.4 2,975.6 2,972.2 BASE YEAR 2002 2002(c) 1,636,037 – 1,636,037 – 100.0 1,611,994 – 1,611,994 – 100.0 3,225.6 3,220.2 2003 1,822,468 11.4 1,733,222 5.9 105.1 1,805,933 12.0 1,717,497 6.5 105.1 3,391.7 3,386.0 2004 2,090,841 14.7 1,827,597 5.4 114.4 2,070,109 14.6 1,809,475 5.4 114.4 3,690.2 3,684.0 2005 2,452,782 17.3 1,941,671 6.2 126.3 2,422,733 17.0 1,917,884 6.0 126.3 4,074.7 4,067.9 2006 2,938,680 19.8 2,090,564 7.7 140.6 2,898,256 19.6 2,061,806 7.5 140.6 4,534.2 4,526.6 2007 3,578,688 21.8 2,232,656 6.8 160.3 3,539,634 22.1 2,208,291 7.1 160.3 5,170.2 5,161.6 2008 4,410,682 23.2 2,365,501 6.0 186.5 4,305,650 21.6 2,309,171 4.6 186.5 6,014.4 6,004.3 2009 4,835,293 9.6 2,449,214 3.5 197.4 4,779,498 11.0 2,420,952 4.8 197.4 6,368.0 6,357.4 BASE YEAR 2010 2010 6,413,668 – 6,413,668 – 100.0 6,343,892 – 6,343,892 – 100.0 6,832.8 6,821.4 2011 7,219,106 12.6 6,952,720 8.4 103.8 7,147,065 12.7 6,885,232 8.5 103.8 7,094.6 7,080.8 2012 8,732,463 21.0 7,588,517 9.1 115.1 8,577,574 20.0 7,453,571 8.3 115.1 7,862.9 7,850.1 2013 9,592,125 9.8 7,846,202 3.4 122.3 9,366,039 9.2 7,662,004 2.8 122.2 8,353.3 8,338.5 2014 10,361,151 8.0 8,235,429 5.0 125.8 10,125,078 8.1 8,049,085 5.1 125.8 8,596.5 8,580.8 2015 10,950,621 5.7 8,647,833 5.0 126.6 10,675,880 5.4 8,432,998 4.8 126.6 8,652.4 8,635.9 2016(d) 11,996,083 9.5 9,035,830 4.5 132.8 11,676,431 9.4 8,794,903 4.3 132.8 9,071.3 9,056.1 2017(d)(e) 13,418,287 11.9 9,344,839 3.4 143.6 13,065,431 11.9 9,095,223 3.4 143.6 9,811.3 9,795.5 2018(e) 14,449,931 7.7 9,644,728 3.2 149.8 14,057,997 7.6 9,378,637 3.1 149.9 10,236.9 10,225.3

Note : Base year 1959 series from 1960 to 1970 can be obtained from previous publications. Sources : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (a) The continuous series on GDP and GNI (at 1996 Factor Cost Prices) for the period 1959–2002 are given Department of Census and Statistics in Table 7 of the special statistical appendix of the Central Bank 2002 Annual Report. (b) The continuous GDP deflator series (1996=100) are given in Table 2 of the special statistical appendix of the Central Bank Annual Report. (c) Figures from 2002 onwards are based on the estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics. (d) Revised. (e) Provisional. Note : Base year 1959 series from 1960 to 1970 can be obtained from previous publications. 29 National Accounts

Table 4.3 Gross Domestic Product at Constant Prices 1970 – 2018(a) Rs. Million Agriculture, Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport, Trade Banking, Owner- Public Services Gross Forestry & factu- truction city Storage & Insurance ship Adminis- (n.e.s.) Domestic Year & Quarry- ring Gas & Communi- & Real of tration & Product Fishing ing Water cation Estate Dwellings Defence

Base Year 1970 1970 3,732 95 2,197 744 101 1,258 2,533 152 399 517 1,459 13,187 1971 3,642 96 2,279 708 90 1,219 2,456 166 407 548 1,598 13,209 1972 3,755 103 2,321 651 101 1,335 2,548 175 415 583 1,644 13,631 1973 3,725 472 2,266 665 107 1,354 2,607 182 419 641 1,700 14,138 1974 3,942 295 2,163 712 108 1,462 2,771 213 455 688 1,776 14,585 1975 3,847 395 2,263 649 117 1,497 2,886 276 463 729 1,865 14,987 1976 3,894 571 2,371 685 122 1,425 2,928 246 467 760 1,962 15,431 1977 4,299 515 2,357 619 131 1,498 2,999 295 475 791 2,099 16,078 1978 4,532 619 2,541 794 158 1,607 3,267 318 499 854 2,212 17,401 1979 4,622 652 2,659 960 190 1,716 3,551 350 518 905 2,378 18,501 1980 4,766 684 2,681 1,066 209 1,838 3,849 402 549 959 2,572 19,575 1981 5,097 713 2,820 1,034 234 1,957 4,034 462 579 997 2,779 20,706 1982 5,231 742 2,955 1,013 257 2,079 4,275 517 611 1,102 2,974 21,756 Base Year 1982 1982 24,964 2,238 13,601 7,959 1,089 10,666 19,694 3,715 3,250 2,899 4,604 94,679 1983 26,212 2,413 13,710 8,039 1,161 11,281 20,738 4,130 3,315 3,786 4,590 99,375 1984 26,113 2,449 15,390 8,030 1,239 12,437 22,029 4,526 3,381 4,165 4,636 104,395 1985 28,366 2,486 16,193 8,070 1,313 12,959 22,925 4,975 3,432 4,432 4,419 109,570 1986 29,106 2,615 17,558 8,191 1,406 13,377 23,821 5,174 3,497 5,274 4,242 114,261 1987 27,409 3,112 18,748 8,338 1,448 13,538 24,496 5,490 3,550 5,435 4,358 115,922 1988 27,984 3,392 19,622 8,463 1,499 13,619 25,164 5,819 3,603 5,462 4,423 119,050 1989 27,666 3,576 20,488 8,514 1,526 13,883 25,588 6,168 3,650 6,140 4,530 121,729 1990 30,011 3,901 22,427 8,761 1,681 14,410 26,497 6,556 3,705 6,355 4,940 129,244 1991 30,570 3,511 23,949 9,033 1,800 15,534 28,556 6,831 3,761 6,304 5,355 135,204 1992 30,090 3,300 26,059 9,765 1,897 16,606 30,074 7,241 3,795 6,449 5,714 140,990 1993 31,554 3,693 28,806 10,400 2,125 17,287 32,584 8,023 3,841 6,642 5,828 150,783 1994 32,593 3,915 31,418 11,024 2,335 17,823 34,667 8,785 3,887 6,848 5,974 159,269 1995 33,659 4,048 34,294 11,564 2,573 18,803 35,906 9,707 3,938 7,218 6,243 167,953 1996 32,109 4,408 36,539 11,957 2,522 20,213 37,765 10,687 3,989 7,579 6,493 174,261 Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport, Wholesale Financial Public Gross culture, & factu- truction city, Gas Storage& and Retail Services, Real Administration, Domestic Year Forestry Quarry- ring & Commu- Trade, Estate and Other Govt. Product & ing Water nication Hotels and Business Services Fishing Resturants Services and Defence

Base Year 1996 1996 156,108 13,927 112,724 48,234 9,171 74,502 159,751 68,316 53,203 695,934 1997 160,753 14,460 122,929 50,842 9,918 81,074 170,148 73,951 55,698 739,763 1998 164,804 13,677 130,702 54,461 10,921 87,266 177,611 77,944 57,411 774,796 1999 172,238 14,238 136,498 57,075 11,958 94,303 179,940 81,259 60,851 808,340 2000 175,317 14,921 149,115 59,815 12,496 101,670 195,233 85,766 62,702 857,035 2001 169,377 15,019 142,909 61,292 12,130 105,497 181,733 91,457 64,381 843,795 2002 173,623 14,858 145,864 60,796 12,044 113,525 191,505 99,820 65,213 877,248 Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport Whole- Hotels Banking, Owner- Govern- Private Gross culture, & factu- truction city, & sale & Insu- ship of ment Services Domestic Year Forestry Quarry- ring Gas Commu- & Restau- rence & Dwell- Services Product & ing & nication Retail rants Real ings Fishing Water Trade Estate Base Year 2002(b) 2002 233,615 19,888 302,365 100,404 35,608 173,745 389,332 3,460 130,465 68,371 139,094 39,691 1,636,037 2003 237,531 23,156 314,204 104,136 38,151 191,872 420,478 8,802 144,816 69,252 140,234 40,592 1,733,222 2004 237,536 24,439 330,459 110,259 40,445 210,495 451,633 10,691 153,143 70,008 146,030 42,460 1,827,597 2005 241,851 28,791 350,886 120,196 46,108 230,597 480,402 9,186 163,863 70,749 153,866 45,177 1,941,671 2006 257,147 35,769 370,355 131,248 52,926 259,546 514,511 9,411 177,817 71,533 161,611 48,689 2,090,564 2007 265,870 42,631 394,233 142,996 55,339 286,764 546,145 9,199 193,375 72,345 171,259 52,500 2,232,656 2008 285,897 48,090 413,681 154,173 56,847 310,029 571,911 8,741 206,048 73,137 181,051 55,896 2,365,501 2009 295,097 52,030 427,334 162,790 58,974 329,578 570,698 9,901 217,819 74,051 191,778 59,164 2,449,214 2010 315,610 60,079 458,660 177,912 63,682 368,643 613,358 13,845 234,255 74,692 202,187 62,617 2,645,542 Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transpor- Whole- Accom- Financial Real Informa- Public Profes- Gross culture, & factu- truction city, tation, sale modation, Services, Estate tion Adminis- sional & Domestic Year Forestry Quarry- ring Gas, Storage, & Food Insurance including & tration, Other Product & ing Water & Postal & Retail and & Ownership Commu- Defence, Personal Fishing Sewerage Courier Trade Beverage Reinsu- of nication Education Services Activities Services rance Dwelling & Human Health Base Year 2010(b) 2010 544,914 124,926 1,157,975 336,381 89,584 666,220 705,778 87,693 342,763 307,112 31,650 658,950 704,156 6,413,668 2011 569,954 148,100 1,198,135 424,798 95,914 749,959 788,048 105,372 382,274 328,076 33,813 659,260 770,353 6,952,720 2012 592,443 184,468 1,235,988 514,757 100,388 809,833 848,686 134,160 433,714 369,719 36,674 726,619 886,056 7,588,517 2013 611,676 198,447 1,263,921 553,438 103,274 853,903 859,977 126,392 456,863 417,024 39,510 686,499 965,476 7,846,202 2014 639,696 201,613 1,296,100 611,842 109,156 889,562 884,094 131,481 495,201 444,049 44,078 723,918 1,006,119 8,235,429 2015 669,725 191,145 1,360,977 596,697 118,906 935,581 933,216 134,017 575,798 489,352 48,917 750,036 1,027,800 8,647,833 2016(c) 644,655 217,577 1,402,395 645,994 130,867 986,963 957,088 139,443 646,736 520,085 52,829 786,822 1,037,651 9,035,830 2017(c)(d) 642,366 237,381 1,448,383 674,025 135,932 1,018,216 993,471 146,431 700,547 544,727 57,870 777,518 1,072,328 9,344,839 2018(d) 672,923 225,321 1,491,654 659,687 142,303 1,046,654 1,042,926 154,475 781,478 565,303 63,021 784,401 1,122,590 9,644,728

(a) The continuous series on GDP (at 1996 Factor Cost Prices) for the period 1959–2002 are given in Table 7 of the Sources : Central Bank of Sri Lanka special statistical appendix of the Central Bank 2002 Annual Report. Department of Census (b) Figures from 2002 onwards are constant prices based on the estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics. and Statistics (c) Revised. (d) Provisional. 30 National Accounts

Table 4.4 Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices 1970 – 2018 Rs. Million Agriculture, Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport, Trade Banking, Owner- Public Services Gross Forestry & factu- truction city Storage & Insurance ship Adminis- (n.e.s.) Domestic Year & Quarry- ring Gas & Communi- & Real of tration & Product Fishing ing Water cation Estate Dwellings Defence

Base Year 1970 1970 3,732 95 2,197 744 101 1,258 2,533 152 399 517 1,459 13,187 1971 3,705 112 2,399 751 113 1,270 3,076 166 407 550 1,549 13,674 1972 3,878 129 2,592 711 130 1,405 2,652 191 414 575 1,619 14,720 1973 4,892 489 3,122 802 136 1,596 3,806 220 421 654 1,782 17,920 1974 7,728 334 4,342 1,011 154 1,853 4,443 302 456 704 1,976 23,303 1975 7,798 450 5,158 1,018 164 2,079 4,975 336 639 798 2,276 25,691 1976 8,133 639 5,620 1,164 171 2,286 5,456 419 726 948 2,470 28,032 1977 10,644 595 8,023 1,133 194 2,723 6,239 542 832 1,177 2,582 34,684 1978 12,332 732 8,094 1,965 239 2,994 7,536 845 969 1,516 3,257 40,479 1979 13,412 947 9,484 3,218 398 4,744 9,435 1,243 1,293 1,664 3,944 49,782 1980 17,151 1,249 11,048 5,552 601 5,293 10,898 1,785 1,457 1,965 5,247 62,246 1981 21,977 1,514 12,883 7,001 808 7,307 14,197 2,463 1,768 2,350 7,069 79,337 1982 25,157 1,734 14,134 7,959 1,244 8,536 16,059 3,192 2,052 2,878 8,698 91,643 Base Year 1982 1982 24,964 2,238 13,601 7,959 1,089 10,666 19,694 3,715 3,250 2,899 4,604 94,679 1983 32,180 2,799 15,958 9,807 1,428 12,554 21,759 4,183 3,696 4,100 5,414 113,878 1984 40,138 3,153 20,890 11,180 1,633 15,499 27,192 4,731 3,958 5,322 6,343 140,039 1985 41,069 3,328 21,849 11,640 2,042 16,554 29,261 5,693 4,162 6,376 6,347 148,321 1986 44,355 4,155 24,869 12,272 2,252 17,911 31,808 6,840 4,578 7,945 6,728 163,713 1987 47,923 4,927 28,470 13,020 2,346 18,663 34,520 7,455 4,904 8,501 7,002 177,731 1988 53,600 5,567 31,298 14,943 2,492 21,988 40,578 9,002 5,250 11,050 7,748 203,516 1989 58,462 5,980 34,941 17,332 2,788 23,109 46,625 10,496 5,850 13,600 8,955 228,138 1990 76,488 7,098 43,264 21,541 3,652 28,655 61,812 13,225 7,138 15,840 11,902 290,615 1991 90,257 7,204 49,816 24,535 4,729 32,896 71,556 16,399 8,130 17,630 14,247 337,399 1992 100,080 6,757 59,346 28,485 4,630 38,587 83,904 20,827 9,146 18,141 17,096 386,999 1993 111,659 8,446 68,881 32,615 6,065 45,533 99,736 27,804 10,344 22,622 19,387 453,092 1994 124,370 10,473 80,482 38,323 7,727 52,591 115,021 35,617 11,513 25,314 21,869 523,300 1995 137,678 11,510 94,098 44,455 8,701 59,217 131,449 43,346 12,572 31,136 24,165 598,327 1996 156,108 13,927 112,724 48,234 9,171 73,784 155,316 49,675 14,232 35,215 27,548 695,934 Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport, Wholesale Financial Public Gross culture, & factu- truction city, Gas Storage& and Retail Services, Real Administration, Domestic Year Forestry Quarry- ring & Commu- Trade, Estate and Other Govt. Product & ing Water nication Hotels and Business Services Fishing Resturants Services and Defence

Base Year 1996 1996 156,108 13,927 112,724 48,234 9,171 74,501 159,750 68,316 53,203 695,934 1997 175,774 16,587 131,876 56,434 11,280 87,192 182,518 80,709 61,328 803,698 1998 192,665 17,433 151,007 69,301 13,660 102,606 202,249 92,943 70,975 912,839 1999 205,599 18,322 163,103 75,538 14,425 114,978 218,293 106,819 77,653 994,730 2000 223,926 21,547 189,331 82,684 13,415 132,990 261,238 114,417 85,711 1,125,259 2001 249,790 23,959 198,721 95,057 16,127 151,983 269,922 138,140 101,898 1,245,599 Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport Whole- Hotels Banking, Owner- Govern- Private Gross culture, & factu- truction city, & sale & Insu- ship of ment Services Domestic Year Forestry Quarry- ring Gas Commu- & Restau- rence & Dwell- Services Product & ing & nication Retail rants Real ings Fishing Water Trade Estate Base Year 2002(a) 2002 233,615 19,888 302,365 100,404 35,608 173,745 389,332 3,460 130,465 68,371 139,094 39,691 1,636,037 2003 241,122 25,523 338,832 110,111 43,562 200,702 441,950 9,277 153,869 73,033 142,793 41,693 1,822,468 2004 262,271 30,129 391,421 127,692 49,116 240,307 513,498 11,763 178,119 77,676 163,474 45,375 2,090,841 2005 289,906 35,932 478,611 167,999 57,908 287,491 569,255 14,218 205,322 88,759 206,497 50,886 2,452,782 2006 333,137 46,202 564,987 216,833 72,457 344,909 659,597 16,646 266,972 103,201 257,837 55,902 2,938,680 2007 418,104 56,645 661,983 264,104 88,005 423,820 790,628 18,367 328,158 126,212 333,758 68,905 3,578,688 2008 590,114 71,768 791,898 327,138 104,666 530,980 949,372 20,611 413,322 141,794 380,765 88,255 4,410,682 2009 613,694 79,204 875,562 366,248 113,687 599,934 948,425 24,988 499,304 161,485 445,543 107,219 4,835,293 2010 717,910 89,226 1,009,003 423,414 127,625 709,400 1,096,961 33,213 597,540 171,871 500,547 127,393 5,604,104 Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transpor- Whole- Accom- Financial Real Informa- Public Profes- Gross culture, & factu- truction city, tation, sale modation, Services, Estate tion Adminis- sional & Domestic Year Forestry Quarry- ring Gas, Storage, & Food Insurance including & tration, Other Product & ing Water & Postal & Retail and & Ownership Commu- Defence, Personal Fishing Sewerage Courier Trade Beverage Reinsu- of nication Education Services Activities Services rance Dwelling & Human Health Base Year 2010(a) 2010 544,914 124,926 1,157,975 336,381 89,584 666,220 705,778 87,693 342,763 307,112 31,650 658,950 704,156 6,413,668 2011 637,567 153,772 1,330,067 451,714 85,484 788,335 846,106 112,442 283,544 350,090 37,819 740,119 822,044 7,219,106 2012 650,510 213,318 1,697,818 621,140 98,489 1,061,994 975,056 154,007 361,537 424,415 45,560 818,584 1,017,139 8,732,463 2013 735,382 245,382 1,723,093 715,455 113,398 1,167,529 1,047,793 155,197 390,522 512,063 58,085 889,849 1,185,506 9,592,125 2014 829,577 254,392 1,758,713 813,689 105,204 1,292,946 1,117,234 166,608 433,665 562,687 61,818 985,732 1,274,928 10,361,151 2015 896,229 249,098 1,780,785 830,412 114,937 1,307,311 1,193,649 171,356 450,227 625,695 76,139 1,144,852 1,314,149 10,950,621 2016(b) 890,925 313,635 1,964,786 934,787 124,219 1,430,878 1,270,056 185,041 527,550 690,153 88,886 1,201,741 1,376,931 11,996,083 2017(b)(c) 1,044,218 350,794 2,141,366 1,040,876 128,909 1,521,312 1,404,494 207,053 675,010 770,244 90,483 1,288,891 1,516,235 13,418,287 2018(c) 1,137,170 358,287 2,343,641 1,054,287 144,154 1,648,737 1,537,544 227,790 701,780 833,256 102,121 1,505,715 1,654,672 14,449,931

(a) Figures from 2002 onwards are based on the estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics. Sources : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (b) Revised. Department of Census (c) Provisional. and Statistics 31 National Accounts

Table 4.5 Gross National Income by Industrial Origin (a) at Constant (2010) Prices 2013 – 2018 Rs. Million

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 611,676 639,696 669,725 644,655 642,366 672,923 Growing of Cereals (except Rice) 14,307 13,969 14,984 13,158 11,503 11,822 Growing of Rice 65,607 61,019 76,293 52,388 48,647 65,144 Growing of Vegetables 54,153 55,244 56,730 58,349 55,240 56,694 Growing of Sugar Cane, Tobacco and Other Non-perennial Crops 2,441 2,287 1,882 2,347 2,044 1,818 Growing of Fruits 37,385 40,888 48,038 46,512 49,960 55,578 Growing of Oleaginous Fruits (Coconut, King Coconut, Oil Palm) 53,424 64,158 67,514 66,971 53,773 57,161 Growing of Tea (Green Leaves) 74,734 73,936 72,051 63,972 66,876 66,308 Growing of Other Beverage Crops (Coffee, Cocoa etc.) 1,321 1,538 1,259 1,354 1,268 1,592 Growing of Spices, Aromatic, Drug and Pharmaceutical Crops 50,833 57,505 60,797 62,931 63,199 66,574 Growing of Rubber 37,987 28,688 25,783 23,028 24,165 24,013 Growing of Other Perennial Crops 14,344 15,402 16,839 16,484 16,717 15,892 Animal Production 36,599 47,950 51,857 55,631 58,726 61,475 Plant Propagation and Support Activities to Agriculture 9,183 9,767 10,421 10,210 9,459 9,624 Forestry and Logging 43,044 47,450 48,362 52,485 62,545 61,984 Marine Fishing and Marine Aquaculture 103,879 105,822 104,413 105,100 103,037 100,958 Fresh Water Fishing and Fresh Water Aquaculture 12,435 14,072 12,503 13,735 15,208 16,286

Industries 2,119,080 2,218,711 2,267,725 2,396,833 2,495,721 2,518,964 Mining and Quarrying 198,447 201,613 191,145 217,577 237,381 225,321 Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco Products 507,127 513,960 528,821 529,786 525,211 554,127 Manufacture of Textiles, Wearing Apparel and Leather Related Products 264,527 276,800 282,719 289,001 300,122 310,948 Manufacture of Wood and of Products of Wood and Cork, except Furniture 25,258 23,139 27,320 32,855 32,617 32,834 Manufacture of Paper Products, Printing and Reproduction of Media Products 24,925 24,968 27,728 30,283 31,839 30,519 Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 27,514 28,723 29,075 31,245 29,743 27,312 Manufacture of Chemical Products and Basic Pharmaceutical Products 81,982 82,243 83,179 90,095 92,758 90,941 Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products 82,187 71,909 76,144 77,055 85,730 87,754 Manufacture of Other Non-metallic Mineral Products 81,037 78,671 75,191 69,660 78,782 84,035 Manufacture of Basic Metals and Fabricated Metal Products 26,589 24,882 28,953 38,577 43,430 46,512 Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment 30,845 32,064 38,848 46,610 50,971 50,271 Manufacture of Furniture 67,488 82,748 94,489 96,303 99,889 97,564 Other Manufacturing and Repair and Installation of Machinery and Equipment 44,443 55,993 68,509 70,923 77,291 78,836 Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 76,789 80,298 85,202 92,356 94,796 98,693 Water Collection, Treatment and Supply 10,975 11,504 12,023 12,972 13,569 14,113 Sewerage, Waste, Treatment and Disposal Activities 15,511 17,355 21,681 25,539 27,567 29,497 Construction 553,438 611,842 596,697 645,994 674,025 659,687

Services 4,405,644 4,618,501 4,894,717 5,127,616 5,311,107 5,560,849 Wholesale and Retail Trade 859,977 884,094 933,216 957,088 993,471 1,042,926 Transportation of Goods and Passengers including Warehousing 849,539 885,506 931,529 982,703 1,013,792 1,042,173 Postal and Courier Activities 4,364 4,056 4,052 4,260 4,425 4,482 Accommodation, Food and Beverage Service Activities 126,392 131,481 134,017 139,443 146,431 154,475 Programming and Broadcasting Activities and Audio Video Productions 2,422 2,513 2,624 2,831 2,804 2,609 Telecommunication 27,395 30,986 34,146 36,984 41,502 45,386 IT Programming Consultancy and Related Activities 9,693 10,579 12,148 13,015 13,564 15,026 Financial Service Activities and Auxiliary Financial Services 386,009 420,223 493,785 554,564 606,459 677,989 Insurance, Reinsurance and Pension Funding 70,854 74,978 82,013 92,172 94,088 103,489 Real Estate Activities, including Ownership of Dwelling 417,024 444,049 489,352 520,085 544,727 565,303 Professional Services 161,963 166,486 154,266 152,229 158,754 165,247 Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security 382,470 402,205 430,105 452,586 430,671 427,978 Education 157,477 173,751 159,875 171,830 172,697 178,483 Human Health Activities, Residential Care and Social Work Activities 146,551 147,962 160,056 162,405 174,150 177,940 Other Personal Service Activities 803,514 839,633 873,534 885,421 913,573 957,342 Equals Gross Value Added (GVA) at Basic Prices 7,136,401 7,476,908 7,832,167 8,169,103 8,449,194 8,752,736 Taxes Less Subsidies on Products 709,801 758,521 815,667 866,727 895,645 891,993 Equals Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Market Price 7,846,202 8,235,429 8,647,833 9,035,830 9,344,839 9,644,728 Net Primary Income from Rest of the World -184,198 -186,344 -214,835 -240,927 -249,616 -266,091 Gross National Income at Market Price 7,662,004 8,049,085 8,432,998 8,794,903 9,095,223 9,378,637

(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates Source : Department of Census and Statistics (b) Revised (c) Provisional 32 National Accounts

Table 4.6 Gross National Income by Industrial Origin (a) at Current Market Prices 2013 – 2018 Rs. Million

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 735,382 829,577 896,229 890,925 1,044,218 1,137,170 Growing of Cereals (except Rice) 17,592 18,454 20,385 16,503 18,241 20,896 Growing of Rice 66,851 100,931 118,098 72,811 88,564 118,653 Growing of Vegetables 69,065 73,091 90,546 85,843 100,037 101,825 Growing of Sugar Cane, Tobacco and Other Non-perennial Crops 3,263 3,431 2,801 3,499 3,518 3,375 Growing of Fruits 44,839 45,697 55,258 64,559 84,328 98,698 Growing of Oleaginous Fruits (Coconut, King Coconut, Oil Palm) 74,654 79,820 95,586 75,805 103,772 109,880 Growing of Tea (Green Leaves) 90,921 91,533 75,789 82,136 116,543 107,061 Growing of Other Beverage Crops (Coffee, Cocoa etc.) 1,263 1,622 1,366 2,096 2,044 3,284 Growing of Spices, Aromatic, Drug and Pharmaceutical Crops 49,507 75,735 80,564 86,460 87,677 87,850 Growing of Rubber 31,493 17,437 14,226 10,718 18,899 21,474 Growing of Other Perennial Crops 19,251 22,636 24,507 25,674 24,165 23,562 Animal Production 40,334 57,284 65,517 92,501 103,725 119,343 Plant Propagation and Support Activities to Agriculture 11,166 12,110 13,808 14,889 14,374 15,310 Forestry and Logging 64,072 71,767 75,549 83,816 100,597 108,776 Marine Fishing and Marine Aquaculture 137,651 141,987 146,923 159,310 159,132 172,988 Fresh Water Fishing and Fresh Water Aquaculture 13,460 16,043 15,305 14,307 18,603 24,194

Industries 2,797,328 2,931,998 2,975,232 3,337,428 3,661,945 3,900,369 Mining and Quarrying 245,382 254,392 249,098 313,635 350,794 358,287 Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco Products 801,748 759,354 823,461 856,778 884,099 883,634 Manufacture of Textiles, Wearing Apparel and Leather Related Products 365,685 415,363 399,291 576,089 595,303 654,482 Manufacture of Wood and of Products of Wood and Cork, except Furniture 27,365 22,269 29,023 24,230 17,153 26,717 Manufacture of Paper Products, Printing and Reproduction of Media Products 28,261 36,585 39,575 48,768 40,133 42,799 Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 66,064 66,690 20,399 5,049 30,496 45,276 Manufacture of Chemical Products and Basic Pharmaceutical Products 62,740 74,134 73,804 85,182 70,492 70,532 Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products 74,995 77,754 81,853 80,909 89,297 113,932 Manufacture of Other Non-metallic Mineral Products 124,831 110,571 92,862 105,854 117,645 180,272 Manufacture of Basic Metals and Fabricated Metal Products 34,300 33,635 39,298 41,259 75,244 91,056 Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment 34,584 33,421 46,309 51,765 62,820 66,947 Manufacture of Furniture 57,966 78,967 78,569 43,015 74,566 81,719 Other Manufacturing and Repair and Installation of Machinery and Equipment 44,553 49,971 56,342 45,888 84,117 86,275 Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 90,539 77,639 82,966 86,882 90,944 104,283 Water Collection, Treatment and Supply 11,189 14,425 15,098 17,820 17,733 18,830 Sewerage, Waste, Treatment and Disposal Activities 11,671 13,140 16,873 19,517 20,231 21,041 Construction 715,455 813,689 830,412 934,787 1,040,876 1,054,287

Services 5,406,544 5,895,618 6,283,379 6,771,236 7,473,723 8,211,616 Wholesale and Retail Trade 1,047,793 1,117,234 1,193,649 1,270,056 1,404,494 1,537,544 Transportation of Goods and Passengers including Warehousing 1,162,834 1,288,124 1,302,310 1,425,988 1,516,276 1,643,580 Postal and Courier Activities 4,695 4,821 5,001 4,890 5,036 5,157 Accommodation, Food and Beverage Service Activities 155,197 166,608 171,356 185,041 207,053 227,790 Programming and Broadcasting Activities and Audio Video Productions 4,198 3,680 4,426 4,809 3,948 4,356 Telecommunication 41,986 44,733 56,181 66,807 67,355 75,617 IT Programming Consultancy and Related Activities 11,902 13,405 15,532 17,271 19,180 22,148 Financial Service Activities and Auxiliary Financial Services 308,810 340,727 347,909 406,826 531,166 554,285 Insurance, Reinsurance and Pension Funding 81,712 92,938 102,319 120,724 143,844 147,496 Real Estate Activities, including Ownership of Dwelling 512,063 562,687 625,695 690,153 770,244 833,256 Professional Services 198,873 210,966 197,247 201,976 224,429 243,568 Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security 501,755 563,280 637,473 678,675 746,439 920,858 Education 189,298 212,148 250,174 256,889 266,318 280,092 Human Health Activities, Residential Care and Social Work Activities 198,796 210,304 257,206 266,177 276,134 304,765 Other Personal Service Activities 986,633 1,063,962 1,116,902 1,174,954 1,291,805 1,411,104 Equals Gross Value Added (GVA) at Basic Prices 8,939,254 9,657,194 10,154,839 10,999,589 12,179,886 13,249,155 Taxes Less Subsidies on Products 652,871 703,957 795,782 996,495 1,238,401 1,200,776 Equals Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Market Price 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,950,621 11,996,083 13,418,287 14,449,931 Net Primary Income from Rest of the World -226,086 -236,073 -274,740 -319,652 -352,856 -391,934 Gross National Income at Market Price 9,366,039 10,125,078 10,675,880 11,676,431 13,065,431 14,057,997

(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates. Source : Department of Census and Statistics (b) Revised (c) Provisional 33 National Accounts

Table 4.7 (a) Composition of Gross Domestic Product at Current Market Prices 2013 – 2018

Gross Domestic Product 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,950,621 11,996,083 13,418,287 14,449,931 9.8 8.0 5.7 9.5 11.9 7.7

Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 735,382 829,577 896,229 890,925 1,044,218 1,137,170 13.0 12.8 8.0 -0.6 17.2 8.9 Mining & Quarrying 245,382 254,392 249,098 313,635 350,794 358,287 15.0 3.7 -2.1 25.9 11.8 2.1 Manufacturing 1,723,093 1,758,713 1,780,785 1,964,786 2,141,366 2,343,641 1.5 2.1 1.3 10.3 9.0 9.4 Construction 715,455 813,689 830,412 934,787 1,040,876 1,054,287 15.2 13.7 2.1 12.6 11.3 1.3 Electricity, Gas, Water and Sewerage 113,398 105,204 114,937 124,219 128,909 144,154 15.1 -7.2 9.3 8.1 3.8 11.8 Transportation & Storage, Postal & Courier Activities 1,167,529 1,454,733 1,473,667 1,611,028 1,723,330 1,871,370 9.9 24.6 1.3 9.3 7.0 8.6 Wholesale & Retail Trade 1,047,793 1,117,234 1,193,649 1,270,056 1,404,494 1,537,544 7.5 6.6 6.8 6.4 10.6 9.5 Accommodation 155,197 166,608 171,356 185,041 207,053 227,790 0.8 7.4 2.8 8.0 11.9 10.0 Financial Services, Insurance & Reinsurance 390,522 433,665 450,227 527,550 675,010 701,780 8.0 11.0 3.8 17.2 28.0 4.0 Real Estate including Ownership of Dwellings 512,063 562,687 625,695 690,153 770,244 833,256 20.7 9.9 11.2 10.3 11.6 8.2 Information & Communication 58,085 61,818 76,139 88,886 90,483 102,121 27.5 6.4 23.2 16.7 1.8 12.9 Public Administration, Defence, Education & Human Health 889,849 985,732 1,144,852 1,201,741 1,288,891 1,505,715 8.7 10.8 16.1 5.0 7.3 16.8 Professional & Other Personal Services 1,185,506 1,274,928 1,314,149 1,376,931 1,516,235 1,654,672 16.6 7.5 3.1 4.8 10.1 9.1 Taxes less Subsidies on Products 652,871 703,957 795,782 996,495 1,238,401 1,200,776 10.1 7.8 13.0 25.2 24.3 -3.0

Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,950,621 11,996,083 13,418,287 14,449,931 9.8 8.0 5.7 9.5 11.9 7.7

Consumption 7,229,352 7,850,006 8,360,930 9,529,202 10,513,141 11,381,403 13.7 8.6 6.5 14.0 10.3 8.3 Government 745,684 868,059 984,755 1,014,746 1,130,674 1,300,180 12.0 16.4 13.4 3.0 11.4 15.0 Private 6,483,669 6,981,947 7,376,176 8,514,456 9,382,467 1,081,223 13.9 7.7 5.6 15.4 10.2 7.4

Gross Domestic Capital Formation 3,189,326 3,347,638 3,414,556 3,341,171 3,867,947 4,130,406 -6.5 5.0 2.0 -2.1 15.8 6.8

Net Export of Goods and Services -826,553 -836,493 -824,865 -874,289 -962,801 -1,061,878 20.2 -1.2 1.4 -6.0 -10.1 -10.3 Export of Goods and Services 1,949,158 2,185,039 2,301,065 2,540,049 2,909,720 3,292,414 12.6 12.1 5.3 10.4 14.6 13.2 Import of Goods and Services 2,775,711 3,021,531 3,125,931 3,414,338 3,872,521 4,354,292 0.3 8.9 3.5 9.2 13.4 12.4

(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates Source : Department of Census and Statistics (b) Revised (c) Provisional

Consumption, Investment and National Savings (Current Prices)

20 Percentage of GDP Percentage

0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Consumption Investment National Savings 34 National Accounts

Table 4.8 Investment and Savings (Current Market Prices) 2015 – 2018(a) Rs. Million

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 10,950,621 11,996,083 13,418,287 14,449,931 Consumption 8,360,930 9,529,202 10,513,141 11,381,403 Investment 3,414,556 3,341,171 3,867,947 4,130,406 Net Export of Goods & Services -824,865 -874,289 -962,801 -1,061,878 Domestic Savings (GDP – Consumption) 2,589,690 2,466,882 2,905,146 3,068,528 Net Primary Income from Rest of the World -274,740 -319,652 -352,856 -391,934 Net Current Transfers from Rest of the World 842,082 939,782 964,316 999,504 National Savings 3,157,031 3,087,012 3,516,606 3,676,098 National Savings – Investment Gap -257,524 -254,159 -351,341 -454,308

Financing the Gap -257,524 -254,159 -351,341 -454,308 Capital Transfers (Net) 6,256 3,745 1,667 2,265 Financial Account (Net) -346,198 -317,181 -329,233 -536,943 Financial Account – Assets 121,053 7,128 450,791 -108,041 Direct Investment 7,199 34,476 10,946 11,021 Portfolio Investment 3 -1 -12 6 Other Investment 70,962 38,245 13,268 59,977 Reserve Assets 42,890 -65,593 426,590 -179,045 Financial Account – Liabilities 467,252 324,309 780,025 428,902 Direct Investment 93,528 131,839 210,027 260,215 Portfolio Investment 101,935 144,665 271,165 -2,281 Other Investment 271,788 47,806 298,832 170,968 Errors and Omissions -94,930 -66,767 20,441 -84,899

GDP (%) Investment 31.2 27.9 28.8 28.6 Domestic Savings 23.6 20.6 21.7 21.2 National Savings 28.8 25.7 26.2 25.4 National Savings – Investment Gap -2.4 -2.1 -2.6 -3.1

(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates. Source : Department of Census and Statistics (b) Revised (c) Provisional

Table 4.9 (a) Quarterly Estimates of GDP [at (2010) Constant Prices]

Rs. Million Agriculture 146,535 153,509 163,535 178,787 153,947 162,063 170,058 186,854 Industry 691,996 549,503 619,316 634,906 703,548 564,936 638,433 612,047 Services 1,216,522 1,322,544 1,363,104 1,408,937 1,283,058 1,386,128 1,421,764 1,469,899 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 2,155,946 2,195,320 2,360,329 2,633,244 2,242,552 2,280,019 2,441,796 2,680,362 Gross National Income (GNI) 2,095,628 2,148,919 2,302,619 2,548,057 2,184,168 2,232,459 2,383,749 2,578,261

Growth, % Agriculture -4.4 -2.6 -2.0 7.2 5.1 5.6 4.0 4.5 Industry 2.9 4.7 4.7 4.3 1.7 2.8 3.1 3.6 Services 4.4 3.9 2.8 3.4 5.5 4.8 4.3 4.3 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 3.2 3.6 3.2 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.5 1.8 Gross National Income (GNI) 3.1 3.7 3.2 3.5 4.2 3.9 3.5 1.2

(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates. Source : Department of Census and Statistics (b) Revised (c) Provisional 35 National Accounts

Table 4.10 (a) Aggregate Demand

A. Domestic Demand Consumption 9,529,202 10,513,141 11,381,403 7,036,082 7,160,351 7,277,006 (% Change) 14.0 10.3 8.3 6.9 1.8 1.6

Gross Domestic Capital Formation 3,210,061 3,553,236 3,707,079 2,334,584 2,447,693 2,435,328 (% Change) 14.1 10.7 4.3 9.1 4.8 -0.5

total Domestic Demand 12,739,263 14,066,377 15,088,482 9,370,666 9,608,044 9,712,333 (% Change) 14.0 10.4 7.3 1.5 2.5 1.1

B. External Demand Exports of Goods and Services 2,540,049 2,909,720 3,292,414 1,593,234 1,714,147 1,722,612 (% Change) 10.4 14.6 13.2 -0.7 7.6 0.5

Imports of Goods and Services 3,414,338 3,872,521 4,354,292 2,749,649 2,945,752 2,997,547 (% Change) 9.2 13.4 12.4 7.9 7.1 1.8

net External Demand -874,289 -962,801 -1,061,878 -1,156,415 -1,231,605 -1,274,935 (% Change) -6.0 -10.1 -10.3 -22.6 -6.5 -3.5

C. Total Demand 11,864,974 13,103,576 14,026,604 8,214,252 8,376,439 8,437,398 (% Change) 14.6 10.4 7.0 5.6 2.0 0.7

(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates. Sources : Department of Census and Statistics (b) Revised Central Bank of Sri Lanka (c) Provisional

Composition of Expenditure (Constant 2010 Prices)

5.0

10,000,000

4.0

6,000,000

Rs. Million 3.0 2,000,000 Growth in Total Demand (%) in Total Growth

-2,000,000 2016 2017 2018 2.0

Domestic Demand External Demand Total Demand GDP Growth 36 National Accounts

Table 4.11 Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Market Prices 2012 – 2017

North North Sabara- Sri Year Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Lanka

GDP (Rs. Mn.)

2012 3,243,854 775,580 834,287 277,828 478,401 760,148 379,243 361,975 467,238 7,578,554 2013(a) 4,049,310 1,003,984 967,872 324,340 544,370 1,045,953 489,622 499,534 667,140 9,592,125 2014(a) 4,295,228 1,088,825 1,033,443 407,074 568,219 1,112,474 561,261 562,679 731,950 10,361,151 2015(a) 4,365,166 1,161,070 1,105,453 452,649 624,395 1,162,834 644,667 609,781 824,606 10,950,621 2016(a)(b) 4,540,772 1,277,670 1,188,146 541,431 632,592 1,280,125 706,286 855,710 973,351 11,996,083 2017(a)(c) 5,054,669 1,436,787 1,313,121 605,331 746,471 1,440,015 751,131 1,020,692 1,050,070 13,418,287

GDP Shares (Percentage)

2012 42.8 10.2 11.0 3.7 6.3 10.0 5.0 4.8 6.2 100.0 2013(a) 42.2 10.5 10.1 3.4 5.7 10.9 5.1 5.2 7.0 100.0 2014(a) 41.5 10.5 10.0 3.9 5.5 10.7 5.4 5.4 7.1 100.0 2015(a) 39.9 10.6 10.1 4.1 5.7 10.6 5.9 5.6 7.5 100.0 2016(a)(b) 37.9 10.7 9.9 4.5 5.3 10.7 5.9 7.1 8.1 100.0 2017(a)(c) 37.7 10.7 9.8 4.5 5.6 10.7 5.6 7.6 7.8 100.0

GDP by Sector (Rs. Mn.)

2012 Agriculture 93,187 117,963 114,187 59,911 85,452 111,772 74,009 94,581 82,414 833,477 Industry 1,135,586 224,035 287,881 49,467 150,339 230,931 98,046 80,391 131,565 2,388,241 Services 2,015,081 433,583 432,218 168,450 242,610 417,445 207,188 187,003 253,259 4,356,837 GDP 3,243,854 775,580 834,287 277,828 478,401 760,148 379,243 361,975 467,238 7,578,554

2013(a) Agriculture 87,427 95,261 120,275 47,918 68,055 113,526 60,451 70,030 72,438 735,382 Industry 1,420,948 234,143 229,387 61,274 166,192 301,476 104,018 124,486 155,403 2,797,328 Services 2,265,326 606,246 552,334 193,073 273,071 559,760 291,827 271,017 393,891 5,406,544 GDP 4,049,310 1,003,984 967,872 324,340 544,370 1,045,953 489,622 499,534 667,140 9,592,125

2014(a) Agriculture 88,570 117,727 157,776 47,280 76,944 123,592 71,682 79,647 66,359 829,577 Industry 1,517,626 240,849 185,879 104,305 148,383 314,744 104,514 145,778 169,920 2,931,998 Services 2,397,206 656,272 619,574 227,831 304,286 598,554 346,932 299,025 445,940 5,895,618 GDP 4,295,228 1,088,825 1,033,443 407,074 568,219 1,112,474 561,261 562,679 731,950 10,361,151

2015(a)(b) Agriculture 92,836 125,443 160,595 55,412 82,454 133,857 82,208 90,737 72,686 896,229 Industry 1,505,766 246,373 185,672 103,425 152,739 309,294 122,137 152,500 197,327 2,975,232 Services 2,449,348 704,879 678,853 260,918 343,827 635,180 393,475 322,231 494,668 6,283,379 GDP 4,365,166 1,161,070 1,105,453 452,649 624,395 1,162,834 644,667 609,781 824,606 10,950,621

2016(a)(b) Agriculture 95,423 128,379 162,312 62,454 83,752 129,177 73,589 87,414 68,425 890,925 Industry 1,460,494 280,286 199,955 155,318 125,327 325,952 144,099 339,628 306,368 3,337,428 Services 2,607,660 762,871 727,182 278,683 370,965 718,659 429,928 357,585 517,704 6,771,236 GDP 4,540,772 1,277,670 1,188,146 541,431 632,592 1,280,125 706,286 855,710 973,351 11,996,083

2017(a)(c) Agriculture 106,211 148,585 185,190 74,615 109,816 143,024 86,330 97,271 93,176 1,044,218 Industry 1,595,625 315,095 214,841 170,080 147,843 370,656 125,254 434,777 287,774 3,661,945 Services 2,886,326 840,503 791,899 304,769 419,918 793,434 470,224 394,443 572,207 7,473,723 GDP 5,054,669 1,436,787 1,313,121 605,331 746,471 1,440,015 751,131 1,020,692 1,050,070 13,418,287

(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (b) Revised (c) Provisional Note: Since the tax and subsidies on product adjustment is not included, the addition of Agriculture, Industry and Services sectors will not be equal to GDP. 37 National Accounts

Table 4.12 Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Market Prices – 2016(a)(b) Rs. Million North North Sabara- Sri Major Division Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Lanka

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 95,423 128,379 162,312 62,454 83,752 129,177 73,589 87,414 68,425 890,925 Growing of Cereals (except rice) 1 298 719 1,940 1,514 1,414 4,441 5,914 261 16,503 Growing of Rice 1,534 2,882 6,675 6,549 17,426 10,512 19,923 5,583 1,727 72,811 Growing of Vegetables 3,821 30,729 6,356 6,783 4,168 9,285 5,576 15,521 3,603 85,843 Growing of Sugar Cane, Tobacco and Other Non-Perennial Crops 0 134 0 329 190 81 115 2,635 14 3,499 Growing of Fruits 14,495 4,448 6,844 2,602 5,623 11,272 3,571 9,663 6,043 64,559 Growing of Oleaginous Fruits (Coconut, King coconut, Oil Palm) 13,087 5,222 13,455 1,357 3,766 24,035 5,749 2,211 6,923 75,805 Growing of Tea (Green Leaves) 5,812 27,542 22,458 0 0 0 0 6,307 20,017 82,136 Growing of Other Beverage Crops (Coffee, Cocoa etc.) 173 1,140 57 0 1 156 0 223 346 2,096 Growing of Spices, Aromatic, Drug and Pharmaceutical Crops 4,485 20,074 29,189 2,715 438 5,188 4,818 7,783 11,770 86,460 Growing of Rubber 5,528 685 1,598 0 0 681 0 462 1,764 10,718 Growing of Other Perennial Crops 3,599 3,703 5,439 336 640 4,506 928 1,202 5,319 25,674 Animal Production 9,139 8,856 5,341 12,101 14,814 25,174 10,119 5,423 1,534 92,501 Plant Propagation and Support Activities to Agriculture 1,484 2,544 2,362 836 1,169 2,222 1,330 1,515 1,428 14,889 Forestry and Logging 2,431 19,690 4,910 2,064 3,599 8,102 13,880 21,955 7,184 83,816 Marine Fishing and Marine Aquaculture 29,477 0 55,876 23,226 27,365 23,367 0 0 0 159,310 Fresh Water Fishing and Fresh Water Aquaculture 358 431 1,033 1,615 3,039 3,183 3,139 1,017 492 14,307

Industry 1,460,494 280,286 199,955 155,318 125,327 325,952 144,099 339,628 306,368 3,337,428 Mining and Quarrying 75,400 40,959 10,722 13,310 17,492 27,738 52,842 36,697 38,475 313,635 Manufacture of Food, Beverages and Tobacco Products 261,141 65,386 59,119 33,454 7,183 29,818 6,878 246,932 146,868 856,778 Manufacture of Textiles, Wearing Apparel and Leather Related Products 312,011 43,569 24,876 22,252 936 106,218 27,058 4,166 35,003 576,089 Manufacture of Wood and of Products of Wood and Cork, Except Furniture 18,536 1,275 550 245 409 1,594 206 94 1,322 24,230 Manufacture of Paper Products, Printing and Reproduction of Media Products 46,377 469 582 173 9 409 414 14 321 48,768 Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 4,998 0 0 0 0 51 0 0 0 5,049 Manufacture of Chemical Products and Basic Pharmaceutical Products 67,756 10,449 250 2,437 2 3,332 45 162 749 85,182 Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products 69,016 148 1,908 8 32 3,268 0 9 6,519 80,909 Manufacture of Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products 78,175 2,404 285 459 431 20,762 510 600 2,228 105,854 Manufacture of Basic Metals and Fabricated Metal Products 26,961 610 198 1,348 277 9,983 305 97 1,480 41,259 Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment 50,328 458 177 6 0 258 206 26 306 51,765 Manufacture of Furniture 30,002 2,632 2,945 878 1,758 1,877 1,896 411 617 43,015 Other Manufacturing and Repair and Installation of Machinery and Equipment 41,964 175 807 41 53 626 71 102 2,051 45,888 Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 30,282 19,286 1,608 1,291 996 27,619 693 984 4,124 86,882 Water Collection, Treatment and Supply 10,922 1,428 1,957 93 1,023 438 801 510 649 17,820 Sewerage, Waste, Treatment and Disposal Activities 5,549 2,476 2,379 1,019 1,514 2,280 1,224 1,227 1,849 19,517 Construction 331,075 88,564 91,591 78,305 93,210 89,683 50,951 47,599 63,809 934,787

(Contd.) 38 National Accounts

Table 4.12 (Contd.) Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Market Prices – 2016(a)(b) Rs. Million North North Sabara- Sri Major Division Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Lanka

Services 2,607,660 762,871 727,182 278,683 370,965 718,659 429,928 357,585 517,704 6,771,236 Wholesale and Retail Trade 377,340 139,466 141,498 57,045 90,646 154,589 111,217 81,128 117,129 1,270,056 Transportation of Goods and Passengers including Warehousing 580,137 155,025 147,835 54,219 66,548 151,740 79,467 75,139 115,877 1,425,988 Postal and Courier Activities 1,572 650 598 305 266 481 301 316 401 4,890 Accommodation, Food and Beverage Service Activities 76,182 30,005 38,219 6,693 5,190 1,245 11,999 13,639 1,868 185,041 Programming and Broadcasting Activities and Audio Video Productions 1,367 610 586 251 373 562 302 302 456 4,809 Telecommunication 14,303 7,797 6,567 6,365 5,436 7,898 6,356 5,708 6,377 66,807 IT Programming Consultancy and Related Activities 12,523 871 577 667 391 1,419 285 64 474 17,271 Financial Service Activities and Auxiliary Financial Services 282,940 25,452 22,707 11,550 9,501 21,116 10,879 8,682 13,998 406,826 Insurance, Reinsurance and Pension Funding 81,104 6,934 7,578 3,502 2,835 7,706 3,853 3,208 4,003 120,724 Real Estate Activities, including Ownership of Dwelling 361,207 73,471 66,034 10,299 23,913 58,348 27,480 25,955 43,446 690,153 Professional Services 82,272 28,185 14,329 10,841 12,158 18,737 9,259 9,056 17,139 201,976 Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security 196,753 84,862 75,328 34,178 58,268 75,349 55,654 44,593 53,688 678,675 Education 73,484 33,178 28,989 15,806 17,817 30,379 17,511 16,888 22,837 256,889 Human Health Activities, Residential Care and Social Work Activities 92,868 30,758 32,307 16,198 13,963 33,558 13,917 12,058 20,550 266,177 Other Personal Service Activities 373,608 145,608 144,029 50,764 63,659 155,531 81,449 60,848 99,460 1,174,954

Gross Value Added (GVA), at Basic Prices 4,163,577 1,171,536 1,089,449 496,455 580,044 1,173,787 647,616 784,628 892,497 10,999,589

Taxes Less Subsidies on Products 377,194 106,134 98,697 44,976 52,548 106,338 58,670 71,082 80,855 996,495

Gross Domestic Product (GDP), at Current Market Prices 4,540,772 1,277,670 1,188,146 541,431 632,592 1,280,125 706,286 855,710 973,351 11,996,083

Percent of GDP Contribution 37.9 10.7 9.9 4.5 5.3 10.7 5.9 7.1 8.1 100.0

Per capita GDP by Current Market Prices (Rs.)(c) 753,280 474,970 459,809 489,097 384,555 516,805 531,042 641,943 484,495 565,773

(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (b) Revised. (c) Estimates as per the latest population figures. 39 National Accounts

Table 4.13 Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Market Prices – 2017(a)(b) Rs. Million North North Sabara- Sri Major Division Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Lanka

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 106,211 148,585 185,190 74,615 109,816 143,024 86,330 97,271 93,176 1,044,218 Growing of Cereals (except rice) 0 333 632 1,756 2,223 1,876 4,685 6,414 322 18,241 Growing of Rice 2,591 3,674 12,056 6,343 28,260 6,043 20,431 7,446 1,720 88,564 Growing of Vegetables 5,423 30,178 6,477 10,856 5,222 12,184 7,050 17,155 5,492 100,037 Growing of Sugar Cane, Tobacco and Other Non-Perennial Crops 0 364 0 644 135 104 441 1,825 7 3,518 Growing of Fruits 17,814 5,763 10,655 2,984 6,702 13,139 7,040 12,167 8,063 84,328 Growing of Oleaginous Fruits (Coconut, King Coconut, Oil Palm) 14,021 6,119 13,296 2,831 4,817 40,443 9,485 4,190 8,571 103,772 Growing of Tea (Green Leaves) 8,555 36,917 32,803 0 0 0 0 9,881 28,387 116,543 Growing of Other Beverage Crops (Coffee, Cocoa etc.) 172 1,063 72 0 1 130 1 206 400 2,044 Growing of Spices, Aromatic, Drug and Pharmaceutical Crops 5,013 17,686 33,833 1,494 844 4,964 1,679 7,578 14,585 87,677 Growing of Rubber 7,167 673 3,006 0 0 686 0 691 6,677 18,899 Growing of Other Perennial Crops 2,664 3,113 4,334 424 1,021 2,785 1,310 2,142 6,371 24,165 Animal Production 8,806 11,003 6,039 15,297 17,155 26,088 11,516 5,556 2,265 103,725 Plant Propagation and Support Activities to Agriculture 1,381 2,236 2,356 815 1,270 2,074 1,217 1,439 1,585 14,374 Forestry and Logging 2,963 28,695 6,542 2,150 6,524 9,767 16,224 19,582 8,150 100,597 Marine Fishing and Marine Aquaculture 29,182 0 50,191 28,031 31,287 20,441 0 0 0 159,132 Fresh Water Fishing and Fresh Water Aquaculture 459 768 2,898 991 4,356 2,300 5,252 998 581 18,603

Industry 1,595,625 315,095 214,841 170,080 147,843 370,656 125,254 434,777 287,774 3,661,945 Mining and Quarrying 27,808 58,127 8,775 20,953 38,564 35,615 25,913 117,054 17,986 350,794 Manufacture of Food, Beverages and Tobacco Products 266,645 68,857 60,440 36,781 7,433 31,245 7,117 255,518 150,063 884,099 Manufacture of Textiles, Wearing Apparel and Leather Related Products 318,904 45,927 25,457 24,489 970 111,414 28,027 4,315 35,800 595,303 Manufacture of Wood and of Products of Wood and Cork, Except Furniture 13,062 927 388 186 292 1,153 147 67 932 17,153 Manufacture of Paper Products, Printing and Reproduction of Media Products 38,129 398 479 153 7 345 345 11 264 40,133 Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 30,183 0 0 0 0 313 0 0 0 30,496 Manufacture of Chemical Products and Basic Pharmaceutical Products 55,676 8,855 206 2,156 2 2,809 37 135 616 70,492 Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products 76,080 169 2,106 10 36 3,697 0 10 7,191 89,297 Manufacture of Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products 86,329 2,738 315 545 483 23,530 571 672 2,462 117,645 Manufacture of Basic Metals and Fabricated Metal Products 48,703 1,136 358 2,622 508 18,507 559 177 2,675 75,244 Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment 61,046 573 215 7 0 321 253 32 372 62,820 Manufacture of Furniture 51,699 4,678 5,081 1,629 3,070 3,319 3,310 717 1,063 74,566 Other Manufacturing and Repair and Installation of Machinery and Equipment 76,872 331 1,479 80 98 1,176 132 189 3,760 84,117 Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 32,830 18,673 2,601 1,388 995 28,479 822 755 4,400 90,944 Water Collection, Treatment and Supply 10,738 1,457 1,957 104 1,093 423 798 512 650 17,733 Sewerage, Waste, Treatment and Disposal Activities 5,737 2,568 2,463 1,056 1,582 2,366 1,273 1,273 1,913 20,231 Construction 395,185 99,683 102,519 77,920 92,709 105,944 55,949 53,340 57,627 1,040,876

(Contd.) 40 National Accounts

Table 4.13 (Contd.) Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Market Prices – 2017(a)(b) Rs. Million North North Sabara- Sri Major Division Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Lanka

Services 2,886,326 840,503 791,899 304,769 419,918 793,434 470,224 394,443 572,207 7,473,723 Wholesale and Retail Trade 390,021 165,028 150,988 59,707 106,760 182,152 124,078 92,087 133,674 1,404,494 Transportation of Goods and Passengers including Warehousing 632,294 163,017 154,270 55,356 69,578 157,151 82,117 78,236 124,257 1,516,276 Postal and Courier Activities 1,634 664 607 331 270 492 311 317 410 5,036 Accommodation, Food and Beverage Service Activities 85,702 32,729 42,267 7,602 6,386 1,332 14,067 14,969 1,998 207,053 Programming and Broadcasting Activities and Audio Video Productions 1,120 501 481 206 309 462 248 248 373 3,948 Telecommunication 14,536 7,842 6,583 6,425 5,482 8,092 6,254 5,729 6,411 67,355 IT Programming Consultancy and Related Activities 12,705 1,339 1,186 495 519 1,152 359 548 877 19,180 Financial Service Activities and Auxiliary Financial Services 370,056 31,868 30,024 15,428 12,422 28,042 13,870 11,333 18,124 531,166 Insurance, Reinsurance and Pension Funding 93,901 8,143 9,853 4,292 3,738 10,227 4,529 3,637 5,524 143,844 Real Estate Activities, including Ownership of Dwelling 402,492 82,120 73,702 11,500 26,927 65,257 30,788 29,014 48,444 770,244 Professional Services 90,682 30,534 18,324 12,472 14,006 19,082 9,455 11,112 18,762 224,429 Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security 215,068 89,919 81,975 40,233 67,611 83,389 59,530 50,151 58,562 746,439 Education 73,000 34,328 30,104 17,961 19,946 30,076 19,741 17,514 23,649 266,318 Human Health Activities, Residential Care and Social Work Activities 95,328 32,033 33,405 16,863 14,802 35,028 14,564 12,511 21,601 276,134 Other Personal Service Activities 407,787 160,440 158,131 55,898 71,162 171,499 90,311 67,036 109,540 1,291,805

Gross Value Added (GVA), at Basic Prices 4,588,163 1,304,183 1,191,930 549,464 677,577 1,307,113 681,808 926,490 953,157 12,179,886

Taxes Less Subsidies on Products 466,506 132,604 121,191 55,867 68,893 132,902 69,323 94,202 96,913 1,238,401

Gross Domestic Product (GDP), at Current Market Prices 5,054,669 1,436,787 1,313,121 605,331 746,471 1,440,015 751,131 1,020,692 1,050,070 13,418,287

Percent of GDP Contribution 37.7 10.7 9.8 4.5 5.6 10.7 5.6 7.6 7.8 100.0

Per capita GDP by Current Market Prices (Rs.)(c) 831,223 527,843 502,919 540,957 445,123 574,169 556,806 756,629 517,786 625,736

(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 GDP estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (b) Provisional (c) Estimates as per the latest population figures. 41 agriculture

Table 5.1 Tea 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Area, '000 Hectares(b) 222 222 222 222 222 203 203 202 201 201

Replanted Area, Hectares 1,418 1,683 1,851 1,832 1,748 1,293 1,226 1,060 944 1,027

Fertiliser Issues (wholesale), MT ’000 188 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 103 140 74 n.a. 166

Factories, No.(c) 876 702 695 700 716 713 711 712 734 722 High Grown 205 172 169 167 166 n.a. 165 165 169 170 Medium Grown 183 117 114 108 119 n.a. 121 121 139 133 Low Grown 488 413 412 425 431 n.a. 425 426 426 419

Production, Mn. kgs. 291.0 331.4 327.5 328.4 340.0 338.0 328.8 292.6 307.1 303.8 High Grown 73.0 79.1 78.2 73.6 79.2 78.9 76.9 64.4 64.0 64.8 Medium Grown 45.0 56.1 52.6 52.6 52.6 49.2 49.7 44.5 45.7 47.0 Low Grown 173.0 196.2 196.7 202.1 208.2 210.0 202.4 183.6 197.4 192.0

Cost of Production, Rs./kg. 269.01 314.17 355.02 390.89 422.70 475.11 458.84 469.24 466.98 475.29

Colombo Auction Price, Rs./kg. 360.80 371.54 360.68 392.40 445.83 459.01 401.46 473.15 620.44 581.58 High Grown 325.39 340.68 333.82 378.91 405.66 416.97 387.21 455.37 611.59 518.18 Medium Grown 317.75 331.68 321.24 351.43 399.06 405.33 359.60 424.71 563.35 600.17 Low Grown 384.99 393.48 381.17 407.47 470.88 485.47 416.47 489.50 637.51 581.58

Quantity Sold at Colombo Auctions, Mn. kgs. 270.8 317.4 290.2 313.0 323.5 326.1 313.9 274.6 291.6 281.8 High Grown 57.5 71.1 66.1 66.2 69.4 68.8 67.4 54.7 55.7 53.3 Medium Grown 42.7 51.2 46.2 47.2 48.7 47.9 46.4 40.9 44.2 43.8 Low Grown 170.6 195.1 177.9 198.9 205.4 209.3 200.1 179.0 191.7 184.7

Exports Value, Rs. Mn. 136,194 162,793 164,869 180,429 199,446 212,588 182,054 184,778 233,338 231,750 Quantity, Mn. kgs. 289.7 328.0 323.0 319.9 319.7 327.3 307.0 288.8 289.0 282.4 F.O.B. Price, Rs./kg. 470.11 496.27 510.41 563.94 623.91 649.44 593.08 639.88 807.44 820.75

Export Volume by Different Type, Mn. kgs. (d) Bulk Tea 186.9 144.0 134.1 132.7 130.8 128.3 133.9 126.3 126.7 123.5 Packeted Tea 80.4 150.5 157.4 159.9 159.2 166.1 147.0 135.7 136.7 132.9 Tea Bags 21.0 31.8 29.6 25.8 27.7 30.7 24.0 24.8 23.5 23.4 Other 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.5 Total 289.7 328.0 323.0 319.9 319.7 327.3 307.0 288.8 289.0 282.4

Export Value by Different Type, Rs. Mn.(d) Bulk Tea 80,975 65,852 59,463 65,847 73,047 74,214 69,078 69,657 93,021 90,676 Packeted Tea 37,365 70,286 75,833 84,215 92,461 100,866 82,230 81,260 104,590 102,802 Tea Bags 16,728 25,225 27,895 28,994 31,934 35,082 28,567 31,416 33,073 34,999 Other 1,125 1,431 1,678 1,373 2,003 2,426 2,179 2,445 2,655 3,274 Total 136,194 162,793 164,869 180,429 199,446 212,588 182,054 184,778 233,338 231,750

Value added, % of GDP (Growing) 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

Domestic Consumption, Mn. kgs.(e) 27.3 27.6 27.9 27.6 27.8 28.0 28.3 28.8 28.9 29.2

(a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Tea Board (b) Extents was revised based on the census conducted by the DCS in 2005, in collaboration with Tea Small The Colombo Tea Brokers’ Association Holdings Development Authority. Sri Lanka Customs (c) Registered in the Tea Commissioners’ Division. Central Bank of Sri Lanka (d) Classification of value added tea is on the basis of Sri Lanka Tea Board classification applied in 2011 and adjusted backwards. The same approach is applied to the bulk tea classification. Bags: less than 4g, Packets : 4g–10kg, Bulk: more than 10kg. (e) Estimated Domestic Consumption calculated based on the Household Income and Expenditure Surveys conducted by Department of Census and Statistics. n.a. – Not available 42 agriculture

Table 5.2 Rubber 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Area, Hectares ’000 Under Cultivation 124 126 129 131 134 134 137 133 137 136 Under Tapping 95 98 101 104 105 111 108 99 103 107

Area Replanted, Hectares(b) 1,002 5,941 3,050 2,161 2,024 2,096 1,917 1,467 1,338 870

Area Newly Planted, Hectares(b) 715 1,413 3,004 2,476 2,979 1,428 769 615 677 980

Subsidies for Replanting, Rs. ’000 per ha. 125.0 125.0 175.0 175.0 175.0 175.0 175.0 175.0 175.0 175.0

Fertilizer Issues (wholesale), MT 8,277 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4,465 5,835 5,483 n.a. 8,582

Average Yield per Hectare, kgs. 1,437 1,561 1,566 1,459 1,247 889 819 800 809 774

Cost of Production, Rs. / kg. 115.50 119.83 129.56 136.00 150.00 160.00 170.00 180.00 195.00 205.00

Total Production, Mn. kgs. 136.9 152.9 158.2 152.0 130.4 98.6 88.6 79.1 83.1 82.6 Smoked Sheet 54.6 59.3 60.7 59.2 62.8 48.5 44.4 39.8 41.5 41.3 Sole Crepe 5.4 6.7 3.4 1.9 2.4 2.4 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.4 Scrap Crepe 3.5 1.8 1.3 1.3 2.4 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 2.6 Latex Crepe 31.7 52.5 59.9 36.5 15.4 11.8 8.3 12.6 9.2 10.5 Latex and Unspecified 29.9 24.3 24.9 44.4 37.9 27.2 25.5 20.5 28.9 26.0 Technically Specified Rubber 11.8 8.3 8.0 8.7 9.6 7.6 7.6 3.8 1.2 0.8

Local Consumption, Mn. kgs. 84.9 107.2 111.7 110.0 107.3 85.6 73.2 51.0 54.8 58.6

Stocks, Mn. kgs. 7.4 1.7 5.5 10.2 9.8 5.0 10.0 4.0 3.5 2.8

Exports Value, Rs. Mn. 11,327 19,580 22,811 15,726 9,194 5,916 3,548 4,758 5,920 5,088 Volume, Mn. kgs. 56.0 51.9 42.6 37.4 23.6 16.3 10.4 16.2 17.2 14.0 F.O.B. Price, Rs. / kg. 202.30 377.54 535.40 420.74 389.81 362.83 342.03 294.33 343.56 363.93

Export Distribution (Mn. kgs.) European Union 5.0 6.6 5.8 4.9 4.1 4.2 3.0 4.1 4.0 3.5 India 14.1 10.0 3.9 7.1 2.6 2.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.6 Japan 1.5 1.8 2.3 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 Malaysia 10.9 13.7 12.6 11.6 5.0 1.1 0.4 2.6 1.6 0.5 Pakistan 9.5 7.8 7.6 5.4 4.7 2.4 1.4 3.0 3.3 3.1 USA 2.7 2.9 3.3 1.7 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.7 Other Countries 12.3 9.0 7.1 5.2 4.6 4.2 3.1 3.3 5.1 4.1

(a) Provisional Sources : Rubber Development Department (b) Extents covered by cultivation assistance schemes of the Rubber Development Department. The Colombo Rubber Traders’ Association n.a. – Not available Sri Lanka Customs … Negligible Central Bank of Sri Lanka 43 agriculture

Table 5.3 Coconut 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Coconut Production, Mn. Nuts 2,762 2,584 2,808 2,940 2,513 2,870 3,056 3,011 2,450 2,623

Manufacture of Major Coconut Products, MT ’000 Copra 8.6 1.0 2.2 0.7 0.1 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.5 0.6 Coconut Oil 75.5 65.1 56.0 81.9 45.2 45.3 52.8 48.8 12.8 10.9 Desiccated Coconut 38.1 28.8 47.7 41.6 29.2 50.4 41.8 51.1 29.6 24.6 Poonac 37.8 11.5 26.5 40.9 22.6 22.6 26.4 24.4 6.4 5.5

Cost of Production, Rs. per Nut 9.53 11.27 10.27 11.63 13.58 13.67 16.39 16.70 16.69 18.84

Fertiliser Issues (wholesale), MT 16,853 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 24,276 28,483 25,498 n.a. 53,076

(b) Export Volume Three Major Coconut Products, Mn. Nuts 367 251 386 351 379 716 552 765 466 355 Copra, MT ’000 4.8 0.7 2.1 0.6 0.1 4.2 0.5 1.2 0.5 0.6 Coconut Oil, MT ’000 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.5 3.8 11.3 22.0 22.7 20.1 16.6 Desiccated Coconut, MT ’000 42.4 29.8 45.9 41.8 44.3 76.4 46.0 72.0 37.0 26.6 Coconut Non-Kernel Products, MT ’000 370.2 345.4 346.8 352.0 328.3 365.9 339.0 384.4 407.3 369.0 Fresh Coconuts, MT ’000 48.0 30.6 12.1 14.6 0.8 2.7 4.2 5.3 6.8 7.7 Fibres, MT ’000 260.0 265.7 285.7 266.0 265.4 274.7 264.0 306.8 333.1 309.0 Yarn, MT ’000 33.7 25.4 25.4 44.9 41.4 64.7 47.3 44.3 40.1 27.8 Coconut Shells and Ekels, MT ’000 28.6 23.7 23.6 26.5 20.6 23.8 23.5 28.0 27.3 24.5

Export Value, Rs. Mn. Three Major Coconut Products 6,683 6,189 15,101 10,101 11,118 27,970 30,123 31,477 28,921 24,263 Copra 427 73 272 85 14 899 102 251 171 242 Coconut Oil 508 588 854 1,277 2,214 7,629 16,409 13,690 14,406 12,548 Desiccated Coconut 5,749 5,527 13,975 8,738 8,891 19,441 13,612 17,537 14,344 11,473 Coconut Non-Kernel Products 11,951 12,540 14,292 16,493 15,370 18,547 17,623 21,805 24,116 26,202 Fresh Coconuts 1,870 1,350 707 1,000 52 158 308 447 486 534 Fibres 7562 9,253 11,355 11,984 12,397 13,614 13,561 17,463 19,993 22,261 Yarn 1,279 1,111 1,365 2,356 2,008 3,649 2,527 2,202 1,935 1,738 Coconut Shells and Ekels 1,240 826 864 1,152 914 1,126 1,227 1,693 1,702 1,668

F.O.B. Price, Rs. per kg. Copra 88.98 105.20 126.79 137.12 191.32 212.99 212.65 211.93 342.28 383.98 Coconut Oil 262.25 345.97 442.26 511.04 579.38 677.92 744.80 603.63 715.78 755.32 Desiccated Coconut 135.43 185.18 304.61 209.17 200.89 254.45 296.14 243.48 387.35 430.84 Fresh Coconut 38.97 44.07 58.40 68.34 66.27 59.45 72.60 84.64 71.61 69.69 Fibres 29.09 34.82 39.75 45.06 46.70 49.56 51.36 56.92 60.02 72.05 Yarn 37.98 43.73 53.78 52.49 48.49 56.43 53.47 49.72 48.27 62.56 Coconut Shells and Ekels 43.38 34.86 36.64 43.50 44.30 47.20 52.18 60.41 62.27 67.94

Local Market Price, Rs. per kg. Copra No. 1 88.22 123.71 145.07 114.29 145.30 155.26 150.07 148.24 219.07 203.85 Coconut Oil 166.98 217.52 262.08 212.42 252.32 266.85 265.52 264.89 376.60 364.59 Desiccated Coconut 122.73 172.19 275.59 173.19 239.05 297.05 290.65 265.27 440.55 378.22

Price of a Fresh Nut (Retail–Average), Rs. 23.02 30.48 36.41 34.56 43.16 45.58 53.01 45.82 67.40 69.71

Value Added, % of GDP(b) 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6

Domestic Consumption(c), Mn. Nuts 1,816 1,836 1,855 1,873 1,826 1,830 1,874 1,787 1,656 1,794

(a) Provisional Sources : Coconut Development Authority (b) In growing and processing only. Department of Census and Statistics (c) Estimated household consumption. National Fertilizer Secretariat n.a. – Not available Sri Lanka Customs Central Bank of Sri Lanka 44 agriculture

Table 5.4 Minor Export Crops 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Cultivated Area, Hectares Cocoa 2,253 2,279 2,300 2,336 2,365 2,375 2,517 2,240 1,797 1,805 Cinnamon 29,486 30,106 30,523 31,049 31,551 31,867 32,342 32,682 32,964 33,589 Cardamom 2,794 2,795 2,795 2,798 2,800 2,801 2,801 1,242 1,722 1,722 Clove 7,613 7,603 7,605 7,612 7,622 7,627 7,643 6,842 7,944 7,956 Pepper 30,528 30,931 31,296 31,667 31,997 32,291 32,527 39,515 39,284 40,244

Production, MT Cocoa 467 520 525 513 515 500 457 650 471 654 Cinnamon 15,765 16,435 18,250 17,165 17,500 17,600 17,707 18,945 22,341 23,019 Cardamom 61 48 57 80 50 87 91 120 113 71 Clove 3,032 9,551 5,533 4,009 6,190 3,225 5,253 1,823 6,413 1,284 Pepper 15,767 17,332 10,800 18,604 28,000 18,660 28,177 18,476 29,546 20,135

Exports – Quantity, MT Cocoa 292 1,644 4,343 2,524 102 334 93 43 164 296 Cardamoms 9 12 12 10 4 8 120 779 839 108 Pepper 6,580 12,971 5,065 10,532 21,703 8,353 17,027 8,383 13,778 13,601 Cloves 2,917 8,535 5,208 2,918 5,483 1,233 5,529 1,849 7,815 3,290 Cinnamon 12,234 13,682 13,747 14,762 14,148 13,949 13,828 14,946 16,967 17,860 Coffee 60 26 10 10 19 57 24 14 14 24 Cashew Nuts 195 337 311 146 51 129 113 63 60 72 Nutmeg and Mace 1,640 2,314 1,911 1,620 2,306 2,065 2,258 2,387 2,491 2,350 Unmanufactured Tobacco 686 695 708 861 1,142 1,162 880 897 918 817

Exports – Value, Rs. Mn. Cocoa 18 634 2,350 1,648 34 140 33 17 77 114 Cardamoms 28 38 65 32 21 40 147 843 871 156 Pepper 2,398 5,121 3,543 9,192 16,693 9,447 20,215 11,147 13,462 12,620 Cloves 1,391 4,357 3,957 2,373 6,400 1,834 6,444 2,013 7,247 2,710 Cinnamon 8,794 11,057 14,244 17,397 17,992 18,255 19,099 24,973 33,342 37,315 Coffee 15 15 9 8 15 30 24 21 29 47 Cashew Nuts 127 253 288 170 77 186 189 112 144 135 Nutmeg and Mace 1,022 2,044 3,112 2,875 4,051 3,886 4,534 5,815 5,366 4,681 Unmanufactured Tobacco 3,856 3,643 4,241 5,374 6,149 5,397 4,310 4,536 5,566 5,792

Export Price (F.O.B), Rs. per kg. Cocoa 63.11 385.58 541.22 652.70 332.18 419.92 356.94 396.28 469.56 385.58 Cardamoms 3,025.52 3,101.32 5,681.13 3,080.31 5,252.77 4,797.83 1,223.33 1,081.94 1,037.36 1,443.23 Pepper 364.44 394.76 699.38 872.79 769.16 1,130.87 1,187.25 1,329.69 977.04 927.86 Cloves 476.78 510.47 759.76 813.20 1,167.40 1,487.21 1,165.66 1,088.55 927.28 823.83 Cinnamon 718.80 808.12 1,036.18 1,178.48 1,271.68 1,308.67 1,381.18 1,670.83 1,965.15 2,089.31 Coffee 254.75 573.76 836.98 836.57 801.38 522.84 1,018.36 1,498.13 2,121.21 1,974.22 Cashew Nuts 651.06 751.30 928.03 1,168.34 1,516.27 1,435.54 1,674.38 1,774.79 2,426.40 1,878.68 Nutmeg and Mace 623.47 883.12 1,628.56 1,774.48 1,756.77 1,882.03 2,007.70 2,436.11 2,154.44 1,992.04 Unmanufactured Tobacco 5,616.78 5,239.98 5,991.11 6,245.45 5,383.06 4,643.14 4,898.24 5,056.05 6,064.61 7,086.87

(a) Provisional Sources : Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka Customs Central Bank of Sri Lanka 45 agriculture

Table 5.5 Paddy 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Area Sown, Ha. ’000 978 1,065 1,223 1,067 1,227 964 1,254 1,114 792 1,041 Maha 632 646 730 702 780 651 773 756 543 667 Yala 345 419 493 365 448 313 481 358 249 374

Irrigated Area, Ha. ’000 730 809 940 824 958 717 984 904 590 798 Major 490 562 634 582 636 493 657 609 437 565 Minor 240 247 306 242 322 224 327 295 153 233

Rain–fed Area, Ha. ’000 248 257 278 242 269 248 269 237 202 243

Gross Area Harvested, Ha. ’000 943 1,060 1,103 990 1,188 881 1,211 1,123 619 983 Maha 605 643 613 685 742 580 735 743 383 620 Yala 338 416 489 305 447 301 476 380 236 363

Production, MT ’000 3,652 4,301 3,894 3,846 4,621 3,381 4,819 4,420 2,383 3,930 Maha 2,384 2,630 1,996 2,717 2,846 2,236 2,877 2,903 1,474 2,397 Yala 1,268 1,671 1,898 1,129 1,774 1,145 1,942 1,517 909 1,533

Yield per Hectare, kgs. 4,337 4,527 3,970 4,353 4,329 4,264 4,429 4,372 4,297 4,443 Maha 4,421 4,583 3,668 4,444 4,281 4,222 4,364 4,349 4,301 4,302 Yala 4,186 4,444 4,347 4,145 4,408 4,204 4,527 4,417 4,291 4,683

Fertilizer Issues, MT ’000 423 490 453 412 363 272 341 202 n.a. 111

Credit Granted for Paddy Cultivation, Rs. Mn. 1,918 2,541 4,418 5,527 5,427 4,762 5,582 6,384 5,562 6,879 Maha 1,158 1,402 2,443 3,752 3,527 3,174 3,261 3,701 3,391 3,986 Yala 760 1,139 1,975 1,775 1,900 1,588 2,321 2,683 2,170 2,893

Prices, Rs. per Bushel Guaranteed Price 605 605 605 605 699 699 939 793 814 824 Open Market Price 676 598 635 618 637 843 787 772 1,044 952

Insurance Area Insured, Ha. ’000 29.6 26.6 36.2 49.4 30.9 25.7 30.2 46.3 30.2 1,034.1 Collected, Rs. Mn. 30.2 43.8 66.4 100.8 77.8 61.8 81.8 74.3 13.4 49.1 Total Indemnities Paid, Rs. Mn. 15.4 15.3 184.6 78.3 136.2 55.2 154.7 67.7 8.8 5.1

Rice Imports, MT ’000 52 126 28 36 23 600 286 30 748 249 Import Price (C.I.F), Rs. per MT 50,202 53,598 73,003 85,229 100,028 61,322 62,870 63,398 61,355 67,010

Value Added, Rs. Mn. 41,179 48,377 44,325 43,596 52,084 43,386 76,256 52,388 48,647 65,144 Percent of GDP 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.7

(a) Provisional Sources : Department of Census and Statistics Paddy Marketing Board National Fertilizer Secretariat Sri Lanka Customs Central Bank of Sri Lanka 46 agriculture

Table 5.6 Subsidiary Food Crops 2009 – 2018

Crop 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Area, Hectares Big Onions 5,081 4,158 3,452 5,387 4,223 6,827 5,618 3,984 3,026 1,448 Black Gram 7,868 9,808 8,668 10,842 11,138 11,226 12,305 11,159 8,089 12,976 Chillies 13,554 13,262 13,314 14,728 14,437 13,978 13,029 15,267 10,937 13,553 Cowpea 11,439 10,870 9,268 11,042 10,816 11,480 9,200 8,220 6,807 9,499 Gingelly 10,881 18,397 14,362 15,557 17,146 14,524 17,841 14,044 9,065 11,873 Green Gram 8,569 10,283 9,335 9,755 11,147 11,840 11,346 11,302 7,371 8,615 Ground Nuts 9,002 9,481 9,289 11,609 15,198 14,326 17,716 19,975 12,639 15,752 Kurakkan 5,902 6,565 5,250 5,195 5,953 7,416 6,950 6,151 4,205 6,770 Maize 50,857 57,618 50,545 59,529 67,722 67,219 69,971 67,630 52,544 70,895 Manioc 23,864 23,445 24,203 23,845 23,928 23,862 23,844 22,754 22,087 22,360 Meneri 28 30 30 34 49 54 57 32 41 53 Potatoes 4,139 3,844 4,479 4,648 5,138 5,365 5,496 5,754 4,457 5,174 Red Onions 4,498 5,228 6,145 6,132 4,606 4,872 4,873 4,994 4,167 4,044 Soya Beans 1,654 4,500 2,451 1,517 7,929 4,112 6,383 6,301 8,316 1,511

Production, MT Big Onions 81,707 58,930 45,682 83,561 69,635 111,137 89,323 65,223 53,603 28,047 Black Gram 7,071 9,991 5,782 10,180 9,175 9,644 11,901 11,197 7,329 11,852 Chillies 46,414 49,003 44,398 61,541 71,175 73,679 62,866 72,311 51,827 79,003 Cowpea 13,485 11,609 10,453 14,812 14,185 15,209 12,276 13,740 8,576 11,180 Gingelly 8,525 16,947 11,293 12,435 14,236 14,297 13,285 14,913 7,754 8,589 Green Gram 9,258 11,703 10,838 11,956 14,252 14,616 15,058 14,546 9,392 9,856 Ground Nuts 13,077 14,354 16,903 21,953 27,486 25,184 28,503 24,200 22,475 27,602 Kurakkan 6,433 7,307 5,411 5,984 7,011 8,851 8,916 8,565 5,574 8,060 Maize 129,769 161,694 137,797 202,315 209,042 240,731 261,115 243,960 195,744 270,041 Manioc 277,847 282,759 292,741 291,354 302,782 310,249 324,097 324,080 306,347 323,108 Meneri 20 17 18 26 33 29 43 25 34 57 Potatoes 61,705 51,933 59,360 72,186 78,751 82,750 97,391 95,805 73,358 88,897 Red Onions 46,234 61,811 72,339 73,970 55,592 63,212 61,202 63,675 57,747 61,073 Soya Beans 3,788 7,521 3,847 1,671 13,445 10,812 11,254 7,946 14,363 2,500

(a) Provisional Source : Department of Census and Statistics

Subsidiary Food Crops

120 300

80 200 MT ’000 MT ’000

40 100

0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Big Onions Black gram Chillies Cowpea Gingelly Green gram Ground nuts Kurakkan Potatoes Red Onions Soya beans Maize (right) 47 agriculture

Table 5.7 Principal Crops by Province 2014 – 2018

North North Sabara- All Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Island

Tea Estimated Production, Mn. kg. 2014 18.9 109.2 96.8 – – – – 29.0 84.1 338.0 2015 19.2 107.6 89.9 – – – – 29.1 83.0 328.8 2016 19.1 95.4 77.2 – – – – 24.5 76.3 292.6 2017 21.2 92.8(a) 84.7 – – – – 28.1 80.3 307.1(a) 2018(b) 22.2 97.0 79.4 – – – – 26.3 79.0 303.9 No. of Tea Factories (in operation) 2014 34 238 235 – – – – 67 140 714 2015 32 237 240 – – – – 64 141 714 2016 36 239 231 – – – – 68 138 712 2017 37 245 232 – – – – 70 140 724 2018(b) 38 270 228 – – – – 71 140 747

Rubber Estimated Production Mn. kg. 2014 32.4 2.6 8.7 – – 2.3 – 1.9 50.7 98.6 2015 29.1 2.3 7.8 – – 2.0 – 1.7 45.6 88.6 2016 25.8 1.8 6.8 – – 1.7 – 1.5 41.4 79.1 2017 25.9 1.8 6.9 – – 1.7 – 1.7 45.0 83.1 2018(b) 25.8 1.8 6.6 – – 1.6 – 2.3 44.4 82.6

Coconut Estimated Area (2014 Census), ’000 Ha. 72.21 18.27 32.24 10.60 7.74 244.98 14.19 12.70 30.50 443.53 Estimated Production, Mn. Nuts 2014 477 154 332 84 104 1,180 216 143 217 2,905 2015 495 161 355 82 103 1,265 226 96 247 3,027 2016 443 178 353 82 121 1,196 255 108 273 3,011 2017 326 126 312 73 98 991 234 91 200 2,450 2018(b) 375 145 346 96 166 995 269 110 235 2,737 Average Producer Price, Rs. per 100 nuts 2014 3,280.26 3,239.08 3,483.98 2,846.46 3,277.46 2,854.74 2,905.29 2,606.21 3,091.60 3,110.10 2015 3,487.84 3,752.87 3,880.64 3,309.40 3,716.82 3,161.43 3,415.72 3,485.69 3,276.01 3,467.76 2016 3,075.79 3,066.04 3,483.76 2,457.36 3,151.11 2,742.86 2,742.86 2,644.12 2,876.71 2,922.25 2017 4,707.49 5,100.03 4,679.59 4,408.72 5,141.51 4,552.15 4,532.62 4,921.87 4,696.47 4,680.11 2018(b) 5,098.76 4,357.50 4,788.89 4,979.60 5,895.45 4,706.82 4,533.81 4,083.33 4,559.49 4,815.07

Paddy Production, MT ’000 2014 106.6 164.0 429.5 124.5 935.9 496.9 721.4 289.0 113.1 3,380.8 2015 127.5 201.6 507.5 403.3 1,067.2 630.0 1,376.6 379.5 126.2 4,819.4 2016 90.1 181.6 414.7 352.7 1,112.6 627.3 1,190.9 344.4 105.8 4,420.1 2017 74.6 113.5 329.8 160.6 759.9 152.3 535.1 201.2 56.2 2,383.2 2018(b) 113.3 167.8 525.6 290.1 1,035.5 447.0 948.9 293.2 108.4 3,929.8 Net Extent Harvested, ’000 Ha. 2014 34.8 40.7 91.0 33.2 217.7 129.6 152.2 64.8 29.0 792.9 2015 36.4 47.6 99.4 93.9 254.0 170.4 268.6 86.5 31.6 1,088.4 2016 26.3 43.5 83.1 86.0 263.5 160.8 240.7 82.4 25.3 1,011.6 2017 22.5 26.4 70.5 41.4 186.1 35.9 110.0 46.2 15.7 554.6 2018(b) 33.4 38.9 99.4 72.5 247.1 106.1 191.0 69.4 26.8 884.6 Yield – Bushels per Acre 2014 59 78 91 73 83 74 92 86 76 82 2015 68 82 99 83 81 72 99 85 77 86 2016 67 81 97 80 82 76 96 81 81 82 2017 64 83 91 75 79 82 94 84 70 80 2018(b) 66 84 103 78 81 82 96 82 78 83 Yield – kg. per Hectare 2014 3,064 4,032 4,717 3,748 4,299 3,834 4,741 4,457 3,905 4,264 2015 3,501 4,238 5,108 4,295 4,201 3,697 5,125 4,388 3,995 4,428 2016 3,433 4,176 4,988 4,099 4,222 3,902 4,961 4,178 4,179 4,238 2017 3,317 4,297 4,680 3,883 4,083 4,247 4,863 4,354 3,592 4,146 2018(b) 3,398 4,309 5,285 4,003 4,191 4,213 4,969 4,227 4,038 4,293

(a) Revised Sources : Sri Lanka Tea Board Coconut Research Institute (b) Provisional Rubber Development Department Department of Census and Statistics Central Bank of Sri Lanka 48 agriculture

Table 5.8 Agricultural Crops – Yields, Farmgate Prices and Costs of Cultivation – 2017

Yield Farmgate Unit Cost Net Return Irrigation District/ kg./ha Price Rs./kg. Rs./kg. Rs./ha. Crop Type(a) Area Season (b) (c) (b) (c)

Bitter Gourd * IRR Hambantota Maha 2016/17 Brinjal IRR Anuradhapura Maha 2016/17 25,268 43.00 17.62 13.84 641,192 736,805 Cabbage IRR N'Eliya Maha 2016/17 22,036 55.00 19.29 15.54 786,902 869,622 Capsicum IRR Badulla Maha 2016/17 8,779 186.00 70.05 46.56 1,017,956 1,224,212 Chillies RF Anuradhapura Maha 2016/17 4,628 101.00 75.74 32.29 116,930 317,998 Cowpea RF Ampara Maha 2016/17 729 198.00 116.12 56.36 59,687 103,251 Cowpea * RF Kurunegala Maha 2016/17 Green Gram RF Hambantota Maha 2016/17 655 179.00 153.01 131.35 17,020 31,204 Green Gram * RF Monaragala Maha 2016/17 Ground nut * RF Kurunegala Maha 2016/17 Ground nut RF Monaragala Maha 2016/17 806 180.00 176.42 100.48 2,884 64,053 Kurakkan RF Anuradhapura Maha 2016/17 974 139.00 108.78 40.08 29,422 96,305 Maize RF Anuradhapura Maha 2016/17 3,262 42.00 36.12 22.62 19,170 63,203 Maize RF Monaragala Maha 2016/17 3,496 46.00 34.64 29.81 39,716 56,623 Pole Bean IRR Badulla Maha 2016/17 9,746 82.00 51.34 34.12 298,791 466,579 Pole Bean RF Matale Maha 2016/17 3,926 89.00 122.74 66.65 -132,495 87,738 Potato IRR Badulla Maha 2016/17 17,287 82.00 52.03 41.59 518,104 698,492 Potato * RF Badulla Maha 2016/17 Potato IRR N'Eliya Maha 2016/17 17,952 109.00 58.54 53.55 905,814 995,497 Potato * RF N'Eliya Maha 2016/17 Red Onion IRR Puttalam Maha 2016/17 9,338 82.00 51.58 44.68 284,049 348,460 Tomato IRR Badulla Maha 2016/17 23,719 51.00 27.20 14.75 564,530 859,920 Tomato * RF Kandy Maha 2016/17

Bitter Gourd IRR Hambantota Yala 2017 14,927 116.00 41.52 27.52 1,111,836 1,320,789 Brinjal IRR Hambantota Yala 2017 22,348 90.00 19.54 12.75 1,574,687 1,726,263 IRR Matale Yala 2017 Cabbage IRR N'Eliya Yala 2017 21,023 48.00 21.48 15.29 557,487 687,761 Capsicum * IRR Badulla Yala 2017 Capsicum * IRR Kurunegala Yala 2017 Capsicum * IRR N'Eliya Yala 2017 Carot IRR N'Eliya Yala 2017 14,819 83.00 35.02 26.69 711,003 834,410 Cawpea RF Ampara Yala 2017 709 178.00 122.46 62.56 39,390 81,864 Cawpea * IRR Kurunegala Yala 2017 Cawpea * IRR Thrincomalee Yala 2017 Pole Bean IRR Badulla Yala 2017 10,843 93.00 51.30 33.43 452,178 645,870 Potato IRR Badulla Yala 2017 14,253 85.00 60.26 50.37 352,592 493,580 Potato IRR N'Eliya Yala 2017 15,478 90.00 59.54 47.57 471,521 656,762 Red Onion IRR Puttalam Yala 2017 9,642 168.00 67.45 61.78 969,465 1,024,200 Soya Bean * IRR Anuradhapura Yala 2017 Soya Bean IRR System H Yala 2017 2,160 80.00 68.48 47.54 24,888 70,095 Tomato IRR Badulla Yala 2017 25,093 76.00 26.67 15.67 1,237,949 1,513,880 Tomato * IRR Matale Yala 2017

(a) RF = Rainfed Source : Socio Economics and Planning Centre, Department of Agriculture IRR = Irrigated (b) Including imputed cost of farmer owned labour. (c) Excluding imputed cost of farmer owned labour.

* Not Available – Cost of cultivation survey not carry out for these crops in relevant Districts. 49 agriculture

Table 5.9 Agricultural Crops – Yields, Farmgate Prices and Costs of Cultivation – 2018(a)

Irrigation District/ Yield Farmgate Unit Cost Net Return (b) Crop Type Area Season kg./ha Price Rs./kg. Rs./kg. Rs./ha. (c) (d) (c) (d)

Paddy IR Ampara -East Yala 2018 5,940 37.00 17.91 14.85 113,407 131,605 Paddy IR Ampara-West Yala 2018 3,897 38.00 27.49 15.76 40,962 86,646 Paddy IR Anuradhapura Yala 2018 5,597 40.00 24.16 15.74 88,635 135,804 Paddy IR Hambantota Yala 2018 6,311 35.00 21.32 15.19 86,305 124,988 Paddy IR Kurunegala Yala 2018 4,591 43.70 27.79 15.46 73,047 129,665 Paddy IR Polonnaruwa Yala 2018 5,236 41.00 22.84 16.08 95,111 130,456 Paddy IR Mahaweli B Yala 2018 5,184 44.55 24.57 17.30 103,564 141,257 Paddy IR Mahaweli C Yala 2018 5,014 49.75 24.39 15.21 127,147 173,174 Paddy IR Mahaweli H Yala 2018 5,258 44.40 25.75 16.88 98,079 144,734 Paddy IR Trincomalee Yala 2018 5,666 43.00 20.49 16.30 127,513 151,285 Paddy RF Gampaha Yala 2018 3,613 42.44 31.57 21.31 39,277 76,345 Paddy RF Kalutara Yala 2018 3,126 40.00 39.15 22.94 2,669 53,327 Paddy RF Kandy Yala 2018 3,000 40.00 49.29 26.05 -27,856 41,859 Paddy RF Kurunegala Yala 2018 3,672 37.26 30.36 19.26 25,329 66,085

Whole Island Paddy IR Irrigated Yala 2018 5,263 42.00 24.09 17.61 94,279 128,366 Paddy RF Rainfed Yala 2018 3,450 40.00 33.83 20.31 21,270 67,908

Maize IR Badulla Yala 2018 4,670 49.70 38.98 21.06 50,050 133,738 Maize IR System H Yala 2018 5,041 44.10 37.46 24.12 33,482 100,720 Cowpea RF Ampara Yala 2018 588 153.10 156.13 89.03 -1,780 37,680 Big Onion IR Matale Yala 2018 15,740 65.00 35.89 25.97 458,146 614,377 Green Chilli IR Anuradhapura Yala 2018 10,143 214.00 62.67 33.23 1,534,973 1,833,660 Red Onion IR Puttlam Yala 2018 12,306 86.00 53.44 49.55 400,695 448,578 Gingelly RF Anuradhapura Yala 2018 556 168.00 86.64 64.21 45,237 57,703 Soya bean IR System H Yala 2018 2,254 106.30 71.19 51.31 79,120 123,917 Manioc RF Gampaha Yala 2018 15,597 34.30 9.55 7.31 385,957 420,993 Potato IR Badulla Yala 2018 14,193 90.00 59.33 37.57 435,289 744,201 Potato IR Nuwera Eliya Yala 2018 15,337 90.80 58.49 44.27 495,496 713,658 Sweet Potato IR Matale Yala 2018 15,706 38.18 17.99 12.94 317,163 396,346 Bitter gourd IR Hambantota Yala 2018 14,814 113.20 39.92 24.84 1,085,518 1,308,958 Brinjal IR Hambantota Yala 2018 22,545 89.40 19.86 12.18 1,567,858 1,741,056 Cabbage IR Nuwera Eliya Yala 2018 24,354 54.00 20.00 13.68 828,015 981,872 Carrot IR Nuwera Eliya Yala 2018 12,879 143.50 40.45 28.62 1,327,199 1,479,580 Pole Bean IR Badulla Yala 2018 7,475 134.00 70.29 38.16 476,206 716,385 Tomato IR Badulla Yala 2018 20,860 90.30 31.67 15.93 1,223,129 1,551,466 Tomato IR Kandy Yala 2018 17,337 51.80 32.83 19.57 328,803 558,675

(a) Provisional Source : Socio Economics and Planning Centre, Department of Agriculture (b) RF = Rainfed IRR = Irrigated (c) Including imputed cost of farmer owned labour. (d) Excluding imputed cost of farmer owned labour. 50 agriculture

Table 5.10 Fish and Livestock 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Fish Production, MT 339,730 384,670 444,830 486,170 512,840 535,050 520,190 530,920 531,310 527,060 Coastal 180,410 202,420 222,350 257,540 267,980 278,850 269,020 274,160 259,720 249,020 Deep Sea and Off-shore 112,760 129,840 162,920 159,680 177,950 180,450 183,870 182,830 189,720 190,350 Inland 46,560 52,410 59,560 68,950 66,910 75,750 67,300 73,930 81,870 87,690

Import of Fish Products Quantity, MT (’000) – Dried Fish 49 49 50 41 39 36 35 37 35 35 – Other 27 34 33 31 40 43 85 78 71 49 Value, Rs. Mn. – Dried Fish 7,869 7,607 8,404 8,935 11,251 8,918 11,103 14,356 14,465 15,181 – Other 6,101 7,070 8,066 8,548 9,939 9,895 19,095 20,184 18,697 16,766

Cattle Population, ’000 1,137 1,170 1,192 1,236 1,169 1,106 1,088 945 1,001 1,111 Slaughtered, ’000 (b) 168 204 162 174 170 151 167 168 156 158 Production of Milk, Litres Mn. 184 192 203 238 265 273 305 318 328 386

Buffaloes Population, ’000 372 423 405 415 381 321 323 267 284 309 Production of Milk, Litres Mn. 49 56 55 62 64 61 69 66 69 86

Sheep and Goats Population, ’000 385 381 384 393 341 307 317 275 297 326 Sheep 8 8 8 9 10 8 8 8 10 11 Goats 377 373 375 384 331 299 309 267 287 315 Slaughtered, ’000 (b) 63 68 63 73 65 56 51 52 43 44

Pigs Population, ’000 81 84 82 89 81 108 70 81 95 98 Slaughtered, ’000 (b) 22 20 25 30 30 24 23 21 18 19

Poultry Population, ’000 13,631 14,032 14,211 14,051 16,660 16,642 16,756 21,068 21,287 20,543 Duck 15 13 12 13 13 12 12 12 11 12 Chicken 13,615 14,018 14,199 14,039 16,647 16,630 16,744 21,056 21,276 20,531 Production of Eggs, ’000 1,142,239 1,139,940 1,185,318 1,457,101 1,636,844 1,741,366 1,898,856 2,059,653 2,072,870 1,972,212

(a) Provisional Sources : Department of Census and Statistics (b) Only the number of animals slaughtered at licensed Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Development slaughter houses are included here. Sri Lanka Customs Central Bank of Sri Lanka

Fish Production

300,000 600,000

200,000 400,000 MT MT

100,000 200,000

0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Off shore Coastal Inland Total Fish Production (right) 51 agriculture

Table 5.11 National Livestock Statistics by District 2017

Goat and Cattle Buffaloes Poultry Pigs Sheep

District Number Cows Ave. Number Cows Ave. Number Ave. Number Number Number of of Milking Daily Milk of Milking Daily Milk of Monthly Egg of of Goats Cattle at Production, Buffaloes at Production, Chickens Production, Ducks Swine and Present Ltrs. Present Ltrs. '000 Sheep Colombo 7,930 2,360 8,260 4,760 1,500 4,980 841,090 8,356,340 335 13,450 2,050 Gampaha 26,110 7,470 22,950 5,460 1,210 3,520 1,813,630 5,218,530 1,040 27,170 7,940 Kalutara 13,730 3,930 9,240 10,930 3,320 8,350 1,181,420 8,323,170 310 5,230 5,610 Kandy 22,410 8,790 53,110 3,790 60 200 900,000 4,874,370 490 2,040 14,760 Matale 19,130 6,660 35,960 3,680 280 900 653,070 5,223,810 250 3,500 5,479 Nuwara Eliya 40,220 15,200 156,560 2,710 120 150 330,430 5,276,490 345 450 10,230 Galle 10,710 3,430 8,990 7,540 2,590 7,650 175,010 2,253,750 215 870 3,200 Matara 8,850 2,520 5,390 5,620 1,830 4,150 95,440 1,139,400 115 170 2,140 Hambantota 31,700 11,740 25,590 41,100 13,850 27,700 106,510 1,290,200 175 720 2,450 Jaffna 57,320 16,130 32,640 0 0 0 374,950 3,707,130 340 0 48,610 Kilinochchi 35,090 10,100 13,670 950 230 320 158,650 1,785,350 350 200 8,360 Mannar 49,160 12,270 20,180 1,530 450 1,440 110,840 1,230,750 1,150 150 10,460 Vavuniya 53,420 16,210 29,790 2,150 580 1,040 141,760 1,342,920 505 510 13,610 Mullaitivu 37,380 11,450 15,710 7,470 2,330 3,960 107,280 976,230 110 90 5,740 Batticaloa 78,000 24,550 29,460 23,170 7,860 12,970 185,600 1,293,960 670 0 25,910 Ampara 78,120 19,900 32,840 20,230 6,190 13,620 333,930 2,118,090 770 170 14,020 Trincomalee 48,570 15,460 25,090 32,600 13,140 26,080 179,200 2,307,240 1,170 460 20,690 Kurunegala 102,680 31,160 130,030 17,830 3,250 11,620 8,580,520 87,870,180 680 11,260 24,340 Puttalam 56,650 12,120 38,960 7,400 1,700 5,950 2,924,850 19,784,730 610 19,990 28,190 Anuradhapura 85,250 26,170 74,700 26,990 8,510 20,680 589,330 1,814,670 410 2,550 15,170 Polonnaruwa 44,050 12,990 43,150 17,150 5,090 11,710 389,480 2,408,280 190 2,190 8,170 Badulla 36,120 11,110 58,500 2,270 470 890 182,710 1,381,620 165 220 7,570 Moneragala 35,720 8,040 17,470 26,290 8,880 17,220 180,300 698,100 140 2,520 2,130 Ratnapura 14,550 4,110 12,470 9,750 2,960 5,180 319,270 1,013,250 100 610 5,610 Kegalle 8,010 2,380 9,310 2,180 90 250 420,550 1,050,630 145 600 5,140 Total 1,000,880 296,250 910,020 283,550 86,490 190,530 21,275,820 172,739,190 10,780 95,120 297,579

Source : Department of Census and Statistics

Table 5.12 National Livestock Statistics by District 2018(a)

Goat and Cattle Buffaloes Poultry Pigs Sheep

Colombo 7,750 2,350 7,500 4,270 1,320 5,210 762,510 8,664,480 420 12,750 1,950 Gampaha 25,270 7,590 27,770 3,780 900 3,430 1,408,230 3,571,230 1,325 24,890 6,660 Kalutara 12,970 3,630 8,450 9,410 2,590 7,070 1,360,200 8,365,320 235 5,780 4,970 Kandy 22,900 8,990 61,440 3,060 40 150 610,110 3,316,890 600 2,440 13,970 Matale 21,010 7,330 48,220 3,200 190 590 763,980 4,588,560 290 6,390 4,948 Nuwara Eliya 33,000 14,710 121,710 1,510 0 0 343,500 5,942,400 330 330 11,000 Galle 11,890 3,660 10,320 7,850 2,530 8,690 184,560 2,033,970 550 750 3,050 Matara 8,500 2,470 5,800 5,350 1,710 4,060 70,390 870,480 60 200 1,710 Hambantota 33,310 12,310 25,610 40,900 14,720 27,130 98,830 909,480 170 460 1,580 Jaffna 58,420 17,930 45,570 0 0 0 359,580 2,940,660 350 20 49,450 Kilinochchi 59,300 14,250 31,660 1,190 270 700 194,370 1,630,620 335 260 14,510 Mannar 62,290 15,840 25,940 2,330 560 1,500 101,620 1,040,580 1,090 110 12,210 Vavuniya 58,770 18,680 33,410 2,970 790 1,960 105,110 1,007,100 360 520 11,570 Mullaitivu 45,290 14,090 30,430 9,650 2,870 8,870 145,020 1,403,430 170 250 10,670 Batticaloa 95,120 29,200 49,280 37,820 11,330 18,720 217,350 1,901,340 665 750 27,930 Ampara 68,480 18,310 37,000 20,120 6,770 22,040 335,360 2,401,560 1,520 110 16,560 Trincomalee 52,840 17,560 25,860 34,560 13,670 20,700 158,620 2,301,090 1,170 250 21,110 Kurunegala 127,960 35,660 166,550 20,330 3,690 16,000 9,038,290 88,261,050 595 10,670 31,670 Puttalam 59,060 13,690 44,710 6,590 1,490 4,590 2,237,070 15,594,300 680 22,130 28,930 Anuradhapura 99,720 30,350 108,070 31,640 9,630 33,110 570,940 1,738,620 590 3,290 23,110 Polonnaruwa 44,920 13,980 50,810 22,290 7,090 20,650 320,270 1,938,150 260 2,430 9,064 Badulla 42,950 12,350 64,840 4,090 1,230 1,480 186,740 1,330,830 150 200 6,870 Moneragala 37,380 8,280 19,920 25,120 8,280 23,590 148,090 745,290 255 1,670 2,070 Ratnapura 13,650 3,700 11,410 8,790 2,480 8,240 386,460 760,950 100 680 5,260 Kegalle 7,990 2,470 9,050 1,970 50 170 423,800 1,092,600 195 660 5,360 Total 1,110,740 329,380 1,071,330 308,790 94,200 238,650 20,531,000 164,350,980 12,465 97,990 326,182

(a) Provisional Source : Department of Census and Statistics 52 agriculture

Table 5.13 Livestock and Poultry – Average Producer Prices 2017

Livestock Livestock – Full Grown

Neat Cattle Province District Cow Buffalo Eggs Milk Milk each Buffaloes Goats Pigs Poultry 1 Ltr. 1 Ltr. (average) High Bred Other

Colombo 70.29 74.79 11.95 90,000.00 100,000.00 40,000.00 n.a. 21,815.63 312.63 Western Gampaha 61.56 66.87 11.52 54,601.61 60,723.69 42,939.05 19,376.71 23,075.79 403.38 Kalutara 67.07 84.85 11.86 79,014.13 82,583.58 31,951.34 23,758.62 21,768.93 392.64 Kandy 65.93 n.a. 12.90 59,677.08 65,896.55 31,891.67 13,681.44 n.a. 380.57 Central Matale 63.07 73.96 13.10 43,168.05 70,962.49 36,263.87 21,961.78 19,027.69 365.92 Nuwara Eliya 65.94 n.a. 12.19 n.a. n.a. 45,479.17 25,818.05 n.a. 379.19 Galle 67.16 82.94 12.36 66,880.32 50,968.96 40,046.47 21,916.67 n.a. 714.56 Southern Matara 69.17 70.59 12.72 43,518.52 45,000.00 25,075.66 9,000.00 n.a. 512.78 Hambantota 69.74 80.50 12.21 32,105.41 40,000.00 22,470.56 17,833.33 n.a. 422.05 Jaffna 69.26 69.50 13.30 n.a. 79,127.08 15,986.03 17,057.56 n.a. 609.77 Kilinochchi 65.33 n.a. 14.58 150,000.00 89,027.79 34,645.83 30,097.25 n.a. 703.25 Northern Mannar 66.00 80.00 14.70 38,250.00 78,472.22 37,791.67 11,243.75 n.a. 464.58 Vavuniya 61.83 68.93 12.19 53,749.83 n.a. 35,749.98 18,516.63 n.a. 719.71 Mullaitivu 69.61 79.83 14.57 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Batticaloa 73.91 84.51 14.53 n.a. 59,044.42 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Eastern Trincomalee 70.76 75.52 13.50 49,380.71 51,966.67 40,083.31 13,520.79 10,937.50 803.54 Ampara 74.17 90.22 13.39 77,263.25 59,953.58 34,833.33 19,879.34 n.a. 590.83 North Kurunegala 66.42 75.61 12.21 50,466.26 77,261.72 39,264.25 16,868.70 25,888.96 350.37 Western Puttalam 69.50 78.01 11.82 64,083.33 73,656.25 34,361.99 13,775.58 16,098.86 392.22 North Anuradhapura 65.89 69.48 13.37 44,521.69 55,638.29 29,376.96 12,452.35 16,097.95 457.76 Central Polonnaruwa 72.29 77.81 12.03 64,451.39 76,752.67 46,393.80 17,199.97 32,102.08 349.91 Uva Badulla 59.90 65.00 13.27 n.a. 39,502.19 28,491.12 14,068.40 n.a. 419.40 Moneragala 67.75 80.02 13.03 n.a. n.a. 37,500.00 21,687.50 n.a. 343.80 Sabara- Ratnapura 65.05 79.18 13.04 29,500.00 45,000.00 27,500.00 14,625.00 n.a. 362.50 gamuwa Kegalle 61.30 n.a. 12.99 n.a. 62,500.00 n.a. 13,902.08 10,167.00 404.30 Average Price 67.29 77.48 12.77 56,901.29 66,151.31 34,579.34 17,833.78 20,338.47 487.82

n.a. – Not available Source : Department of Census and Statistics

Table 5.14 Livestock and Poultry – Average Producer Prices 2018(a)

Livestock Livestock – Full Grown

Neat Cattle Province District Cow Buffalo Eggs Milk Milk each Buffaloes Goats Pigs Poultry 1 Ltr. 1 Ltr. (average) High Bred Other

Colombo 73.62 77.55 14.13 94,833.33 85,000.00 52,333.33 n.a. 25,169.12 406.67 Western Gampaha 64.35 74.93 13.00 57,441.79 83,333.33 50,580.55 22,882.14 25,213.24 424.32 Kalutara 68.38 80.32 14.07 111,428.57 94,000.00 54,166.67 28,333.33 34,166.67 343.75 Kandy 67.73 n.a. 14.17 49,196.97 84,705.88 29,855.26 16,318.97 12,000.00 410.86 Central Matale 65.29 68.00 14.15 44,928.57 84,475.00 41,829.79 22,875.00 19,151.47 377.90 Nuwara Eliya 65.50 n.a. 14.19 n.a. n.a. 52,340.00 28,430.00 34,333.33 393.38 Galle 72.47 85.80 14.09 69,883.12 n.a. 45,424.53 21,181.82 22,333.33 710.62 Southern Matara 72.16 91.34 14.09 43,203.70 n.a. 26,793.33 n.a. n.a. 521.16 Hambantota 68.05 80.67 14.01 35,884.62 n.a. 24,394.74 26,000.00 20,000.00 412.05 Jaffna 69.87 70.00 14.51 n.a. 93,571.43 45,243.24 23,439.13 n.a. 735.73 Kilinochchi 69.91 n.a. 15.45 n.a. 107,333.33 47,906.25 27,171.43 n.a. 722.20 Northern Mannar 68.66 80.14 15.56 75,416.67 122,222.22 49,826.09 17,095.24 n.a. 710.57 Vavuniya 64.80 71.16 13.86 78,947.37 81,000.00 35,426.19 19,569.23 16,658.33 840.00 Mullaitivu 69.65 78.68 14.10 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Batticaloa 78.50 87.94 15.71 67,290.32 91,000.00 41,369.79 15,599.06 n.a. 872.42 Eastern Trincomalee 70.02 75.76 15.17 59,958.33 90,000.00 52,744.95 14,472.63 10,842.86 816.96 Ampara 73.70 89.15 14.32 81,670.45 80,000.00 64,720.24 20,219.28 n.a. 605.16 North Kurunegala 67.22 77.44 13.58 56,086.00 99,729.51 46,290.75 19,118.62 24,756.48 365.50 Western Puttalam 68.59 75.35 13.73 67,227.27 93,461.54 39,029.13 15,335.05 16,729.71 441.95 North Anuradhapura 67.29 71.45 14.43 48,296.30 86,862.07 36,916.30 14,329.14 17,311.11 413.72 Central Polonnaruwa 70.09 77.31 14.53 61,069.44 91,655.17 53,724.14 19,794.12 37,700.00 357.12 Uva Badulla 61.27 n.a. 14.62 n.a. n.a. 27,497.37 15,592.77 n.a. 471.51 Moneragala 67.99 81.30 14.13 n.a. n.a. 41,846.15 23,475.00 n.a. 465.00 Sabara- Ratnapura 67.21 79.49 13.93 39,333.33 38,000.00 22,033.33 13,200.00 n.a. 385.84 gamuwa Kegalle 63.74 n.a. 14.55 n.a. n.a. n.a. 14,415.00 n.a. 441.76 Average Price 68.64 78.69 14.32 63,449.79 88,608.79 42,708.35 19,947.59 22,597.55 526.92

(a) Provisional n.a. – Not available Source : Department of Census and Statistics 53 agriculture

Table 5.15 Fish Production 2014 – 2018 Metric Tons

North North Sabara- Year Category Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Total Western Central gamuwa

2014 Marine Fish 85,320 – 152,790 72,730 75,720 72,740 – – – 459,300 Inland Fish 1,244 2,029 7,090 3,583 12,199 10,719 23,883 11,009 3,994 75,750 Total 86,564 2,029 159,880 76,313 87,919 83,459 23,883 11,009 3,994 535,050

2015 Marine Fish 75,380 – 156,530 72,560 70,800 77,620 – – – 452,890 Inland Fish 1,315 1,699 4,926 3,736 11,764 13,240 19,100 8,643 2,877 67,300 Total 76,695 1,699 161,456 76,296 82,564 90,860 19,100 8,643 2,877 520,190

2016 Marine Fish 83,550 – 149,950 75,470 72,460 75,560 – – – 456,990 Inland Fish 1,850 2,150 5,545 6,405 17,950 16,385 16,515 4,665 2,465 73,930 Total 85,400 2,150 155,495 81,875 90,410 91,945 16,515 4,665 2,465 530,920

2017 Marine Fish 78,095 – 144,600 83,155 77,790 65,800 – – – 449,440 Inland Fish 1,670 2,970 10,640 7,170 19,520 9,600 24,070 3,990 2,240 81,870 Total 79,765 2,970 155,240 90,325 97,310 75,400 24,070 3,990 2,240 531,310

2018(a) Marine Fish 76,770 – 148,040 78,620 70,600 65,340 – – – 439,370 Inland Fish 3,160 2,470 9,750 3,490 23,300 12,530 24,540 6,710 1,740 87,690 Total 79,930 2,470 157,790 82,110 93,900 77,870 24,540 6,710 1,740 527,060

(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

Table 5.16 Operating Fishing Craft by Province and Type 2014 – 2018 Numbers North North Sabara- Type / Year Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Total Western Central gamuwa

In board Engine – Multi Day 2014 1,211 – 2,154 266 574 242 – – – 4,447 2015 1,088 – 2,229 62 626 213 – – – 4,218 2016 819 – 2,210 101 647 219 – – – 3,996 2017(a) 1,166 – 2,098 126 617 189 – – – 4,196 2018(b) 1,333 – 2,074 150 647 177 – – – 4,381 In board Engine – Single Day 2014 155 – 200 176 345 – – – – 802 2015 120 – 168 151 277 3 – – – 719 2016 75 – 148 309 254 – – – – 786 2017(a) 53 – 128 559 128 – – – – 868 2018(b) 59 – 112 635 149 – – – – 918 Out board Engine – Fibre Glass 2014 3,034 – 2,654 9,844 3,411 5,039 – – – 23,982 2015 4,142 – 2,695 6,831 4,608 5,752 – – – 24,028 2016 3,985 – 2,472 7,291 4,866 5,688 – – – 24,282 2017(a) 2,328 – 2,058 8,159 4,752 5,097 – – – 22,394 2018(b) 2,476 – 2,071 9,192 6,166 4,227 – – – 24,132 Traditional Mechanized 2014 299 – 585 1,062 512 262 – – – 2,720 2015 12 – 696 769 233 162 – – – 1,872 2016 6 – 632 797 232 172 – – – 1,839 2017(a) 7 – 600 1,155 207 216 – – – 2,185 2018(b) 15 – 598 1,185 219 189 – – – 2,206 Traditional Non-Mechanized 2014 2,755 505 3,257 7,723 8,529 4,629 2,151 805 145 30,499 2015 2,453 505 3,713 4,773 9,358 4,253 2,226 853 145 28,279 2016 2,167 578 2,994 5,814 10,330 4,255 2,334 784 171 29,427 2017(a) 1,817 – 1,701 3,730 7,032 2,967 – – – 17,247 2018(b) 2,125 – 1,742 4,522 7,342 3,023 – – – 18,754 Total Craft 2014 7,454 505 8,850 19,071 13,371 10,172 2,151 805 145 62,524 2015 7,815 505 9,501 12,586 15,102 10,383 2,226 853 145 59,116 2016 7,052 578 8,456 14,312 16,329 10,314 2,334 784 171 60,330 2017(a) 5,371 – 6,585 13,729 12,736 8,469 – – – 46,890 2018(b) 6,008 – 6,597 15,684 14,523 7,616 – – – 50,391

Note : Fresh Water Crafts included to Crefts list in 2013 Source : Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (a) Revised (b) Provisional 54 agriculture

Table 5.17 Cultivation Loans – Refinance Credit Schemes(a) (Position as at End of December)

Loans Granted (Rs.Mn.) Recoveries (Rs.Mn.) Per cent of Recoveries Cultivation Year Other All Other All Other All Paddy Paddy Paddy Crops Crops Crops Crops Crops Crops

1989 / 90 372 181 553 328 156 484 88.2 86.4 87.6 1990 / 91 588 234 822 503 190 694 86.0 81.0 84.0 1991 / 92 595 235 830 465 161 626 78.2 68.5 75.4 1992 / 93 569 255 824 461 188 649 81.0 73.7 78.8 1993 / 94 624 293 917 418 189 607 67.0 64.5 66.2 1994 / 95 723 257 980 597 176 773 82.6 68.5 78.9 1995 / 96 476 192 668 318 153 471 66.8 79.7 70.5 1996 / 97 412 178 590 325 151 476 78.9 84.8 80.7 1997 / 98 327 152 479 244 67 311 74.6 44.1 64.9 1998 / 99 312 151 463 235 71 306 75.3 47.0 66.1 1999 / 2000 557 204 761 492 181 673 88.3 88.7 88.4 2000 / 01 517 244 761 484 201 685 93.6 82.4 92.4 2001 / 02 591 233 824 570 215 785 96.4 92.3 95.3 2002 / 03 893 270 1,163 832 232 1,064 93.2 85.9 91.5 2003 / 04 982 475 1,457 853 424 1,277 86.9 89.3 87.6 2004 Yala 308 253 561 281 220 501 91.2 87.0 89.3 2004 / 2005 Maha 691 325 1,016 592 285 877 85.7 87.7 86.3 2005 Yala 467 303 770 421 265 686 90.2 87.5 89.1 2005 / 2006 Maha 552 387 939 503 347 850 91.1 89.7 90.5 2006 Yala 432 358 790 397 314 711 91.9 87.7 90.0 2006 / 2007 Maha 559 520 1,079 525 460 985 93.9 88.5 91.3 2007 Yala 598 472 1,070 543 421 964 90.8 89.2 90.1 2007 / 2008 Maha 807 977 1,784 782 886 1,668 96.9 90.7 93.5 2008 Yala 837 638 1,475 812 533 1,345 97.0 83.5 91.2 2008 / 2009 Maha 1,158 970 2,128 1,096 787 1,883 94.7 81.1 88.5 2009 Yala 760 599 1,359 710 549 1,259 93.4 91.7 92.6 2009 / 2010 Maha 1,402 857 2,259 1,280 734 2,014 91.3 85.7 89.2 2010 Yala 1,139 686 1,825 832 343 1,175 73.0 50.0 64.4 2010 / 2011 Maha 2,443 1,503 3,946 2,396 977 3,373 98.1 65.0 85.5 2011 Yala 1,975 1,250 3,224 1,796 1,102 2,897 90.9 88.1 89.9 2011 / 2012 Maha 3,752 2,534 6,286 3,046 2,168 5,214 81.2 85.6 82.9 2012 Yala 1,775 2,009 3,783 1,521 1,657 3,177 85.7 82.5 84.0 2012 / 2013 Maha 3,527 3,117 6,644 2,625 2,209 4,833 74.4 70.9 72.8 2013 Yala 1,900 1,328 3,228 1,830 1,202 3,031 96.3 90.5 93.9 2013 / 2014 Maha 3,174 1,978 5,152 2,698 1,780 4,477 85.0 90.0 86.9 2014 Yala 1,588 1,307 2,894 1,493 1,114 2,607 94.0 85.3 90.1 2014 / 2015 Maha 3,261 3,390 6,650 2,872 2,416 5,287 88.1 71.3 79.5 2015 Yala 2,321 2,839 5,160 1,918 1,505 3,423 82.6 53.0 66.3 2015 / 2016 Maha 3,701 3,637 7,337 3,228 1,816 5,044 87.2 49.9 68.7 2016 Yala 2,683 3,533 6,216 2,125 1,186 3,311 79.2 33.6 53.3 2016 / 2017 Maha(b) 3,391 3,456 6,848 2,933 2,540 5,473 86.5 73.5 79.9 2017 Yala(b) 2,170 3,254 5,425 1,620 1,604 3,224 74.6 49.3 59.4 2017 / 2018 Maha(c) 3,986 5,200 9,186 3,413 3,373 6,786 85.6 64.9 73.9 2018 Yala(c) 2,893 4,902 7,794 1,883 1,879 3,762 65.1 38.3 48.3

(a) Credit Schemes: From 1973 to Yala 1986 Comprehensive Rural Credit Scheme. Sources : Bank of Ceylon Since Yala 1986 New Comprehensive Rural Credit Scheme. Commercial Bank (b) Revised DFCC Bank (c) Provisional data – Recovery is in progress. Hatton National Bank Lankaputhra Development Bank National Development Bank People’s Bank Regional Development Bank Sampath Bank SANASA Development Bank Seylan Bank Union Bank 55 agriculture

Table 5.18 Plantation Sector – Manpower, Extent, Production and Yield 2010 – 2018

Category 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Manpower JEDB Staff Grades 375 370 389 379 355 315 283 298 329 Labour Grades 5,810 5,807 5,482 5,285 5,429 4,911 4,827 4,414 4,146 SLSPC Staff Grades 256 272 320 265 255 203 316 302 335 Labour Grades 4,812 4,567 4,274 4,220 3,932 3,932 3,638 3,502 3,640 Plantation Staff Grades 12,446 11,442 11,621 11,207 11,163 10,675 10,302 9,836 9,294 Companies(b) Labour Grades 202,204 196,861 183,656 175,660 171,510 163,777 153,152 144,455 132,976 Total Staff Grades 13,077 12,084 12,330 11,851 11,773 11,193 10,772 10,436 9,958 Labour Grades 212,826 207,235 193,412 185,165 180,871 172,620 161,557 152,116 140,762 % of Labour 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 93

Extent and Average Manpower Total Land Extent (ha.) JEDB 11,757 6,181 4,524 4,646 6,439 12,900 12,689 12,332 12,321 Managed by SLSPC 9,846 6,168 4,043 6,101 5,831 9,673 9,966 9,972 10,520 Plantation Companies(b) 230,704 172,288 166,548 170,541 171,302 171,061 217,001 217,001 217,001 Average Extent (ha.) JEDB 692 364 266 258 358 645 634 685 725 per Estate SLSPC 821 514 337 469 449 744 767 767 701 Plantation Companies(b) 577 429 418 431 428 429 420 417 n.a. Average Manpower JEDB 364 363 345 315 321 261 255 262 263 per Estate SLSPC 423 403 383 345 322 302 304 293 265 Plantation Companies(b) 537 518 491 442 456 437 410 389 n.a.

Total Extent Bearing (ha.) Tea JEDB 3,949 3,936 3,927 3,781 4,025 3,870 3,808 2,936 2,830 SLSPC 3,495 3,928 3,954 2,900 2,841 2,893 3,917 3,868 3,982 Plantation Companies(b) 72,741 72,661 71,188 70,125 70,955 70,486 69,805 69,265 70,492 Rubber JEDB 362 363 363 367 408 523 522 504 574 SLSPC 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 Plantation Companies(b) 33,561 33,420 32,409 32,128 32,492 31,644 30,767 29,909 42,434 Coconut JEDB – – – 42 42 34 34 34 – SLSPC 2 2 – – – – – – – Plantation Companies(b) 9,306 9,309 8,941 8,696 8,492 8,431 7,864 7,635 9,726

Production (’000 mt)



Made Tea JEDB  2.2 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.4  4.3 5.9 Production by SLSPC 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 Other State Agencies 8 2 3.2 3.7 3.6 3.8 2.4 2.5 n.a. Plantation Companies 136.2 122.9 118.8 123.6 118.0 113.9 95.4 100.4 92.7 Private 183.0 197.2 202.1 208.6 212.9 207.7 192.0 201.9 n.a. Total 331.4 327.5 328.4 340.0 338.0 328.8 292.6 307.7 – Rubber Production by JEDB 0.30 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.35 0.38 0.39 SLSPC 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 Plantation Companies(b) 32.2 31.3 29.5 29.3 26.6 26.1 26.6 27.9 25.7 Private 120.4 126.6 122.4 100.8 71.8 62.2 52.1 54.8 n.a. Total 153.0 158.2 152.1 130.4 98.6 88.6 79.1 83.1 – Coconut Mn/Nuts Plantation Companies(b) 40 37 41 28 36 33 41 42 38 Production by Private 2,277 2,771 2,899 2,485 2,834 3,023 2,970 2,408 n.a. Total 2,317 2,808 2,940 2,513 2,870 3,056 3,011 2,450 n.a. Yield (kg./ha.) Tea JEDB 587 542 575 586 476 490 358 487 507 SLSPC 583 582 716 665 547 525 513 484 546 Plantation Companies(b) 1,284 1,276 1,264 1,289 1,248 1,239 1,025 948 n.a. National 1,478 1,475 1,688 1,757 1,736 1,693 1,516 1,428 n.a.

Rubber JEDB 777 661 570 610 661 655 674 752 678 SLSPC – 754 492 692 615 575 573 649 n.a. Plantation Companies(b) 884 939 908 936 831 831 864 879 n.a. National 1,582 1,555 1,459 1,245 914 823 800 933 n.a. (b) Coconut (Nuts/ha.) Plantation Companies 4,284 3,979 4,111 3,242 3,420 3,126 5,158 5,501 n.a. National 6,544 – – 6,365 7,404 7,765 7,670 7,879 n.a.

JEDB – Janatha Estate Development Board Source : Ministry of Plantation Industries SLSPC – Sri Lanka State Plantation Corporation (a) Provisional (b) The figures of Plantation Companies includes the data of Kurunegala, Chilaw & Elkaduwa Plantations. Those Plantations are privatised but managed by the Government. n.a. – Not available 56 agriculture

Table 5.19 Settlements and Land Cultivated under Mahaweli Programme 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014(a) 2015(b) 2016 2017 2018(b)

Settlements (Families) System B (LB) 396 1,360 909 726 658 608 – 2,970 – – System C 107 1,612 – 199 481 1,373 20 1,200 547 990 System D – – – – 321 53 – 100 46 452 System G – 101 – 96 191 98 3 1,371 352 266 System H – – 5 – – 5 290 2,015 356 400 System L 569 485 1,426 630 2,429 64 – 1,755 1,802 – Udawalawe ( LB + RB) 354 340 – 143 10 221 40 5,975 92 – Victoria / Kotmale / Rambakenoya – 26 2 88 62 5 14 810 102 826 Hurulu Wewa – Dambulla – – – – – 295 360 817 – –

Land Cultivated (Hectares) System H 49,964 67,838 70,993 59,509 67,367 38,789 51,311 36,816 24,069 33,717 Paddy 36,729 50,508 53,119 44,100 47,172 26,355 42,040 29,508 13,186 29,172 Other Crops 13,235 17,330 17,874 15,409 20,195 12,434 9,271 7,308 10,883 4,545

System C 35,813 46,617 46,163 46,171 47,122 39,639 47,403 47,406 36,600 46,465 Paddy 31,949 44,702 45,645 44,554 44,244 33,990 44,900 44,704 34,086 44,454 Other Crops 3,864 1,915 518 1,617 2,878 5,649 2,503 2,702 2,514 2,011

System B 33,024 41,222 41,331 40,591 37,407 32,086 40,519 39,695 29,595 40,900 Paddy 30,370 38,512 38,039 37,898 34,044 30,139 41,332 38,020 28,879 40,065 Other Crops 2,654 2,710 3,292 2,693 3,363 1,947 1,187 1,675 716 835

System G 8,496 11,522 10,444 6,305 10,020 7,931 12,535 9,782 8,105 10,483 Paddy 7,641 10,132 9,356 5,362 8,889 7,326 11,168 8,675 7,000 9,591 Other Crops 855 1,390 1,088 943 1,131 605 1,367 1,107 1,105 892

System L 1,436 2,167 1,767 3,050 3,437 1,320 2,758 2,612 2,021 2,883 Paddy 1,121 1,557 999 2,054 2,437 715 2,045 2,149 1,319 2,050 Other Crops 315 610 768 996 1,000 605 713 463 702 833

Udawalawe 40,394 43,338 45,229 43,333 45,839 26,489 28,836 27,620 10,052 25,659 Paddy 21,583 27,081 27,956 24,799 24,444 22,092 24,804 22,806 7,319 20,955 Other Crops 18,811 16,257 17,273 18,534 21,395 4,397 4,032 4,814 2,733 4,704

System D & Rambaken Oya – – – – – 249 2,792 3,620 1,179 4,238 Paddy – – – – – 116 1,144 1,542 762 3,503 Other Crops – – – – – 133 1,648 2,078 417 735

Total 169,127 212,704 215,927 198,959 211,192 146,503 186,699 167,551 111,621 164,345 Paddy 129,393 172,492 175,114 158,767 161,230 120,733 167,433 147,404 92,551 149,790 Other Crops 39,734 40,212 40,813 40,192 49,962 25,770 20,721 20,147 19,070 14,555

(a) Revised Source : Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka (b) Provisional

LB – Left Bank RB – Right Bank 57 Industry

Table 6.1 Sugar 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Sugar Cane Total Area (with ratoons), Ha. 7,320 7,360 6,992 9,208 11,801 12,608 12,135 11,784 11,157 11,228 Area Harvested, Ha. 6,200 5,988 6,024 7,034 9,329 11,045 9,005 11,676 9,943 9,229 Cane Harvested, ’000 MT 287 272 290 348 534 576 572 653 591 567 Average Yield per Hectare, MT 47 50 45 54 67 75 89 58 56 61

Sugar Production, MT 32,168 31,336 34,875 35,659 53,061 52,318 55,972 61,265 55,552 51,265 Sevanagala 8,718 8,602 6,015 9,631 14,190 14,417 14,377 17,234 15,198 14,709 Pelwatta 23,450 22,734 28,860 22,712 28,358 17,964 27,612 34,188 27,643 28,061 Galoya – – – 3,316 10,513 19,937 13,994 10,626 12,711 8,495

Cost of Sugar Production, Rs./kg. Sevanagala 63.00 65.00 n.a. 68.00 98 104.76 99.09 107.41 119.00 117.00 Pelwatta 96.36 93.80 82.00 112.00 104.00 161.62 132.39 130.00 157.62 150.14 Galoya – – – 91 98.15 102.52 134.62 124.45 114.00 139.00

Sugar Imports Volume, MT ’000 466 548 606 569 548 520 624 651 498 645 Value, Rs. Mn. 25,045 41,077 47,091 43,872 37,187 33,332 34,164 49,919 39,041 40,045 Import Price (C.I.F.), Rs./MT 53,717 74,987 77,764 77,149 67,904 64,142 54,753 76,660 78,402 62,117

Sugar Availability, MT ’000 494.42 579.12 640.88 604.66 601.06 572.00 679.98 713.18 553.50 695.94

Per Capita, kg. 24.18 28.04 30.71 29.84 29.34 27.66 32.43 33.64 25.81 32.12

(a) Provisional Sources : Department of Census and Statistics n.a. – Not available Pelwatta Sugar Industries Ltd. Sevanagala Sugar Industries Ltd. Galoya Plantations Pvt. Ltd. Sri Lanka Customs Central Bank of Sri Lanka

Table 6.2 Milk and Milk Products 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Milk Collection, Litres ’000 91,844 99,410 95,710 68,386 66,234 61,478 64,583 70,094 96,202 91,000 Milk Industries of Lanka Co., Ltd. 54,870 55,530 52,813 68,386 66,234 61,478 64,583 70,094 96,202 91,000 Nestle Lanka Ltd. 36,974 43,880 42,897 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Finished Products Liquid Milk, Litres ’000 13,837 23,190 18,965 7,768(b) 6,859(b) 6,063 5,927 6,201 5,428 5,830 Pasteurised Milk 8,217 7,427 6,931 3,574(b) 3,263(b) 3,163 3,900 3,425 3,527 3,574 Sterilised Milk 5,620 15,763 12,034 4,194(b) 3,596(b) 2,900 2,027 2,776 1,901 2,256 Condensed Milk, Kgs. ’000 3,637 4,743 4,137 4,621(b) 4,188(b) 4,076 3,495 n.a. 635 1,019 Milk Powder(c), Kgs. ’000 8,421 9,593 8,720 14,242 13,185 11,878 11,113 11,140 7,253 6,604

Imports of Milk Products Infant Milk Food, MT 1,442 911 1,756 1,446 1,545 1,172 1,613 1,659 2,179 1,873 Other Milk Food, MT ’000 65 76 88 84 69 71 86 100 99 105

(a) Provisional Sources : Ceylon Cold Stores Ltd. (b) Excluding NLL. Milk Industries of Lanka Co. Ltd. (MILCO) (c) This figure includes imported powdered milk and other powdered malt products upto 2007. Nestle Lanka Ltd. (NLL) From 2008 onwards, includes only domestic productions. Sri Lanka Customs n.a. – Not available 58 Industry

Table 6.3 Textiles 2010 – 2018

Item 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Exports of Textiles and Garments Yarn Mn. kgs. 15 17 18 19 22 21 21 22 25 Rs. Mn. 5,621 6,272 7,461 7,543 8,844 8,555 10,121 10,516 13,513 Fabric Mn. kgs. 18 17 13 15 16 17 19 19 20 Rs. Mn. 7,958 9,363 11,807 15,917 11,791 13,813 15,607 18,185 24,175 Fibre Mn. kgs. 9 12 7 6 12 11 10 7 12 Rs. Mn. 368 504 392 564 3,231 3,609 3,437 2,612 4,720 Other Made Up Textile Mn. kgs. 15 19 40 11 12 15 14 15 17 Articles Rs. Mn. 6,124 6,579 6,735 7,363 8,472 10,013 11,807 13,317 15,780 Garments Rs. Mn. 359,113 440,791 482,212 551,659 611,350 618,803 669,796 722,624 807,787 Total Exports Rs. Mn. 379,185 463,509 508,607 583,046 643,688 654,794 710,768 767,254 865,975

Export Markets (% of Value of Garment Exports) USA 40.8 39.5 39.9 42.9 42.5 46.3 45.7 45.2 45.8 Germany 5.5 5.2 5.0 4.4 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.3 5.3 UK 25.2 23.1 23.4 21.1 19.3 17.9 18.0 16.9 14.8 France 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.7 3.5 2.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 Netherland 2.8 1.8 1.1 1.4 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.6 Canada 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.1 Italy 11.0 12.1 10.9 9.6 10.7 7.8 7.6 9.1 9.3

Imports of Textiles and Textile Articles Yarn Mn. kgs. 71 62 66 61 71 82 82 80 89 Rs. Mn. 35,800 38,358 40,631 37,782 44,484 48,064 53,560 55,655 68,385 Fabric Mn. kgs. 197 224 217 205 216 232 265 263 267 Rs. Mn. 155,780 203,883 234,192 210,863 240,882 242,395 317,396 338,519 373,182 Fibre Mn. kgs. 7 7 7 11 22 37 27 17 17 Rs. Mn. 2,282 2,650 2,486 3,452 6,702 10,912 8,665 6,079 6,797 Clothing Accessories Mn. kgs. 3 4 6 3 3 3 4 4 4 Rs. Mn. 6,606 7,036 7,502 6,424 5,968 5,304 8,031 8,106 8,819 Silk, Wool, Cotton, etc., Mn. kgs. 5 6 7 7 8 9 8 11 10 in raw form Rs. Mn. 1,893 2,159 2,317 2,420 2,825 2,785 2,977 3,666 4,026 Textile Articles Mn. kgs. 1 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 Rs. Mn. 2,181 2,507 2,418 3,360 3,047 2,505 3,267 3,361 4,126

Total Value of Imports Rs. Mn. 204,542 256,592 289,546 264,302 303,907 311,965 393,896 415,386 465,334

(a) Provisional Source : Sri Lanka Customs

Textiles Garment Exports

1,000

Other Countries 800 8% Italy Germany 6% 3% 600

Rs. Bn. EU 400 27% Belgium- Luxembourg 200 3%

France 0 1% U.K. 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 U.S.A 10% 30% Other Exports of Textiles Imports of Textiles 4% & Garments & Textile Articles 59 Industry

Table 6.4 Petroleum 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Crude Oil Imports Quantity, MT ’000 2,066 1,819 2,070 1,486 1,743 1,824 1,763 1,685 1,591 1,674 Value (C.I.F.), Rs. Mn. 111,715 120,180 183,056 157,758 182,064 187,760 100,578 86,969 107,397 160,024

(b) Refined Products Imports Quantity, MT ’000 2,162 2,882 3,501 3,961 2,907 3,385 3,321 3,885 4,895 4,959 Value (C.I.F.), Rs. Mn. 138,190 222,273 335,225 467,058 352,984 391,651 244,148 246,233 375,374 475,521

Processed in Sri Lanka, MT ’000 Petrol 179 158 206 152 144 152 154 166 165 165 Kerosene 83 93 93 75 57 65 75 104 57 35 Furnace Oil 781 686 779 648 724 641 552 479 431 424 Auto Diesel 485 442 501 411 390 496 510 583 509 568 Marine and Heavy Diesel – – – – – – – – – – Aviation Fuel (Avtur) 195 126 155 93 125 168 155 148 236 237 Liquid Petroleum Gas 24 23 24 17 20 28 7 9 19 22 Asphalts (Bitumen) 42 35 46 27 5 – – – – – Naptha (Chemical) 105 84 80 71 87 117 135 144 142 141 Solvents 17 2 3 4 n.a. 3 2 1 – – Locally Blended Lubrication Oil – – – – – – – – – –

Exports, Rs. Mn. 15,447 29,761 61,170 58,902 55,128 44,132 50,461 41,794 66,280 101,467

(a) Provisional Sources : Ceylon Petroleum Corporation and other Importers and Exporters of Petroleum (b) Excluding coal Sri Lanka Customs n.a. – Not available

Table 6.5 Minerals 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Precious & Semi Precious Stones Exports, Rs. Mn. 7,912.3 7,944.5 10,523.0 14,982.2 16,765.0 22,582.9 22,234.5 21,712.8 22,108.4 22,910.1 Gem Exports 7,754.3 7,802.1 10,375.7 14,757.6 16,643.8 22,442.7 22,132.2 19,903.5 22,075.6 22,891.2 Geuda Exports 158.0 142.4 147.3 224.6 121.2 140.2 102.3 101.6 32.8 18.9 Graphite – Production, MT(b) 915 766 842 1,018 848 3,819 4,212 799(c) 811(c) 750(c) Exports – Quantity, MT 3,018 3,231 3,341 3,094 3,083 3,116 2,834 3,163 3,123 3,298 – Value, Rs. Mn. 260 454 479 561 569 615 531 668 722 889 – Average Price, Rs./MT 86,011 140,533 143,376 181,346 184,487 197,463 187,236 211,274 231,032 269,448 Ilmenite – Production, MT(d) 31,967 53,361 68,085 44,707 42,685 32,972 39,439 26,159 51,940 60,847 Exports – Quantity, MT 74,074 36,692 38,122 51,187 15,806 26,956 40,909 30,595 36,994 33,326 – Value, Rs. Mn. 414 344 923 2,000 436 480 418 335 914 817 Rutile – Production, MT 2,133 2,493 1,970 1,590 1,406 2,111 1,808 2,237 2,174 2,319 Exports – Quantity, MT 6,661 2,608 2,302 1,648 1,040 2,753 1,170 2,121 1,976 2,873 – Value, Rs. Mn. 163 189 295 516 151 330 119 228 215 400

(a) Provisional Sources : Lanka Mineral Sands Ltd. (b) Does not include data from Bogala Graphite Lanka Ltd. from 2009. National Gem and Jewellery Authority (c) Only Kahatagala Graphite production. Bogala Graphite Lanka Ltd. (d) Includes production of Hi-Ti-Ilmenite from 2010. Kahatagaha Graphite Lanka Ltd. Sri Lanka Customs 60 Industry

Table 6.6 Cement 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Local Production Production Volume, MT ’000 1,453 1,740 1,974 2,084 1,910 1,884 2,287 2,695 2,819 2,841

Imports Volume, MT ’000 1,702 2,012 2,584 3,796 4,123 4,363 4,092 5,299 5,676 5,114 Value, Rs. Mn. 14,042 14,856 22,222 33,337 40,536 41,304 39,372 50,589 53,498 48,386 Imports Price (C.I.F.), Rs. per MT 8,250 7,385 8,599 8,783 9,832 9,468 9,622 9,547 9,425 9,461 Price, Rs. per MT (Annual Avg.)(b) 11,279 9,855 10,720 13,097 13,787 13,902 13,160 11,734 11,367 12,345

(a) Provisional Sources : Holcim (Lanka) Limited (b) Ex-factory price per MT Tokyo Cement Company Lanka PLC Sri Lanka Customs

Table 6.7 Electricity 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Installed Capacity, MW 2,684 2,817 3,148 3,312 3,362 3,932 3,847 4,018 4,138 4,085 CEB Hydro 1,207 1,207 1,207 1,357 1,361 1,377 1,377 1,384 1,384 1,391 Fuel Oil(b) 548 548 554 554 564 544 604 604 604 604 Coal – – 300 300 300 900 900 900 900 900 Other 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 Private Hydro – Small 172 175 194 227 267 288 307 342 353 366 Fuel Oil(c) 742 842 842 784 771 671 511 611 689 616 Other 12 42 48 87 96 150 145 174 206 207 Maximum Demand, MW 1,868 1,955 2,163 2,146 2,164 2,152 2,283 2,453 2,523 2,616 Units Generated, GWh 9,882 10,714 11,528 11,801 11,898 12,357 13,090 14,149 14,671 15,255 CEB Hydro 3,356 4,988 4,018 2,727 5,990 3,632 4,904 3,481 3,059 5,149 Fuel Oil(b) 2,091 1,394 1,494 2,029 1,283 1,696 1,050 2,297 2,529 1,886 Coal – – 1,038 1,404 1,469 3,202 4,443 5,047 5,103 4,764 Other 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 Private Hydro – Small 525 646 601 565 916 902 1,065 739 945 1,203 Fuel Oil(c) 3,883 3,601 4,253 4,906 1,977 2,610 1,225 2,164 2,516 1,740 Other 23 83 121 168 260 313 401 419 517 510 Sales, GWh 8,441 9,268 10,024 10,475 10,621 11,063 11,786 12,785 13,430 14,100 Domestic and Religious 2,927 3,186 3,430 3,577 3,546 3,585 3,943 4,272 4,463 4,641 Industrial 2,518 2,870 3,131 3,285 3,344 3,498 3,608 3,864 4,041 4,298 Small Units 219 232 252 272 274 275 291 330 315 327 Medium Units 1,316 1,473 1,574 1,628 1,676 1,726 1,812 1,942 1,987 2,052 Large Units 983 1,165 1,306 1,385 1,394 1,497 1,504 1,591 1,739 1,919 General Purpose and Hotel(d) 1,768 1,903 2,087 2,202 2,316 2,520 2,681 2,987 3,222 3,412 LECO 1,120 1,201 1,267 1,302 1,308 1,352 1,446 1,553 1,595 1,640 Street Lighting 108 108 109 109 108 108 108 109 108 108

(a) Provisional Source : Ceylon Electricity Board (b) Data from 2011 had been split as fuel oil and coal power, as coal power generation commenced in 2011. (c) Inclusive of Independent Power Producers (IPP). (d) Data from 2013 include sales to government category. 61 Industry

Table 6.8 Gross Generation of Electricity by Power Stations – 2017 and 2018

Capacity Power Station Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total MW

CEB Generation in 2017, GWh Hydro Laxapana Complex Canyon 60.00 6.69 2.59 3.95 6.49 4.37 0.95 8.93 12.72 17.57 18.72 15.31 17.92 116.22 Old Laxapana 53.80 10.32 13.22 11.85 11.49 14.66 21.70 13.82 23.07 31.53 30.15 33.63 35.98 251.43 New Laxapana 116.00 21.21 8.81 13.77 21.31 24.59 14.96 31.82 51.02 62.86 68.24 50.92 58.96 428.47 Wimalasurendra 50.00 4.14 5.56 4.47 4.53 3.41 5.58 3.81 5.57 10.76 8.72 14.00 15.94 86.51 Polpitiya 82.50 14.76 10.16 11.90 15.53 18.78 21.07 24.58 37.48 50.88 51.92 43.42 48.27 348.76 Sub Total 362.30 57.13 40.36 45.93 59.35 65.82 64.26 82.97 129.86 173.60 177.75 157.28 177.08 1,231.39 Mahaweli Complex Ukuwela 40.00 6.32 4.60 5.79 11.89 8.65 18.01 19.85 16.89 12.81 4.37 21.67 23.58 154.43 Bowetanne 40.00 4.59 2.40 5.37 2.19 1.21 2.93 3.04 2.73 8.07 -0.01 17.02 16.19 65.74 Victoria 210.00 5.89 0.42 9.71 23.33 29.34 25.07 49.41 7.06 13.56 26.80 68.75 27.36 286.70 Upper Kotmale 150.00 7.09 3.92 18.31 8.76 18.90 25.96 12.19 31.27 35.30 45.84 42.17 51.31 301.01 Kotmale 201.00 11.46 9.42 4.27 20.07 4.52 19.69 48.10 20.22 28.42 37.68 45.31 49.81 298.97 Randenigala 122.60 13.87 12.88 5.94 15.67 19.97 19.23 18.62 5.93 2.19 3.23 12.41 10.45 140.40 Rantambe 50.00 7.29 6.40 5.84 7.25 9.11 9.15 9.23 3.11 1.41 3.69 9.37 10.72 82.55 Sub Total 813.60 56.51 40.05 55.22 89.16 91.70 120.04 160.44 87.21 101.76 121.59 216.69 189.43 1,329.80 mini Hydro (CEB) Samanalawewa 120.00 8.88 10.13 3.29 19.40 12.13 1.76 25.65 7.48 6.81 10.94 17.79 32.37 156.62 Kukule 75.00 8.09 4.97 12.37 11.02 28.24 35.31 18.43 33.93 45.09 46.99 35.68 39.39 319.51 Inginiyagala 11.25 -0.02 0.18 0.02 0.16 0.95 0.56 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 0.07 1.13 3.01 Uda Walawe 6.00 0.20 0.14 0.80 0.51 0.32 0.52 0.12 0.16 0.45 0.92 1.31 1.38 6.84 Nilambe 3.20 1.11 0.99 0.24 1.98 2.52 2.02 0.93 0.21 0.04 0.03 0.37 0.97 11.41 Sub Total 215.45 18.27 16.41 16.72 33.08 44.17 40.17 45.12 41.76 52.37 58.87 55.23 75.23 497.40 total Hydro 1,391.35 131.91 96.81 117.88 181.59 201.69 224.46 288.53 258.83 327.72 358.21 429.21 441.74 3,058.59 Wind Power 3.00 0.11 0.14 0.08 0.16 0.35 0.36 0.32 0.29 0.17 0.12 0.03 0.05 2.18 Thermal Kelanitissa: Steam Gas 80.00 7.17 5.07 5.54 11.01 8.33 0.10 10.10 1.38 0.26 1.00 2.39 -0.03 52.33 Gas (New) 115.00 26.26 33.39 30.31 49.28 41.03 10.66 63.39 33.93 8.61 20.86 19.98 8.11 345.79 Combined Cycle 165.00 79.80 52.90 64.46 89.09 73.21 74.11 69.25 106.76 97.56 79.62 90.45 70.29 947.49 Sapugaskanda 80.00 24.79 21.93 24.00 33.65 33.03 18.73 29.16 21.69 30.60 25.78 22.83 24.52 310.71 Sapugaskanda Ext. 80.00 41.07 32.81 29.51 32.61 33.26 30.29 33.04 26.51 22.26 19.10 25.71 28.81 354.97 Barge Mounted 24.00 38.27 31.58 41.09 40.16 40.46 32.93 31.75 35.19 31.90 30.93 34.34 36.45 425.05 Uthuru Janani 60.00 9.65 4.29 4.33 9.08 9.98 4.25 13.25 8.84 8.83 6.06 7.57 6.25 92.38 Puttalam Coal 900.00 484.81 534.21 583.42 394.21 464.95 495.41 368.37 443.96 332.60 474.50 239.45 287.39 5,103.26 total Thermal 1,504.00 711.83 716.17 782.65 659.08 704.26 666.45 618.31 678.25 532.62 657.85 442.71 461.79 7,631.97 Total CEB 2,898.35 843.85 813.12 900.61 840.84 906.30 891.28 907.16 937.38 860.51 1,016.18 871.95 903.58 10,692.73 Private Mini Hydro (Private) 353.63 29.27 20.86 54.94 47.44 65.81 100.44 64.55 102.81 112.91 121.70 105.66 119.07 945.45 ORE(a) 205.91 29.40 27.05 21.52 34.39 54.23 75.61 60.07 63.05 55.84 46.30 22.05 27.20 516.71 Thermal 629.00 260.12 213.51 286.15 274.63 234.95 169.94 260.33 203.38 186.71 80.75 184.27 161.13 2,515.88 total Private 1,188.54 318.79 261.42 362.60 356.46 354.99 345.99 384.95 369.24 355.46 248.76 311.98 307.40 3,978.03 Grand Total 4,086.89 1,162.63 1,074.54 1,263.21 1,197.29 1,261.28 1,237.26 1,292.11 1,306.61 1,215.97 1,264.94 1,183.93 1,210.98 14,670.77

CEB Generation in 2018, GWh Hydro Laxapana Complex Canyon 60.00 13.03 7.72 11.48 8.64 9.72 22.61 17.88 23.02 15.17 13.48 14.68 12.71 170.14 Old Laxapana 53.80 21.58 11.86 20.44 23.85 26.31 36.72 34.82 38.34 35.37 36.51 33.97 26.89 346.64 New Laxapana 116.00 40.53 24.07 35.68 28.55 39.21 67.93 60.48 64.37 48.86 46.38 48.25 40.86 545.17 Wimalasurendra 50.00 9.12 4.73 9.03 10.00 9.54 19.26 11.67 22.48 14.82 17.35 14.73 11.39 154.12 Polpitiya 90.00 17.01 -0.02 17.94 25.48 28.13 53.98 32.17 30.47 30.27 30.35 39.94 34.49 340.20 Sub Total 369.80 101.27 48.36 94.57 96.52 112.92 200.49 157.01 178.68 144.49 144.06 151.56 126.34 1,556.28 Mahaweli Complex Ukuwela 40.00 17.39 12.34 3.62 9.69 17.24 23.97 25.17 24.69 10.44 16.56 18.97 15.34 195.44 Bowetanne 40.00 2.05 0.86 1.19 2.20 8.92 7.70 6.86 7.62 1.24 12.29 19.88 12.22 83.04 Victoria 210.00 14.72 6.71 35.14 47.08 34.22 111.99 98.33 63.27 80.21 120.18 160.14 90.39 862.37 Upper Kotmale 150.00 18.07 11.74 12.08 23.51 57.16 67.19 53.02 79.53 47.62 91.69 59.85 25.88 547.35 Kotmale 201.00 38.20 26.52 3.66 5.09 50.06 84.44 58.52 96.27 36.58 80.33 72.08 24.60 576.35 Randenigala 122.60 15.99 14.75 9.49 5.76 25.94 45.75 40.90 48.31 19.17 43.68 86.34 60.82 416.90 Rantambe 50.00 8.94 8.19 6.14 5.18 16.77 20.14 16.76 20.22 9.07 23.12 36.79 28.47 199.78 Sub Total 813.60 115.37 81.10 71.32 98.50 210.31 361.19 299.55 339.93 204.33 387.85 454.05 257.73 2,881.23 mini Hydro (CEB) Samanalawewa 120.00 31.28 36.89 27.38 17.58 42.54 37.88 37.96 16.03 20.56 34.36 31.65 19.31 353.39 Kukule 75.00 10.81 10.21 13.53 29.95 40.32 50.39 20.49 25.67 15.41 50.34 35.69 15.94 318.75 Inginiyagala 11.25 2.23 1.83 0.59 1.04 1.35 1.76 2.09 1.34 0.24 0.56 2.09 2.17 17.29 Uda Walawe 6.00 0.42 0.18 0.23 0.54 1.62 1.67 0.72 1.09 0.61 2.17 2.05 1.30 12.59 Nilambe 3.20 2.44 0.56 -0.02 0.95 0.95 1.33 1.00 0.50 -0.01 -0.01 0.66 1.61 9.95 Sub Total 215.45 47.17 49.66 41.71 50.06 86.78 93.03 62.26 44.62 36.81 87.42 72.14 40.33 711.97 total Hydro 1,398.85 263.81 179.12 207.60 245.08 410.01 654.71 518.82 563.22 385.62 619.33 677.75 424.40 5,149.49 Wind Power 3.00 0.05 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.10 0.18 0.22 0.30 0.20 0.04 0.00 0.00 1.27 Thermal Kelanitissa: Steam Gas 80.00 1.15 2.05 2.23 1.76 -0.03 -0.03 0.03 0.00 0.14 0.24 0.06 5.13 12.73 Gas (New) 115.00 47.71 46.48 60.34 19.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.06 2.58 0.44 22.99 207.50 Combined Cycle 165.00 113.93 99.64 103.79 77.79 80.39 12.00 7.28 11.58 -0.09 1.54 20.90 91.40 620.13 Sapugaskanda 80.00 28.22 14.64 20.17 20.99 18.50 5.85 21.47 21.35 24.90 12.15 11.05 28.17 227.46 Sapugaskanda Ext. 80.00 30.26 27.87 32.48 39.34 37.74 21.93 44.45 35.61 40.02 20.15 17.96 44.52 392.34 Barge Mounted 24.00 39.09 30.49 35.49 35.38 26.04 16.93 35.54 29.06 34.86 17.46 14.63 40.09 355.05 Uthuru Janani 60.00 9.35 4.79 3.40 6.75 5.85 2.05 8.49 5.65 7.95 3.69 2.40 10.61 70.98 Puttalam Coal 900.00 379.58 484.85 540.87 425.04 427.83 272.72 344.56 357.70 491.86 418.71 323.90 296.04 4,763.66 total Thermal 1,504.00 649.27 710.80 798.76 626.94 596.31 331.45 461.83 460.96 606.69 476.52 391.34 538.95 6,649.84 Total CEB 2,902.85 913.13 890.00 1,006.43 872.06 1,006.42 986.34 980.88 1,024.48 992.51 1,095.88 1,069.09 963.36 11,800.59 Private Mini Hydro (Private) 366.43 65.41 43.48 45.43 79.85 140.75 153.97 108.56 117.51 65.39 153.43 138.86 90.79 1,203.42 ORE(a) 206.90 33.98 35.20 29.10 21.07 40.28 84.55 70.23 69.05 53.49 23.07 22.92 27.42 510.37 Thermal 560.00 228.40 182.89 247.32 229.21 108.70 44.19 162.04 123.25 181.94 30.84 14.66 186.78 1,740.23 total Private 1,133.33 327.79 261.57 321.85 330.13 289.73 282.71 340.83 309.82 300.82 207.34 176.44 304.99 3,454.02 Grand Total 4,036.18 1,240.92 1,151.58 1,328.28 1,202.20 1,296.15 1,269.05 1,321.71 1,334.29 1,293.34 1,303.22 1,245.53 1,268.35 15,254.62

(a) Other Renewable Energy (Solar, Dendro, Biomass & Wind). Source : Ceylon Electricity Board 62 Industry

Table 6.9 Electricity Sales by Province 2015 – 2018

Units in GWh Revenue, Rs. Mn. No. of Consumer Accounts Province & Type of Sale 2015 2016 2017 2018 2015 2016 2017 2018 2015 2016 2017 2018

Colombo City Domestic 251.71 268.30 270.46 270.91 6,457.80 7,045.00 7,087.00 7,089.69 136,943 138,838 140,797 142,534 Religious 7.89 8.70 9.01 9.23 70.23 76.62 79.52 82.73 878 889 899 911 Industrial 161.64 180.52 177.73 182.16 2,445.63 2,695.97 2,641.26 2,706.35 392 384 374 374 Commercial 897.81 948.94 992.80 1,018.55 21,046.89 22,534.18 23,338.79 23,844.88 34,430 35,017 35,523 35,982 Street Lighting 9.71 9.70 9.71 9.71 – – – – – – – – Total 1,328.76 1,416.20 1,459.70 1,490.57 30,020.55 32,351.76 33,146.57 33,723.64 172,643 175,128 177,593 179,801 Western Province(a) Domestic 1,067.75 1,150.70 1,186.88 1,225.07 16,331.87 18,475.56 19,211.84 20,050.47 1,081,055 1,117,146 1,142,260 1,166,669 Religious 12.32 13.40 14.02 14.70 91.09 99.72 105.53 111.54 5,314 5,470 5,643 5,808 Industrial 1,995.55 2,121.40 2,260.84 2,431.26 29,065.59 30,475.93 32,871.13 35,238.37 10,828 10,854 10,821 10,668 Commercial 614.95 694.90 765.86 833.24 14,363.09 16,045.91 17,509.69 19,203.21 138,485 147,617 157,394 166,390 Street Lighting 39.33 39.40 39.35 39.35 – – – – – – – Total 3,729.89 4,019.80 4,266.96 4,543.62 59,851.64 65,097.12 69,698.18 74,603.59 1,235,682 1,281,087 1,316,118 1,349,535 Central Province Domestic 554.06 582.90 605.56 625.01 5,832.10 6,322.49 6,673.14 6,980.42 806,642 847,188 866,266 881,262 Religious 9.53 10.20 10.72 10.87 62.78 67.56 72.31 74.09 6,113 6,343 6,555 6,760 Industrial 285.05 301.51 307.36 312.49 4,313.85 4,542.13 4,682.39 4,774.73 3,904 3,976 4,031 4,088 Commercial 276.66 309.61 334.70 353.97 6,287.63 7,015.66 7,550.13 8,014.85 94,758 99,693 105,282 110,710 Street Lighting 7.61 7.60 7.61 7.61 – – – – – – – Total 1,132.91 1,211.90 1,265.95 1,309.94 16,496.37 17,947.84 18,977.97 19,844.08 911,417 957,200 982,134 1,002,820 Southern Province Domestic 432.64 463.00 477.75 502.61 4,541.55 5,114.11 5,324.19 5,740.91 629,302 654,437 667,344 679,513 Religious 6.81 7.50 7.66 8.30 47.06 52.54 53.46 58.74 3,707 3,895 4,068 4,210 Industrial 263.76 274.06 284.62 300.82 3,903.15 4,022.86 4,199.02 4,432.59 4,594 4,763 4,944 5,018 Commercial 215.86 260.70 283.57 303.76 4,785.16 5,696.96 6,194.35 6,634.07 64,514 68,736 73,562 78,123 Street Lighting 10.47 10.50 10.50 10.50 – – – – – – – Total 929.54 1,015.70 1,064.10 1,125.99 13,276.92 14,886.46 15,771.02 16,866.31 702,117 731,831 749,918 766,864 Northern Province Domestic 162.00 185.00 213.64 232.64 1,879.48 2,242.17 2,601.71 2,859.48 234,393 267,250 295,985 308,968 Religious 6.02 7.10 7.89 8.69 43.09 48.52 54.50 60.31 4,003 4,404 4,726 4,966 Industrial 26.12 29.81 31.85 35.87 421.72 481.80 521.28 572.26 3,764 4,101 4,640 5,209 Commercial 105.03 118.68 128.97 140.14 2,426.91 2,734.29 2,956.46 3,212.36 28,103 30,802 34,069 37,110 Street Lighting 1.63 1.60 1.63 1.63 – – – – – – – Total 300.79 342.20 383.98 418.98 4,771.20 5,506.77 6,133.95 6,704.41 270,263 306,565 339,420 356,253 Eastern Province Domestic 294.85 330.70 352.63 370.16 3,436.67 4,060.40 4,323.80 4,593.39 392,297 426,889 459,151 474,020 Religious 6.18 7.00 7.64 8.48 42.75 49.05 54.09 60.86 3,168 3,389 3,612 3,792 Industrial 123.13 136.16 141.09 156.87 1,805.15 1,998.68 2,085.15 2,264.37 5,048 5,081 5,155 5,193 Commercial 127.94 147.60 166.58 172.11 2,902.05 3,306.38 3,742.09 3,834.81 41,934 44,594 48,777 52,631 Street Lighting 4.86 4.90 4.86 4.86 – – – – – – – Total 556.95 626.30 672.80 712.47 8,186.62 9,414.52 10,205.13 10,753.44 442,447 479,953 516,695 535,636 North Western Province Domestic 476.62 523.40 552.91 562.92 5,428.12 6,269.78 6,688.49 6,892.55 649,175 687,209 710,384 723,315 Religious 7.84 8.70 9.28 9.52 51.65 58.46 63.08 65.12 4,734 4,874 5,013 5,129 Industrial 468.97 503.04 509.87 527.23 6,880.41 7,370.92 7,502.63 7,774.71 17,696 18,149 19,159 20,061 Commercial 184.23 207.32 230.27 245.09 4,278.82 4,785.80 5,314.87 5,683.96 81,520 86,962 94,362 100,262 Street Lighting 27.37 27.40 27.37 27.37 – – – – – – – Total 1,165.03 1,269.80 1,329.70 1,372.12 16,639.00 18,484.95 19,569.07 20,416.34 753,125 797,194 828,918 848,767 North Central Province Domestic 223.43 249.90 262.38 280.07 2,229.69 2,615.14 2,762.63 2,979.24 343,252 372,484 382,469 391,079 Religious 4.38 5.00 5.53 5.81 31.15 35.80 40.02 42.82 2,156 2,243 2,332 2,440 Industrial 100.62 125.84 127.24 134.83 1,637.45 2,008.17 2,047.20 2,160.59 6,378 6,685 6,992 7,252 Commercial 107.48 123.48 132.07 142.88 2,442.61 2,798.15 2,998.70 3,245.65 38,988 41,491 44,381 47,237 Street Lighting 2.08 2.10 2.08 2.08 – – – – – – – Total 437.99 506.30 529.29 565.67 6,340.89 7,457.26 7,848.56 8,428.30 390,774 422,903 436,174 448,008 Uva Province Domestic 174.12 188.90 197.10 208.55 1,494.43 1,675.68 1,756.58 1,922.30 308,030 328,683 342,593 349,333 Religious 2.83 3.10 3.09 3.40 17.67 19.24 19.86 21.61 2,290 2,427 2,597 2,751 Industrial 55.03 56.81 61.10 64.67 865.18 887.96 975.38 1,031.81 2,428 2,673 2,796 2,853 Commercial 68.48 83.01 88.07 92.95 1,592.87 1,905.58 2,038.14 2,146.77 29,265 30,839 33,447 35,733 Street Lighting 0.97 1.00 0.97 0.97 – – – – – – – Total 301.42 332.70 350.32 370.53 3,970.15 4,488.46 4,789.95 5,122.49 342,013 364,622 381,433 390,670 Sabaragamuwa Province Domestic 239.23 255.60 265.53 279.97 2,297.57 2,537.76 2,659.85 2,866.15 386,306 403,309 417,811 426,444 Religious 3.20 3.50 3.65 3.82 20.45 22.62 23.72 24.84 2,347 2,448 2,554 2,655 Industrial 127.68 134.99 141.16 143.81 1,962.66 2,064.35 2,168.88 2,205.18 1,649 1,715 1,782 1,854 Commercial 82.51 92.67 98.77 109.10 1,906.38 2,135.88 2,275.50 2,519.61 38,347 40,237 42,579 44,972 Street Lighting 4.37 4.40 4.37 4.37 – – – – – – – Total 457.00 491.20 513.47 541.07 6,187.06 6,760.61 7,127.95 7,615.79 428,649 447,709 464,726 475,925 Transmission Bulk Supply to LECO 1,446.00 1,553.20 1,594.95 1,640.21 22,295.38 24,496.28 25,182.11 25,478.36 1 1 1 1 Grand Total 11,786.28 12,785.30 13,431.46 14,091.16 188,035.77 206,892.03 218,450.46 204,078.38 5,649,132 5,964,194 6,193,130 6,354,280

(a) Excluding Colombo city. Source : Ceylon Electricity Board Note 1: Transmission Bulk Supply to LECO is shown as a total and accounted as one account. Note 2: Street Lighting Consumer Accounts are accounted as one account. 63 Industry 6.10 Contd. 2018 171.5 2,181.6 2,970.1 1,788.8 16,382.0 Table 2017 144.3 2,130.7 2,809.5 1,669.9 15,343.0 2016 125.4 1,934.0 2,765.8 1,313.1 14,550.8 Revenue Collected (Rs. Mn.) 2015 106.9 1,681.5 2,387.5 1,085.4 13,045.1 2018 160.5 2,111.5 2,921.8 1,701.2 15,822.8 2017 146.1 2,044.0 2,744.6 1,533.6 15,061.0 2016 125.9 1,925.6 2,640.3 1,379.4 14,732.7 Revenue Billed (Rs. Mn.) 2015 107.3 1,648.4 2,319.6 1,070.3 12,641.7 3.7 55.0 66.0 43.5 2018 284.5 Mn.) 3 3.3 53.4 62.7 39.1 2017 274.1 2.9 51.1 61.7 34.9 2016 268.9 (m Quantity of Water 2.4 45.9 56.7 28.3 2015 242.1 evenue by Province 2015 – 2018 and R evenue by Province 2015 – C onsumption 2018 24,199 272,559 320,351 264,831 1,026,852 2017 21,653 986,928 261,356 312,024 243,424 2016 17,817 of Consumers No. 937,246 248,735 303,423 216,552 Water – C onsumers, Water 2015 14,834 804,082 857,647 902,050 936,927 166.9 186.5 190.6 198.1 7,038.4 8,541.4 8,609.2 9,043.6 7,276.4 8,278.1 8,850.0 9,455.4 878,379 236,052 293,217 185,298 3,411 504 70,382 3,549 75,541 3,592 509 80,776 3,702 85,716 510 20.3 52.7 507 19.9 60.0 2.2 19.2 61.7 2.5 20.3 64.2 1,406.2 4,083.4 2.6 1,384.8 4,672.7 1,367.1 1.9 4,955.4 1,430.8 5,217.1 113.8 1,484.8 4,112.5 11,617.3 133.8 4,682.9 1,352.3 4,999.7 129.3 1,481.8 5,301.5 131.3 171.4 174.6 141.0 143.3 220,016 231,633 1,007 243,079 14,971 253,208 1,031 58 16,021 1,048 34.9 50 17,183 1,088 18,222 39.1 46 1.1 40.6 9.9 41 41.8 1.2 10.7 1,128.1 ... 11.6 1.1 1,347.8 1,414.7 12.0 1.2 ... 1,454.7 440.0 1,153.9 79.3 1,378.9 ... 493.1 1,481.2 84.1 543.9 1,502.5 0.0 85.0 569.8 1.0 86.4 444.6 0.5 475.3 82.0 563.2 0.4 79.2 589.3 85.7 0.5 89.3 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 275,493 284,404 1,932 291,732 102 15,690 298,915 2,008 16,909 2,088 102 46.1 18,101 2,148 19,181 49.9 103 2.9 50.2 107 7.5 51.7 3.0 0.2 8.6 1,549.7 2.9 1,769.3 0.2 9.4 1,805.5 3.2 1,892.4 10.9 0.2 1,570.1 206.7 549.0 1,789.7 0.2 215.7 641.6 1,845.0 14.2 1,944.5 216.1 710.1 234.4 13.7 783.4 211.4 591.0 12.9 214.1 747.9 11.7 225.2 725.3 15.1 228.5 785.0 14.1 14.0 12.1 13,291 16,102 239 19,736 1,297 7 279 22,078 1,429 316 7 1,594 1.9 1,780 334 2.2 7 0.3 0.3 2.6 7 0.3 0.3 2.8 ... 0.4 0.3 68.6 ... 0.5 81.5 0.4 19.3 94.4 18.7 ... 103.7 21.2 22.5 ... 65.7 25.5 25.4 0.7 79.9 29.2 26.9 0.7 90.4 19.4 21.1 107.5 0.8 24.3 20.6 28.1 0.7 24.9 35.5 28.0 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.6 177,058 206,976 1,319 232,498 252,057 1,449 17 6,904 1,610 8,106 23.2 18 2,098 9,299 29.1 10,655 17 2.6 32.6 2.3 21 36.3 2.9 2.6 721.1 0.3 2.9 978.7 3.5 0.4 1,078.4 3.0 1,221.1 3.9 179.8 0.2 744.3 151.9 199.8 0.2 930.7 173.7 207.2 1,204.7 17.4 231.3 221.8 1,293.6 27.1 243.1 175.7 149.5 16.7 192.6 162.7 205.4 15.2 242.0 229.9 15.9 250.7 27.2 17.7 14.6 Domestic Government Industry Other Domestic Government Industry Other Domestic Government Industry Other Domestic Government Industry Other Domestic Government Industry Other District Western T otal C entral T otal Southern T otal N orthern T otal E astern T otal

64 Industry 2018 677.9 859.9 1,212.5 1,004.4 27,248.7 (Contd .) 2017 600.5 732.4 938.8 1,176.7 6.10 25,546.1 2016 595.7 680.3 859.0 Table 1,067.7 23,891.8 Revenue Collected (Rs. Mn.) 2015 520.1 930.1 613.5 719.0 21,089.1 Supply & Drainage Board : National Water Source 2018 656.7 760.7 945.4 1,151.4 26,232.1 2017 593.3 718.1 912.0 1,119.9 24,872.8 2016 590.3 687.4 875.0 1,079.8 24,036.3 Revenue Billed (Rs. Mn.) 2015 502.9 896.4 584.8 713.4 20,484.8 17.1 25.4 18.3 20.6 2018 534.1 Mn.) 3 15.4 24.5 17.1 19.9 2017 509.5 15.4 23.8 16.6 19.5 2016 494.7 (m Quantity of Water 13.6 20.8 14.6 17.2 2015 441.7 evenue by Province 2015 – 2018 and R evenue by Province 2015 – C onsumption 2018 82,548 121,541 103,307 112,466 2,328,654 2017 78,036 94,794 114,351 106,606 2,219,172 2016 73,782 86,273 of Consumers No. 107,686 100,957 2,092,471 Water – C onsumers, Water 2015 62,719 66,767 70,600 74,615 8.9 10.3 10.3 11.1 279.3 349.7 343.3 380.8 296.2 354.2 351.9 395.8 69,182 81,307 94,784 100,668 1,953,721 506 76 5,881 536 6,403 76 564 6,792 80 7,265 582 86 4.2 0.6 0.1 4.5 0.6 4.5 0.5 ... 5.5 0.5 0.1 180.0 39.3 … 197.0 40.0 208.1 4.3 37.4 236.9 3.7 35.5 182.5 4.5 37.1 197.7 206.2 3.4 40.2 241.6 37.8 4.4 37.1 3.7 4.6 3.5 91,030 97,558 934 103,473 11 8,693 110,080 904 9,218 14.8 6 955 9,913 17.4 1,000 10,451 10 18.1 2.8 3.2 10 19.0 2.9 3.5 489.1 ... 2.9 3.5 630.6 ... 648.8 2.7 3.7 677.7 ... 197.4 209.9 517.2 204.2 244.4 0.0 645.7 207.7 263.1 701.0 ... 197.3 276.4 726.4 204.2 208.6 0.5 183.2 238.7 0.2 203.9 271.9 200.2 0.1 285.8 ... 0.1 0.5 0.1 75,225 79,638 697 87,375 5,383 2 732 94,899 5,901 731 2 10.5 6,686 7,633 12.2 772 2 12.6 2.1 2.0 3 13.5 2.3 2.1 325.0 ... 2.5 2.1 403.8 ... 423.4 2.9 1.9 452.2 119.5 139.6 ... 337.8 134.6 148.3 … 396.7 145.2 148.7 428.1 171.6 136.4 0.7 471.0 129.7 145.4 0.7 133.6 149.3 0.8 154.2 149.1 179.0 209.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.6 85,155 90,528 595 216 95,376 8,818 100,497 588 9,542 299 13.6 615 10,242 373 10,876 15.4 635 458 2.4 15.7 1.2 ... 16.3 2.7 1.3 443.2 ... 2.9 1.3 555.1 0.1 2.9 573.0 1.3 191.2 597.8 0.1 76.0 223.7 450.0 3.0 90.9 244.3 548.3 89.0 248.1 597.5 5.2 191.6 635.4 93.7 5.7 218.0 74.4 5.8 249.7 87.9 268.3 3.0 85.9 4.9 94.8 5.7 5.9 1,804,069 1,931,256 2,045,919 10,640 2,143,276 11,076 138,019 993 320.7 149,070 11,519 1,069 362.0 160,586 12,359 171,779 1,148 373.2 33.8 84.5 1,240 390.6 12,042.3 34.1 14,657.8 95.3 2.7 14,990.8 33.2 15,824.0 100.1 12,411.8 3.3 106.6 34.4 14,402.3 15,549.9 5,944.2 2,343.2 3.1 16,532.1 6,802.1 2,390.4 7,326.9 2,383.6 2.4 7,775.7 2,463.2 155.0 6,029.4 2,436.1 6,881.1 2,382.1 186.0 7,440.5 2,370.1 171.5 7,936.7 2,598.8 169.2 211.8 226.3 186.0 181.1 Domestic Government Industry Other Domestic Government Industry Other Domestic Government Industry Other Domestic Government Industry Other District … Negligible N orth Western T otal N orth C entral T otal U va T otal Sabaragamuwa T otal T otal D omestic G overnment I ndustry O ther T otal 65 Industry

Table 6.11 Board of Investment (BOI) Enterprises 2009 – 2018

Industrial Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015(a) 2016(a) 2017(a) 2018(b)

Employment (End December)

Food, Beverages and Tobacco Products 13,195 13,984 13,436 15,612 15,647 14,135 15,612 16,550 17,341 16,286 Textile, Wearing Apparel and Leather Products 307,912 264,456 276,551 292,004 291,986 298,746 302,350 296,978 300,004 304,824 Wood and Wood Products 1,771 3,621 3,861 3,553 3,366 3,310 2,881 3,252 4,838 3,741 Paper, Paper Products, Printing and Publishing 1,730 1,890 2,325 1,938 2,241 2,168 2,164 2,519 2,214 2,135 Chemicals, Petroleum, Coal, Rubber and Plastic Products 23,382 20,659 26,017 26,929 27,734 25,410 25,716 25,437 25,856 26,935 Non-Metallic Mineral Products 9,082 8,854 9,228 9,354 9,119 9,288 8,107 7,986 8,840 8,236 Fabricated Metal, Machinery and Transport Equipment 6,866 6,853 7,113 8,744 6,619 6,635 6,778 7,610 7,537 7,994 Manufactured Products (Not Elsewhere Specified) 27,164 27,492 27,930 27,165 29,863 31,408 33,025 32,417 32,594 32,195 Services (includes Agriculture) 86,428 78,275 84,452 91,191 96,895 93,575 94,042 100,480 104,886 104,967

Total 477,530 426,084 450,913 476,490 483,470 484,675 490,675 493,229 504,110 507,313

Gross Export Earnings (f.o.b.), Rs. Mn.

Food, Beverages and Tobacco Products 35,277 30,790 34,234 40,442 43,291 44,871 41,342 48,005 55,631 66,621 Textile, Wearing Apparel and Leather Products 278,120 298,207 373,463 393,442 460,123 542,877 636,497 691,714 781,369 871,418 Wood and Wood Products 2,268 4,926 6,031 6,979 7,065 6,904 6,160 6,230 7,648 7,962 Paper, Paper Products, Printing and Publishing 3,586 4,160 5,805 6,506 5,165 7,684 6,968 6,820 9,602 7,140 Chemicals, Petroleum, Coal, Rubber and Plastic Products 52,383 74,065 110,426 118,088 124,374 140,818 124,712 138,036 156,673 178,767 Non-Metallic Mineral Products 9,679 13,123 19,379 22,832 26,897 30,638 24,277 22,198 20,493 22,455 Fabricated Metal, Machinery and Transport Equipment 13,385 17,482 17,871 17,548 17,561 16,692 14,437 17,286 22,518 33,281 Manufactured Products (Not Elsewhere Specified) 35,089 43,132 45,386 48,988 49,071 56,949 58,179 62,730 76,197 93,230 Services and Infrastructure 22,085 30,681 40,953 42,008 40,400 56,205 71,505 96,768 92,847 101,312

Total 451,872 516,566 653,548 696,833 773,947 903,638 984,078 1,089,787 1,222,978 1,382,186

(a) Revised Source : Board of Investment of Sri Lanka (b) Provisional 66 prices and wages

Table 7.1 Colombo Consumers’ Price Index 1958 – 2007 1952 = 100

Year All Items Change, % Food Clothing Fuel & Light Rent Miscellaneous

1958 105.0 2.1 105.8 87.5 101.0 101.5 113.1 1959 105.2 0.2 104.7 92.1 102.4 101.5 115.3 1960 103.5 -1.6 100.8 95.1 102.7 101.5 117.5 1961 104.8 1.3 99.8 103.9 104.4 101.5 122.8 1962 106.3 1.4 100.9 108.2 105.6 101.5 124.9 1963 108.8 2.4 103.0 118.2 103.0 101.5 126.6 1964 112.2 3.1 106.4 127.2 103.2 101.5 129.3 1965 112.5 0.3 107.3 126.7 100.7 101.5 128.3 1966 112.3 -0.2 109.1 117.3 95.9 101.5 127.3 1967 114.8 2.2 112.7 116.7 96.4 101.5 128.9 1968 121.5 5.8 121.2 120.1 103.2 101.5 133.6 1969 130.5 7.4 127.9 130.8 124.9 108.4 147.1 1970 138.2 5.9 136.6 137.3 136.1 109.8 153.2 1971 141.9 2.7 139.1 145.0 140.8 109.8 159.5 1972 150.9 6.3 147.5 163.5 145.9 109.8 169.5 1973 165.4 9.6 166.2 186.1 164.4 109.8 169.8 1974 185.8 12.3 189.7 204.6 220.9 109.8 178.3 1975 198.3 6.7 204.3 208.2 237.0 109.8 191.9 1976 200.7 1.2 202.1 211.7 265.2 109.8 203.8 1977 203.2 1.2 203.3 223.8 257.5 109.8 208.4 1978 227.8 12.1 237.5 226.2 262.1 109.8 224.8 1979 252.3 10.8 263.3 231.2 328.5 109.8 252.4 1980 318.2 26.1 339.7 239.9 563.9 109.8 293.8 1981 375.4 18.0 399.6 257.8 767.9 109.8 345.7 1982 416.1 10.8 450.4 273.8 816.4 109.8 377.1 1983 474.2 14.0 506.3 291.1 1,087.6 109.8 433.7 1984 553.1 16.6 598.0 307.5 1,282.7 109.8 496.9 1985 561.2 1.5 598.4 324.2 1,332.1 109.8 524.4 1986 606.0 8.0 641.4 374.5 1,347.6 109.8 599.7 1987 652.8 7.7 697.0 400.9 1,358.7 109.8 650.7 1988 744.1 14.0 802.0 419.8 1,535.1 109.8 742.6 1989 830.2 11.6 884.6 490.0 1,718.9 109.8 860.1 1990 1,008.6 21.5 1,090.9 610.2 1,934.2 109.8 1,021.0 1991 1,131.5 12.2 1,220.3 678.4 2,252.2 109.8 1,146.0 1992 1,260.4 11.4 1,366.0 723.6 2,334.3 109.8 1,318.7 1993 1,408.4 11.7 1,519.4 782.7 2,730.0 109.8 1,490.4 1994 1,527.4 8.4 1,654.1 795.7 3,131.6 109.8 1,578.7 1995 1,644.6 7.7 1,768.1 803.9 3,322.4 109.8 1,800.6 1996 1,906.7 15.9 2,107.6 821.8 3,591.6 109.8 1,994.7 1997 2,089.1 9.6 2,336.9 844.0 3,739.8 109.8 2,157.8 1998 2,284.9 9.4 2,592.1 852.3 3,872.8 109.8 2,319.9 1999 2,392.1 4.7 2,695.4 863.3 3,929.7 109.8 2,558.1 2000 2,539.8 6.2 2,815.8 872.9 4,660.9 109.8 2,802.4 2001 2,899.4 14.2 3,244.7 909.6 5,328.9 109.8 3,131.1 2002 3,176.4 9.6 3,589.9 950.5 5,795.8 109.8 3,327.9 2003 3,377.0 6.3 3,798.4 974.4 6,674.6 109.8 3,497.5 2004 3,632.8 7.6 4,096.2 984.0 7,315.3 109.8 3,726.4 2005 4,055.5 11.6 4,590.6 1,026.7 8,303.0 109.8 4,098.4 2006 4,610.8 13.7 5,198.7 1,067.2 10,641.8 109.8 4,482.6 2007 5,416.1 17.5 6,143.3 1,115.7 13,338.6 109.8 4,978.4

Note : This series was discontinued from May 2008, Source : Department of Census and Statistics and was replaced by CCPI (2002=100) 67 prices and wages

Table 7.2 Consumer Price Indices 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Colombo Consumers’ (a) Price Index (2002=100) All Items 206.8 219.1 Percentage Change 3.4 5.9 Sub Indices Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 219.2 234.2 Clothing and Footwear 165.3 176.6 Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels 227.5 235.3 Furnishing, H/H Equipment and Routine Household Maintenance 168.0 176.4 Health 194.8 227.8 Transport 238.8 240.7 Communication 107.0 109.4 Recreation and Culture 161.8 168.7 Education 152.0 171.3 Miscellaneous Goods and Services 168.5 180.7

Colombo Consumer Price Index (2006/07=100)(b)(c) All Items 133.6 141.9 151.5 162.9 174.2 179.9 181.5 188.3 Percentage Change 3.5 6.2 6.7 7.6 6.9 3.3 0.9 3.7 Sub Indices Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 148.5 158.8 172.7 180.9 195.2 202.5 212.4 221.7 Clothing and Footwear 122.0 130.2 147.6 162.1 170.8 171.4 195.3 207.7 Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels 115.1 119.2 124.4 136.4 151.0 152.7 138.2 138.0 Furnishing, H/H Equipment and Routine Household Maintenance 122.5 128.0 133.8 142.7 148.5 151.9 164.4 170.7 Health 184.7 233.9 240.3 247.5 251.7 273.1 311.4 345.6 Transport 138.4 139.7 149.6 181.9 190.2 198.9 182.9 187.1 Communication 88.2 90.3 90.3 90.3 90.3 93.9 94.0 100.5 Recreation and Culture 122.7 131.8 139.0 144.6 150.4 153.8 161.6 166.9 Education 120.7 135.9 140.6 141.2 142.6 143.3 148.1 155.2 Miscellaneous Goods and Services 122.4 126.3 131.1 136.5 142.2 146.8 154.2 160.8

Colombo Consumer (d) Price Index (2013=100) All Items 105.1 107.4 111.7 119.0 124.1 Percentage Change 2.2 4.0 6.6 4.3 Sub Indices Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 104.3 110.0 116.7 127.5 131.8 Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco 111.1 127.3 153.8 186.0 193.5 Clothing and Footwear 100.9 111.9 119.2 126.3 134.9 Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels 108.9 110.3 110.1 110.2 111.4 Furnishing, H/H Equipment and Routine Household Maintenance 102.2 107.5 107.8 118.0 127.2 Health 104.1 111.7 126.0 144.2 158.2 Transport 101.7 91.1 92.9 96.9 105.8 Communication 103.5 103.5 110.0 119.8 118.0 Recreation and Culture 101.4 105.3 107.4 109.9 112.9 Education 103.6 107.4 112.8 129.0 140.6 Restaurants and Hotels 101.2 104.5 107.2 116.4 127.8 Miscellaneous Goods and Services 101.5 103.5 118.5 134.0 139.4

(a) Discontinued from June 2011. Source : Department of Census and Statistics (b) The rebased CCPI (2006/07=100) has replaced CCPI (2002=100) from June 2011. (c) Discontinued from January 2017. (d) The rebased CCPI (2013=100) has replaced CCPI (2006/07=100) from January 2017. 68 prices and wages

Table 7.3 Consumer Price Indices – National Consumer Price Index 2014 – 2018

Item 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National Consumer Price Index (2013=100) All Items 105.5 109.5 113.8 122.6 125.2 Percentage Change 3.8 4.0 7.7 2.1 Sub Indices Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 105.2 110.7 114.1 127.0 126.8 Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco 110.5 129.8 158.5 175.6 183.4 Clothing and Footwear 103.2 110.5 114.5 118.2 122.8 Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels, 110.1 114.7 114.8 115.8 117.3 Furnishing, H/H Equipment and Routine Household Maintenance 103.6 108.7 113.1 119.0 124.0 Health 105.4 114.8 128.0 140.7 151.3 Transport 102.7 92.8 97.6 103.3 112.0 Communication 103.7 103.8 110.9 121.2 119.7 Recreation and Culture 101.5 106.4 109.4 111.3 115.7 Education 104.1 112.3 115.0 119.8 127.0 Restaurants and Hotels 104.2 104.8 106.7 110.7 114.6 Miscellaneous Goods and Services 101.5 103.8 114.8 127.4 133.8

Source : Department of Census and Statistics

Table 7.4 Producer’s Price Index 2014 – 2018 2013 Q4 = 100

Item 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

All Items 101.6 105.3 107.1 125.3 133.2

Agriculture 104.7 121.8 120.4 162.7 159.9 Growing of crops & cereals; Farming of animals 104.7 121.8 120.4 162.7 159.9

Manufacturing 100.9 100.4 103.7 109.2 121.8 Manufacture of food products and beverages 102.5 98.7 107.6 127.7 130.3 Manufacture of tobacco products 101.9 111.9 136.6 182.4 182.8 Manufacture of textiles 98.4 97.4 98.5 106.9 114.1 Manufacture of wearing apparel, dressing, and dyeing of fur 101.4 110.3 113.3 119.4 130.5 Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media 97.2 101.2 97.0 95.8 108.6 Manufacture of coke, refine petroleum products and nuclear fuel 99.9 76.6 59.8 74.1 98.0 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products 99.1 98.3 96.0 95.7 107.1 Manufacture of rubber and plastics 96.7 93.1 91.8 91.5 99.7 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products 103.9 104.0 110.5 109.2 110.9 Manufacture of basic metals 99.4 97.6 96.2 101.1 106.5 Manufacture of electrical machinery and apparatus, n.e.c. 102.5 104.7 109.1 108.9 114.1 Manufacture of other transport equipment 99.7 103.7 102.1 105.3 115.7 Manufacture of furniture, Manufacturing, n.e.c. 101.6 102.6 105.5 117.6 122.1

Electricity and Water Supply 96.2 87.6 84.8 84.9 85.0 Electricity 95.7 86.3 82.8 83.2 83.1 Collection, purification and distribution of water 100.6 99.6 103.9 101.3 102.9

Note: n.e.c. – Not elsewhere classified Source : Department of Census and Statistics 69 prices and wages

Table 7.5 Average Retail Prices of Selected Consumer Items 2009 – 2018 Rupees

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Rice, kg. Samba (Highest) 74.97 75.56 71.82 70.33 71.90 83.83 90.25 95.58 101.58 112.67 Par Boiled (Highest) 63.24 61.37 60.51 60.09 62.04 75.75 76.73 76.69 90.59 90.01 Kekulu (Highest) 61.65 59.41 55.33 56.63 58.33 71.92 74.85 69.60 86.03 83.29 Up Country Vegetables, kg Beans 90.45 114.91 144.69 125.45 130.31 134.03 195.82 183.39 176.78 203.73 Carrot 90.61 108.24 124.06 121.12 131.03 133.37 182.54 168.30 176.58 220.60 Beet Root 81.79 94.92 103.25 101.88 99.31 104.50 131.40 129.69 125.89 137.34 Cabbage 61.57 76.12 85.24 80.99 87.31 88.57 113.86 115.48 118.60 132.44 Leeks 79.65 101.09 96.23 110.93 115.73 114.69 166.35 143.24 138.26 194.75 Low Country Vegetables, kg Pumpkin 48.03 52.45 59.84 64.30 63.00 66.70 78.18 84.79 95.77 85.81 Brinjals 54.42 65.32 82.20 76.17 76.83 84.75 101.12 100.96 117.35 123.58 Capsicum 115.61 142.38 164.17 145.18 151.87 161.71 223.61 213.51 229.71 236.47 Limes 102.10 131.70 172.20 198.53 232.59 176.66 237.85 372.38 248.27 292.31 Leafy Vegetables, 1 bundle Mukunuwenna 15.16 16.00 18.14 19.35 20.71 21.52 24.11 26.35 27.58 29.97 Kan-kun 14.10 14.67 16.79 17.94 19.73 20.60 23.09 25.16 26.30 29.26 Gotukola 14.60 15.43 17.87 18.39 19.34 20.17 22.38 25.04 26.39 29.20 Katuru Murunga 14.89 15.10 17.00 18.08 19.83 20.50 22.52 24.87 26.23 29.41 Yams, kg Potatoes 89.81 96.12 108.12 110.60 117.42 121.26 125.96 134.74 145.90 142.02 Manioc 35.71 37.25 47.21 49.85 50.44 52.92 56.99 61.62 72.59 65.28 Sweet Potatoes 46.63 51.08 58.34 59.68 64.33 66.75 80.59 82.27 85.23 94.80 Meat and Eggs, kg Beef 365.14 395.96 415.97 441.15 472.24 497.29 539.55 650.60 747.09 851.12 Mutton 694.21 737.39 780.93 897.75 1,056.37 1,139.17 1,245.27 1,432.51 1,655.50 1,743.00 Chicken (Ordinary) 332.38 398.70 383.09 389.88 411.82 420.27 458.79 496.94 498.80 540.07 Eggs (Farm - each) 10.08 14.45 13.00 11.81 14.56 13.55 14.94 16.19 14.19 15.61 Sea Fish, kg Seer – Thora 722.10 728.45 834.87 926.20 1,007.71 1,030.13 1,070.95 1,173.76 1,221.96 1,241.44 Trevally – Paraw 520.41 541.10 590.58 642.99 675.48 697.23 725.97 770.46 815.75 792.12 Skip Jack – Balaya 407.04 426.47 459.32 492.82 509.80 528.05 559.38 601.10 596.02 562.68 Tuna – Kelawalla 519.24 548.30 595.06 650.00 680.70 711.20 753.22 802.07 850.57 858.29 Shark – Mora 408.60 434.21 479.71 519.06 556.55 579.23 603.51 645.76 675.38 734.64 Sardine – Salaya 150.34 156.62 161.25 170.06 182.54 177.25 181.92 195.82 201.18 213.31 Dried Fish, kg Seer – Thora 738.95 772.39 839.36 982.49 1,092.87 1,117.16 1,140.73 1,213.61 1,256.88 1,310.67 Shark – Mora 543.70 594.39 656.48 753.77 834.35 861.14 889.07 941.71 978.26 1,039.35 Skip Jack – Balaya 451.81 486.28 543.61 623.65 662.20 693.03 717.22 747.16 740.10 729.43 Queen Fish – Kattawa 688.23 704.76 767.34 862.98 919.32 944.45 971.34 1,040.80 1,078.03 1,142.54 Sprats 330.62 316.24 325.07 388.08 578.03 495.14 493.22 573.50 613.53 670.99 Canned and Preserved Fish, (425g) Tinned Fish (Captain) 199.14 193.94 220.42 233.49 240.87 242.87 236.58 224.58 205.78 289.55 Tinned Fish (Other) 198.16 172.62 198.71 197.51 201.04 193.77 153.25 148.49 146.76 162.42 Pulses, kg Green Gram 132.86 205.81 198.10 224.37 271.56 299.73 252.11 228.94 234.31 229.64 Dhal – Mysore 133.85 164.28 149.25 142.57 153.58 161.37 181.88 183.29 167.56 128.95 Cowpea (Best) 130.38 171.47 203.80 220.78 238.17 217.98 236.06 239.38 272.66 260.62 Condiments, kg Dried Chillies 214.79 202.22 275.01 231.48 228.00 230.85 275.76 349.26 259.07 281.90 Pepper 482.40 498.00 781.70 1,237.63 1,076.80 1,320.54 1,489.80 1,594.28 1,510.30 1,216.93 Tamarind 113.80 136.20 242.80 219.35 215.00 228.13 274.19 305.56 349.61 324.19 Coriander 297.70 294.10 282.80 268.42 285.40 369.17 329.38 309.91 290.63 266.05 Turmeric (Dried) 342.20 763.10 824.00 672.52 689.93 687.19 671.18 677.69 692.04 704.14 Garlic 109.60 286.30 226.00 216.59 227.85 201.42 234.92 368.89 396.10 243.37 Washed Salt (1 Pkt) 34.49 33.22 32.72 32.57 33.07 34.58 34.80 55.28 61.13 60.59 Chillie Powder (100g) 33.41 35.18 40.49 40.06 40.21 40.61 43.93 49.87 48.80 49.98 Raw Ginger 293.90 311.00 290.20 288.32 394.17 526.35 429.88 396.84 702.76 689.63 Spices, kg Red Onion 101.85 99.81 142.25 108.13 171.87 102.46 125.91 123.39 236.50 180.61 Cummin Seed 473.90 521.00 562.30 593.62 638.91 642.11 638.42 661.80 684.64 753.26 Fennel Seed 291.90 310.60 361.70 383.33 388.76 386.79 411.29 434.90 466.84 519.46 Mathe Seed 213.40 230.80 232.20 255.90 273.97 288.28 306.02 321.43 321.93 345.17 Cinnamon Quills 906.60 972.70 1,151.10 1,551.40 1,817.27 1,810.70 1,890.27 2,021.74 2,394.81 2,865.36 Contd. 70 prices and wages

Table 7.5 (Contd.) Average Retail Prices of Selected Consumer Items 2009 – 2018 Rupees

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Coconut Coconut (Medium), each 22.03 30.48 36.41 29.61 40.17 40.05 45.30 39.70 61.46 63.27 Coconut Oil, 750 ml 139.50 173.44 211.75 174.18 197.67 210.77 203.17 209.20 265.28 268.24 Fruits, kg Pineapple (Murusi) 87.56 106.51 112.25 114.37 112.51 110.73 121.20 150.04 178.73 150.67 Banana – Kolikuttu 101.41 128.36 129.08 129.74 133.64 125.51 145.06 176.87 197.44 177.94 Banana – Ambul 46.25 56.41 55.33 57.73 61.70 57.51 63.90 74.84 99.01 89.67 Papaw 51.80 51.41 58.46 61.51 63.64 61.38 84.30 83.79 79.66 79.78 Milk Food and Beverages Fresh Milk (Dairy), 750 ml 52.77 54.44 59.14 65.36 69.97 73.12 76.96 81.70 84.98 86.77 Tea (BOP) (1 kg) 648.20 729.90 789.00 822.45 936.64 1,024.85 1,122.02 1,145.63 1,222.04 1,455.18 Coffee Powder (1 kg) 1,033.10 1,113.60 1,113.00 1,138.66 1,156.55 1,177.64 1,179.13 1,295.63 1,643.99 2,046.00 Lakspray (400g) 243.39 227.43 249.71 289.11 316.96 379.40 329.76 324.78 324.70 326.01 Anchor (400g) 258.60 234.46 256.46 300.37 324.67 379.77 330.27 324.58 324.26 326.81 Lactogen (1) (400g) 315.27 316.65 333.49 372.38 402.19 460.73 464.95 464.91 480.71 542.69 Lactogen (2) (400g) 275.21 278.54 299.48 343.60 415.72 439.73 440.01 439.93 458.78 531.83 Milk Maid (397g) 128.66 133.18 145.14 173.71 184.59 188.53 195.42 206.93 214.22 215.12 Tobacco and Tobacco Products, each Chewing Tobacco – Jaffna 55.25 55.55 56.15 58.44 62.14 63.86 61.96 66.43 75.53 73.51 Cigarettes – Bristol 13.97 14.88 16.67 18.81 20.45 – 20.01 24.66 34.99 35.00 Soap, tablet Sunlight (each) 27.05 27.00 28.83 33.95 36.90 39.60 40.00 40.87 43.83 45.96 Kohomba (each) 32.00 32.22 33.61 36.78 38.71 40.35 41.00 42.64 50.59 55.61 Signal Toothpaste – med. (65g) 52.28 52.84 54.68 59.62 63.13 67.15 70.00 70.00 73.26 79.31 Fuel and Light Kerosene, 1 litre 51.19 51.38 59.65 103.73 107.25 99.82 61.70 54.13 48.97 61.22 Fire Wood, 50 kg 314.12 349.78 361.75 401.73 437.01 454.24 452.79 510.97 517.08 582.50 LP Gas (Cylinder – 13 kg) 1,510.32 1,689.10 1,931.28 2,254.27 2,458.32 2,381.84 1,628.03 1,413.51 1,416.70 1,564.83 Bakery Products Bread (loaf) 37.44 40.16 48.80 55.17 59.46 59.74 53.87 56.64 57.71 60.19 Cereal Preparations (bought from outside) Hopper (each) 9.05 9.47 10.36 11.07 11.56 11.84 11.09 11.60 12.38 13.11 String Hopper (each) 2.35 2.60 2.85 3.02 3.22 3.28 3.23 3.46 3.70 4.17 Other Cereal Preparation Wheat Flour (1 kg) 71.40 69.75 83.56 91.07 98.05 98.07 86.29 90.20 89.89 90.82 Kurakkan Flour (400g) – 60.00 62.04 88.53 126.63 131.49 132.70 136.24 143.85 146.85 Rice Flour (400g) 39.39 45.96 45.47 47.61 49.28 49.96 52.20 42.28 48.05 63.07 Fats & Oil Margarine (Astra) (250g) 118.54 121.35 134.41 149.70 168.84 182.96 189.12 193.33 206.66 224.27 Butter (Anchor) 248.57 259.61 300.83 313.20 342.10 459.57 494.99 494.80 501.15 544.27 Butter (Highland) 152.09 162.30 195.10 242.51 251.04 250.36 272.17 332.68 368.14 378.87 Sugar Sugar (White) (1 kg) 78.61 93.79 97.37 100.63 102.37 101.95 86.92 100.14 106.73 107.74 Preserved Food Papadam (1 Pkt) 22.75 26.73 32.02 35.83 39.99 39.24 41.15 42.44 46.57 59.28 Jam (Woodapple) MD (485g) 164.74 187.60 197.69 220.68 252.06 274.54 296.53 317.37 331.84 339.15 Marmite (115g) 200.44 203.77 212.92 237.51 228.24 233.15 256.13 266.93 291.20 296.60 Dates (1 kg) 192.47 206.04 215.12 223.98 271.84 315.44 340.60 388.82 437.59 436.43 Soya Meat (Delmage) (90g) 44.15 45.67 46.39 48.35 54.85 57.85 61.47 62.68 64.82 65.00 Non-Alcoholic Beverages Orange Barley (400 ml) 29.36 29.88 31.21 35.11 39.46 44.05 45.01 46.77 49.54 60.52 Plain Tea (1 Cup) 10.23 10.73 11.13 11.85 13.63 14.37 12.56 13.63 14.95 15.75

(a) Provisional Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka 71 prices and wages

Table 7.6 Average Retail Prices of Selected Food Items by Provinces 2017 and 2018 Rs. per kg.

North North Sabara- All Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Island

2017

Ash Plantains 119.44 111.67 99.72 79.23 105.82 97.47 92.68 109.95 99.23 103.29 Beans 184.47 161.80 185.56 184.17 165.49 183.93 182.08 164.47 156.71 176.78 Cabbage 134.48 102.05 131.21 122.78 113.56 112.42 115.77 105.45 101.10 118.60 Carrot 183.55 165.09 182.88 184.75 182.45 174.32 187.51 166.53 140.68 176.58 Pumpkin 100.55 104.65 109.41 71.39 89.02 85.74 98.05 101.32 89.42 95.77 Snake gourd 135.09 107.61 130.64 94.92 105.00 112.84 109.94 114.19 101.39 115.69 Brinjals 125.53 119.59 119.28 120.94 113.17 113.28 109.59 115.54 100.26 117.35 Tomatoes 153.35 134.73 139.97 141.54 144.08 134.96 140.32 127.02 122.59 140.00 Rice (Samba) 99.55 102.15 104.18 102.09 106.07 98.30 97.62 105.86 102.07 101.58 Rice (Kekulu) 85.83 88.57 81.02 88.37 84.72 89.19 86.72 83.32 86.55 86.03 Red Onions 251.81 239.24 272.21 196.29 211.90 226.65 231.02 263.12 232.50 236.50 Big Onions 123.19 118.22 113.46 120.08 113.68 122.49 118.85 117.45 128.14 119.02 Potatoes 156.97 146.00 148.99 114.42 147.06 138.94 136.48 151.53 151.64 145.90 Dried Chillies 258.41 257.56 252.43 255.42 296.46 260.32 249.68 265.29 246.60 259.07 Dhal (Mysore) 166.29 171.70 166.22 165.11 177.08 171.07 160.99 163.16 167.67 167.56 Eggs (Each) 13.73 14.13 13.97 15.17 14.48 13.76 13.83 15.81 13.84 14.19 Coconut 63.75 65.67 63.74 52.30 66.29 55.46 58.51 65.83 59.79 61.46 Kelawalla 956.10 864.42 871.19 449.26 723.28 793.11 872.34 861.82 795.26 850.57 Balaya 664.86 591.02 645.90 421.99 599.73 571.48 495.62 572.21 607.08 596.02 Salaya 221.99 209.65 208.77 188.46 204.55 187.37 148.32 223.99 195.88 201.18

2018(a)

Ash Plantains 128.27 105.96 108.20 78.80 124.37 104.33 114.87 111.95 107.24 108.53 Beans 209.11 186.53 217.98 184.73 211.95 216.22 220.34 194.99 208.14 203.73 Cabbage 143.11 116.55 147.75 125.72 143.24 128.47 134.66 122.44 120.77 132.44 Carrot 226.55 212.02 219.63 224.28 219.49 217.76 236.07 212.63 210.18 220.60 Pumpkin 95.82 82.03 96.19 71.67 90.61 77.92 90.30 88.46 76.48 85.81 Snake gourd 142.04 118.21 129.66 109.62 119.41 121.90 125.13 137.80 114.70 124.69 Brinjals 137.89 125.54 124.30 110.99 127.22 115.68 127.51 125.48 109.56 123.58 Tomatoes 155.46 132.31 136.40 149.29 148.24 141.99 141.49 130.67 147.46 143.71 Rice (Samba) 112.29 113.83 115.45 109.26 114.38 109.71 109.74 116.38 114.89 112.67 Rice (Kekulu) 84.34 87.57 75.04 82.72 84.53 84.25 90.03 76.21 86.95 83.29 Red Onions 206.66 200.47 195.63 155.39 193.36 174.96 170.98 165.91 151.13 180.61 Big Onions 121.45 124.68 107.30 111.73 119.19 111.80 100.81 111.81 112.68 114.82 Potatoes 151.34 141.99 151.78 115.16 137.77 142.49 143.75 147.77 140.07 142.02 Dried Chillies 287.96 278.17 279.91 276.82 289.06 284.22 278.03 288.11 272.12 281.90 Dhal (Mysore) 129.10 132.76 128.03 131.58 136.24 123.41 126.16 123.29 122.56 128.95 Eggs (Each) 15.34 15.24 15.95 16.10 15.39 14.76 15.57 16.15 15.70 15.61 Coconut 66.14 65.45 68.16 56.83 65.73 62.14 62.22 61.75 59.49 63.27 Kelawalla 914.52 846.14 915.43 601.16 794.62 776.80 1,015.77 963.65 793.28 858.29 Balaya 616.08 478.08 644.06 540.09 621.64 418.28 564.55 542.00 559.62 562.68 Salaya 209.83 246.27 227.72 236.21 207.66 164.86 188.20 208.51 174.75 213.31

(a) Provisional Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka 72 prices and wages

Table 7.7 Average Producer Prices of Selected Items 2009 – 2018 Rupees

Commodity 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Paddy, kg. 34.37 31.55 31.09 31.37 33.22 41.12 41.12 38.58 49.07 47.93 Up Country Vegetables, kg Beans 58.79 69.67 98.28 72.98 77.40 83.01 125.74 117.10 112.18 109.39 Carrot 55.63 65.42 67.60 68.95 80.39 81.57 119.69 108.78 112.28 126.14 Beet Root 50.49 58.43 60.07 58.09 59.79 61.02 79.52 82.20 75.26 73.69 Low Country Vegetables, kg Pumpkin (Red) 24.92 27.30 31.28 33.26 31.85 34.83 39.32 43.76 52.25 42.60 Brinjals 36.58 37.61 47.14 43.72 43.39 48.72 56.75 57.90 66.28 65.34 Curry Chillies 78.21 95.01 105.10 90.23 96.36 103.58 151.32 138.73 151.16 132.93 Lime 63.86 59.24 79.48 95.20 116.87 82.46 112.50 207.48 129.57 127.58 Yams, kg Potatoes 67.48 67.56 79.02 76.52 84.29 88.88 93.80 99.78 113.34 88.64 Manioc 22.27 21.53 27.64 28.11 28.91 30.76 33.29 35.75 43.67 36.15 Sweet Potatoes 26.16 29.19 34.02 35.07 36.06 37.74 46.30 47.95 49.65 52.41 Eggs (Farm), each 9.53 12.25 11.09 10.03 12.46 11.77 12.88 14.19 12.47 13.10 Sea Fish, kg Seer – Thora 439.74 449.98 545.93 576.01 644.24 653.12 723.43 793.22 811.22 839.20 Trevally – Paraw 323.31 351.59 397.06 434.63 461.19 460.25 504.49 550.80 590.65 627.74 Skip Jack – Balaya 258.54 268.19 280.32 307.59 309.61 324.29 357.21 391.65 378.12 340.47 Tuna – Kelawalla 302.32 325.60 349.66 412.90 432.85 453.41 478.90 498.73 535.85 528.91 Shark – Mora 258.88 269.75 316.23 368.11 380.00 392.24 425.64 477.22 509.09 496.65 Sardine – Salaya 73.90 78.84 86.18 95.06 105.59 106.39 104.61 108.22 114.88 123.33 Dried Fish, kg Seer – Thora 551.67 518.86 620.08 656.36 649.58 728.71 713.94 829.77 852.67 975.68 Shark – Mora 355.98 367.29 484.82 546.90 574.06 605.48 587.08 675.51 667.78 872.62 Skip Jack – Balaya 342.88 358.86 434.15 521.88 530.56 532.47 537.25 567.16 553.04 515.75 Queen Fish – Kattawa 493.33 514.05 610.16 676.04 657.36 649.95 673.45 724.25 780.91 948.57 Sprats 261.90 244.17 264.78 310.92 509.71 454.87 397.16 446.72 502.07 567.78 Pulses, kg Green Gram 106.06 154.68 157.88 169.99 199.71 225.81 197.38 182.81 183.23 174.30 Cowpea MI 35 (White) 99.15 121.26 145.81 156.31 165.68 145.94 161.71 162.21 177.87 160.84 Sorghum 64.08 66.90 73.67 85.76 120.00 130.19 137.86 138.13 139.77 145.34 Curry Stuff, kg Dried Chillies 183.97 171.48 216.89 180.49 183.47 188.51 217.68 264.25 210.62 206.69 Pepper 305.33 329.44 607.81 848.93 749.72 987.07 1,072.10 1,177.48 931.54 649.68 Turmeric (Dried) 136.70 299.72 344.56 249.10 274.58 308.75 227.89 262.40 304.06 269.32 Spices, kg Red Onion 60.74 64.11 87.97 64.14 108.94 66.55 75.66 74.29 136.14 106.68 Cloves 457.26 504.23 1,203.42 1,184.32 1,181.60 1,361.98 1,052.26 1,041.66 990.03 1,096.64 Cardamom 1,753.85 3,038.98 2,706.62 1,697.18 1,978.62 1,808.33 1,544.86 1,569.59 2,044.35 2,525.81 Cinnamon Quills 581.41 666.73 824.66 954.16 1,006.07 1,060.19 1,132.31 1,345.09 1,598.12 1,743.24 Coconut Coconut, each 18.43 23.82 28.73 22.79 31.14 31.22 34.66 29.19 47.33 47.54 Copra, 250 kg 19,835.54 26,472.00 31,555.86 26,215.38 33,064.98 34,682.00 33,912.33 32,511.68 42,567.42 38,631.94 Coconut Charcoal, 50 kg 1,222.62 1,386.10 1,887.85 1,915.84 2,133.45 2,369.95 2,254.63 2,250.67 2,356.41 2,480.68 Fruits, 50 kg Pineapple 2,164.39 2,681.14 2,989.39 3,031.14 2,735.75 2,723.10 2,868.93 3,354.61 4,382.65 4,482.80 Banana – Kolikuttu 3,152.49 3,627.08 3,751.90 3,750.80 4,014.56 3,747.69 4,196.37 5,139.15 5,766.30 5,253.39 Banana – Ambul 1,408.59 1,550.12 1,485.01 1,535.76 1,700.80 1,567.22 1,696.99 1,975.24 2,636.28 2,383.37 Betel and Arecanut, 1,000 Betel 723.89 810.30 951.81 838.08 857.22 923.41 1,214.12 1,792.10 1,192.29 1,270.61 Arecanut (Seasoned) 1,016.98 1,320.27 1,606.06 1,301.06 1,373.92 1,715.34 2,399.38 2,435.48 1,913.21 2,316.35 Jaggery and Treacle Coconut Jaggery, kg 150.51 144.46 188.04 203.40 229.51 211.61 208.62 238.46 219.35 234.00 Coconut Treacle, 750 ml 177.12 201.09 201.06 254.58 271.16 278.15 289.51 307.06 318.00 264.64 Coffee Seed, kg 212.03 218.22 237.16 248.55 223.33 224.52 241.14 332.69 410.10 480.69 Cocoa, kg 185.22 258.23 317.33 283.59 193.72 236.22 248.36 301.06 300.76 356.16 Tea Leaves, kg 80.90 55.23 54.40 55.47 61.42 69.12 63.69 64.93 88.94 89.11 Building Materials Bricks, 1,000 5,319.82 5,693.01 6,504.33 10,317.25 11,423.24 11,436.49 12,229.93 14,054.92 15,010.47 12,684.72 Sand, cube 3,681.88 3,630.87 4,271.69 4,714.20 4,999.73 4,946.45 5,111.19 5,967.74 7,788.08 8,687.69 Metal ¾”, cube 5,248.48 5,195.31 5,541.74 6,243.18 6,577.43 6,501.87 6,387.03 6,643.85 6,903.74 7,108.21

(a) Provisional Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka 73 prices and wages

Table 7.8 Average Producer Prices of Selected Food Items by Provinces 2017 and 2018 Rs. per kg.

North North Sabara- All Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Island

2017

Ash Plantains 61.81 71.04 47.96 47.64 55.83 49.33 53.06 58.10 54.92 53.98 Pumpkins 85.00 63.97 77.97 41.01 46.64 44.60 53.67 54.44 63.83 52.25 Snake gourd 79.07 71.42 84.74 57.19 58.61 68.05 56.37 61.67 80.71 66.11 Brinjals 67.11 76.22 65.65 77.55 65.82 60.21 56.37 64.81 61.50 66.28 Beans – 107.20 – 117.00 – – 80.00 107.83 136.67 112.18 Cabbages – 60.28 – 56.76 – 31.10 32.31 62.85 – 55.52 Carrot – 113.26 – 119.29 – – – 113.30 101.05 112.28 Tomatoes – 84.74 – 100.63 – 74.64 62.14 79.92 124.74 83.22 Dried Chillies – – – 217.13 194.00 208.46 202.38 – – 210.62 Potatoes – 115.93 – 85.17 – – – 116.47 – 113.34 Red Onions – 109.20 – 134.34 147.31 152.15 158.75 – – 136.14 Big Onions – 74.00 – 101.20 – – 55.71 – – 94.30 Eggs (Farm) (100 Nos.) 1,247.87 1,257.96 1,225.20 1,306.99 1,268.58 1,205.73 1,147.28 1,303.97 1,229.75 1,246.99 Paraw 727.57 – 547.21 490.13 716.23 463.85 – – – 590.65 Balaya 423.18 – 329.55 300.00 467.54 302.39 – – – 378.12 Kelawalla 680.34 – 464.34 332.00 552.34 494.35 – – – 535.85 Salaya 108.65 – 119.38 118.64 131.69 94.44 – – – 114.88

2018(a)

Ash Plantains 62.79 64.11 54.69 46.54 46.12 41.92 58.66 58.46 59.07 54.46 Pumpkins 50.70 46.33 53.64 43.36 31.90 33.33 42.70 40.75 42.78 42.60 Snake gourd 74.58 62.05 79.00 70.68 43.39 75.00 55.95 75.33 67.31 66.12 Brinjals 76.67 71.56 75.86 72.50 50.35 65.62 58.93 57.58 47.35 65.34 Beans – 124.76 – 90.83 – 126.67 128.89 94.48 103.33 109.39 Cabbages – 65.20 – 61.67 – 92.14 45.00 53.33 46.67 64.31 Carrot – 131.47 – 112.50 – – – 130.83 – 126.14 Tomatoes – 72.50 88.80 95.43 – 116.25 62.41 69.00 72.50 76.71 Dried Chillies – – 226.67 212.82 – 178.75 183.64 – – 206.69 Potatoes – 102.86 – 73.75 – 71.67 – 92.08 – 88.64 Red Onions – 201.67 142.86 102.00 112.36 108.89 – – – 106.68 Big Onions – 70.00 – 86.56 – 82.14 66.67 – – 76.08 Eggs (Farm) (100 Nos.) 1,245.11 1,281.00 1,334.48 1,365.58 1,189.74 1,223.53 1,367.50 1,361.90 1,413.04 1,309.82 Paraw 555.91 – 592.14 648.33 765.50 571.67 – – – 627.74 Balaya 347.27 – 316.90 325.00 384.17 354.17 – – – 340.47 Kelawalla 570.00 – 545.52 376.67 498.85 487.50 – – – 528.91 Salaya 118.00 – 124.09 166.15 120.75 88.75 – – – 123.33

(a) Provisional Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka 74 prices and wages

Table 7.9 Retail Prices of Selected Food Items in Selected Districts 2017 Rs. per kg.

Item District Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ave..

Samba Rice Colombo 97.06 96.21 93.74 95.87 96.50 97.97 97.39 98.44 102.14 105.13 106.46 108.53 99.49 Kandy 99.05 90.78 88.94 91.25 94.00 98.00 98.61 99.20 102.69 104.17 103.67 108.19 98.24 Matara 108.75 106.43 105.00 98.57 102.71 104.13 101.94 105.50 104.44 105.88 103.50 105.44 104.41 Anuradhapura 97.44 90.17 91.80 90.88 93.32 96.75 98.50 98.04 101.59 104.45 106.88 107.55 98.25

Kekulu Rice Colombo 89.31 87.35 81.22 82.77 84.40 85.62 85.32 85.18 87.39 87.60 86.43 88.70 85.96 Kandy 91.30 89.75 79.38 81.75 85.44 89.60 89.78 90.20 91.19 92.11 92.44 94.25 89.05 Matara 89.19 79.79 77.88 76.69 77.43 82.63 78.69 79.88 81.25 82.63 82.38 82.31 80.94 Anuradhapura 87.22 79.75 79.00 78.54 80.55 84.38 86.96 87.79 89.73 91.45 93.13 92.59 86.12

Beans Colombo 111.88 175.86 167.35 228.07 220.27 193.89 161.33 165.28 175.83 180.75 190.00 283.75 187.09 Kandy 92.75 147.50 158.89 162.50 156.11 173.50 155.56 145.25 158.44 150.83 163.06 246.11 158.58 Matara 113.75 170.71 169.38 211.88 179.17 183.13 171.25 185.00 197.50 168.75 183.75 315.63 187.85 Anuradhapura 130.00 180.00 165.25 192.50 198.18 222.08 180.00 197.50 195.45 189.00 172.08 244.09 189.68

Cabbage Colombo 77.81 73.33 75.82 138.00 179.00 158.06 157.00 114.44 123.61 151.25 158.33 169.38 129.94 Kandy 53.75 52.78 62.78 92.19 127.78 150.50 124.44 89.00 96.25 110.83 129.44 143.33 102.78 Matara 74.38 76.25 75.00 120.00 128.33 168.75 141.25 124.38 117.50 140.00 163.13 146.88 122.87 Anuradhapura 50.00 49.50 72.25 124.58 150.91 172.50 140.83 97.92 94.55 146.00 157.08 151.82 119.27

Brinjals Colombo 85.63 95.00 75.29 104.00 136.73 136.94 140.00 138.89 147.65 162.19 167.67 187.50 130.90 Kandy 74.00 77.22 73.33 90.94 125.56 161.50 135.00 122.00 125.63 129.44 151.67 173.89 120.21 Matara 62.50 71.88 62.50 88.75 111.43 131.25 109.38 107.50 123.75 154.38 153.75 187.86 112.98 Anuradhapura 64.00 74.50 55.25 81.04 105.23 135.00 121.88 110.42 124.55 138.00 175.00 167.27 113.86

Pumpkins Colombo 91.06 95.11 100.00 108.00 102.67 128.24 135.67 92.22 81.76 88.75 95.67 94.06 100.79 Kandy 83.50 90.31 87.50 92.19 93.89 133.75 129.72 90.00 100.31 89.17 100.00 106.39 99.95 Matara 85.00 95.00 101.25 107.50 97.14 120.00 141.25 106.25 105.00 101.25 110.63 108.75 106.68 Anuradhapura 76.25 86.67 95.00 101.67 105.00 117.08 131.25 88.33 67.50 103.25 112.08 106.36 99.98

Red Onion Colombo 165.00 148.50 147.27 199.67 285.00 293.89 252.86 220.00 280.83 293.75 364.38 463.75 254.22 Kandy 122.81 133.75 130.56 197.81 255.63 348.06 290.83 195.25 288.13 334.44 347.38 388.75 252.56 Matara 120.00 117.50 140.00 163.75 260.00 310.00 202.50 185.83 215.00 330.00 388.33 432.50 236.44 Anuradhapura 128.33 125.00 131.94 159.17 201.50 281.50 260.00 198.33 284.55 347.00 362.00 352.14 236.76

Big Onion(a) Colombo 97.31 98.13 99.81 101.73 99.43 101.02 108.81 129.40 135.19 141.82 160.98 161.74 119.12 Kandy 93.43 94.81 87.22 89.93 84.92 88.86 96.00 124.28 129.42 128.22 140.75 153.65 112.82 Matara 84.38 88.13 84.06 87.81 85.71 89.38 86.25 126.25 119.69 126.43 151.19 154.53 114.23 Anuradhapura 93.76 93.25 101.43 98.23 98.64 96.65 107.00 122.13 132.31 130.03 154.59 150.95 117.75

Potatoes Colombo 155.83 151.67 138.00 171.67 173.18 166.43 171.54 169.69 160.00 148.93 143.08 156.43 158.49 Kandy 149.35 149.67 129.67 151.44 154.50 157.75 156.94 163.25 152.94 140.56 126.11 131.67 147.16 Matara 140.71 143.57 134.06 157.50 162.14 154.38 158.57 164.17 152.50 140.00 134.38 134.29 147.67 Anuradhapura 121.43 122.50 126.88 132.05 144.00 147.22 147.50 144.69 147.75 139.17 136.00 135.71 137.52

Dried Chillies Colombo 301.72 282.06 287.17 267.00 259.33 261.11 263.14 249.41 263.24 270.36 257.67 260.33 268.51 Kandy 288.50 271.11 258.33 221.88 225.00 216.00 216.94 222.25 234.38 236.67 236.67 251.25 240.09 Matara 340.63 282.50 275.63 226.88 230.00 225.63 215.63 220.00 226.88 233.13 231.25 235.63 245.47 Anuradhapura 316.11 278.25 270.00 251.67 235.00 231.46 228.75 233.13 233.18 240.65 247.92 245.45 249.08

Kelawalla Colombo 856.33 865.33 853.24 918.67 989.33 990.28 985.67 1,039.12 1,009.71 940.63 904.67 993.57 946.67 Kandy 803.00 784.44 815.00 873.13 810.56 841.88 920.71 930.56 842.14 863.75 768.33 883.13 842.03 Matara 933.33 905.00 885.83 903.33 927.50 970.00 860.83 920.00 875.00 880.00 830.00 942.50 903.53 Anuradhapura 868.75 820.00 923.33 865.83 870.56 1,015.50 940.83 908.33 873.64 898.33 827.50 929.09 895.60

Hurulla Colombo 437.00 430.00 434.71 459.33 453.33 482.65 415.71 427.35 427.78 393.33 385.77 415.00 430.98 Kandy 425.56 428.21 435.00 441.88 428.13 497.50 462.22 433.00 400.63 435.63 418.06 421.25 435.60 Matara 460.00 490.00 360.00 485.00 546.67 496.67 463.33 456.00 417.00 415.00 416.00 408.00 449.78 Anuradhapura 365.56 406.67 347.00 394.17 416.25 398.50 380.45 358.18 365.00 336.11 340.91 368.00 372.22

Eggs (Farm) Colombo 13.94 14.66 14.59 14.39 12.37 13.17 14.31 13.25 13.25 12.47 14.22 14.06 13.71 (each) Kandy 14.35 14.44 14.64 14.25 13.03 13.78 14.39 13.58 13.88 12.92 14.39 14.17 13.98 Matara 14.63 14.71 14.31 15.44 13.79 13.00 14.38 14.00 13.75 12.25 13.50 14.00 13.97 Anuradhapura 14.65 14.14 14.41 14.33 13.62 13.03 13.38 13.07 13.19 12.35 13.42 14.27 13.63

Coconut Colombo 55.13 59.50 61.00 64.50 64.00 61.03 56.93 59.68 66.92 77.50 81.83 79.64 65.40 (each) Kandy 49.75 56.94 62.44 66.88 66.50 62.00 61.39 58.75 64.06 72.50 81.39 80.56 65.03 Matara 56.88 64.06 70.63 66.81 67.00 62.50 60.36 59.69 66.06 75.94 80.71 87.50 67.72 Anuradhapura 42.00 49.75 49.65 58.13 53.18 53.54 50.63 52.42 63.18 70.83 76.88 74.90 57.86

(a) Average of local and imported Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka 75 prices and wages

Table 7.10 Retail Prices of Selected Food Items in Selected Districts 2018 Rs. per kg.

Item District Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ave..

Samba Rice Colombo 110.75 110.25 109.81 113.18 113.63 112.83 113.00 111.25 111.56 114.30 115.31 114.88 112.65 Kandy 111.22 110.63 110.86 111.50 110.50 111.38 115.50 114.75 114.50 115.00 111.25 110.40 112.36 Matara 107.00 100.00 102.50 109.78 114.50 117.75 107.13 108.13 120.00 118.20 122.14 120.00 111.68 Anuradhapura 108.22 108.75 109.00 108.22 108.71 108.43 108.22 109.50 111.13 109.20 112.25 113.89 109.64

Kekulu Rice Colombo 83.85 80.58 84.60 86.24 86.44 85.75 83.05 85.94 81.75 79.80 80.44 114.88 83.17 Kandy 91.67 89.88 92.50 86.86 92.63 92.50 90.40 85.00 83.50 83.50 86.50 110.40 88.34 Matara 79.30 76.00 74.83 76.25 73.75 74.50 69.50 72.38 71.75 73.00 74.00 120.00 74.41 Anuradhapura 96.89 97.13 96.25 92.56 96.29 96.29 92.44 88.63 85.63 81.90 83.13 113.89 90.70

Beans Colombo 246.00 167.50 153.33 143.68 191.88 293.75 275.00 217.81 131.88 200.50 281.88 199.00 206.92 Kandy 183.75 165.00 102.86 86.00 176.25 297.50 216.00 157.50 112.50 149.00 190.00 159.00 165.83 Matara 256.00 205.00 146.25 135.00 200.00 310.00 288.00 182.50 157.50 200.00 294.29 228.00 216.57 Anuradhapura 252.50 195.00 180.00 134.44 198.57 306.43 282.22 206.25 150.00 190.00 295.00 182.22 212.68

Cabbage Colombo 120.67 87.50 90.00 111.58 111.88 162.08 200.00 171.44 155.00 142.50 180.63 169.00 143.07 Kandy 82.22 68.75 62.86 54.00 75.63 87.50 130.00 130.00 115.00 90.00 140.00 126.00 96.84 Matara 144.00 92.50 81.25 88.00 136.25 212.50 214.00 140.00 135.00 158.00 220.00 179.00 150.00 Anuradhapura 101.25 66.25 67.50 70.00 114.29 177.14 210.00 148.75 141.25 121.00 186.25 145.00 128.94

Brinjals Colombo 178.67 103.13 108.00 103.16 116.25 158.33 142.00 138.13 129.38 140.00 190.00 160.00 138.46 Kandy 133.33 82.50 107.14 73.00 83.75 117.50 99.00 97.50 102.50 104.00 153.75 139.00 107.69 Matara 152.00 81.25 102.50 89.00 128.75 160.00 134.00 95.00 117.50 134.00 145.71 126.00 122.38 Anuradhapura 145.00 95.00 102.50 75.56 88.57 148.57 111.11 97.50 112.50 132.00 180.00 157.78 120.61

Pumpkins Colombo n.a. n.a. n.a. 81.43 66.88 82.50 90.00 108.75 96.25 94.25 114.38 107.50 94.96 Kandy n.a. n.a. n.a. 40.00 48.57 58.75 52.00 92.50 77.50 82.00 78.75 67.78 68.59 Matara n.a. n.a. n.a. 70.00 80.00 68.75 76.67 82.50 92.50 94.00 114.29 92.00 85.95 Anuradhapura n.a. n.a. n.a. 42.50 74.29 67.14 96.67 108.57 81.25 79.44 106.25 81.25 84.40

Red Onion Colombo 356.67 307.14 257.14 237.14 226.67 216.25 204.67 177.50 168.33 157.65 187.50 194.62 225.95 Kandy 398.75 288.00 187.50 167.50 163.75 165.00 155.71 167.50 147.50 143.50 159.38 166.00 190.65 Matara 328.57 300.00 230.00 191.43 220.00 170.00 192.00 175.00 151.43 160.00 165.71 178.00 201.55 Anuradhapura 246.67 202.00 174.29 170.00 172.50 175.00 200.00 132.00 110.00 124.00 160.00 168.57 167.50

Big Onion(a) Colombo 136.17 124.48 127.50 95.39 109.48 115.00 121.75 118.75 112.66 115.58 127.19 114.53 117.64 Kandy 140.00 128.75 86.07 73.50 93.19 95.00 99.25 106.88 103.13 102.50 112.50 107.50 101.72 Matara 138.13 125.63 86.56 62.50 91.88 102.50 106.50 107.50 102.50 106.58 120.77 106.50 107.61 Anuradhapura 132.22 104.25 75.00 60.00 81.55 97.86 105.60 100.69 93.69 94.70 118.13 105.14 98.13

Potatoes Colombo 125.33 116.25 129.33 140.00 152.50 168.33 183.50 179.38 155.63 144.50 174.69 164.21 153.18 Kandy 116.67 122.50 99.29 111.50 120.63 135.00 151.00 186.88 147.50 119.00 170.00 165.00 136.89 Matara 118.00 137.50 123.75 131.00 160.00 168.57 169.00 167.50 170.00 162.00 168.57 164.00 152.60 Anuradhapura 141.25 117.00 105.86 107.78 145.00 160.00 160.00 140.00 123.00 123.00 142.86 143.33 131.04

Dried Chillies Colombo 249.33 250.63 256.67 293.16 290.63 288.33 298.50 315.31 311.56 324.50 318.13 337.00 296.52 Kandy 249.44 253.75 262.86 268.00 262.50 265.63 280.00 288.75 285.00 280.00 283.75 297.00 273.56 Matara 253.00 248.75 253.75 280.00 285.00 285.00 291.00 295.00 292.50 291.00 282.86 289.50 279.10 Anuradhapura 262.22 252.50 245.00 255.56 270.00 285.71 290.00 266.25 257.50 271.00 265.00 273.33 266.20

Kelawalla Colombo 935.87 947.33 952.00 945.26 1,010.71 1,033.33 1,102.35 1,020.00 953.75 872.00 952.50 915.79 965.12 Kandy 826.67 901.25 917.14 917.00 1,025.71 1,103.33 1,100.00 826.67 802.86 874.44 775.00 987.14 922.53 Matara 1,018.00 1,006.25 1,007.50 958.00 1,012.50 1,122.50 1,078.00 1,097.50 1,066.25 1,064.00 1,050.00 1,069.00 1,044.95 Anuradhapura 1,080.00 1,097.50 1,043.75 1,051.11 1,181.43 1,090.00 1,122.50 1,157.14 980.00 906.00 1,030.00 1,035.00 1,058.42

Hurulla Colombo 450.40 453.75 438.67 406.11 454.00 476.36 523.00 519.29 513.75 360.00 341.33 415.00 640.70 Kandy 422.22 425.00 437.14 416.00 425.00 525.71 505.00 472.86 395.00 368.00 385.00 400.00 600.97 Matara 427.00 453.75 433.75 436.67 528.75 531.43 532.00 560.00 551.43 509.00 471.43 481.25 584.33 Anuradhapura 365.71 372.50 362.86 370.00 371.43 394.00 418.00 459.17 400.00 350.00 350.00 387.50 586.34

Eggs (Farm) Colombo 12.80 13.16 13.33 13.34 13.56 14.67 17.13 17.94 16.94 14.55 15.06 18.93 15.22 (each) Kandy 12.67 12.63 13.36 13.10 13.88 15.50 16.30 18.00 17.38 15.10 15.31 17.60 15.10 Matara 13.70 13.38 12.88 13.80 14.75 14.50 17.10 18.63 18.63 16.70 16.43 19.30 15.84 Anuradhapura 13.06 13.50 13.19 12.72 13.36 14.93 16.94 18.44 17.25 16.00 15.81 18.56 15.37

Coconut Colombo 78.00 74.38 72.33 74.47 75.94 75.42 71.05 63.75 59.38 57.75 60.00 58.50 67.94 (each) Kandy 67.78 71.25 69.29 73.00 71.88 73.75 61.50 55.00 52.50 52.50 55.00 52.00 62.69 Matara 76.50 87.50 88.13 91.50 90.63 87.50 76.00 61.25 63.13 49.50 51.43 53.50 72.90 Anuradhapura 70.89 70.63 74.38 75.00 82.86 77.14 62.22 55.00 50.63 50.00 51.25 51.67 63.73

(a) Average of local and imported Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka n.a. – Not available 76 prices and wages

Table 7.11 Nominal Wage Rate Indices 1966 – 2018 1978 December = 100

Workers in Wages Boards Government Employees(a)

Year Workers Workers in Workers Central Government All Non-Executive Minor in Industry and in Government School Workers Officers Employees Agriculture Commerce Services Employees Teachers

1966 24.2 34.5 – 25.3 52.2 42.2 46.0 57.6 1967 25.1 36.3 – 26.2 53.5 44.1 47.7 58.6 1968 29.0 42.3 – 30.2 59.7 52.8 55.4 63.6 1969 29.0 42.3 – 30.2 61.6 54.4 57.2 65.0 1970 29.3 43.4 – 30.6 67.0 59.2 62.2 69.2 1971 29.6 46.1 – 31.1 67.0 59.2 62.2 69.2 1972 31.0 47.5 – 33.6 67.1 59.4 62.4 69.2 1973 35.1 52.2 – 36.4 69.5 62.9 65.4 70.6 1974 43.9 62.0 – 45.5 77.4 71.4 73.7 78.0 1975 50.4 72.0 – 52.4 84.2 79.8 81.5 84.3 1976 51.5 73.9 – 53.6 88.2 84.9 86.2 89.1 1977 64.8 79.5 – 66.2 89.2 86.2 87.3 90.6 1978 94.2 98.8 – 94.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1979 123.1 111.3 113.9 119.6 115.6 118.7 117.2 112.3 1980 153.6 138.8 130.5 147.3 126.0 132.0 129.1 120.1 1981 153.9 151.0 146.4 152.2 140.9 151.1 146.1 133.1 1982 181.2 161.0 169.7 175.8 180.6 194.7 187.8 166.4 1983 198.7 163.1 177.8 188.8 204.6 226.2 215.7 188.1 1984 250.3 183.3 190.7 228.8 231.4 260.9 246.6 211.4 1985 273.5 203.9 190.7 247.9 264.4 303.2 284.3 247.3 1986 288.1 224.3 190.7 261.3 276.6 317.2 297.4 247.3 1987 302.3 256.3 196.6 277.7 276.6 317.2 297.4 247.3 1988 378.4 271.7 229.5 335.8 364.0 414.1 390.0 331.5 1989 435.9 334.9 245.9 388.1 396.0 444.6 421.8 367.8 1990 517.2 379.5 267.8 453.5 439.6 513.5 476.8 404.5 1991 577.7 459.6 336.5 518.8 488.2 582.3 534.6 444.8 1992 664.1 510.8 365.9 590.0 507.2 609.9 557.6 461.8 1993 803.7 528.7 365.9 685.8 622.1 728.3 675.5 567.1 1994 821.5 555.8 431.4 712.4 692.7 772.3 735.5 595.6 1995 830.9 651.6 456.7 740.3 749.4 828.1 792.5 760.5 1996 907.9 682.8 559.7 801.7 757.1 878.7 818.2 760.5 1997 971.8 710.8 487.2 849.1 842.9 966.7 906.5 778.5 1998 1,097.7 807.7 506.4 953.3 959.6 1,029.1 1,001.4 805.5 1999 1,116.0 829.2 559.7 977.6 959.6 1,029.1 1,001.4 805.5 2000 1,142.7 857.2 559.7 1,000.4 1,031.3 1,125.8 1,084.7 865.1 2001 1,176.4 919.7 657.6 1,049.3 1,225.9 1,388.2 1,310.8 1,026.8 2002 1,269.6 986.5 678.0 1,126.5 1,410.3 1,636.7 1,525.0 1,180.1 2003 1,382.2 1,009.4 678.0 1,205.2 1,410.3 1,636.7 1,525.0 1,180.1 2004 1,397.7 1,044.1 751.0 1,233.0 1,709.0 2,039.5 1,872.1 1,428.4 2005 1,527.4 1,078.4 779.7 1,329.7 2,178.4 2,672.4 2,417.5 1,818.6 2006 1,567.1 1,090.7 779.7 1,358.2 2,853.8 3,463.0 3,150.8 2,304.2 2007 1,821.4 1,522.4 1,057.1 1,648.8 3,493.4 4,172.7 3,828.4 2,740.0 2008 2,286.6 1,877.5 1,370.8 2,070.4 3,749.5 4,494.7 4,116.1 2,938.6 2009 2,349.4 2,054.0 1,545.8 2,171.4 4,082.4 4,943.5 4,502.8 3,215.3 2010 3,327.6 2,199.0 1,673.3 2,865.3 4,210.4 5,116.1 4,651.6 3,321.7 2011 3,427.2 2,402.1 1,851.8 2,996.1 4,490.1 5,465.1 4,964.5 3,576.1 2012 4,433.0 2,402.1 1,851.8 3,662.0 4,803.6 5,831.8 5,304.7 3,821.8 2013 4,435.9 3,191.6 2,241.5 3,869.2 5,035.6 6,130.5 5,568.3 4,011.0 2014 4,560.9 3,459.1 2,313.2 4,012.2 5,462.2 6,691.7 6,058.0 4,361.9 2015 4,734.4 3,459.1 2,313.2 4,127.1 7,152.1 8,970.2 8,021.6 5,766.6 2016 4,735.7 3,459.1 2,313.2 4,127.9 7,413.0 9,341.6 8,333.2 6,067.7 2017 4,736.7 3,459.1 2,313.2 4,128.6 7,413.0 9,341.6 8,333.2 6,067.7 2018(b) 4,748.8 3,545.3 2,331.2 4,155.2

(a) This series was discontined from May 2018, and was replaced by Sources : Department of Labour Public Sector Wage Rate Index (2012=100) Central Bank of Sri Lanka (b) Provisional 77 prices and wages

Table 7.12 Average Daily Wage Rates in Selected Activities 2009 – 2018 Rupees

Type of Activity 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a) Labour

Paddy Ploughing with Ploughs M 657 702 731 844 939 1,070 1,129 1,197 1,295 1,446 Ploughing with Mammoties M 576 632 700 795 885 940 1,045 1,128 1,229 1,383 Sowing M 574 637 705 783 879 931 1,041 1,134 1,237 1,346 Transplanting and Harvesting M 554 619 677 753 818 885 970 1,073 1,150 1,321 F 445 479 537 597 653 695 749 783 835 1,017 Manuring M 573 639 702 776 850 912 1,012 1,122 1,224 1,351 Spraying M 635 714 760 848 950 1,050 1,172 1,264 1,399 1,512 Threshing M 599 674 714 784 916 981 1,077 1,157 1,266 1,523 Winnowing M 581 623 682 775 857 922 1,019 1,095 1,174 1,367 F 424 454 508 586 662 687 795 864 909 1,054 Coconut Digging Pits M 626 661 744 841 943 1,013 1,096 1,165 1,270 1,267 Planting M 588 631 699 805 901 954 1,024 1,108 1,202 1,193 F 419 443 509 581 663 668 710 742 822 1,053 Plucking M 816 875 991 1,114 1,281 1,361 1,352 1,434 1,523 1,655 Collecting Nuts M 503 542 597 687 748 791 856 896 972 1,136 F 368 417 451 520 581 602 646 660 703 827 Husking M 652 690 775 894 1,000 1,076 1,129 1,200 1,305 1,324

Tea Preparing Land M 479 532 610 683 759 817 888 947 1,065 1,267 Planting M 470 525 611 679 748 805 869 937 1,073 1,267 F 355 392 449 511 580 628 667 703 809 925 Manuring M 486 544 617 684 760 820 875 953 1,085 1,293 Weeding M 468 525 583 661 728 781 854 916 1,036 1,223 F 356 394 443 514 570 622 671 705 798 935 Pruning M 552 605 697 776 854 929 1,019 1,083 1,246 1,381 Plucking M 396 444 491 548 620 637 679 703 790 860 F 395 353 395 435 489 524 555 582 672 793

Rubber Uprooting and Cleaning M 501 550 606 687 763 823 878 975 1,103 1,263 Planting M 519 566 639 732 851 890 941 979 1,118 1,193 Pruning M 496 554 639 728 816 852 888 924 1,047 1,188 Manuring M 573 633 714 789 907 938 998 1,061 1,194 1,330 Tapping M 417 477 531 586 653 614 610 632 707 835 F 373 433 483 533 594 566 548 579 665 783

Building Construction Carpentry Master Carpenter M 922 1,003 1,115 1,248 1,334 1,407 1,487 1,619 1,794 1,970 Skilled Helper M 666 732 809 913 995 1,053 1,135 1,241 1,374 1,452 Unskilled Helper M 539 581 648 734 811 863 933 1,017 1,122 1,172 Masonry Master Mason M 912 987 1,093 1,216 1,304 1,376 1,450 1,593 1,784 1,979 Skilled Helper M 668 731 802 906 985 1,044 1,122 1,236 1,381 1,450 Unskilled Helper M 555 596 655 740 816 867 936 1,024 1,132 1,217

M – Male F – Female Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (a) Provisional Note: These wage rates represent payment in cash without meals. 78 prices and wages

Table 7.13 Minimum Wage Rate Indices of Workers in Wages Board Trades(a) 1978 December = 100

Workers in Workers in Workers in Workers in Period Agriculture(b) Industry and Commerce(c) Services(d) Wages Boards Trades(e)

Nominal Real(f) Nominal Real(f) Nominal Real(f) Nominal Real(f)

2017 January 4,736.2 114.6 3,459.1 83.7 2,313.2 56.0 4,128.3 99.9 February 4,736.4 114.0 3,459.1 83.2 2,313.2 55.7 4,128.4 99.3 March 4,736.4 114.2 3,459.1 83.4 2,313.2 55.8 4,128.4 99.5 April 4,736.4 113.6 3,459.1 83.0 2,313.2 55.5 4,128.4 99.0 May 4,736.6 112.5 3,459.1 82.2 2,313.2 55.0 4,128.5 98.1 June 4,736.7 110.8 3,459.1 80.9 2,313.2 54.1 4,128.6 96.5 July 4,736.9 111.4 3,459.1 81.4 2,313.2 54.4 4,128.7 97.1 August 4,736.8 112.0 3,459.1 81.8 2,313.2 54.7 4,128.6 97.6 September 4,736.7 111.1 3,459.1 81.2 2,313.2 54.3 4,128.6 96.9 October 4,736.9 110.1 3,459.1 80.4 2,313.2 53.8 4,128.7 96.0 November 4,737.1 108.9 3,459.1 79.5 2,313.2 53.2 4,128.9 94.9 December 4,737.4 108.2 3,459.1 79.0 2,313.2 52.9 4,129.0 94.3

2018(g) January 4,737.4 108.3 3,459.1 79.1 2,313.2 52.9 4,129.0 94.4 February 4,737.2 109.1 3,459.1 79.7 2,313.2 53.3 4,128.9 95.1 March 4,736.9 109.6 3,459.1 80.0 2,313.2 53.5 4,128.7 95.5 April 4,736.8 109.5 3,459.1 79.9 2,313.2 53.5 4,128.6 95.4 May 4,736.7 108.2 3,459.1 79.0 2,313.2 52.9 4,128.6 94.3 June 4,736.9 106.1 3,459.1 77.5 2,313.2 51.8 4,128.7 92.5 July 4,737.2 105.7 3,459.1 77.2 2,313.2 51.6 4,128.9 92.2 August 4,737.2 105.7 3,628.3 81.0 2,313.2 51.6 4,160.1 92.8 September 4,737.0 106.5 3,628.3 81.6 2,313.2 52.0 4,159.9 93.5 October 4,783.9 107.8 3,691.1 83.2 2,385.3 53.8 4,213.6 95.0 November 4,783.9 106.5 3,691.1 82.1 2,385.3 53.1 4,213.6 93.8 December 4,784.3 106.4 3,691.1 82.1 2,385.3 53.0 4,213.9 93.7

(a) The Index numbers are calculated by the Labour Department on fixed weights based on the numbers employed Sources : Department of Labour as at 31 December 1978. The wage rate used in the calculation of Index numbers are Nominal wages for different Central Bank of Sri Lanka trades fixed by the Wages Board. (b) The Index refers to wage rates of tea growing and manufacturing, rubber growing and manufacturing, coconut, cocoa, cardamoms and pepper growing trades only. (c) Including baking, brick and tile manufacturing, coconut manufacturing, printing, textile, tyre and tube manufacturing, coir mattresses and bristle fibre export, hosiery manufacturing, engineering, garment manufacturing, match manufacturing, biscuit and confectionery, tea export and rubber export trades only. (d) This includes cinema, motor transport and nursing home trades only. (e) Combined index for workers in agriculture, in industry & commerce and in services. (f) Based on Colombo Consumers’ Price Index (CCPI) - (2006/07 = 100). (g) Provisional 79 prices and wages

Table 7.14 Wage Rate Indices of Government Employees(a) 2012 = 100

Senior Level Tertiary Level Secondary Level Primary Level All Government Officers Officers Officers Officers Officers Period Nominal Real(b) Nominal Real(b) Nominal Real(b) Nominal Real(b) Nominal Real(b)

2017 January 141.4 118.1 155.5 130.0 161.6 135.1 170.4 142.4 160.8 134.4 February 141.4 117.6 155.5 129.3 161.6 134.4 170.4 141.7 160.8 133.7 March 141.4 117.9 155.5 129.7 161.6 134.9 170.4 142.2 160.8 134.1 April 141.4 116.5 155.5 128.1 161.6 133.2 170.4 140.4 160.8 132.5 May 141.4 115.7 155.5 127.3 161.6 132.3 170.4 139.5 160.8 131.6 June 141.4 114.2 155.5 125.6 161.6 130.6 170.4 137.7 160.8 129.9 July 141.4 115.2 155.5 126.7 161.6 131.7 170.4 138.8 160.8 131.0 August 141.4 115.2 155.5 126.8 161.6 131.8 170.4 138.9 160.8 131.1 September 141.4 114.3 155.5 125.7 161.6 130.7 170.4 137.8 160.8 130.0 October 141.4 112.9 155.5 124.2 161.6 129.1 170.4 136.1 160.8 128.5 November 141.4 111.5 155.5 122.7 161.6 127.5 170.4 134.4 160.8 126.8 December 141.4 111.3 155.5 122.5 161.6 127.3 170.4 134.2 160.8 126.6

2018(c) January 144.9 114.9 155.9 123.6 161.6 128.1 170.4 135.0 161.0 127.6 February 144.9 116.8 155.9 125.6 161.6 130.3 170.4 137.3 161.0 129.8 March 144.9 117.7 155.9 126.6 161.6 131.2 170.4 138.3 161.0 130.7 April 144.9 117.6 155.9 126.5 161.6 131.1 170.4 138.2 161.0 130.6 May 144.9 116.2 155.9 125.0 161.6 129.6 170.4 136.7 161.0 129.1 June 144.9 114.2 155.9 122.9 161.6 127.4 170.4 134.3 161.0 126.9 July 144.9 114.1 155.9 122.8 161.6 127.3 170.4 134.2 161.0 126.8 August 144.9 115.2 155.9 123.9 161.6 128.5 170.4 135.5 161.0 128.0 September 144.9 116.2 155.9 124.9 161.6 129.5 170.4 136.6 161.0 129.0 October 144.9 115.7 155.9 124.4 161.6 129.0 170.4 136.0 161.0 128.5 November 144.9 113.2 155.9 121.7 161.6 126.2 170.4 133.0 161.0 125.7 December 144.9 113.7 155.9 122.3 161.6 126.8 170.4 133.7 161.0 126.3

(a) This index covers all levels of public sector employees, under the disaggregation of Senior, Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka Tertiary, Secondary and Primary levels. The base period employment structure was based on a special Annual Public Sector Employment Survey (APSES) conducted in 2012. Initial salary scales of specific occupations and due allowances as specified in the Public Administration Circular No. 06/2006 issued by the Ministry of Public Administration and Home Affairs on 25th April 2006 were used to construct the Index. (b) Based on National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) – (2013 = 100). (c) Provisional 80 prices and wages

Table 7.15 Wage Rate Indices of Informal Private Sector Employees(a) 2012 = 100

Agriculture Industry Services Informal Private Sector Period Nominal Real(a) Nominal Real(a) Nominal Real(a) Nominal Real(a)

2017 January 144.5 120.7 148.7 124.3 138.1 115.4 143.5 119.9 February 145.2 120.7 149.6 124.4 140.9 117.1 145.2 120.7 March 144.7 120.7 151.3 126.3 140.7 117.4 145.7 121.6 April 147.1 121.2 152.3 125.5 140.7 116.0 146.5 120.7 May 147.8 121.0 152.3 124.6 141.5 115.9 147.0 120.3 June 148.3 119.8 152.6 123.3 143.5 116.0 148.0 119.6 July 150.2 122.3 153.7 125.2 142.1 115.8 148.2 120.8 August 151.2 123.2 157.5 128.4 145.6 118.7 151.4 123.4 September 155.6 125.8 157.3 127.2 145.3 117.5 152.0 122.9 October 159.5 127.4 161.0 128.6 148.0 118.2 155.3 124.0 November 157.4 124.2 159.1 125.5 147.2 116.1 153.8 121.3 December 159.9 126.0 165.1 130.0 155.6 122.5 160.2 126.2

2018(b) January 157.6 124.9 169.7 134.5 157.6 124.9 162.5 128.8 February 157.7 127.1 164.9 132.9 152.1 122.6 158.2 127.5 March 160.1 130.0 168.5 136.8 153.3 124.5 160.7 130.4 April 170.9 138.7 171.4 139.1 165.5 134.2 168.9 137.0 May 171.8 137.8 171.7 137.7 164.3 131.8 168.6 135.2 June 173.1 136.4 170.9 134.7 165.1 130.1 168.9 133.1 July 173.2 136.4 174.7 137.6 165.2 130.1 170.5 134.3 August 176.8 140.6 175.7 139.7 169.0 134.4 173.1 137.6 September 175.8 140.9 175.5 140.6 168.7 135.2 172.7 138.4 October 186.5 148.9 176.8 141.1 172.8 137.9 176.8 141.2 November 184.4 144.0 177.5 138.6 171.5 133.9 176.2 137.6 December 182.8 143.4 178.0 139.6 172.2 135.1 176.4 138.4

(a) Based on National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) – (2013 = 100). Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (b) Provisional

Table 7.16

(a) All Island Average Wages in the Informal Sector – 2017 Rupees

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Agriculture Tea Preparing Land Male 997 1,003 1,013 1,025 1,035 1,024 1,039 1,068 1,103 1,135 1,150 1,229 Plucking Male 788 789 769 769 779 783 811 796 813 825 777 793 Female 639 634 652 648 670 688 674 686 686 690 710 693 Rubber Planting Male 1,050 1,050 1,063 1,067 1,045 1,094 1,070 1,095 1,189 1,220 1,191 1,271 Tapping Male 702 687 688 687 694 704 725 729 654 730 728 783 Female 661 652 620 648 670 679 664 707 623 683 684 683 Coconut Digging Pits Male 1,229 1,219 1,245 1,215 1,221 1,235 1,238 1,286 1,294 1,335 1,335 1,359 Plucking with Sticks Male 1,445 1,376 1,550 1,458 1,510 1,538 1,527 1,502 1,612 1,589 1,586 1,603 Paddy Ploughing with Mammoties Male 1,173 1,150 1,188 1,219 1,213 1,224 1,200 1,204 1,234 1,276 1,270 1,316 Transplanting and Male 1,144 1,064 1,118 1,171 1,155 1,143 1,117 1,109 1,229 1,198 1,178 1,189 Harvesting Female 785 818 805 835 816 837 812 861 858 871 845 862 (b) Housing Construction Carpentry Master Carpenter Male 1,725 1,724 1,713 1,781 1,770 1,794 1,781 1,849 1,818 1,856 1,869 1,852 Skilled Helper Male 1,318 1,309 1,319 1,353 1,347 1,370 1,368 1,405 1,399 1,424 1,430 1,458 Unskilled Helper Male 1,098 1,079 1,082 1,103 1,105 1,110 1,127 1,138 1,154 1,157 1,144 1,181 Masonry Master Mason Male 1,704 1,698 1,716 1,769 1,766 1,783 1,772 1,835 1,814 1,848 1,859 1,856 Skilled Helper Male 1,319 1,322 1,328 1,355 1,357 1,379 1,378 1,415 1,400 1,432 1,440 1,459 Unskilled Helper Male 1,106 1,096 1,084 1,121 1,118 1,119 1,127 1,147 1,147 1,170 1,164 1,194

(a) Daily wages represent payments in cash where meals are not provided by the employer. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (b) Wages in the construction sector are paid on daily payment basis. 81 prices and wages

Table 7.17 All Island Average Wages in the Informal Sector(a) – 2018(b) Rupees

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Agriculture Tea Preparing Land Male 1,208 1,246 1,212 1,275 1,275 1,308 1,300 1,317 1,225 1,258 1,277 1,279 Plucking Male 829 804 861 878 844 864 886 872 878 922 880 800 Female 774 767 805 769 778 775 775 793 834 815 811 816 Rubber Planting Male 1,139 1,101 1,118 1,188 1,178 1,200 1,211 1,214 1,225 1,228 1,228 1,250 Tapping Male 828 801 888 860 895 836 811 815 809 823 832 830 Female 791 761 801 790 770 820 765 770 764 777 805 794 Coconut Digging Pits Male 1,381 1,385 1,371 1,377 1,414 1,404 1,412 1,435 1,442 1,435 1,454 1,467 Plucking with Sticks Male 1,508 1,550 1,675 1,482 1,523 1,536 1,550 1,525 1,464 1,629 1,550 1,520 Paddy Ploughing with Mammoties Male 1,340 1,340 1,314 1,377 1,383 1,377 1,396 1,405 1,377 1,426 1,450 1,364 Transplanting and Male 1,261 1,296 1,321 1,304 1,338 1,345 1,309 1,342 1,356 1,346 1,325 1,309 Harvesting Female 965 985 993 994 1,035 1,033 1,020 1,076 1,074 1,005 1,026 1,010

Housing Construction(c) Carpentry Master Carpenter Male 1,965 1,970 2,026 1,947 2,019 1,926 2,007 1,979 1,962 2,002 1,979 1,984 Skilled Helper Male 1,421 1,465 1,441 1,423 1,464 1,429 1,447 1,443 1,462 1,484 1,472 1,472 Unskilled Helper Male 1,168 1,151 1,155 1,128 1,139 1,141 1,195 1,151 1,211 1,200 1,207 1,166 Masonry Master Mason Male 1,949 1,934 1,944 1,970 1,986 1,967 1,986 1,999 1,965 2,011 1,989 2,022 Skilled Helper Male 1,433 1,426 1,433 1,406 1,460 1,412 1,450 1,434 1,451 1,475 1,461 1,474 Unskilled Helper Male 1,185 1,176 1,211 1,168 1,218 1,178 1,242 1,207 1,249 1,231 1,223 1,264

(a) Daily wages represent payments in cash where meals are not provided by the employer. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (b) Provisional (c) Wages in the construction sector are paid on daily payment basis. 82 prices and wages

Table 7.18 Cost Indices for Construction 2009 – 2018 1990 = 100

Semi Modern All Non-Residential All All Year Quarter Permanent Housing Housing Building Civil Works Construction Housing

2009 1st Quarter 472.0 673.6 484.5 452.5 419.9 453.6 2nd Quarter 471.8 684.9 485.0 452.0 418.9 453.3 3rd Quarter 477.9 685.9 490.8 457.4 423.2 458.4 4th Quarter 478.9 700.6 492.6 458.3 424.2 459.7

2010 1st Quarter 479.4 701.6 493.2 459.0 424.9 460.4 2nd Quarter 484.0 712.9 498.2 463.7 428.8 464.9 3rd Quarter 488.6 722.9 503.1 467.8 430.9 468.6 4th Quarter 489.7 725.8 504.3 468.9 432.2 469.8

2011 1st Quarter 501.8 738.0 516.5 482.2 442.9 481.7 2nd Quarter 508.7 762.5 524.5 489.5 447.1 488.1 3rd Quarter 514.3 780.5 530.8 493.8 450.0 492.7 4th Quarter 524.1 796.7 541.0 502.2 456.2 501.1

2012 1st Quarter 547.6 826.9 564.9 527.2 479.1 524.7 2nd Quarter 569.9 850.2 587.2 550.3 505.0 548.6 3rd Quarter 583.9 861.4 601.1 561.4 513.5 559.9 4th Quarter 601.6 871.0 618.3 573.9 515.2 570.2

2013 1st Quarter 616.4 899.5 633.9 587.2 524.8 583.1 2nd Quarter 622.2 924.2 640.9 591.4 526.6 587.6 3rd Quarter 630.7 941.9 650.0 598.5 530.8 594.4 4th Quarter 633.7 943.7 652.9 600.9 532.1 596.6

2014 1st Quarter 638.0 948.2 657.2 604.9 534.0 599.9 2nd Quarter 644.7 957.9 664.1 610.7 537.9 605.5 3rd Quarter 645.7 983.6 666.7 611.4 538.6 606.9 4th Quarter 646.8 986.4 667.9 611.4 538.6 607.4

2015 1st Quarter 654.7 993.6 675.8 615.8 538.8 611.7 2nd Quarter 662.7 1,036.7 685.9 621.5 542.2 618.4 3rd Quarter 672.8 1,040.5 695.6 628.3 544.2 624.6 4th Quarter 681.4 1,051.4 704.3 634.1 546.5 630.3

2016 1st Quarter 692.7 1,061.4 715.5 641.7 528.8 629.8 2nd Quarter 711.9 1,075.5 734.4 654.9 531.6 641.5 3rd Quarter 720.9 1,085.1 743.4 661.2 536.0 648.2 4th Quarter 728.2 1,093.5 750.9 667.2 540.1 654.1

2017 1st Quarter 738.2 1,107.3 761.1 675.3 546.0 662.2 2nd Quarter 746.7 1,120.7 769.9 682.5 562.0 673.4 3rd Quarter 754.6 1,139.2 778.4 692.4 570.1 682.1 4th Quarter 764.7 1,148.6 788.5 701.3 575.6 690.2

2018(a) 1st Quarter 773.5 1,156.9 797.3 707.9 581.6 697.4 2nd Quarter 780.0 1,161.9 803.6 713.9 587.4 703.5 3rd Quarter 784.6 1,169.9 808.5 719.8 595.0 709.6 4th Quarter 787.2 1,171.3 811.0 722.6 600.9 713.5

(a) Provisional Source : Construction Industry Development Authority 83 external trade and finance

Table 8.1 Summary of External Trade 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Exports, Rs. Mn. 813,911 974,387 1,167,588 1,245,531 1,344,054 1,453,176 1,431,431 1,500,766 1,732,440 1,933,533

Agricultural Exports 210,092 260,632 279,466 297,715 333,942 364,762 337,007 338,727 422,031 418,865 Tea 136,194 162,793 164,869 180,429 199,446 212,588 182,054 184,778 233,338 231,750 Rubber 11,327 19,580 22,811 15,726 9,194 5,916 3,548 4,758 5,920 5,088 Coconut Products 18,635 18,728 29,394 26,594 26,488 46,517 47,745 53,283 53,037 50,465 Other 43,937 59,531 62,392 74,966 98,814 99,741 103,660 95,907 129,736 131,561

Industrial Exports 600,621 688,759 883,771 938,762 1,001,808 1,078,725 1,087,938 1,155,706 1,302,575 1,506,200 Textiles and Garments 374,645 379,185 463,509 508,607 583,046 643,688 654,794 710,768 767,254 865,975 Petroleum Products 15,447 29,761 61,170 58,902 55,128 44,132 50,461 41,794 66,280 101,467 Other 210,529 279,813 359,091 371,254 363,634 390,905 382,684 403,144 469,041 538,759

Mineral 2,280 2,739 3,631 7,833 6,727 7,764 3,826 4,219 5,263 5,570

Other 918 22,258 720 1,221 1,577 1,924 2,660 2,114 2,570 2,898

Imports, Rs. Mn. 1,172,618 1,519,737 2,241,488 2,441,879 2,323,128 2,535,163 2,572,467 2,794,393 3,198,572 3,606,644

Consumer Goods 179,722 279,762 404,037 380,968 410,996 503,021 640,352 628,862 686,424 806,608 Intermediate Goods 707,655 910,010 1,357,505 1,474,534 1,361,740 1,488,091 1,309,234 1,438,156 1,743,719 2,027,460 Investment Goods 240,284 311,496 473,974 582,921 548,604 542,169 620,730 725,473 746,175 760,942 Unclassified 44,957 18,470 5,972 3,455 1,788 1,882 2,151 1,902 22,254 11,634

Balance of Trade, Rs. Mn. -358,707 -545,350 -1,073,900 -1,196,348 -979,074 -1,081,987 -1,141,035 -1,293,627 -1,466,133 -1,673,111

Export / Import Ratio 0.69 0.64 0.52 0.51 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.54 0.54 0.54

Export Indices(b) Unit Value Index 72.4 100.0 108.7 116.2 117.5 121.9 114.7 121.2 130.0 144.4 Volume Index 115.3 100.0 110.2 110.0 117.3 122.3 128.0 127.0 136.7 137.3 Value Index 83.5 100.0 119.8 127.8 137.9 149.1 146.8 153.9 177.7 198.3

Import Indices(b) Unit Value Index 92.5 100.0 119.7 129.7 125.3 124.8 114.5 116.3 123.2 136.5 Volume Index 83.6 100.0 123.6 124.2 122.3 134.0 148.2 158.5 171.3 174.3 Value Index 77.3 100.0 147.9 161.1 153.2 167.2 169.7 184.3 211.0 237.9

Terms of Trade (2010 = 100)(c) 78.3 100.0 90.9 89.6 93.8 97.6 100.2 104.2 105.6 105.8

(a) Provisional Sources : Ceylon Petroleum Corporation and (b) In terms of rupee. Trade indices were calculated 2010 as the base year. other Exporters of Petroleum (c) Terms of Trade = (Export Unit Value Index / Import Unit Value Index) × 100 Lanka IOC PLC National Gem and Jewellery Authority Sri Lanka Customs Central Bank of Sri Lanka 84 external trade and finance

Table 8.2 Selected Exports 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Agricultural Exports Tea, MT ’000 290 328 323 320 320 327 307 289 289 282 Rubber, MT ’000 56 52 43 37 24 16 10 16 17 14 Coconut, Mn. Nuts 367 251 386 351 379 716 552 765 466 355 Vegetables, MT 15,670 20,994 13,446 10,814 22,737 40,460 25,846 21,140 21,697 25,765 Coffee, MT 60 26 10 10 19 57 24 14 14 24 Cinnamon, MT 12,234 13,682 13,747 14,762 14,148 13,949 13,828 14,946 16,967 17,860 Pepper, MT 6,580 12,971 5,065 10,532 21,703 8,353 17,027 8,383 13,778 13,601 Betel Leaves, MT 2,591 2,604 2,845 1,934 3,024 2,998 2,404 1,956 5,145 4,009 Arecanuts, MT 1,426 2,106 2,177 2,435 9,783 29,384 29,513 13,468 10,645 4,947 Sesame Seeds & Other Oil Seeds, MT 1,449 9,201 546 3,298 7,036 4,942 3,925 3,969 1,765 3,673 Unmanufactured Tobacco, MT 686 695 708 861 1,142 1,162 880 897 918 817

Selected Other Exports Petroleum Products, MT ’000 269 436 589 504 511 398 908 807 972 1,093 Mineral Exports(b), MT 3,018 3,231 3,341 3,094 3,083 3,116 2,834 3,163 3,123 3,298 Gems, carats ’000 7,445 7,345 9,154 9,194 14,393 12,685 12,116 12,136 9,400 8,190

(a) Provisional Sources : Ceylon Petroleum Corporation and (b) Graphite only other Exporters of Petroleum National Gem and Jewellery Authority Sri Lanka Customs Central Bank of Sri Lanka

Table 8.3 Selected Imports 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Food and Drink, MT ’000 Rice 52 126 28 36 23 600 286 30 748 249 Sugar 466 548 606 569 548 520 624 651 498 645 Milk and Milk Products Milk and Milk Food(b) 65 76 88 84 69 71 86 100 99 105 Infant Milk Food, MT 1,442 911 1,756 1,446 1,545 1,172 1,613 1,659 2,179 1,873 Fish and Fish Products Fish Dried(c) 49 49 50 41 39 36 35 37 35 35 Fish Other 27 34 33 31 40 43 85 78 71 49 Wheat Grain 1,026 1,051 1,242 1,084 895 1,179 1,208 948 1,250 1,297

Medical and Pharmaceuticals MT ’000 61 558 82 189 122 108 74 111 168 116

Fertilizer, MT ’000 462 649 801 640 600 765 873 527 399 861

Crude Oil, MT ’000 2,066 1,819 2,070 1,486 1,743 1,824 1,763 1,685 1,591 1,674

Cement, MT ’000 1,702 2,012 2,584 3,796 4,123 4,363 4,092 5,299 5,676 5,114

Transport Equipment (No.) Motor Vehicles(d) 3,767 37,522 68,763 103,182 32,321 46,647 134,715 47,957 40,519 86,497 Motor Cycles 112,307 226,426 252,036 186,372 160,524 314,060 349,385 329,978 364,346 354,998 Tractors 12,860 18,617 26,870 18,967 13,701 5,842 12,601 13,185 10,295 6,992

(a) Provisional (c) Including maldive-fish, sprats and smoked fish. Sources : Sri Lanka Customs (b) Excluding infant milk food. (d) Including motor cars, vans, lorries and buses. Central Bank of Sri Lanka 85 external trade and finance

Table 8.4 Imports by Major Categories 2009 – 2018 Rs. Million

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Consumer Goods 179,722 279,762 404,037 380,968 410,996 503,021 640,352 628,862 686,424 806,608

Food and Drink 107,155 149,568 173,277 166,003 176,423 213,308 220,828 237,036 280,646 259,659 Rice 2,592 6,741 2,035 3,083 2,297 36,795 17,956 1,872 45,881 16,679 Flour 60 90 1,538 628 237 270 277 255 300 494 Sugar 25,045 41,077 47,091 43,872 37,187 33,332 34,164 49,919 39,041 40,045 Milk and Milk Products 18,948 29,214 38,182 39,023 37,572 44,308 34,088 36,338 48,145 54,002 Fish Dried 7,869 7,607 8,404 8,935 11,251 8,918 11,103 14,356 14,465 15,181 Fish Other 6,101 7,070 8,066 8,548 9,939 9,895 19,095 20,184 18,697 16,766 Food Other 46,540 57,768 67,961 61,914 77,940 79,791 104,144 114,112 114,117 116,492

Other Consumer Goods 72,567 130,194 230,760 214,965 234,573 289,713 419,524 391,826 405,778 546,949 Motor Cars and Cycles 10,195 48,720 94,473 61,189 74,691 116,165 168,869 113,655 109,527 163,679 Radio Receivers and TV Sets 2,760 5,080 13,015 14,923 13,324 11,237 16,358 19,760 21,462 20,096 Tyres and Tubes 4,150 6,712 7,621 8,064 8,526 9,573 12,822 12,708 11,900 12,573 Medical and Pharmaceutical Products 23,199 24,549 38,487 47,537 48,845 49,685 62,498 76,547 79,299 86,546 Other 32,263 45,133 77,165 83,252 89,187 103,053 158,978 169,155 183,590 264,054

Intermediate Goods 707,655 910,010 1,357,505 1,474,534 1,361,740 1,488,091 1,309,234 1,438,156 1,743,719 2,027,460 Fertiliser 20,851 27,157 44,992 39,859 30,972 35,591 39,573 19,904 15,703 42,682 Fuel 251,006 343,809 530,389 640,197 555,930 600,150 366,339 361,895 522,470 674,295 Chemical Elements and Compounds 40,476 47,203 63,720 70,445 78,074 87,016 98,142 100,613 102,591 120,088 Dyeing, Tanning & Colouring Materials 9,095 11,586 13,943 15,095 16,707 18,517 20,056 24,093 24,641 26,852 Paper and Paper Boards 17,587 24,763 29,230 25,615 29,082 39,169 41,834 45,827 47,798 53,807 Wheat and Maize 30,921 30,009 47,382 46,352 41,551 52,844 48,658 36,221 54,394 60,637 Textiles and Textile Articles 175,681 204,542 256,592 289,546 264,302 303,907 311,965 393,896 415,386 465,334 Other 162,038 220,941 371,257 347,424 345,123 350,898 382,668 455,707 560,737 583,766

Investment Goods 240,284 311,496 473,974 582,921 548,604 542,169 620,730 725,473 746,175 760,942 Building Materials 75,290 92,905 118,935 157,437 175,054 170,901 184,176 228,538 242,621 247,730 Transport Equipment 40,926 66,991 117,737 124,773 86,170 92,367 125,927 96,605 102,914 108,057 Machinery and Equipment 123,731 151,223 236,857 300,138 286,631 278,257 309,811 399,090 399,453 404,175 Other 336 377 445 573 748 644 816 1,239 1,187 979

Unclassified Imports 44,957 18,470 5,972 3,455 1,788 1,882 2,151 1,902 22,254 11,634

Total Imports(b) 1,172,618 1,519,737 2,241,488 2,441,879 2,323,128 2,535,163 2,572,467 2,794,393 3,198,572 3,606,644

(a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Customs (b) Adjusted Prima Ceylon Ltd. Serendib Flour Mills (Pvt) Ltd. Ceylon Petroleum Corporation Lanka IOC PLC Central Bank of Sri Lanka 86 external trade and finance

Table 8.5 Direction of Trade – Exports(a) 2014 – 2018 Value in Rs. Million

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(b) Group of Countries Share Share Share Share Share Value Value Value Value Value (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)

Largest Export Destinations United States of America 356,524 24.5 381,976 26.6 409,131 27.3 443,512 25.6 501,361 25.9 United Kingdom 145,716 10.0 139,907 9.8 152,010 10.1 157,992 9.1 159,360 8.2 India 81,575 5.6 87,449 6.1 80,665 5.4 105,397 6.1 126,274 6.5 Germany 65,015 4.5 64,711 4.5 72,827 4.9 82,396 4.8 99,877 5.2 Italy 80,203 5.5 59,011 4.1 62,557 4.2 79,866 4.6 92,935 4.8 Belgium – Luxembourg 41,261 2.8 38,447 2.7 49,241 3.3 52,864 3.1 58,603 3.0 United Arab Emirates 36,204 2.5 37,543 2.6 34,041 2.3 41,986 2.4 47,195 2.4 Netherlands 31,691 2.2 29,914 2.1 30,263 2.0 33,632 1.9 41,910 2.2 China, People's Republic of 24,565 1.7 41,849 2.9 30,733 2.0 37,732 2.2 38,849 2.0 Japan 31,003 2.1 29,312 2.0 29,384 2.0 31,882 1.8 36,688 1.9

Other Export Destinations Austria 3,893 0.3 3,809 0.3 3,780 0.3 4,325 0.2 7,227 0.4 Australia 21,377 1.5 21,771 1.5 24,137 1.6 28,811 1.7 31,325 1.6 Azerbaijan 7,253 0.5 6,361 0.4 6,773 0.5 9,897 0.6 8,905 0.5 Bangladesh 11,771 0.8 12,618 0.9 16,374 1.1 18,660 1.1 22,065 1.1 Brazil 7,154 0.5 6,017 0.4 6,477 0.4 8,161 0.5 8,712 0.5 Canada 22,469 1.5 24,591 1.7 26,199 1.7 31,989 1.8 34,320 1.8 Chile 5,735 0.4 5,225 0.4 5,715 0.4 7,555 0.4 7,934 0.4 Denmark 3,908 0.3 3,881 0.3 3,804 0.3 5,561 0.3 4,980 0.3 France 34,513 2.4 26,176 1.8 22,860 1.5 26,265 1.5 29,650 1.5 Hong Kong 18,395 1.3 18,439 1.3 20,218 1.3 25,943 1.5 24,848 1.3 Hungary 1,123 0.1 1,610 0.1 3,367 0.2 4,958 0.3 8,715 0.5 Indonesia 5,884 0.4 4,798 0.3 6,093 0.4 7,159 0.4 5,972 0.3 Iran 23,635 1.6 21,173 1.5 25,155 1.7 27,002 1.6 24,056 1.2 Iraq 12,013 0.8 14,291 1.0 16,253 1.1 22,392 1.3 23,547 1.2 Ireland, Republic of 6,487 0.4 4,771 0.3 5,408 0.4 6,632 0.4 8,077 0.4 Israel 16,918 1.2 15,981 1.1 13,051 0.9 12,497 0.7 17,056 0.9 Jordan 5,880 0.4 5,228 0.4 4,752 0.3 6,151 0.4 5,946 0.3 Lebanon 3,537 0.2 3,414 0.2 4,550 0.3 5,611 0.3 5,443 0.3 Libya 5,990 0.4 4,485 0.3 6,752 0.4 8,005 0.5 9,205 0.5 Malaysia 5,830 0.4 4,967 0.3 5,243 0.3 8,245 0.5 6,417 0.3 Maldives 11,535 0.8 10,511 0.7 13,878 0.9 16,459 1.0 17,872 0.9 Mexico 14,585 1.0 14,427 1.0 19,253 1.3 25,081 1.4 28,639 1.5 Pakistan 9,700 0.7 9,948 0.7 9,296 0.6 11,287 0.7 12,350 0.6 Peru 1,959 0.1 2,963 0.2 2,770 0.2 3,882 0.2 5,515 0.3 Poland 6,861 0.5 5,906 0.4 6,738 0.4 7,249 0.4 7,362 0.4 Russia 35,749 2.5 26,320 1.8 26,501 1.8 31,991 1.8 30,114 1.6 Saudi Arabia 9,577 0.7 11,061 0.8 9,467 0.6 11,617 0.7 11,694 0.6 Singapore 18,413 1.3 11,274 0.8 16,543 1.1 28,878 1.7 24,049 1.2 South Africa 4,330 0.3 4,318 0.3 4,750 0.3 6,429 0.4 6,556 0.3 South Korea 9,551 0.7 8,734 0.6 10,020 0.7 9,613 0.6 10,512 0.5 Spain 8,534 0.6 10,295 0.7 11,966 0.8 11,303 0.7 11,660 0.6 Sweden 9,278 0.6 8,739 0.6 10,009 0.7 11,951 0.7 14,674 0.8 Switzerland 16,958 1.2 13,131 0.9 14,283 1.0 14,810 0.9 19,959 1.0 Syria 8,078 0.6 6,538 0.5 7,979 0.5 6,361 0.4 9,279 0.5 Taiwan 5,152 0.4 6,036 0.4 5,670 0.4 7,560 0.4 8,363 0.4 Thailand 8,918 0.6 7,251 0.5 6,977 0.5 8,469 0.5 9,373 0.5 Turkey 33,906 2.3 24,507 1.7 21,955 1.5 35,515 2.1 35,500 1.8 Vietnam 9,696 0.7 9,896 0.7 13,793 0.9 15,229 0.9 16,359 0.8 Other 112,875 7.8 122,088 8.5 111,453 7.4 125,220 7.2 155,263 8.0 European Union (EU)(c) 455,926 31.4 411,044 28.7 451,507 30.1 503,227 29.1 564,711 29.2 Asian Clearing Union (ACU)(d) 138,980 9.6 142,413 9.9 145,689 9.7 179,414 10.4 205,759 10.6 SAARC Region(e) 115,097 7.9 121,085 8.4 120,453 8.0 152,213 8.8 179,971 9.3 Middle East(f) 158,028 10.9 145,195 10.1 140,437 9.4 176,351 10.2 187,751 9.7 APTA Region(g) 127,634 8.8 150,784 10.5 138,263 9.2 171,641 9.9 197,910 10.2 BIMSTEC(h) 103,029 7.1 108,032 7.5 104,337 7.0 133,136 7.7 160,854 8.3 C.I.S. Countries(i) 52,627 3.6 38,563 2.7 39,913 2.7 49,365 2.9 46,143 2.4

(a) The countries which are not mentioned have relatively smaller value of exports. Sources : National Gem and Jewellery Authority (b) Provisional Sri Lanka Customs (c) Members of the European Union are Austria, Belgium-Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Central Bank of Sri Lanka Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and UK. (d) Members of the Asian Clearing Union are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. (e) South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation. Its members are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. (f) Middle Eastern countries are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, UAE and Yemen. (g) Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement. Its members are Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Mongolia, South Korea and Sri Lanka. (h) Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation. Its members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Sri Lanka (i) Members of the Commonwealth of Independent States are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. 87 external trade and finance

Table 8.6 Direction of Trade – Imports(a) 2014 – 2018 Value in Rs. Million

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(b) Group of Countries Share Share Share Share Share Value Value Value Value Value (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)

Largest Import Origins India 525,264 20.7 580,237 22.5 555,505 19.9 690,229 21.6 687,737 19.0 China, People's Republic of 456,130 18.0 504,619 19.6 581,824 20.8 603,042 18.9 668,941 18.5 United Arab Emirates 239,945 9.5 145,016 5.6 162,935 5.8 258,751 8.1 298,215 8.3 Japan 122,886 4.8 188,853 7.3 138,379 5.0 158,318 4.9 257,597 7.1 Singapore 164,485 6.5 144,538 5.6 171,065 6.1 206,117 6.4 222,957 6.2 Malaysia 97,205 3.8 69,116 2.7 92,875 3.3 97,232 3.0 129,069 3.6 United States of America 64,275 2.5 63,991 2.5 78,550 2.8 74,937 2.3 84,338 2.3 Thailand 57,741 2.3 67,507 2.6 74,968 2.7 78,988 2.5 80,767 2.2 Germany 42,690 1.7 47,155 1.8 63,368 2.3 61,052 1.9 79,295 2.2 Taiwan 57,882 2.3 62,485 2.4 72,232 2.6 73,490 2.3 77,084 2.1

Other Import Origins Algeria 13 … 3 … 2 … 139 … 10,090 0.3 Australia 30,996 1.2 36,500 1.4 28,598 1.0 37,562 1.2 25,689 0.7 Austria 8,109 0.3 11,056 0.4 14,567 0.5 10,216 0.3 11,707 0.3 Bahrain 519 … 3,095 0.1 1,984 0.1 2,404 0.1 10,636 0.3 Belgium – Luxembourg 15,742 0.6 20,137 0.8 10,424 0.4 12,006 0.4 13,190 0.4 Canada 40,442 1.6 39,837 1.5 36,744 1.3 34,621 1.1 36,666 1.0 France 21,249 0.8 15,841 0.6 21,496 0.8 24,364 0.8 42,479 1.2 Hong Kong 45,867 1.8 49,668 1.9 67,895 2.4 64,340 2.0 63,907 1.8 Indonesia 58,906 2.3 62,435 2.4 56,516 2.0 56,899 1.8 69,477 1.9 Israel 9,196 0.4 7,022 0.3 11,788 0.4 10,143 0.3 10,329 0.3 Italy 34,590 1.4 28,477 1.1 40,235 1.4 46,506 1.5 51,664 1.4 Maldives 1,311 0.1 3,128 0.1 13,049 0.5 24,934 0.8 31,321 0.9 Netherland 10,971 0.4 15,614 0.6 16,498 0.6 11,852 0.4 12,750 0.4 New Zealand 33,062 1.3 25,211 1.0 28,563 1.0 43,736 1.4 50,565 1.4 Oman 73,095 2.9 25,680 1.0 4,669 0.2 11,837 0.4 17,323 0.5 Pakistan 36,505 1.4 40,411 1.6 44,310 1.6 53,216 1.7 69,640 1.9 Philipinne 3,859 0.2 3,812 0.1 3,877 0.1 4,584 0.1 8,332 0.2 Qatar 7,462 0.3 4,836 0.2 4,386 0.2 8,053 0.3 14,928 0.4 Russia 34,009 1.3 32,775 1.3 29,076 1.0 26,655 0.8 33,113 0.9 Saudi Arabia 14,312 0.6 15,763 0.6 19,709 0.7 22,816 0.7 42,502 1.2 South Africa 2,820 0.1 11,666 0.5 28,874 1.0 43,678 1.4 41,874 1.2 South Korea 51,187 2.0 40,267 1.6 47,113 1.7 50,773 1.6 50,276 1.4 Spain 6,587 0.3 5,642 0.2 11,303 0.4 13,323 0.4 11,327 0.3 Sweden 7,070 0.3 11,659 0.5 9,389 0.3 9,980 0.3 9,107 0.3 Switzerland 16,915 0.7 17,295 0.7 39,968 1.4 46,362 1.4 48,014 1.3 Turkey 6,713 0.3 6,744 0.3 10,074 0.4 12,963 0.4 21,557 0.6 Ukraine 629 … 593 … 9,181 0.3 17,377 0.5 12,049 0.3 United Kingdom 37,888 1.5 49,506 1.9 47,663 1.7 40,859 1.3 59,676 1.7 Vietnam 25,090 1.0 33,247 1.3 39,276 1.4 42,828 1.3 42,675 1.2 Other 71,444 2.8 82,413 3.2 104,126 3.7 111,344 3.5 104,848 2.9 European Union (EU)(c) 207,323 8.2 228,907 8.9 264,765 9.5 261,080 8.2 327,263 9.1 Asian Clearing Union (ACU)(d) 571,396 22.5 632,781 24.6 622,834 22.3 788,878 24.7 803,127 22.2 SAARC Region(e) 566,491 22.3 628,912 24.4 617,179 22.1 775,058 24.2 794,370 22.0 Middle East(f) 355,935 14.0 212,383 8.3 220,230 7.9 332,390 10.4 424,414 11.7 APTA Region(g) 1,036,350 40.9 1,131,106 43.9 1,190,172 42.6 1,351,849 42.3 1,413,906 39.1 BIMSTEC(h) 590,294 23.3 655,795 25.5 639,424 22.9 788,077 24.6 780,761 21.6 C.I.S. Countries(i) 37,229 1.5 39,151 1.5 42,130 1.5 48,530 1.5 52,879 1.5

(a) The countries which are not mentioned have relatively smaller value of imports. Sources : Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (b) Provisional Lanka IOC PLC (c) Members of the European Union are Austria, Belgium – Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Sri Lanka Customs Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Central Bank of Sri Lanka Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and UK. (d) Members of the Asian Clearing Union are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. (e) South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation. Its members are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. (f) Middle Eastern countries are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, UAE and Yemen. (g) Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement. Its members are Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Mongolia, South Korea and Sri Lanka. (h) Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation. Its members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Sri Lanka (i) Members of the Commonwealth of Independent States are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. … – Negligible 88 external trade and finance

Table 8.7

(a) Central Bank Trade Indices – Volume 2014 – 2018 (2010 = 100)

Category 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(b)

Total Exports 122.3 128.0 127.0 136.7 137.3 Agricultural 103.2 95.6 90.8 96.5 92.6 Tea 98.5 91.3 86.2 87.4 85.5 Rubber 32.3 21.0 27.2 31.4 26.7 Coconut Products 170.7 159.4 174.1 154.5 132.8 Minor Agricultural Products 232.2 205.3 149.6 169.8 162.0 industrial Products 133.2 144.4 144.9 156.3 158.7 Textiles and Garments 128.2 126.4 127.1 129.8 132.4 Petroleum Products 92.6 208.6 185.8 228.5 251.1 Rubber Products 108.1 96.9 104.2 109.4 111.4 mineral Products 158.6 82.4 88.9 105.6 99.3

Total Imports 134.0 148.2 158.5 171.3 174.3 consumer Goods 143.3 177.9 156.5 167.4 183.4 Food and Beverages 125.8 128.1 124.1 146.7 129.5 Other Consumer Goods 163.5 235.0 193.8 191.0 245.3 intermediate Goods 122.9 128.7 142.5 158.6 162.2 Fuel 117.7 116.6 129.5 150.7 152.5 Textiles and Textile Articles 115.8 120.4 138.2 137.6 144.3 Fertiliser 112.6 129.5 68.6 53.7 136.0 Chemical Products 138.3 155.6 163.4 161.6 165.2 Wheat and Maize 123.5 121.3 92.7 134.0 134.2 investment Goods 158.2 179.7 208.9 208.7 208.2 Machinery and Equipment 180.7 197.3 253.9 244.2 249.6 Transport Equipment 114.4 156.5 110.9 112.8 109.3 Building Materials 153.0 167.8 206.2 220.1 212.1

(a) Volume index is computed as a Laspeyre’s index. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (b) Provisional Table 8.8

(a) Central Bank Trade Indices – Value 2014 – 2018 (2010 = 100)

Category 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(b)

Total Exports 149.1 146.8 153.9 177.7 198.3 Agricultural 140.0 129.3 130.0 161.9 160.7 Tea 130.6 111.8 113.5 143.3 142.4 Rubber 30.2 18.1 24.3 30.2 26.0 Coconut Products 248.4 254.9 284.5 283.2 269.5 Minor Agricultural Products 267.2 270.0 205.5 261.9 237.0 industrial Products 156.6 158.0 167.8 189.1 218.7 Textiles and Garments 169.8 172.7 187.4 202.3 228.4 Petroleum Products 148.3 169.6 140.4 222.7 340.9 Rubber Products 184.6 164.1 177.6 202.5 226.1 mineral Products 283.5 139.7 154.0 192.2 203.4

Total Imports 167.2 169.7 184.3 211.0 237.9 consumer Goods 179.8 228.9 224.8 245.4 288.3 Food and Beverages 142.6 147.6 158.5 187.6 173.6 Other Consumer Goods 222.5 322.2 301.0 311.7 420.1 intermediate Goods 163.5 143.9 158.0 191.6 222.8 Fuel 174.6 106.6 105.3 152.0 196.1 Textiles and Textile Articles 148.6 152.5 192.6 203.1 227.5 Fertiliser 131.1 145.7 73.3 57.8 157.2 Chemical Products 179.5 201.1 212.1 216.4 249.9 Wheat and Maize 176.1 162.1 120.7 181.3 202.1 investment Goods 174.1 199.3 232.9 239.5 244.3 Machinery and Equipment 184.0 204.9 263.9 264.1 267.3 Transport Equipment 137.9 188.0 144.2 153.6 161.3 Building Materials 184.0 198.2 246.0 261.2 266.6

(a) The value index is computed as a simple index of the ratio of Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka rupee values between the current period and the base period. (b) Provisional 89 external trade and finance

Table 8.9

(a) Central Bank Trade Indices – Unit Value 2014 – 2018 (2010 = 100)

Category 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(b)

Total Exports 121.9 114.7 121.2 130.0 144.4 Agricultural 135.6 135.3 143.2 167.7 173.5 Tea 132.6 122.5 131.6 164.0 166.5 Rubber 93.5 86.2 89.4 96.3 97.4 Coconut Products 145.5 160.0 163.4 183.3 202.9 Minor Agricultural Products 115.1 131.5 137.3 154.2 146.3 industrial Products 117.5 109.4 115.8 121.0 137.8 Textiles and Garments 132.4 136.6 147.5 155.9 172.5 Petroleum Products 160.2 81.3 75.6 97.4 135.8 Rubber Products 170.7 169.3 170.5 185.0 202.9 mineral Products 178.7 169.5 173.2 182.0 204.7

Total Imports 124.8 114.5 116.3 123.2 136.5 consumer Goods 125.4 128.7 143.6 146.6 157.2 Food and Beverages 113.4 115.2 127.7 127.9 134.1 Other Consumer Goods 136.1 137.1 155.3 163.2 171.3 intermediate Goods 133.0 111.8 110.9 120.8 137.3 Fuel 148.3 91.4 81.3 100.8 128.6 Textiles and Textile Articles 128.3 126.6 139.4 147.6 157.6 Fertiliser 116.4 112.5 106.9 107.7 115.5 Chemical Products 129.8 129.2 129.8 133.9 151.3 Wheat and Maize 142.6 133.6 130.2 135.3 150.5 investment Goods 110.0 110.9 111.5 114.8 117.4 Machinery and Equipment 101.8 103.8 103.9 108.2 107.1 Transport Equipment 120.5 120.1 130.1 136.2 147.5 Building Materials 120.2 118.1 119.3 118.6 125.7

Terms of Trade 97.6 100.2 104.2 105.6 105.8

(a) Paasche unit value index is derived by using the rupee value index and the volume index. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (b) Provisional

Table 8.10 Exchange Rates – Year End 2009 – 2018 Sri Lanka Rupees per Unit of Foreign Currency

Country Currency 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Australia Dollar 101.99 112.88 115.58 132.24 116.67 107.64 105.10 108.43 119.10 128.87 Canada Dollar 109.29 110.90 111.58 127.83 122.73 113.12 103.89 111.17 121.61 134.08 Denmark Kroner 22.00 19.79 19.83 22.54 24.19 21.40 21.09 21.24 24.51 27.99 European Union Euro 163.72 147.56 147.42 168.13 180.45 159.42 157.37 157.87 182.49 208.99 Hong Kong Dollar 14.75 14.26 14.66 16.40 16.86 16.89 18.59 19.32 19.55 23.34 India Rupee 2.46 2.48 2.15 2.33 2.11 2.07 2.17 2.21 2.39 2.61 Japan Yen 1.24 1.36 1.47 1.48 1.25 1.10 1.20 1.29 1.36 1.65 Kuwait Dinar 398.27 394.12 408.73 452.16 463.01 447.86 474.48 489.30 505.92 601.37 Malaysia Ringgit 33.33 35.98 35.83 41.57 39.77 37.52 33.52 33.40 37.63 44.08 New Zealand Dollar 81.85 85.63 88.01 104.81 107.50 102.83 98.63 104.35 108.49 122.64 Norway Kroner 19.64 18.86 18.97 22.79 21.51 17.66 16.38 17.38 18.53 21.00 Pakistan Rupee 1.36 1.29 1.27 1.31 1.24 1.30 1.37 1.43 1.38 1.31 Saudi Arabia Riyal 30.49 29.59 30.37 33.91 34.86 34.92 38.39 39.93 40.76 48.71 Singapore Dollar 81.32 86.14 87.58 104.01 103.26 99.25 101.84 103.67 114.32 133.81 South Africa Rand 15.39 16.74 13.93 15.01 12.54 11.34 9.27 11.04 12.32 12.66 Sweden Kroner 15.83 16.45 16.50 19.56 20.36 16.93 17.12 16.49 18.53 20.37 Switzerland Franc 110.08 118.51 121.02 139.28 147.29 132.59 145.71 146.91 156.17 185.65 United Arab Emirates Dirham 31.14 30.21 31.01 34.62 35.60 35.68 39.23 40.79 41.61 49.75 United Kingdom Pound Sterling 181.75 171.41 175.45 205.47 215.58 204.04 213.57 184.04 205.54 231.86 United States of America Dollar 114.38 110.95 113.90 127.16 130.75 131.05 144.06 149.80 152.85 182.75

Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka 90 external trade and finance

Table 8.11(A) Balance of Payments(a) 2003 – 2011 Rs. Million

Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Trade Balance -148,324 -227,171 -253,082 -350,037 -404,703 -647,207 -358,707 -545,350 -1,073,900 Exports 495,426 583,967 638,276 716,579 845,683 878,499 813,911 974,387 1,167,588 Imports 643,750 811,138 891,359 1,066,615 1,250,386 1,525,705 1,172,618 1,519,737 2,241,488 Services (net) 38,443 42,735 34,043 26,660 33,357 43,557 44,780 79,766 121,635 Receipts 136,123 154,746 154,877 168,802 196,249 217,180 217,378 279,634 340,977 Payments 97,680 112,011 120,833 142,142 162,892 173,623 172,598 199,868 219,342 Income (net) -16,535 -20,688 -30,049 -40,424 -39,054 -105,032 -55,814 -69,776 -72,041 Receipts 16,385 15,813 3,629 32,457 50,213 -3,133 13,551 36,508 51,102 Payments 32,920 36,501 33,678 72,881 89,267 101,899 69,365 106,284 123,143 Goods, Services and Income (net) -126,416 -205,124 -249,088 -363,801 -410,400 -708,682 -369,740 -535,360 -1,024,306 Current Transfers (net) 119,791 139,710 183,842 208,385 255,684 288,639 345,498 413,885 513,216 Private Transfers (net) 116,350 136,672 174,542 197,861 245,006 277,711 336,578 407,967 506,630 Receipts 136,475 158,291 197,968 224,678 276,814 316,091 382,818 465,166 569,103 Payments 20,125 21,619 23,426 26,817 31,808 38,380 46,240 57,199 62,473 Official Transfers (net) 3,441 3,038 9,300 10,524 10,677 10,928 8,920 5,918 6,587 Current Account Balance -6,625 -65,414 -65,246 -155,416 -154,717 -420,042 -24,242 -121,475 -511,090 Capital and Financial Account (net) 69,723 60,539 123,865 190,769 230,978 193,714 299,381 322,035 458,639 Capital Account (net) 7,146 4,974 25,108 30,292 29,669 31,456 26,832 18,521 18,126 Capital Transfers (net) 7,146 4,974 25,108 30,292 29,669 31,456 26,832 18,521 18,126 Receipts 7,768 5,643 25,863 31,171 30,735 32,774 28,465 20,599 20,382 Payments 622 669 755 879 1,066 1,319 1,633 2,078 2,256 Financial Account 62,577 55,565 98,757 160,477 201,309 162,258 272,550 303,515 440,513 Long-term (net) 69,721 69,805 80,391 95,089 140,054 109,174 149,772 268,228 364,307 Direct Investment 19,450 22,826 23,505 46,985 60,768 74,837 44,112 49,008 99,265 Foreign Direct Investment (net) 16,557 21,948 23,505 46,985 60,768 74,837 44,112 49,008 99,265 Privatisation Proceeds 2,893 878 – – – – – – – Private Long-term (net) -3,201 2,270 1,054 -3,590 3,314 7,768 9,105 17,569 19,489 Inflows 9,738 17,503 19,739 14,469 22,033 28,693 44,795 65,934 34,376 Outflows 12,939 15,233 18,685 18,058 18,719 20,925 35,691 48,365 14,887 Government Long-term (net) 53,472 44,709 55,832 51,694 75,971 26,568 96,555 201,650 245,553 Inflows 88,106 78,299 75,309 97,690 144,146 114,658 204,435 276,582 333,307 Outflows 34,634 33,590 19,477 45,996 68,175 88,090 107,880 74,932 87,754 Short-term (net) 2,086 3,623 7,743 2,311 53,861 47,052 182,911 -82,412 -20,073 Portfolio Investment (net) 209 1,109 6,103 5,377 11,249 6,460 -785 -26,010 -18,979 Private Short-term (net) 1,877 2,514 1,640 -3,066 1,868 63,987 26,108 -116,655 -26,887 Government Short-term (net) – – – – 40,744 -23,395 157,588 60,252 25,794 Commercial Bank (net) -9,231 -17,863 10,623 63,076 7,394 6,031 -60,134 117,699 96,279 Commercial Bank Assets (net) -9,090 -45,367 -19,669 23,789 -31,352 17,889 -51,298 33,343 14,724 Commercial Bank Liabilities (net)(b) -141 27,504 30,292 39,287 38,746 -11,858 -8,836 84,356 81,555 Allocations of SDRs(c) – – – – – – 58,353 – – Errors and Omissions -14,487 -2,599 -10,494 -1,830 -16,259 80,534 40,082 -112,586 -53,399 Overall Balance 48,610 -7,474 48,125 33,523 60,002 -145,795 315,221 87,974 -105,850 Monetary Movements -48,610 7,474 -48,125 -33,523 -60,002 145,795 -315,221 -87,974 105,850 Average Exchange Rate Rs./US $ 96.52 101.19 100.50 103.96 110.62 108.33 114.94 113.06 110.57 Ratio to GDP in percentages(d) Trade Account -8.4 -10.9 -10.3 -11.9 -11.3 -14.7 -7.4 -9.7 -16.4 Current Account -0.4 -3.1 -2.7 -5.3 -4.3 -9.5 -0.5 -2.2 -7.8 Current Account without Grants -0.6 -3.3 -3.0 -5.7 -4.6 9.8 -0.7 -2.3 -7.9

(a) This presentation conforms as far as possible to the Balance of Payments Manual, 5th Edition (1993) Sources : Board of Investment of Sri Lanka of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In addition, beginning 1994, Offshore Banking Units have been Colombo Stock Exchange treated as a part of the domestic banking system. Department of Census and Statistics External Resources Department (b) Commercial Bank liabilities include US dollars 973 million inflows in the form of long-term foreign Sri Lanka Customs borrowings in 2012. Central Bank of Sri Lanka (c) General and special allocations of Special Drawings Rights (SDRs) by the IMF. (d) Based on GDP at current market prices published by the Department of Census and Statistics. 91 external trade and finance

Table 8.11(b) Balance of Payments(a) 2003 – 2011 US dollars Million

Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Trade Balance -1,539 -2,243 -2,516 -3,370 -3,656 -5,981 -3,122 -4,825 -9,710 Exports 5,133 5,757 6,347 6,883 7,640 8,111 7,085 8,626 10,559 Imports 6,672 8,000 8,863 10,253 11,296 14,091 10,207 13,451 20,269 Services (net) 399 419 338 257 302 401 391 707 1,099 Receipts 1,411 1,527 1,540 1,625 1,775 2,004 1,892 2,474 3,084 Payments 1,012 1,108 1,202 1,368 1,472 1,603 1,501 1,768 1,985 Income (net) -172 -204 -299 -389 -358 -972 -488 -617 -647 Receipts 170 157 35 311 449 -32 116 323 467 Payments 341 360 335 700 807 940 603 940 1,114 Goods, Services and Income (net) -1,312 -2,028 -2,478 -3,502 -3,712 -6,552 -3,219 -4,735 -9,258 Current Transfers (net) 1,241 1,380 1,828 2,004 2,311 2,666 3,005 3,660 4,643 Private Transfers (net) 1,205 1,350 1,736 1,904 2,214 2,565 2,927 3,608 4,583 Receipts 1,414 1,564 1,968 2,161 2,502 2,918 3,330 4,116 5,145 Payments 209 214 233 257 288 353 403 508 562 Official Transfers (net) 36 30 93 101 97 101 77 52 60 Current Account Balance -71 -648 -650 -1,499 -1,402 -3,886 -214 -1,075 -4,615 Capital and Financial Account (net) 722 631 1,224 1,808 2,097 1,774 2,594 2,877 4,262 Capital Account (net) 74 64 250 291 269 291 233 164 164 Capital Transfers (net) 74 64 250 291 269 291 233 164 164 Receipts 81 71 257 299 278 303 247 182 185 Payments 6 7 7 8 10 12 14 19 20 Financial Account 648 567 974 1,517 1,828 1,483 2,361 2,713 4,098 Long-term (net) 722 680 798 907 1,251 1,016 1,304 2,379 3,308 Direct Investment 201 227 234 451 548 691 384 435 896 Foreign Direct Investment (net) 171 217 234 451 548 691 384 435 896 Privatisation Proceeds 30 10 – – – – – – – Private Long-term (net) -33 14 11 -35 31 74 79 149 175 Inflows 101 169 197 139 199 265 390 580 310 Outflows 134 155 186 174 168 191 311 431 135 Government Long-term (net) 554 439 553 491 672 252 840 1,796 2,237 Inflows 913 771 747 932 1,290 1,059 1,780 2,460 3,026 Outflows 359 331 194 441 618 807 940 665 789 Short-term (net) 21 39 77 21 493 441 1,590 -730 -181 Portfolio Investment (net) 2 11 60 51 101 60 -6 -230 -171 Private Short-term (net) 19 28 16 -30 20 594 228 -1,032 -243 Government Short-term (net) – – – – 372 -213 1,369 531 233 Commercial Bank (net) 96 -152 100 590 83 26 -533 1,064 971 Commercial Bank Assets (net) -94 -354 -223 297 -281 210 -435 249 183 Commercial Bank Liabilities (net)(b) -2 202 323 293 364 -185 -98 815 788 Allocations of SDRs(c) – – – – – – 508 – – Errors and Omissions -148 -189 -72 -105 -165 728 346 -881 -708 Overall Balance 502 -205 501 204 531 -1,385 2,725 921 -1,061 Monetary Movements -502 205 -501 -204 -531 1,385 -2,725 -921 1,061 Average Exchange Rate Rs./US $ 96.52 101.19 100.50 103.96 110.62 108.33 114.94 113.06 110.57 Ratio to GDP in percentages(d) Trade Account -8.4 -10.9 -10.3 -11.9 -11.3 -14.7 -7.4 -9.7 -16.4 Current Account -0.4 -3.1 -2.7 -5.3 -4.3 -9.5 -0.5 -2.2 -7.8 Current Account without Grants -0.6 -3.3 -3.0 -5.7 -4.6 -9.8 -0.7 -2.3 -7.9

(a) This presentation conforms as far as possible to the Balance of Payments Manual, 5th Edition (1993) of Sources : Board of Investment of Sri Lanka the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In addition, beginning 1994, Offshore Banking Units have been Colombo Stock Exchange treated as a part of the domestic banking system. Department of Census and Statistics External Resources Department (b) Commercial Bank liabilities include US dollars 973 million inflows in the form of long-term foreign Sri Lanka Customs borrowings in 2012. Central Bank of Sri Lanka (c) General and special allocations of Special Drawings Rights (SDRs) by the IMF. (d) Based on GDP at current market prices published by the Department of Census and Statistics. 92 external trade and finance

Table 8.11(c) Balance of Payments(a)

Current Account (net) -257,524 -254,159 -351,341 -454,308 -1,883 -1,742 -2,309 -2,814

trade Balance -1,141,035 -1,293,627 -1,466,133 -1,673,111 -8,388 -8,873 -9,619 -10,343 Exports 1,431,431 1,500,766 1,732,440 1,933,533 10,546 10,310 11,360 11,890 Imports 2,572,467 2,794,393 3,198,572 3,606,644 18,935 19,183 20,980 22,233

Services (net) 316,170 419,338 503,332 611,233 2,325 2,879 3,302 3,766 Receipts 869,634 1,039,283 1,177,281 1,358,881 6,397 7,138 7,724 8,374 Payments 553,464 619,945 673,949 747,648 4,072 4,259 4,421 4,608

Primary Income (net) -274,740 -319,652 -352,856 -391,934 -2,013 -2,202 -2,319 -2,399 Receipts 17,253 18,499 26,394 42,620 127 127 173 262 Payments 291,994 338,151 379,250 434,554 2,140 2,329 2,492 2,661

Secondary Income (net) 842,082 939,782 964,316 999,504 6,193 6,453 6,327 6,163 Private Transfers (net) 838,471 936,990 962,682 998,303 6,167 6,434 6,316 6,155 Receipts 948,957 1,054,489 1,091,972 1,138,124 6,980 7,242 7,164 7,015 Payments 110,486 117,498 129,291 139,821 814 807 848 860 Official Transfers (net) 3,610 2,792 1,634 1,201 27 19 11 8

Capital Account (net) 6,256 3,745 1,667 2,265 46 25 11 14

Current Account + Capital Account (net) -251,268 -250,414 -349,674 -452,043 -1,836 -1,717 -2,298 -2,799

Financial Account (net) -346,198 -317,181 -329,233 -536,943 -2,312 -2,182 -2,123 -3,328 net Acquisition of Assets 121,053 7,128 450,791 -108,041 911 31 2,938 -591 Direct Investment 7,199 34,476 10,946 11,021 53 237 72 68 Portfolio Investment 3 -1 -12 6 … … … … Debt Securities 3 -1 -12 6 … … … … Other Investment 70,962 38,245 13,268 59,977 503 266 82 343 Currency and Deposits 21,127 538 12,094 14,605 143 5 78 80 Trade Credit and Advances 15,807 -17,114 5,293 23,941 116 -118 35 148 Other Accounts Receivable 34,028 54,821 -4,119 21,430 244 379 -31 116 Reserve Assets 42,890 -65,593 426,590 -179,045 354 -472 2,784 -1,002

net Incurrence of Liabilities 467,252 324,309 780,025 428,902 3,223 2,213 5,061 2,737 Direct Investment 93,528 131,839 210,027 260,215 680 897 1,373 1,611 Portfolio Investment 101,935 144,665 271,165 -2,281 686 993 1,771 129 Equity and Investment Fund Shares -8,185 3,684 54,606 -3,728 -60 24 359 -4 Debt Securities 110,121 140,981 216,559 1,446 747 969 1,413 134 Other Investment 271,788 47,806 298,832 170,968 1,857 323 1,916 997 Currency and Deposits 209,324 -87,671 -33,698 -107,187 1,457 -609 -228 -632 Loans 105,244 114,419 293,279 268,661 759 793 1,889 1,568 Trade Credit and Advances -54,437 12,466 29,436 32,629 -401 84 195 224 Other Accounts Payable 11,657 8,592 9,815 -23,135 41 55 61 -162

Errors and Omissions -94,930 -66,767 20,441 -84,899 -476 -465 175 -529

Overall balance -129,654 -46,013 330,004 -4,354 -1,489 -500 2,068 -1,103

(a) The above presentation conforms as far as possible to the Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka Balance of Payments Manual (BPM) 6th edition of the IMF. (b) Revised (c) Provisional … – Negligible 93 external trade and finance

Table 8.12 Workers’ Remittances 2009 – 2018

Region 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Rs. Million Middle East 229,298 279,688 335,201 428,593 460,195 509,487 512,437 566,260 565,642 582,719 European Union 69,287 81,905 97,886 136,752 149,812 165,858 166,068 186,645 199,831 212,829 Far East Asia 23,351 27,922 44,390 64,938 72,009 79,722 94,896 107,558 125,577 137,713 Europe – Other 17,035 20,011 25,610 35,143 39,729 43,984 41,754 48,506 50,231 50,077 North America 14,546 15,823 17,073 22,155 24,003 26,574 28,469 30,580 31,667 29,591 South East Asia 11,484 16,288 22,764 33,615 37,246 41,235 53,142 57,997 60,058 66,011 Australia and New Zealand 6,508 9,307 11,382 16,808 19,037 21,076 21,826 25,308 26,207 25,039 South Asia 4,594 6,515 5,691 11,460 10,760 11,912 13,285 15,817 16,380 25,039 South and Central America 3,254 3,956 4,553 6,112 7,449 8,247 8,541 7,381 7,644 5,691 Other 3,445 3,956 4,553 8,404 7,449 8,247 8,541 8,436 8,736 3,414 Total 382,801 465,372 569,103 763,980 827,689 916,344 948,957 1,054,489 1,091,972 1,138,124

US Dollars Million Middle East 1,995 2,474 3,030 3,358 3,562 3,902 3,769 3,889 3,711 3,592 European Union 603 724 885 1,071 1,160 1,270 1,222 1,282 1,311 1,312 Far East Asia 203 247 401 509 557 611 698 739 824 849 Europe – Other 148 177 232 275 308 337 307 333 330 309 North America 127 140 154 174 186 204 209 210 208 182 South East Asia 100 144 206 263 288 316 391 398 394 407 Australia and New Zealand 57 82 103 132 147 161 161 174 172 154 South Asia 40 58 51 90 83 91 98 109 107 154 South and Central America 28 35 41 48 58 63 63 51 50 35 Other 30 35 41 66 58 63 63 58 57 21 Total 3,330 4,116 5,145 5,985 6,407 7,018 6,980 7,242 7,164 7,015

Share (%) Middle East 59.9 60.1 58.9 56.1 55.6 55.6 54.0 53.7 51.8 51.2 European Union 18.1 17.6 17.2 17.9 18.1 18.1 17.5 17.7 18.3 18.7 Far East Asia 6.1 6.0 7.8 8.5 8.7 8.7 10.0 10.2 11.5 12.1 Europe – Other 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.4 North America 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.6 South East Asia 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.4 4.5 4.5 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.8 Australia and New Zealand 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.2 South Asia 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 2.2 South and Central America 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 Other 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.3 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

(a) Provisional Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka 94 external trade and finance

Table 8.13 Tourism 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Total Tourist Arrivals 447,890 654,476 855,975 1,005,605 1,274,593 1,527,153 1,798,380 2,050,832 2,116,407 2,333,796

Tourist Arrivals by Region Europe 196,433 292,378 364,459 445,464 546,732 633,160 700,900 804,504 842,868 1,017,861 Asia 174,534 244,124 333,841 380,289 509,653 650,810 822,272 938,697 962,395 966,731 North America 24,948 40,216 49,057 59,236 65,616 72,653 84,943 98,376 104,375 129,492 Australasia 26,068 37,290 46,467 57,776 60,836 65,252 71,672 83,851 92,003 125,069 Middle East 23,741 37,540 57,501 56,169 80,509 88,991 101,066 107,635 95,581 71,636 Africa 1,549 2,308 3,614 5,045 8,081 12,163 12,899 12,144 12,703 14,873 Latin America & Caribbeans 617 620 1,036 1,626 3,166 4,124 4,628 5,625 6,482 8,134

Tourist Arrivals by Purpose of Visits Pleasure 358,188 516,538 687,830 748,436 915,208 1,037,644 1,198,240 1,710,027 1,744,149(b) 1,979,819 Business 38,473 83,270 68,436 90,040 67,946 20,270 23,323 37,121 70,683(b) 71,255 Other 51,229 54,668 99,709 167,129 291,439 469,239 576,817 303,684 301,575(b) 282,722

Excursionist Arrivals 89,526 112,497 119,875 126,523 140,009 138,097 195,134 116,544 131,409 186,862

Total Charter Carrier Arrivals 5,469 14,675 15,122 18,681 17,387 5,965 4,068 13,144 51,379 n.a.

Establishments Providing Accommodation 871 783 906 1,199 967 1,599 1,763 1,940 2,094 2,312 Graded Establishments 242 253 252 269 279 334 354 382 401 457 Rooms 14,461 14,714 14,653 15,510 16,223 18,510 19,376 22,126 23,477 24,757 Beds 28,344 28,978 28,844 30,880 32,284 36,883 38,370 46,114 48,008 50,108 Supplementary Establishments 629 530 654 930 688 1,265 1,409 1,558 1,693 1,855 Rooms 5,946 5,895 6,141 8,207 7,373 9,016 10,702 11,535 12,509 13,457 Beds 11,654 11,210 11,601 13,347 14,450 18,340 20,211 21,570 23,469 27,236

Annual Room Occupancy Rate, % 48.4 70.1 77.1 71.2 71.7 74.3 74.5 74.8 73.3 72.8

Employment in Tourist Industry 124,970 132,055 138,685 162,869 270,150 299,890 319,436 335,659 359,215 388,487 Direct Employment 52,071 55,023 57,786 67,862 112,550 129,790 135,930 146,115 156,369 169,003 Estimated Indirect Employment 72,899 77,032 80,899 95,007 157,600 170,100 183,506 189,544 202,846 219,484

Gross Tourist Receipts Rs. Mn. 40,133 65,018 91,926 132,427 221,720 317,479 405,492 512,373 598,143 711,961 US $ Mn. 350 576 830 1,039 1,715 2,431 2,981 3,518 3,925 4,381

(a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority (b) Revised Central Bank of Sri Lanka n.a. – Not available Note : The term “tourist” is used to describe visitors who spend one night or more in the country. The term “excursionist” identifies those who do not make an overnight stay but spend several hours in the country. 95 external trade and finance

Table 8.14 External Debt and Debt Service Payments 2009 – 2018 Rs. Million

Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a) 2018(b)

External Debt Short-term 611,916 666,567 825,562 816,246 885,234 951,795 1,102,524 1,176,715 1,289,033 1,461,835 General Government – – 66,306 73,240 66,331 52,260 4,813 11,943 25,485 10,889 Central Bank – – 93,299 29,545 38,029 58,073 69,536 80,315 91,074 79,037 Deposit-Taking Corporations, except the Central Bank – – 383,427 470,619 507,795 622,035 830,153 862,694 877,443 978,188 Other Sectors – – 282,530 242,841 273,080 219,427 198,022 221,763 295,031 393,721 Long-term 1,780,313 2,088,449 2,904,462 3,901,083 4,332,500 4,672,034 5,357,141 5,722,601 6,598,871 8,097,627 General Government – – 2,243,132 2,740,138 2,848,167 3,110,214 3,550,762 4,010,319 4,767,272 5,838,680 Central Bank – – 287,627 421,676 348,424 238,604 337,135 221,335 203,083 281,572 Deposit-Taking Corporations, except the Central Bank – – – 154,471 375,872 443,737 488,860 453,102 454,081 366,713 Other Sectors – – 239,808 359,007 485,429 546,090 603,929 614,732 665,164 805,444 Direct Investment: Inter-company Lending – – 133,894 225,790 274,608 333,389 376,455 423,113 509,271 805,218

Total Debt Outstanding 2,392,229 2,755,017 3,730,024 4,717,329 5,217,735 5,623,829 6,459,666 6,899,316 7,887,904 9,559,463 % of GDP(c) 50 49 57 62 60 54 56 57 59 59

Debt Service Payments(d) 230,616 208,984 199,233 334,592 456,095 454,248 628,641 648,315 695,690 954,971 Amortization 189,621 138,941 121,246 222,916 319,749 303,347 467,546 472,270 482,750 682,374 Interest Payments 40,995 70,043 77,987 111,676 136,346 150,901 161,095 176,045 212,419 270,209

Earnings from Exports of merchandise and Services 1,031,289 1,254,021 1,508,565 1,730,467 1,949,158 2,185,039 2,301,065 2,540,049 2,909,720 3,292,414

Receipts from Exports of merchandise, Services Income and Current Transfers 1,436,578 1,761,613 2,135,356 2,519,483 2,796,568 3,125,336 3,253,633 3,615,829 4,029,721 4,474,357

Debt Service Ratio(e) Debt Service as a % of Exports and Services 22.4 16.7 13.2 19.7 26.8 21.7 28.2 25.6 23.9 28.9 Debt Service as a % of Merchandise and Services, Income and Current Transfers 16.1 11.9 9.3 13.5 18.7 15.2 19.8 18.0 17.3 21.3

Government Debt Service Payments (as a % of Total Debt Service Payments) 74.5 65.3 82.1 81.9 59.1 59.7 59.6 42.6 52.9 52.8

(a) Revised Sources : External Resources Department (b) Provisional Central Bank of Sri Lanka (c) Based on GDP at current market prices in rupees, as published by the Department of Census and Statistics. (d) External debt service payments were reclassified from 2008 onwards to capture debt servicing of government securities (i.e., foreign holding of Treasury bonds) in accordance with the External Debt Statistics Manual (2003) of the International Monetary Fund. (e) Debt Service Ratios are calculated based on US dollar million values. 96 money and capital markets

Table 9.1 Reserve Money 2009 – 2018 Rs. Million

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Reserve Money

Currency Holdings 217,430 255,652 293,233 318,060 339,771 416,895 491,700 552,778 598,054 640,943 Public 181,840 216,549 242,871 251,539 264,607 329,426 388,057 429,502 439,396 473,066 Commercial Banks 35,590 39,104 50,362 66,522 75,164 87,469 103,643 123,276 158,658 167,876

Commercial Banks’ Deposits with the Central Bank 86,086 104,853 146,269 166,288 148,810 161,009 181,727 303,251 341,712 320,106

Deposits of Govt. Agencies with the Central Bank 22 6 2 14 5 7 5 118 27 48

Total (Reserve Money) 303,537 360,511 439,504 484,362 488,586 577,912 673,432 856,147 939,793 961,096

Factors Determining Reserve Money

Net Foreign Assets of the Central Bank 412,202 505,463 340,090 396,468 529,128 688,007 576,187 558,589 846,139 750,541

Foreign Assets 685,659 862,534 838,607 965,910 1,058,355 1,129,975 1,126,674 1,049,800 1,328,413 1,402,591 Less: Foreign Liabilities 273,481 357,069 498,543 569,454 529,238 441,987 550,504 491,221 482,312 652,080

Net Credit to Govt. by the Central Bank 109,005 76,894 262,742 278,843 114,007 149,672 229,926 413,016 225,080 471,341 Gross Credit 111,331 79,977 264,540 279,529 114,419 149,976 230,349 413,350 225,377 471,642 Government & Govt. Guaranteed Securities 37,451 2,098 169,797 168,237 5,252 6,078 79,217 330,043 25,576 273,009 Advances 73,881 77,879 94,743 111,292 109,167 143,898 151,132 83,307 199,801 198,633 Cash Items in Collection 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Less: Govt. Deposits with the Central Bank 2,326 3,083 1,797 686 411 305 423 333 297 301

Central Bank Credit to Financial Institutions 1,137 2,460 2,132 1,022 14,993 16,749 -2,811 -2,067 3,005 -11,127

Net Other Assets of the Central Bank -218,807 -224,306 -165,461 -191,970 -169,538 -276,516 -129,869 -113,392 -134,430 -249,659

Other Assets 17,722 22,037 22,323 30,960 47,632 49,210 48,380 46,734 41,496 54,303 Less: Other Liabilities 236,529 246,343 187,784 222,931 217,170 325,726 178,250 160,125 175,927 303,962

Total (Reserve Money) 303,537 360,511 439,504 484,362 488,586 577,912 673,432 856,147 939,793 961,096

(a) Provisional Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka 97 money and capital markets

Table 9.2 Money Supply 2009 – 2018 Rs. Million

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015(a)(b) 2016 2017 2018(b)

Monetary Aggregates

Currency 217,430 255,652 293,233 318,060 339,771 416,895 491,700 552,778 598,054 640,943 Held by the Government – – – – – – – – – – Held by Commercial Banks 35,590 39,104 50,362 66,522 75,164 87,469 103,643 123,276 158,658 167,876 Held by the Public 181,840 216,549 242,871 251,539 264,607 329,426 388,057 429,502 439,396 473,066

Demand Deposits 428,429 593,437 771,688 867,583 818,293 832,129 999,640 1,015,251 1,091,379 1,211,806 Held by the Government 22,722 37,690 35,488 26,084 25,165 34,745 44,605 41,995 47,140 45,597 Held by Commercial Banks 250,837 365,104 540,364 642,989 573,157 514,655 628,103 626,134 690,336 808,482 Held by the Public 154,870 190,643 195,836 198,510 219,971 282,729 326,931 347,123 353,903 357,727

) 336,710 407,192 438,707 450,049 484,578 612,155 714,988 776,624 793,299 830,793 Narrow Money Supply (M1 Time and Savings Deposits held by the public Held in Rupee Deposits 1,200,045 1,405,808 1,753,896 2,143,136 2,574,215 2,848,402 3,342,224 4,046,935 4,872,014 5,596,536 Held in Rupee and Foreign Currency Deposits 1,469,459 1,684,216 2,053,032 2,479,021 2,933,275 3,263,698 3,850,929 4,628,972 5,514,762 6,297,503 Broad Money Supply (M )(c) 1,536,755 1,813,000 2,192,603 2,593,185 3,058,793 3,460,558 4,057,212 4,823,559 5,665,313 6,427,330 2 Consolidated Broad Money Supply (M )(d) 1,806,169 2,091,408 2,491,740 2,929,070 3,417,853 3,875,853 4,565,917 5,405,596 6,308,062 7,128,297 2b

Underlying Factors M 2 Net External Banking Assets 358,554 390,284 150,916 112,395 133,808 318,203 206,923 167,111 534,863 548,448 Domestic Credit 1,630,858 1,920,515 2,628,418 3,176,184 3,601,713 3,923,201 4,827,980 5,849,104 6,616,026 7,682,926 Net Credit to Government 513,843 494,804 735,562 912,850 1,109,663 1,227,794 1,387,792 1,667,525 1,801,707 2,114,526 By Central Bank 109,005 76,894 262,742 278,843 114,007 149,672 229,926 413,016 225,080 471,341 By Commercial Banks(e) 404,838 417,911 472,819 634,007 995,656 1,078,123 1,157,867 1,254,509 1,576,627 1,643,185 Public Corporations(f) 73,233 91,927 71,385 91,258 164,674 197,013 261,815 308,382 342,354 432,854 Co-operatives 1,830 1,829 2,131 2,453 1,976 1,936 1,828 1,892 2,635 2,222 Other Private 1,041,952 1,331,955 1,819,341 2,169,623 2,325,400 2,496,458 3,176,544 3,871,305 4,469,330 5,133,325 Credit to Private Sector(f) 1,043,782 1,333,784 1,821,472 2,172,076 2,327,376 2,498,394 3,178,372 3,873,197 4,471,965 5,135,547 Other items (Net)(e) -452,658 -497,799 -586,730 -695,395 -676,729 -780,846 -977,690 -1,192,656 -1,485,576 -1,804,045

Total: Broad Money Supply (M ) 1,536,755 1,813,000 2,192,603 2,593,185 3,058,793 3,460,558 4,057,212 4,823,559 5,665,313 6,427,330 2

Reserve Money 303,537 360,511 439,504 484,362 488,586 577,912 673,432 856,147 939,793 961,096

Money Supply (12 Month Average) M 284,673 362,717 426,005 437,590 455,925 528,688 643,308 719,173 758,358 799,004 1 M 1,400,494 1,662,475 2,008,806 2,398,836 2,854,327 3,247,201 3,720,369 4,397,202 5,299,757 6,130,920 2 M 1,665,465 1,920,181 2,291,879 2,752,434 3,206,259 3,630,606 4,186,260 4,942,840 5,909,735 6,775,028 2b

Money Multiplier(g) : of M 1 1.11 1.13 1.00 0.93 0.99 1.06 1.06 0.91 0.84 0.86 of M 2 5.06 5.03 4.99 5.35 6.26 5.99 6.02 5.63 6.03 6.69 of M 2b 5.95 5.80 5.67 6.05 7.00 6.71 6.78 6.31 6.71 7.42 Velocity of Money(h) of M 1 16.99 17.68 16.95 19.96 21.04 19.60 17.02 16.68 17.69 18.08 of M 2 3.45 3.86 3.59 3.64 3.36 3.19 2.94 2.73 2.53 2.36 of M 2b 2.90 3.34 3.15 3.17 2.99 2.85 2.62 2.43 2.27 2.13

Note: Monetary data from 1990 have been reclassified to be consistent with the standard international practice. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (a) DFCC Bank which operated as a Licensed Specialised Bank was amalgamated with the DFCC Vardhana Bank and operates as a Licensed Commercial Bank namely, DFCC Bank PLC with effect from 01 October 2015. (b) Provisional. (c) Total Narrow Money (Currency + Demand deposits held by the public) + Time and Saving deposits (Rupees) held by the public. (d) Total Narrow Money + Time and Savings Deposits (Rupee and foreign currency deposits) held by the public with commercial Banks. (e) Restructuring bonds worth Rs.19,392.6 million, which were issued by the government to the two state banks, have been converted to Treasury bonds upon their maturity in October 2006. This amount, which previously appeared under Other Assets has been included in Treasury Bonds since October 2006. (f) Revised. (g) Ratio of Money Supply to Reserve Money. (h) Ratio of GDP to Money Supply (Average). 98 money and capital markets

Table 9.3

Broad Money Supply (M2b) 2009 – 2018 Rs. Million

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015(a) 2016 2017 2018(b)

Narrow Money Supply (M ) 336,710 407,192 438,707 450,049 484,578 612,155 714,988 776,624 793,299 830,793 1 Currency in Circulation 181,840 216,549 242,871 251,539 264,607 329,426 388,057 429,502 439,396 473,066 Demand Deposits 154,870 190,643 195,836 198,510 219,971 282,729 326,931 347,123 353,903 357,727

Time and Savings Deposits (TSD) 1,469,459 1,684,216 2,053,032 2,479,021 2,933,275 3,263,698 3,850,929 4,628,972 5,514,762 6,297,503 Domestic Banking Units 1,395,205 1,599,421 1,971,706 2,366,037 2,809,888 3,121,032 3,674,360 4,439,938 5,298,564 6,071,118 Foreign Currency Banking Units 74,254 84,796 81,326 112,984 123,387 142,666 176,569 189,034 216,198 226,386

Broad Money Supply M (M + TSD) 1,806,169 2,091,408 2,491,740 2,929,070 3,417,853 3,875,853 4,565,917 5,405,596 6,308,062 7,128,297 2b 1 Net Foreign Assets 401,880 377,442 98,057 25,831 76,325 15,126 -298,163 231,238 121,538 -67,007 Monetary Authorities(c) 412,202 505,463 340,090 396,468 529,128 688,007 576,187 558,589 846,139 750,541 Commercial Banks -10,323 -128,021 -242,033 -422,299 -605,453 -672,881 -874,350 -789,827 -724,601 -817,548 Domestic Banking Units -6,768 -66,558 -63,757 -121,878 -231,155 -220,947 -295,864 -325,659 -290,761 -341,769 Foreign Currency Banking Units -3,555 -61,464 -178,276 -300,421 -374,299 -451,934 -578,486 -464,168 -433,840 -475,779

Net Domestic Assets 1,404,288 1,713,966 2,393,683 2,954,901 3,494,178 3,860,727 4,864,081 5,636,834 6,186,524 7,195,304 Domestic Credit 1,907,748 2,262,861 3,037,970 3,696,131 4,200,783 4,640,146 5,732,034 6,671,677 7,504,715 8,831,966 Net Credit to the Government 640,326 627,185 833,610 1,045,232 1,301,342 1,435,900 1,759,492 1,972,133 2,168,517 2,515,235 Central Bank 109,005 76,894 262,742 278,843 114,007 149,672 229,926 413,016 225,080 471,341 Commercial Banks(d) 531,321 550,291 570,868 766,389 1,187,335 1,286,228 1,529,566 1,559,116 1,943,438 2,043,894 Domestic Banking Units 404,838 417,911 472,819 634,007 995,656 1,078,123 1,157,867 1,254,509 1,576,627 1,643,185 Foreign Currency Banking Units 126,483 132,380 98,048 132,382 191,678 208,105 371,699 304,608 366,811 400,709 Credit to Public Corporations 73,233 144,578 198,500 292,477 365,098 450,924 530,669 513,768 536,982 755,380 Domestic Banking Units 73,233 91,927 71,385 91,258 164,674 197,013 261,815 308,382 342,354 432,854 Foreign Currency Banking Units 0 52,651 127,115 201,219 200,424 253,911 268,853 205,386 194,628 322,526 Credit to Private Sector 1,194,189 1,491,099 2,005,860 2,358,421 2,534,343 2,753,322 3,441,874 4,185,777 4,799,215 5,561,351 Domestic Banking Units 1,043,782 1,333,784 1,821,472 2,172,076 2,327,376 2,498,394 3,178,372 3,873,197 4,471,965 5,135,547 Foreign Currency Banking Units 150,406 157,315 184,388 186,345 206,967 254,928 263,502 312,579 327,250 425,805

Other Items (Net)(d) -503,460 -548,895 -644,287 -741,230 -706,605 -779,418 -867,954 -1,034,843 -1,318,191 -1,636,662 Monetary Authorities and Domestic Banking Units -304,379 -352,808 -494,337 -634,688 -605,221 -657,074 -718,954 -865,472 -1,079,540 -1,189,788 Foreign Currency Banking Units -199,080 -196,087 -149,950 -106,541 -101,384 -122,344 -149,000 -169,371 -238,651 -446,874

Broad Money Supply M 1,806,169 2,091,408 2,491,740 2,929,070 3,417,853 3,875,853 4,565,917 5,405,596 6,308,062 7,128,297 2b

(a) DFCC Bank which operated as a Licensed Specialised Bank was amalgamated with the DFCC Vardhana Bank Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka and operates as a Licensed Commercial Bank namely, DFCC Bank PLC with effect from 01 October 2015. (b) Provisional. (c) This includes NFA of the Central Bank as well as the government Crown Agent's balance reported by the Department of State Accounts. (d) Restructuring bonds worth Rs. 19,392.6 million, which were issued by the government to the two state banks have been converted to Treasury bonds upon their maturity in October 2006. This amount, which previously appeared under Other Assets has been included in Net Credit to Government since October 2006. 99 money and capital markets

Table 9.4 Interest Rates 2009 – 2018 Per centum per annum

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Policy Interest Rates Standing Deposit Facility Rate (SDFR)(a) 7.50 7.25 7.00 7.50 6.50 6.50 6.00 7.00 7.25 8.00 Standing Lending Facility Rate (SLFR)(a) 9.75 9.00 8.50 9.50 8.50 8.00 7.50 8.50 8.75 9.00 Central Bank Advance Rate (Bank Rate) 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 Inter-bank Call Rates 8.63–9.40 7.75–8.15 8.75–9.10 9.50–9.85 7.50–7.75 6.00–6.50 6.40 8.40–8.44 8.10–8.25 8.90–9.00

Treasury Bill Yield Rates (Year end) Primary Market 3 Months 7.73 7.24 8.68 10.00 7.54 5.74 6.45 8.72 7.69 10.01 6 Months 8.73 7.35 8.71 11.32 7.85 5.84 6.83 9.63 8.30 9.99 12 Months 9.33 7.55 9.31 11.69 8.29 6.01 7.30 10.17 8.90 11.20 Treasury Bonds, Yield to Maturity 2 Year Bonds 9.55 (Dec) 8.27 (Aug) 7.77 (Feb) 13.62 (Jul) – – 6.70 (Jun) 11.04 (Jul) 9.83 (Aug) – 3 Year Bonds 12.83 (Jul) 8.15 (Dec) 7.99 (Jan) 13.50 (May) 10.87 (Aug) – 8.18 (Jul) 11.62 (Jul) 9.55 (Dec) 11.88 (Dec) 4 Year Bonds 9.78 (Dec) 8.60 (Dec) 8.20 (Jul) 14.10 (Jul) – – 8.91 (Nov) 11.94 (Dec) 11.14 (Jul) – 5 Year Bonds 10.32 (Oct) 8.76 (Sep) 8.60 (Jun) 14.15 (Jun) 10.64 (Oct) 8.93 (May) 9.79 (Dec) 11.76 (Aug) 10.20 (Nov) 11.69 (Oct) 6 Year Bonds 9.92 (Oct) 8.93 (Sep) 8.85 (Oct) 14.25 (Jul) 10.97 (Feb) – 9.90 (Sep) 12.03 (Jul) – – Secondary Market(b) 3 Months 7.78 7.26 8.60 10.10 7.63 5.60 6.58 8.65 7.65 9.66 6 Months 8.78 7.36 8.78 11.30 8.05 5.85 6.80 9.57 8.27 9.96 12 Months 9.58 7.55 9.25 11.65 8.23 5.95 7.25 10.17 8.87 10.91

Rupee Securities Rate 14 – – – – – – – – –

Commercial Bank Deposit Rates Savings 1.50–10.50 1.50–9.50 1.00–8.50 0.75–10.50 0.75–9.14 0.50–8.00 0.50–8.00 0.50–9.00 0.50–9.50 0.50–8.50 AWDR 8.01 6.23 7.24 10.10 9.37 6.20 6.20 8.17 9.07 8.81 Fixed Deposits 3 Months 3.00–19.00 4.75–8.50 4.75–11.25 5.00–16.25 5.70–15.00 3.50–7.00 3.10–11.10 4.00–13.50 4.00–12.75 4.00–13.80 6 Months 6.00–18.00 5.00–9.75 5.50–11.00 5.00–16.25 6.20–12.25 3.90–8.75 3.90–9.50 4.50–13.50 4.00–13.50 4.50–14.00 12 Months 7.25–19.00(c) 5.05–17.00 5.55–11.00 5.00–17.00 6.00–16.00 3.95–12.00 3.95–15.00 4.50–15.00 4.89–15.00 4.53–15.00 AWFDR 10.91 8.20 8.95 13.21 11.78 7.33 7.57 10.46 11.48 10.85

NSB Deposit Rates Savings 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.25 4.00 4.00 Fixed Deposits 6 Months 8.50 7.50 7.50 13.00 9.25 6.00 7.00 10.75 10.75 10.25 12 Months 9.50 8.50 8.50 12.50 9.50 6.50 7.25 11.00 11.00 10.50

Commercial Bank Advance Rates Prime Lending Rate 11.12 9.27 10.49 14.29 9.96 6.35 7.40 11.73 11.33 11.94 Loans Secured by Government Securities 9.00–24.00 9.00–22.00 6.85–22.00 9.00–21.00 9.00–18.00 6.60–24.00 6.00–14.25 5.00–20.00 8.00–16.00 8.00–16.00 Unsecured Loans 6.00–40.80 6.00–35.00 6.00–35.00 7.00–32.00 7.00–24.00 5.44–24.00 2.50–24.00 3.50–24.00 4.07–36.87 3.50–29.00 Bills Purchased and Discounted 4.58–24.00 5.25–20.00 4.55–20.00 4.70–22.00 4.50–22.00 3.25–22.00 3.00–22.58 2.00–24.00 6.00–27.00 6.00–27.00

International Interest Rates (Period Average) LIBOR on US dollar Deposits Overnight 0.23 0.23 0.16 0.15 0.13 0.09 0.14 0.41 1.03 1.84 7-Days 0.28 0.26 0.20 0.19 0.16 0.12 0.16 0.44 1.06 1.89 1-Month 0.33 0.27 0.23 0.24 0.19 0.16 0.20 0.50 1.11 2.02 3-Months 0.69 0.34 0.34 0.43 0.27 0.23 0.32 0.74 1.26 2.31 6-Months 1.12 0.52 0.51 0.69 0.41 0.33 0.49 1.06 1.48 2.49 1-Year 1.57 0.92 0.83 1.01 0.68 0.56 0.80 1.38 1.79 2.76 LIBOR on 3-Months Deposits Euro 1.23 0.81 1.39 0.57 0.15 0.18 -0.02 -0.28 -0.37 -0.36 Japanese Yen 0.48 0.23 0.19 0.19 0.16 0.13 0.09 -0.02 -0.02 -0.05 Swiss Franc 0.38 0.19 0.12 0.07 0.02 0.01 -0.75 -0.75 -0.73 -0.74 Pound Sterling (Paris Market) 1.20 0.70 0.87 0.83 0.51 0.54 0.57 0.50 0.36 0.72

Note : Domestic interest rates represent the year end position. LIBOR : London Inter Bank Offered Rate Sources : International Financial Statistics AWDR : Average Weighted Deposit Rate (a) The Repurchase rate and the Reverse Repurchase rate of the Federal Reserve Economic Data AWFDR : Average Weighted Fixed Deposit Rate Central Bank were renamed as the Standing Deposit Facility Rate Central Bank of Sri Lanka (SDFR) and Standing Lending Facility Rate (SLFR), respectively, w.e.f. 2 January 2014. (b) Based on weekly summary report of primary and secondary market transactions and weighted average yield rates. (c) Revised 100 money and capital markets

Table 9.5 Government Debt Securities Market 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)(b)

Treasury Bills Primary Market Amount Issued / Sold, Rs. Mn. 821,211 1,000,069 1,164,570 1,649,984 1,235,304 1,121,705 1,589,527 1,635,349 1,624,266 1,653,259 Purchased by Central Bank 190,326 133,823 217,584 485,332 334,764 337,659 564,159 790,738 513,092 724,051 Others 630,885 866,246 946,986 1,164,652 900,540 784,046 1,025,368 844,611 1,111,174 929,208 Weighted Average Price, Rs. – Year End (Per Rs. 100 worth Treasury bill) 3 Months 98.12 98.22 97.88 97.56 98.15 98.59 98.43 97.87 97.91 97.56 6 Months 95.86 96.45 95.83 94.64 96.22 97.16 96.77 95.41 95.59 95.24 12 Months 91.47 92.98 91.48 89.54 92.35 94.34 93.36 90.77 91.00 89.93 Weighted Average Yield, % – Year End 3 Months 7.67 7.24 8.68 10.00 7.54 5.74 6.38 8.72 7.69 10.01 6 Months 8.65 7.35 8.71 11.32 7.85 5.84 6.69 9.63 8.30 9.99 12 Months 9.32 7.55 9.31 11.69 8.29 6.00 7.11 10.17 8.90 11.20 Weighted Average Yield, % - Average 3 Months 11.43 7.84 7.28 10.72 8.95 6.58 6.32 8.26 9.10 8.40 6 Months 12.18 8.41 7.21 12.29 9.91 6.57 6.50 9.23 9.81 8.58 12 Months 12.76 8.42 7.41 12.14 10.65 6.73 6.60 10.20 10.07 9.67 Overall Average 12.25 8.31 7.31 11.81 10.45 6.68 6.46 9.24 9.77 9.35 Central Bank Secondary Treasury Bill Market Sales (Discounts), Rs. Mn. 70,185 13,250 – 18,448 128,750 – 127,855 39,600 110,325 63,725 Purchases (Re-discounts), Rs. Mn. – – – – – – – 15,770 – 40,497 Outstanding Treasury Bills by Ownership, Rs. Mn.(c) Central Bank 37,451 2,993 169,797 154,005 3,053 123,496 104,754 331,389 9,908 45,797 Commercial Banks 160,081 220,358 185,756 219,748 443,951 278,296 340,664 244,139 463,198 489,199 Employees’ Provident Fund 420 5,969 – 33,410 13,969 1,000 – 41,057 74,475 36,321 Other Provident Funds – 15 1,279 122 45 – 162 77 49 1,091 Savings Institutions 42,677 52,541 58,733 61,972 68,328 47,945 67,766 18,049 38,378 21,881 Insurance & Finance Companies 7,192 12,072 11,010 19,097 28,629 47,461 47,388 57,918 58,093 64,628 Departments & Other Official Funds 21,452 20,636 5,968 2,566 8,114 10,986 7,570 7,616 760 3,036 Private and Other 171,757 199,858 158,344 138,149 134,048 185,582 89,937 79,336 52,293 84,933 Foreign Investors(d) 40,410 57,317 70,123 80,184 73,916 55,500 5,045 12,816 27,552 11,909 Total 481,441 571,759 661,008 709,254 774,053 750,267 663,285 792,396 724,706 758,796 Treasury Bonds Primary Market Issues, Rs. Mn. 701,438 508,576 602,951 847,899 1,017,134 860,695 869,923 663,616 548,815 763,020 Yield to Maturity, % 2 Year Bonds 16.32 9.46 7.77 11.30 – – 6.70 11.04 9.92 – 3 Year Bonds 17.01 9.01 7.99 11.11 10.95 – 8.18 11.62 – 11.88 4 Year Bonds 14.29 9.65 8.23 11.58 – – 8.91 10.61 11.13 – 5 Year Bonds 11.20 9.31 8.55 13.32 10.95 8.93 9.79 11.76 10.20 11.69 6 Year Bonds – 9.19 8.84 12.5 – – 9.90 12.03 11.21 – 7 Year Bonds – 9.19 8.84 12.5 – – 9.65 12.18 12.92 10.32 8 Year Bonds – 9.15 8.91 14.4 11.51 7.15 10.82 10.96 10.33 12.23 9 Year Bonds – – 9.00 – 11.77 – – 12.08 12.91 12.16 10 Year Bonds 13.39 9.59 9.15 14.00 11.8 9.23 10.94 11.06 10.13 12.23 12 Year Bonds – – 9.10 – 12.09 – – 13.72 – – 15 Year Bonds – – 9.30 – 12.17 8.63 11.00 14.23 – 10.88 20 Year Bonds – – – 11.00 12.19 11.32 11.45 – – – 30 Year Bonds – – – – 12.18 11.75 11.73 12.09 – – Rupee Securities Primary Market Issues, Rs. Mn. 1,904 – – – – – – – – – Rate of Interest, % 14 – – – – – – – – – Outstanding Securities by Ownership, Rs. Mn.(c)(e) Commercial Banks 188,576 162,215 206,547 244,770 386,398 595,067 517,613 731,942 803,455 658,106 Employees’ Provident Fund 718,717 814,451 927,374 1,117,360 1,356,389 1,450,144 1,612,461 1,737,219 1,855,665 2,110,855 Other Provident Funds 13,766 19,872 7,550 30,639 35,031 315 42,713 48,060 – 42,549 Savings Institutions 195,588 221,805 246,418 261,309 285,915 327,932 358,470 406,722 407,415 471,095 Insurance & Finance Companies 33,194 33,624 34,410 31,711 26,636 42,742 58,808 87,124 68,305 56,937 Departments & Other Official Funds 21,949 36,963 37,006 37,596 187,904 210,598 245,045 264,014 285,278 311,688 Private & Other 341,722 354,957 359,946 371,669 174,087 217,255 470,138 439,707 402,501 489,431 Foreign Investors(f) 145,124 183,538 199,531 317,604 403,486 401,710 298,734 247,222 295,059 146,914 Total 1,658,636 1,827,425 2,018,782 2,412,657 2,855,846 3,245,764 3,603,982 3,962,009 4,117,679 4,287,576

(a) Provisional Sources : Ministry of Finance (b) Withholding Tax (WHT) of 10% imposed on interest of Government securities since 02nd May 2002 was removed, Central Bank of Sri Lanka effective from 01st April 2018. (c) Adjusted for secondary market transactions. (d) Includes rupee denominated Treasury bills held by foreign investors. (e) Excludes Treasury bonds amounting to Rs. 78,447 million issued to settle dues to CPC in January 2012. Due to maturing of some of those bonds in January 2017, the outstanding amount remained as Rs. 56,662 million. (f) Includes rupee denominated Treasury bonds held by foreign investors. 101 money and capital markets

Table 9.6 Share Market Indicators 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017(a) 2018(b)

Turnover, Rs. Mn. 142,463 570,327 546,256 213,827 200,468 340,917 253,251 176,935 220,591 200,069 Daily Turnover Average, Rs. Mn. 594 2,396 2,286 884 828 1,415 1,060 737 915 834 No. of Trades 1,266,299 3,355,126 4,579,352 1,857,384 1,421,303 1,982,709 1,506,790 1,056,849 981,977 885,657 No. of Shares Traded, Mn. 4,763 18,489 24,544 9,691 9,054 16,722 9,415 7,196 8,468 6,001 Traded Shares as a % of Total Listed Shares 16.7 45.3 42.4 13.6 12.1 21.2 11.1 8.0 9.0 6.0 Turnover as a % of GDP 2.9 8.9 7.6 2.4 2.1 3.3 2.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 Turnover as a % of Market Capitalization 18.0 34.5 24.7 9.8 8.7 12.3 8.4 6.2 7.6 7.0

Non-National Transactions (Net), Rs. Mn. 789 26,335 -19,039 38,661 22,734 21,139 5,372 384 17,657 23,247 Purchases 43,057 92,426 49,777 72,614 83,607 104,690 84,415 74,583 112,285 77,067 Sales 43,846 118,761 68,816 33,954 60,873 83,551 89,784 74,199 94,627 100,315

Total Number of Shares Listed(c), Mn. 28,555 40,791 57,894 71,276 75,028 78,751 84,920 89,638 94,476 100,418 Market Capitalization(c), Rs. Bn. 1,092.1 2,210.5 2,213.9 2,167.6 2,459.9 3,104.9 2,938.0 2,745.4 2,899.3 2,839.5 Market Capitalization as a % of GDP 22.6 34.5 30.7 24.8 25.6 30.0 26.8 23.2 21.6 19.7

No. of New Shares Offered, Mn. 45 455 1460 253 80 573 107 172 151 170 Value of New Shares, Rs. Mn.(d) 1,219 4,347 19,156 1,739 494 2,694 330 1,898 960 1,953 No. of New Issues 3 8 13 6 1 6 2 3 1 3

No. of Listed Companies 231 241 272 287 289 294 294 295 296 297

CSE All Share Price Index (1985 = 100) 3,385.6 6,635.9 6,074.4 5,643.0 5,912.8 7,299.0 6,895.0 6,228.3 6,369.3 6,052.4

S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index(e) (2004 = 1,000) – – – 3,085.3 3,263.9 4,089.1 3,626.0 3,496.4 3,671.7 3,135.2

Market Price Earning Ratio (PER)(c) 16.6 25.2 15.8 15.9 15.9 19.7 18.0 12.4 10.6 9.7

Market Dividend Yield(c), % 3.0 1.2 1.8 2.4 2.9 2.1 2.2 2.8 3.2 3.1

Market Price to Book Value Ratio(c) 1.7 3.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.4 1.3 1.2

GDP at Market Prices, Rs. Mn. 4,835,293 6,413,668 7,219,106 8,732,463 9,592,125 10,361,152 10,951,695 11,906,752 13,418,287 14,449,931

(a) Revised Sources : Colombo Stock Exchange (b) Provisional Central Bank of Sri Lanka (c) As at end of December (d) Par value and premium (e) Introduced in June 2012, replacing the Milanka Price Index 102 money and capital markets

Table 9.7 Share Trading Indicators by Business Sector 2017 – 2018

Indicator Banks, Beverages, Chemicals Construction Diversified Footwear Health Hotels Investment Infor- Land Manu- Motors Oil Planta- Power Services Stores Tele- Trading & Insurance Food & & Pharma– & Holdings & Care & Trusts mation & facturing Palms tions & & communi- Quarter & Finance Tobacco ceuticals Engineering Textiles Travels Technology Property Energy Supplies cation

Shares Traded, ’000

2017 1st Quarter 271,207.8 53,219.3 8,870.0 35,253.2 548,478.9 7,069.8 38,042.3 80,667.0 8,718.8 5,023.6 325,826.5 131,840.4 403.5 29.5 31,077.1 79,104.2 2,491.6 34.6 109,756.4 31,971.4 2nd Quarter 633,589.5 33,026.2 16,441.2 35,372.6 1,030,778.4 13,196.3 17,776.0 113,469.2 15,251.5 17,462.1 24,861.6 238,233.1 1,836.4 73.0 30,313.8 224,480.9 11,765.5 28.2 123,953.7 51,799.6 3rd Quarter 646,269.5 48,770.7 14,580.1 84,777.3 700,055.9 9,944.4 9,644.5 61,913.0 17,454.3 23,484.1 26,099.9 158,286.9 809.3 50.4 103,331.3 34,565.6 43,795.0 48.9 69,872.3 341,120.5 4th Quarter 544,134.2 41,886.1 14,523.5 75,429.3 220,453.1 4,660.6 35,494.1 77,461.2 13,739.1 4,304.2 112,258.4 137,204.3 33,219.9 347.7 74,032.7 37,969.5 31,249.8 22.1 180,026.8 32,188.3

2018 1st Quarter 905,195.1 33,886.7 9,727.1 62,211.7 386,556.6 3,904.2 9,834.5 78,787.1 11,956.0 2,691.7 95,997.0 99,139.8 643.5 8,860.6 22,916.6 69,724.1 143,315.7 69.2 53,853.6 22,974.4 2nd Quarter 419,113.8 85,855.9 3,387.0 26,683.6 335,441.5 3,752.6 4,667.0 35,841.1 5,964.4 746.3 96,069.4 133,953.1 1,053.7 58.9 14,007.2 88,449.7 9,109.3 38.9 57,768.9 28,974.5 3rd Quarter 412,863.2 36,781.7 2,394.7 21,437.4 260,550.8 4,109.2 4,444.8 95,836.2 16,754.4 665.9 30,135.9 66,530.3 757.8 19.4 35,663.5 32,181.1 9,541.8 121.5 38,677.8 47,127.7 4th Quarter 389,858.5 45,674.8 2,940.8 72,185.3 322,662.1 277,576.5 1,789.6 35,248.8 6,395.0 374.5 12,396.0 88,832.7 493.7 10.3 9,098.1 101,405.6 16,463.8 10.1 68,440.2 59,104.1

Turnover, Rs. ’000

2017 1st Quarter 7,774,543.1 4,394,274.2 81,482.4 915,251.5 19,725,992.9 119,021.3 968,803.7 1,059,296.2 210,316.5 4,978.6 223,200.8 6,098,163.3 41,367.5 9,496.6 504,969.0 507,010.7 10,659.5 9,492.1 1,240,042.1 1,662,538.8 2nd Quarter 19,876,728.1 5,473,135.4 100,054.8 932,502.5 23,861,142.2 227,733.2 324,233.6 739,652.1 389,473.1 10,225.1 362,884.0 8,886,474.3 154,906.2 20,363.3 534,854.7 1,083,300.9 92,785.4 20,476.0 1,488,681.1 390,724.7 3rd Quarter 11,923,642.1 3,191,948.5 196,729.1 1,497,475.3 15,329,227.8 171,399.6 159,162.2 268,875.3 419,544.6 34,558.0 466,463.5 6,295,778.2 74,540.2 12,230.5 1,622,534.5 477,159.2 199,343.7 38,614.1 835,140.8 11,828,161.4 4th Quarter 22,686,174.2 5,153,352.0 84,594.8 1,096,860.5 11,637,466.9 73,935.0 387,490.3 501,878.8 469,565.1 18,536.1 1,379,738.6 4,259,045.2 2,615,284.8 88,223.9 1,479,306.4 403,783.8 141,690.9 14,500.4 2,381,138.6 144,911.1

2018 1st Quarter 40,503,121.4 3,799,453.7 127,761.9 853,477.5 15,210,212.5 60,640.5 233,941.2 453,000.2 307,830.2 5,885.4 1,463,092.5 2,635,858.7 62,382.6 1,772,206.1 404,755.9 1,165,667.0 494,392.4 36,630.9 738,008.6 76,501.5 2nd Quarter 15,270,854.7 2,541,268.7 112,467.9 420,005.7 13,979,724.7 47,582.7 90,935.2 235,103.2 147,542.3 4,128.4 880,714.3 3,324,303.9 94,285.2 13,299.1 212,061.5 631,134.4 44,387.4 27,938.2 826,245.9 85,842.1 3rd Quarter 10,611,115.8 3,104,187.9 48,987.0 249,501.2 12,994,874.9 42,852.9 108,172.3 751,178.4 352,908.3 3,113.6 335,816.8 1,635,801.7 72,416.7 4,396.3 289,943.8 324,203.2 27,116.2 54,020.6 503,963.7 78,042.3 4th Quarter 17,932,482.3 2,276,919.2 24,222.2 1,050,227.3 24,712,816.3 6,794,055.1 26,515.8 185,114.7 101,819.3 1,726.6 152,526.2 2,469,542.3 41,409.5 2,508.5 159,241.6 602,782.4 48,266.0 6,114.8 761,256.2 1,732,032.5

No. of Trades

2017 1st Quarter 48,699 8,367 1,356 5,372 23,089 3,490 2,385 11,259 3,133 576 5,677 30,743 1,464 446 4,546 6,260 803 520 1,968 3,152 2nd Quarter 75,613 15,634 2,884 7,627 40,260 5,925 2,473 23,575 6,720 1,393 10,173 53,684 2,079 436 16,920 9,347 9,538 711 2,610 7,209 3rd Quarter 60,529 11,494 2,531 15,714 36,670 2,687 2,234 14,678 7,031 2,415 8,246 42,306 1,779 615 34,730 7,998 9,438 730 1,977 5,146 4th Quarter 69,298 13,783 2,243 16,892 22,047 1,674 2,196 12,448 4,798 1,402 8,286 39,651 1,484 649 35,167 7,562 7,289 370 2,311 5,363

2018 1st Quarter 87,533 10,917 2,416 12,605 37,662 1,770 2,372 18,821 4,398 914 17,771 30,764 1,279 511 14,172 14,548 5,638 508 2,195 4,007 2nd Quarter 67,205 12,222 1,541 7,942 26,217 2,017 1,798 12,479 3,166 420 8,881 29,782 1,593 238 10,181 11,638 2,982 330 2,756 4,803 3rd Quarter 61,675 8,358 1,330 10,476 25,965 1,637 1,934 11,241 6,885 449 7,976 28,078 1,829 284 8,065 8,896 2,268 500 3,053 5,905 4th Quarter 67,180 8,025 1,707 24,437 24,482 3,491 1,467 11,381 3,591 364 6,271 28,826 1,062 284 6,334 7,605 2,250 328 5,622 5,154

Market Capitalization, Rs. Bn.

2017 1st Quarter 613.3 552.9 15.9 35.3 505.5 11.5 307.7 57.5 20.5 0.7 49.2 164.3 20.5 57.0 23.7 37.4 4.8 6.9 152.1 26.1 2nd Quarter 757.1 586.4 18.7 38.9 628.1 12.5 319.2 57.7 24.9 0.8 54.5 198.1 21.4 54.6 29.1 39.7 7.9 6.7 155.5 29.5 3rd Quarter 761.6 561.3 18.6 38.8 572.4 11.8 306.1 62.0 24.6 1.0 50.6 176.6 20.2 48.3 35.3 39.1 6.1 6.8 150.9 27.5 4th Quarter 770.0 581.6 17.5 34.6 555.5 11.8 305.6 57.0 22.5 0.8 50.0 161.8 20.3 45.6 33.0 36.8 5.8 6.8 157.3 25.0

2018 1st Quarter 809.7 635.0 16.9 30.8 589.1 11.7 59.8 315.2 21.2 0.7 53.4 148.5 20.2 43.4 31.7 47.6 6.3 6.9 161.1 23.4 2nd Quarter 769.4 647.4 16.1 23.4 546.9 8.4 55.5 305.2 18.5 0.6 50.9 125.3 20.1 43.0 27.9 42.3 5.9 6.8 160.4 19.7 3rd Quarter 737.7 656.9 14.8 19.5 494.8 8.3 49.0 294.3 18.8 0.6 49.2 113.2 18.8 42.0 25.4 38.1 5.5 7.1 133.9 24.9 4th Quarter 784.2 650.7 15.5 20.4 537.3 8.8 50.5 296.5 19.0 0.6 50.5 117.0 18.8 42.8 25.5 37.1 5.6 7.0 124.5 27.1

Note : The above share volume and turnover figures represent only ordinary voting shares. 103 money and capital markets

Table 9.7 Share Trading Indicators by Business Sector 2017 – 2018

Shares Traded, ’000

Turnover, Rs. ’000

No. of Trades

Market Capitalization, Rs. Bn.

(Contd.) 104 money and capital markets

Table 9.7 (Contd.) Share Trading Indicators by Business Sector 2017 – 2018

Price Index – High 2017 1st Quarter 15,737.2 21,955.9 2,592.2 6,763.4 1,582.9 949.0 1,016.2 3,022.2 12,662.0 42.2 635.3 4,386.7 15,246.8 72,123.3 690.9 146.0 28,701.6 17,643.0 175.2 17,041.7 2nd Quarter 17,058.7 24,238.9 2,707.5 6,675.4 1,888.3 1,018.8 1,000.5 3,043.2 13,151.2 37.7 654.4 4,685.7 15,172.0 67,662.2 920.9 144.5 29,541.5 22,755.6 183.0 18,435.8 3rd Quarter 16,950.5 23,221.4 2,787.7 6,543.1 1,915.9 1,045.8 1,030.3 3,000.9 14,490.9 46.1 615.9 4,702.6 15,041.1 65,490.2 1,042.3 140.2 28,145.8 21,050.3 173.9 18,432.2 4th Quarter 17,828.6 23,207.5 2,639.6 6,429.5 1,754.2 976.7 1,028.4 2,909.7 13,229.2 46.7 580.4 4,168.7 14,512.5 59,093.0 1,090.1 132.5 27,561.8 19,151.8 185.3 16,969.7

2018 1st Quarter 17,322.4 24,267.3 5,982.4 2,379.6 1,797.5 940.4 988.1 2,869.7 12,134.6 38.9 608.6 3,997.8 14,592.7 58,225.6 1,008.1 144.1 19,221.2 28,463.6 184.0 15,641.2 2nd Quarter 17,479.2 24,228.6 5,795.7 2,105.6 1,784.3 935.9 943.8 2,862.8 11,310.6 35.6 596.0 3,628.3 14,542.7 52,882.1 971.5 138.4 19,680.2 29,567.9 188.6 14,682.2 3rd Quarter 16,413.7 25,560.5 5,446.8 1,677.6 1,609.8 859.7 923.4 2,728.7 10,042.9 30.5 573.1 3,165.4 14,068.4 51,096.9 801.6 124.2 17,606.3 29,107.3 181.3 13,272.5 4th Quarter 16,593.4 24,845.5 5,435.7 1,661.8 1,608.7 985.5 833.8 2,688.4 10,356.4 30.0 571.0 2,977.1 13,388.0 50,765.7 749.7 114.6 16,844.1 29,847.2 153.7 12,597.2

Price Index – Low 2017 1st Quarter 14,504.0 20,933.8 2,333.2 6,068.4 1,497.6 787.0 932.3 2,896.1 10,653.1 32.8 580.2 4,078.4 14,196.2 64,294.2 624.6 126.9 23,864.9 15,814.0 163.3 15,508.0 2nd Quarter 14,749.7 21,952.1 2,393.0 6,062.4 1,537.4 893.6 947.6 2,903.8 10,898.1 32.2 605.3 4,183.9 14,203.0 63,371.8 691.8 128.3 25,264.4 16,287.7 169.4 16,177.7 3rd Quarter 16,338.4 21,787.6 2,574.8 5,849.2 1,699.8 902.1 924.6 2,860.4 12,477.5 31.7 571.4 4,147.6 14,084.2 56,379.5 848.7 127.4 27,115.0 18,061.9 160.4 16,145.4 4th Quarter 16,493.7 22,347.1 2,308.6 5,761.6 1,651.0 840.7 924.3 2,804.7 11,287.3 32.8 537.7 3,863.2 14,066.1 53,173.1 907.9 116.0 26,541.9 16,955.9 167.4 14,931.7

2018 1st Quarter 16,664.1 23,203.8 5,493.3 2,059.1 1,672.0 855.8 893.6 2,804.9 10,720.0 32.8 539.3 3,565.9 13,788.0 50,632.8 901.9 126.1 17,592.2 26,240.5 175.4 14,287.9 2nd Quarter 16,223.8 22,880.3 5,404.0 1,559.1 1,620.2 798.3 899.3 2,732.4 9,594.6 27.2 556.0 3,028.2 14,084.4 50,192.4 801.3 121.6 17,004.5 24,892.7 177.1 12,152.6 3rd Quarter 15,432.5 23,721.5 4,899.1 1,287.5 1,443.1 777.1 795.0 2,632.6 9,072.0 24.4 539.5 2,741.2 13,186.8 48,983.5 725.8 110.4 16,012.0 27,081.3 147.8 11,241.6 4th Quarter 15,023.7 24,068.8 4,973.5 1,300.3 1,428.9 780.1 790.8 2,623.6 9,211.7 25.0 535.1 2,692.5 12,525.8 48,697.9 702.7 105.4 15,643.6 27,812.8 134.1 10,989.4

Price Index – Average 2017 1st Quarter 15,171.8 21,254.8 2,481.0 6,402.1 1,536.9 867.0 970.4 2,958.7 11,674.8 38.7 606.1 4,247.7 14,778.6 68,716.6 665.0 137.0 26,933.4 16,889.0 168.8 15,974.9 2nd Quarter 16,414.7 23,515.3 2,610.7 6,504.7 1,746.2 962.8 970.5 3,002.3 12,691.7 34.8 625.2 4,508.4 14,788.5 65,502.7 836.7 136.8 27,549.8 19,537.8 175.2 17,829.6 3rd Quarter 16,574.1 22,404.0 2,653.0 6,234.6 1,791.9 971.8 969.3 2,923.9 13,211.6 36.2 591.0 4,403.8 14,546.5 61,643.7 937.8 133.8 27,710.9 18,969.5 167.3 17,079.4 4th Quarter 17,068.3 22,798.6 2,471.3 6,091.5 1,710.6 915.2 973.8 2,860.3 12,415.9 37.9 562.7 4,024.7 14,262.0 56,805.8 994.8 124.6 27,184.5 18,183.5 177.0 16,343.6

2018 1st Quarter 16,982.4 23,723.1 5,730.4 2,231.4 1,749.9 881.8 938.0 2,827.2 11,486.7 35.3 575.9 3,819.0 14,191.1 53,343.6 965.1 133.9 18,491.7 27,610.9 180.0 14,868.5 2nd Quarter 17,116.1 23,668.9 5,632.5 1,890.6 1,725.3 872.6 922.6 2,798.1 10,664.2 32.3 580.7 3,379.9 14,371.0 52,150.8 900.6 131.3 17,930.0 27,756.1 182.7 13,762.9 3rd Quarter 16,011.4 24,656.6 5,223.8 1,507.2 1,534.6 824.7 864.3 2,683.6 9,510.3 27.1 558.6 3,002.3 13,532.9 50,713.6 759.4 117.4 16,707.4 28,148.9 168.7 12,147.1 4th Quarter 15,803.3 24,334.7 5,211.0 1,452.7 1,535.9 874.6 810.0 2,644.8 9,529.4 26.8 549.4 2,817.2 13,043.0 49,740.3 727.4 109.3 16,166.0 28,595.9 144.8 11,837.2

Market Dividend Yield, % 2017 1st Quarter 3.3 3.3 3.6 2.8 3.1 0.3 2.4 1.4 2.6 n.a. 1.3 5.0 8.3 0.0 6.2 7.0 2.9 3.2 1.7 0.7 2nd Quarter 2.6 3.4 2.6 3.9 2.2 0.2 2.5 1.4 1.3 n.a. 3.0 3.9 6.0 1.7 2.6 4.1 1.4 4.1 1.7 0.6 3rd Quarter 2.7 3.2 3.4 2.6 2.7 0.9 2.3 1.4 2.0 n.a. 6.5 5.7 6.5 3.4 2.4 4.6 3.2 4.0 2.1 4.6 4th Quarter 2.5 3.8 3.1 3.5 3.2 0.9 2.6 1.4 2.5 n.a. 6.4 6.6 5.1 3.4 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.2 3.0 4.9

2018 1st Quarter 2.5 3.1 2.6 3.9 2.9 0.9 2.4 1.3 2.7 n.a. 5.8 6.5 4.2 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.0 3.0 5.2 2nd Quarter 2.7 3.6 2.8 5.1 3.1 1.3 2.2 1.3 3.1 n.a. 4.2 7.4 4.2 1.7 2.4 3.0 2.9 2.0 3.0 6.2 3rd Quarter 3.0 3.6 4.0 6.7 3.2 n.a. 3.8 1.0 4.5 n.a. 4.7 8.6 5.5 0.3 4.7 3.9 5.2 0.5 4.0 3.8 4th Quarter 2.8 3.6 3.0 6.9 2.8 n.a. 3.5 1.0 2.7 n.a. 4.5 6.8 6.1 0.3 4.6 3.2 4.7 0.5 4.3 3.5

Marker Price Earning Ratio 2017 1st Quarter 6.2 15.5 10.5 41.8 20.2 17.0 17.8 63.6 29.2 n.a. 9.6 7.6 6.1 33.9 n.a. 5.6 n.a. 15.6 11.9 13.5 2nd Quarter 6.8 17.0 19.2 18.3 20.6 20.7 16.1 43.8 79.9 n.a. 9.8 8.9 7.0 7.8 4.7 8.9 n.a. 15.7 7.2 7.0 3rd Quarter 6.7 18.7 15.6 14.4 13.0 26.8 19.3 41.7 7.7 n.a. 8.6 7.8 8.9 5.4 4.8 13.3 n.a. 41.2 12.0 6.7 4th Quarter 6.6 18.1 12.0 36.3 11.8 47.8 15.6 51.8 7.5 n.a. 9.3 7.8 10.9 4.4 3.2 n.a. n.a. 147.8 12.9 7.1

2018 1st Quarter 6.9 20.6 10.7 49.0 11.6 42.8 14.4 72.1 7.5 n.a. 9.8 7.4 11.7 7.0 3.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 13.2 7.4 2nd Quarter 5.7 20.7 10.9 76.7 11.3 21.8 14.9 84.2 6.6 n.a. 5.1 6.5 11.6 n.a. 5.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 10.9 6.2 3rd Quarter 5.1 18.3 5.3 17.5 9.3 94.7 15.0 57.8 8.1 n.a. 5.2 6.7 9.6 28.2 5.9 n.a. 17.3 11.4 8.5 28.2 4th Quarter 5.4 17.7 5.7 22.1 10.7 68.7 16.0 64.5 32.1 n.a. 5.4 7.7 12.3 28.4 6.6 79.6 11.3 13.1 7.9 31.9

Market Price to Book Value 2017 1st Quarter 1.0 3.4 0.7 1.0 1.2 0.9 2.5 1.9 0.5 n.a. 0.9 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.0 1.4 0.7 1.3 0.9 2nd Quarter 1.1 6.1 0.7 1.1 1.5 1.0 2.4 1.8 0.6 n.a. 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.1 2.4 0.7 1.3 0.9 3rd Quarter 1.2 5.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 2.3 1.7 0.6 n.a. 0.8 1.3 0.7 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.9 0.7 1.2 0.9 4th Quarter 1.1 5.9 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9 2.1 1.7 0.5 n.a. 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.7 1.2 0.8

2018 1st Quarter 1.1 6.2 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.9 2.1 1.8 0.5 n.a. 0.7 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.2 0.7 2nd Quarter 1.0 6.3 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.8 2.0 1.7 0.4 n.a. 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.4 0.7 1.2 0.6 3rd Quarter 0.9 6.1 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.8 1.6 0.4 n.a. 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.5 1.0 0.8 4th Quarter 0.9 6.0 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.9 1.7 0.4 n.a. 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.9 0.9

Note : The above share volume and turnover figures represent only ordinary voting shares. n.a. – Not available 105 money and capital markets

Table 9.7 (Contd.) Share Trading Indicators by Business Sector 2017 – 2018

Source : Colombo Stock Exchange 106 money and capital markets

Share Trading Indicators by Major Companies(a) 2016 – 2018

Indicator Ceylon John Hotel Commercial Nestle Hatton Dialog Distilleries Ceylon Sampath Melsta- AIA Cargills Hemas Lion Lanka Orix Sri Lanka Ceylinco C T Carson & Tobacco Keells Develo- Bank of Lanka National Axiata Company Cold Bank corp Insurance (Ceylon) Holdings Brewery Leasing Telecom Insurance Holdings Cumber- Quarter Company Holdings pers Ceylon PLC Bank PLC of Sri Lanka Stores PLC PLC PLC PLC Ceylon Company PLC batch PLC PLC PLC PLC PLC PLC PLC PLC PLC No. of Trades 2016 1st Quarter 538 8,948 – 4,896 590 1,193 1,709 639 566 3,485 – 367 278 1,118 181 897 830 125 129 229 2nd Quarter 473 6,302 – 4,132 533 1,357 1,637 1,111 613 2,459 – 225 344 905 319 650 981 91 106 266 3rd Quarter 1,206 8,618 – 3,600 290 1,151 1,587 3,035 923 2,728 – 120 361 1,107 381 1,006 902 59 223 401 4th Quarter 737 6,896 – 2,561 470 872 1,398 – 1,078 2,026 383 105 361 570 577 610 615 115 158 236 2017 1st Quarter 499 8,290 – 2,110 577 618 1,329 – 699 2,523 2,703 392 432 642 196 650 639 429 324 268 2nd Quarter 597 10,252 – 3,622 608 1,330 1,642 – 1,358 2,803 1,456 185 508 1,228 262 3,371 968 199 210 223 3rd Quarter 415 4,754 – 2,526 797 1,418 1,112 – 720 3,883 761 151 369 859 178 2,240 865 158 137 274 4th Quarter 357 5,464 – 3,553 687 1,343 1,634 – 653 8,338 510 103 353 601 407 1,352 677 168 246 317 2018 1st Quarter 266 4,832 – 2,712 480 995 1,520 – 389 6,890 1,170 1,330 706 530 414 948 675 201 158 287 2nd Quarter 351 4,719 – 3,270 311 1,117 1,756 5,174 319 9,003 570 1,317 412 592 277 1,311 1,000 1,082 142 159 3rd Quarter 538 8,387 – 3,262 285 810 2,434 1,466 235 6,577 634 714 229 877 351 752 619 208 81 182 4th Quarter 304 8,799 – 4,170 262 1,530 4,718 1,003 212 7,195 547 2,048 177 517 235 475 904 134 96 97 Turnover, Rs.’000 2016 1st Quarter 979,593 7,767,744 – 3,574,777 304,726 672,691 1,030,087 552,077 439,550 1,806,909 – 7,554 178,443 758,477 284,133 55,385 66,215 56,289 12,214 82,522 2nd Quarter 527,131 5,653,271 – 4,187,088 408,350 1,770,650 810,654 1,782,868 133,454 961,168 – 2,357 232,409 733,141 396,806 28,772 22,498 54,421 41,934 25,605 3rd Quarter 1,109,051 4,803,946 – 1,764,418 43,668 721,055 1,351,923 2,735,528 356,079 986,513 – 2,749 74,629 861,393 568,898 708,091 15,121 48,036 33,540 5,384 4th Quarter 901,320 5,341,351 – 3,332,083 507,475 1,065,409 1,298,337 – 238,709 730,362 43,045 1,398 272,337 1,482,170 404,958 102,875 8,891 33,780 44,619 7,531 2017 1st Quarter 236,299 12,156,702 – 1,560,221 640,899 1,102,117 1,232,505 – 624,884 974,758 2,393,537 6,953 359,449 2,116,625 401,138 27,613 7,537 102,896 63,009 10,643 2nd Quarter 533,317 17,080,377 – 9,354,540 792,562 1,566,515 1,475,739 – 2,726,227 1,954,514 1,463,164 1,780 186,134 2,472,184 487,988 330,120 12,943 60,860 67,889 16,993 3rd Quarter 257,287 9,527,330 – 2,457,970 432,530 1,826,918 818,943 – 955,699 1,978,098 893,809 5,965 53,970 1,156,492 356,655 709,735 16,198 19,978 68,166 14,840 4th Quarter 312,583 7,663,000 – 6,873,568 1,341,282 2,112,867 2,371,678 – 988,892 6,886,015 382,125 1,287 441,730 1,631,623 1,632,914 391,693 9,461 38,169 158,484 22,862 2018 1st Quarter 466,835 7,778,735 – 4,856,721 693,907 6,769,818 731,527 – 586,989 3,964,610 1,439,395 40,560 432,642 854,049 1,140,011 13,758,067 6,482 50,997 29,089 842,383 2nd Quarter 198,241 8,548,579 – 2,150,141 149,283 1,675,138 817,906 524,696 745,515 3,685,035 1,821,531 44,977 231,299 1,509,739 351,228 148,210 8,340 2,497,790 132,978 9,278 3rd Quarter 548,974 8,676,072 – 2,006,298 417,359 1,125,019 499,494 206,701 460,258 2,337,222 1,377,288 40,918 561,645 802,590 615,063 40,767 4,470 1,365,878 61,068 12,819 4th Quarter 778,383 22,141,359 – 3,069,450 249,747 2,768,599 753,696 88,117 86,224 3,634,246 1,195,452 70,612 157,159 280,837 724,070 45,996 7,561 900,898 58,577 6,437 No. of Shares Traded, ’000 2016 1st Quarter 986 49,466 – 28,072 151 3,423 99,228 2,518 1,029 7,906 – 23 1,068 9,451 567 707 1,876 39 94 322 2nd Quarter 475 36,378 – 32,232 180 8,573 72,584 8,329 276 4,214 – 9 1,614 8,325 947 334 551 37 331 95 3rd Quarter 1,235 32,560 – 12,885 19 3,225 122,016 10,797 561 3,927 – 10 445 9,073 1,498 8,455 407 37 265 24 4th Quarter 1,050 35,606 – 22,956 247 4,723 120,050 – 329 2,783 716 5 1,517 14,141 952 1,296 248 25 370 41 2017 1st Quarter 283 86,828 – 11,301 326 4,820 109,537 – 799 3,648 36,778 21 1,827 19,994 906 435 220 77 455 64 2nd Quarter 542 105,774 – 66,452 360 6,698 123,565 – 3,185 6,815 22,197 5 898 17,588 1,118 3,456 389 40 424 100 3rd Quarter 264 56,939 – 17,798 238 7,872 69,335 – 1,143 6,782 13,677 19 267 8,160 789 5,836 537 14 415 96 4th Quarter 323 49,200 – 48,655 824 8,067 179,709 – 1,011 20,481 6,520 4 2,179 12,718 3,061 2,998 318 28 897 138 2018 1st Quarter 447 48,175 – 35,203 404 27,517 53,622 – 629 12,365 22,778 95 2,211 6,961 2,093 150,374 232 31 158 5,264 2nd Quarter 181 55,145 – 16,778 86 6,944 57,449 23,932 767 11,989 31,190 95 1,161 12,737 638 1,226 320 1,389 742 55 3rd Quarter 432 63,037 – 16,430 235 5,059 38,480 10,976 497 8,585 27,422 48 2,755 8,026 978 458 198 716 336 76 4th Quarter 554 150,292 – 26,876 155 13,159 68,077 5,321 111 15,506 23,033 58 786 3,241 1,297 506 363 467 336 39 Price – High (Rs.) 2016 1st Quarter 1,042.00 179.00 – 142.00 2,100.00 211.00 10.90 245.90 479.00 253.00 – 345.00 189.50 92.90 630.00 94.50 46.40 1,560.00 142.00 355.00 2nd Quarter 1,140.00 165.00 – 136.00 2,445.00 216.60 11.50 225.00 564.90 240.00 – 298.00 168.90 95.00 549.50 93.00 45.00 1,650.00 135.00 300.00 3rd Quarter 1,050.10 159.00 – 144.50 2,410.00 228.00 11.60 294.00 690.00 266.90 – 280.00 179.00 105.50 435.00 92.00 39.80 1,440.00 132.00 240.00 4th Quarter 900.00 158.00 – 151.90 2,200.20 235.00 11.80 – 865.00 268.70 65.00 309.90 195.00 108.50 509.90 83.90 39.90 1,499.90 140.00 197.00 2017 1st Quarter 880.00 150.00 – 148.50 2,100.00 236.50 11.60 – 835.00 285.00 69.50 354.90 201.00 110.00 495.00 79.00 36.70 1,599.90 150.00 190.00 2nd Quarter 1,030.00 180.00 – 149.00 2,310.00 250.00 12.30 – 1,000.00 300.00 69.50 348.00 220.50 154.90 475.00 114.00 36.00 1,720.00 170.00 189.00 3rd Quarter 1,005.00 179.00 – 141.00 2,049.90 244.50 12.20 – 889.90 311.00 69.50 325.00 210.00 154.90 475.00 130.00 32.80 1,624.70 170.00 170.00 4th Quarter 1,005.00 166.10 – 150.00 1,740.00 271.00 13.60 – 1,029.00 352.20 61.00 358.00 211.00 134.90 598.00 145.00 31.90 1,597.00 188.00 180.00 2018 1st Quarter 1,095.00 167.00 – 142.50 1,899.00 257.50 14.00 – 999.00 335.50 71.50 530.00 210.00 126.00 597.70 126.20 30.00 1,850.00 195.00 240.00 2nd Quarter 1,130.00 164.80 – 138.50 1,800.00 252.90 14.80 35.00 1,000.00 319.50 62.90 545.00 204.80 127.00 600.00 138.00 30.00 1,847.00 185.00 190.00 3rd Quarter 1,385.00 149.80 – 130.70 1,849.90 234.00 14.50 23.00 992.00 304.90 54.00 999.00 209.90 112.10 679.00 105.00 26.00 2,100.00 189.00 196.00 4th Quarter 1,500.00 161.90 – 125.40 1,797.00 222.00 12.30 19.20 830.00 247.00 59.00 1,990.00 202.00 94.90 634.90 100.00 23.50 2,098.00 180.00 190.00 Price – Low (Rs.) 2016 1st Quarter 950.00 140.00 – 115.00 1,903.30 185.00 9.70 205.00 380.00 210.00 – 268.00 150.00 72.00 452.00 64.10 31.20 1,300.00 117.00 212.00 2nd Quarter 1,000.00 135.00 – 121.00 2,030.00 197.00 10.10 205.00 400.10 217.50 – 230.00 140.00 81.00 372.00 71.10 36.70 1,340.00 118.00 238.00 3rd Quarter 850.00 135.00 – 120.10 2,030.00 206.00 10.40 208.00 540.00 227.60 – 250.00 150.00 85.00 370.00 78.00 35.80 1,300.00 120.00 183.00 4th Quarter 797.00 143.00 – 138.50 1,975.00 218.00 10.10 – 613.00 253.00 59.00 269.00 165.10 94.60 380.00 70.20 33.30 1,200.00 114.00 172.00 2017 1st Quarter 800.00 133.90 – 128.50 1,930.10 221.00 10.40 – 710.00 256.00 54.90 270.00 180.00 95.00 406.10 59.00 32.10 1,200.00 120.00 150.00 2nd Quarter 865.00 138.00 – 130.50 2,001.00 220.00 11.10 – 810.00 253.50 60.00 296.20 183.00 108.00 400.00 60.50 30.80 1,430.00 142.50 153.00 3rd Quarter 949.00 157.90 – 134.60 1,699.90 220.00 11.10 – 740.00 266.20 58.00 300.10 190.20 118.00 410.10 107.10 28.00 1,350.00 140.00 145.00 4th Quarter 934.10 145.00 – 133.00 1,600.00 236.00 12.00 – 823.00 305.00 56.50 307.10 192.00 118.00 470.00 112.00 27.00 1,276.00 170.00 147.00 2018 1st Quarter 992.00 148.50 – 133.00 1,630.00 238.00 12.80 – 851.10 289.00 57.60 320.00 180.00 115.20 500.00 90.00 26.50 1,400.10 175.00 163.00 2nd Quarter 1,000.30 135.00 – 122.90 1,650.00 223.00 13.60 18.90 900.00 294.00 52.20 388.20 190.00 112.00 520.00 96.00 23.70 1,501.00 170.00 165.00 3rd Quarter 1,100.00 127.00 – 112.90 1,625.00 201.00 11.60 16.20 795.00 236.30 47.70 510.20 192.00 85.00 520.00 85.00 20.00 1,580.00 170.10 165.00 4th Quarter 1,350.00 126.00 – 107.50 1,600.00 200.00 9.90 15.80 700.00 218.00 48.00 900.00 195.00 83.50 520.00 82.40 18.90 1,605.00 145.00 156.00 Maket Capitalisation , Rs. Mn. 2016 1st Quarter 189,553 176,032 – 102,998 108,977 65,741 83,067 61,860 40,867 38,943 – – 33,600 46,147 36,720 34,214 70,029 29,960 23,784 53,024 2nd Quarter 196,690 183,508 – 101,345 128,941 69,974 84,695 62,130 52,994 40,352 – – 34,272 49,239 30,400 37,066 68,224 28,788 21,642 47,074 3rd Quarter 161,098 209,367 – 119,935 118,201 74,267 94,468 71,130 61,177 47,130 – – 39,200 59,602 30,400 39,061 69,668 27,976 22,521 36,076 4th Quarter 151,077 201,183 – 120,852 107,553 74,420 85,510 71,130 71,318 46,086 69,108 – 43,546 56,126 37,200 34,452 64,975 29,800 22,924 34,132 2017 1st Quarter 163,140 191,332 4,287 110,297 112,249 75,694 92,025 71,130 77,077 48,223 68,992 9,234 42,045 62,256 36,800 28,987 60,102 31,724 27,263 32,050 2nd Quarter 185,451 248,079 4,287 129,615 109,063 81,087 97,725 71,130 83,882 53,325 79,597 9,778 45,024 87,763 34,400 53,603 57,756 31,934 29,296 31,167 3rd Quarter 181,891 321,024 4,287 128,970 91,328 92,178 98,540 71,130 92,178 57,440 68,292 9,563 43,008 68,312 37,768 60,350 52,341 28,000 31,127 29,851 4th Quarter 188,167 206,044 4,287 126,554 87,358 97,684 105,869 71,130 90,278 68,577 69,341 10,070 44,778 72,436 43,200 54,696 51,439 31,940 32,958 34,564 2018 1st Quarter 194,817 221,449 4,287 128,359 93,966 96,881 112,384 71,130 90,288 80,205 67,826 11,826 49,894 71,809 42,032 56,074 48,731 36,000 35,246 32,993 2nd Quarter 210,121 204,660 4,287 116,316 93,660 88,977 115,642 96,140 94,280 85,141 61,183 16,131 51,098 65,025 45,600 46,807 44,761 33,600 35,266 32,423 3rd Quarter 254,386 182,460 4,287 106,865 88,642 83,045 96,911 76,820 80,679 67,388 58,270 27,674 51,174 49,101 51,120 40,915 37,000 40,000 36,253 32,797 4th Quarter 265,063 221,588 194,022 108,757 91,333 84,627 82,252 74,060 68,239 66,012 58,619 52,508 51,200 51,056 45,600 42,720 42,234 39,800 34,340 33,425 (a) Given companies are in terms of market capitalisation as at end 2018. 107 money and capital markets

Table 9.8 Share Trading Indicators by Major Companies(a) 2016 – 2018

Indicator Ceylon John Hotel Commercial Nestle Hatton Dialog Distilleries Ceylon Sampath Melsta- AIA Cargills Hemas Lion Lanka Orix Sri Lanka Ceylinco C T Carson & Tobacco Keells Develo- Bank of Lanka National Axiata Company Cold Bank corp Insurance (Ceylon) Holdings Brewery Leasing Telecom Insurance Holdings Cumber- Quarter Company Holdings pers Ceylon PLC Bank PLC of Sri Lanka Stores PLC PLC PLC PLC Ceylon Company PLC batch PLC PLC PLC PLC PLC PLC PLC PLC PLC No. of Trades 2016 1st Quarter 538 8,948 – 4,896 590 1,193 1,709 639 566 3,485 – 367 278 1,118 181 897 830 125 129 229 2nd Quarter 473 6,302 – 4,132 533 1,357 1,637 1,111 613 2,459 – 225 344 905 319 650 981 91 106 266 3rd Quarter 1,206 8,618 – 3,600 290 1,151 1,587 3,035 923 2,728 – 120 361 1,107 381 1,006 902 59 223 401 4th Quarter 737 6,896 – 2,561 470 872 1,398 – 1,078 2,026 383 105 361 570 577 610 615 115 158 236 2017 1st Quarter 499 8,290 – 2,110 577 618 1,329 – 699 2,523 2,703 392 432 642 196 650 639 429 324 268 2nd Quarter 597 10,252 – 3,622 608 1,330 1,642 – 1,358 2,803 1,456 185 508 1,228 262 3,371 968 199 210 223 3rd Quarter 415 4,754 – 2,526 797 1,418 1,112 – 720 3,883 761 151 369 859 178 2,240 865 158 137 274 4th Quarter 357 5,464 – 3,553 687 1,343 1,634 – 653 8,338 510 103 353 601 407 1,352 677 168 246 317 2018 1st Quarter 266 4,832 – 2,712 480 995 1,520 – 389 6,890 1,170 1,330 706 530 414 948 675 201 158 287 2nd Quarter 351 4,719 – 3,270 311 1,117 1,756 5,174 319 9,003 570 1,317 412 592 277 1,311 1,000 1,082 142 159 3rd Quarter 538 8,387 – 3,262 285 810 2,434 1,466 235 6,577 634 714 229 877 351 752 619 208 81 182 4th Quarter 304 8,799 – 4,170 262 1,530 4,718 1,003 212 7,195 547 2,048 177 517 235 475 904 134 96 97 Turnover, Rs.’000 2016 1st Quarter 979,593 7,767,744 – 3,574,777 304,726 672,691 1,030,087 552,077 439,550 1,806,909 – 7,554 178,443 758,477 284,133 55,385 66,215 56,289 12,214 82,522 2nd Quarter 527,131 5,653,271 – 4,187,088 408,350 1,770,650 810,654 1,782,868 133,454 961,168 – 2,357 232,409 733,141 396,806 28,772 22,498 54,421 41,934 25,605 3rd Quarter 1,109,051 4,803,946 – 1,764,418 43,668 721,055 1,351,923 2,735,528 356,079 986,513 – 2,749 74,629 861,393 568,898 708,091 15,121 48,036 33,540 5,384 4th Quarter 901,320 5,341,351 – 3,332,083 507,475 1,065,409 1,298,337 – 238,709 730,362 43,045 1,398 272,337 1,482,170 404,958 102,875 8,891 33,780 44,619 7,531 2017 1st Quarter 236,299 12,156,702 – 1,560,221 640,899 1,102,117 1,232,505 – 624,884 974,758 2,393,537 6,953 359,449 2,116,625 401,138 27,613 7,537 102,896 63,009 10,643 2nd Quarter 533,317 17,080,377 – 9,354,540 792,562 1,566,515 1,475,739 – 2,726,227 1,954,514 1,463,164 1,780 186,134 2,472,184 487,988 330,120 12,943 60,860 67,889 16,993 3rd Quarter 257,287 9,527,330 – 2,457,970 432,530 1,826,918 818,943 – 955,699 1,978,098 893,809 5,965 53,970 1,156,492 356,655 709,735 16,198 19,978 68,166 14,840 4th Quarter 312,583 7,663,000 – 6,873,568 1,341,282 2,112,867 2,371,678 – 988,892 6,886,015 382,125 1,287 441,730 1,631,623 1,632,914 391,693 9,461 38,169 158,484 22,862 2018 1st Quarter 466,835 7,778,735 – 4,856,721 693,907 6,769,818 731,527 – 586,989 3,964,610 1,439,395 40,560 432,642 854,049 1,140,011 13,758,067 6,482 50,997 29,089 842,383 2nd Quarter 198,241 8,548,579 – 2,150,141 149,283 1,675,138 817,906 524,696 745,515 3,685,035 1,821,531 44,977 231,299 1,509,739 351,228 148,210 8,340 2,497,790 132,978 9,278 3rd Quarter 548,974 8,676,072 – 2,006,298 417,359 1,125,019 499,494 206,701 460,258 2,337,222 1,377,288 40,918 561,645 802,590 615,063 40,767 4,470 1,365,878 61,068 12,819 4th Quarter 778,383 22,141,359 – 3,069,450 249,747 2,768,599 753,696 88,117 86,224 3,634,246 1,195,452 70,612 157,159 280,837 724,070 45,996 7,561 900,898 58,577 6,437 No. of Shares Traded, ’000 2016 1st Quarter 986 49,466 – 28,072 151 3,423 99,228 2,518 1,029 7,906 – 23 1,068 9,451 567 707 1,876 39 94 322 2nd Quarter 475 36,378 – 32,232 180 8,573 72,584 8,329 276 4,214 – 9 1,614 8,325 947 334 551 37 331 95 3rd Quarter 1,235 32,560 – 12,885 19 3,225 122,016 10,797 561 3,927 – 10 445 9,073 1,498 8,455 407 37 265 24 4th Quarter 1,050 35,606 – 22,956 247 4,723 120,050 – 329 2,783 716 5 1,517 14,141 952 1,296 248 25 370 41 2017 1st Quarter 283 86,828 – 11,301 326 4,820 109,537 – 799 3,648 36,778 21 1,827 19,994 906 435 220 77 455 64 2nd Quarter 542 105,774 – 66,452 360 6,698 123,565 – 3,185 6,815 22,197 5 898 17,588 1,118 3,456 389 40 424 100 3rd Quarter 264 56,939 – 17,798 238 7,872 69,335 – 1,143 6,782 13,677 19 267 8,160 789 5,836 537 14 415 96 4th Quarter 323 49,200 – 48,655 824 8,067 179,709 – 1,011 20,481 6,520 4 2,179 12,718 3,061 2,998 318 28 897 138 2018 1st Quarter 447 48,175 – 35,203 404 27,517 53,622 – 629 12,365 22,778 95 2,211 6,961 2,093 150,374 232 31 158 5,264 2nd Quarter 181 55,145 – 16,778 86 6,944 57,449 23,932 767 11,989 31,190 95 1,161 12,737 638 1,226 320 1,389 742 55 3rd Quarter 432 63,037 – 16,430 235 5,059 38,480 10,976 497 8,585 27,422 48 2,755 8,026 978 458 198 716 336 76 4th Quarter 554 150,292 – 26,876 155 13,159 68,077 5,321 111 15,506 23,033 58 786 3,241 1,297 506 363 467 336 39 Price – High (Rs.) 2016 1st Quarter 1,042.00 179.00 – 142.00 2,100.00 211.00 10.90 245.90 479.00 253.00 – 345.00 189.50 92.90 630.00 94.50 46.40 1,560.00 142.00 355.00 2nd Quarter 1,140.00 165.00 – 136.00 2,445.00 216.60 11.50 225.00 564.90 240.00 – 298.00 168.90 95.00 549.50 93.00 45.00 1,650.00 135.00 300.00 3rd Quarter 1,050.10 159.00 – 144.50 2,410.00 228.00 11.60 294.00 690.00 266.90 – 280.00 179.00 105.50 435.00 92.00 39.80 1,440.00 132.00 240.00 4th Quarter 900.00 158.00 – 151.90 2,200.20 235.00 11.80 – 865.00 268.70 65.00 309.90 195.00 108.50 509.90 83.90 39.90 1,499.90 140.00 197.00 2017 1st Quarter 880.00 150.00 – 148.50 2,100.00 236.50 11.60 – 835.00 285.00 69.50 354.90 201.00 110.00 495.00 79.00 36.70 1,599.90 150.00 190.00 2nd Quarter 1,030.00 180.00 – 149.00 2,310.00 250.00 12.30 – 1,000.00 300.00 69.50 348.00 220.50 154.90 475.00 114.00 36.00 1,720.00 170.00 189.00 3rd Quarter 1,005.00 179.00 – 141.00 2,049.90 244.50 12.20 – 889.90 311.00 69.50 325.00 210.00 154.90 475.00 130.00 32.80 1,624.70 170.00 170.00 4th Quarter 1,005.00 166.10 – 150.00 1,740.00 271.00 13.60 – 1,029.00 352.20 61.00 358.00 211.00 134.90 598.00 145.00 31.90 1,597.00 188.00 180.00 2018 1st Quarter 1,095.00 167.00 – 142.50 1,899.00 257.50 14.00 – 999.00 335.50 71.50 530.00 210.00 126.00 597.70 126.20 30.00 1,850.00 195.00 240.00 2nd Quarter 1,130.00 164.80 – 138.50 1,800.00 252.90 14.80 35.00 1,000.00 319.50 62.90 545.00 204.80 127.00 600.00 138.00 30.00 1,847.00 185.00 190.00 3rd Quarter 1,385.00 149.80 – 130.70 1,849.90 234.00 14.50 23.00 992.00 304.90 54.00 999.00 209.90 112.10 679.00 105.00 26.00 2,100.00 189.00 196.00 4th Quarter 1,500.00 161.90 – 125.40 1,797.00 222.00 12.30 19.20 830.00 247.00 59.00 1,990.00 202.00 94.90 634.90 100.00 23.50 2,098.00 180.00 190.00 Price – Low (Rs.) 2016 1st Quarter 950.00 140.00 – 115.00 1,903.30 185.00 9.70 205.00 380.00 210.00 – 268.00 150.00 72.00 452.00 64.10 31.20 1,300.00 117.00 212.00 2nd Quarter 1,000.00 135.00 – 121.00 2,030.00 197.00 10.10 205.00 400.10 217.50 – 230.00 140.00 81.00 372.00 71.10 36.70 1,340.00 118.00 238.00 3rd Quarter 850.00 135.00 – 120.10 2,030.00 206.00 10.40 208.00 540.00 227.60 – 250.00 150.00 85.00 370.00 78.00 35.80 1,300.00 120.00 183.00 4th Quarter 797.00 143.00 – 138.50 1,975.00 218.00 10.10 – 613.00 253.00 59.00 269.00 165.10 94.60 380.00 70.20 33.30 1,200.00 114.00 172.00 2017 1st Quarter 800.00 133.90 – 128.50 1,930.10 221.00 10.40 – 710.00 256.00 54.90 270.00 180.00 95.00 406.10 59.00 32.10 1,200.00 120.00 150.00 2nd Quarter 865.00 138.00 – 130.50 2,001.00 220.00 11.10 – 810.00 253.50 60.00 296.20 183.00 108.00 400.00 60.50 30.80 1,430.00 142.50 153.00 3rd Quarter 949.00 157.90 – 134.60 1,699.90 220.00 11.10 – 740.00 266.20 58.00 300.10 190.20 118.00 410.10 107.10 28.00 1,350.00 140.00 145.00 4th Quarter 934.10 145.00 – 133.00 1,600.00 236.00 12.00 – 823.00 305.00 56.50 307.10 192.00 118.00 470.00 112.00 27.00 1,276.00 170.00 147.00 2018 1st Quarter 992.00 148.50 – 133.00 1,630.00 238.00 12.80 – 851.10 289.00 57.60 320.00 180.00 115.20 500.00 90.00 26.50 1,400.10 175.00 163.00 2nd Quarter 1,000.30 135.00 – 122.90 1,650.00 223.00 13.60 18.90 900.00 294.00 52.20 388.20 190.00 112.00 520.00 96.00 23.70 1,501.00 170.00 165.00 3rd Quarter 1,100.00 127.00 – 112.90 1,625.00 201.00 11.60 16.20 795.00 236.30 47.70 510.20 192.00 85.00 520.00 85.00 20.00 1,580.00 170.10 165.00 4th Quarter 1,350.00 126.00 – 107.50 1,600.00 200.00 9.90 15.80 700.00 218.00 48.00 900.00 195.00 83.50 520.00 82.40 18.90 1,605.00 145.00 156.00 Maket Capitalisation , Rs. Mn. 2016 1st Quarter 189,553 176,032 – 102,998 108,977 65,741 83,067 61,860 40,867 38,943 – – 33,600 46,147 36,720 34,214 70,029 29,960 23,784 53,024 2nd Quarter 196,690 183,508 – 101,345 128,941 69,974 84,695 62,130 52,994 40,352 – – 34,272 49,239 30,400 37,066 68,224 28,788 21,642 47,074 3rd Quarter 161,098 209,367 – 119,935 118,201 74,267 94,468 71,130 61,177 47,130 – – 39,200 59,602 30,400 39,061 69,668 27,976 22,521 36,076 4th Quarter 151,077 201,183 – 120,852 107,553 74,420 85,510 71,130 71,318 46,086 69,108 – 43,546 56,126 37,200 34,452 64,975 29,800 22,924 34,132 2017 1st Quarter 163,140 191,332 4,287 110,297 112,249 75,694 92,025 71,130 77,077 48,223 68,992 9,234 42,045 62,256 36,800 28,987 60,102 31,724 27,263 32,050 2nd Quarter 185,451 248,079 4,287 129,615 109,063 81,087 97,725 71,130 83,882 53,325 79,597 9,778 45,024 87,763 34,400 53,603 57,756 31,934 29,296 31,167 3rd Quarter 181,891 321,024 4,287 128,970 91,328 92,178 98,540 71,130 92,178 57,440 68,292 9,563 43,008 68,312 37,768 60,350 52,341 28,000 31,127 29,851 4th Quarter 188,167 206,044 4,287 126,554 87,358 97,684 105,869 71,130 90,278 68,577 69,341 10,070 44,778 72,436 43,200 54,696 51,439 31,940 32,958 34,564 2018 1st Quarter 194,817 221,449 4,287 128,359 93,966 96,881 112,384 71,130 90,288 80,205 67,826 11,826 49,894 71,809 42,032 56,074 48,731 36,000 35,246 32,993 2nd Quarter 210,121 204,660 4,287 116,316 93,660 88,977 115,642 96,140 94,280 85,141 61,183 16,131 51,098 65,025 45,600 46,807 44,761 33,600 35,266 32,423 3rd Quarter 254,386 182,460 4,287 106,865 88,642 83,045 96,911 76,820 80,679 67,388 58,270 27,674 51,174 49,101 51,120 40,915 37,000 40,000 36,253 32,797 4th Quarter 265,063 221,588 194,022 108,757 91,333 84,627 82,252 74,060 68,239 66,012 58,619 52,508 51,200 51,056 45,600 42,720 42,234 39,800 34,340 33,425 Source : Colombo Stock Exchange 108 money and capital markets

Table 9.9 Share Issues 2015 – 2018

2015 2016 2017(a) 2018(b)

Issue and Sector No. No. No. No. of Shares Value of Shares Value of Shares Value of Shares Value Issues ’000 Rs. ’000 Issues ’000 Rs. ’000 Issues ’000 Rs. ’000 Issues ’000 Rs. ’000

New Listing(c) Banks, Finance & Insurance 1 6,630 79,565 3 171,500 1,897,500 – – – – – – Beverages, Food & Tobacco – – – – – – – – – – – – Diversified Holdings – – – – – – – – – – – – Manufacturing – – – – – – 1* 30, 685* – – – – Land & Property – – – – – – 1 121,000 960,000 – – – Power & Energy – – – – – – – – – 1 120,000 1,200,000 Construction & Engineering – – – – – – – – – – – – Healthcare 1 100,000 250,000 – – – – – – – – – Hotels & Travels – – – – – – – – – 1 50,219 753,283 Total 2 106,630 329,565 3 171,500 1,897,500 1 121,000 960,000* 2 170,219 1,953,283

Right Issues Banks, Finance & Insurance 4 702,630 4,275,342 4 817,480 1,013,625 11 1,789,484 42,194,731 8 2,209,618 28,172,394 Beverages, Food & Tobacco – – – – – – – – – – – – Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals – – – – – – – – – 1 9,853 394,128 Construction & Engineering 1 53,290 2,398,069 – – – – – – 1 60,000 150,000 Diversified Holdings 1 57,255 4,122,325 – – – – – – 1 230,815 3,923,852 Footwear & Textiles – – – – – – – – – – – – Hotels & Travels 2 137,950 2,101,264 2 98,947 1,517,469 – – – – – – Information Technology – – – – – – – – – – – – Investment Trusts 1 3,993 49,909 – – – – – – 1 31,644 632,878 Land & Property 1 44,394 976,666 – – – 1 355,151 7,280,602 1 200,000 1,600,000 Manufacturing 2 234,872 887,696 – – – 1 19 149,328 – – – Motors – – – – – – – – – – – – Plantations 1 140,501 1,334,760 – – – 1 10,150 101,500 – – – Power & Energy – – – – – – – – – – – – Trading – – – – – – – – – 2 211,547 7,138,338 Stores & Supplies 1 380 45,562 – – – – – – – – – Services 1 25 30,008 – – – 1 1,688 877,752 1 68,400 205,200 Total 15 1,375,290 16,221,603 6 916,427 2,531,094 15 2,156,492 50,603,914 16 3,021,877 42,216,790

Bonus Issues(d) Banks, Finance & Insurance – – – 2 15,092 – – – – – – – Beverages, Food & Tobacco – – 1 960 – 1 32,000 – Construction & Engineering – – – – – – – – – – – – Hotels & Travels – – 1 182 – – – – Land & Property – – – – – – – – – 1 32,500 – Manufacturing – – – 1 47,316 – 1 66,825 – 1 6,154 – Power & Energy 1 238,635 – – – – 1 74,715 – 1 18,310 – Total 1 238,635 – 3 62,409 – 4 142,682 – 4 88,964 –

(a) Revised Source : Colombo Stock Exchange (b) Provisional (c) Excluding new listings which were introduced by way of introductions. (d) Including Capitalisation of Reserves. * Offer for Sale not taken to total 109 Government Finance

Table 10.1 Summary of Fiscal Operations 2009 – 2018 Rs. Million

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Revenue and Grants 725,566 834,188 983,003 1,067,532 1,153,306 1,204,621 1,460,892 1,693,558 1,839,562 1,932,459 Revenue 699,644 817,279 967,862 1,051,460 1,137,447 1,195,206 1,454,878 1,686,062 1,831,531 1,919,973 tax Revenue 618,933 724,747 845,697 908,913 1,005,895 1,050,362 1,355,779 1,463,689 1,670,178 1,712,318 Income Tax 139,558 135,623 157,310 172,563 205,666 198,115 262,583 258,857 274,562 310,449 Taxes on Goods and Services 272,383 355,366 436,758 457,818 506,906 539,023 724,282 747,147 921,244 959,365 Taxes on International Trade 137,260 130,749 162,071 184,634 191,815 198,483 244,231 302,538 311,782 288,341 Other 69,732 103,009 89,558 93,898 101,508 114,741 124,683 155,147 162,590 154,163

non-Tax Revenue 80,711 92,532 122,165 142,547 131,552 144,844 99,099 222,374 161,353 207,656 Property Income 43,991 58,147 71,730 103,669 75,686 73,828 39,055 131,198 67,922 73,820 Fees and Charges 23,321 19,746 30,891 20,739 37,768 35,499 42,398 68,365 66,635 101,132 Other 13,399 14,639 19,544 18,139 18,098 35,517 17,646 22,811 26,796 32,704 Grants 25,922 16,909 15,141 16,071 15,859 9,415 6,014 7,496 8,031 12,486

Expenditure and Net Lending 1,201,927 1,280,205 1,433,182 1,556,499 1,669,396 1,795,865 2,290,394 2,333,883 2,573,056 2,693,228 Recurrent Expenditure 879,575 937,094 1,024,906 1,131,023 1,205,180 1,322,898 1,701,658 1,757,782 1,927,693 2,089,713 Expenditure on Goods and Services 379,731 388,286 451,605 487,833 512,624 568,829 772,563 746,250 756,591 806,002 o/w ; Salaries and Wages 271,229 300,558 319,601 347,747 393,228 440,982 561,730 576,471 588,518 626,045 Interest Payments 309,675 352,592 356,699 408,498 444,007 436,395 509,674 610,895 735,566 852,190 Domestic 273,978 297,127 288,134 317,659 343,022 327,934 394,289 484,182 570,623 639,482 Foreign 35,698 55,464 68,565 90,839 100,985 108,461 115,386 126,713 164,942 212,708 Transfer Payments 190,168 196,216 216,602 234,692 248,549 317,674 419,420 400,637 435,536 431,521

Capital Expenditure 277,416 302,087 377,812 400,082 454,303 459,855 588,175 577,036 638,343 612,561 Acquisition of Real Assets 143,590 158,488 217,438 197,350 252,535 252,303 313,260 328,202 360,333 355,763 Capital Transfers 133,826 143,599 160,374 202,732 201,768 207,551 274,916 248,834 278,010 256,798

Lending minus Repayments 44,936 41,025 30,464 25,394 9,913 13,112 561 -934 7,021 -9,046

Current Account Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -179,931 -119,815 -57,044 -79,563 -67,733 -127,692 -246,779 -71,719 -96,162 -169,740

Overall Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -476,361 -446,017 -450,180 -488,967 -516,090 -591,244 -829,502 -640,325 -733,494 -760,769

Total Financing 476,361 446,017 450,180 488,967 516,090 591,244 829,502 640,325 733,494 760,769 Foreign Financing(b) 230,807 243,788 218,956 286,455 123,700 212,523 236,803 391,914 439,243 323,535 Domestic Financing 245,554 202,229 231,224 202,511 392,390 378,721 592,699 248,411 294,251 437,234 Market Borrowings 234,274 191,999 236,021 202,511 379,390 392,084 592,699 248,411 249,574 329,351 Bank 49,027 -1,892 191,850 131,527 296,977 126,929 291,841 139,955 187,733 109,466 Non-Bank 185,247 193,891 44,171 70,984 82,414 265,155 300,858 108,456 61,841 219,885 Other Borrowings 11,280 10,230 -4,798 – 13,000 -13,363 – – 44,677 107,883

Outstanding Central Government Debt 4,161,422 4,590,245 5,133,365 6,000,112 6,793,249 7,390,899 8,503,227 9,387,303 10,313,045 11,977,539 Domestic 2,400,955 2,565,662 2,804,085 3,232,813 3,832,825 4,277,783 4,959,196 5,341,507 5,594,427 6,017,992 Foreign 1,760,467 2,024,583 2,329,280 2,767,299 2,960,424 3,113,116 3,544,031 4,045,796 4,718,618 5,959,547

As Per cent of GDP(c)(d)

Revenue and Grants 15.0 13.0 13.6 12.2 12.0 11.6 13.3 14.1 13.7 13.4 Total Expenditure and Net Lending 24.9 20.0 19.9 17.8 17.4 17.3 20.9 19.5 19.2 18.6 Recurrent Expenditure 18.2 14.6 14.2 13.0 12.6 12.8 15.5 14.7 14.4 14.5 Current Account Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -3.7 -1.9 -0.8 -0.9 -0.7 -1.2 -2.3 -0.6 -0.7 -1.2 Overall Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -9.9 -7.0 -6.2 -5.6 -5.4 -5.7 -7.6 -5.3 -5.5 -5.3

(a) Provisional Sources : Ministry of Finance (b) Includes rupee denominated Treasury bonds and Treasury bills issued to foreign investors. Central Bank of Sri Lanka (c) From 2003, based on GDP estimates compiled by the Department of Census and Statistics and rebased GDP estimates (base year 2010) of the Department of Census and Statistics have been used from 2010 onwards. (d) Based on revised GDP estimates for 2016 and 2017 released on 19 March 2019 by the Department of Census and Statistics. 110 Government Finance

Table 10.2 Functional Classification of Recurrent Expenditure 2009 – 2018 Rs. Million

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

General Public Services 224,281 228,136 245,266 254,371 270,554 334,354 414,275 408,176 424,975 422,432 Civil Administration 37,123 37,895 43,076 47,135 54,303 73,282 105,661 104,519 113,175 107,847 Defence 144,884 145,243 159,553 163,219 170,150 195,401 233,733 224,315 228,013 228,235 Public Order and Safety 42,274 44,998 42,637 44,017 46,101 65,671 74,881 79,343 83,787 86,350

Social Services 260,071 267,636 314,137 335,427 399,666 446,440 564,190 607,626 640,368 685,739 Education 82,414 85,195 99,043 107,271 119,819 139,787 169,600 179,319 187,628 195,168 Health 58,789 60,506 74,443 81,946 99,609 116,151 140,560 155,402 161,312 180,568 Welfare 105,017 107,690 123,122 128,451 159,787 165,467 230,035 251,490 264,510 276,773 Community Services 13,852 14,245 17,529 17,758 20,451 25,036 23,995 21,415 26,919 33,230

Economic Services 85,188 85,440 88,233 92,034 82,146 105,030 173,430 129,435 126,310 127,052 Agriculture & Irrigation 43,967 44,081 46,290 46,429 29,899 46,782 91,267 63,787 71,460 63,451 Energy and Water Supply 3,429 3,492 3,533 3,612 4,001 394 5,479 1,334 1,478 1,483 Transport & Communication 31,068 31,246 31,823 34,995 36,810 41,129 57,028 48,959 34,657 41,805 Other 6,724 6,621 6,587 6,998 11,435 16,726 19,656 15,354 18,715 20,313

Other 310,035 355,882 358,996 449,191 452,814 437,073 549,763 612,544 736,040 854,490 Of which : Interest Payments 309,675 352,592 356,699 408,498 444,007 436,395 509,674 610,895 735,566 852,190

Total Recurrent Expenditure 879,575 937,094 1,006,633 1,131,023 1,205,180 1,322,898 1,701,658 1,757,782 1,927,693 2,089,713

(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Finance

Table 10.3 Functional Classification of Capital Expenditure and Lending 2009 – 2018 Rs. Million

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

General Public Services 20,094 21,510 32,484 27,510 32,804 43,620 48,699 50,504 46,348 50,261 Civil Administration 18,686 20,212 28,668 26,565 31,631 40,282 44,886 46,128 41,362 44,275 Public Order and Safety 1,409 1,298 3,816 945 1,173 3,338 3,813 4,376 4,986 5,986

Social Services 53,938 56,205 62,953 71,176 77,643 112,338 124,369 117,297 135,306 133,233 Education 18,092 19,053 22,326 28,930 31,982 50,363 55,447 58,971 69,705 71,748 Health 12,664 13,329 14,774 17,155 19,920 22,252 37,230 30,747 35,509 37,893 Housing 5,291 5,489 6,712 7,823 8,014 7,769 7,811 7,152 9,553 9,493 Community Services 17,891 18,334 19,141 17,267 17,727 31,954 23,882 20,426 20,493 14,098

Economic Services 256,411 278,803 311,594 343,828 369,377 330,136 429,030 424,021 474,118 437,897 Agriculture & Irrigation 22,105 24,865 28,568 30,351 36,721 57,099 54,447 68,990 66,663 58,895 Energy and Water Supply 59,983 66,569 74,028 85,589 87,517 51,314 55,499 48,840 54,872 39,107 Transport & Communication 139,104 165,505 186,342 204,539 210,398 177,471 239,279 200,478 228,847 216,147 Other 35,219 21,864 22,656 23,350 34,741 44,252 79,805 105,713 123,736 123,748

Other 5 1 459 1,459 1,379 516 668 2,191 1,614 3,579

Total Capital Expenditure and Lending 330,448 356,519 407,489 443,973 481,203 486,610 602,767 594,013 657,386 624,970

(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Finance 111 Government Finance

Table 10.4 Government Revenue 2009 – 2018 Rs. Million

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Tax Revenue 618,933 724,747 845,697 908,913 1,005,895 1,050,362 1,355,779 1,463,689 1,670,178 1,712,318 Taxes on Foreign Trade 137,260 130,749 162,071 184,634 191,815 198,483 244,231 302,538 311,782 288,341 Imports 79,560 64,163 79,811 80,155 83,123 81,108 132,189 156,487 136,501 96,991 PAL / RIDL / SCL / Other(b) 57,700 66,685 82,260 104,479 108,692 117,375 112,042 146,051 175,280 191,351 Taxes on Domestic Goods and Services 272,383 355,366 436,758 457,818 506,906 539,023 724,282 747,147 921,244 959,365 GST / VAT 171,510 219,990 225,858 229,604 250,757 275,350 219,700 283,470 443,760 461,740 Domestic 103,891 120,412 104,897 109,370 124,440 140,084 130,527 168,134 275,367 282,576 Imports 67,620 99,578 120,961 120,234 126,317 135,266 89,173 115,336 168,393 179,163 Excise Tax 97,604 129,864 204,822 223,960 250,700 256,691 497,652 454,952 469,500 484,287 Liquor 28,525 36,654 55,286 60,086 66,008 69,100 105,264 120,238 113,684 113,944 Tobacco / Cigarettes 37,601 40,675 49,623 53,563 58,567 57,240 80,015 88,792 86,002 92,243 Petroleum 23,018 28,038 22,470 28,466 27,131 28,732 45,092 55,719 73,983 66,318 Other 8,460 24,497 77,444 81,845 98,994 101,618 267,282 190,203 195,831 211,781 Licence Fees 3,269 5,512 6,078 4,254 5,449 6,983 6,929 8,726 7,984 13,339 Taxes on Net Income and Profits 139,558 135,623 157,310 172,563 205,666 198,115 262,583 258,857 274,562 310,449 Corporate 66,751 75,208 98,748 91,888 100,649 98,183 162,019 164,592 177,591 212,112 Non-Corporate 28,229 30,993 24,785 21,413 27,337 30,529 38,152 46,426 45,619 62,242 Taxes on Interest 44,578 29,422 33,776 59,262 77,679 69,402 62,412 47,839 51,351 35,991 Capital Gains Tax – – – – – – – – – 104 Stamp Duty / Cess Levy / SRL / NBT / Other(c) 61,696 92,165 85,326 93,898 101,508 114,742 124,683 155,147 162,591 154,162 Debits Tax 8,036 10,843 4,232 – – – – – – –

Non-Tax Revenue 80,711 92,532 122,165 142,547 131,552 144,844 99,099 222,374 161,353 207,656 Current Revenue 80,633 92,292 121,651 141,716 131,272 127,239 99,001 221,966 161,353 207,656 Property Income 43,991 58,147 71,730 103,669 75,686 73,828 39,055 131,198 67,922 73,820 Rent 1,425 2,048 3,580 2,197 2,331 5,669 2,823 10,980 4,450 5,591 Interest 9,043 8,017 9,846 9,488 9,664 7,978 4,498 4,826 7,395 8,140 Profits and Dividends 11,982 31,301 34,351 46,761 35,169 46,814 29,798 108,160 53,998 41,828 National Lottery 1,542 1781 1,953 2,223 2,173 1,868 1,936 2,231 2,079 3,261 Central Bank Profit Transfers 20,000 15,000 22,000 43,000 26,350 11,500 – 5,000 – 15,000 Social Security Contributions 11,165 11,120 12,628 11,738 15,145 14,919 15,213 18,046 22,940 25,215 Fees and Administration Charges 23,321 19,746 30,891 20,739 37,768 35,499 42,398 68,365 66,635 101,132 Other 2,156 3,279 6,402 5,570 2,673 2,993 2,334 4,357 3,855 7,490 Capital Revenue(d) 78 240 514 831 280 17,604 98 407 – –

Total 699,644 817,279 967,862 1,051,460 1,137,447 1,195,206 1,454,878 1,686,062 1,831,531 1,919,973

(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Finance (b) Port and Airport Development Levy (PAL), Regional Infrastructure Development Levy (RIDL) and Special Commodity Levy (SCL) (c) Social Responsibility Levy (SRL) and Nation Building Tax (NBT) (d) Sale of capital goods 112 Government Finance

Table 10.5 Central Government Domestic Debt 2009 – 2018 Rs. Million

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

By Instruments Rupee Loans 112,292 87,709 61,961 58,386 55,518 55,518 24,088 24,088 24,088 24,088 Treasury Bills(b) 441,032 514,442 590,885 629,070 700,137 694,767 658,240 779,581 697,154 746,887 Sri Lanka Development Bonds 168,079 173,877 183,845 222,994 369,215 391,083 668,458 572,199 637,886 614,219 Central Bank Advances 73,881 77,879 94,743 111,292 109,167 143,898 151,132 83,307 199,801 198,633 Treasury Bonds(c) 1,513,512 1,643,887 1,819,251 2,095,054 2,452,360 2,844,054 3,305,248 3,714,787 3,822,620 4,140,661 Other(d) 92,160 67,869 53,400 116,017 146,429 148,463 152,031 167,545 212,879 293,504 Total 2,400,955 2,565,662 2,804,085 3,232,813 3,832,825 4,277,783 4,959,196 5,341,507 5,594,427 6,017,992

By Ownership Banking Sector 705,766 691,716 886,221 1,060,317 1,433,773 1,669,882 1,924,036 2,114,901 2,328,544 2,315,320 Central Bank 109,593 78,376 263,329 265,198 112,396 267,677 256,050 414,950 209,412 244,128 Commercial Banks 596,172 613,340 622,892 795,119 1,321,377 1,402,205 1,667,986 1,699,951 2,119,133 2,071,192 Non-Bank Sector 1,695,189 1,873,945 1,917,864 2,172,495 2,399,053 2,607,901 3,035,160 3,226,606 3,265,883 3,702,671 Savings Institutions 257,084 286,514 314,319 330,150 358,243 379,877 428,236 426,771 447,792 494,976 Insurance Funds 34,490 32,839 34,356 33,768 30,849 30,536 50,597 76,944 72,305 67,506 Provident and Pension Funds(e) 835,402 884,279 959,303 1,204,729 1,428,534 1,474,560 1,655,336 1,826,413 1,942,739 2,243,834 Official Funds(f) 132,485 167,374 161,568 178,900 202,118 221,584 252,615 271,630 289,154 317,840 Private Business and Individuals(g) 426,177 495,261 447,385 424,015 365,376 500,773 647,807 643,628 513,894 578,516 Other 9,551 7,678 933 933 13,933 570 570 – – – Total 2,400,955 2,565,662 2,804,085 3,232,813 3,832,825 4,277,783 4,959,196 5,341,507 5,594,427 6,017,992

(a) Provisional Sources : Ministry of Finance (b) Excludes outstanding Treasury bills held by foreign investors. Central Bank of Sri Lanka (c) Excludes rupee denominated Treasury bonds held by foreign investors and Treasury bonds amounting to Rs. 78,447 million issued to settle dues to CPC in January 2012. Due to maturing of some of those bonds in January 2017, the outstanding amount remained as Rs. 56,662 million (d) Includes administrative borrowings up to end 2015 and outstanding borrowings from Offshore Banking Units (OBUs). (e) Trusts, Benevolent, Pension and Provident Funds and the Employees’ Provident Fund. (f) The Central Government, Local Authorities, State Corporations, Departmental and other official funds. (g) Includes the value of Treasury Certificates of Deposits, Public Debt Sinking Funds (the Investment Fund w.e.f. September, 1971) and the National Housing Sinking Fund. 113 Government Finance

Table 10.6 Central Government Foreign Debt 2009 – 2018 Rs. Million

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

By Type

Project Loans(b) 1,362,806 1,461,729 1,640,117 1,846,772 1,938,909 1,904,599 2,180,388 2,361,118 2,610,547 3,149,905

Non-Project Loans 397,661 562,854 689,163 920,527 1,021,515 1,208,516 1,363,642 1,684,678 2,108,070 2,809,642 Commodity 62,304 54,653 53,460 56,599 61,597 69,993 71,470 69,101 62,727 63,267 Other(c) 335,357 508,201 635,703 863,928 959,918 1,138,523 1,292,173 1,615,577 2,045,344 2,746,375

Total 1,760,467 2,024,583 2,329,280 2,767,299 2,960,424 3,113,116 3,544,031 4,045,796 4,718,618 5,959,547

By Ownership

Multilateral 665,040 674,936 721,916 844,292 903,540 887,960 994,430 1,076,549 1,198,243 1,451,443 ADB 344,661 358,872 383,461 448,421 478,796 471,762 533,806 569,686 632,237 785,509 EIB 20,463 18,792 18,054 23,438 23,248 21,133 29,728 27,518 29,193 31,255 IBRD – – – 322 4530 6987 10,382 27,760 28,462 37,008 IDA 284,074 281,217 302,244 349,997 373,085 363,052 391,149 417,636 467,832 548,283 IFAD 10,309 11,032 13,007 16,013 17,419 17,098 18,631 21,520 24,405 28,251 OPEC 2,173 1,913 2,052 2,699 2,998 4,783 7,547 9,309 12,743 17,398 Nordic Development Fund 3,360 3,110 3,099 3,403 3,464 3,145 3,187 3,119 3,370 3,741

Bilateral 684,750 739,213 842,804 1,035,907 823,180 793,196 888,971 945,754 992,157 1,163,265 Canada 8,488 8,134 7,701 8,269 7,409 6,339 5,373 5,275 5,254 5,230 France(d) 15,021 18,427 19,503 24,273 26,861 24,698 25,406 24,448 27,977 32,264 Germany 58,279 50,263 47,547 51,164 52,112 43,342 40,726 39,145 43,506 46,937 India 17,902 17,292 41,927 78,322 102,843 119,982 137,413 142,277 145,071 166,915 Japan 426,767 478,931 529,013 547,515 468,366 416,408 457,483 486,199 506,829 613,656 Sources : Ministry of Finance Kuwait 5,103 5,237 5,799 6,194 5,749 5,357 6,765 7,774 8,768 12,124 Central Bank of Sri Lanka Netherlands 291 87 – – – – – – – 0 People’s Republic of China 46,641 56,459 59,497 67,434 67,154 87,743 117,284 131,604 135,728 150,939 Saudi Arabian Fund 2,328 2,338 2,544 2,648 3,868 4,982 10,724 13,255 16,722 21,752 U.S.A. 46,952 42,414 40,318 41,386 38,854 35,246 34,594 31,798 28,295 28,910 Other 56,978 59,633 88,957 208,702 49,963 49,100 53,205 63,978 74,007 84,537

Financial Markets 410,676 610,433 764,560 887,100 1,233,704 1,431,959 1,660,630 2,023,493 2,528,218 3,344,839 Riggs National Bank 3,476 3,140 2,984 3,064 2,922 2,651 2,607 2,336 2,110 2,262 Bankers’ Trust Co. 560 466 399 356 275 184 101 – – – Saloman Bros. Inc. (New York) 270 157 54 – – – – – – – Citi Bank / NEXI – – – – – – 201 – – – Export-Import Bank of China(e) – – – – – 146,262 192,889 242,416 299,405 392,041 Other(f) 406,370 606,670 761,124 883,680 1,230,507 1,282,863 1,464,832 1,778,741 2,226,703 2,950,536

Total 1,760,467 2,024,583 2,329,280 2,767,299 2,960,424 3,113,116 3,544,031 4,045,796 4,718,618 5,959,547

(a) Provisional. Source : Ministry of Finance (b) Includes outstanding balance of loans contracted with multilateral and bilateral lending partners. Central Bank of Sri Lanka (c) Includes rupee denominated Treasury bonds and rupee denominated Treasury bills held by foreign investors, the international sovereign bonds, outstanding defence loans and foreign currency term financing facility. (d) Includes loans from financial institutions. (e) Excludes outstanding loans of projects under State Owned Business Enterprises. (f) Includes outstanding defence loans (up to 2016), Rupee denominated Treasury bonds and Treasury bills held by foreign investors, proceeds from the international sovereign bond issuances, foreign currency term financing facility. 114 Government Finance

Table 10.7 Revenue and Expenditure of Provincial Councils(a) Rs. Million

North North Sabara- Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Total Western Central gamuwa

Revenue and Expenditure Receipts 2016 Grant from the Central Govt. 23,344 24,866 22,118 19,068 18,971 22,688 16,124 17,937 19,555 184,691 Revenue 41,203 6,874 6,630 3,115 3,316 7,383 3,592 3,297 4,186 79,585 Total 64,547 31,760 28,748 22,183 22,287 30,070 19,716 21,234 23,741 264,276 Expenditure Recurrent (Including Local Govt.) 54,325 29,300 28,191 19,313 20,276 28,017 16,732 19,386 22,116 237,655 Capital Expenditure(b) 6,218 2,665 3,507 2,772 1,954 1,951 3,121 2,284 3,497 27,967 Total 60,544 31,964 31,698 22,084 22,230 29,968 19,853 21,670 25,613 265,623

Receipts 2017 Grant from the Central Govt. 16,091 25,420 23,977 21,304 21,420 24,631 16,688 18,840 21,747 190,117 Revenue 44,498 7,382 8,171 3,583 3,699 8,092 3,822 3,487 4,242 86,976 Total 60,589 32,802 32,149 24,887 25,119 32,723 20,510 22,327 25,989 277,094 Expenditure Recurrent (Including Local Govt.) 52,651 30,355 27,548 20,438 22,052 28,527 17,030 20,069 22,668 241,338 Capital Expenditure(b) 7,158 1,477 5,430 3,659 2,749 2,806 3,012 2,911 4,539 33,742 Total 59,810 31,832 32,978 24,097 24,800 31,333 20,042 22,980 27,207 275,080

Receipts 2018 Grant from the Central Govt. 15,472 27,444 25,382 21,385 22,632 24,263 17,155 18,651 23,708 196,093 Revenue 47,109 7,922 8,494 4,006 3,839 8,553 3,961 3,707 4,030 91,621 Total 62,581 35,367 33,876 25,391 26,470 32,817 21,116 22,358 27,739 287,714 Expenditure Recurrent (Including Local Govt.) 55,287 32,278 29,693 22,109 24,586 30,465 18,090 20,307 24,115 256,930 Capital Expenditure(b) 10,898 1,922 4,939 2,373 1,309 1,927 2,863 2,395 2,412 31,040 Total 66,185 34,200 34,632 24,483 25,895 32,392 20,953 22,702 26,527 287,969

Analysis of Revenue Collection 2016 Turnover Tax(c) 29 5 2 – – 3 1 2 2 44 Excise Duty on Liquor(d) 812 431 197 42.482 82 155 67 119 124 2,028 Licence Fee – Vehicles 3,869 851 612 305 455 1234 535 387 672 8,921 Licence Fee – Others – 5 2 – – – ...... 7 Profit and Dividends – – – – – – – – – – Other 16,240 2,992 3,052 2,237 1,820 3,266 2,253 1,938 2,239 36,038 Sub Total 20,951 4,284 3,864 2,585 2,357 4,659 2,856 2,445 3,037 47,038 Stamp Duty 20,252 2,590 2,766 530 959 2723 736 841 1149 32,547 Total 41,203 6,874 6,630 3,115 3,316 7,383 3,592 3,287 4,186 79,585 2017 Turnover Tax(c) 16 3 1 – – 4 1 3 1 29 Excise Duty on Liquor(d) 659 367 142 47 101 141 75 102 96 1,731 Licence Fee – Vehicles 3,988 901 1,176 324 464 1,295 570 420 712 9,849 Licence Fee – Others – 13 2 – … – ...... – 15 Profit and Dividends – – – – – – – – – – Other 19,966 3,688 4,191 2,808 2,184 4,066 2,454 2,201 2,350 43,909 Sub Total 24,629 4,972 5,512 3,180 2,749 5,506 3,101 2,726 3,159 55,533 Stamp Duty 19,869 2,410 2,659 404 950 2,586 721 761 1,083 31,443 Total 44,498 7,382 8,171 3,583 3,699 8,092 3,822 3,487 4,242 86,976 2018 Turnover Tax(c) 8 2 1 – – 8 1 1 – 21 Excise Duty on Liquor(d) 649 425 133 35 125 151 64 98 120 1,800 Licence Fee – Vehicles 4,245 963 1,252 378 496 1,397 604 452 768 10,554 Licence Fee – Others – 10 1 – – ...... 12 Profit and Dividends – – – – – – – – – – Other 20,683 3,863 4,309 2,347 2,251 4,290 2,686 2,353 2,370 45,151 Sub Total 25,586 5,262 5,696 2,760 2,871 5,845 3,356 2,904 3,258 57,538 Stamp Duty 21,523 2,660 2,798 1245 968 2,708 606 804 772 34,083 Total 47,109 7,922 8,494 4,006 3,839 8,553 3,961 3,707 4,030 91,621

(a) As at end December. Source : Ministry of Local Government and (b) Includes Criteria Based Grants (CBG) and Project Specific Development Grants (PSDG). Provincial Councils (c) Turnover tax calculation is been terminated as per the 2011 budget proposals. This accounts to the arrearses collected for 2010. (d) Including Licence Fee – Liquor … Negligible 115 banking and financial institutions

Table 11.1 Assets and Liabilities of the Central Bank 2009 – 2018 Rs. Million

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Assets 821,873 985,407 1,141,717 1,284,448 1,246,008 1,464,295 1,426,259 1,529,210 1,604,834 1,917,439

International Reserves 685,659 862,534 838,607 965,910 1,058,355 1,129,975 1,126,674 1,049,800 1,328,413 1,402,591 Cash and Bank Balances Abroad (including Treasury bills) 232,705 243,672 360,508 327,749 541,148 603,773 666,961 548,126 601,551 521,810 Foreign Government and Non-Government Securities 376,411 547,591 404,983 554,219 431,703 446,262 376,041 378,427 596,218 732,344 Special Drawing Rights 2,286 273 502 491 2,032 1,200 970 303 677 217 IMF Related Assets 74,223 70,926 72,588 80,861 83,369 78,616 82,666 116,705 126,161 147,201 Receivable 33 72 26 2,590 104 124 36 6,238 3,807 1,020

Loans and Advances 75,017 80,339 97,057 113,136 110,542 145,387 152,018 83,791 200,025 198,729 To Government 73,881 77,879 94,743 111,292 109,167 143,898 151,132 83,307 199,801 198,633 To Others 1,137 2,460 2,314 1,844 1,375 1,489 886 484 224 96

Government and Government Guaranteed Securities 37,451 2,098 169,797 168,237 5,252 6,078 79,217 330,043 25,576 273,009

Other Assets and Accounts 23,746 40,436 36,257 37,165 71,858 182,855 68,349 65,577 50,819 43,110

Liabilities 821,873 985,407 1,141,717 1,284,448 1,246,008 1,464,295 1,426,259 1,529,210 1,604,834 1,917,439

Capital 25,000 25,000 25,000 35,000 35,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000

Currency Issued 217,430 255,652 293,233 318,060 339,771 416,895 491,700 552,778 598,054 640,943 Notes in Circulation 212,173 249,977 287,080 311,152 332,382 408,773 481,969 541,460 585,328 627,120 Coins in Circulation 5,257 5,675 6,153 6,909 7,389 8,122 9,731 11,318 12,726 13,822

Deposits 361,918 465,017 646,616 736,447 678,469 603,314 732,662 794,927 824,353 972,553 Government 2,326 3,083 1,797 686 411 305 423 333 297 301 Commercial Banks 86,086 104,853 146,269 166,288 148,810 161,009 181,727 303,251 341,712 320,106 Govt. Agencies and Institutions 22 6 2 14 5 7 5 118 27 48 International Organisations, Foreign Governments & Foreign Banking Institutions 273,481 357,069 498,543 569,454 529,238 441,987 550,504 491,221 482,312 652,080 Other 3 6 4 4 5 5 3 4 4 18

Securities Outstanding 78,023 95,055 – – – – – – – –

Borrowings Abroad – – – – – – – – – –

Other Liabilities and Accounts 139,502 144,683 176,868 194,941 192,767 394,086 151,897 131,505 132,426 253,943

(a) Provisional Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka 116 banking and financial institutions

Table 11.2 Selected Financial Highlights of Licensed Commercial Banks 2014 – 2018 Rs. Million

Item 2014 2015 2016 2017(a) 2018(b)

Profit and Loss Account total income 659,850 688,809 860,358 1,094,182 1,256,417 Interest Income 561,809 591,331 757,486 971,871 1,108,735 Non-interest Income 98,041 97,478 102,872 122,311 147,682 Total expenses 500,645 503,727 650,415 835,063 965,351 Interest expenses 340,461 325,235 453,185 630,247 711,127 Non-interest expenses 160,184 178,492 197,230 204,816 254,224 net Interest Income 221,348 266,096 304,301 341,624 397,608 Profits Before Taxations and Provisions 159,205 185,082 209,943 259,119 291,066 Total Provisions 10,690 19,058 10,726 19,623 42,398 Operating Profits/Losses on Ordinary Activities Before Taxes 148,515 166,023 199,217 239,496 248,668 Profits After Tax 88,005 97,124 116,495 138,918 125,903 Balance Sheet Items total Assets 6,971,832 8,077,474 9,046,583 10,292,397 11,793,987 cash and Due from Banks 936,801 807,917 988,082 1,022,595 1,062,934 Cash and Short-term Funds 557,270 330,197 364,823 354,507 353,357 Balances with Central Bank 164,327 190,765 296,282 339,248 318,619 Placement with Banks, Financial Institutes and Own Head Office 215,205 286,954 326,978 328,840 390,958 Investments 1,953,237 2,367,810 2,291,323 2,576,672 2,697,353 Treasury Bills 447,597 443,834 293,329 506,270 547,810 Treasury Bonds 994,636 1,144,029 1,285,286 1,291,860 1,345,974 Other Government Securities 394,158 633,767 572,977 639,671 663,608 Investment in Associates and Subsidiaries 25,689 20,213 20,790 22,288 25,796 Other Investments 1,085,793 1,269,995 1,404,226 1,408,443 1,460,139 Loans and Advances (Net of IIS and Provisions) 3,810,652 4,620,046 5,438,604 6,318,684 7,542,239 Gross Loans and Advances 4,022,838 4,839,334 5,686,828 6,592,546 7,897,797 Interest in Suspense (IIS) 128,293 124,044 146,076 161,626 204,410 Gross Loans and Advances (Net of IIS) 3,894,545 4,715,290 5,540,751 6,430,920 7,693,386 Loan Loss Provisions – Total 83,893 95,245 102,148 112,236 151,147 Specific Provisions 65,683 71,619 74,150 79,726 113,500 General Provisions 18,210 23,626 27,998 32,510 37,647 Net Loans (Net of IIS and Provisions) 3,810,652 4,620,046 5,438,604 6,318,684 7,542,239 Fixed Assets 78,306 90,050 98,052 110,694 142,973 Other Assets 192,835 191,652 230,522 263,753 348,488 total Liabilities (Including Equity) 6,971,832 8,077,474 9,046,583 10,292,397 11,793,987 Deposits 4,686,306 5,403,131 6,295,559 7,399,006 8,492,427 Rupee Deposits 3,914,396 4,471,076 5,254,085 6,230,629 7,057,748 Foreign Currency Deposits 771,910 932,055 1,041,474 1,168,377 1,434,678 Borrowings 1,448,209 1,758,389 1,696,414 1,607,062 1,763,384 LKR Borrowings 582,730 679,969 665,760 599,826 742,147 Foreign Currency Borrowings 865,479 1,078,421 1,030,654 1,007,236 1,021,237 Other Liabilities 268,807 279,227 347,326 419,625 507,808 equity Capital and Reserves 568,511 636,727 707,285 866,704 1,030,368 Share Capital/Assigned Capital/Paid-up Capital 163,657 165,692 185,402 246,915 299,768 Statutory Reserve Fund 26,153 29,628 34,502 42,255 50,056 Total Other Reserves 378,701 441,407 487,381 577,535 680,544 off Balance Sheet Exposures 3,228,916 3,455,573 7,258,154 3,997,673 4,588,843 Contingencies 2,171,108 2,271,576 5,973,241 2,633,406 3,048,831 Commitments 937,514 1,092,437 1,185,251 1,240,530 1,384,447 Contra Accounts 120,293 91,560 99,661 123,736 155,565 Liquidity Total Liquid Assets (DBU Operations Only) 1,951 1,936 2,019 2,480 2,507 Statutory Liquidity Ratio % (DBU Operations Only) 39.5 33.9 29.9 31.3 27.6 Capital Adequacy Common Equity Tier I (CETI) Capital – – – 706,234 826,318 Total Tier 1 Capital 513,527 559,966 636,755 706,228 826,316 Total Capital Base 600,993 661,315 790,189 870,557 1,038,220 Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) Capital Ratio, % – – – 12.3 12.0 Total Tier 1 Capital Ratio, % 14.7 13.0 12.6 12.3 12.0 Total Capital Ratio, % 17.2 15.4 15.6 15.2 15.1 Assets Quality Gross NPL Ratio (Net of IIS), % 4.2 3.2 2.6 2.5 3.4 Net NPL Ratio (Net of IIS and Provisions), % 2.1 1.2 0.7 0.8 1.5 Specific Provision Coverage Ratio, % 39.7 46.9 52.1 49.6 43.1 Total Provisions Coverage Ratio, % 50.7 62.3 71.8 69.9 57.4 Earnings Return on Assets (Before Tax), % 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 Return on Assets (After Tax), % 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.1 Return on Equity (After Tax), % 16.6 16.2 17.3 17.6 13.2 Interest Margin, % 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6

(a) Revised (b) Provisional Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka 117 banking and financial institutions

Table 11.3 Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks 2009 – 2018 Rs. Million

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Assets

Cash in Hand 35,590 39,104 50,362 66,522 75,164 87,469 103,643 123,276 158,658 167,876

Due from Central Bank 88,047 107,705 149,711 169,466 151,200 164,428 199,646 308,671 341,828 336,267

Due from Domestic Banks 18,800 11,474 51,390 49,840 25,568 43,810 80,582 74,813 78,804 78,638

Cash Items in Process of Collection 27,893 6,066 21,866 35,890 25,762 14,831 17,591 20,289 24,048 28,255

Foreign Currency on Hand and Balances due from Banks Abroad 236,081 191,240 159,567 155,013 108,503 196,950 359,740 432,933 525,901 772,110

Investments 476,507 538,474 517,045 648,725 980,866 1,063,637 1,189,962 1,282,031 1,567,654 1,566,548 Treasury bills 144,393 205,405 175,644 200,718 398,394 262,049 325,001 227,517 428,452 447,299 Government Securities 221,798 198,195 283,750 389,824 514,241 718,972 741,493 937,305 1,022,461 1,008,509 Other 110,316 134,874 57,651 58,183 68,231 82,616 123,468 117,209 116,741 110,740

Loans and Advances 1,137,415 1,454,618 1,905,732 2,305,613 2,547,662 2,776,488 3,477,653 4,205,719 4,890,778 5,755,754 Bills Purchased and Discounted 30,376 29,574 31,021 34,655 45,008 42,580 19,029 20,063 24,711 33,585 Overdrafts 246,205 338,357 373,762 495,973 489,383 531,878 605,893 707,018 864,011 1,037,776 Loans 860,834 1,086,687 1,500,949 1,774,985 2,013,271 2,202,030 2,852,731 3,478,638 4,002,056 4,684,393

Fixed and Other Assets 210,022 218,055 302,005 326,301 413,542 508,326 269,706 234,850 237,169 340,216

Total 2,230,356 2,566,737 3,157,677 3,757,370 4,328,266 4,855,940 5,698,522 6,682,581 7,824,839 9,045,664

Liabilities

Paid-up Capital, Reserve Funds and Undistributed Profits 191,017 237,814 313,334 375,920 444,945 528,661 608,898 716,963 850,931 1,002,594

Demand Deposits 184,283 235,981 243,451 243,735 272,753 339,458 389,293 405,152 425,822 461,547 Inter Banks 5,124 6,920 9,856 14,865 22,321 11,629 9,539 8,923 16,193 22,497 Govt. of Sri Lanka 20,396 34,607 33,691 25,398 24,754 34,441 44,182 41,661 46,843 45,295 Residents 154,849 190,637 195,835 198,496 219,966 282,722 326,926 347,005 353,876 357,680 Non-Residents 3,914 3,817 4,069 4,976 5,713 10,667 8,645 7,563 8,910 36,075

Time and Savings Deposits 1,488,603 1,718,996 2,117,734 2,554,485 2,980,394 3,301,517 3,901,124 4,672,937 5,566,871 6,432,666 Govt. of Sri Lanka 7,063 14,851 30,840 54,401 26,422 30,513 29,150 16,419 27,973 75,433 Residents 1,200,045 1,405,808 1,753,896 2,143,136 2,574,215 2,848,402 3,342,224 4,046,935 4,872,014 5,596,536 Non-Residents 281,495 298,337 332,998 356,948 379,757 422,601 529,750 609,584 666,884 760,696

Borrowings 103,329 112,825 167,017 217,952 239,441 283,758 377,930 418,504 417,328 442,585 Domestic Inter Banks 88,998 99,473 147,275 142,492 127,460 145,315 182,212 206,131 254,942 268,771 Foreign 14,331 13,351 19,742 75,460 111,981 138,443 195,717 212,374 162,385 173,813

Other Liabilities 263,124 261,121 316,141 365,278 390,732 402,545 421,277 469,025 563,888 706,274

Total 2,230,356 2,566,737 3,157,677 3,757,370 4,328,266 4,855,940 5,698,522 6,682,581 7,824,839 9,045,664

(a) Provisional Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka Note : Data refer to operations of domestic banking units only. 118 banking and financial institutions

Table 11.4 Mobilization of Deposits by Type of Deposit 2014 – 2018

Rupees Million Percentage Share Item 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a) 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Demand Deposits

Licensed Commercial Banks 380,970 446,448 479,202 496,010 543,965 7.55 7.67 7.07 6.18 5.95

Savings Deposits 1,519,193 1,794,032 1,926,016 2,114,111 2,269,487 30.09 30.80 28.43 26.34 24.83 Licensed Commercial Banks 1,282,186 1,518,521 1,627,851 1,779,045 1,909,489 25.40 26.07 24.02 22.16 20.90 Licensed Specialised Banks 179,425 211,073 230,256 253,293 261,297 3.55 3.62 3.40 3.16 2.86 Licensed Finance Companies 16,984 22,568 22,184 30,014 34,601 0.34 0.39 0.33 0.37 0.38 Thrift & Credit Co-operative Societies 2,839 1,203 3,225 5,820 12,145 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.13 Co-operative Rural Banks 37,759 40,666 42,500 45,939 51,955 0.75 0.70 0.63 0.57 0.57

Time Deposits 3,148,426 3,583,894 4,370,522 5,416,291 6,324,864 62.36 61.53 64.50 67.48 69.21 Licensed Commercial Banks 2,180,149 2,531,020 3,200,730 3,985,888 4,751,133 43.18 43.46 47.24 49.66 51.99 Licensed Specialised Banks 523,884 548,497 611,719 718,422 813,792 10.38 9.42 9.03 8.95 8.91 Licensed Finance Companies 396,468 457,486 507,688 655,670 681,317 7.85 7.85 7.49 8.17 7.46 Thrift & Credit Co-operative Societies 1,044 401 1,075 n.a. 5,937 0.02 0.01 0.02 – 0.06 Co-operative Rural Banks 46,881 46,490 49,310 56,311 72,685 0.93 0.80 0.73 0.70 0.80

Total(b) 5,048,589 5,824,374 6,775,740 8,026,412 9,138,316 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

(a) Provisional Sources : Co-operative Development Department (b) Demand, Savings & Time Deposits of all institutions. Sanasa Federation n.a. – Not available Central Bank of Sri Lanka

Table 11.5 Deposits of Commercial Banks by Ownership 2014 – 2018 Rs. Million

2014 2015 2016 2017(a) 2018(b)

Time & Time & Time & Time & Time & Item Demand Demand Demand Demand Demand Savings Savings Savings Savings Savings Deposits Deposits Deposits Deposits Deposits Deposits Deposits Deposits Deposits Deposits

Government 34,441 30,513 44,182 29,150 41,661 16,419 46,843 27,973 45,295 75,433 Financial Institutions(c) 18,189 78,243 21,197 72,337 21,381 70,830 22,563 166,064 22,352 167,191 Plantation 3,396 6,156 3,670 7,839 3,553 7,370 8,440 11,706 8,440 13,796 Trading 25,012 48,169 29,205 46,823 28,228 55,198 32,501 67,124 28,920 66,915 Manufacturing 19,299 35,739 15,779 45,846 18,368 61,211 16,297 69,224 20,398 82,396 Other Business Institutions 95,115 289,477 98,808 318,190 102,345 435,570 115,186 541,053 122,026 819,476 Non-Business Institutions 29,229 120,708 31,094 124,977 31,348 161,684 29,847 149,023 33,177 184,309 Individuals 92,725 2,240,810 110,696 2,618,366 115,793 3,111,058 122,145 3,642,324 128,199 3,843,356 Local Government and Provincial Councils 14,633 17,404 16,344 15,207 20,553 16,247 18,035 11,174 22,145 13,157 Certificates of Deposits(d) – – – – – – – – – – Foreign Currency Deposits 29,871 521,453 33,778 652,247 40,726 735,307 40,369 816,303 81,944 984,894

Total 361,910 3,388,671 404,753 3,930,982 423,956 4,670,895 452,225 5,501,968 512,898 6,250,924

(a) Revised Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (b) Provisional (c) Includes Interbank Deposits. (d) From 2011 onwards Certificates of Deposits are reported under other categories based on their ownership. 119 banking and financial institutions

Table 11.6 Commercial Banks’ Loans and Advances to the Private Sector(a)(b) Rs. Million

Item Dec. 2014 Dec. 2015 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2017 Dec. 2018(c)

1. agriculture and Fishing 287,292 308,950 361,463 412,371 469,959 of which, Tea 68,543 72,707 82,435 91,048 99,980 Rubber 20,754 18,459 23,803 24,432 34,391 Coconut 7,821 12,234 16,261 20,444 24,520 Paddy 16,852 19,004 28,947 32,594 35,735 Vegetable and Fruit Cultivation, and Minor Food Crops 16,441 20,022 25,093 29,336 37,869 Livestock and Dairy Farming 11,221 14,432 15,387 21,502 24,518 Fisheries 11,707 11,022 14,045 17,504 20,132

2. Industry 1,118,034 1,397,487 1,707,466 2,041,423 2,354,355 of which, Construction 469,764 639,240 811,249 993,450 1,133,752 of which, Personal Housing including Purchasing / Construction / Repairs 224,829 306,252 389,440 472,969 534,851 Staff Housing 55,983 64,563 69,077 72,981 78,774 Food and Beverages 71,072 85,372 95,334 105,135 124,644 Textiles and Apparel 148,528 129,884 159,358 174,671 201,556 Wood and Wood Products including Furniture 8,153 14,474 14,911 17,980 19,988 Paper and Paper Products 7,573 11,260 13,336 17,418 20,490 Chemical, Petroleum, Pharmaceutical and Healthcare and Rubber and Plastic Products 51,094 76,174 76,706 90,476 121,853 Non-Metallic Mineral Products 10,786 14,994 16,645 24,092 30,905 Basic Metal Products 12,704 19,040 23,610 30,991 36,599 Fabricated Metal Products, Machinery and Transport Equipment 101,003 124,892 148,762 170,257 202,720 Other Manufactured Products 10,898 14,513 19,366 21,660 21,300

3. Services 709,311 950,916 1,287,626 1,393,900 1,641,377 of which, Wholesale and Retail Trade 230,826 273,033 387,271 435,796 486,686 Tourism 76,757 102,908 138,726 171,975 198,323 Financial and Business Services 147,513 217,593 308,134 306,533 396,279 Transport 31,376 53,983 64,603 71,755 88,752 Communication and Information Technology 40,567 50,049 61,881 60,455 58,950 Printing and Publishing 12,982 15,742 18,512 22,545 26,243 Education 5,380 7,134 9,378 10,752 12,124 Health 15,386 25,194 30,454 34,731 39,320 Shipping, Aviation and Freight Forwarding 13,926 13,248 28,097 19,190 25,384

4. Personal Loans and Advances(d) 651,608 771,128 888,561 1,053,177 1,267,443 of which, Consumer Durables 92,015 143,517 198,146 210,206 228,438 Pawning 172,699 133,418 132,408 148,411 171,732 Credit Cards 57,520 64,641 75,947 91,451 106,586 Personal Education 1,760 2,223 2,322 2,920 4,531 Personal Healthcare 2,062 3,300 3,516 3,979 2,860 Other 293,542 378,535 443,063 556,633 709,396

5. Total 2,766,246 3,428,481 4,245,116 4,900,870 5,733,134

(a) Based on the Quarterly Survey of Commercial Bank’s Loans and Advances to the Private Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka. Sector, which includes loans and advances of both DBUs and OBUs of commercial banks. (b) Includes loans, overdrafts, bills discounted and purchased, and excludes cash items in the process of collection. (c) Provisional (d) Excludes personal housing loans, which have been included under ‘Construction’ classified under ‘industry‘ and includes Safety Net Scheme related loans. 120 banking and financial institutions

Table 11.7 Number of Bank Branches by Province 2017 and 2018 Numbers

North North Sabara- All Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Island

End 2017

Licensed Commercial Banks domestic Banks Amana Bank Ltd. 8 3 1 0 9 3 1 1 2 28 Bank of Ceylon 161 74 69 71 62 61 48 41 51 638 Cargills Bank Ltd. 5 3 2 3 0 1 1 1 1 17 Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC 131 22 28 18 10 20 8 9 16 262 DFCC Bank PLC(a) 40 15 22 6 10 10 9 9 15 136 Hatton National Bank PLC 95 24 25 21 25 18 10 12 11 241 National Development Bank PLC 50 8 9 7 6 11 5 4 7 107 Nations Trust Bank PLC 50 8 13 3 4 7 2 3 4 94 Pan Asia Banking Corporation PLC 38 11 8 5 5 6 3 3 6 85 People’s Bank 215 95 86 48 64 74 46 49 58 735 Sampath Bank PLC 101 22 24 13 17 21 9 9 14 230 Seylan Bank PLC 72 15 13 10 9 15 12 7 10 163 Union Bank of Colombo PLC 27 6 7 5 2 7 5 3 5 67 Foreign Banks 39 4 4 3 2 0 0 0 0 52 Total 1,032 310 311 213 225 254 159 151 200 2,855

Licensed Specialised Banks Housing Development Finance Corporation Bank of Sri Lanka 13 5 5 2 3 4 2 2 3 39 Lankaputhra Development Bank Ltd. 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 8 National Savings Bank 80 28 38 21 17 26 15 12 22 259 Pradeshiya Sanwardana Bank 34 33 54 7 20 32 25 26 34 265 Sanasa Development Bank 18 8 13 6 14 9 10 5 8 91 Sri Lanka Savings Bank 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 4 State Mortgage and Investment Bank 7 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 25 Total 154 78 115 39 58 74 56 47 70 691

All Banks 1,186 388 426 252 283 328 215 198 270 3,546

End 2018(b)

Licensed Commercial Banks domestic Banks Amana Bank Ltd. 8 4 1 0 9 3 1 1 2 29 Bank of Ceylon 163 74 70 71 62 61 48 41 51 641 Cargills Bank Ltd. 6 3 2 3 0 2 1 1 1 19 Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC 133 23 29 18 10 21 8 9 16 267 DFCC Bank PLC(a) 40 15 23 6 10 11 9 9 15 138 Hatton National Bank PLC 94 24 25 21 25 18 10 12 11 240 National Development Bank PLC 50 9 9 7 6 11 5 4 7 108 Nations Trust Bank PLC 50 9 13 3 4 7 2 3 4 95 Pan Asia Banking Corporation PLC 38 11 8 5 5 6 3 3 6 85 People’s Bank 216 95 86 48 64 74 46 49 58 736 Sampath Bank PLC 101 22 24 13 17 21 9 9 14 230 Seylan Bank PLC 73 15 13 10 12 18 12 7 11 171 Union Bank of Colombo PLC 27 6 7 5 2 7 5 3 5 67 Foreign Banks 40 3 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 51 Total 1,039 312 314 212 228 260 159 151 201 2,877

Licensed Specialised Banks Housing Development Finance Corporation Bank of Sri Lanka 13 5 5 2 3 4 2 2 3 39 Lankaputhra Development Bank Ltd. 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 8 National Savings Bank 80 28 39 21 17 27 15 12 22 261 Pradeshiya Sanwardana Bank 34 33 54 7 20 32 25 26 34 265 Sanasa Development Bank 20 9 13 6 14 9 10 5 8 94 Sri Lanka Savings Bank 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 4 State Mortgage and Investment Bank 7 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 25 Total 156 79 116 39 58 75 56 47 70 696

All Banks 1,195 391 430 251 286 335 215 198 271 3,573

Note : All Banking outlets except Students Savings Units. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka. (a) DFCC Bank and DFCC Vardhana Bank were amalgamated on 01.10.2015 to establish DFCC Bank PLC. (b) Provisional 121 banking and financial institutions

Table 11.8 Bank Branches and Banking Density by District – 2018(a) (b) (d) (c) District Amana Bank Ltd. Bank of Ceylon Cargills Bank Ltd. Bank of Ceylon PLC Commercial DFCC Bank PLC Hatton National Bank PLC Bank PLC Nations Trust National Development Bank PLC Pan Asia Banking Corporation PLC People’s Bank Sampath Bank Ltd. Seylan Bank PLC Union Bank of Colombo Ltd. Banks Foreign Housing Development Finance Corporation Bank of Sri Lanka Lankaputhra Development Bank Ltd National Savings Bank Bank Ltd. Pradeshiya Sanwardana Sanasa Development Bank Ltd. Sri Lanka Saving Bank State Mortgage and Investment Bank

Domestic Commercial Banks Licensed Specialised Banks No. of Branches Total Population, ’000 Population per Branch Banking Density Index

Ampara 5 25 0 4 6 11 2 3 2 28 7 6 0 1 1 0 8 10 8 0 1 128 705 5,508 18 Anuradhapura 0 34 0 6 4 7 1 3 2 31 6 7 5 0 1 0 12 14 8 1 1 143 918 6,420 16 Badulla 1 24 0 6 5 6 2 3 2 35 5 4 2 0 1 0 6 16 2 0 1 121 864 7,140 14 Batticoloa 3 21 0 5 3 6 1 2 2 19 6 4 1 1 1 1 7 7 3 0 1 94 560 5,957 17 Colombo 7 95 5 78 23 55 36 31 28 121 63 41 17 38 6 1 43 4 10 1 3 706 2,419 3,426 29 Galle 1 28 1 13 8 9 5 4 3 36 10 5 3 4 2 0 14 19 6 0 1 172 1,113 6,471 15 Gampaha 1 46 1 42 9 30 9 14 7 60 28 21 7 2 5 0 25 12 5 0 2 326 2,391 7,334 14 Hambantota 0 19 0 6 5 8 4 3 2 21 6 4 2 0 2 1 11 15 4 0 1 114 647 5,675 18 Jaffna 0 38 2 12 4 12 2 6 3 29 8 6 3 2 1 0 15 2 2 0 1 148 608 4,108 24 Kalutara 0 22 0 13 8 9 5 5 3 35 10 11 3 0 2 0 12 18 5 0 2 163 1,271 7,798 13 Kandy 4 42 2 16 8 14 6 6 7 51 15 9 5 3 2 1 17 18 4 0 1 231 1,452 6,286 16 Kegalle 1 24 0 6 5 4 1 2 3 28 6 6 2 0 1 1 10 16 6 0 1 123 877 7,130 14 Kilinochchi 0 7 0 2 1 2 0 0 1 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 22 124 5,636 18 Kurunegala 2 37 1 13 6 9 5 6 2 51 13 11 4 0 3 0 19 21 6 0 1 210 1,694 8,067 12 Mannar 0 8 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 5 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 1 0 25 107 4,280 23 Matale 0 14 0 3 5 3 2 2 3 19 3 2 1 0 2 0 4 7 3 0 1 74 514 7,041 14 Matara 0 23 1 10 10 8 4 2 3 29 8 4 2 0 1 0 14 20 3 1 1 144 851 5,910 17 Moneragala 0 17 1 3 4 6 1 1 1 14 4 3 1 0 1 0 6 10 3 0 1 77 485 6,299 16 Mullaitivu 0 9 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 7 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 24 96 4,000 25 Nuwara Eliya 0 18 1 4 2 7 1 1 1 25 4 4 0 0 1 0 7 8 2 0 1 87 756 8,690 12 Polonnaruwa 1 14 1 2 5 3 1 2 1 15 3 5 0 0 1 1 3 11 2 0 1 72 431 5,986 17 Puttalam 1 24 1 8 5 9 2 5 4 23 8 7 3 0 1 1 8 11 3 0 1 125 814 6,512 15 Ratnapura 1 27 1 10 10 7 3 5 3 30 8 5 3 0 2 0 12 18 2 0 1 148 1,151 7,777 13 Trincomalee 1 16 0 1 1 8 1 1 1 17 4 2 1 0 1 1 2 3 3 0 0 64 412 6,438 16 Vavuniya 0 9 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 32 184 5,750 17

Total 29 641 19 267 138 240 95 108 85 736 230 171 67 51 39 8 261 265 94 4 25 3,573 21,444 6,003 17

Note : All Banking outlets except Students Savings Units. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (a) Provisional (b) DFCC Bank and DFCC Vardhana Bank were amulgamated on 01.10.2015 to establish DFCC Bank PLC. (c) Foreign Banks – Axis Bank Ltd., Citi Bank N.A., Deutsche Bank AG, Habib Bank Ltd, ICICI Bank Ltd., Indian Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, MCB Ltd., Public Bank Berhard, Standard Chartered Bank Ltd., State Bank of India and Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd. (d) No. of Bank Branches per 100,000 persons. 122 banking and financial institutions

Table 11.9 Bank Branch Network 2009 – 2018

Name of Bank 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015(a) 2016 2017(a) 2018(b)

Licensed Commercial Banks* 1,948 2,135 2,402 2,549 2,663 2,734 2,789 2,841 2,855 2,877

domestic Banks 1,911 2,096 2,359 2,504 2,616 2,683 2,736 2,788 2,803 2,826 Amana Bank Ltd 0 0 14 14 24 24 24 28 28 29 Bank of Ceylon(c) 495 523 565 608 628 632 637 640 638 641 Cargills Bank Ltd 0 0 0 0 0 3 11 15 17 19 Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC(c) 168 182 210 226 234 238 246 256 262 267 DFCC Bank PLC 58 114 117 123 130 133 134 137 136 138 Hatton National Bank PLC 169 188 217 225 231 231 239 240 241 240 National Development Bank PLC 44 47 60 69 78 83 93 104 107 108 Nations Trust Bank PLC 40 42 52 62 77 94 97 94 94 95 Pan Asia Banking Corporation PLC 35 41 64 73 77 78 79 82 85 85 People’s Bank 647 656 702 723 730 736 735 735 735 736 Sampath Bank PLC 130 168 203 206 209 217 222 229 230 230 Seylan Bank PLC 108 114 125 139 147 153 155 163 163 171 Union Bank of Colombo Ltd 17 21 30 36 51 61 64 65 67 67 Foreign Banks 37 39 43 45 47 51 53 53 52 51

Licensed Specialised Banks* 505 568 608 630 656 654 671 683 691 696 Housing Development Finance Corporation Bank of Sri Lanka 26 28 31 32 33 36 38 38 39 39 Lankaputhra Development Bank 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 National Savings Bank 157 186 210 219 229 235 245 255 259 261 Pradeshiya Sanwardhana Bank 235 245 252 261 265 265 265 265 265 265 Sanasa Development Bank Ltd 53 73 79 81 82 82 87 88 91 94 Sri Lanka Savings Bank 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 State Mortgage and Investment Bank 13 15 15 16 22 24 24 25 25 25 Others(d) 13 13 13 13 13 0 0 0 0 0 Total Bank Branches 2,453 2,703 3,010 3,179 3,319 3,388 3,460 3,524 3,546 3,573

District Co-operative Rural Banks 1,805 1,935 2,019 1,949 2,080 2,185 2,210 2,227 2,258 2,284 Total Branches (including Rural Banks) 4,258 4,638 5,029 5,128 5,399 5,573 5,670 5,751 5,804 5,857 Population (’000) 20,476 20,675 20,869 20,424 20,579 20,771 20,966 21,203 21,444 21,670 Population per Bank Branch 8,347 7,649 6,933 6,425 6,200 6,131 6,060 6,017 6,047 6,065 No. of Branches per 100,000 persons (Density) Total Bank Branches 12.0 13.1 14.4 15.6 16.1 16.3 16.5 16.6 16.5 16.5 Commercial Bank Branches 9.5 10.3 11.5 12.5 12.9 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.3 13.3 All Branches (including Rural Banks) 20.8 22.4 24.1 25.1 26.2 26.8 27.0 27.1 27.1 27.0

* All Banking outlets except Students Savings Units. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka (a) Revised (b) Provisional (c) Overseas bank branches are also includes. (d) Banks which are not in operation now.

Banking Density (LCBs and LSBs) by Province as at end 2018 123 banking and financial institutions

Table 11.10 Non-Bank Financial Institutions 2011 – 2018(a) Rs. Million

Item 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(b)

Assets 474,229 573,435 684,585 814,553 996,127 1,211,891 1,354,991 1,431,332 Cash and Bank Balances 20,351 25,887 40,907 44,091 43,844 76,129 107,746 96,271 Cash in Hand 1,517 2,100 2,540 3,097 3,391 4,463 6,702 7,653 Demand Deposits with Com. Banks 8,042 9,850 12,168 12,637 12,977 18,869 29,671 35,154 Time & Savings Deposits with Com. Banks 10,563 12,898 24,304 26,149 24,726 51,175 67,187 50,323 Deposits with Other Deposit taking Institutions 228 1,039 1,895 2,208 2,750 1,623 4,186 3,140 Investments 30,724 40,000 51,776 109,717 99,634 111,708 118,068 109,667 Investments in Govt. of Sri Lanka Securities 12,525 18,949 30,623 62,325 58,122 73,205 65,552 65,072 Treasury Bills 12,230 17,465 26,327 48,690 49,040 62,679 58,603 62,806 Treasury Bonds 295 1,483 4,296 13,636 9,082 10,526 6,949 2,266 Shares Held for Trading Investments 4,181 4,344 4,607 6,990 6,269 6,221 4,566 4,424 Debentures 1,055 597 1,684 909 2,418 1,238 2,544 5,440 Shares in Other Companies 2,339 2,136 1,472 1,699 2,616 1,561 1,821 1,731 Shares in Subsidiary & Associate Companies 5,494 6,243 5,584 26,821 27,408 26,676 26,955 16,674 Investment Properties 5,262 6,659 7,541 8,668 9,990 11,218 14,654 18,116 Other Investments 255 1,526 1,522 3,382 5,302 1,543 12,461 2,431 Provision for decline in value of investment securities -386 -455 -1,258 -1,079 -12,492 -9,954 -10,487 -4,222 Loans & Advances (Net) 373,104 448,941 521,320 603,748 795,844 962,672 1,057,097 1,137,046 Leasing 166,052 214,866 249,117 275,593 419,296 490,412 554,274 635,651 Hire Purchase 118,400 122,985 122,176 120,613 73,364 42,241 27,183 19,112 Loans 72,664 91,267 144,443 210,704 307,816 431,332 475,989 492,413 Real Estate 6,000 5,909 5,211 4,308 3,619 2,194 2,479 2,919 Pawning Advances 20,568 31,374 26,279 22,577 23,934 27,225 35,099 43,943 Dues from Related Parties 4,733 5,296 5,860 7,554 9,643 12,901 13,666 10,964 Loan Loss Provisions and Suspended Interest -15,312 -22,757 -31,765 -37,601 -41,828 -43,634 -51,594 -67,957 Trading Stocks 15,716 14,292 15,065 14,572 12,936 7,662 7,756 13,852 Real Estate 11,330 9,926 8,065 7,006 5,737 2,955 2,985 3,511 Repossessed Items 1,453 2,239 4,768 6,173 4,821 4,126 4,473 9,410 Other 2,933 2,128 2,232 1,392 2,378 582 298 930 Fixed Assets 16,479 19,921 21,888 25,840 28,305 33,326 38,446 43,925 Other Assets 17,855 24,394 33,628 16,585 15,565 20,394 25,878 30,572

Liabilities 474,229 573,435 684,585 814,553 996,127 1,211,891 1,354,991 1,431,332 Capital Account 76,853 93,614 96,584 116,870 123,139 146,107 169,674 183,671 Paid-up Capital 51,592 58,829 58,894 65,899 63,026 64,297 66,554 71,949 Retained Earnings and Reserves 25,262 34,785 37,690 50,971 60,113 81,810 103,120 111,723 Deposits 186,016 254,117 337,297 414,116 480,636 530,740 686,720 716,848 Fixed Deposits 179,268 248,516 328,062 396,468 457,486 507,688 655,670 681,317 Savings Deposits 5,938 4,855 8,563 16,984 22,568 22,184 30,014 34,601 Certificate of Deposits 810 747 672 664 581 869 1,036 929 Borrowings from 171,682 177,284 193,111 217,385 314,295 438,662 396,030 463,817 Financial Institutions 103,100 96,383 94,938 110,835 176,595 276,588 235,890 340,708 Others 68,582 80,900 98,173 106,550 137,700 162,074 160,140 123,109 Other Liabilities 39,678 48,420 57,593 66,181 78,058 96,382 102,567 66,996 No. of Institutions 55 60 58 56 53 53 51 48

(a) Non-Bank Financial Institutions sector represent Licensed Finance Companies and Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka Specialised Leasing Companies. (b) Provisional. 124 banking and financial institutions

Table 11.11 Unit Trusts 2014 – 2018

Item 2014 2015 2016(a) 2017(a) 2018(b)

Total Assets (Rs. bn) 126.5 130.3 104 129 64 Net Asset Value-NAV (Rs. bn) 126 129 103 128 64

Asset Allocation Investments in Equities (Rs. bn) 14 14 14 13 10 Share of Total Net Assets (%) 11 11 14 10 15 Investments in Government Securities (Rs. bn) 56 29 50 23 3

Share of Total Assets (%) 44 23 48 18 4 No. of Unit Trusts 67 74 78 79 75 Types of Funds: No. of Balanced Funds 8 11 11 11 11 No. of Growth Funds 8 8 8 8 8 No. of Index/Sector Funds 4 4 4 4 4 No. of Income Funds 15 16 17 17 16 No. of Gilt Edged Funds 13 15 16 16 14 No. of Money Market Funds 12 13 15 16 15 No. of IPO Funds 2 2 2 2 2 No. of Shariah Funds 4 4 4 4 4 No. of Dollar Bond Funds 1 1 1 1 1 No. of Units in Issue (mn) 9,772 8,812 7,141 7,638 3,368 NAV per unit 13 15 14 17 19 Total No. of Unit Holders 32,619 38,140 41,154 41,037 42,093

(a) Revised Sources : Unit Trust Association of Sri Lanka (b) Provisional Securities and Exchange Commission of Sri Lanka

Table 11.12 Summary of Co-operative Rural Banks and Credit Societies 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Co-operative Rural Banks No. of Banks 1,805 1,935 2,019 1,949 2,080 2,185 2,210 2,227 2,258 2,284 Deposits, Rs. Mn. 103,877 61,984 71,081 63,627 79,355 84,640 87,157 91,810 102,249 124,640 Savings Deposits 63,989 35,262 41,642 33,524 33,816 37,759 40,666 42,500 45,939 51,955 Time Deposits 39,886 26,723 29,440 30,103 45,539 46,881 46,490 49,310 56,311 72,685 Loans Outstanding, Rs. Mn. 67,424 44,398 30,781 51,371 39,520 37,757 45,130 49,770 55,488 72,788 Agriculture & Animal Husbandry ⎫ 2,952 1,162 4,759 2,083 2,344 4,475 2,796 2,690 2,579 ⎬ 4,315 Small Industries ⎭ 2,089 858 1,262 2,858 1,906 2,668 3,098 3,563 3,177 Housing, Electrification & Water ⎫ 15,703 14,462 24,160 14,013 12,983 21,094 24,810 29,370 37,218 ⎬ 43,150 Commerce & Other Projects ⎭ 6,059 2,774 17,607 8,298 7,737 5,854 5,440 6,504 10,782 Other 19,959 17,595 11,525 3,582 12,269 12,786 11,038 13,626 13,362 19,033

Thrift & Credit Co-operative Societies No. of Societies 8,440 8,440 8,424 8,424 8,424 8,424 8,424 8,423 8,423 8,423 Deposits, Rs. Mn. 4,483 4,764 5,311 5,287 5,588 3,883 1,603 4,300 5,820 12,145 Loans Granted, Rs. Mn. 3,093 3,205 3,986 4,175 4,766 4,808 7,060 18,200 15,664 23,256 Agriculture & Animal Husbandry 955 1,037 1,243 1,461 1,561 1,734 1,959 5,049 3,163 3,030 Small Industries 265 273 483 434 476 357 1,047 2,699 2,450 5,109 Housing, Electrification & Water 732 695 915 1,360 1,603 1,460 2,554 6,583 7,073 8,277 Commerce & Other Projects 796 865 673 564 664 734 904 2,331 2,173 5,857 Other 345 335 672 357 462 523 597 1,538 805 983

(a) Provisional Sources : Co-operative Development Department Sanasa Federation 125 transportation

Table 12.1 Road Network 2001 – 2018 Kilometres

Year Class A Class B Class C Class D Expressways Total

2001 4,337 7,571 7,536 5,720 – 25,164 2002 4,339 7,670 7,682 5,763 – 25,454 2003 4,339 7,670 8,136 5,765 – 25,910 2004 4,339 7,679 8,136 5,771 – 25,925 2005 4,314 7,706 8,257 6,074 – 26,351 2006 4,219 7,553 9,565(a) 5,412(a) – 26,750 2007 4,219 7,655 9,575(a) 5,418(a) – 26,867 2008 4,219 7,670 9,552(a) 5,546(a) – 26,988 2009 4,216 7,704 11,231 5,855 – 29,006 2010 4,219 7,800 11,316 5,783 – 29,119 2011 4,219 7,800 11,424 6,356 95 29,895 2012 4,219 7,945 11,304 6,287 95 29,850 2013 4,219 7,949 11,669 6,726 121 30,684 2014 4,215 7,993 11,837 7,193 161 31,398 2015 4,215 7,995 12,497 6,385 170 31,262 2016 4,215 7,995 12,497 6,385 170 31,262 2017 4,215 7,995 12,565(b) 6,190(b) 170 31,135(b) 2018 4,215 8,005 12,565 6,190 170 31,144

(a) Excluding Northern Province. Sources : Road Development Authority (b) Revised. Provincial Road Development Authorities

Table 12.2 Road Kilometerage by Province and District 2018

Province/ Class Class Class Class Express- Province/ Class Class Class Class Express- Total Total District A B C D ways District A B C D ways

Western 374 1,230 1,078 874 98 3,655 Eastern 620 551 848 273 – 2,292 Colombo 166 267 242 162 34 870 Batticaloa 206 61 313 45 – 624 Gampaha 128 622 385 499 35 1,670 Ampara 273 282 319 128 – 1,002 Kalutara 80 341 451 213 29 1,115 Trincomalee 141 209 216 100 – 666

Central 409 1,338 1,666 578 – 3,991 North Western 352 1,003 1,914 831 – 4,101 Kandy 184 563 929 352 – 2,027 Kurunegala 196 638 1,254 488 – 2,576 Matale 105 283 301 177 – 866 Puttalam 156 365 661 344 – 1,525 Nuwara Eliya 120 492 436 49 – 1,097 North Central 492 702 1,227 721 – 3,141 Southern 347 1,154 915 715 71 3,204 Anuradhapura 350 471 741 698 – 2,259 Galle 97 393 387 272 60 1,209 Polonnaruwa 143 230 486 23 – 882 Matara 135 257 288 243 11 935 Hambantota 115 504 240 200 – 1,060 Uva 471 693 1,689 682 – 3,535 Badulla 267 432 1,109 406 – 2,214 Northern 734 525 1,959 161 – 3,379 Moneragala 204 261 580 276 – 1,321 Jaffna ⎫ (a) (a) 544 45 – ⎫ (a) ⎬ 381 277 ⎬ 1,608 Kilinochchi ⎭ 322 39 – ⎭ Sabaragamuwa 416 809 1,268 1,355 – 3,847 Mannar 113 92 309 26 – 540 Kegalle 144 369 575 587 – 1,675 Mullaitivu 113 103 390 17 – 622 Ratnapura 272 440 693 768 – 2,172 Vavuniya 128 54 395 33 – 609

(a) Total of Jaffna and Kilinochchi districts. Sources : Road Development Authority Provincial Road Development Authorities “A” Class – All roads within the network of Trunk Roads connecting the national capital with the provincial capitals and also connecting these capitals with one another. Also included are other major roads (all roads paved and bitumen surfaced with carriage way between 24ft. to 36ft. and platform width 36ft. to 56ft.). “B” Class – Main roads connecting other important towns and also providing important links within the trunk route system (Metalled and bitumen with a small percentage gravelled). “C” Class – Other roads such as agricultural roads and local roads (Single carriage way of 12ft. width and a platform width of 22ft. mostly metalled but with a small percentage gravelled). “D” Class – Gravelled road with 8ft. – 10ft. width surface generally motorable during dry weather only. 126 transportation

Table 12.3 Road Kilometerage by Province

North North Sabara- All Road Class Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Island

Year 2014 Class A 374 409 347 734 620 352 492 471 416 4,215 Class B 1,222 1,338 1,154 525 551 1,003 702 693 804 7,995 Class C 998 1,666 915 1,959 817 1,914 1,211 1,689 1,247 12,497 Class D 954 578 715 161 263 831 736 682 1,544 6,385 Expressways 89 – 71 – – – – – – 170 Total 3,638 3,991 3,204 3,379 2,251 4,101 3,141 3,535 4,011 31,262

Year 2015 Class A 374 409 347 734 620 352 492 471 416 4,215 Class B 1,224 1,338 1,154 525 551 1,003 702 693 804 7,995 Class C 1,078 1,666 915 1,959 817 1,914 1,211 1,689 1,247 12,497 Class D 874 578 715 161 263 831 736 682 1,544 6,385 Expressways 98 – 71 – – – – – – 170 Total 3,649 3,991 3,204 3,379 2,251 4,101 3,141 3,535 4,011 31,262

Year 2016 Class A 374 409 347 734 620 352 492 471 416 4,215 Class B 1,224 1,338 1,154 525 551 1,003 702 693 804 7,995 Class C 1,078 1,666 915 1,959 817 1,914 1,211 1,689 1,247 12,497 Class D 874 578 715 161 263 831 736 682 1,544 6,385 Expressways 98 – 71 – – – – – – 170 Total 3,649 3,991 3,204 3,379 2,251 4,101 3,141 3,535 4,011 31,262

Year 2017 Class A 374 409 347 734 620 352 492 471 416 4,215 Class B 1,224 1,338 1,154 525 551 1,003 702 693 804 7,995 Class C 1,078 1,666 915 1,959 848 1,914 1,227(a) 1,689 1,268(a) 12,565(a) Class D 874 578 715 161 273 831 721(a) 682 1,355(a) 6,190(a) Expressways 98 – 71 – – – – – – 170 Total 3,649 3,991 3,204 3,379 2,292 4,101 3,142(a) 3,535 3,843 31,135

Year 2018 Class A 374 409 347 734 620 352 492 471 416 4,215 Class B 1,230 1,338 1,154 525 551 1,003 702 693 809 8,005 Class C 1,078 1,666 915 1,959 848 1,914 1,227 1,689 1,268 12,565 Class D 874 578 715 161 273 831 721 682 1,355 6,190 Expressways 98 – 71 – – – – – – 170 Total 3,655 3,991 3,204 3,379 2,292 4,101 3,141 3,535 3,847 31,144

(a) Revised. Sources : Road Development Authority Provincial Road Development Authorities

“A” Class – All roads within the network of Trunk Roads connecting the national capital with the provincial capitals and also connecting these capitals with one another. Also included are other major roads (all roads paved and bitumen surfaced with carriage way between 24ft. to 36ft. and platform width 36ft. to 56ft.). “B” Class – Main roads connecting other important towns and also providing important links within the trunk route system (Metalled and bitumen with a small percentage gravelled). “C” Class – Other roads such as agricultural roads and local roads (Single carriage way of 12ft. width and a platform width of 22ft. mostly metalled but with a small percentage gravelled). “D” Class – Gravelled road with 8ft. – 10ft. width surface generally motorable during dry weather only. 127 transportation

Table 12.4 Motor Vehicles by Province(a) Number

North North Sabara- All Vehicle Category Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Island

Year 2016

Omnibuses* 8,562 2,257 1,933 1,010 669 1,883 881 958 1,730 19,883 Private Coaches** 16,454 2,752 3,493 643 604 3,960 951 968 2,495 32,320 Dual Purpose Vehicles 149,444 34,821 38,375 8,074 13,493 50,627 23,828 17,077 21,386 357,125 Private Cars 346,534 52,036 49,259 5,212 10,833 48,371 18,552 15,327 27,796 573,920 Land Vehicles 15,936 3,535 14,810 14,367 20,820 16,031 11,228 9,099 3,023 108,849 Goods Transport Vehicles 96,106 22,816 21,079 3,837 6,672 32,033 12,002 10,390 16,325 221,260 Motor Cycles 732,567 134,928 351,563 168,056 221,113 383,543 211,523 106,352 127,460 2,437,105 Threewheelers 321,866 123,410 132,425 18,283 48,655 102,670 58,977 69,127 103,564 978,977 Others 872 4,179 196 503 57 111 94 784 1,079 7,875 Total 1,688,341 380,734 613,133 219,985 322,916 639,229 338,036 230,082 304,858 4,737,314

Year 2017

Omnibuses* 5,946 1,743 1,980 1,014 654 2,082 828 1,329 1,911 17,487 Private Coaches** 14,173 3,835 5,960 744 686 4,117 1,131 1,175 3,186 35,007 Dual Purpose Vehicles 127,117 37,719 40,599 8,469 14,225 53,882 24,888 17,485 25,523 349,907 Private Cars 266,263 56,549 53,659 5,632 12,125 53,043 20,762 16,646 34,552 519,231 Land Vehicles 10,708 3,936 14,812 14,175 21,551 15,810 11,337 9,504 3,360 105,193 Goods Transport Vehicles 76,789 24,501 24,016 5,771 7,096 34,994 12,315 10,526 18,485 214,493 Motor Cycles 679,349 152,818 367,631 183,024 241,997 409,446 226,577 114,808 155,956 2,531,606 Threewheelers 282,587 130,731 133,894 18,715 50,259 101,710 59,854 69,066 119,632 966,448 Others 374 91 100 145 66 97 47 2,478 95 3,493 Total 1,463,306 411,923 642,651 237,689 348,659 675,181 357,739 243,017 362,700 4,742,865

Year 2018(b)

Omnibuses* 6,424 2,761 6,196 1,030 634 ⎫ 857 1,030 1,803 ⎫ ⎬ 6,460 ⎬ 54,189 Private Coaches** 14,997 3,043 2,018 902 780 ⎭ 1,202 1,180 2,872 ⎭ Dual Purpose Vehicles 130,794 39,947 42,194 10,046 14,988 56,590 25,797 18,669 24,528 363,553 Private Cars 296,888 63,592 60,895 7,160 14,286 60,594 23,293 19,127 36,740 582,575 Land Vehicles 11,179 3,909 14,710 16,050 22,473 15,931 11,417 9,555 2,952 108,176 Goods Transport Vehicles 79,930 24,812 22,997 5,212 7,977 35,761 12,644 11,390 18,329 219,052 Motor Cycles 731,065 168,572 392,793 210,502 262,296 441,671 240,704 122,971 159,188 2,729,762 Threewheelers 286,265 136,270 136,236 21,295 51,208 101,112 59,511 70,022 110,035 971,954 Others 441 207 94 88 157 164 22 205 517 1,895 Total 1,557,983 443,113 678,133 272,285 374,799 718,283 375,447 254,149 356,964 5,031,156

(a) Motor Vehicles with valid revenue licenses. Sources : Divisional Secretariats (b) Provisional. Central Bank of Sri Lanka

* Buses owned by SLTB and private buses with route permits. ** Other private buses and coaches without route permits. 128 transportation

Table 12.5 New Registration of Motor Vehicles 2009 – 2018 Number

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Passenger Transport 179,286 316,022 453,891 325,740 283,138 394,554 610,204 444,931 410,430 443,559 Buses and Coaches 739 2,491 4248 3,095 1,805 3,851 4,140 2,685 3,331 2,957 Private Cars 5,762 23,072 57,886 31,546 28,380 38,780 105,628 45,172 39,182 80,776 Motor Cycles 135,421 204,811 253,331 192,284 169,280 272,885 370,889 340,129 344,380 339,763 Three Wheelers 37,364 85,648 138,426 98,815 83,673 79,038 129,547 56,945 23,537 20,063

Goods Transport 9,697 23,557 48,336 49,663 30,475 25,920 46,598 34,450 28,174 26,302 Lorries 8,016 10,803 12,446 10,445 4,525 3,851 5,356 5,271 8,689 7,055 Dual Purpose Vehicles 1,280 11,712 33,518 37,397 24,603 20,799 39,456 26,887 16,742 16,931 Others 401 1,042 2,372 1,821 1,347 1,270 1,786 2,292 2,743 2,316

Land Vehicles 15,092 19,664 23,194 21,892 13,038 9,082 12,105 13,947 13,049 10,938 Tractors 2,286 4,389 6,649 6,221 3,437 2,003 4,299 5,261 5,309 5,048 Hand Tractors 11,473 12,974 13,424 12,229 7,335 5,067 5,678 5,024 3,512 2,412 Others 1,333 2,301 3,121 3,442 2,266 2,012 2,128 3,662 4,228 3,478

Total 204,075 359,243 525,421 397,295 326,651 429,556 668,907 493,328 451,653 480,799

(a) Provisional Source : Department of Motor Traffic

Table 12.6 SLTB / Regional Bus Companies 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Operational Passenger Journeys, Mn. 918 669 671 915 892 924 1,019 1,064 1,009(b) 989 Time Table Requirement (T.T.R.) (Average), No. 7,134 7,129 7,131 7,176 7,176 7,226 7,235 7,257 7,257 7,257 Buses Operated (Average Daily), No. 4,482 4,441 4,365 4,314 4,373 4,596 5,284 5,342 5,274 5,242 Operated Kilometres, Mn. 332 341 341 338 344 371 440 452 448 446

Passenger Kilometres(c)(d), Mn. 11,233 11,815 11,907 11,909 12,201 12,717 15,210 16,101 15,810(b) 15,510

Seat Kilometres(e), Mn. 15,780 16,576 17,012 17,007 17,317 18,258 21,911 22,642 22,527(b) 23,191

Average Passenger Journey, km. 17.1 17.1 17.7 18.7 18.7 18.7 19.8 20.0 20.9(b) 21.6

Load Factor(f), % 96.0 71.3 70.0 70.0 70.5 69.7 69.4 71.1 69.8 66.9

Average Capacity of Vehicles Operated, No. 52 49 48 52 52 52 52 52 53 54

Average Vehicle Utilization(g), km. Operated 199 204 214 214 215 217 228 232 229 230

Revenue, Rs. Mn. 21,528 21,560 21,018 26,117 30,189 33,665 35,825 40,928 42,163 44,103 of which : Way Bill Collection 13,442 14,658 15,176 18,209 19,430 21,956 24,249 26,017 27,172 29,169 Sales of Season Tickets 536 542 553 654 684 741 741 833 904 1,048

(a) Provisional (e) Operated Kilometres × Average Capacity. Source : Sri Lanka Transport Board (b) Revised (f) Passenger Kilometres 100 (c) Total Revenue / Average Fare per Kilometre. × Seat Kilometres (d) Data from 2009 has been revised due to a change in the (g) Per Bus per Day. data source from National Transport Commission to Sri Lanka Transport Board. 129 transportation

Table 12.7 Sri Lanka Railways 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Rolling Stock, No.

Locomotives(a) Broad Gauge 187 191 68(b) 125(c) 137(c) 247(c) 72(b) 74(b) 74 84 Dual Gauge (KV-Line) – – – – – 5 – – – – Passenger Coaches Broad Gauge 800 800 560 560 740 950 565(b) 565(b) 665 825 Dual Gauge (KV-Line) – – – – – 18 – – – – Goods Wagons Broad Gauge 1,200 1,200 1,090 1,090 800 755 862 850 860 787 Dual Gauge (KV-Line) – – – – – 12 – – – –

Route, km. Broad Gauge 1,150 1,153 1,448 1,448 1,448 1,449 1,449 1,461 1,461 1,574 Dual Gauge (KV-Line) – – – – – – – – – –

Main Stations, No. Broad Gauge 172 172 183 183 174 168 174 174 179 179 Dual Gauge (KV-Line) – – – – – – – – – –

Sub Stations, No. Broad Gauge 162 162 160 160 164 194 162 162 161 163 Dual Gauge (KV-Line) – – – – – – – – – –

Passenger Journeys, Mn. Ordinary Ticket Passengers(d) 54 52 49 62 57 67 73 69 67 67 Season Ticket Passengers 48 49 47 44 61 62 68 67 69 71

(e) Passenger Kilometres , Mn. Ordinary Ticket Passengers 2,964 2,814 2,912 3,340 4,235 4,693 5,077 5,143 5,141 5,314 Season Ticket Passengers(f) 1,604 1,539 1,663 1,699 2,023 2,149 2,281 2,271 2,354 2,395

Revenue from Passenger Traffic, Rs. Mn. Ordinary Ticket Passengers 2,490 2,363 2,445 2,806 3,557 3,942 4,164 4,308 4,261 5,001 Season Ticket Passengers 777 749 794 793 930 1,009 1,011 1,058 1,075 933

Coaching Train Kilometre, Mn. km. 9.5 9.8 10.0 10.6 10.9 11.1 – 11.1 10.7 10.8

Goods Hauled, Mn. Tons 1.6 2.7 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.8

Ton Kilometreage of Goods Hauled(g), Mn. 113 163 154 143 133 130 130 140 145 120

Receipts from Goods Traffic, Rs. Mn. 337 420 430 447 413 387 384 409 504(h) 450

Goods Train Kilometres, Mn. km. 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 – 0.4 0.5 0.5

Gross Receipts, Rs. Mn. 4,020 4,018 4,235 4,852 5,423 5,909 6,335 6,463 6,477 7,413

Working Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 8,788 7,191 8,295 8,648 10,586 16,943 14,049 13,396 14,081 14,381

Personnel Strength, No. 15,273 15,488 15,480 13,499 12,883 12,443 14,452 14,460 16,617 16,433

(a) Locomotives include all engines, steam and diesel and power sets and rail cars. Source : Sri Lanka Railways (b) Available Locomotives. (c) Maintainable Stock. (d) Number of journeys taken by passengers holding ordinary tickets (or number of ordinary ticket holders). (e) Number of passengers travelled × distance travelled. (f) Number of season ticket holders multiplied by 40 (assuming that a season ticket holder usually takes 40 numbers of journey for a month). (g) Number of tons hauled × distance hauled. (h) Revised. 130 transportation

Table 12.8 Aviation : SriLankan Airlines 2010 – 2018

Item 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Scheduled Services Kilometres Flown, ’000 40,451 52,757 66,559 67,174 70,450 77,125 67,393 74,979 85,327 Hours Flown 62,003 74,886 93,922 95,238 97,319 96,494 96,221 107,673 121,273 Passengers Carried, No. 2,807,889 3,261,341 4,164,234 4,232,343 4,240,195 4,332,411 4,491,709 5,342,456 5,824,973 Freight Tons Carried, No. 83,147 87,919 97,829 99,190 97,563 101,429 102,734 127,235 128,070 Passenger Kilometres Flown, ’000 9,399,619 10,676,945 12,790,217 12,987,511 12,719,412 12,747,024 12,854,710 13,983,801 16,007,327 Available Seat Kilometres Flown, ’000 12,076,114 13,733,446 15,871,522 15,854,641 15,965,221 15,843,430 15,952,239 17,096,075 19,364,006 Passenger Load Factor, % 77.8 77.7 80.6 81.9 79.7 80.5 80.6 81.8 82.7 Total Tonne Kilometres Performed, ’000 1,472,746 1,287,385 1,493,190 1,511,496 1,473,534 1,478,424 1,522,284 1,617,816 1,834,935 Passengers (Including Excess Baggage) 1,154,213 943,146 1,118,415 1,143,095 1,108,076 1,129,192 1,137,299 1,232,998 1,422,964 Freight & Mail 318,533 344,239 374,775 368,400 365,458 349,232 384,985 384,818 411,971 Available Tonne Kilometres, ’000 1,716,252 1,917,296 2,175,677 2,191,103 2,200,320 2,176,147 2,206,539 2,363,781 2,646,337 Weight Load Factor, % 55 55 53 52 51 68 69 68 69 Employment, No. 4,969 5,487 6,159 6,548 6,903 7,020 6,959 7,044(b) 6,846

(a) Provisional Source : SriLankan Airlines (b) Revised Table 12.9 Port Services 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Vessels Arrived 4,456 4,067 4,332 4,134 3,976 4,264 4,728 4,998 4,879 4,874 Colombo 4,114 3,910 4,124 3,870 3,667 3,742 4,197 4,405 4,329 4,331 Galle 32 48 73 69 36 60 72 96 87 84 Trincomalee 310 109 126 161 134 127 164 216 233 189 Hambantota – – 9 34 139 335 295 281 230 270 Cargo Discharged, MT ’000 29,284 36,585 39,448 39,806 40,019 44,870 46,654 51,799 55,942 61,298 Colombo 27,214 34,307 36,642 36,721 37,453 41,540 43,271 47,982 51,955 57,274 Galle 166 318 464 422 200 394 540 771 712 729 Trincomalee 1,904 1,960 2,337 2,646 2,276 2,621 2,649 2,825 3,120 2,951 Hambantota – – 5 17 90 316 195 220 156 344 Cargo Loaded, MT ’000 19,494 24,655 25,620 25,165 26,224 29,540 30,925 34,720 37,915 43,636 Colombo 19,159 24,461 25,373 24,949 26,029 29,254 30,447 33,896 37,079 42,877 Galle 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.0 6.7 0.4 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 Trincomalee 334 194 237 213 159 127 379 689 778 609 Hambantota – – 10 3 29 158 98 135 58 150 Total Cargo Handled (Port of Colombo), MT ’000 46,373 58,768 62,016 61,670 63,482 70,794 73,718 81,879 89,035 100,152 Containerised 39,601 51,426 54,109 53,504 56,195 63,329 65,682 73,682 79,825 90,016 Break Bulk 649 627 722 618 364 601 1,113 879 843 692 Dry Bulk 2,097 2,556 2,620 2,709 2,657 2,444 2,344 2,572 2,501 2,825 Liquid Bulk 4,026 4,159 4,565 4,839 4,265 4,420 4,579 4,746 5,865 6,618 Container Throughput (Port of Colombo), TEUs 3,464,297 4,137,441 4,262,887 4,187,120 4,306,206 4,907,915 5,185,467 5,734,923 6,209,068 7,047,486 Domestic 751,992 932,244 1,046,886 1,020,255 1,031,977 1,126,985 1,217,971 1,299,850 1,383,551 1,343,249 Transhipment 2,633,055 3,095,589 3,123,828 3,064,767 3,208,117 3,699,710 3,888,321 4,355,261 4,741,582 5,602,358 Re-Stowing 79,250 109,608 92,173 102,098 66,112 81,220 79,175 79,812 83,935 101,879 Revenue, Rs. Mn. 23,331 28,280 31,086 38,098 37,232 37,492 40,805 44,080 45,740 52,283 Colombo 22,816 27,724 30,347 36,943 35,804 35,159 37,214 39,913 41,456 49,606 Galle 178 277 441 597 478 696 915 1,239 1,388 1,623 Trincomalee 337 279 285 423 366 400 530 886 1,120 1,054 Hambantota – – 13 135 585 1,237 2,145 2,042 1,776 n.a. Employees 13,367 12,828 11,008 10,200 9,886 9,598 9,550 9,651 9,377 10,210 Colombo 12,263 11,681 10,059 9,325 9,014 8,747 8,725 8,856 8,588 8,910 Galle 513 500 433 391 378 373 355 348 351 862 Trincomalee 591 598 466 436 426 419 417 402 401 400 Hambantota – 49 50 48 68 59 53 45 37 38

(a) Provisional Source : Sri Lanka Ports Authority TEUs – Twenty Equivalent Units 131 transportation

Table 12.10 Selected Public Transport Indicators by Province

North North Sabara- All Road Class Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Island

Sri Lanka Railways Operated Kilometers, Mn. 2015 7.1 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 11.3 2016 6.9 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 11.5 2017 6.9 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 11.2 2018(a) 7.2 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.4 11.6 Passenger Kilometers, Mn. 2015 4,732.2 411.2 342.8 686.9 274.4 342.8 274.4 136.8 205.9 7,407.4 2016 4,502.7 459.3 371.1 743.7 297.0 371.1 297.0 148.2 223.0 7,413.1 2017 4,668.4 464.4 394.2 521.2 341.9 408.4 309.7 157.0 229.9 7,495.1 2018(a) 4,802.0 477.6 405.5 536.1 351.7 420.1 318.6 161.5 236.5 7,709.5 Freight Tonne Kilometers, Mn. 2015 33.0 6.0 6.8 0.1 17.7 52.7 10.1 2.4 1.2 130.0 2016 35.5 6.4 7.3 0.1 19.1 56.7 10.9 2.6 1.3 139.9 2017 36.8 6.7 7.5 0.1 19.7 58.7 11.3 2.7 1.3 144.8 2018(a) 31.1 5.5 6.2 0.1 16.3 48.6 9.3 2.2 1.1 119.8

Private Bus Services Total Fleet 2015 6,019 2,113 1,338 1,153 560 1,470 672 1,074 2,104 19,617* 2016 5,851 2,377 1,324 1,079 634 1,505 693 1,032 1,827 19,614* 2017 6,159 2,421 1,323 1,112 637 1,520 759 1,166 1,715 19,998* 2018(a) 6,172 2,483 1,325 1,021 642 1,543 759 1,206 1,729 20,030* Buses Operated 2015 4,802 2,012 1,240 997 416 1,258 609 810 1,700 16,950* 2016 4,302 2,367 1,191 901 501 1,470 625 785 1,772 17,131* 2017 4,154 2,410 1,280 965 493 1,478 626 825 1,715 16,972* 2018(a) 5,854 2,481 1,281 925 540 1,482 626 1,144 1,729 19,055* Seating Capacity 2015 201,684 84,504 52,080 41,874 17,472 52,836 25,578 34,020 71,400 749,172* 2016 180,684 99,414 50,022 37,842 21,042 61,740 26,250 32,970 74,424 758,106* 2017 174,468 101,220 53,760 40,530 20,706 62,076 26,292 34,650 72,030 749,136* 2018(a) 245,868 104,202 53,802 38,850 22,680 62,244 26,292 48,048 72,618 836,226* Operated Kilometers, Mn. 2015 238.4 99.9 61.6 49.5 20.7 62.4 30.2 40.2 84.4 1,012.6* 2016 214.1 117.8 59.2 44.8 24.9 73.1 31.1 39.1 88.2 1,030.2* 2017 206.2 119.6 63.5 47.9 24.4 73.3 31.0 40.9 85.1 1,008.8* 2018(a) 290.5 123.1 63.5 45.9 26.8 73.6 31.0 56.7 85.8 1,110.4* Passenger Kilometers, Mn. 2015 11,012.8 4,614.3 2,843.8 2,286.5 954.0 2,885.1 1,396.7 1,857.6 3,898.8 47,552.4* 2016 9,893.1 5,443.3 2,738.9 2,072.0 1,152.1 3,380.5 1,437.3 1,805.2 4,074.9 49,544.5* 2017 9,256.7 5,527.0 2,935.5 2,213.1 1,130.6 3,389.6 1,435.6 1,892.0 3,933.1 50,542.4* 2018(a) 13,425.4 5,689.8 2,937.8 2,121.4 1,238.4 3,398.8 1,435.6 2,623.6 3,965.2 55,459.8*

SLCTB / Regional Bus Companies(b) Buses Operated 2015 1,416 789 493 241 308 587 421 573 612 5,440 2016 1,335 793 486 245 301 581 424 568 603 5,336 2017 1,276 789 480 236 295 588 420 578 604 5,266 2018(a) 1,266 764 470 242 291 584 426 601 591 5,235 Passenger Kilometers. Mn. 2015 3,677.0 2,143.4 1,598.5 824.1 1,166.1 1,663.0 1,330.4 1,470.7 1,337.3 15,210.3 2016 3,469.9 2,127.3 1,498.9 861.4 1,170.0 1,772.1 1,313.5 1,560.1 1,455.3 15,228.4 2017 3,465.6 2,241.3 1,624.8 919.8 1,272.8 1,826.5 1,455.9 1,679.9 1,215.3 15,701.8 2018(a) 3,320.7 2,234.3 1,566.1 911.6 1,250.0 1,849.8 1,490.6 1,587.2 1,299.7 15,510.0 Operated Kilometers, Mn. 2015 109.7 54.6 45.4 23.3 30.3 50.4 38.5 45.4 40.3 437.8 2016(c) 109.8 56.1 46.1 25.8 32.1 51.6 40.6 48.4 41.2 451.6 2017(c) 90.7 48.5 38.1 21.7 26.7 45.5 34.8 40.9 35.1 382.1 2018(a) 105.0 55.6 44.6 25.8 31.9 52.8 40.9 49.1 40.6 446.4

(a) Provisional Sources : National Transport Commission (b) Buses under SLTTS (Sri Lanka Tourist Transport Service), Sri Lanka Transport Board are included in Western Province from 2014 onwards. Sri Lanka Railways (c) Revised * These figures include the data related to the permits issued by the National Transport Commission as well. 132 Socio-economic services

Table 13.1 National Level Findings of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) by Survey Period – Sri Lanka

HIES Survey Period Variable Unit 1985/86 1990/91 1995/96 2002 2005 2006/07 2009/10 2012/13 2016

Mean household income per month Rs. 2,012 3,549 6,476 12,803 20,048 26,286 36,451 45,878 62,237

Median household income per month Rs. 1,322 2,547 3,793 8,482 13,617 16,735 23,746 30,814 43,511

Mean per capita income per month Rs. 395 724 1,439 3,056 4,896 6,463 9,104 11,819 16,377

Income receivers mean income per month Rs. 941 1,819 3,367 6,959 10,563 14,457 20,427 25,963 33,894

No. of income receivers per household No. 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

Household size No. 5.1 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8

Monetary income per month per household Rs. 1,334 2,963 5,264 10,386 17,089 22,616 31,209 39,300 52,979

Non-Monetary income per month per household Rs. 678 586 1,212 2,419 2,959 3,670 5,242 6,578 9,257

Gini coefficient of household income 0.46 0.43 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.49 0.49 0.48 0.45

Gini coefficient of household expenditure – – 0.36 0.41 0.40 0.41 0.37 0.40 0.41

Gini coefficient of income receivers income – 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.53 0.51

Mean household expenditure per month Rs. 2,079 3,905 6,525 13,147 19,151 22,952 31,331 41,444 54,999

Expenditure on food and drink Rs. 1,198 2,377 3,552 5,848 7,593 8,641 13,267 15,651 19,114

Expenditure on non food items (excluding liquor, narcotic drugs and tobacco) Rs. 802 1,384 2,753 6,993 11,079 13,819 17,399 25,088 34,829

Expenditure on liquor, narcotic drugs and tobacco Rs. 79 144 219 306 479 492 665 705 1,056

Food Ratio (as a percentage) % 57.6 60.9 54.4 44.5 39.6 37.6 42.3 37.8 34.8

Poverty Head Count Ratio % – 26.1 28.8 22.7 – 15.2 8.9 6.7 4.1

Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey Series, Department of Census and Statistics

Total Income & Food Ratio (Food and Drink /Household Expenditure)

70,000 70

60,000 60

50,000 50

40,000 40

30,000 30 Food Ratio (%)

Total Income (Rs.) Total 20,000 20

10,000 10

0 0 1985/86 1990/91 1995/96 2002 2005 2006/07 2009/10 2012/13 2016

Total Income per Month per Houseold Food Ratio 133 Socio-economic services

Table 13.2 Average Monthly Household Expenditure on Selected Food/Non-Food Items by HIES Survey Period – Sri Lanka

HIES Survey Period Expenditure Group 1985/86 1990/91 1995/96 2002 2005 2006/07 2009/10 2012/13 2016

Average Monthly Expenditure (Rs.) Food Expenditure Rice 306 610 752 1,052 1,051 1,197 2,298 2,134 2,452 Wheat Flour 31 35 39 72 94 97 189 210 185 Bread 64 107 158 254 273 303 426 462 464 Condiments 119 252 353 532 687 803 1,209 1,416 1,881 Pulses 44 115 130 185 259 304 547 552 693 Vegetables 120 235 296 464 617 727 1,006 1,279 1,530 Coconuts 71 130 244 426 429 473 738 962 1,096 Meat 31 80 156 188 337 366 517 669 918 Fish 71 137 233 371 647 744 1,163 1,430 1,820 Dried Fish 48 101 162 219 290 348 492 656 773 Milk & Milk Products 52 122 254 489 748 754 1,038 1,389 1,562 Eggs 11 27 39 47 78 85 134 160 205 Fruit 15 32 62 212 296 294 386 461 612 Sugar 76 155 184 193 248 315 452 459 418 Other Food & Drinks 151 239 490 1,144 1,539 1,831 2,672 3,412 4,505 Total 1,198 2,383 3,552 5,848 7,593 8,641 13,267 15,651 19,114

Non-Food Expenditure Housing 148 340 825 1,661 2,054 2,639 3,446 4,667 6,873 Fuel and Light 104 180 294 552 811 1,042 1,278 1,755 1,757 Clothing and Textile and Foot-Wear 95 159 282 388 588 694 903 1,194 1,581 Personal Care and Health 80 148 309 581 1,106 980 1,429 2,181 2,529 Transport and Communication 105 192 382 929 1,733 2,401 3,072 4,315 5,548 Education 29 66 128 315 473 632 1,018 1,448 2,066 Cultural and Entertainment – 33 69 149 255 260 402 515 908 Non-Durable Household Goods – 59 87 142 315 301 264 318 362 Consumer Durables 39 53 121 318 713 786 780 1,018 2,261 Other Non-Consumer Expenditure 202 153 256 1,957 3,033 4,083 4,807 7,678 10,945 Liquor and Tobacco 79 144 219 306 479 492 665 705 1,056 Total 881 1,528 2,972 7,299 11,558 14,311 18,064 25,793 35,886

Average Monthly Expenditure (% share) Food Expenditure Rice 25.3(a) 25.7(a) 21.2 18.0 13.8 13.9 17.3 13.6 12.8 Wheat Flour 2.6(a) 1.5(a) 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.0 Bread 5.3(a) 4.5(a) 4.4 4.3 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.4 Condiments 9.8(a) 10.6(a) 9.9 9.1 9.0 9.3 9.1 9.0 9.8 Pulses 3.6(a) 4.8(a) 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.5 4.1 3.5 3.6 Vegetables 9.9(a) 9.9(a) 8.3 7.9 8.1 8.4 7.6 8.2 8.0 Coconuts 5.9(a) 5.5(a) 6.9 7.3 5.6 5.5 5.6 6.1 5.7 Meat 2.6(a) 3.4(a) 4.4 3.2 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.8 Fish 5.9(a) 5.8(a) 6.6 6.3 8.5 8.6 8.8 9.1 9.5 Dried Fish 4.0(a) 4.2(a) 4.6 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.7 4.2 4.0 Milk & Milk Products 4.3(a) 5.1(a) 7.1 8.4 9.9 8.7 7.8 8.9 8.2 Eggs 0.9(a) 1.1(a) 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 Fruit 1.2(a) 1.3(a) 1.7 3.6 3.9 3.4 2.9 2.9 3.2 Sugar 6.3(a) 6.5(a) 5.2 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.4 2.9 2.2 Other Food & Drinks 12.5(a) 10.1(a) 13.8 19.6 20.3 21.2 20.1 21.8 23.6 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Non-Food Expenditure Housing 16.8(a) 22.3 27.8 22.8 17.8 18.4 19.1 18.1 19.2 Fuel and Light 11.8(a) 11.8 9.9 7.6 7.0 7.3 7.1 6.8 4.9 Clothing and Textile and Foot-Wear 10.8(a) 10.4 9.5 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.6 4.4 Personal Care and Health 9.1(a) 9.7 10.4 8.0 9.6 6.9 7.9 8.5 7.0 Transport and Communication 11.9(a) 12.6 12.9 12.7 15.0 16.8 17.0 16.7 15.5 Education 3.3(a) 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.4 5.6 5.6 5.8 Cultural and Entertainment – 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.5 Non-Durable Household Goods – 3.9 2.9 1.9 2.7 2.1 1.5 1.2 1.0 Consumer Durables 4.4(a) 3.5 4.1 4.4 6.2 5.5 4.3 3.9 6.3 Other Non-Consumer Expenditure 22.9(a) 10.0 8.6 26.8 26.2 28.5 26.6 29.8 30.5 Liquor and Tobacco 9.0(a) 9.4 7.4 4.2 4.1 3.4 3.7 2.7 2.9 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

(a) Revised Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey Series, Department of Census and Statistics 134 Socio-economic services

Table 13.3 Poverty Indicators by Sector, Province and District

Poverty Head Count Index (Percentage) Poor Household Percentage Poverty Gap Index (%) Sector / Province / by HIES Survey Period District 1995/96 2002 2006/07 2009/10 2012/13 2016 2009/10 2012/13 2016 2009/10 2012/13 2016

Sri Lanka 28.8 22.7 15.2 8.9 6.7 4.1 7.0 5.3 3.1 1.7 1.2 0.6

Sector Urban 14.0 7.9 6.7 5.3 2.1 1.9 3.8 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.3 0.3 Rural 30.9 24.7 15.7 9.4 7.6 4.3 7.5 6.0 3.3 1.8 1.4 0.6 Estate 38.4 30.0 32.0 11.4 10.9 8.8 8.9 8.8 6.8 2.1 1.6 1.2

Province Western 16.3 10.8 8.2 4.2 2.0 1.7 3.0 1.5 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 Central 36.2 25.1 22.3 9.7 6.6 5.4 8.2 5.1 4.1 1.8 1.0 0.9 Southern 32.6 27.8 13.8 9.8 7.7 3.0 7.5 6.3 2.3 1.8 1.4 0.4 Northern n.a. n.a. n.a. 12.8 10.9 7.7 10.0 8.8 6.3 2.1 2.3 1.1 Eastern n.a. n.a. 10.8 14.8 11.0 7.3 12.4 8.0 5.3 3.2 2.1 1.2 North Western 27.7 27.3 14.6 11.3 6.0 2.7 8.2 4.5 2.1 2.4 1.1 0.4 North Central 24.7 21.5 14.2 5.7 7.3 3.3 4.6 6.1 2.4 1.0 1.0 0.5 Uva 46.7 37.2 27.0 13.7 15.4 6.5 12.0 13.5 5.4 2.4 2.6 0.7 Sabaragamuwa 41.7 33.6 24.2 10.6 8.8 6.7 8.7 6.6 5.1 2.1 1.5 1.1

District Colombo 12.0 6.4 5.4 3.6 1.4 0.9 2.5 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.2 Gampaha 14.1 10.7 8.7 3.9 2.1 2.0 3.0 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.3 Kalutara 29.5 20.0 13.0 6.0 3.1 2.9 4.1 2.5 2.3 1.3 0.5 0.4 Kandy 36.7 24.9 17.0 10.3 6.2 5.5 8.3 4.6 4.2 2.2 1.0 1.0 Matale 41.9 29.6 18.9 11.4 7.8 3.9 9.3 6.0 3.2 2.0 1.1 0.6 Nuwara Eliya 32.1 22.6 33.8 7.6 6.6 6.3 7.1 5.6 4.6 1.0 1.0 0.8 Galle 31.6 25.8 13.7 10.3 9.9 2.9 7.9 7.7 2.0 2.1 1.8 0.4 Matara 35.0 27.5 14.7 11.2 7.1 4.4 8.3 6.2 3.7 1.7 1.2 0.5 Hambantota 31.0 32.2 12.7 6.9 4.9 1.2 5.4 3.8 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.1 Jaffna n.a. n.a. n.a. 16.1 8.3 7.7 12.4 6.6 6.0 2.6 1.7 0.9 Mannar n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 20.1 1.0 n.a. 15.0 0.9 n.a. 4.6 0.1 Vavuniya n.a. n.a. n.a. 2.3 3.4 2.0 2.0 2.4 1.5 0.3 0.5 0.2 Mullaitivu n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 28.8 12.7 n.a. 24.7 11.2 n.a. 6.2 2.1 Kilinochchi n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 12.7 18.2 n.a. 10.7 15.0 n.a. 2.4 3.4 Batticaloa n.a. n.a. 10.7 20.3 19.4 11.3 17.0 14.3 8.1 5.1 4.5 1.8 Ampara n.a. n.a. 10.9 11.8 5.4 2.6 10.0 4.1 2.1 2.3 0.6 0.4 Trincomalee n.a. n.a. n.a. 11.7 9.0 10.0 9.0 6.2 6.8 1.8 1.4 1.8 Kurunegala 26.2 25.4 15.4 11.7 6.5 2.9 8.6 5.0 2.3 2.6 1.3 0.4 Puttalam 31.1 31.3 13.1 10.5 5.1 2.1 7.5 3.3 1.6 2.0 0.9 0.3 Anuradhapura 27.0 20.4 14.9 5.7 7.6 3.8 4.6 6.3 2.7 1.0 1.1 0.5 Polonnaruwa 20.1 23.7 12.7 5.8 6.7 2.2 4.5 5.6 1.7 1.0 0.9 0.5 Badulla 41.0 37.3 23.7 13.3 12.3 6.8 10.9 10.4 5.9 2.2 1.8 0.7 Moneragala 56.2 37.2 33.2 14.5 20.8 5.8 13.9 18.8 4.4 2.8 4.2 0.7 Ratnapura 46.4 34.4 26.6 10.4 10.4 6.5 8.5 7.5 4.8 2.4 1.8 1.1 Kegalle 36.3 32.5 21.1 10.8 6.7 7.1 9.0 5.4 5.4 1.7 1.1 1.1

n.a. – Not available Source : Department of Census and Statistics 135 Socio-economic services

Table 13.4 Daily Average Dietary Energy Consumption per Person by Poverty Status, Sector, Province and District 2012/13 and 2016 Kilo Calories

2012 / 13 2016 Sector / Province / District Poor Non-Poor All Poor Non-Poor All Households Households Households Households Households Households

Sri Lanka 1,530 2,153 2,111 1,445 2,123 2,095

Sector Urban 1,243 1,915 1,901 1,222 1,947 1,933 Rural 1,539 2,197 2,147 1,454 2,152 2,122 Estate 1,646 2,388 2,307 1,550 2,322 2,254

Province Western 1,176 1,975 1,958 1,195 1,967 1,954 Central 1,523 2,246 2,198 1,471 2,167 2,129 Southern 1,443 2,214 2,155 1,379 2,141 2,118 Northern 1,545 2,219 2,146 1,624 2,225 2,179 Eastern 1,453 2,152 2,075 1,423 2,099 2,050 North Western 1,501 2,197 2,155 1,386 2,164 2,143 North Central 1,553 2,254 2,203 1,429 2,275 2,247 Uva 1,783 2,404 2,308 1,703 2,360 2,318 Sabaragamuwa 1,675 2,209 2,162 1,420 2,178 2,127

District Colombo 1,077 1,875 1,863 1,170 1,955 1,948 Gampaha 1,240 2,034 2,018 1,138 1,977 1,961 Kalutara 1,178 2,050 2,023 1,283 1,971 1,951 Kandy 1,431 2,131 2,088 1,430 2,068 2,033 Matale 1,553 2,331 2,270 1,379 2,141 2,111 Nuwara Eliya 1,664 2,407 2,358 1,578 2,373 2,323 Galle 1,383 2,108 2,036 1,281 2,028 2,007 Matara 1,568 2,229 2,182 1,444 2,125 2,094 Hambantota 1,406 2,373 2,326 1,463 2,353 2,343 Jaffna 1,592 2,257 2,202 1,743 2,199 2,164 Mannar 1,281 1,961 1,825 1,670 2,235 2,230 Vavuniya 1,486 2,201 2,177 1,666 2,328 2,315 Mullaitivu 1,584 2,115 1,962 1,514 2,262 2,167 Kilinochchi 1,699 2,314 2,236 1,419 2,151 2,018 Batticaloa 1,386 2,091 1,954 1,504 2,066 2,002 Ampara 1,546 2,193 2,158 1,378 2,161 2,141 Trincomalee 1,558 2,155 2,101 1,319 2,030 1,959 Kurunegala 1,530 2,184 2,142 1,374 2,203 2,179 Puttalam 1,425 2,224 2,183 1,418 2,083 2,069 Anuradhapura 1,539 2,225 2,172 1,400 2,279 2,245 Polonnaruwa 1,587 2,315 2,266 1,536 2,266 2,250 Badulla 1,894 2,425 2,359 1,688 2,373 2,326 Moneragala 1,664 2,361 2,216 1,735 2,337 2,302 Ratnapura 1,761 2,289 2,234 1,449 2,243 2,192 Kegalle 1,500 2,109 2,069 1,386 2,091 2,041

Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2012/13 and 2016 Department of Census and Statistics 136 Socio-economic services

Table 13.5(A) Housing Conditions and Ownership of Durable Goods by Sector 2009/10, 2012/13 and 2016 Per cent

2009 / 10(a) 2012 / 13 2016

Item All All All Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate Island Island Island

Wall Type(b) Permanent 94.1 91.5 89.1 91.7 96.0 92.8 95.0 93.5 97.30 95.1 96.2 95.5 Semi Permanent 5.9 8.5 10.9 8.3 4.0 7.2 5.0 6.5 2.7 4.9 3.8 4.5 Floor Type(c) Permanent 97.1 87.6 83.1 88.7 98.4 91.6 84.9 92.4 98.9 95.2 89.1 95.6 Semi Permanent 2.9 12.4 16.9 11.3 1.6 8.4 15.1 7.6 1.1 4.8 10.9 4.4 Roof Type(d) Permanent 91.1 88.9 23.0 86.0 95.5 91.5 32.3 89.6 96.1 94.2 33.0 91.9 Semi Permanent 8.9 11.1 77.0 14.0 4.5 8.5 67.7 10.4 3.9 5.8 67.0 8.1 Main Source of Drinking Water Safe 97.4 87.6 60.3 87.7 98.8 90.0 46.3 89.7 97.8 89.3 44.7 88.8 Not Safe 2.6 12.4 39.7 12.3 1.2 10.0 53.7 10.3 2.2 10.7 55.3 11.2 Toilet Facilities Exclusive for the Household 86.4 90.9 74.0 89.5 90.0 90.7 76.2 89.9 91.9 92.4 77.3 91.7 Sharing with another Household 7.1 6.2 13.1 6.6 7.3 7.8 21.1 8.4 6.6 7.0 19.8 7.5 Public Toilet Facilities 5.1 0.4 7.2 1.4 2.7 0.2 2.1 0.7 1.6 0.1 2.6 0.4 No Toilet Facilities 1.3 2.5 5.6 2.5 0.0 1.2 0.7 0.9 – 0.5 0.4 0.4 Lighting Electricity 95.6 84.1 76.9 85.3 98.0 88.8 83.0 90.2 98.9 96.7 92.7 96.9 Kerosene 4.4 13.7 22.5 12.8 1.8 10.2 16.5 9.0 0.8 3.0 7.1 2.8 Solar Energy 0.0 2.2 0.7 1.8 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 Other – – – – 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 … – … Cooking Fuel Firewood 39.2 86.7 97.3 80.5 36.7 86.7 95.7 78.5 25.1 76.8 85.8 68.6 Gas 48.0 11.3 1.5 16.0 54.7 11.4 2.4 18.5 68.6 21.7 12.9 29.1 Kerosene 11.4 1.1 0.6 2.5 6.5 1.0 1.1 1.9 4.5 0.6 0.9 1.2 Other 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.9 2.2 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.8 1.0 0.4 1.1 Garbage Disposal Collected by Local Authorities 67.1 7.2 1.3 15.3 74.8 9.4 4.4 20.4 79.9 10.1 2.1 21.4 Buried / Burned 21.1 62.5 31.3 55.2 16.1 47.7 29.9 41.5 13.8 50.7 36.4 43.9 Process for Fertilizer 1.9 7.5 4.7 6.6 2.0 6.5 3.2 5.6 1.2 4.4 2.6 3.8 Dumped within premises 2.5 18.3 15.2 16.0 5.9 35.1 43.6 30.5 4.4 33.9 37.3 29.1 Thrown away outside premises 6.4 4.0 46.2 6.3 0.4 0.5 7.5 0.8 0.3 0.4 7.5 0.7 Other 1.1 0.5 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.8 11.3 1.2 0.4 0.6 14.1 1.1 Telecommunication Facilities Fixed Telephone Lines only 10.6 17.7 25.1 17.0 4.5 6.3 15.4 6.4 3.0 3.1 7.7 3.3 Mobile only 32.5 29.7 22.2 29.8 46.0 52.7 37.4 50.9 56.8 63.4 53.3 61.9 Fixed and Mobile Connections 41.7 29.3 13.8 30.3 42.6 28.0 22.6 30.3 35.5 24.6 22.4 26.3 No Telephone Facilities 15.2 23.3 38.9 22.9 6.8 13.0 24.7 12.5 4.8 8.9 16.6 8.5 Household Equipments Radio / Cassette Players 76.5 75.6 69.4 75.4 73.7 71.2 65.7 71.4 61.7 64.0 54.9 63.2 Televisions 86.9 79.3 70.5 80.0 90.4 81.6 73.3 82.7 88.9 86.1 81.2 86.3 VCD / DVD Players 48.7 33.5 39.8 35.9 53.4 40.7 46.4 43.1 40.7 35.5 45.1 36.8 Personal Computers 23.6 11.2 2.2 12.5 34.5 15.9 3.8 18.5 34.0 18.2 5.4 20.3 Not using any of these 7.4 10.1 17.4 10.1 4.9 9.5 16.7 9.0 5.9 7.3 11.6 7.3 Domestic Electrical Items Sewing Machines 50.7 42.7 20.2 42.7 52.0 41.1 17.5 41.9 44.1 39.1 16.1 39.0 Washing Machines 28.0 11.3 1.7 13.1 37.4 13.5 2.3 17.2 40.2 17.1 2.5 20.3 Refrigerators 60.2 37.9 7.9 39.6 67.7 43.2 14.3 46.2 68.8 51.4 17.3 52.9 Cookers (Gas / Electric / Kerosene) 73.1 33.6 11.6 38.1 75.2 37.1 21.1 42.9 81.1 48.9 40.1 53.9 Electric Fans 78.1 48.4 11.5 50.8 84.0 52.5 19.3 56.5 83.3 59.2 17.9 61.5 Not using any of these 11.5 34.7 68.6 33.1 7.7 30.6 57.9 27.8 5.6 22.2 44.3 20.4 Vehicle Ownership Bicycle 35.6 42.5 6.7 39.8 31.1 39.0 4.9 36.2 25.2 32.6 3.3 30.1 Motor Cycles / Scooters 21.2 27.9 4.1 25.8 27.6 32.2 6.5 30.3 30.1 39.9 5.7 36.8 Three Wheelers 6.1 6.9 2.3 6.5 9.9 11.1 4.4 10.6 13.3 14.5 9.1 14.1 Motor Cars / Vans 10.4 5.1 1.1 5.6 15.4 5.5 1.0 7.0 16.2 8.3 0.9 9.3 Buses / Lorries 1.4 1.9 0.4 1.8 1.9 2.3 0.4 2.2 1.1 3.3 0.6 2.8 No Vehicle 43.0 38.8 87.3 41.8 38.2 37.0 85.4 39.2 36.9 33.5 82.6 36.1

(a) Excluding Mannar, Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu districts. (d) Permanent – Tile, Asbestos, Concrete Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey (b) Permanent – Brick, Cabok, Cement Block, Pressed Soil Block Semi Permanent – Takaran, Cadjan/Metal Sheet, Palmyrah, 2009/10, 2012/13 and 2016, Semi Permanent – Mud, Plank/Takaran, Cadjan/Palmyrah, Other Straw, Other Department of Census and Statistics (c) Permanent – Cement, Terrazzo/Tile, Concrete … Neglegible Semi Permanent – Mud, Wood, Sand, Other 137 Socio-economic services

Table 13.5(b) Housing Conditions and Ownership of Durable Goods by Province – 2012/13 Per cent

North North Sabara- All Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Island

Wall Type(a) Permanent 95.2 95.3 93.7 82.1 91.2 94.0 94.6 91.8 93.3 93.5 Semi Permanent 4.8 4.7 6.3 17.9 8.8 6.0 5.4 8.2 6.7 6.5 Floor Type(b) Permanent 98.3 89.0 93.9 88.4 92.5 93.5 86.2 78.8 91.7 92.4 Semi Permanent 1.7 11.0 6.1 11.6 7.5 6.5 13.8 21.2 8.3 7.6 Roof Type(c) Permanent 96.1 75.7 95.7 80.4 90.0 90.8 92.4 81.5 87.5 89.6 Semi Permanent 3.9 24.3 4.3 19.6 10.0 9.2 7.6 18.5 12.5 10.4 Main Source of Drinking Water Safe 97.1 77.6 88.2 95.1 97.2 92.9 93.4 74.8 80.3 89.7 Not Safe 2.9 22.4 11.8 4.9 2.8 7.1 6.6 25.2 19.7 10.3 Toilet Facilities Exclusive for the Household 91.0 89.3 93.1 83.9 82.5 91.4 90.4 89.3 91.2 89.9 Sharing with another Household 7.4 10.0 6.7 9.8 11.5 7.4 8.2 9.7 8.8 8.4 Public Toilet Facilities 1.6 0.6 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.7 No Toilet Facilities 0.1 0.1 0.1 5.9 4.9 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.9 Lighting 97.6 92.5 94.4 66.0 79.9 89.1 87.4 83.7 88.2 90.2 Electricity 2.2 7.1 5.2 31.9 19.6 9.4 11.1 14.1 11.1 9.0 Kerosene 0.2 0.4 0.3 2.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 2.0 0.8 0.7 Solar Energy 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 Cooking Fuel Firewood 53.0 84.3 85.3 87.3 77.5 92.5 94.8 95.2 91.6 78.5 Gas 41.0 13.8 13.0 8.9 16.3 6.2 4.6 4.2 7.7 18.5 Kerosene 4.4 1.0 0.3 3.3 4.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.9 Other 1.6 0.7 1.4 0.5 1.9 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.1 Garbage Disposal Collected by Local Authorities 40.2 12.2 11.6 12.4 43.0 6.7 4.9 6.9 8.8 20.4 Buried / Burned 35.6 35.5 38.1 54.2 35.0 55.5 74.3 37.6 32.4 41.5 Process for Fertilizer 4.2 6.8 8.0 9.3 0.7 5.8 3.1 8.4 6.1 5.6 Dumped within premises 18.7 37.9 41.1 23.1 20.3 31.4 17.6 44.5 50.8 30.5 Thrown away outside premises 0.5 2.3 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.8 Other 0.8 5.3 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 1.7 1.3 1.2 Telecommunication Facilities Fixed Telephone Lines only 4.4 8.6 6.7 2.5 3.4 6.2 8.9 12.9 7.5 6.4 Mobile only 47.4 45.9 53.8 68.6 61.2 56.6 52.7 38.9 45.7 50.9 Fixed and Mobile Connections 41.3 34.4 27.5 16.9 11.1 25.3 23.6 30.5 29.2 30.3 No Telephone Facilities 6.9 11.1 12.0 12.0 24.3 11.9 14.8 17.8 17.6 12.5 Household Equipments Radio / Cassette Players 74.8 74.7 74.7 50.4 51.5 73.0 70.4 74.4 75.6 71.4 Televisions 91.6 85.2 85.0 54.8 66.1 83.4 80.9 77.6 82.0 82.7 VCD / DVD Players 52.3 47.3 39.8 30.2 31.3 40.0 35.6 37.8 43.9 43.1 Personal Computers 31.3 19.0 14.2 14.8 9.2 15.4 10.1 8.0 12.3 18.5 Not using any of these 4.3 7.2 6.4 25.1 22.2 8.4 9.3 11.0 9.0 9.0 Domestic Electrical Items Sewing Machines 53.7 42.9 45.1 18.4 25.7 43.0 36.1 30.0 38.0 41.9 Washing Machines 32.3 15.3 11.7 4.5 10.5 15.7 7.4 6.2 10.1 17.2 Refrigerators 67.2 40.3 45.6 20.8 29.3 47.5 38.9 23.8 38.1 46.2 Cookers (Gas / Electric / Kerosene) 69.0 43.1 37.3 22.2 33.5 36.1 26.9 17.8 29.0 42.9 Electric Fans 79.4 33.8 58.1 39.8 61.4 55.5 56.4 27.3 43.3 56.5 Not using any of these 10.3 35.4 25.6 51.6 30.7 27.8 31.5 51.7 38.8 27.8 Vehicle Ownership Bicycle 27.7 11.4 41.1 81.6 60.4 52.7 66.7 19.1 14.4 36.2 Motor Cycles / Scooters 31.8 12.5 32.4 34.4 29.8 48.3 49.7 15.6 18.3 30.3 Three Wheelers 12.6 10.1 12.0 5.1 5.3 11.5 11.7 7.8 10.6 10.6 Motor Cars / Vans 13.8 4.9 5.1 1.8 1.6 6.6 3.8 3.0 4.9 7.0 Buses / Lorries 2.2 2.1 2.1 0.3 1.0 4.1 2.7 1.7 1.6 2.2 No Vehicle 36.3 67.5 34.8 13.1 28.0 21.6 13.5 63.6 62.2 39.2

(a) Permanent – Brick, Cabok, Cement Block, Pressed Soil Block Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey Semi Permanent – Plank/Metal Sheet, Cadjan/Palmyrah, Other 2012/13, Department of Census and Statistics (b) Permanent – Cement, Terrazzo/Tile, Concrete Semi Permanent – Mud, Wood, Sand, Other (c) Permanent – Tile, Asbestos, Concrete Semi Permanent – Takaran, Cadjan/ Palmyrah, Other 138 Socio-economic services

Table 13.5(b) (Contd.) Housing Conditions and Ownership of Durable Goods by Province – 2016 Per cent

North North Sabara- All Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Island

Wall Type(a) Permanent 96.3 96.6 95.6 93.5 95.2 93.6 97.4 94.7 94.6 95.5 Semi Permanent 3.7 3.4 4.4 6.5 4.8 6.4 2.6 5.3 5.4 4.5 Floor Type(b) Permanent 98.8 92.8 96.1 98.0 95.6 96.0 93.5 87.2 94.4 95.6 Semi Permanent 1.2 7.2 3.9 2.0 4.4 4.0 6.5 12.8 5.6 4.4 Roof Type(c) Permanent 96.6 78.5 95.5 91.9 94.5 92.5 97.4 85.0 89.8 91.9 Semi Permanent 3.4 21.5 4.5 8.1 5.5 7.5 2.6 15.0 10.2 8.1 Main Source of Drinking Water Safe 98.2 77.7 92.7 92.3 97.7 92.7 71.2 79.4 76.0 88.8 Not Safe 1.8 22.3 7.3 7.7 2.3 7.3 28.8 20.6 24.0 11.2 Toilet Facilities Exclusive for the Household 93.0 91.5 92.8 89.1 90.6 90.3 88.7 92.4 91.8 91.7 Sharing with another Household 6.0 7.9 6.9 9.3 7.3 8.5 10.6 7.2 7.7 7.5 Public Toilet Facilities 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.3 – 0.3 0.4 0.4 No Toilet Facilities 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0 1.9 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.4 Lighting Electricity 98.7 96.8 98.6 92.4 93.2 95.9 97.3 96.0 96.4 96.9 Kerosene 1.0 2.8 1.3 7.2 5.9 3.7 2.6 3.6 3.5 2.8 Solar Energy 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3 Other 0.1 – – – 0.1 – – – 0.1 – Cooking Fuel Firewood 39.3 74.3 75.9 79.0 98.9 83.0 86.1 89.8 85.5 68.6 Gas 56.5 24.4 22.8 17.1 28.0 15.1 13.4 9.5 13.7 29.1 Kerosene 2.5 0.8 0.3 3.2 1.7 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.2 Other 1.7 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.1 Garbage Disposal Collected by Local Authorities 43.6 11.7 10.4 15.7 42.6 7.6 4.3 6.9 8.4 21.4 Buried / Burned 35.9 40.1 46.0 56.1 38.4 53.8 74.4 37.3 39.1 43.9 Process for Fertilizer 2.2 4.9 4.3 9.4 0.7 4.2 1.6 7.6 4.0 3.8 Dumped within premises 17.1 37.2 38.3 18.0 17.3 33.5 19.7 44.7 46.8 29.1 Thrown away outside premises 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.1 2.6 1.3 0.7 Other 0.6 5.3 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.5 – 0.8 0.4 1.1 Telecommunication Facilities Fixed Telephone Lines only 2.9 4.1 3.2 1.8 2.0 3.5 4.7 6.0 2.1 3.3 Mobile only 55.8 59.1 68.6 74.6 72.6 63.2 62.5 50.8 64.7 61.9 Fixed and Mobile Connections 35.4 30.0 20.7 15.4 13.3 24.1 22.9 26.7 23.5 26.3 No Telephone Facilities 5.9 6.9 7.4 7.9 12.1 9.3 9.8 16.5 9.6 8.5 Household Equipments Radio / Cassette Players 67.4 71.3 62.9 40.7 45.5 63.3 64.3 68.2 62.7 63.2 Televisions 90.9 87.7 87.8 72.2 15.1 85.3 87.7 85.2 87.0 86.3 VCD / DVD Players 43.5 38.5 33.1 31.4 25.0 34.4 35.5 36.3 36.3 36.8 Personal Computers 31.5 18.8 16.7 16.7 11.2 18.3 14.1 11.6 16.4 20.3 Not using any of these 4.3 6.5 5.5 17.5 17.1 7.7 6.8 6.5 6.2 7.3 Domestic Electrical Items Sewing Machines 47.0 41.2 39.0 22.8 26.2 38.0 36.9 33.7 37.8 39.0 Washing Machines 35.5 19.9 15.9 7.4 14.1 17.0 11.7 8.8 12.0 20.3 Refrigerators 71.2 46.5 53.4 29.5 34.4 55.0 49.7 33.2 47.4 52.9 Cookers (Gas / Electric / Kerosene) 77.5 54.5 51.1 30.3 41.9 47.4 40.1 29.6 44.5 53.9 Electric Fans 81.7 35.4 63.7 55.2 69.3 63.8 67.6 23.9 49.1 61.5 Not using any of these 7.4 26.1 20.0 34.4 22.3 20.4 20.1 42.6 27.4 20.4 Vehicle Ownership Bicycle 22.3 7.5 32.1 72.8 58.1 44.7 58.5 13.1 8.7 30.1 Motor Cycles / Scooters 35.4 16.4 43.8 44.1 39.4 56.6 58.7 20.3 24.1 36.8 Three Wheelers 15.7 15.1 14.6 5.4 8.6 13.9 14.3 13.4 16.7 14.1 Motor Cars / Vans 16.1 7.7 7.6 2.1 2.5 9.8 6.1 5.1 7.4 9.3 Buses / Lorries 2.7 2.7 2.6 0.9 0.9 4.8 4.5 2.9 2.6 2.8 No Vehicle 34.4 62.5 30.7 15.2 23.0 19.3 14.3 58.8 56.3 36.1

(a) Permanent – Brick, Cabok, Cement Block, Pressed Soil Block Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016, Semi Permanent – Plank/Metal Sheet, Cadjan/Palmyrah, Other Department of Census and Statistics (b) Permanent – Cement, Terrazzo/Tile, Concrete Semi Permanent – Mud, Wood, Sand, Other (c) Permanent – Tile, Asbestos, Concrete Semi Permanent – Takaran, Cadjan/ Palmyrah, Other 139 Socio-economic services

Table 13.6(A) Key Socio-Economic Indicators by Sector 2009/10, 2012/13 and 2016

2009 / 10(a) 2012 / 13 2016

Item All All All Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate Island Island Island

Household Characteristics Number of Individuals per Household 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.3 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.1 3.8 Number of Income Receivers per Household 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.8

Population Distribution by Gender, % Male 47.7 47.4 47.6 47.4 47.4 47.0 48.0 47.1 46.9 46.8 47.1 46.8 Female 52.3 52.6 52.4 52.6 52.6 53.0 52.0 52.9 53.1 53.2 52.9 53.2 by Age Group, % 0 – 14 Years 25.3 25.9 29.7 26.0 24.2 26.0 31.1 25.9 23.8 25.3 30.3 25.3 15 – 59 Years 61.9 61.8 59.9 61.8 61.5 60.6 57.0 60.6 60.1 59.1 57.0 59.2 Over 59 Years 12.8 12.3 10.5 12.3 14.3 13.5 11.9 13.6 16.1 15.6 12.7 15.5 by Educational Attainment, % No Schooling 2.5 4.0 13.1 4.2 2.2 3.5 12.2 3.7 2.4 3.1 10.1 3.3 Up to Grade 5 21.6 24.6 43.0 25.1 19.2 25.0 42.0 24.7 19.3 23.5 39.6 23.5 Grade 6 – 10 42.1 45.5 37.7 44.6 39.8 44.8 38.7 43.6 40.4 45.0 41.8 44.1 Passed G.C.E. (O/L) 17.5 14.9 3.8 14.7 18.2 15.5 4.9 15.5 18.4 15.1 5.4 15.3 Passed G.C.E. (A/L) and Above 16.2 10.8 2.3 11.2 20.5 11.1 2.2 12.4 19.4 13.2 3.0 13.8

Income mean Income, Rs. per Month Per Household 47,783 35,228 24,162 36,451 69,880 41,478 30,220 45,878 88,692 58,137 34,804 62,237 Per Person 11,245 8,916 5,782 9,104 17,262 10,843 7,100 11,819 22,297 15,508 8,566 16,377 median Income, Rs. per Month Per Household 31,000 23,126 17,366 23,746 42,267 29,376 24,087 30,814 57,833 42,133 29,134 43,511 Per Person 6,925 5,758 4,161 5,803 10,420 7,657 5,503 7,881 14,090 11,140 7,107 11,307 income Shares by Deciles of Households, % 1st Decile 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.6 2nd Decile 2.9 2.9 3.8 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.7 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.8 3.2 3rd Decile 4.0 4.0 4.8 3.9 3.7 4.4 5.1 4.1 4.1 4.5 5.3 4.3 4th Decile 5.0 4.9 5.7 4.9 4.6 5.4 6.4 5.1 5.0 5.5 6.6 5.3 5th Decile 6.0 6.0 6.7 6.0 5.6 6.5 7.4 6.2 5.8 6.7 7.8 6.4 6th Decile 7.2 7.2 7.8 7.1 6.7 7.7 8.7 7.3 7.2 7.9 9.0 7.6 7th Decile 8.8 8.7 9.1 8.7 8.3 9.2 9.9 8.9 8.9 9.5 10.6 9.2 8th Decile 11.1 10.9 10.6 10.8 10.3 11.4 11.8 10.9 10.7 11.7 12.5 11.5 9th Decile 15.1 14.5 13.4 14.6 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.9 14.8 15.6 15.8 15.4 10th Decile 38.2 39.3 36.0 39.5 42.0 35.6 30.3 38.0 38.6 33.7 26.7 35.4 income Share by Households, % Richest 20% 53.3 53.8 49.4 54.1 56.5 50.7 45.1 52.9 53.4 49.3 42.5 50.8 Poorest 20% 4.7 4.5 5.9 4.5 4.4 4.7 5.7 4.5 4.9 4.9 5.9 4.8 Middle 60% 42.1 41.7 44.7 41.4 39.2 44.6 49.3 42.6 41.7 45.8 51.6 44.4 Gini Coefficient, One Month Income Gini Coefficient (Households) 0.48 0.49 0.43 0.49 0.51 0.45 0.39 0.48 0.48 0.44 0.36 0.45 Gini Coefficient (Per Person) 0.49 0.48 0.42 0.49 0.51 0.44 0.37 0.46 0.48 0.42 0.34 0.44 Gini Coefficient (Income Receivers) 0.54 0.54 0.50 0.55 0.56 0.51 0.44 0.53 0.53 0.50 0.42 0.51 Expenditure, Rs. per Month Per Household 44,928 29,423 23,988 31,331 58,930 38,274 29,379 41,444 77,337 51,377 34,851 54,999 Household Expenditure Share, % Food 35.6 43.7 50.8 42.3 32.1 39.2 49.8 37.8 31.2 35.4 48.5 34.8 Housing 16.9 9.8 4.3 11.0 17.5 9.4 5.0 11.3 18.9 10.7 6.0 12.5 Fuel and Light 5.0 3.8 4.0 4.1 5.5 3.8 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.0 3.5 3.2 Personal Care and Health Expenses 5.4 4.4 3.7 4.6 5.3 5.3 3.5 5.3 4.5 4.7 3.1 4.6 Transport 6.7 7.7 4.6 7.4 8.9 8.1 5.6 8.3 9.3 7.8 5.4 8.1 Communication 2.8 2.3 1.7 2.4 2.7 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 2.0 Education 4.0 3.1 1.6 3.2 4.7 3.2 1.8 3.5 4.6 3.5 2.5 3.8 Cultural Activities and Entertainments 1.1 1.3 2.1 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.9 1.6 0.9 1.7 Non-Durable Household Goods and Services 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.2 Clothing Textile and Footwear 2.3 3.0 3.7 2.9 2.4 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.5 3.0 3.7 2.9 Durable Household Goods 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.5 1.5 2.8 2.3 2.5 3.1 4.5 2.5 4.1 Other Miscellaneous Expenses 10.8 9.3 8.4 9.5 9.2 11.5 10.1 10.9 7.8 11.9 9.7 10.8 Other Rare Expenses 4.2 5.7 6.7 5.5 6.4 7.5 5.7 7.2 7.1 9.1 6.1 8.6 Liquor, Narcotic Drugs and Tobacco 1.5 2.1 5.1 2.1 1.0 1.8 5.4 1.7 1.4 2.0 5.5 1.9

(a) Excluding Mannar, Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu districts. Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2009/10, 2012/13 and 2016, Department of Census and Statistics 140 Socio-economic services

Table 13.6(b) Key Socio-Economic Indicators by Provinces – 2012/13

North North Sabara- All Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Island

Household Characteristics Number of Individuals per Household 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 Number of Income Receivers per Household 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8

Population Distribution by Gender, % Male 47.5 46.6 47.0 47.0 46.4 47.0 47.1 47.1 47.4 47.1 Female 52.5 53.4 53.0 53.0 53.6 53.0 52.9 52.9 52.6 52.9 by Age Group, % 0 – 14 Years 23.8 26.7 25.7 26.9 31.2 25.8 27.2 28.2 24.1 25.9 15 – 59 Years 61.4 59.6 59.1 60.6 60.0 61.3 61.5 59.8 60.7 60.6 Over 59 Years 14.7 13.8 15.2 12.5 8.9 12.9 11.2 11.9 15.2 13.6 by Educational Attainment, % No Schooling 2.2 5.2 4.0 2.1 4.4 3.5 3.6 6.3 4.5 3.7 Up to Grade 5 18.3 27.0 25.4 27.1 33.8 25.1 28.3 29.7 25.7 24.7 Grade 6 – 10 41.5 42.7 43.1 47.7 40.7 46.3 47.3 45.5 45.0 43.6 Passed G.C.E. (O/L) 19.5 13.6 15.6 13.9 13.1 14.3 13.4 10.8 14.6 15.5 Passed G.C.E. (A/L) and Above 18.4 11.5 11.8 9.3 8.0 10.7 7.4 7.7 10.1 12.4

Income mean Income, Rs. per Month Per Household 64,152 40,146 41,834 34,286 30,676 42,756 36,632 35,638 40,375 45,878 Per Person 16,124 10,104 10,973 8,339 7,622 11,596 9,877 9,382 10,718 11,819 Per Income Receiver 33,564 22,292 23,606 18,916 19,836 25,854 21,848 21,909 23,134 25,963 median Income, Rs. per Month Per Household 42,100 28,900 28,921 23,571 22,710 29,343 29,707 24,228 27,775 30,814 Per Person 10,567 7,150 7,624 5,540 5,385 7,927 7,824 6,110 7,229 7,881 Per Income Receiver 20,500 15,083 16,000 12,692 15,000 16,612 15,930 13,867 15,000 16,667 income Share by Households, % Richest 20% 53.1 49.6 50.9 53.0 49.8 52.0 44.5 53.8 51.9 52.9 Poorest 20% 5.0 5.0 5.2 3.8 4.2 4.4 5.5 4.1 5.1 4.5 Middle 60% 41.9 45.4 43.9 43.2 46.0 43.6 50.1 42.1 43.0 42.6 Gini Coefficient, One Month Income Gini Coefficient (Households) 0.47 0.44 0.45 0.48 0.45 0.47 0.39 0.48 0.46 0.48 Gini Coefficient (Per Person) 0.46 0.43 0.44 0.47 0.44 0.47 0.38 0.47 0.44 0.46 Gini Coefficient (Income Receivers) 0.54 0.50 0.51 0.57 0.50 0.53 0.47 0.54 0.52 0.53

Expenditure, Rs. per Month Per Household 58,298 38,989 36,430 34,562 30,886 37,665 33,935 28,867 32,376 41,444 Household Expenditure Share, % all Food 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Cereal 13.2 20.3 15.9 20.5 15.8 16.4 19.8 22.5 19.0 16.7 Prepared Foods 16.2 8.2 9.2 8.8 9.6 10.2 6.2 7.5 10.1 11.3 Pulses 3.2 4.3 3.8 3.3 1.9 3.2 3.9 4.6 4.2 3.5 Vegetables 7.4 8.6 8.5 6.2 7.4 8.5 9.6 10.7 8.8 8.2 Meat 4.6 4.4 2.0 4.9 7.3 4.9 4.0 2.9 3.0 4.3 Fish 10.2 4.9 10.5 13.1 13.3 9.4 8.8 5.4 5.3 9.1 Dried Fish 4.5 4.1 4.5 0.5 2.1 5.5 4.6 3.7 5.2 4.2 Coconut 5.5 5.9 7.1 6.4 5.8 6.4 7.3 5.1 7.7 6.2 Condiments 8.1 9.0 10.5 8.7 11.2 9.1 9.7 8.3 9.1 9.0 Milk & Milk Products 10.0 9.7 9.5 7.8 6.9 7.5 7.1 8.4 8.4 8.9 Fat and Oil 1.7 3.2 2.0 3.3 3.0 2.3 3.2 3.6 2.7 2.4 Sugar, Juggery & Treacle 2.5 3.2 3.3 4.0 3.5 3.1 3.6 2.9 3.1 3.0 Fruits 3.2 2.8 3.3 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.9 2.5 2.9 Other 9.7 11.5 9.7 9.9 9.3 10.6 9.7 11.4 10.8 10.2 all Non-Food 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Housing 20.8 18.0 17.3 9.3 15.0 14.6 14.0 16.8 17.9 18.1 Fuel and Light 6.8 6.2 5.7 10.6 12.3 5.7 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.8 Personal Care and Health Expenses 8.7 7.4 7.8 9.5 12.0 8.2 8.2 5.5 9.0 8.5 Transport 13.0 13.1 11.7 11.0 11.6 15.5 14.7 14.6 14.4 13.3 Communication 3.5 3.4 3.1 4.1 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 Education 6.4 5.3 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.2 4.5 5.4 5.6 Cultural Activities and Entertainment 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.2 1.3 2.2 1.6 1.6 2.0 Non-Durable Household Goods & Services 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.5 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.4 1.7 2.0 Clothing, Textile and Footwear 3.4 5.4 4.9 6.2 8.4 5.0 5.9 6.0 5.3 4.6 Durable Household Goods 3.1 3.9 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.6 6.0 4.6 3.9 Other Miscellaneous Expenses 17.3 17.0 18.2 15.8 11.7 19.5 21.5 14.2 18.4 17.5 Other Rare Expenses 11.0 12.7 14.0 17.0 8.9 12.3 9.1 12.6 7.6 11.5 Liquor, Narcotic Drugs and Tobacco 1.7 3.5 3.3 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.0 6.0 4.0 2.7

Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2012/13, Department of Census and Statistics 141 Socio-economic services

Table 13.6(b) (Contd.) Key Socio-Economic Indicators by Province – 2016

North North Sabara- All Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva Western Central gamuwa Island

Household Characteristics Number of Individuals per Household 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 Number of Income Receivers per Household 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8

Population Distribution by Gender, % Male 47.8 45.9 47.3 47.3 46.4 46.2 45.4 46.8 46.3 46.8 Female 52.2 54.1 52.7 52.7 53.6 53.8 54.6 53.2 53.7 53.2 by Age Group, % 0 – 14 Years 23.4 26.7 25.4 25.3 28.9 24.8 29.4 25.9 23.6 25.3 15 – 59 Years 60.1 56.9 57.6 59.9 61.1 59.6 58.1 59.9 59.3 59.2 Over 59 Years 16.5 16.5 17.0 14.8 10.0 15.6 12.5 14.2 17.1 15.5 by Educational Attainment, % No Schooling 2.0 5.0 3.6 1.9 3.9 3.1 3.1 5.1 4.4 3.3 Up to Grade 5 18.0 26.2 23.9 25.6 32.0 23.9 25.6 25.6 24.4 23.5 Grade 6 – 10 42.8 41.8 43.4 51.0 40.6 45.6 49.1 45.4 44.6 44.1 Passed G.C.E. (O/L) 18.6 13.8 15.8 10.8 14.9 13.5 11.8 13.9 14.7 15.3 Passed G.C.E. (A/L) and Above 18.6 13.0 13.2 10.7 8.5 13.8 10.2 9.9 11.8 13.8

Income mean Income, Rs. per Month Per Household 84,231 53,053 59,375 46,081 43,168 60,398 60,298 51,635 49,057 62,237 Per Person 21,665 13,729 15,730 11,384 11,259 16,671 16,567 13,867 13,157 16,377 Per Income Receiver 43,959 28,328 32,354 23,286 27,511 33,274 35,186 29,623 26,153 33,894 median Income, Rs. per Month Per Household 57,514 40,010 43,605 34,500 32,621 41,977 42,092 36,597 37,043 43,511 Per Person 14,400 9,890 11,253 8,434 8,261 11,420 11,248 10,139 9,711 11,307 Per Income Receiver 30,000 20,000 23,143 17,200 21,500 22,127 23,417 20,377 19,436 23,260 income Share by Households, % Richest 20% 51.2 47.5 48.2 48.4 47.6 51.5 51.6 49.8 47.0 50.8 Poorest 20% 5.3 5.2 5.6 4.3 5.2 4.5 4.7 4.3 5.5 4.8 Middle 60% 43.4 47.2 46.2 47.3 47.2 44.0 43.7 45.9 47.5 44.4 Gini Coefficient, One Month Income Gini Coefficient (Households) 0.45 0.42 0.42 0.44 0.42 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.41 0.45 Gini Coefficient (Per Person) 0.45 0.41 0.40 0.41 0.40 0.44 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.44 Gini Coefficient (Income Receivers) 0.51 0.49 0.49 0.52 0.46 0.53 0.53 0.50 0.47 0.51 Expenditure, Rs. per Month Per Household 74,505 50,334 52,271 42,537 38,407 55,514 48,176 39,140 42,810 54,999 Household Expenditure Share, % all Food 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Cereal 12.5 19.0 14.3 20.1 13.9 15.1 18.1 20.6 18.7 15.5 Prepared Foods 15.7 9.3 11.0 9.2 11.4 12.1 8.6 7.1 8.8 11.8 Pulses 3.3 4.3 4.0 3.9 2.2 3.2 3.6 4.5 4.7 3.6 Vegetables 8.7 10.8 10.3 7.8 9.0 9.8 10.7 13.1 11.8 9.9 Meat 5.1 5.2 2.7 5.4 8.4 4.9 4.7 3.4 3.1 4.8 Fish 9.9 6.1 11.0 13.2 14.9 9.3 9.6 6.5 5.9 9.5 Dried Fish 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.6 2.1 5.4 4.4 3.8 5.4 4.0 Eggs 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 Coconut 5.2 5.7 6.8 5.4 4.7 5.9 6.4 4.8 7.7 5.8 Condiments 9.2 9.6 11.2 9.8 10.5 10.2 9.4 10.0 9.8 9.8 Milk & Milk Products 9.2 8.6 8.5 7.6 6.7 7.0 6.7 7.9 7.6 8.2 Fat and Oil 2.2 2.9 1.9 3.2 2.6 2.1 3.1 4.0 2.6 2.5 Sugar, Juggery & Treacle 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.2 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 Fruits 3.8 2.8 3.2 2.6 2.4 3.1 2.9 3.5 2.9 3.2 Other 8.3 8.2 7.3 7.0 7.3 8.8 8.2 7.2 7.4 8.0 all Non-Food 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Housing 24.9 18.5 15.8 8.8 16.2 12.8 13.2 17.2 16.7 19.2 Fuel and Light 5.0 4.9 4.0 7.2 9.2 4.0 4.1 4.7 4.6 4.9 Personal Care and Health Expenses 6.8 7.2 7.4 10.9 7.3 7.2 6.0 5.6 6.8 7.0 Transport 12.9 12.1 10.9 11.4 11.9 12.5 12.6 13.1 13.1 12.4 Communication 3.2 3.2 2.4 3.8 3.8 2.7 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 Education 6.2 6.3 5.0 6.9 6.0 4.9 4.5 5.7 5.6 5.8 Cultural Activities and Entertainment 2.8 2.1 2.6 1.7 1.1 2.0 1.7 2.3 4.5 2.5 Non-Durable Household Goods & Services 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 Clothing, Textile and Footwear 3.4 5.0 4.4 5.9 7.9 4.2 5.4 6.0 5.2 4.4 Durable Household Goods 4.9 4.9 9.2 5.4 6.2 10.3 5.7 4.5 6.5 6.3 Other Miscellaneous Expenses 14.4 18.4 17.6 17.7 12.8 19.6 22.1 16.3 17.0 16.6 Other Rare Expenses 11.7 12.5 16.0 15.1 12.3 14.9 16.7 11.8 11.8 13.1 Liquor, Narcotic Drugs and Tobacco 1.9 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.6 7.6 3.4 2.9

Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016, Department of Census and Statistics 142 Socio-economic services

Table 13.7 General Education 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Total No. of Schools 10,205 10,502 10,548 10,737 10,849 10,971 10,997 11,021 11,053 11,336 Government Schools 9,410 9,685 9,731 9,905 10,012 10,121 10,144 10,162 10,194 10,175 Other Schools 795 817 817 832 837 850 853 859 859 867 Pirivena Schools 697 719 720 734 734 747 749 754 753 761 Private and Special Schools 98 98 97 98 103 103 104 105 106 106

Classification of Govt. Schools(b) 9,410 9,685 9,731 9,905 10,012 10,121 10,144 10,162 10,194 10,175 1A & B Schools 702 716 716 748 868 974 1,004 1,016 1,029 1,044 1C Schools 1,944 2,005 2,027 2,038 1,910 1,814 1,801 1,805 1,818 1,845 Type 2 Schools 4,043 4,094 4,131 3,910 3,730 3,584 3,462 3,408 3,288(c) 3,227 Type 3 Schools 2,721 2,870 2,857 3,209 3,504 3,749 3,877 3,933 4,059(c) 4,059

Total No. of Pupils 4,037,896 4,119,525 4,155,255 4,194,336 4,233,555 4,273,065 4,330,368 4,345,740 4,365,298 4,413,738 Government Schools 3,864,824 3,940,072 3,972,983 4,004,059 4,037,095 4,078,798 4,129,534 4,143,330 4,165,964 4,214,772 Other Schools 173,072 179,453 182,272 190,277 196,460 194,267 200,834 202,410 199,334(c) 198,966 Pirivena Schools 58,098 62,091 62,645 64,608 66,116 62,870 64,606 66,003 62,872 60,440 Private and Special Schools 114,974 117,362 119,627 125,669 130,344 131,397 136,228 136,407 136,462(c) 138,526

New Admissions(d) 329,832 332,562 331,491 339,143 342,451 349,182 334,877 317,895 322,135 328,632

Total No. of Teachers 225,951 224,541 228,672 235,924 236,131 245,628 247,453 245,930 254,560(c) 260,906 Government Schools(e) 214,307 212,457 216,397 223,724 223,752 232,990 233,883 232,555 241,591 247,334 Other Schools 11,644 12,084 12,275 12,200 12,379 12,638 13,570 13,375 12,969(c) 13,572 Pirivena Schools 5,943 6,090 6,487 6,086 6,062 6,162 6,495 6,503 6,414 6,789 Private and Special Schools 5,701 5,994 5,788 6,114 6,317 6,476 7,075 6,872 6,555(c) 6,783

Pupil / Teacher Ratio (All Schools) 17.9 18.3 18.6 17.8 17.9 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.1(c) 16.9

Note : Schools in Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu districts were temporarily closed at the census Source : Ministry of Education date (2009.06.01) in 2009. (a) Provisional (b) Classification of Schools: 1A&B – Schools having GCE (A/L) Science classes 1C – Schools having GCE (A/L) Arts / Commerce classes / No Science classes Type 2 – Schools having classes up to Grade 11. Type 3 – Schools having classes only up to Grade 5. (c) Revised (d) Government schools only. (e) Teachers in functioning and temporary closed schools.

Total No. of Pupils & Pupils per Teacher Ratio (All Schools)

4,500,000 19.0

18.5

4,300,000 18.0

17.5 4,100,000 Total No. of Pupils Total Pupil / Teacher Ratio Pupil / Teacher 17.0

3,900,000 16.5 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Total No. of Pupils Pupil / Teacher Ratio 143 Socio-economic services

Table 13.8 Government School Teachers and Pupils by Province and District 2011 – 2018 ’000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a) Province / District T P T P T P T P T P T P T P T P

Western 41 929 43 938 43 946 46 956 45 969 44 969 46 965 46 976 Colombo 16 366 17 369 17 372 18 376 18 380 17 380 18 375 18 380 Gampaha 15 348 16 351 16 353 17 357 16 362 16 361 17 362 17 364 Kalutara 10 215 10 218 11 220 11 223 11 227 11 228 12 228 12 231

Central 30 523 32 526 32 530 32 535 34 543 33 544 34 548 36 557 Kandy 16 269 16 270 16 272 17 274 17 278 17 279 18 282 18 286 Matale 6 96 6 97 6 98 6 99 7 101 7 101 7 104 7 106 Nuwara Eliya 9 157 9 159 9 160 9 162 10 164 10 164 10 162 11 166

Southern 29 506 29 511 29 513 30 519 29 524 29 526 30 532 31 539 Galle 11 217 11 219 11 220 12 223 11 224 11 223 12 225 12 227 Matara 10 162 10 163 10 164 10 164 10 167 10 167 10 168 10 170 Hambantota 8 126 8 130 8 130 8 132 8 134 8 136 8 138 8 141

Northern 14 248 15 249 15 250 16 249 16 247 17 243 18 241 18 239 Jaffna 7 131 7 128 7 125 8 123 8 121 8 118 9 116 9 113 Kilinochchi 2 28 2 29 2 31 2 32 2 32 2 33 2 32 2 27 Mannar 2 29 2 28 2 29 2 29 2 27 2 27 2 27 2 38 Mullaitivu 1 20 1 23 2 26 2 28 2 28 2 28 2 28 2 32 Vavuniya 2 41 2 39 2 39 3 38 3 38 3 37 3 37 3 29

Eastern 20 385 21 386 21 388 21 389 21 392 21 394 22 395 23 394 Batticaloa 6 130 7 130 7 130 7 130 7 131 7 132 7 131 8 131 Ampara 9 156 9 158 9 159 9 161 9 161 9 162 9 165 10 165 Trincomalee 5 98 5 98 5 99 5 98 5 100 5 100 5 99 6 98

North Western 27 476 28 479 27 486 28 492 28 502 28 505 28 509 30 517 Kurunegala 20 317 20 319 20 323 20 329 20 334 20 337 20 341 21 347 Puttalam 7 159 8 160 7 163 8 164 8 168 8 168 8 168 9 170

North Central 15 259 15 266 16 270 17 273 17 279 17 287 17 292 18 300 Anuradhapura 11 179 11 184 11 187 12 189 12 193 12 199 12 202 13 207 Polonnaruwa 4 80 4 82 4 84 5 83 5 86 5 88 5 90 5 92

Uva 18 279 19 278 19 280 20 283 20 287 20 288 21 291 20 294 Badulla 12 184 13 183 13 183 13 185 13 186 13 186 14 185 14 187 Moneragala 6 95 6 95 6 97 6 98 6 101 6 103 7 105 7 108

Sabaragamuwa 22 367 22 371 23 374 23 383 24 387 24 387 25 393 26 400 Ratnapura 11 207 12 209 12 210 12 215 13 218 13 219 13 223 13 228 Kegalle 10 160 10 162 11 165 11 168 11 168 11 168 12 170 12 172

Total 216 3,973 224 4,004 224 4,037 233 4,079 234 4,130 233 4,143 242 4,166 247 4,215

Note : Schools in Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu districts were temporarily closed Source : Ministry of Education at the census date (2009.06.01) in 2009. T : Teachers P : Pupils (a) Provisional 144 Socio-economic services

Table 13.9(A) Government Schools by Size of Student Population – 2017 Numbers

Province / District 0 – 100 101 – 500 501 – 1,000 1,001 – 1,500 1,501 – 2,000 2,001 – 2,500 2,501 – 3,000 3,001 – 3,500 Above 3,500 Total

Western 201 607 262 112 58 40 21 24 34 1,359 Colombo 38 167 87 37 19 13 9 16 18 404 Gampaha 61 250 115 48 21 20 8 6 8 537 Kalutara 102 190 60 27 18 7 4 2 8 418

Central 503 704 193 61 22 17 9 2 8 1,519 Kandy 186 305 90 32 12 8 7 1 8 649 Matale 115 153 29 10 6 7 1 0 321 Nuwara Eliya 202 246 74 19 4 2 2 0 0 549

Southern 291 537 145 58 33 13 12 7 16 1,112 Galle 110 204 56 21 16 6 6 1 10 430 Matara 97 171 49 17 11 7 3 4 2 361 Hambantota 84 162 40 20 6 0 3 2 4 321

Northern 443 423 93 20 9 8 0 1 0 997 Jaffna 194 196 38 15 5 5 0 0 0 453 Kilinochchi 32 48 21 2 1 0 0 0 104 Mannar 68 57 9 1 2 0 0 0 0 137 Mullaitivu 99 64 12 1 1 2 0 1 0 180 Vavuniya 50 58 13 1 1 0 0 0 0 123

Eastern 324 545 168 33 19 14 3 4 0 1,110 Batticaloa 107 167 63 6 9 6 1 0 0 359 Ampara 119 223 59 20 8 3 2 4 0 438 Trincomalee 98 155 46 7 2 5 0 0 0 313

North Western 323 654 166 50 27 10 11 6 9 1,256 Kurunegala 261 452 97 30 16 7 10 6 6 885 Puttalam 62 202 69 20 11 3 1 0 3 371

North Central 254 393 114 19 17 5 3 2 5 812 Anuradhapura 179 270 79 11 11 4 2 1 5 562 Polonnaruwa 75 123 35 8 6 1 1 1 0 250

Uva 301 428 117 27 10 11 4 0 2 900 Badulla 219 286 66 16 6 8 3 0 2 606 Moneragala 82 142 51 11 4 3 1 0 0 294

Sabaragamuwa 406 514 117 45 20 4 9 9 5 1,129 Ratnapura 200 270 72 28 15 2 6 3 2 598 Kegalle 206 244 45 17 5 2 3 6 3 531

Total 3,046 4,805 1,375 425 215 122 72 55 79 10,194

Source : Ministry of Education 145 Socio-economic services

Table 13.9(B) Government Schools by Size of Student Population – 2018(a) Numbers

Province / District 0 – 100 101 – 500 501 – 1,000 1,001 – 1,500 1,501 – 2,000 2,001 – 2,500 2,501 – 3,000 3,001 – 3,500 Above 3,500 Total

Western 206 594 263 110 58 47 19 23 36 1,356 Colombo 44 161 84 36 21 14 9 13 20 402 Gampaha 60 247 117 45 22 23 7 7 8 536 Kalutara 102 186 62 29 15 10 3 3 8 418

Central 485 712 200 56 27 16 8 5 8 1,517 Kandy 183 305 91 34 12 9 5 3 8 650 Matale 105 157 32 8 7 5 2 1 0 317 Nuwara Eliya 197 250 77 14 8 2 1 1 0 550

Southern 285 534 153 56 31 13 15 8 15 1,110 Galle 105 207 59 17 17 5 8 2 9 429 Matara 98 164 53 19 8 8 4 4 2 360 Hambantota 82 163 41 20 6 0 3 2 4 321

Northern 449 410 90 19 10 8 0 1 0 987 Jaffna 203 187 33 15 5 5 0 0 0 448 Kilinochchi 33 49 20 0 1 1 0 0 0 104 Mannar 62 61 9 1 2 0 0 0 0 135 Mullaitivu 95 59 15 1 1 2 0 1 0 174 Vavuniya 56 54 13 2 1 0 0 0 0 126

Eastern 327 558 148 43 16 13 7 2 0 1,114 Batticaloa 108 168 59 11 7 5 2 0 0 360 Ampara 118 231 54 21 7 4 4 2 0 441 Trincomalee 101 159 35 11 2 4 1 0 0 313

North Western 313 654 167 50 28 14 8 6 10 1,250 Kurunegala 255 448 100 29 18 10 7 5 8 880 Puttalam 58 206 67 21 10 4 1 1 2 370

North Central 250 393 118 21 14 8 4 1 6 815 Anuradhapura 176 268 83 12 10 6 2 1 5 563 Polonnaruwa 74 125 35 9 4 2 2 0 1 252

Uva 299 412 135 22 14 9 3 2 2 898 Badulla 218 274 79 13 9 7 2 1 2 605 Moneragala 81 138 56 9 5 2 1 1 0 293

Sabaragamuwa 396 522 116 44 23 5 6 10 6 1,128 Ratnapura 197 277 70 28 17 2 4 5 2 602 Kegalle 199 245 46 16 6 3 2 5 4 526

Total 3,010 4,789 1,390 421 221 133 70 58 83 10,175

(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Education 146 Socio-economic services

Table 13.10(A) Government School Teachers by Category of Appointment – 2017 Numbers

Province / District Graduate Trained Untrained Trainees Other Total

Western 25,263 20,103 50 261 148 45,825 Colombo 9,917 7,646 13 94 70 17,740 Gampaha 9,143 7,278 26 102 30 16,579 Kalutara 6,203 5,179 11 65 48 11,506

Central 13,548 19,424 352 690 44 34,058 Kandy 7,976 9,153 94 309 22 17,554 Matale 2,695 3,699 40 131 6 6,571 Nuwara Eliya 2,877 6,572 218 250 16 9,933

Southern 13,614 16,252 113 285 32 30,296 Galle 5,067 6,242 40 147 14 11,510 Matara 4,743 5,469 46 68 13 10,339 Hambantota 3,804 4,541 27 70 5 8,447

Northern 7,258 10,482 6 91 104 17,941 Jaffna 4,371 4,486 1 44 17 8,919 Kilinochchi 694 1,417 1 11 0 2,123 Mannar 676 1,351 2 18 11 2,058 Mullaitivu 632 1,305 2 9 75 2,023 Vavuniya 885 1,923 0 9 1 2,818

Eastern 7,631 13,843 50 242 44 21,810 Batticaloa 2,978 3,994 12 54 4 7,042 Ampara 3,080 6,138 24 117 20 9,379 Trincomalee 1,573 3,711 14 71 20 5,389

North Western 12,251 15,345 73 515 55 28,239 Kurunegala 8,908 10,607 44 372 30 19,961 Puttalam 3,343 4,738 29 143 25 8,278

North Central 7,597 9,542 46 186 69 17,440 Anuradhapura 5,230 6,980 22 125 63 12,420 Polonnaruwa 2,367 2,562 24 61 6 5,020

Uva 7,949 11,658 478 664 94 20,843 Badulla 5,053 8,065 409 410 72 14,009 Moneragala 2,896 3,593 69 254 22 6,834

Sabaragamuwa 11,645 12,989 125 377 3 25,139 Ratnapura 5,631 7,286 73 136 1 13,127 Kegalle 6,014 5,703 52 241 2 12,012

Total 106,756 129,638 1,293 3,311 593 241,591

Source : Ministry of Education 147 Socio-economic services

Table 13.10(b) Government School Teachers by Category of Appointment – 2018(a) Numbers

Province / District Graduate Trained Untrained Trainees Other Total

Western 25,642 19,989 230 52 111 46,024 Colombo 10,109 7,544 113 23 57 17,846 Gampaha 9,176 7,351 37 11 14 16,589 Kalutara 6,357 5,094 80 18 40 11,589

Central 14,039 20,106 844 630 22 35,641 Kandy 8,139 9,377 379 194 11 18,100 Matale 2,855 3,798 124 66 5 6,848 Nuwara Eliya 3,045 6,931 341 370 6 10,693

Southern 14,104 16,048 291 129 29 30,601 Galle 5,340 6,246 131 46 18 11,781 Matara 4,966 5,316 104 62 3 10,451 Hambantota 3,798 4,486 56 21 8 8,369

Northern 7,054 10,751 323 20 10 18,158 Jaffna 4,288 4,648 103 10 2 9,051 Kilinochchi 669 1,416 14 4 1 2,104 Mannar 629 1,361 53 4 7 2,054 Mullaitivu 610 1,308 81 1 0 2,000 Vavuniya 858 2,018 72 1 0 2,949

Eastern 9,038 13,740 570 94 5 23,447 Batticaloa 3,509 3,830 178 35 1 7,553 Ampara 3,572 6,265 218 36 2 10,093 Trincomalee 1,957 3,645 174 23 2 5,801

North Western 13,509 15,314 548 103 28 29,502 Kurunegala 9,503 10,591 384 68 15 20,561 Puttalam 4,006 4,723 164 35 13 8,941

North Central 8,137 9,430 270 50 4 17,891 Anuradhapura 5,599 6,822 184 32 2 12,639 Polonnaruwa 2,538 2,608 86 18 2 5,252

Uva 7,779 11,832 516 270 97 20,494 Badulla 4,939 8,196 364 208 89 13,796 Moneragala 2,840 3,636 152 62 8 6,698

Sabaragamuwa 11,439 13,425 427 273 12 25,576 Ratnapura 5,521 7,551 197 154 5 13,428 Kegalle 5,918 5,874 230 119 7 12,148

Total 110,741 130,635 4,019 1,621 318 247,334

(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Education 148 Socio-economic services

Table 13.11 New Admissions in Government Schools – 2018(a) Numbers

Sinhala Medium Tamil Medium English Medium All Students Province / District Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

Western 32,626 31,451 64,077 3,461 3,729 7,190 0 0 0 36,087 35,180 71,267 Colombo 11,805 11,013 22,818 1,421 1,447 2,868 0 0 0 13,226 12,460 25,686 Gampaha 13,049 12,986 26,035 766 830 1,596 0 0 0 13,815 13,816 27,631 Kalutara 7,772 7,452 15,224 1,274 1,452 2,726 0 0 0 9,046 8,904 17,950

Central 14,315 14,020 28,335 8,214 8,009 16,223 0 0 0 22,529 22,029 44,558 Kandy 8,022 7,891 15,913 2,936 2,851 5,787 0 0 0 10,958 10,742 21,700 Matale 3,728 3,598 7,326 898 818 1,716 0 0 0 4,626 4,416 9,042 Nuwara Eliya 2,565 2,531 5,096 4,380 4,340 8,720 0 0 0 6,945 6,871 13,816

Southern 20,925 19,948 40,873 637 597 1,234 0 0 0 21,562 20,545 42,107 Galle 8,576 8,110 16,686 195 220 415 0 0 0 8,771 8,330 17,101 Matara 6,547 6,109 12,656 346 270 616 0 0 0 6,893 6,379 13,272 Hambantota 5,802 5,729 11,531 96 107 203 0 0 0 5,898 5,836 11,734

Northern 292 240 532 8,587 8,301 16,888 0 0 0 8,879 8,541 17,420 Jaffna 0 0 0 3,986 3,896 7,882 0 0 0 3,986 3,896 7,882 Kilinochchi 0 0 0 1,149 1,095 2,244 0 0 0 1,149 1,095 2,244 Mannar 0 0 0 1,104 1,051 2,155 0 0 0 1,104 1,051 2,155 Mullaitivu 109 81 190 1,020 976 1,996 0 0 0 1,129 1,057 2,186 Vavuniya 183 159 342 1,328 1,283 2,611 0 0 0 1,511 1,442 2,953

Eastern 3,217 3,216 6,433 12,042 11,542 23,584 0 0 0 15,259 14,758 30,017 Batticaloa 23 30 53 4,880 4,715 9,595 0 0 0 4,903 4,745 9,648 Ampara 2,244 2,272 4,516 4,224 4,033 8,257 0 0 0 6,468 6,305 12,773 Trincomalee 950 914 1,864 2,938 2,794 5,732 0 0 0 3,888 3,708 7,596

North Western 17,958 17,359 35,317 3,242 3,207 6,449 0 0 0 21,200 20,566 41,766 Kurunegala 12,842 12,547 25,389 1,221 1,226 2,447 0 0 0 14,063 13,773 27,836 Puttalam 5,116 4,812 9,928 2,021 1,981 4,002 0 0 0 7,137 6,793 13,930

North Central 11,623 11,185 22,808 1,355 1,300 2,655 0 0 0 12,978 12,485 25,463 Anuradhapura 8,037 7,766 15,803 907 899 1,806 0 0 0 8,944 8,665 17,609 Polonnaruwa 3,586 3,419 7,005 448 401 849 0 0 0 4,034 3,820 7,854

Uva 9,765 9,611 19,376 2,329 2,299 4,628 0 0 0 12,094 11,910 24,004 Badulla 5,316 5,142 10,458 2,093 2,050 4,143 0 0 0 7,409 7,192 14,601 Moneragala 4,449 4,469 8,918 236 249 485 0 0 0 4,685 4,718 9,403

Sabaragamuwa 13,889 13,631 27,520 2,276 2,234 4,510 0 0 0 16,165 15,865 32,030 Ratnapura 8,361 8,227 16,588 1,084 1,076 2,160 0 0 0 9,445 9,303 18,748 Kegalle 5,528 5,404 10,932 1,192 1,158 2,350 0 0 0 6,720 6,562 13,282

Total 124,610 120,661 245,271 42,143 41,218 83,361 0 0 0 166,753 161,879 328,632

(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Education 149 Socio-economic services

Table 13.12 Government Schools by Type, Pupils and Teachers – 2017 & 2018

Schools Pupils Teachers Types of Schools Pupils per having classes No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage Teacher

Year 2017 GCE (A/L) Science (1AB) 1,029 10.1 1,657,886 39.8 80,520 33.3 20.6 GCE (A/L) Arts/Commerce (Other than Science) (1C) 1,818 17.8 1,033,277 24.8 62,052 25.7 16.7 Upto year 11 (Type 2) 3,287 32.2 793,746 19.1 61,593 25.5 12.9 From years 1 to 5 or years 1 to 8 (Type 3) 4,060 39.8 681,055 16.3 37,426 15.5 18.2 All Government Schools 10,194 100.0 4,165,964 100.0 241,591 100.0 17.2

Year 2018(a) GCE (A/L) Science (1AB) 1,044 10.2 1,723,648 41.4 82,553 34.2 20.9 GCE (A/L) Arts/Commerce (Other than Science) (1C) 1,856 18.2 1,044,769 25.1 64,248 26.6 16.3 Upto year 11 (Type 2) 3,218 31.6 764,248 18.3 62,040 25.7 12.3 From years 1 to 5 or years 1 to 8 (Type 3) 4,057 39.8 682,107 16.4 38,493 15.9 17.7 All Government Schools 10,175 99.8 4,214,772 101.2 247,334 102.4 17.0

(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Education

Table 13.13 Performance of Candidates – GCE (O/L)(a) and GCE (A/L) – 2013 - 2018 Numbers

Item 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

School candidates sat for GCE (O/L) 287,040 277,414 290,929 286,251 312,464 308,843 Percentage of qualifying for GCE (A/L) 64.21 66.55 67.15 69.94 71.03 73.31

All candidates sat for GCE (O/L) 308,054 298,549 314,635 293,218 326,424 328,464 Percentage of qualifying for GCE (A/L) 62.42 64.51 64.81 69.68 70.11 71.66

School candidates sat for GCE (A/L) 209,906 207,304 210,340 211,865 206,630 218,191

School candidates qualifying to enter University 122,913 126,971 131,137 134,238 136,421 141,172

Percentage of qualifying to enter University 58.56 61.25 62.35 63.36 66.02 64.70

All candidates sat for GCE (A/L) 246,680 247,376 255,191 258,193 253,330 267,111

All candidates qualifying to enter University 143,695 149,489 155,447 160,520 163,104 167,907

Percentage of qualifying to enter University 58.25 60.43 60.91 62.17 64.38 62.86

(a) 5 or more subjects. Source : Department of Examinations 150 Socio-economic services

Table 13.14 GCE (O/L) Examination – 2015 - 2018 Performance of School Candidates

2015 2016 2017 2018

Qualified for Qualified for Qualified for Qualified for Province No. Sat No. Sat No. Sat No. Sat (5 or more GCE (A/L) (5 or more GCE (A/L) (5 or more GCE (A/L) (5 or more GCE (A/L) subjects) subjects) subjects) subjects) No. % No. % No. % No. %

Western 76,264 54,023 70.84 75,414 54,994 72.92 81,560 59,484 72.93 80,525 60,564 75.21 Central 37,557 24,134 64.26 37,665 25,932 68.85 41,114 28,501 69.32 41,621 29,244 70.26 Southern 36,586 26,735 73.07 34,994 26,828 76.66 37,539 29,162 77.68 37,708 29,839 79.13 Northern 19,400 11,113 57.28 17,413 10,562 60.66 19,877 12,490 62.84 17,974 12,000 66.76 Eastern 22,807 14,169 62.13 23,744 14,617 61.56 25,599 16,927 66.12 25,017 17,186 68.70 North Western 33,473 22,687 67.78 33,833 23,896 70.63 36,330 26,441 72.78 35,789 27,045 75.57 North Central 17,980 11,584 64.43 19,041 12,632 66.34 20,908 14,177 67.81 20,469 14,516 70.92 Uva 20,042 12,708 63.41 18,558 12,630 68.06 20,947 14,089 67.26 20,956 14,678 70.04 Sabaragamuwa 26,820 18,205 67.88 25,589 18,117 70.80 28,590 20,685 72.35 28,784 21,345 74.16

Sri Lanka 290,929 195,358 67.15 286,251 200,208 69.94 312,464 221,956 71.03 308,843 226,417 73.31

Source : Department of Examinations

Table 13.15 GCE (A/L) Examination – 2015 - 2018 Performance of School Candidates

2015 2016 2017 2018

Qualified for Qualified for Qualified for Qualified for University University University University Province No. Sat Entrance No. Sat Entrance No. Sat Entrance No. Sat Entrance

No. % No. % No. % No. %

Western 56,521 35,516 62.84 57,254 36,860 64.38 55,573 36,898 66.40 58,933 38,746 65.75 Central 26,046 15,967 61.30 26,654 16,524 61.99 26,633 17,509 65.74 27,716 17,211 62.10 Southern 29,945 18,668 62.34 29,620 18,894 63.79 29,581 19,367 65.47 31,670 20,502 64.74 Northern 12,684 8,274 65.23 12,327 7,955 64.53 11,591 7,925 68.37 12,265 8,007 65.28 Eastern 14,658 9,043 61.69 14,979 9,292 62.03 14,551 9,089 62.46 15,201 9,212 60.60 North Western 24,032 14,455 60.15 23,833 14,661 61.52 22,929 15,257 66.54 24,344 16,253 66.76 North Central 11,910 7,094 59.56 12,307 7,294 59.27 12,130 7,643 63.01 12,581 7,829 62.23 Uva 14,093 8,852 62.81 14,393 9,110 63.29 13,613 9,157 67.27 14,527 9,400 64.71 Sabaragamuwa 20,451 13,268 64.88 20,498 13,648 66.58 20,029 13,576 67.78 20,954 14,012 66.87

Sri Lanka 210,340 131,137 62.35 211,865 134,238 63.36 206,630 136,421 66.02 218,191 141,172 64.70

Source : Department of Examinations 151 Socio-economic services

Table 13.16 University Education(a) 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(b)

No. of Universities 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 No. of other Higher Educational Institutions(c) 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 No. of Students (Undergraduates) 82,375 86,216 92,572 88,713(d) 97,119 104,455 109,182 110,287 116,296 122,767 University 68,768 70,477 74,440 70,222 77,126 80,222 83,778 84,451 88,527 94,681 Institutes 2,703 2,921 3,217 3,073 3,254 3,317 3,307 3,290 3,423 3,633 Open University 10,904 12,818 14,915 15,418 16,739 20,916 22,097 22,546 24,346 24,453 No. of Lecturers 4,419 4,341 4,513 4,718 4,921 5,024 5,199 5,440 5,669 5,940 University 3,938 3,865 4,021 4,223 4,411 4,502 4,661 4,863 5,095 5,327 Institutes 204 211 217 219 221 234 242 268 270 293 Open University 277 265 275 276 289 288 296 309 304 320 New Admissions for basic Degrees(e) 20,846 21,547 22,016 28,908(f)(g) 24,198(h) 25200 25,676 29,083 30,668 31,451 No. Graduated(i) 13,952 13,042 16,686 11,614(j) 20,839 29243 29,545 28,808 26,015 31,376 Arts & Oriental Studies – B.A./B.A. Special 4,830 4,432 6,940 5,330 9,156 14,651 16,387 14,082 10,305 14,310 Commerce & Mgt. Studies – B.Sc./B.Com./B.B.A. 2,705 2,704 2,791 1,992 4,159 5,982 5,152 5,630 5,648 6,355 Law L.L.B. 425 392 348 445 454 496 337 414 627 706 Science B.Sc.(k) 2,573 2,028 2,651 1,443 3,180 2,740 2,711 3,027 3,142 3,211 Engineering B.Sc. (Eng.) 1,157 1,307 1,346 167 1,507 1,438 1,344 1,617 1,713 1,979 Medicine M.B.B.S. 943 797 1,061 800 547 1,209 1,145 1,135 1,176 1,174 Dental Surgery B.D.S. 71 64 65 20 73 68 79 91 148 148 Agriculture B.Sc. 513 540 595 515 727 867 710 799 742 995 Veterinary Science B.V. Sc. 39 60 58 54 59 57 69 73 79 106 Architecture and Quantity Surveying B.Sc. 200 118 211 150 201 214 77 224 355 410 Computer Science/ IT/ICT/MIT 382 392 439 561 644 947 1,043 946 1,153 1,056 Indigenous Medicine 114 208 181 137 132 175 227 169 186 186 Paramedical Studies – – – – – 399 264 601 741 740 Expenditure on Higher Education, Rs.Mn.(l) 13,692 15,018 19,700 21,806 27,838 36,937 40,583 48,914 51,935 50,033 Capital Expenditure 2,648 2,666 3,788 4,941 6,183 11,200 9,735 14,719 14,578 14,098 Recurrent Expenditure 11,044 12,352 14,307 16,865 21,655 25,737 30,848 34,195 37,357 35,935

Source : University Grants Commission

(a) Information given herein are only with regard to Universities and higher educational institutes established under the Universities Act. In addition, there are universities established under various other acts of Parliament, such as Buddhasravaka Bhikshu University, Buddhist and Pali University of Sri Lanka, General Sir John Kothalawala Defence University and University of Vocational Technology. (b) Provisional (c) Includes postgraduate institutes and higher educational institutions which are under UGC. Out of these institutions only 4 institutions namely Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo School of Computing, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute and Swamy Vipulananda Institute of Aesthetic Studies admit students for undergraduate programmes under the UGC intake. (d) In year 2012, student enrolment has been decreased compared to the year 2011 due to new intake (2011 A/L) of students was not admitted. However, the decrease is not significant as the final exams and academic terms of some universities were not completed due to Academic and Non-Academic strikes in 2012. (e) Excluding the Open University of Sri Lanka and external degree courses. (f) Including 5,182 students admitted in addition to the normal intake due to court cases filed before the Supreme Court challenging the methodology used to calculate the Z-score. (g) Admission in 2012 includes the intake from the 2011 GCE (A/L) but has been admitted only in 2013, while the admissions in 2013 shows the undergraduates admitted in the First Quarter of 2014. (h) Shows the number of undergraduates admitted in 1st Quarter of 2014 which is relevant to the year 2013 [intake of GCE (A/L) – 2012]. (i) Includes External & Open University also. (j) Number graduated has been decreased in 2012 as final exams were not been held in several faculties due to Academic and Non-Academic strikes in 2012. (k) From 2007 onwards, Food Science graduates are included under B.Sc. Science. (l) Total expenditure on University Education provides actual expenditure including generated income and other projects for the year 2016 while 2017 figures are provisional and are based on only the government grant released to HEIs. 152 Socio-economic services

Table 13.17 Eligibility, Admission and Enrollment of Students for University Education(a) Academic Year 2012/13 – 2017/18

2012 / 2013 2013/ 2014 2014/ 2015

Eligible(b) Admitted % Eligible(b) Admitted % Eligible(b) Admitted %

Arts Male 17,408 1,539 8.8 16,943 1,589 9.4 17,078 1,577 9.2 Female 51,695 6,456 12.5 51,352 6,638 12.9 51,487 7,040 13.7 Total 69,103 7,995 11.6 68,295 8,227 12.1 68,565 8,617 12.6 Commerce Male 18,179 2,063 11.3 16,332 2,085 12.8 17,505 2,043 11.7 Female 22,353 2,903 13.0 21,412 3,140 14.7 23,097 3,256 14.1 Total 40,532 4,966 12.3 37,744 5,225 13.8 40,602 5,299 13.1 Science Male 15,292 5,178 33.9 16,599 5,796 34.9 17,561 6,036 34.4 Female 19,166 5,994 31.3 20,118 5,860 29.1 21,492 5,567 25.9 Total 34,458 11,172 32.4 36,717 11,656 31.8 39,053 11,603 29.7 Other(c) Male 192 25 13.0 309 36 11.7 435 51 11.7 Female 531 40 7.5 675 56 8.3 917 73 7.96 Total 723 65 9.0 984 92 9.4 1352 124 9.2 Total Male 51,071 8,805 17.2 50,183 9,506 18.9 52,579 9,707 18.5 Female 93,745 15,393 16.4 93,557 15,694 16.8 96,993 15,936 16.4 Total 144,816 24,198 16.7 143,740 25,200 17.5 149,572 25,643 17.1

2015 / 2016 2016 / 2017 2017 / 2018

Eligible(b) Admitted % Eligible(b) Admitted % Eligible(b) Admitted(d) %

Arts Male 15,709 1,756 11.2 14,798 1,676 11.3 15,612 1,727 11.1 Female 49,802 8,135 16.3 49,420 7,742 15.7 52,922 8,196 15.5 Total 65,511 9,891 15.1 64,218 9,418 14.7 68,534 9,923 14.5 Commerce Male 16,868 2,010 11.9 15,480 2,053 13.3 16,135 2,241 13.9 Female 24,050 3,431 14.3 23,288 3,740 16.1 23,130 3,938 17.0 Total 40,918 5,441 13.3 38,768 5,793 14.9 39,265 6,179 15.7 Science Male 17,774 5,797 32.6 19,197 6,441 33.6 18,327 6,121 33.4 Female 22,912 5,865 25.6 24,890 6,614 26.6 24,451 6,555 26.8 Total 40,686 11,662 28.7 44,087 13,055 29.6 42,778 12,676 29.6 Engineering Male 3,214 870 27.1 5,775 1,032 17.9 5,305 1,130 21.3 Technology(e) Female 733 260 35.5 936 183 19.6 864 179 20.7 Total 3,947 1,130 28.6 6,711 1,215 18.1 6,169 1,309 21.2 Biosystem Male 661 138 20.9 1,242 172 13.9 1,193 231 19.4 Technology(e) Female 2,245 583 26.0 3,471 685 19.7 3,110 727 23.4 Total 2,906 721 24.8 4,713 857 18.2 4,303 958 22.3 Other(c) Male 565 130 23.0 851 182 21.4 896 196 21.9 Female 1,017 80 7.9 1,169 142 12.2 1,215 174 14.3 Total 1,582 210 13.3 2,020 324 16.0 2,111 370 17.5 Total Male 54,791 10,701 19.5 57,343 11,556 20.2 57,468 11,646 20.3 Female 100,759 18,354 18.2 103,174 19,106 18.5 105,692 19,769 18.7 Total 155,550 29,055 18.7 160,517 30,662 19.1 163,160 31,415 19.3

Note : Undergraduate enrollment is based on the calender year and admission is based on Source : University Grants Commission academic years relevant to their GCE (A/L) Examinations. (a) Information given herein are only with regard to Universities and Higher Educational Institutes established under the Universities Act. (b) ‘Eligible’ refers to all the candidates who attained the minimum requirements laid down by the UGC for admission to the Universities at the GCE (A/L) examination. (c) ‘Other’ refers to the odd subject combinations introduced from GCE (A/L) 2011. (d) Excludes 36 students who admitted under foreign intake and teachers intake. (e) The Technology Stream are offered from academic year 2015/2016. 153 Socio-economic services

Table 13.18 University Admissions by Province and District Academic Year 2010/11 – 2017/18

Province / District 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18

Western 5,517 7,147 6,466 6,863 6,869 7,571 8,248 8,432 Colombo 2,874 3,410 3,139 3,322 3,252 3,605 3,994 4,089 Gampaha 1,618 2,187 1,969 2,172 2,206 2,475 2,662 2,682 Kalutara 1,025 1,550 1,358 1,369 1,411 1,491 1,592 1,661

Central 2,123 2,794 2,494 2,512 2,548 2,770 3,224 3,232 Kandy 1,311 1,671 1,517 1,532 1,579 1,656 1,892 550 Matale 322 504 446 421 421 457 555 1,883 Nuwara Eliya 490 619 531 559 548 657 777 799

Southern 3,497 4,503 3,754 4,047 4,042 3,898 4,525 4,346 Galle 1,543 2,055 1,512 1,776 1,865 1,606 1,924 1,851 Matara 1,228 1,464 1,390 1,402 1,310 1,359 1,575 1,482 Hambantota 726 984 852 869 867 933 1,026 1,013

Northern 1,526 2,139 1,576 1,567 1,589 1,851 2,039 2,105 Jaffna 885 1,265 881 902 950 1,121 1,190 1,220 Kilinochchi 168 203 153 165 146 164 209 213 Mannar 138 207 163 151 143 171 198 233 Mullaitivu 195 196 158 151 139 157 179 184 Vavuniya 140 268 221 198 211 238 263 255

Eastern 1,364 1,883 1,597 1,676 1,667 2,086 2,307 2,340 Batticaloa 456 642 515 542 572 717 785 773 Ampara 609 819 705 709 699 859 939 994 Trincomalee 299 422 377 425 396 510 583 573

North Western 2,189 2,958 2,447 2,457 2,520 2,761 3,142 3,308 Kurunegala 1,600 2,154 1,755 1,767 1,804 1,934 2,198 2,365 Puttalam 589 804 692 690 716 827 944 943

North Central 992 1,374 1,186 1,294 1,327 1,472 1,154 1,699 Anuradhapura 714 972 830 935 966 1,054 1,097 1,212 Polonnaruwa 278 402 356 359 361 418 457 487

Uva 1,034 1,526 1,271 1,388 1,380 1,558 1,770 1,813 Badulla 674 985 812 898 898 1,063 1,170 1,198 Moneragala 360 541 459 490 482 495 600 615

Sabaragamuwa 2,032 2,620 2,152 2,376 2,401 2,574 2,887 2,866 Ratnapura 1,178 1,488 1,242 1,375 1,368 1,465 1,719 1,720 Kegalle 854 1,132 910 1,001 1,033 1,109 1,168 1,146

Special Additional Intake(a) 1,742(b) 1,964 1,255 1,020 1,333 2,542 972 1,310

Total 22,016 28,908 24,198 25,200 25,676 29,083 30,668 31,451

Note : Information given herein are only with regard to universities and Higher Source : University Grants Commission Educational Institutes established under the Universities Act.

(a) ‘Special and Additional Intake’ refers to the students admitted on the basis of Special Categories such as blind and differently abled, excelled in fields other than studies, armed forces, foreign, teachers, etc., on the recommendation of the Appeals Committee and the Aditional Intake, for special subjects such as Japanies, English, History, etc., where district has not been taken into account for selection. (b) Students admitted under Supplementary Intake are added to this. 154 Socio-economic services

Table 13.19(A) University Admissions by Academic Stream and District – Academic Year 2016/17

Management and Arts(a) Law Science(b) Medicine Veterinary Science Dentistry District Commerce A B A B A B A B A B A B A B

Colombo 476 54 603 352 39 22 614 353 139 81 12 5 16 6 Gampaha 530 50 268 340 10 21 217 349 29 79 0 4 0 4 Kalutara 426 27 105 183 8 11 156 187 25 42 0 2 0 2 Kandy 439 47 111 209 7 13 208 216 34 48 5 3 0 3 Matale 132 21 33 76 0 5 16 75 3 17 0 1 0 1 Nuwara Eliya 184 23 34 132 1 8 5 130 0 30 0 2 0 2 Galle 509 24 185 161 13 10 197 165 53 37 7 2 10 2 Matara 360 22 110 123 8 8 203 122 44 28 5 2 2 2 Hambantota 272 13 39 113 4 7 102 114 16 26 0 2 0 2 Jaffna 295 44 28 114 0 7 66 114 28 29 0 3 0 2 Kilinochchi 63 12 4 26 0 1 0 30 2 5 0 1 0 1 Mannar 53 12 1 25 2 1 0 36 1 5 0 1 0 1 Mullaitivu 51 13 2 24 0 1 0 29 1 4 0 1 0 1 Vavuniya 55 15 10 37 1 2 2 39 10 7 0 1 0 1 Batticaloa 251 32 24 97 4 6 13 99 7 22 0 1 0 1 Ampara 292 49 22 123 0 8 24 121 7 28 0 2 0 2 Trincomalee 203 28 13 73 2 4 1 72 5 16 0 1 0 1 Kurunegala 673 44 142 247 6 15 136 250 38 56 0 3 0 3 Puttalam 280 27 50 139 6 9 12 140 5 33 0 2 0 2 Anuradhapura 294 28 58 161 2 10 17 161 7 37 0 2 0 2 Polonnaruwa 97 10 29 77 1 5 0 76 1 17 0 1 0 1 Badulla 308 43 39 155 5 9 70 155 12 35 0 2 0 2 Moneragala 181 10 49 86 3 5 4 86 0 19 0 1 0 1 Ratnapura 471 33 127 199 9 12 110 205 40 46 0 3 0 3 Kegalle 376 28 79 126 7 8 87 127 7 29 0 2 0 2 Special and Additional Intake(c) 0 722 0 55 0 2 0 86 0 16 0 1 0 2 Total 7,271 1,431 2,165 3,453 138 210 2,260 3,537 514 792 29 51 28 52

Architecture/ Computer (f) Agriculture Engineering (d) (e) Other Courses Total Total District Quan. Surveying Science Admissions A B A B A B A B A B A B

Colombo 80 90 208 110 54 35 159 99 167 220 2,567 1,427 3,994 Gampaha 29 91 42 109 9 22 32 96 119 212 1,285 1,377 2,662 Kalutara 34 46 27 58 5 13 15 50 55 115 856 736 1,592 Kandy 62 54 59 67 15 22 28 60 48 134 1,016 876 1,892 Matale 6 22 11 24 0 6 4 22 34 46 239 316 555 Nuwara Eliya 4 34 2 42 1 8 4 33 17 81 252 525 777 Galle 64 42 62 51 13 16 65 45 90 101 1,268 656 1,924 Matara 54 31 70 39 12 9 68 33 144 76 1,080 495 1,575 Hambantota 20 29 30 36 2 6 34 31 63 65 582 444 1,026 Jaffna 52 36 58 36 14 7 56 30 112 59 709 481 1,190 Kilinochchi 2 13 1 8 0 3 0 11 9 17 81 128 209 Mannar 1 14 0 8 0 4 1 10 7 15 66 132 198 Mullaitivu 0 13 1 7 0 3 0 10 3 15 58 121 179 Vavuniya 4 14 4 12 0 4 0 14 7 24 93 170 263 Batticaloa 7 25 9 31 0 5 17 28 51 55 383 402 785 Ampara 11 31 8 39 2 7 26 30 35 72 427 512 939 Trincomalee 4 22 5 23 2 6 6 20 30 46 271 312 583 Kurunegala 43 61 49 77 3 21 22 68 92 149 1,204 994 2,198 Puttalam 5 35 5 45 0 7 3 33 19 87 385 559 944 Anuradhapura 21 42 2 51 0 7 12 44 41 98 454 643 1,097 Polonnaruwa 1 22 2 25 1 4 1 21 17 48 150 307 457 Badulla 12 40 19 47 0 8 12 44 60 93 537 633 1,170 Moneragala 1 23 3 28 0 5 6 22 17 50 264 336 600 Ratnapura 33 50 19 64 0 8 26 49 87 125 922 797 1,719 Kegalle 26 31 14 40 3 10 10 35 44 77 653 515 1,168 Special and Additional Intake(c) 0 22 0 21 0 4 0 17 0 24 0 972 972 Total 576 933 710 1,098 136 250 607 955 1,368 2,104 15,802 14,866 30,668

(Contd.) A – Merit B – Other (students admitted under district quota and underprivileged district quota) Note : Information given herein are only with regard to Universities and Higher Educational Institutes established under the Source : University Grants Commission Universities Act. (a) 1. Arts – Arts / Social Science and Humanities, Mass Media / Visual and performing Arts. (d) Includes all other courses conducted in the Architecture Faculty such as Design, 2. Admission to Arts degree programme is purely on merit however, policy ensures the number selected Town & Country Planning, Landscape Architecture and Facilities Management. from each district to be not less than the number admitted in 1993/94 or 2002/03, whichever is greater. (e) Includes the Management & Information Technology, Information Technology, This adjustment is shown under the Other Courses category. Information & Communication Technology, Information Technology & Management, Computation & Management, Business Information Systems, etc. (b) Includes Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, Food Sciences, Fisheries & Marine Sciences and Physical Education courses. (f) Other Courses – Fashion Design/Transport & Logistic Management, Indigenous Medicine, Paramedical Studies. Paramedical Studies includes Nursing, Pharmacy, (c) “Special & Additional Intake” refers to the students admitted on the basis of Special Categories such as Medical Laboratories Sciences, Radiography, Physiotherapy and Speech & Hearing Blind and Differently abled, excelled in fields other than Studies, Armed Forces, Foreign, Teachers, etc., on Sciences. the recommendation of the Appeals Committee and Additional Intakes for special subjects in Arts such as Japanies, English, History, etc. 155 Socio-economic services

Table 13.19 (B) University Admissions by Academic Stream and District – Academic Year 2017/18

Management and Arts(a) Law Science(b) Medicine Veterinary Science Dentistry District Commerce A B A B A B A B A B A B A B

Colombo 451 60 667 367 45 23 564 311 178 90 16 5 26 5 Gampaha 524 56 264 360 12 22 185 308 33 89 0 4 0 4 Kalutara 435 31 129 191 8 12 157 162 21 47 0 2 0 2 Kandy 418 54 129 219 17 14 183 188 61 54 1 3 0 3 Matale 116 20 28 79 1 5 25 68 5 19 0 1 0 1 Nuwara Eliya 179 31 39 137 1 9 2 117 2 34 0 2 0 2 Galle 451 28 186 168 2 10 189 143 47 41 7 2 0 2 Matara 372 20 113 128 2 8 151 109 28 32 2 2 1 2 Hambantota 233 16 36 119 4 7 82 102 16 29 2 2 0 2 Jaffna 315 40 40 117 8 7 66 112 28 29 0 3 0 2 Kilinochchi 55 15 4 27 0 1 0 27 4 6 0 1 0 1 Mannar 72 10 5 27 0 1 0 34 1 5 0 1 0 1 Mullaitivu 51 11 2 24 0 1 1 28 0 4 0 1 0 1 Vavuniya 42 15 11 38 0 2 1 36 6 8 0 1 0 1 Batticaloa 249 36 19 102 0 6 12 90 8 25 0 1 0 1 Ampara 338 47 33 129 1 8 5 109 11 32 0 2 0 2 Trincomalee 172 32 22 77 0 5 4 64 10 19 0 1 0 1 Kurunegala 703 40 180 255 17 16 169 217 45 63 0 3 1 3 Puttalam 247 22 46 148 0 9 16 123 11 37 0 2 0 2 Anuradhapura 386 31 59 170 8 11 7 143 5 42 0 2 0 2 Polonnaruwa 127 12 28 80 1 5 0 70 0 20 0 1 0 1 Badulla 338 32 58 160 5 10 46 147 15 39 0 2 0 2 Moneragala 184 12 44 90 2 6 4 78 2 22 0 1 0 1 Ratnapura 525 38 107 211 10 13 64 178 25 52 0 3 0 3 Kegalle 369 26 87 131 3 8 65 113 16 33 0 2 0 2 Special and Additional Intake(c) 0 1,056 0 59 0 2 0 72 0 35 0 2 0 2 Total 7,352 1,791 2,336 3,613 147 221 1,998 3,149 578 906 28 52 28 51

Architecture/ Computer (f) Agriculture Engineering (d) (e) Other Courses Total Total District Quan. Surveying Science Admissions A B A B A B A B A B A B

Colombo 116 104 181 114 43 36 167 95 195 230 2,649 1440 4,089 Gampaha 42 105 65 112 10 24 31 99 114 219 1,280 1402 2,682 Kalutara 48 53 26 59 4 9 30 50 64 121 922 739 1,661 Kandy 53 63 50 70 8 26 31 62 38 138 989 894 1,883 Matale 12 24 7 25 1 5 6 22 30 50 231 319 550 Nuwara Eliya 6 38 9 43 1 8 5 32 18 84 262 537 799 Galle 66 48 81 52 15 12 63 46 90 102 1,197 654 1,851 Matara 58 35 68 40 12 11 60 30 121 77 988 494 1,482 Hambantota 36 32 33 37 5 4 35 30 81 70 563 450 1,013 Jaffna 37 39 49 37 11 9 70 30 108 63 732 488 1,220 Kilinochchi 1 15 4 9 1 3 0 11 11 17 80 133 213 Mannar 2 16 1 8 0 4 1 12 15 17 97 136 233 Mullaitivu 1 15 1 7 0 3 0 10 8 15 64 120 184 Vavuniya 3 17 1 12 0 4 1 15 17 24 82 173 255 Batticaloa 6 29 7 32 0 5 10 28 50 57 361 412 773 Ampara 7 35 9 40 2 6 25 34 41 78 472 522 994 Trincomalee 2 24 3 24 0 4 6 20 34 49 253 320 573 Kurunegala 66 73 52 79 5 19 33 70 96 160 1,367 998 2,365 Puttalam 10 45 9 46 1 7 6 37 25 94 371 572 943 Anuradhapura 9 48 11 53 1 7 6 46 58 107 550 662 1,212 Polonnaruwa 0 24 1 25 0 4 1 20 16 51 174 313 487 Badulla 17 46 24 49 5 8 6 44 45 100 559 639 1,198 Moneragala 1 26 3 28 0 4 1 23 29 54 270 345 615 Ratnapura 34 59 24 65 7 11 16 54 95 126 907 813 1,146 Kegalle 25 35 12 41 4 12 8 35 36 83 625 521 1,720 Special and Additional Intake(c) 0 21 0 23 0 3 0 14 0 21 0 1,310 1,310 Total 658 1,069 731 1,130 136 248 618 969 1,435 2,207 16,045 15,406 31,451

A – Merit B – Other (students admitted under district quota and underprivileged district quota) Source : University Grants Commission Note : Information given herein are only with regard to Universities and Higher Educational Institutes established under the Universities Act. (a) 1. Arts – Arts / Social Science and Humanities, Mass Media / Visual and performing Arts. (d) Includes all other courses conducted in the Architecture Faculty such as Design, 2. Admission to Arts degree programme is purely on merit however, policy ensures the number selected Town & Country Planning, Landscape Architecture and Facilities Management. from each district to be not less than the number admitted in 1993/94 or 2002/03, whichever is greater. (e) Includes the Management & Information Technology, Information Technology, This adjustment is shown under the Other Courses category. Information & Communication Technology, Information Technology & Management, Computation & Management, Business Information Systems, etc. (b) Includes Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, Food Sciences, Fisheries & Marine Sciences and Physical Education courses. (f) Other Courses – Fashion Design/Transport & Logistic Management, Indigenous Medicine, Paramedical Studies. Paramedical Studies includes Nursing, Pharmacy, (c) “Special & Additional Intake” refers to the students admitted on the basis of Special Categories such as Medical Laboratories Sciences, Radiography, Physiotherapy and Speech & Hearing Blind and Differently abled, excelled in fields other than Studies, Armed Forces, Foreign, Teachers, etc., on Sciences. the recommendation of the Appeals Committee and Additional Intakes for special subjects in Arts such as Japanies, English, History, etc. 156 Socio-economic services

Table 13.20 University Admissions by Academic Stream and Ethnicity Academic Year 2014/2015 – 2017/2018

Management Ethnicity Arts Law Science(a) Medicine Dentistry and Commerce

Sinhalese 2014/15 5,736 4,298 289 4,130 997 67 2015/16 5,605 4,455 279 4,221 1,009 66 2016/17 5,907 4,763 286 4,891 1,042 63 2017/18 6,187 4,987 279 4,313 1,169 65 Tamil 2014/15 1,238 526 33 449 145 9 2015/16 1,869 495 38 458 164 7 2016/17 1,532 566 34 529 155 11 2017/18 1,507 620 43 484 164 8 Moor 2014/15 965 190 26 312 92 4 2015/16 1,601 210 28 310 83 5 2016/17 1,224 268 27 355 100 6 2017/18 1,388 320 43 338 128 6 Other 2014/15 27 16 2 3 21 0 2015/16 54 15 3 19 1 2 2016/17 37 21 1 21 7 0 2017/18 48 22 43 338 128 6 Total 2014/15 7,966 5,030 350 4,894 1,255 80 2015/16 9,129 5,175 348 5,008 1,257 80 2016/17 8,700 5,618 348 5,796 1,304 80 2017/18 9,130 5,949 368 5,147 1,464 79

Veterinary Architecture/ Computer Sc./ Ethnicity Agriculture Engineering Other(d) Total Science Quan. Surv.(b) MIT/IT/ICT(c)

Sinhalese 2014/15 85 1,213 1,331 287 1,055 827 20,433 2015/16 66 1,163 1,464 312 1,075 903 21,935 2016/17 65 1,206 1,485 314 1,186 1,104 22,360 2017/18 68 1,378 1,554 311 1,196 2,814 24,321 Tamil 2014/15 11 175 194 58 192 173 3,834 2015/16 13 191 223 39 207 133 3,633 2016/17 11 206 232 54 229 185 3,743 2017/18 10 222 211 54 241 466 4,030 Moor 2014/15 3 107 74 17 117 166 2,721 2015/16 1 76 75 13 133 132 2,410 2016/17 4 94 87 18 139 159 2,724 2017/18 2 124 89 18 145 356 2,957 Other 2014/15 0 2 4 2 4 4 110 2015/16 1 1 2 1 6 6 104 2016/17 0 3 3 0 8 8 607 2017/18 0 3 5 0 5 6 107 Total 2014/15 99 1,497 1,603 364 1,368 1,170 27,098 2015/16 81 1,431 1,764 365 1,421 1,171 28,079 2016/17 80 1,509 1,807 386 1,562 1,456 28,937 2017/18 80 1,727 1,859 383 1,587 3,642 31,415

Note : Information given herein are only with regard to Universities and Higher Educational Source : University Grants Commission Institutes established under the Universities Act.

(a) Includes Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, Surveying Science, Food Sciences, Fisheries & Marine Sciences and Physical Education courses. (b) Includes all other courses conducted in the Architecture Faculty such as Design, Town & Country Planning, Landscape Architecture and Facilities Management. (c) Includes the Management & Information Technology, Information Technology, Information & Communication Technology, Information Technology and Management, Computation & Management, Business Information Systems, Information Systems, Computer Science and Technology, etc. (d) Includes Indigenous Medicine, Paramedical Studies and Fashion Design / Transport and Logistic Management. 157 Socio-economic services

Table 13.21 Technical Colleges 2012 – 2018

College of Technology(a) Technical College Total Course Year Intake Enrolment Intake Enrolment Intake Enrolment

Advance Diploma 2012 785 1,169 23 23 808 1,192 (NVQ Level 5 & 6) 2013 943 1,178 22 22 965 1,200 2014 1,631 2,170 377 478 2,008 2,648 2015 1,512 2,636 292 578 1,804 3,214 2016 1,729 3,143 382 630 2,111 3,773 2017 2,127 3,866 707 966 2,834 4,832 2018(b)(c) 390 635 362 409 752 1,044

National Diploma 2012 145 212 86 157 231 369 (Non-NVQ) 2013 166 292 85 156 251 448 2014 223 343 – – 223 343 2015 278 449 – – 278 449 2016 262 460 – – 262 460 2017 348 522 25 25 373 547 2018(b)(c) 2,159 4,146 606 994 2,765 5,140

National Certificate 2012 3,307 4,876 5,741 8,387 9,048 13,263 2013 3,546 5,371 6,587 9,478 10,133 14,849 2014 2,888 4,780 6,084 9,023 8,972 13,803 2015 2,652 4,337 5,551 8,177 8,203 12,514 2016 2,698 3,939 5,726 7,843 8,424 11,782 2017 3,229 4,371 5,651 7,527 8,880 11,898 2018(b) 2,477 3,787 3,899 5,685 6,376 9,472

National Craft (Trade) 2012 1,140 1,520 1,975 2,461 3,115 3,981 Certificate 2013 1,236 1,651 1,964 2,412 3,200 4,063 2014 1,259 1,684 2,044 2,593 3,303 4,277 2015 1,059 1,224 1,651 1,916 2,710 3,140 2016 837 1,353 1,600 2,265 2,437 3,618 2017 872 1,302 1,609 2,249 2,481 3,551 2018(b) 795 1,277 1,478 2,166 2,273 3,443

Short Courses 2012 1,992 1,992 4,511 4,511 6,503 6,503 (mainly intended for 2013 2,691 2,691 5,496 5,496 8,187 8,187 self-employment) 2014 2,364 2,364 5,993 5,993 8,357 8,357 2015 2,228 2,228 4,641 4,641 6,869 6,869 2016 4,006 4,006 9,351 9,351 13,357 13,357 2017 5,778 5,778 12,895 12,895 18,673 18,673 2018(b) 5,603 5,603 14,266 14,266 19,869 19,869

Short Courses Offered to 2012 – – – – – – Other Organizations (d) 2013 – – – – – – 2014 – – – – – – 2015 – – – – – – 2016 – – – – – – 2017 93 93 316 316 409 409 2018(b) 39 39 77 77 116 116

Total 2012 7,369 9,769 12,336 15,539 19,705 25,308 2013 8,582 11,183 14,154 17,564 22,736 28,747 2014 8,365 11,341 14,498 18,087 22,863 29,428 2015 7,729 10,874 12,135 15,312 19,864 26,186 2016 9,532 12,901 17,059 20,089 26,591 32,990 2017 12,447 15,932 21,203 23,978 33,650 39,910 2018(b) 11,463 15,487 20,688 23,597 32,151 39,084

NVQ – National Vocational Qualification Source : Department of Technical Education and Training (a) 9 Technical Colleges have been upgraded to the level of “College of Technology” since 2007. (b) Provisional. (c) With the NVQ Framework, all NVQ Level 5 and 6 courses are considered as National Diploma courses. Therefore, for the purpose of preparing this report, NVQ Level 6 courses are considered as "Higher Dip./Diploma©(NVQ5&6)" and NVQ Level 5 courses are considered as "National Diploma". (d) In 2008, 12,273 additional students were enrolled for special vocational training programmes “Waddakil Vasantham Programmes” under the Mahinda Chinthana at College of Technology, Jaffna and LTTE surrenders at Rehabilitation Centres Pallekale, Walikanda. Note : Normally academic year starts in July and will end in June in the following year. Hence, students statistics given here refers to the academic years. 158 Socio-economic services

Table 13.22 Information of Libraries in Sri Lanka 2013, 2015 and 2018

Item 2013 2015 2018

University Libraries 61 60 58 ⎧ Formal – – 3,859 School Libraries ⎨ Temporary – – 2,738 ⎩ Total 5,664 5,958 6,597 Public Libraries 1,135 1,204 1,176 Pirivenas Libraries 738 749 751 Collage of Education Libraries 18 19 19 Teacher Training College Libraries 9 7 8 Technical College Libraries 30 30 30 Colleges of Technology Libraries 9 9 9

Total No. of Libraries 7,664 8,036 8,648

Note: Data on libraries is collected periodically. Source: National Library and Documentation Services Board Thus, the infomormation is available only for the years the data collection process is conducted.

Table 13.23 Libraries in Sri Lanka by Province – 2018

Teacher Colleges School Libraries College of Technical University Public Pirivenas Training of Province Education College Total Libraries Libraries Libraries College Technology Formal Temporary Libraries Libraries Libraries Libraries

Western Province 21 761 372 170 149 6 – 4 1 1,484 Central Province 8 418 489 192 108 3 3 4 1 1,226 Southern Province 5 590 313 154 161 2 2 4 1 1,232 Northern Province 8 240 168 110 2 2 1 2 1 534 Eastern Province 5 312 262 167 23 2 2 5 1 779 North Western Province 2 491 333 174 97 1 – 3 1 1,102 North Central Province 5 301 260 56 57 1 – 1 1 682 Uva Province 1 327 215 69 64 1 – 4 1 682 Sabaragamuwa Province 3 419 326 84 90 1 – 3 1 927 Total 58 3,859 2,738 1,176 751 19 8 30 9 8,648

Source: National Library and Documentation Services Board

Table 13.24 National Library Data of Sri Lanka 2013 – 2018

Item 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Daily membership 7,517 7,867 7,287 4,749 5,735 4,253 Life membership 111 100 150 – 32 113 Three months membership 451 350 350 341 975 651 Annual membership 47 61 56 36 43 87 Free membership provided to mark the National Reading Month 2,940 2,900 2,700 2,208 904 767 Free membership For Senior citizens – – – 226 229 207 Total Number of Members 11,066 11,278 10,543 7,560 7,918 6,078

International Standards Book Numbers (ISBN) 8,993 8,937 9,155 10,602 12,068 10,051 International Standards Serial Numbers (ISSN) 281 250 285 321 241 178 International Standards Music Numbers (ISMN) 27 35 24 12 32 58 Issued Amount of ISBN, ISSN & ISMN 9,301 9,222 9,464 10,935 12,341 10,287

Source: National Library and Documentation Services Board 159 Socio-economic services

Table 13.25 Health Services 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Western Medicine(b) Hospitals 555 568 592 593 603 601 610 610 612 613 Primary Medical Care Units 475 476 475 480 481 484 475 475 506 506 Doctors(c) 14,831 15,283(d) 17,481(d) 18,190 18,610 18,958 20,446(d) 21,469 21,259 21,842 Hospital Beds 68,897 69,501 69,731 73,437 74,636 76,918 76,781 76,829 76,569(e) 76,774 Nurses 25,549 27,494 29,101 30,136 30,928 31,964 32,272 32,499 34,221 36,165 Attendants 8,301 8,189 7,477 8,403 8,091 8,215 8,689 8,268 9,218 n.a. In Patients Treated, ’000 5,474 5,591 n.a. 5,840 5,926 6,120 6,322 6,493 6,910(e) n.a. Out Patients’ Visits, ’000 48,782 49,871 n.a. 50,631 53,861 55,105 54,652 53,044 55,520(e) n.a. Midwives 8,943 8,726 8,748 8,745 8,874 9,022 9,021 8,864 8,532 8,387

Family Planning New Acceptors (No.) 245,013 223,595 208,100 238,016 181,645 127,130 153,901 157,191 168,120 171,397 Loops 52,141 48,350 47,315 73,932 52,917 40,813 44,916 37,517 32,986 29,382 Oral Pills 50,454 45,398 38,433 79,957 43,556 26,644 33,279 27,609 26,080 26,188 Sterilizations 22,091 21,587 19,787 21,109 15,771 11,657 14,419 14,806 16,106 15,783 Injectables 110,966 98,540 87,865 37,886 34,713 8,195 14,491 36,322 49,262 53,208 Implant 9,361 9,720 14,700 25,132 34,688 39,821 46,796 40,937 43,686 46,836

Health Expenditure and Imports Total Expenditure on Health, Rs. Mn. 71,452 73,835 89,237 99,101 119,530 138,403 177,789 186,149 196,820 218,462 Current Expenditure 58,789 60,506 74,443 81,946 99,609 116,151 140,560 155,402 161,312 180,568 Capital Expenditure 12,664 13,329 14,794 17,155 19,920 22,252 37,230 30,747 35,509 37,893 Imports of Medical and Pharmaceutical Products (Govt. & Private), Rs. Mn. 23,199 24,549 38,487 47,537 48,845 49,685 62,498 76,547 79,299 86,546

(a) Provisional Sources : Ministry of Health (b) Public Sector Family Health Bureau (c) Includes Assistant Medical Practitioners Sri Lanka Customs (d) Includes Intern Medical Officers (e) Revised n.a. – Not available

Total Expenditure on Health

240,000

180,000

120,000 Rs. Million

60,000

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 160 Socio-economic services

Table 13.26 Selected Public Health Personnel 1993 – 2017

Reg. / Asst. Public Health Medical Dental Hospital Year Medical Nurses(c) Officers(a) Surgeons(b) Nursing Midwives Officers Inspectors(e) Midwives Sisters(d)

1993 3,713 390 1,305 11,818 109 876 4,361 2,172 1994 4,047 387 1,357 13,060 117 928 4,400 2,214 1995 4,577 421 1,376 13,403 174 932 4,383 2,288 1996 5,117 462 1,397 13,933 189 915 4,352 2,393 1997 5,628 481 1,384 13,815 145 901 4,497 2,284 1998 6,427 521 1,340 14,448 183 888 4,578 2,410 1999 6,994 529 1,340 14,052 237 1,142 4,625 2,503 2000 7,963 637 1,349 14,716 270 1,486 4,798 2,596 2001 8,384 751 1,343 15,797 259 1,401 4,654 2,723 2002 9,290 867 1,326 16,517 310 1,470 4,819 2,794 2003 9,063 889 1,260 16,621 310 1,420 4,319 3,154 2004 8,874 915 1,218 18,654 315 1,397 4,524 2,668 2005 10,198 954 1,274 19,934 313 1,512 4,896 2,371 2006 10,279 1,181 1,183 18,950 299 1,535 5,080 2,555 2007 11,023 1,314 1,194 22,370 290 1,740 6,167 2,828 2008 12,479 858 1,134 23,800 270 1,475 5,331 3,016 2009 13,874 1,051 1,099 31,198 169 1,371 5,167 2,773 2010 14,388 1,122 1,096 32,680 310 1,383 5,634 2,823 2011 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2012 15,910 1,223 1,130 31,218 332 1,510 5,821 2,605 2013 16,690 1,279 1,064 31,235 322 1,544 5,950 2,848 2014 17,615 1,360 999 32,893 277 1,526 5,954 2,888 2015 18,243 1,340 936 34,051 290 1,604 6,041 2,765 2016 18,968 1,433 883 34,069 277 1,692 6,247 2,365 2017(f) 19,800 1,473 818 36,111 328 1,720 5,746 2,485

(a) Includes Medical Officers in curative, administrative and preventive services. Source : Medical Statistics Unit, Ministry of Health (b) Includes Regional and Consultant Dental Surgeons. (c) Excludes Pupil Nurses. (d) Includes Supervising Public Health Nursing Sisters / Public Health Nursing Sisters. (e) Excludes Supervising Public Health Inspectors. (f) Provisional.

n.a. – Not available

No. of Medical Officers (Public Sector)

20,000

16,000

12,000 Number 8,000

4,000

0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 161 Socio-economic services

Table 13.27 Public Health Personnel by District 2017(a)

Reg. / Asst. Public Health Medical Dental Hospital District Medical Nurses(d) Officers(b) Surgeons(c) Nursing Midwives Officers Inspectors(f) Midwives Sisters(e)

Colombo 4,745 301 126 9,986 37 250 418 220 Gampaha 1,916 82 79 3,237 37 121 460 145 Kalutara 897 70 43 2,241 28 80 375 149 Kandy 1,832 192 123 4,438 23 91 413 197 Matale 345 25 28 594 9 42 164 58 Nuwara Eliya 376 33 13 512 4 41 282 82 Galle 1,041 70 57 2,720 25 103 311 135 Matara 614 44 35 2,015 9 71 261 108 Hambantota 443 30 10 1,888 8 57 191 103 Jaffna 623 48 10 898 3 70 138 85 Mannar 105 12 4 138 2 19 50 26 Vavuniya 272 24 1 502 4 15 63 25 Mullaitivu 83 11 0 95 1 20 42 17 Kilinochchi 125 11 0 97 1 14 52 7 Batticaloa 441 30 11 991 11 65 174 97 Ampara 306 20 2 1,438 7 30 121 38 Trincomalee 322 25 7 527 2 43 146 79 Kalmunai 386 29 13 707 10 51 158 123 Kurunegala 1,119 87 91 3,182 28 109 390 184 Puttalam 564 51 20 734 7 56 185 47 Anuradhapura 610 43 26 1,912 17 76 220 123 Polonnaruwa 412 37 9 628 4 36 118 51 Badulla 574 60 38 1,983 14 61 282 108 Moneragala 337 25 6 594 11 33 182 65 Ratnapura 741 66 29 2,219 14 95 317 116 Kegalle 571 47 37 1,204 12 71 233 97 Total 19,800 1,473 818 45,480 328 1,720 5,746 2,485

Medical School Pharma- Radio- Physio- ECG EEG District Dispensers Lab Dental cists Graphers therapists Recordists Recordists Technologists Therapists

Colombo 387 136 588 209 207 102 33 35 Gampaha 123 101 109 34 63 26 10 34 Kalutara 59 62 81 13 16 16 2 24 Kandy 149 100 130 72 64 33 12 18 Matale 32 48 26 7 5 6 0 9 Nuwara Eliya 24 56 23 8 9 5 2 13 Galle 81 87 81 37 29 18 5 24 Matara 56 63 46 14 15 13 3 21 Hambantota 43 64 37 14 8 10 3 15 Jaffna 52 70 40 17 21 5 3 7 Mannar 6 18 5 2 2 1 0 1 Vavuniya 14 18 15 5 6 2 0 4 Mullaitivu 6 23 4 2 2 0 0 1 Kilinochchi 5 26 4 2 2 2 0 2 Batticaloa 34 38 32 12 10 11 2 5 Ampara 31 32 28 6 10 9 1 3 Trincomalee 30 41 23 8 12 6 1 3 Kalmunai 37 39 36 12 10 9 1 7 Kurunegala 93 146 86 36 26 19 5 39 Puttalam 43 64 39 8 10 9 2 15 Anuradhapura 62 98 64 18 24 13 5 17 Polonnaruwa 40 48 27 11 12 9 2 10 Badulla 66 96 70 20 20 13 2 17 Moneragala 28 46 30 8 6 6 1 11 Ratnapura 70 90 54 21 17 12 2 16 Kegalle 55 78 46 14 12 4 0 17 Total 1,626 1,688 1,724 610 618 359 97 368

(a) Provisional Source : Medical Statistics Unit, (b) Includes Medical Officers in Administrative Grade and Specialists. Ministry of Health (c) Includes Regional and Consultant Dental Surgeons. (d) Includes Supervising Public Health Nursing Sisters, Public Health Nursing Sisters and Pupil Nurses. (e) Includes Supervising Public Health Nursing Sisters/Public Health Nursing Sisters. (f) Includes Supervising Public Health Inspectors. 162 Socio-economic services

Table 13.28 Activities of Health Campaigns 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Patients Examined, ’000 17.2 13.7 19.3 15.5 19.6 22.1 22.9 65.8(b) 69.3(b) 78.8(b) Positive Cases, ’000 10.5 8.3 11.7 9.0 10.5 10.9 11.0 11.0 12.2 12.6 Personnel Strength – Doctors(c) 30 37 75 25 80 67 93 103 110 109 Others(c) 98 99 339 98 350 328 378 380 336 417 Expenditure(c), Rs. Mn. 58.7(d) 69.4(d) 75.2(d) 75.1(d) 158.0 196.2 263.2 323.9 388.3 362.8

Malaria Patients Examined, ’000 909.6 1,001.1 994.5 948.2 988.7 1,069.8 1,142.4 1,031.0 1,089.2 1,057.7 Positive Cases, ’000 0.6 0.7 0.1 ... 0.0(e) 0.0(e) 0.0(e) 0.0(e) 0.0(e) … Personnel Strength – Doctors 29 23 24 19 25 23 24 20 28 24 Others 2,084 1,861 1,858 1,734 1,712 1,627 1,611 1,448 1,430 1,466 Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 204.0 335.0 556.0 414.0 429.0 465.0 532.0 456.0 694.0 716.0

Leprosy Patients Examined, ’000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Positive Cases, ’000 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.7 Personnel Strength – Doctors 8 7 6 11 9 12 13 13 13 12 Others 60 63 75 67 65 67 87 92 74 65 Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 32.9 42.1 38.5 50.3 64.8 66.2 87.1 91.2 250.0(f) 107.1

Respiratory Diseases Patients Examined, ’000 91.4 106.3 139.8 150.5 157.5 162.9 216.5 140.9 131.5 146.2 Sputum Positive TB Patients, ’000 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.7(g) 4.1(g) 4.4(g) 4.6(g) Personnel Strength – Doctors 81 150 569 109 37 39 47 51 44 40 Others 487 677 516 545 133 153 136 147 147 161 Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 454.0 555.0 514.0 561.3 213.9 289.0 267.3 264.0 224.0 257.0

Filariasis Patients Examined, ’000 494.7 482.9 411.6 373.1 420.0 344.9 337.9 372.4 330.8 462.7 Positive Cases, ’000 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 Personnel Strength – Doctors(h) 6 6 5 10 9 10 4 4 4 6 Others(h) 25 25 27 24 27 25 25 28 28 36 Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 13.7(i) 21.9(i) 23.1(i) 28.4 35.7 38.8 34.8 50.7 35.6 51.8

(a) Provisional. Sources : STD / AIDS Control Programme Anti-Malaria Campaign (b) Includes new and re-examined patients. Anti-Leprosy Campaign (c) From 2013 onwards this includes data from STD/AIDS control programme. National Programme for Tuberculosis and (d) Includes expenditure for Central STD Clinic only. Chese Diseases Anti-Filariasis Campaign (e) No indigenous malaria cases reported. (f) Revised (g) Includes new and re-treatment patients diagnosed by sputum smear, culture or WRD. (h) Includes only campaign staff. (i) Includes expenditure of Central Government only. n.a. – Not available … – Negligible 163 Socio-economic services

Table 13.29 Postal Services 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Main Post Offices (No.) 643 648 648 651 651 653 653 652 653 653 Sub Post Offices (No.) 3,410 3,410 3,410 3,411 3,375 3,410 3,410 3,410 3,409 3,410 Agency Post Offices (No.) 684 684 684 676 602 629 629 629 628 412(b) Delivery Areas (No.) 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729

Area Served by a Post Office (Sq. km.) 14 14 14 13 14 14 14 14 15 15

Population Served by a Post Office 4,311 4,312 4,330 4,641 4,378 4,332 4,332 4,428 4,572 4,791

Letters Per Inhabitant 21 21 14 13 13 16 16 17 17 18

Domestic Mail, ’000 Letters 236,852 291,294 201,647 203,135 272,729 341,225 365,249 369,445 373,096 382,771 Post Cards 12,250 14,742 12,654 13,025 10,992 9,538 10,024 10,005 9,504 9,351 Newspapers & Printed Materials 79,525 14,773 15,512 14,003 15,356 13,101 13,769 14,457 15,179 15,260 Express 212 95 86 91 86 82 86 87 110 139 Insured 281 28 36 33 31 83 87 96 94 194 Registered 59,426 19,149 28,698 30,954 21,418 35,183 36,987 29,596 25,603 20,681

Parcels Parcels (Ordinary) Paid ⎫ 320 323 202 294 261 162 113 120 ⎬ 1,194 438 Parcels (Ordinary) Other ⎭ 62 58 125 134 75 61 75 53

Foreign Mail (Outward), ’000 Sea Letters 69 76 74 71 72 80 64 65 65 27 Post Cards 34 19 21 23 25 20 11 11 11 4 Newspapers & Printed Materials 31 56 53 52 43 55 41 41 42 17 Small Packets / Parcels 38 33 4 3 6 16 9 9 9 5 Air Aerogrames – 2,131 2,023 2,213 2,122 63 42 42 42 17 Letters 27,356 4,526 5,382 4,748 4,885 2,020 1,587 1,603 1,618 677 Post Cards 3,451 6,631 7,329 7,163 7,041 829 862 871 878 367 Newspapers & Printed Materials 840 134 143 156 144 219 196 198 199 83 Small Packets / Parcels 387 94 6 3 5 8 6 6 6 4

Foreign Mail (Inward), ’000 Sea Letters 67 62 59 57 62 210 187 190 192 128 Post Cards 40 31 28 29 34 3 1 1 1 1 Newspapers & Printed Materials 57 43 39 37 47 91 74 75 76 114 Small Packets / Parcels 48 98 7 7 5 8 6 5 5 34

Air Letters 22,498 19,315 20,167 20,489 20,642 1,805 1,346 1,359 1,372 1,384 Post Cards 2,765 2,165 3,154 2,932 2,687 25 27 27 27 27 Newspapers & Printed Materials 1,623 1,456 1,569 1,635 1,559 225 187 189 190 191 Small Packets / Parcels 422 410 27 32 25 840 2,011 2,031 2,051 2,071

(a) Provisional. Source : Department of Posts (b) Includes only active No. of Agency Post Offices. 164 Socio-economic services

Table 13.30 Telecommunication Services 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Fixed Access Services Subscriber Base (’000) 3,436 3,535 3,608 3,449 2,707 2,710 2,601 2,550 2,603 2,485 Wireline Telephones in Service (’000) 872 897 942 999 1,062 1,123 1,128 1,166 1,198 1,216 Wireless Local Loop Telephones (’000) 2,564 2,638 2,667 2,450(b) 1,645(c) 1,587 1,473 1,384 1,405 1,269 Growth Rate of the Subscribers -0.3 2.9 2.1 -4.4 -21.5 0.1 -4.0 -2.0 2.1 -4.6 Telephone Penetration(d) (Telephones per 100 persons) 16.8 17.1 17.3 16.9 13.2 13.0 12.4 12.0 12.1 11.5 Other Services Cellular Phones (’000) 14,264 17,267 18,319 20,324 20,315(c) 22,123 24,385 26,228 28,199 32,528 Cellular Phones per 100 Persons 70 84 88 100 99 107 116 124 132 150 Public Pay Phone Booths 7,378 6,958 6,458 6,983 6,773 6,642 5,809 5,301 5,137 5,091 Internet Connections(e) 240,000 502,000 844,749 1,365,655 2,009,456 3,396,295 4,090,920 4,920,554 5,904,260 7,263,161

(a) Provisional Sources : Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka (b) Wireless Local Loop telephones declined in 2012 due the rectification of Central Bank of Sri Lanka statistical reportings subsequent to the merger of two companies. (c) Wireless Local Loop telephones and Cellular phones declined in 2013 due to a revision in the classification of active subscribers in January 2013. (d) Include Fixed Wireline Services and Fixed Wireless Services only. (e) Includes mobile internet connections from 2010 onwards.

Table 13.31 Mass Media 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Circulation of Newspapers(b)

Daily Newspapers, ’000 164,547 170,240 173,255 228,269 334,348 345,029 383,129 411,760 398,759 368,082(c) Sinhala 123,245 126,730 128,163 156,375 210,805 206,979 226,490 258,995 245,103 217,554(c) Tamil 9,347 8,884 10,194 28,748 47,302 62,625 75,906 60,969 60,249 59,955 English 31,955 34,627 34,897 43,146 76,241 75,424 80,734 91,796 93,407 90,573 Copies per ’000 persons per day, No. 26 26 27 36 52 53 58 62 59 54(c)

Weekly Newspapers, ’000 82,801 80,295 88,281 90,403 106,574 117,544 124,949 127,064 136,307 113,282(c) Sinhala 62,096 62,948 70,453 66,710 68,699 74,960 80,811 83,288 91,461 69,465(c) Tamil 7,071 3,233 3,964 9,698 15,432 20,335 21,653 19,324 19,479 19,137 English 13,635 14,115 13,864 13,995 22,443 22,250 22,485 24,452 25,367 24,680 Copies per ’000 persons per week, No. 78 75 81 85 100 109 115 115 122 101(c)

Televisions No. of TV Channels 20 21 22 25 25 25 25 24 24 24

Radios No. of Radio Services 48 51 51 54 54 54 54 54 57 57

(a) Provisional. Sources : Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd. (b) National newspapers only. Express Newspapers (Ceylon) Ltd. (c) Excluding newspapers of Sumathi Publications. Sumathi Publications Upali Newspapers Ltd. Wijeya Publications Ltd. Ministry of Mass Media and Information 165 Socio-economic services

Table 13.32 Prisoners 2009 – 2018

Item 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a)

Training Schools for Youthful Offenders Admission 26 32 28 16 29 16 21 14 22 28 Average Daily Population 69 67 70 63 57 37 40 41 39 30

Admission to Prisons by Offence Murder 108 96 103 125 118 136 175 174 211 155 Attempted Murder 121 149 113 144 115 95 74 94 110 112 Culpable Homicide 335 470 210 273 228 200 136 125 110 86 Attempted Culpable Homicide – – – – – – – 64 88 57 Kidnapping 11 87 6 11 14 43 6 7 10 23 Rape 227 250 166 273 244 281 211 199 148 201 Simple & Grievous Hurt 317 347 217 284 307 301 374 348 233 264 Criminal Force & Intimidation 31 85 18 17 21 29 50 50 18 19 Unlawful Intercourse & Attempt 163 208 142 195 33 14 35 18 28 11 Attempt Suicide & Abetment of Suicide 0 0 0 3 3 15 9 13 13 – Burglary & Robbery 1,130 1,438 819 1,097 1,536 1,422 910 937 944 606 Trespass, House Breaking & Possession of House Breaking Tools 868 502 488 636 656 606 485 536 479 74 Extortion & Looting 519 683 537 603 1,065 603 504 671 312 331 Cheating & Criminal Breach of Trust 321 493 405 501 885 513 369 379 485 267 Theft 1,268 1,356 1,282 1,893 1,780 1,689 1,218 1,220 1,278 1,075 Other Offences 32,453 25,964 22,512 22,336 23,755 21,641 19,530 19,225 18,366 21,571

Total 37,872 32,128 27,018 28,391 30,760 27,588 24,086 24,060 22,833 24,852

Admissions to Prisons by Length of Sentence Under One Month 3,034 2,972 2,098 3,826 2,961 3,518 2,243 4,774 4,316 4,082 One Month to Six Months 12,973 11,150 11,147 13,192 15,013 12,559 12,317 11,780 11,479 12,937 Six Months to One Year 8,566 6,424 5,706 4,984 6,003 5,421 5,509 3,214 3,195 3,199 One Year to Two Years 9,375 8,367 5,757 3,772 4,104 3,651 2,322 2,502 2,251 2,620 Two Years to Five Years 3,105 2,433 1,698 2,003 2,024 1,783 1,043 1,203 989 1,435 Five Years to Ten Years 453 415 357 296 352 311 205 226 213 216 Over Ten Years and Death Sentences 366 367 255 318 303 345 447 361 390 363

Total 37,872 32,128 27,018 28,391 30,760 27,588 24,086 24,060 22,833 24,852

Death Sentences Sentenced to Death 108 96 107 131 124 153 186 180 217 168 Death Sentences Commuted to Imprisonment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Awaiting Execution or Final Decision for Commutation or Execution 108 96 107 131 124 153 186 180 217 168

Admission Rate (Per 100,000 Population) 185 156 130 140 151 133 115 114 107 115

(a) Provisional Source : Department of Prisons 166 Socio-economic services

Table 13.33 Prisoners by District 2014 – 2018

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018(a) District Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

Colombo 9,574 279 9,853 10,982 241 11,223 8,189 276 8,465 8,832 205 9,037 8,622 199 8,821 Gampaha 4,160 90 4,250 1,577 89 1,666 2,432 173 2,605 2,001 78 2,079 2,088 86 2,174 Kalutara 1,275 46 1,321 839 43 882 1,824 68 1,892 1,549 44 1,593 1,694 30 1,724 Kandy 638 29 667 556 34 590 516 36 552 725 13 738 818 12 830 Matale 540 9 549 401 17 418 243 14 257 468 8 476 297 5 302 Nuwara Eliya 453 12 465 270 18 288 366 12 378 207 19 226 230 1 231 Galle 1,513 76 1,589 962 49 1,011 1,156 36 1,192 1,090 6 1,096 1,359 20 1,379 Matara 382 18 400 486 21 507 617 16 633 368 9 377 362 20 382 Hambantota 307 8 315 81 1 82 240 6 246 279 6 285 286 4 290 Jaffna 200 16 216 266 11 277 409 13 422 463 11 474 409 12 421 Mannar 107 8 115 223 9 232 187 5 192 181 3 184 116 1 117 Vavuniya 460 14 474 279 13 292 273 15 288 312 10 322 298 7 305 Mullaitivu 205 8 213 256 8 264 224 9 233 231 7 238 138 2 140 Kilinochchi 123 6 129 330 7 337 328 27 355 94 4 98 204 10 214 Batticaloa 534 32 566 426 20 446 456 13 469 430 12 442 318 8 326 Ampara 508 21 529 358 17 375 414 11 425 293 7 300 377 7 384 Trincomalee 254 9 263 318 14 332 235 8 243 202 6 208 220 8 228 Kurunegala 1,541 30 1,571 1,436 60 1,496 1,282 72 1,354 880 27 907 1,776 28 1,804 Puttalam 685 32 717 573 21 594 895 37 932 280 16 296 1,025 11 1,036 Anuradhapura 1,136 35 1,171 878 18 896 895 19 914 1,101 19 1,120 904 15 919 Polonnaruwa 292 12 304 257 8 265 231 3 234 211 5 216 560 4 564 Badulla 401 10 411 350 10 360 324 4 328 359 10 369 352 12 364 Moneragala 279 1 280 203 7 210 255 1 256 253 10 263 238 6 244 Ratnapura 729 28 757 477 13 490 578 10 588 873 21 894 930 17 947 Kegalle 458 5 463 543 10 553 596 11 607 586 9 595 690 16 706

Total 26,754 834 27,588 23,327 759 24,086 23,165 895 24,060 22,268 565 22,833 24,311 541 24,852

(a) Provisional Source : Department of Prisons

Total Prisoners by Province – 2017/18

16,000

2017 12,000 2018

8,000

4,000

Western Central Southern Northern Eastern North North Uva Sabara- Western Central gamuwa 167 Socio-economic services

Table 13.34 Selected Demography of Prisoners 2015 – 2018

2015 2016 2017 2018(a) Item Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

Prisoners by Age Groups Under 16 years – – – – – – – – – – – – 16 to 40 years 14,263 347 14,610 14,428 406 14,834 11,546 276 11,822 13,242 278 13,520 41 to 60 years 8,618 390 9,008 8,104 475 8,579 9,471 253 9,724 9,903 203 10,106 Above 60 years 446 22 468 633 14 647 1,251 36 1,287 1,166 60 1,226

Prisoners by Educational Status No Schooling 981 118 1,099 1,361 162 1,523 1,294 82 1,376 1,082 41 1,123 Grade 1–5 4,304 142 4,446 12,239 534 12,773 9,480 163 9,643 9,805 185 9,990 Passed Grade 8 13,663 327 13,990 6,028 101 6,129 7,294 103 7,397 6,386 117 6,503 Passed GCE (O/L) 2,957 122 3,079 2,559 84 2,643 2,878 188 3,066 5,187 165 5,352 Passed GCE (A/L) 1,315 39 1,354 896 13 909 1,149 25 1,174 1,684 31 1,715 Graduates 66 9 75 54 1 55 112 1 113 110 2 112 Other 41 2 43 28 – 28 61 3 64 57 – 57

Prisoners by Marital Status Never Married 10,025 116 10,141 6,115 138 6,253 6,916 96 7,012 7,641 61 7,702 Married 12,179 473 12,652 15,131 629 15,760 13,756 408 14,164 14,330 407 14,737 Widowed 221 69 290 563 55 618 551 29 580 797 34 831 Divorced 508 52 560 779 48 827 741 17 758 1,090 22 1,112 Legally Separated 394 49 443 577 25 602 304 15 319 453 17 470

Prisoners by Ethnicity Sinhalese 17,174 436 17,610 13,109 496 13,605 15,269 356 15,625 16,459 389 16,848 Tamil 3,261 212 3,473 4,876 296 5,172 3,891 117 4,008 4,518 106 4,624 Moor 2,860 90 2,950 4,995 100 5,095 3,043 85 3,128 3,205 36 3,241 Malay 8 9 17 90 – 90 12 – 12 35 1 36 Burgher 19 7 26 85 2 87 16 3 19 33 – 33 Other 5 5 10 10 1 11 37 4 41 61 9 70

Prisoners by Religion Buddhist 16,158 362 16,520 11,833 467 12,300 14,240 327 14,567 15,280 360 15,640 Hindu 2,579 171 2,750 4,153 240 4,393 3,302 97 3,399 3,688 95 3,783 Islam 2,870 116 2,986 4,969 91 5,060 3,050 85 3,135 3,251 43 3,294 Roman Catholic 1,398 70 1,468 1,899 77 1,976 1,381 43 1,424 1,888 29 1,917 Other Christians 302 40 342 296 20 316 277 9 286 147 10 157 Others 20 – 20 15 – 15 18 4 22 57 4 61

Total Convicted Prisoners 23,327 759 24,086 23,165 895 24,060 22,268 565 22,833 24,311 541 24,852

(a) Provisional Source : Department of Prisons 168 sri lanka and asia

Table 14.1 Demographic Indicators : SAARC Countries

Ref. Sri Afghanis- Bangla- Indicator Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Year Lanka tan desh Mid-year Population, Mn. 2000 19.1 21.0 129.3 0.6 1,019.0 0.3 21.0 140.0 2005 19.6 23.6 138.6 0.6 1,106.0 0.3 25.3 156.0 2010 20.7 26.0 148.6 0.7 1,186.0 0.4 26.3 173.5 2017 21.7(a) 29.7 162.7 0.7 1,316.0 0.5 28.7 207.8 Population Growth, % 2005 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.5 3.3 2.3 2.2 2010 1.0 2.0 1.3 1.8 1.4 2.3 1.4 2.1 2017 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 4.3 1.4 2.4 Land Area(b), ’000 Sq.km. 2017 62.7 652.9 130.2 38.1 2,973.2 0.3 143.4 770.9 Density of Population [Persons per Sq. km.] 2017 346(a) 54 1,265 21 450 1,454 204 256 Population by Age Groups, % 0 – 14 Years 2017 25.2(a) 43.2 28.4 26.5 27.8 23.4 30.9 34.8 15 – 64 Years 2017 66.9(a) 54.2 66.5 68.6 66.2 72.5 63.3 60.7 65 Years & Above 2017 7.8(a) 2.6 5.1 4.9 6.0 4.1 5.8 4.5 Urban Population, % 2017 19.4 24.0 35.9 37.8 33.6 39.4 20.1 36.4 Crude Birth Rate, per 1,000 2016 15.1(a) 33.2 19.0 18.2 19.0 18.3 19.7 28.2 Crude Death Rate, per 1,000 2016 6.4(a) 6.7 5.3 6.0 7.3 3.3 6.3 7.3 Total Fertility Rate [Births per Woman] 2016 2.0 4.6 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.1 3.5 Infant Mortality Rate [per 1,000 Live Births] 2016 8 53 28 27 35 7 28 64 Maternal Mortality Rate [per 100,000 Live Births] 2015 30 396 176 148 174 68 258 178 Expectation of Life at Birth, Years 2016 75.3 63.7 72.5 70.2 68.6 77.3 70.3 66.5

(a) 2018 Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018, ADB (b) Excluding area under inland water bodies. Human Development Report 2018, UNDP World Development Indicators 2019 (World Bank - updated 24/04/2019) Department of Census and Statistics Registrar General’s Department

Table 14.2 Demographic Indicators : Selected East Asian Countries

Ref. Rep. of Indicator Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Year Korea Mid-year Population, Mn. 2000 206.3 23.5 76.8 47.0 4.0 62.2 2005 219.9 26.0 84.7 48.2 4.3 64.1 2010 238.5 28.6 93.1 49.6 5.1 65.9 2017 261.9 32.0 104.9 51.4 5.6 67.7 Population Growth, % 2005 1.3 2.1 1.9 0.2 2.4 0.6 2010 2.7 1.8 2.3 0.5 1.8 0.6 2017 1.2 1.3 1.6 0.4 0.1 0.4 Land Area(a), ’000 Sq.km. 2017 1,811.6 328.6 298.2 97.5 0.7 510.9 Density of Population [Persons per Sq. km.] 2017 146 96 352 528 7,916 135 Population by Age Groups, % 0 – 14 Years 2017 27.4 24.3 31.7 13.5 15.0 17.3 15 – 64 Years 2017 67.3 69.4 63.5 72.6 72.1 71.3 65 Years & Above 2017 5.3 6.3 4.8 13.9 12.9 11.4 Urban Population, % 2017 54.7 75.5 46.7 82.7 100.0 49.2 Crude Birth Rate, per 1,000 2016 19.0 17.1 23.2 7.9 9.4 10.3 Crude Death Rate, per 1,000 2016 7.1 4.9 6.5 5.5 4.8 7.9 Total Fertility Rate [Births per Woman] 2016 2.4 2.0 2.9 1.2 1.2 1.5 Infant Mortality Rate [per 1,000 Live Births] 2016 22 7 22 3 2 11 Maternal Mortality Rate [per 100,000 Live Births] 2015 126 40 114 11 10 20 Expectation of Life at Birth, Years 2016 69.2 75.3 69.1 82.0 82.8 75.3

(a) Excluding area under inland water bodies. Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018, ADB Human Development Report 2018, UNDP World Development Indicators 2019 (World Bank – updated 24/04/2019) 169 sri lanka and asia

Table 14.3 National Accounts Indicators : SAARC Countries

Ref. Sri Afghanis- Bangla- Indicator Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Year Lanka(a) tan desh

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)(b), 2014 79,359 21,331 173,062 1,959 2,042,939 3,697 20,138 248,949 Mn US $ 2015 80,556 20,607 194,446 2,059 2,145,537 4,007 20,801 267,035 2016 82,390(c) 20,234 220,316 2,213 2,270,056 4,224 20,929 277,521 2017 88,013(c)(d) 21,517 245,633 n.a. 2,575,667 n.a. 24,870 303,092

GDP Per Capita(b), US$ 2014 3,821 759 1,104 2,629 1,612 8,450 730 1,324 2015 3,842 721 1,224 2,720 1,672 8,817 744 1,393 2016 3,886(c) 693 1,370 2,879 1,748 8,963 739 1,420 2017 4,104(c)(d) 724 1,510 n.a. 1,957 n.a. 866 1,459

GDP Per Capita at PPP, US$ 2014 11,220 1,927 3,132 7,760 5,673 14,472 2,387 4,821 2015 11,798 1,919 3,336 8,249 6,130 14,685 2,464 5,000 2016 12,343 1,935 3,580 8,907 6,574 15,608 2,482 5,238 2017 12,835 1,972 3,869 9,372 7,059 16,653 2,697 5,527

Growth Rate of Real GDP, % 2014 5.0 2.7 6.1 5.7 7.4 7.3 6.0 4.7 2015 5.0 1.5 6.6 6.6 8.2 2.9 3.3 4.7 2016 4.5(c) 2.3 7.1 8.0 7.1 7.3 0.6 5.5 2017 3.4(c)(d) 2.7 7.3 4.6 6.7 6.9 7.9 5.7

Sectoral Composition of GDP(b)(e) , %

Agriculture 2014 8.0 24.9(f) 16.1(f) 17.7(f) 18.2(f) 6.0(f) 32.6(f) 24.9(f) 2015 8.2 22.7(f) 15.5(f) 17.5(f) 17.7(f) 6.5(f) 31.7(f) 25.1(f) 2016 7.4(c) 24.1(f) 14.8(f) 17.3(f) 17.9(f) 6.8(f) 31.6(f) 24.6(f) 2017 7.8(c)(d) 24.8(f) 14.2(f) n.a. 17.1(f) n.a. 29.4(f) 24.4(f)

Industry 2014 28.3 21.4(f) 27.6(f) 42.9(f) 30.0(f) 9.4(f) 14.9(f) 21.0(f) 2015 27.2 22.7(f) 28.2(f) 43.2(f) 29.8(f) 10.3(f) 14.8(f) 20.1(f) 2016 27.8(c) 22.0(f) 28.8(f) 43.5(f) 29.3(f) 11.2(f) 14.2(f) 19.4(f) 2017 27.3(c)(d) 22.0(f) 29.3(f) n.a. 29.1(f) n.a. 14.6(f) 19.1(f)

Services 2014 56.9 53.6(f) 56.3(f) 39.4(f) 51.8(f) 84.6(f) 52.5(f) 54.2(f) 2015 57.4 54.7(f) 56.4(f) 39.3(f) 52.5(f) 83.3(f) 53.4(f) 54.9(f) 2016 56.4(c) 53.9(f) 56.5(f) 39.2(f) 52.8(f) 82.0(f) 54.2(f) 56.0(f) 2017 55.7(c)(d) 53.2(f) 56.5(f) n.a. 53.9(f) n.a. 56.0(f) 56.5(f)

Consumption, Investment and Savings, % of GDP(b)

Private Consumption 2014 67.4 79.8 72.6 52.5 58.1 n.a. 77.8 81.0 2015 67.4 82.9 72.4 56.8 58.8 n.a. 79.9 79.8 2016 71.0(c) 79.8 69.1 50.9 59.0 n.a. 84.6 80.0 2017 69.9(c)(d) 76.0 68.7 n.a. 59.1 n.a. 78.0 82.0

Government Consumption 2014 8.4 12.3 5.3 16.9 10.4 n.a. 10.3 10.8 2015 9.0 12.1 5.4 17.8 10.4 n.a. 10.9 11.0 2016 8.5(c) 12.0 5.9 16.8 10.9 n.a. 33.7 11.3 2017 8.4(c)(d) 11.5 6.0 n.a. 11.4 n.a. 11.7 11.3

Gross Domestic Capital 2014 32.3 17.6 28.6 51.7 33.5 n.a. 41.2 14.6 Formation 2015 31.2 19.0 28.9 54.0 32.3 n.a. 39.1 15.7 2016 27.9(c) 17.2 29.7 55.6 30.6 n.a. 33.7 15.7 2017 28.8(c)(d) 18.2 30.5 n.a. 30.6 n.a. 42.5 16.1

Gross Domestic Savings 2014 24.2 8.0 22.1 30.7 n.a. n.a. 11.9 8.2 2015 23.6 5.0 22.2 25.4 n.a. n.a. 9.2 9.3 2016 20.6(c) 8.2 25.0 31.7 n.a. n.a. 3.8 8.7 2017 21.7(c)(d) 12.1 25.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 10.3 6.8

Gross National Savings 2014 29.8 16.9 29.2 29.3 32.2 16.8 45.7 22.0 2015 28.8 15.8 29.0 21.1 31.3 12.7 44.1 23.6 2016 25.7(c) 20.8 30.8 31.7 30.0 0.4 40.0 22.9 2017 26.2(c)(d) 21.2 29.6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 43.8 19.4

(a) The data is based on the base year 2010 (e) For Sri Lanka, excluding taxes less subsidies Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018, ADB GDP estimates of the Department of on products (GDP = the sum of the gross World Development Indicators 2019 Census and Statistics. value added at basic prices, plus all taxes (World Bank – updated 24/04/2019) (b) Estimates at current market prices. on products, less all subsidies on products). Department of Census and Statistics (c) Revised (f) Estimates at current basic prices. (d) Provisional n.a. – Not available 170 sri lanka and asia

Table 14.4 National Accounts Indicators : Selected East Asian Countries

Ref. Rep. of Indicator Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Year Korea

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)(a), 2014 890,815 338,066 284,585 1,411,334 311,552 407,339 Mn US $ 2015 861,256 296,434 292,774 1,382,764 304,091 401,399 2016 932,259 296,536 304,889 1,414,804 309,753 411,755 2017 1,015,539 314,497 313,595 1,530,751 323,900 455,303

GDP Per Capita(a), US$ 2014 3,533 11,012 2,849 27,811 56,960 6,079 2015 3,371 9,501 2,883 27,105 54,940 5,970 2016 3,604 9,384 2,953 27,608 55,241 6,104 2017 3,878 9,828 2,989 29,754 57,713 6,725

GDP Per Capita at PPP, US$ 2014 10,538 25,488 6,938 33,588 85,227 15,651 2015 11,040 26,639 7,320 35,204 87,043 16,242 2016 11,611 27,700 7,801 36,630 89,103 16,938 2017 12,284 29,449 8,343 38,335 93,905 17,872

Growth Rate of Real GDP, % 2014 5.0 6.0 6.1 3.3 3.9 1.0 2015 4.9 5.1 6.1 2.8 2.2 3.0 2016 5.0 4.2 6.9 2.9 2.4 3.3 2017 5.1 5.9 6.7 3.1 3.6 3.9

Sectoral Composition of GDP(a), %

Agriculture 2014 13.7(b) 9.0(c) 11.3 2.3(b) 0.0 10.1 2015 13.9(b) 8.6(c) 10.3 2.3(b) 0.0 9.0 2016 14.0(b) 8.8(c) 9.7 2.1(b) 0.0 8.5 2017 13.7(b) 8.9(c) 9.7 2.2(b) 0.0 8.7

Industry 2014 43.0(b) 40.4(c) 31.3 38.1(b) 25.4 36.8 2015 41.3(b) 39.6(c) 30.9 38.3(b) 25.7 36.1 2016 40.8(b) 38.9(c) 30.7 38.7(b) 25.3 35.7 2017 41.0(b) 39.4(c) 30.5 39.6(b) 24.8 35.1

Services 2014 43.3(b) 50.7(c) 57.3 59.6(b) 74.5 53.1 2015 44.7(b) 51.8(c) 58.8 59.4(b) 74.2 54.9 2016 45.3(b) 52.4(c) 59.6 59.2(b) 74.7 55.8 2017 45.4(b) 51.7(c) 59.9 58.3(b) 75.2 56.3

Consumption, Investment and Savings, % of GDP(a)

Private Consumption 2014 56.0 52.4 72.5 48.0 36.9 51.3 2015 56.3 54.1 73.8 47.0 36.6 50.0 2016 56.6 54.9 73.7 46.3 36.0 49.0 2017 56.1 55.4 73.5 45.8 35.6 47.8

Government Consumption 2014 9.4 13.3 10.6 15.1 9.9 16.9 2015 9.7 13.1 10.9 15.0 10.4 17.1 2016 9.5 12.6 11.2 15.2 10.7 16.9 2017 9.1 12.2 11.3 15.3 10.9 16.4

Gross Domestic Capital Formation 2014 34.6 25.0 20.5 29.3 30.2 23.9 2015 34.1 25.1 21.2 28.9 27.1 22.3 2016 33.8 25.9 24.4 29.3 27.0 21.1 2017 33.4 25.5 25.1 31.1 27.6 22.8

Gross Domestic Savings 2014 33.4 34.3 17.0 34.5 53.4 31.8 2015 32.8 32.8 15.2 35.7 52.9 34.9 2016 32.7 32.6 15.1 36.2 53.2 36.9 2017 33.6 32.5 15.2 36.6 51.9 37.4

Gross National Savings 2014 30.7 29.4 46.1 34.5 48.8 28.8 2015 30.1 28.2 44.2 35.6 45.7 31.4 2016 29.8 28.2 43.9 36.0 46.0 33.8 2017 n.a. 28.4 n.a. 36.1 46.5 34.7

(a) Estimates at current market prices. Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018, ADB (b) Estimates at current basic prices. World Development Indicators 2019 (c) Estimates at current producers’ prices. (World Bank – updated 24/04/2019) 171 sri lanka and asia

Table 14.5 Inflation(a) : Sri Lanka and Selected Countries Per cent

Country 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

SAARC Countries Sri Lanka(b) 6.7 7.6 6.9 3.3 3.8 4.0 7.7 2.1 Afghanistan 11.8 6.4 7.4 4.7 -0.7 4.4 5.0 3.0 Bangladesh 11.5 6.2 7.5 7.0 6.2 5.7 5.6 6.0 Bhutan 7.3 9.3 11.3 9.5 7.6 7.6 5.8 4.6 India 9.5 10.0 9.4 5.8 4.9 4.5 3.6 4.7 Maldives 11.3 10.9 3.8 2.1 1.9 0.8 2.3 1.7 Nepal 9.6 8.3 9.9 9.0 7.2 9.9 4.5 4.2 Pakistan 13.7 11.0 7.4 8.6 4.5 2.9 4.1 3.9

East Asian Countries (Selected)

Indonesia 5.3 4.0 6.4 6.4 6.4 3.5 3.8 3.4 Malaysia 3.2 1.7 2.1 3.1 2.1 2.1 3.8 1.0 Philippines 4.8 3.0 2.6 3.6 0.7 1.3 2.9 4.9 Republic of Korea 4.0 2.2 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.0 1.9 1.5 Singapore 5.2 4.6 2.4 1.0 -0.5 -0.5 0.6 1.0 Thailand 3.8 3.0 2.2 1.9 -0.9 0.2 0.7 0.9

Industrial Countries (Selected)

Japan -0.3 -0.1 0.3 2.8 0.8 -0.1 0.5 1.2 United Kingdom 4.5 2.8 2.6 1.5 0.0 0.7 2.7 2.5 United States 3.1 2.1 1.5 1.6 0.1 1.3 2.1 2.4

(a) Percentage change of annual average Consumer Price Index. Sources : World Economic Outlook October 2018 – IMF (b) 2010 to 2014 – Colombo Consumer Price Index (2006/07 = 100) Department of Census and Statistics 2015 onwards – Colombo Consumer Price Index (2013 = 100)

Inflation – SAARC Countries : 2014–18

14.0

10.0

6.0 Per cent

2.0

-2.0 Sri Lanka Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 172 sri lanka and asia

Table 14.6 External Trade and Finance Indicators : SAARC Countries

Ref. Sri Afghanis- Bangla- Indicator Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Year Lanka tan desh

Exports, Mn. US $ 2015 10,546 571 30,375 543 258,881 144 795 23,048 – (1.6) (9.4) (-9.5) (-0.6) (-7.3) (-7.0) 2016 10,310 596 33,255 482 271,975 139 649 20,853 (4.5) (9.8) (-8.9) (7.8) (-3.2.) (-17.8) (-9.6) 2017 11,360(a) 723 32,547 577 305,504 n.a. 709 19,644 (21.2) (2.8) (12.5) (5.6) n.a. (4.2) (-0.8)

Exports Per Capita, US $ 2015 503 20 191 717 202 316 28 120 2016 486 20 207 627 209 295 23 107 2017 531 20 200 794 232 n.a. 25 95

Imports, Mn. US $ 2015 18,935 7,723 37,266 945 375,611 1,890 7,220 44,472 (-0.1) (-8.2) (9.8) (-9.0) (-4.9) (8.4) (0.7) 2016 19,183 6,534 39,680 1,033 379,068 2,121 7,163 44,652 (-15.4) (6.2) (12.1) (3.5) (12.2) (-0.1) (0.3) 2017 20,980(a) 7,065 41,608 1,064 463,677 n.a. 9,613 50,380 (8.1) (10.2) (-3.2) (14.9) n.a. (28.0) (18.9)

Imports Per Capita, US $ 2015 903 270 235 1,249 293 4,160 258 232 2016 905 264 247 1,345 292 4,500 253 229 2017 980 220 256 1,464 352 n.a. 335 242

Export / Import Ratio 2015 0.56 0.07 0.82 0.57 0.69 0.08 0.11 0.52 2016 0.54 0.07 0.84 0.47 0.72 0.07 0.09 0.47 2017 0.54 0.09 0.78 0.54 0.66 n.a. 0.07 0.39

Balance of Trade(b), 2015 -8,388.6 -7,158.0 -6,891.5 -402.6 -116,730.0 -1,746.6 -6,424.7 -21,424.3 Mn, US $ 2016 -8,872.8 -7,152.0 -6,424.4 -551.2 -107,093.7 -1,981.9 -6,513.7 -23,798.4 2017 -9,619.8(a) -5,938.0 -9,061.3 -487.3 -158,173.5 n.a. -8,903.5 -30,735.2

Current A/c Balance, 2015 -1,882.8 -4,689.3 2,579.6 -572.3 -22,456.8 -301.7 2,446.6 -2,776.0 Mn, US $ 2016 -1,742.4 -3,647.7 928.3 -617.6 -12,113.7 -1,032.4 -167.8 -7,094.0 2017 -2,309.0(a) -4,683.1 -6,364.8 -546.1 -39,072.6 -876.4 -815.3 -15,818.0

Total Reserves Minus 2015 6,543 6,232 27,023 1,103 334,311 576 7,937 17,830 Gold, Mn, US $ 2016 5,189 6,476 31,776 1,127 341,145 478 8,498 19,650 2017 7,031 7,186 32,849 1,206 389,350 597 n.a. 15,765

External Debt, Mn, US $ 2016 46,418 2,404 41,126 2,348 456,140 1,155 4,251 72,697

External Debt Service / Exports Ratio(c), % 2016 25.6 3.5 4.7 11.6 17.3 3.7 8.9 15.4

Exchange Rate for US $(d) 2015 135.94 61.14 77.95 64.15 64.15 15.37 102.41 102.77 2016 145.60 67.87 78.47 67.20 67.20 15.37 107.38 104.77 2017 152.46 68.03 80.44 65.12 65.12 15.39 104.51 105.46

(a) Revised Sources : International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2018, IMF (b) Exports less imports. Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018, ADB Central Bank of Sri Lanka (c) Total debt service includes principal and interest payments on long term debt, interest payments on short term debt, and IMF repurchases and charges. (d) Units of domestic currency (annual average) per US dollar. n.a. – Not available Note : Annual change (%) is given within parenthesis. 173 sri lanka and asia

Table 14.7 External Trade and Finance Indicators : Selected East Asian Countries

Ref. Rep. of Indicator Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Year Korea

Exports, Mn. US $ 2015 150,366 181,117 58,827 526,757 347,844 203,157 (-14.6) (1.6) (-5.3) (-8.0) (-6.5) (-0.4) 2016 145,186 175,427 57,406 495,426 322,832 211,001 (-3.4) (1.2) (-2.4) (-5.9) (-5.1) (3.1) 2017 168,811 230,279 62,875 573,694 385,307 243,831 (16.3) (18.9) (9.5) (15.8) (10.3) (5.4)

Exports Per Capita, US $ 2015 589 5,805 579 10,329 62,844 3,022 2016 561 5,551 556 9,676 57,573 3,128 2017 645 7,196 599 11,151 68,654 3,602

Imports, Mn. US $ 2015 142,695 159,781 71,067 436,499 299,457 177,536 (-19.9) (0.4) (8.7) (-16.9) (-11.5) (-5.8) 2016 135,653 155,778 84,108 406,193 278,853 175,013 (-4.9) (1.9) (18.4) (-6.9) (-4.7) (-2.1) 2017 156,925 206,338 92,660 478,478 338,247 210,781 (15.7) (19.9) (10.2) (17.8) (12.1) (9.8)

Imports Per Capita, US $ 2015 559 5,121 700 8,559 54,102 2,640 2016 524 4,930 815 7,933 49,730 2,595 2017 599 6,448 883 9,301 60,269 3,113

Export / Import Ratio 2015 1.05 1.13 0.83 1.21 1.16 1.14 2016 1.07 1.13 0.68 1.22 1.16 1.21 2017 1.08 1.12 0.68 1.20 1.14 1.16

Balance of Trade(a), 2015 7,671.5 21,336.6 -12,239.8 90,257.5 48,386.4 25,621.0 Mn, US $ 2016 9,533.4 19,649.0 -26,702.0 89,233.1 43,979.1 35,988.1 2017 11,885.5 23,941.0 -29,785.0 95,216.1 47,059.2 33,050.2

Current A/c Balance, 2015 -17,518.7 9,067.6 7,265.7 105,939.6 56,493.8 32,112.7 Mn, US $ 2016 -16,952.3 7,132.8 -1,198.9 99,243.0 58,846.6 48,237.2 2017 -17,292.8 9,450.0 -2,517.8 78,460.2 60,998.5 48,126.4

Total Reserves Minus 2015 103,268 93,979 73,964 363,149 247,534 151,266 Gold, Mn, US $ 2016 113,493 93,072 73,433 366,308 246,365 166,157 2017 126,857 100,878 73,228 384,453 279,690 196,121

External Debt, Mn, US $ 2016 316,431 200,364 77,319 418,824 – 121,497

External Debt Service / Exports Ratio(b), % 2016 39.6 4.9 12.6 – – 5.0

(a) Exports less imports. Sources : International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2018, IMF (b) Total debt service includes principal and interest payments Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018, ADB on long term debt, interest payments on short term debt, and IMF repurchases and charges. (c) Units of domestic currency (annual average) per US dollar. Note : Annual change (%) is given within parenthesis. 174 sri lanka and asia

Table 14.8 Monetary and Fiscal Operations : SAARC Countries

Ref. Sri Afghanis- Bangla- Indicator Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Year Lanka tan desh

Reserve Money, Mn. US $ 2015 4,675 4,082 20,308 389 304,409 667 4,906 32,942 2016 5,715 4,647 24,137 504 208,932 583 5,207 40,196 2017 6,148 4,926 26,052 512 344,180 694 5,348 n.a.

Narrow Money, Mn. US $ 2015 4,963 5,725 21,442 670 370,768 866 4,749 88,778 2016 5,184 6,341 25,978 768 293,319 875 4,857 103,477 2017 5,190 n.a. n.a. n.a. 451,693 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Broad Money, Mn. US $ 2015 31,695 6,096 106,766 1,175 1,705,056 1,980 19,511 139,497 2016 36,085 6,810 121,227 1,378 1,765,556 1,976 22,751 158,643 2017 41,268 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,067,086 2,078 26,710 165,552

% of GDP 2015 39.3 29.6 54.9 57.0 79.5 49.4 93.8 52.2 2016 43.8 33.7 55.0 62.3 77.8 46.8 108.7 57.2 2017 46.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 80.3 n.a. 107.4 54.6

Composition of Broad Money (%) Currency 2017 7.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 13.3 9.1 13.1 21.3 Demand Deposits 2017 5.6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 11.5 36.1 7.5 43.7 Quasi-Money 2017 87.4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 81.3 54.8 73.5 13.6

% Change of Money(a) Narrow Money 2017 8.6 8.8 21.5 17.6 -18.9 1.0 3.0 16.4 2018 2.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 44.7 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Broad Money 2017 18.4 9.7 13.8 20.3 6.2 -0.2 17.4 13.6 2018 16.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 10.0 5.2 12.0 9.9

Causal Factors in Broad Money, mn. US $ Net Foreign Assets 2017 795 8,622 32,249 1,141 452,020 668 9,852 9,922 Domestic Credit 2017 49,097 -578 107,699 1,414 2,074,360 2,372 20,935 140,400 Net Other Items 2017 -8,624 1,763 -17,085 -833 -333,726 -962 5,624 -19,936

Money Multiplier(b) for Narrow Money 2015 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.0 2.7 2016 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.9 2.6 2017 0.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.3 n.a. n.a. n.a.

for Broad Money 2015 6.8 1.5 5.3 3.0 5.6 3.0 4.0 4.2 2016 6.3 1.5 5.0 2.7 8.5 3.4 4.4 3.9 2017 6.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 6.0 3.0 5.0 n.a.

Income Velocity of Money(c) of Narrow Money 2015 16.2 3.6 9.1 3.1 5.8 4.6 4.4 3.0 2016 15.9 3.2 8.5 2.9 7.7 4.8 4.3 2.7 2017 17.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. 5.7 n.a. n.a. n.a.

of Broad Money 2015 2.5 3.4 1.8 1.8 1.3 2.0 1.1 1.9 2016 2.3 3.0 1.8 1.6 1.3 2.1 0.9 1.7 2017 2.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.2 n.a. 0.9 1.8

Fiscal Operation Indicators, % of GDP Revenue 2017 14.2 11.5 10.3 18.6 9.0 n.a. 22.4 15.5 Total Expenditure 2017 19.3 24.4 13.6 31.3 13.1 n.a. 28.0 21.6 Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) 2017 -5.2 0.0 -3.4 -3.3 -3.2 n.a. -5.0 -5.8

(a) Percentage change of amounts in domestic currency. Sources : International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2018, IMF (b) Ratio of Money to Reserve Money. Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018, ADB (c) Ratio of GDP to Money. Central Bank of Sri Lanka n.a. – Not available 175 sri lanka and asia

Table 14.9 Monetary and Fiscal Operations : Selected East Asian Countries

Ref. Rep. of Indicator Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Year Korea

Reserve Money, Mn. US $ 2015 74,658 31,996 52,306 112,101 42,956 45,757 2016 79,640 31,497 55,362 118,767 44,693 48,938 2017 86,040 n.a. 62,831 145,615 50,996 57,199

Narrow Money, Mn. US $ 2015 76,509 83,984 56,558 604,224 113,478 49,270 2016 92,114 84,895 61,623 658,716 119,445 52,028 2017 102,658 104,073 71,356 793,893 137,438 62,387

Broad Money, Mn. US $ 2015 329,743 364,196 209,658 1,916,738 367,947 486,350 2016 372,505 357,705 224,972 1,993,425 388,638 510,439 2017 399,997 n.a. 250,140 2,363,712 433,987 587,675

% of GDP 2015 38.3 122.9 71.6 138.6 121.0 121.2 2016 40.0 120.6 73.8 140.9 125.5 124.0 2017 39.4 n.a. 79.8 154.4 134.0 129.1

Composition of Broad Money (%) Currency 2017 10.8 n.a. 8.5 3.8 7.3 7.5 Demand Deposits 2017 14.8 n.a. 20.0 29.8 24.4 3.1 Quasi-Money 2017 74.3 n.a. 53.2 66.4 68.3 89.4

% Change of Money(a) Narrow Money 2016 17.3 5.7 15.1 12.3 7.7 4.8 2017 12.4 11.0 16.1 6.8 6.3 9.4

Broad Money 2016 10.0 2.7 13.3 7.1 8.0 4.2 2017 8.3 n.a. 11.4 5.1 3.2 5.0

Causal Factors in Broad Money, mn. US $ Net Foreign Assets 2017 113,806 127,578 88,199 511,388 237,612 194,652 Domestic Credit 2017 411,592 461,540 209,478 2,605,342 471,231 582,694 Net Other Items 2017 -125,401 -165,544 47,531 -753,019 -274,857 -189,671

Money Multiplier(b) for Narrow Money 2015 1.0 2.6 1.1 5.4 2.6 1.1 2016 1.2 2.7 1.1 5.5 2.7 1.1 2017 1.2 n.a. n.a. 5.5 2.7 n.a.

for Broad Money 2015 4.4 11.4 4.0 17.1 8.6 10.6 2016 4.7 11.4 4.1 16.8 8.7 10.4 2017 4.6 n.a. 4.0 16.2 8.5 10.3

Income Velocity of Money(c) of Narrow Money 2015 11.3 3.5 5.2 2.3 2.7 8.1 2016 10.1 3.5 4.9 2.1 2.6 7.9 2017 9.9 3.0 4.4 1.9 2.4 7.3

of Broad Money 2015 2.6 0.8 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.8 2016 2.5 0.8 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.8 2017 2.5 n.a. 1.3 0.6 0.7 0.8

Fiscal Operation Indicators, % of GDP Revenue 2017 12.8 16.3 15.7 23.3 21.9(d) 18.2 Total Expenditure 2017 15.7 19.3 17.9 21.0 16.8(d) 19.9 Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) 2017 -2.9 -3.0 -2.2 1.4 5.2(d) -1.7

Table 14.10 Social Indicators : SAARC Countries

Ref. Sri Afghanis- Bangla- Indicator Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Year Lanka tan desh Human Development Index(a) (Max.: 1.000 ; Min.: 0.000) 2015 0.766 0.479 0.579 0.607 0.624 0.701 0.558 0.550 Literacy Rate, % Male 2015 93.6(b) 51.5 75.6(c) 71.1 80.9 99.8 75.8 69.6 (15 Years and over) Female 91.7(b) 23.9 69.9(c) 55.1 63.0 98.9 54.8 42.7 Labour Force Participation Rate, % Male 2017 73.0(d)(e) 86.7 79.8 74.3 78.8 82.1 85.9 82.7 Female 33.6(d)(e) 19.5 33.0 58.0 27.2 42.9 82.7 24.9 Unemployment Rate, % 2017 4.4(d)(e) n.a. 4.4 2.5(f) 2.7(g) 11.7(h) 3.0(i) 3.6(f) Employment (% of total employment) Agriculture 2017 25.5(d) 39.5(c) 40.6 43.9 53.2(j) 10.4 64.0(k) 42.3(f) Industry 2017 27.9(d) 14.8(c) 20.4 19.9 21.5(j) 18.8 9.5(k) 23.6(f) Services 2017 46.6(d) 45.7(c) 38.9 36.2 25.3(j) 70.8 25.7(k) 34.2(f) Population below the Income Poverty Line(l), % 2006–2017 n.a. 35.8 24.3 12.0 21.9 15.7 25.2 29.5 Physicians per 10,000 population 2015 9.7(d) 3.0(c) 4.7 3.8(c) 7.6(c) 36.1 6.0(i) 9.8 Hospital Beds per 10,000 people 2015 35.0(d) 5.0 8.0 17.0(g) 7.0(k) 43.0(j) 3.0(g) 6.0(i) Internet Subscriptions per 100 Persons 2016 34(d) 11 18 42 30 59 20 16 Telephones per 1,000 Persons (Main Lines) 2016 115(d) 3 5 26 18 49 30 16 Telephones per 1,000 Persons (Mobile Phones) 2016 1,501(d) 623 834 875 852 1,899 1,108 706

(a) A composite index of life expectancy, education and income. Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018, ADB (b) 2017 (c) 2016 (d) 2018 Human Development Report 2018, UNDP (e) In July 2016, DCS published a re-weighted and revised labour force data series for 2011 onwards. Department of Census and Statistics (f) 2015 (g) 2012 (h) 2010 (i) 2014 (j) 2009 (k) 2011 Central Bank of Sri Lanka (l) National Poverty Line (Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified). n.a. – Not available Table 14.11 Social Indicators : Selected East Asian Countries

Ref. Rep. of Indicator Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Year Korea Human Development Index(a) (Max.: 1.000 ; Min.: 0.000) 2015 0.689 0.789 0.682 0.901 0.925 0.740 Literacy Rate, % Male 2015 97.2 96.2 96.2 98.3(b) 98.7(c) 94.7 (15 Years and over) Female 98.6 93.1 97.0 97.6(b) 95.4(c) 91.2 Labour Force Participation Rate, % Male 2017 81.8 77.4 75.1 73.2 76.8 77.3 Female 50.7 50.8 49.6 52.2 60.5 60.5 Unemployment Rate, % 2017 4.1(c) 3.4 2.6 3.7 1.9 0.7(c) Employment (% of total employment) Agriculture 2017 29.7 11.3 25.4 4.8 0.1 31.5 Industry 2017 22.3 27.7 18.3 25.3 15.8 22.8 Services 2017 48.1 61.0 56.3 69.9 84.1 45.7 Population below the Income Poverty Line(d), % 2016–2017 10.6 n.a. 21.6 n.a. n.a. 10.5 Physicians per 10,000 population 2015 2.0(e) 15.3 n.a. 23.3(c) 22.8(c) 4.7 Hospital Beds per 10,000 people 2015 12.0 19.0 5.0(f) 115.0 24.0 21.0(f) Internet Subscriptions per 100 Persons 2016 25 79 56 93 81 48 Telephones per 1,000 Persons (Main Lines) 2016 41 155 37 552 355 68 Telephones per 1,000 Persons (Mobile Phones) 2016 1,477 1,408 1,094 1,207 1,505 1,738

(a) A composite index of life expectancy, education and income. Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018, ADB (b) 2008 (c) 2016 Human Development Report 2018, UNDP (d) National Poverty Line (Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified). (e) 2012 (f) 2010 n.a. – Not available 177 sri lanka and asia

Table 14.12 Doing Business Ranking(a) – 2019 : SAARC Countries

Sri Afghanis- Bangla- Indicator Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Lanka tan desh

Overall Rank 100 167 176 81 77 139 110 136

Starting a business 83 49 138 91 137 71 107 130 Dealing with construction permits 65 184 138 88 52 62 148 166 Getting electricity 84 168 179 73 24 145 137 167 Registering property 140 186 183 54 166 175 88 161 Getting credit 124 99 161 85 22 134 99 112 Protecting minority investors 38 26 89 125 7 132 72 26 Paying taxes 141 177 151 15 121 117 158 173 Trading across borders 93 177 176 28 80 155 82 142 Enforcing contracts 164 181 189 28 163 125 154 156 Resolving insolvency 92 74 153 168 108 139 83 53

(a) As per the new methodology. Source : Doing Business Ranking – 2019 World Bank

Table 14.13 Doing Business Ranking(a) – 2019 : Selected East Asian Countries

Rep. of Indicator Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Korea

Overall Rank 73 15 124 5 2 27

Starting a business 134 122 166 11 3 39 Dealing with construction permits 112 3 94 10 8 67 Getting electricity 33 4 29 2 16 6 Registering property 100 29 116 40 21 66 Getting credit 44 32 184 60 32 44 Protecting minority investors 51 2 132 23 7 15 Paying taxes 112 72 94 24 8 59 Trading across borders 116 48 104 33 45 59 Enforcing contracts 146 33 151 2 1 35 Resolving insolvency 36 41 63 11 27 24

(a) As per the new methodology. Source : Doing Business Ranking – 2019 World Bank 178 World tables

Table 15.1 World Tea Production – Land, Area, Exports and Imports 2009 – 2017

Country 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Production (Mn.kgs.) Sri Lanka 289.8 331.4 328.6 328.4 340.0 338.0 329.0 292.6 307.7 Bangladesh 60.0 61.6 65.9 62.2 66.3 64.5 67.4 85.1 78.9 China 1,358.6 1,475.1 1,623.2 1,789.8 1,924.5 2,095.7 2,249.0 2,404.9 2,609.0 India 979.0 966.4 1,115.7 1,126.3 1,200.4 1,207.3 1,208.7 1,267.4 1,321.8 Indonesia 152.6 151.0 150.8 137.8 145.5 144.4 132.6 137.0 134.0 total Asia 3,403.7 3,552.1 3,868.2 4,011.4 4,251.5 4,431.9 4,568.9 4,781.5 5,048.8

Kenya 314.2 399.0 377.9 369.6 432.5 445.1 399.2 473.0 439.9 Malawi 52.6 51.6 47.1 42.5 46.5 45.9 39.4 43.1 45.6 total Africa 513.5 610.0 583.1 571.9 643.2 668.5 607.9 681.0 653.9

Total CIS 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.8 9.0 Total South America 85.1 102.8 103.5 93.7 90.6 92.1 91.3 93.8 91.2 Total Oceania 8.4 8.5 8.1 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.6 8.7

total World 4,018.5 4,281.2 4,570.9 4,693.0 5,001.6 5,209.0 5,284.9 5,573.6 5,811.6

Land Area (’000 ha.) Sri Lanka 188.2 188.0 187.9 187.0 187.0 187.9 188.0 202.8 202.5 Bangladesh 54.7 54.9 54.4 54.5 55.0 56.0 56.8 59.0 59.0 China 1,848.5 1,970.2 2,112.5 2,279.9 2,468.8 2,649.8 2,791.4 2,902.7 3,059.0 India 560.6 560.6 579.4 564.0 564.0 566.7 566.7 577.5 590.0 Indonesia 124.1 122.8 122.8 122.2 122.5 118.9 114.9 117.3 116.5 total Asia 3,165.8 3,285.0 3,443.8 3,592.3 3,783.7 3,978.2 4,116.2 4,262.8 4,430.8

Kenya 158.4 171.9 187.9 190.7 198.7 203.0 209.4 218.5 232.7 Malawi 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 total Africa 270.6 287.5 307.6 311.6 323.3 330.3 339.3 350.7 371.8

Total CIS 38.3 38.3 38.4 38.4 37.4 36.4 36.4 36.5 36.4 Total South America 49.0 49.5 49.9 49.6 48.6 48.6 48.3 48.6 48.6 Total Oceania 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.0

total World 3,528.4 3,665.0 3,844.4 3,996.7 4,197.8 4,398.3 4,545.0 4,703.4 4,892.5

Percentage Share of World Tea Exports Sri Lanka 17.3 16.6 17.1 17.2 16.6 17.4 16.8 15.6 15.6 China (mainland) 18.8 16.9 18.3 18.2 17.9 16.5 18.1 18.3 19.9 India 12.1 12.2 12.1 11.6 11.6 11.2 12.5 12.1 13.8 Indonesia 5.7 4.9 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 2.9 3.0 Taiwan 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 Turkey 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 Vietnam 8.0 7.7 7.4 8.1 7.6 7.2 7.4 7.9 7.8 Other Asia 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.5 total Asia 63.5 59.8 60.7 60.7 59.2 57.9 60.1 58.9 62.4

Kenya 21.2 24.7 23.9 24.3 26.6 27.4 24.7 26.7 23.2 Malawi 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.6 Ruwanda 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 Tanzaniya 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.5 Uganda 3.0 3.0 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.6 Zimbabwe 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Other Africa 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 total Africa 31.4 34.7 33.7 34.3 36.2 37.3 34.9 36.1 32.8

Argentina 4.3 4.8 4.9 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2 Other South America 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 total Others 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total World Exports (Mt ’000) 1,615.1 1,785.9 1,762.0 1,772.9 1,858.0 1,823.5 1,793.9 1,798.8 1,791.1

Contd. 179 World tables

Table 15.1 (Contd.) World Tea Production – Land, Area, Exports and Imports 2009 – 2017

Country 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

World Tea Imports for consumption (Mn. kgs.) Europe France 13.9 15.3 14.9 14.7 15.1 13.0 14.8 12.2 14.0 Germany 19.0 24.9 25.9 29.8 28.7 31.3 32.8 32.2 28.6 Ireland (Republic) 10.7 10.2 8.6 6.7 7.0 7.8 7.3 7.9 8.8 Poland 28.7 29.4 34.0 29.5 32.4 35.6 34.8 35.5 38.1 Russian Federation 175.2 174.6 180.3 165.8 156.3 168.0 169.0 160.0 163.2 Other CIS 87.6 91.8 94.2 105.2 102.0 94.0 92.5 86.7 88.0 United Kingdom 120.1 119.2 128.1 123.3 115.3 106.3 114.9 107.2 108.3 Other Europe 45.3 45.3 44.5 45.0 45.5 46.6 46.0 45.4 48.2 Sub Total 500.5 510.8 530.5 520.1 502.3 502.7 512.1 487.1 497.2

north America and West Indies Canada 15.7 15.9 17.5 16.4 16.5 17.3 16.3 17.6 17.4 USA 110.9 126.8 127.5 125.7 130.2 129.2 129.7 131.1 126.3 Other Countries 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.8 2.7 2.5 Sub Total 128.3 144.6 146.9 144.1 148.7 148.6 148.8 151.4 146.2

latin America Chile 18.0 21.4 21.9 21.1 20.4 21.2 21.3 20.9 19.4 Other Countries 4.9 5.0 5.4 5.6 6.3 6.4 6.8 7.4 7.8 Sub Total 22.9 26.4 27.3 26.7 26.7 27.6 28.1 28.3 27.2

Asia Afghanistan 48.0 57.7 46.6 49.3 71.8 68.0 54.5 55.9 32.7 Dubai 54.0 63.0 53.0 46.4 57.4 67.0 68.0 62.0 58.0 Jordan 11.8 15.8 9.0 10.2 9.9 6.7 7.2 7.5 8.3 Iran 50.5 55.0 66.5 70.5 80.0 61.1 59.5 65.4 63.0 Iraq 43.8 41.4 40.8 38.9 33.4 31.3 37.0 39.3 40.6 Pakistan 85.7 120.3 126.2 131.3 126.6 137.9 151.9 173.8 175.0 Saudi Arabia 13.5 14.8 16.4 14.6 15.2 16.0 16.7 16.2 16.6 Syria 30.3 27.3 28.0 24.2 20.2 14.0 12.0 13.3 8.6 Yeman 14.4 16.0 14.8 13.9 17.7 16.7 13.4 12.5 14.2 Other Asian Countries 58.6 61.4 60.7 59.5 72.4 79.1 71.7 73.7 72.6 Sub Total 410.6 472.7 462.0 458.8 504.6 497.8 491.9 519.6 489.6

Africa Egypt 77.6 93.5 84.0 98.4 100.7 103.3 87.9 88.5 96.8 Libya 9.5 12.4 8.9 20.0 10.8 15.0 14.3 15.0 18.0 Morocco 53.7 56.3 58.5 53.7 57.3 59.0 64.4 67.3 70.5 South Africa 19.5 19.8 19.5 17.0 17.7 19.9 19.9 22.5 21.7 Sudan 23.2 29.1 25.0 23.5 28.2 27.0 29.0 26.0 21.7 Tunisia 8.8 10.5 12.8 8.0 6.8 7.0 6.4 5.9 7.6 Other African Countries 88.4 100.6 104.6 104.5 123.5 123.7 127.7 132.0 133.7 Sub Total 280.7 322.2 313.3 325.1 345.0 354.9 349.6 357.2 370.0

Oceania Australia 12.3 12.5 11.8 11.4 11.8 11.6 10.5 10.7 10.8 Other Oceanian Countries 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.2 Sub Total 18.1 18.4 17.6 17.1 17.6 17.5 16.5 16.6 17.0

major Producing Countries in Asia 141.6 160.9 174.2 173.1 189.8 192.2 174.5 175.0 180.6

total Imports 1,502.6 1,656.0 1,671.9 1,665.0 1,734.7 1,741.2 1,721.5 1,735.3 1,728.5

Source : Annual Statistics Bulletin – 2017, International Tea Committee 180 World tables

Table 15.2 Growth of Real GDP Per cent

Average Region / Country 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2001–2010

Advanced Economies 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.4 2.1 2.3 1.7 2.4 2.2 Australia 3.1 2.8 3.9 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.8 Canada 1.9 3.1 1.8 2.3 2.9 0.7 1.1 3.0 1.8 Denmark 0.8 1.3 0.2 0.9 1.6 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.2 France 1.3 2.2 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.1 1.2 2.2 1.5 Germany 0.9 3.7 0.7 0.6 2.2 1.5 2.2 2.5 1.5 Greece 1.8 -9.1 -7.3 -3.2 0.7 -0.4 -0.2 1.5 2.1 Japan 0.6 -0.1 1.5 2.0 0.4 1.2 0.6 1.9 0.8 Korea 4.4 3.7 2.3 2.9 3.3 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.7 Israel 3.2 5.1 2.2 4.3 3.9 2.6 4.0 3.5 3.3 Italy 0.3 0.6 -2.8 -1.7 0.1 0.9 1.1 1.6 0.9 New Zealand 2.7 1.9 2.5 2.2 3.1 4.0 4.2 2.6 3.0 Singapore 5.8 6.5 4.3 5.0 4.1 2.5 2.8 3.9 3.2 Sweden 2.1 2.7 -0.3 1.2 2.6 4.5 2.7 2.1 2.3 United Kingdom 1.6 1.6 1.4 2.0 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.4 United States 1.7 1.6 2.2 1.8 2.5 2.9 1.6 2.2 2.9 Emerging and Developing Economies 6.2 6.4 5.4 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.6 4.8 4.5 Sub-Saharan Africa 5.9 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.1 3.2 1.4 2.9 3.0 Botswana 4.1 6.0 4.5 11.3 4.1 -1.7 4.3 2.9 4.6 Ethiopia 8.5 11.4 8.7 9.9 10.3 10.4 8.0 10.1 7.7 Ghana 5.8 17.4 9.0 7.9 2.9 2.2 3.4 8.1 5.6 Kenya 4.2 6.1 4.6 5.9 5.4 5.7 5.9 4.9 6.0 Nigeria 8.9 4.9 4.3 5.4 6.3 2.7 -1.6 0.8 1.9 South Africa 3.5 3.3 2.2 2.5 1.8 1.2 0.4 1.4 0.8 Tanzania 6.3 7.9 5.1 6.8 6.7 6.2 6.9 6.8 6.6 Uganda 7.9 6.8 2.2 4.7 4.6 5.7 2.3 5.0 6.2 Zimbabwe -3.9 14.2 16.7 2.0 2.4 1.8 0.7 4.7 3.4 Emerging & Developing Asia 8.4 7.9 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.4 Bangladesh 5.8 6.5 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.8 7.2 7.6 7.7 Bhutan 8.4 9.7 6.4 3.6 4.0 6.2 7.3 7.4 5.8 China 10.5 9.5 7.9 7.8 7.3 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.6 Fiji 1.3 2.7 1.4 4.7 5.6 3.8 0.7 3.0 3.2 India 7.5 6.6 5.5 6.4 7.4 8.0 8.2 7.2 7.1 Indonesia 5.4 6.2 6.0 5.6 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 Malaysia 4.6 5.3 5.5 4.7 6.0 5.1 4.2 5.9 4.7 Maldives 6.5 8.4 2.4 7.3 7.3 2.9 7.3 6.9 7.0 Myanmar 10.3 5.6 7.3 8.4 8.0 7.0 5.9 6.8 2.1 Nepal 4.0 3.4 4.8 4.1 6.0 3.3 0.6 7.9 6.3 Papua New Guinea 4.0 1.1 4.6 3.8 15.4 5.3 1.7 2.4 0.0 Philippines 4.8 3.7 6.7 7.1 6.1 6.1 6.9 6.7 6.2 Sri Lanka 5.1 8.4 9.1 3.4 5.0 5.0 4.5 3.3 3.0 Thailand 4.6 0.8 7.2 2.7 1.0 3.1 3.4 4.0 4.1 Emerging & Developing Europe 3.9 6.7 2.6 4.9 3.9 4.8 3.3 6.0 3.6 Hungary 2.0 1.7 -1.6 2.1 4.2 3.5 2.3 4.1 4.9 Poland 3.9 5.0 1.6 1.4 3.3 3.8 3.1 4.8 5.1 Romania 4.2 2.0 2.1 3.5 3.4 3.9 4.8 7.0 4.1 Turkey 4.0 11.1 4.8 8.5 5.2 6.1 3.2 7.4 2.6 Middle East, North Africa, afghanistan and Pakistan 5.1 4.4 4.8 2.6 2.9 2.6 5.2 2.2 1.8 Afghanistan – 6.5 14.0 5.7 2.7 1.0 2.2 2.7 2.3 Bahrain 5.4 2.0 3.7 5.4 4.4 2.9 3.5 3.8 1.8 Egypt 4.9 1.8 2.2 3.3 2.9 4.4 4.3 4.2 5.3 Iran 4.7 3.1 -7.7 -0.3 3.2 -1.6 12.5 3.7 -3.9 Jordan 6.0 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.1 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.0 Kuwait 4.6 9.6 6.6 1.2 0.5 0.6 2.9 -3.5 1.7 Pakistan 4.5 3.6 3.8 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.6 5.4 5.2 Saudi Arabia 3.4 10.0 5.4 2.7 3.7 4.1 1.7 -0.7 2.2 latin America and the Caribbean 3.2 4.6 2.9 2.9 1.3 0.3 -0.6 1.2 1.0 Argentina 3.4 6.0 -1.0 2.4 -2.5 2.7 -2.1 2.7 -2.5 Brazil 3.7 4.0 1.9 3.0 0.5 -3.5 -3.3 1.1 1.1 Chile 4.2 6.1 5.3 4.0 1.8 2.3 1.7 1.3 4.0 Colombia 4.0 7.4 3.9 4.6 4.7 3.0 2.1 1.4 2.7 Jamaica 0.6 1.4 -0.5 0.2 0.6 0.9 1.5 0.7 1.4 Mexico 1.5 3.7 3.6 1.4 2.8 3.3 2.9 2.1 2.0 Panama 5.9 11.3 9.8 6.9 5.1 5.7 5.0 5.3 3.9 Paraguay 3.7 4.2 -0.5 8.4 4.9 3.1 4.3 5.0 3.7 Peru 5.6 6.5 6.0 5.8 2.4 3.3 4.0 2.5 4.0 Uruguay 3.2 5.2 3.5 4.6 3.2 0.4 1.7 2.7 2.1 World 3.9 4.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.6

Sources : World Economic Outlook, April 2019, IMF Department of Census and Statistics 181 World tables

Table 15.3

(a) Consumer Price Changes Per cent

Average Region / Country 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2001–2010

Advanced Economies 2.0 2.7 2.0 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.8 1.7 2.0 Australia 3.0 3.4 1.7 2.5 2.5 1.5 1.3 2.0 2.0 Canada 2.0 2.9 1.5 0.9 1.9 1.1 1.4 1.6 2.2 Denmark 2.0 2.7 2.4 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.1 0.7 France 1.9 2.3 2.2 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.3 1.2 2.1 Germany 1.6 2.5 2.2 1.6 0.8 0.7 0.4 1.7 1.9 Greece 3.4 3.1 1.0 -0.9 -1.4 -1.1 0.0 1.1 0.8 Hong Kong 0.4 5.3 4.1 4.3 4.4 3.0 2.4 1.5 2.4 Israel 2.1 3.4 1.7 1.5 0.5 -0.6 -0.5 0.2 0.8 Italy 2.2 2.9 3.3 1.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1 1.3 1.2 Japan -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.3 2.8 0.8 -0.1 0.5 1.0 Korea 3.2 4.0 2.2 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.0 1.9 1.5 New Zealand 2.6 4.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.6 1.9 1.6 Singapore 1.6 5.2 4.6 2.4 1.0 -0.5 -0.5 0.6 0.4 Sweden 1.9 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.7 1.1 1.9 2.0 United Kingdom 2.1 4.5 2.8 2.6 1.5 0.0 0.7 2.7 2.5 United States 2.4 3.1 2.1 1.5 1.6 0.1 1.3 2.1 2.4 Emerging and Developing Economies 6.6 7.1 5.8 5.5 4.7 4.7 4.2 4.3 4.8 Sub-Saharan Africa 9.9 9.3 9.2 6.6 6.4 7.0 11.2 11.0 8.5 Botswana 8.6 8.5 7.5 5.9 4.4 3.1 2.8 3.3 3.2 Ethiopia 11.1 33.2 24.1 8.1 7.4 9.6 6.6 10.7 13.8 Ghana 15.9 7.7 7.1 11.7 15.5 17.2 17.5 12.4 9.8 Kenya 7.0 14.0 9.4 5.7 6.9 6.6 6.3 8.0 4.7 Nigeria 12.9 10.8 12.2 8.5 8.0 9.0 15.7 16.5 12.1 South Africa 5.9 5.0 5.6 5.8 6.1 4.6 6.3 5.3 4.6 Tanzania 6.6 12.7 16.0 7.9 6.1 5.6 5.2 5.3 3.5 Uganda 6.4 15.0 12.7 4.9 3.1 5.4 5.5 5.6 2.6 Zambia 15.4 8.7 6.6 7.0 7.8 10.1 17.9 6.6 7.0 Zimbabwe -5.6 3.5 3.7 1.6 -0.2 -2.4 -1.6 0.9 10.6 Emerging and Developing Asia 4.3 6.5 4.6 4.6 3.4 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.6 Bangladesh 6.3 11.5 6.2 7.5 7.0 6.2 5.7 5.6 5.6 Bhutan 4.6 7.3 9.3 11.3 9.5 7.6 7.6 5.5 3.6 China 2.1 5.4 2.6 2.6 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.6 2.1 Fiji 3.7 7.3 3.4 2.9 0.5 1.4 3.9 3.4 4.1 India 6.5 9.5 10.0 9.4 5.8 4.9 4.5 3.6 3.5 Indonesia 8.6 5.3 4.0 6.4 6.4 6.4 3.5 3.8 3.2 Malaysia 2.2 3.2 1.7 2.1 3.1 2.1 2.1 3.8 1.0 Maldives 4.0 11.3 10.9 3.8 2.1 1.9 0.8 2.3 1.5 Mongolia 8.8 7.7 15.0 8.6 12.9 5.9 0.5 4.6 7.6 Myanmar 20.1 2.8 2.8 5.7 5.1 10.0 6.8 4.0 3.5 Nepal 6.1 9.6 8.3 9.9 9.0 7.2 9.9 4.5 4.2 Papua New Guinea 6.5 4.4 4.5 5.0 5.2 6.0 6.7 5.4 4.7 Philippines 5.2 4.8 3.0 2.6 3.6 0.7 1.3 2.9 5.2 Sri Lanka(b) 9.6 6.7 7.6 6.9 3.3 2.2 4.0 6.6 4.3 Thailand 2.6 3.8 3.0 2.2 1.9 -0.9 0.2 0.7 1.1 Emerging and Developing Europe 10.2 5.5 6.1 4.5 4.1 3.2 3.2 6.2 8.7 Albania 3.0 3.4 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.3 2.0 2.0 Croatia 2.8 2.3 3.4 2.2 -0.2 -0.5 -1.1 1.1 1.5 Hungary 5.6 3.9 5.7 1.7 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 2.4 2.8 Poland 2.8 4.3 3.7 0.9 0.0 -0.9 -0.6 2.0 1.6 Romania 12.1 5.8 3.3 4.0 1.1 -0.6 -1.6 1.3 4.6 Turkey 17.5 6.5 8.9 7.5 8.9 7.7 7.8 11.1 16.3 commonwealth of Independent States 12.1 9.8 6.2 6.5 8.1 15.5 8.3 5.5 4.5 Georgia 6.6 8.5 -0.9 -0.5 3.1 4.0 2.1 6.0 2.6 Kazakhstan 8.6 8.3 5.1 5.8 6.7 6.7 14.6 7.4 6.0 Russia 12.5 8.4 5.1 6.8 7.8 15.5 7.1 3.7 2.9 Tajikistan 13.5 12.4 5.8 5.0 6.1 5.8 5.9 7.3 3.8 Ukraine 11.1 8.0 0.6 -0.3 12.1 48.7 13.9 14.4 10.9 Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan and Pakistan 7.1 9.3 9.8 9.2 6.7 5.4 4.7 6.4 10.4 Afghanistan n.a. 11.8 6.4 7.4 4.7 -0.7 4.4 5.0 0.6 Algeria 3.6 4.5 8.9 3.3 2.9 4.8 6.4 5.6 4.3 Bahrain 1.8 -0.4 2.8 3.3 2.7 1.8 2.8 1.4 2.1 Egypt 7.9 11.1 8.6 6.9 10.1 11.0 10.2 23.5 20.9 Iran 14.7 21.5 30.6 34.7 15.6 11.9 9.1 9.6 31.2 Jordan 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.8 2.9 -0.9 -0.8 3.3 4.5 Kuwait 3.2 4.9 3.2 2.7 3.1 3.7 3.5 1.5 0.7 Lebanon 2.6 5.0 6.6 4.8 1.8 -3.7 -0.8 4.5 6.1 Pakistan 8.1 13.7 11.0 7.4 8.6 4.5 2.9 4.1 3.9 Saudi Arabia 2.1 3.8 2.9 3.5 2.2 1.3 2.0 -0.9 2.5 latin America and the Caribbean 5.8 5.2 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.5 5.6 6.0 6.2 Argentina 9.5 9.8 10.0 10.6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 25.7 34.3 Brazil 6.6 6.6 5.4 6.2 6.3 9.0 8.7 3.4 3.7 Chile 3.2 3.3 3.0 1.8 4.7 4.3 3.8 2.2 2.3 Colombia 5.6 3.4 3.2 2.0 2.9 5.0 7.5 4.3 3.2 Jamaica 11.8 7.5 6.9 9.4 8.3 3.7 2.3 4.4 3.7 Mexico 4.7 3.4 4.1 3.8 4.0 2.7 2.8 6.0 4.9 Panama 2.6 5.9 5.7 4.0 2.6 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.8 Paraguay 7.8 8.2 3.7 2.7 5.0 3.1 4.1 3.6 4.0 Peru 2.4 3.4 3.7 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.6 2.8 1.3 Uruguay 8.7 8.1 8.1 8.6 8.9 8.7 9.6 6.2 7.6

(a) Percentage change of annual average Consumer Price Index. Sources : World Economic Outlook, April 2019, IMF (b) Colombo Consumer Price Index (1952 = 100) was used for 2000 to 2003. Department of Census and Statistics Colombo Consumer Price Index (2002 = 100) was used from 2004 to 2009. Colombo Consumer Price Index (2006/07 = 100) was used from 2010 to 2014. Colombo Consumer Price Index (2013 = 100) was used from 2015 onwards. n.a. – Not available. 182 World tables

Table 15.4 Exports US dollars Billion

Region / Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Advanced Economies 9,256.8 10,747.7 10,531.2 10,685.2 10,837.3 9,605.6 9,504.6 10,059.7 Australia 212.6 270.4 256.4 252.6 240.0 187.7 192.5 231.0 Canada 392.3 461.3 462.0 465.4 478.7 410.8 393.5 423.7 Denmark 96.2 112.7 106.1 110.5 110.7 94.6 95.2 101.7 France 523.7 596.2 569.1 580.5 580.9 506.1 501.4 535.0 Germany 1,258.5 1,473.7 1,401.6 1,444.9 1,494.2 1,326.2 1,334.4 1,448.0 Greece 28.0 33.8 35.5 36.6 36.1 28.7 28.1 32.5 Hong Kong 390.4 429.2 443.2 459.3 474.0 465.5 462.6 497.6 Israel 50.9 58.1 54.0 56.9 57.7 53.5 60.4 61.1 Italy 446.9 523.3 501.5 518.1 529.8 457.0 461.7 506.2 Japan 769.8 822.6 798.6 714.6 690.2 624.8 644.9 698.2 Korea 466.4 555.2 547.9 559.6 572.7 526.8 495.4 574.1 New Zealand 31.3 37.7 37.3 39.4 41.6 34.4 33.7 38.1 Singapore 351.9 409.5 408.4 410.2 409.3 346.6 338.1 373.2 Sweden 158.4 186.9 172.4 167.5 164.6 140.0 139.3 153.1 United Kingdom 410.1 478.2 474.6 476.6 476.8 438.0 408.1 441.2 United States 1,278.5 1,482.5 1,545.8 1,578.5 1,621.9 1,503.1 1,451.0 1,546.7 Emerging and Developing Economies 5,549.2 6,930.7 7,203.7 7,508.7 7,619.4 6,507.7 6,106.0 7,062.8 Sub-Saharan Africa 239.7 312.2 303.5 424.3 468.1 374.2 296.3 288.2 Botswana 4.7 5.9 6.7 7.9 8.5 6.3 7.4 n.a. Central African Republic 0.1 0.1 0.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Congo, Republic of 8.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Ethiopia 1.8 2.6 3.1 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.8 n.a. Kenya 5.2 5.8 6.1 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.7 n.a. South Africa 91.3 108.8 99.6 95.9 93.0 80.9 76.3 88.8 Tanzania 3.8 4.4 5.1 3.2 4.6 4.9 4.4 2.9 Uganda 2.2 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.5 n.a. Zimbabwe n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. emerging and Developing Asia 2,531.1 3,071.4 3,236.3 3,435.4 3,594.2 3,416.8 3,268.0 3,569.8 Bangladesh 14.2 19.8 22.2 25.9 27.0 29.9 30.2 31.4 Bhutan 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 China 1,577.8 1,898.4 2,049.7 2,210.7 2,343.2 2,282.4 2,136.7 2,280.4 Fiji 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 India 222.8 305.2 296.4 313.3 321.5 267.3 264.5 298.9 Indonesia 157.8 200.7 188.5 182.7 176.3 150.5 144.3 168.7 Malaysia 198.6 228.1 227.5 228.3 233.9 199.2 189.4 217.8 Maldives 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Mongolia 2.9 4.8 4.4 4.3 5.8 4.7 4.9 6.2 Myanmar 8.7 9.2 8.9 11.3 11.3 11.4 n.a. n.a. Nepal 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. Papua New Guinea 5.7 6.9 6.3 6.0 8.8 8.5 8.2 n.a. Philippines 51.5 48.3 52.1 56.7 62.1 58.6 57.4 63.2 Sri Lanka 8.6 10.6 9.8 10.4 11.1 10.5 10.3 11.4 Thailand 192.9 221.4 227.7 227.5 226.6 214.0 214.3 235.1 Vietnam 71.7 95.4 115.4 132.7 150.1 162.5 176.5 n.a. Europe 1,038.5 1,323.5 1,335.1 1,358.9 1,347.3 1,056.7 991.8 1,172.6 Poland 159.8 187.2 183.5 202.1 216.7 198.2 203.9 230.8 Romania 49.4 62.7 57.9 65.9 69.9 60.6 63.6 70.8 Russia 392.7 515.4 527.4 521.8 496.8 341.5 281.7 353.1 Turkey 114.0 135.3 152.9 152.0 157.8 144.0 142.7 157.2 Ukraine 51.5 68.5 68.5 64.3 54.2 37.9 36.4 43.2 middle East, North Africa and Pakistan 941.9 1,247.3 1,342.2 1,293.7 1,232.2 806.9 712.4 865.3 Bahrain 15.4 n.a. n.a. 9.0 8.4 8.8 6.7 7.0 Egypt 26.4 30.5 29.4 28.5 26.9 21.2 22.1 n.a. Jordan 7.0 8.0 7.9 7.9 8.4 7.8 7.5 7.5 Kuwait 67.4 102.1 118.9 115.1 102.7 55.2 46.3 54.9 Pakistan 21.0 25.2 24.4 25.0 24.5 21.9 20.4 n.a. Saudi Arabia 251.1 364.7 388.4 375.9 342.5 203.5 183.6 221.0 United Arab Emirates 220.0 285.0 300.0 365.0 359.0 265.0 n.a. n.a. Western Hemisphere 798.0 976.3 986.8 996.4 977.6 853.0 837.6 971.2 Argentina 68.5 84.1 80.9 83.0 72.0 56.8 57.7 n.a. Brazil 201.9 256.0 242.6 242.0 225.1 191.1 185.3 217.8 Chile 71.1 81.4 78.1 76.8 75.1 62.2 60.6 68.3 Guyana 0.9 1.1 1.4 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Jamaica 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 n.a. Mexico 298.5 349.4 370.8 380.0 396.9 380.5 373.9 409.5 Panama 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 n.a. Paraguay 6.5 7.8 7.3 9.5 9.6 8.3 8.5 8.7 Peru 35.8 46.4 47.4 42.9 39.5 34.4 37.0 44.9 Uruguay 6.7 7.9 8.7 9.1 9.1 7.7 7.0 7.9 World 14,806.0 17,678.3 17,734.9 18,193.9 18,456.7 16,113.3 15,610.6 17,307.4

n.a. – Not available. Sources : International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2018, IMF Central Bank of Sri Lanka 183 World tables

Table 15.5 Imports US dollars Billion

Region / Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Advanced Economies 9,865.2 11,546.6 11,343.3 11,353.6 11,525.8 10,112.2 9,967.3 10,632.9 Australia 193.7 234.2 250.4 232.6 228.1 200.6 189.3 221.3 Canada 401.7 460.9 475.2 473.3 474.4 429.4 413.2 442.2 Denmark 82.7 96.0 91.3 97.3 99.0 85.2 85.3 92.4 France 611.0 719.7 675.0 682.4 678.8 573.1 571.9 629.3 Germany 1,054.3 1,254.7 1,155.5 1,181.1 1,207.2 1,051.1 1,055.3 1,166.7 Greece 67.6 67.7 63.4 62.2 63.5 48.3 48.2 56.4 Hong Kong 433.5 484.0 504.7 524.1 544.9 522.6 517.0 559.5 Japan 694.1 855.0 886.0 832.3 812.2 648.0 607.6 671.3 Korea 425.2 524.4 519.6 515.5 525.5 436.5 406.2 478.5 Israel 58.7 72.7 72.3 71.1 71.5 61.3 65.8 69.2 Italy 487.0 558.8 489.1 479.3 474.4 410.9 406.8 452.1 New Zealand 30.6 37.1 38.3 39.6 42.5 36.6 36.1 40.1 Singapore 310.8 365.8 379.7 373.0 366.2 296.7 291.9 327.7 Sweden 148.8 177.0 164.6 160.6 162.2 138.3 141.0 154.0 United Kingdom 562.7 638.6 646.5 645.3 663.3 618.4 591.0 615.9 United States 1,969.9 2,266.0 2,336.5 2,328.5 2,421.3 2,315.3 2,250.2 2,409.5 Emerging and Developing Economies 5,300.7 6,557.1 6,821.4 7,149.5 7,141.5 6,149.6 5,881.0 6,697.8 Sub-Saharan Africa 293.5 352.3 351.1 369.4 375.5 326.3 288.5 294.7 Botswana 5.7 7.3 9.1 8.4 8.1 7.2 6.1 n.a. Central African Republic 0.2 0.3 0.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Congo, Republic of 2.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Ethiopia 7.6 7.9 10.8 11.2 13.4 16.1 16.2 n.a. Kenya 12.1 14.8 16.3 16.4 18.4 16.1 14.1 n.a. Nigeria 44.2 65.3 35.7 44.6 46.5 34.9 35.5 n.a. South Africa 84.9 105.3 108.4 108.2 104.8 90.4 78.9 87.1 Tanzania 7.9 10.8 11.3 9.1 12.0 10.8 7.9 5.6 Uganda 4.4 5.1 5.3 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.8 n.a. Zimbabwe n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. emerging and Developing Asia 2,440.4 3,088.0 3,257.2 3,457.7 3,456.7 3,003.0 2,873.9 3,298.2 Bangladesh 26.1 34.0 34.2 37.6 39.2 39.5 41.2 47.7 Bhutan 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 China 1,396.2 1,742.9 1,818.2 1,949.3 1,963.1 1,680.8 1,589.5 1,846.0 Fiji 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.4 India 329.9 459.7 488.6 469.4 462.5 392.7 361.6 445.7 Indonesia 132.1 176.9 191.5 186.6 178.2 142.7 135.5 156.9 Malaysia 164.6 187.5 196.4 205.9 208.9 176.0 168.4 195.1 Maldives 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.4 Mongolia 3.2 6.6 6.7 6.4 5.2 3.8 3.4 4.3 Myanmar 4.8 9.0 9.0 12.1 16.2 16.9 n.a. n.a. Nepal 5.1 5.4 5.4 6.0 7.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. Papua New Guinea n.a. n.a. n.a. 5.4 4.0 2.6 2.1 n.a. Philippines 58.5 64.1 65.8 65.7 68.7 74.8 89.4 98.5 Sri Lanka 13.5 20.3 19.2 18.0 19.4 18.9 19.2 21.0 Thailand 185.1 229.1 250.6 249.7 228.0 201.9 195.2 225.1 Vietnam 83.8 104.2 114.2 131.9 149.3 166.4 174.2 n.a. Europe 1,034.6 1,297.3 1,298.4 1,337.6 1,287.6 1,012.6 1,006.6 1,192.4 Hungary 87.6 101.0 94.3 99.1 103.9 90.7 91.4 103.7 Poland 178.1 206.8 196.2 205.2 219.9 194.1 199.6 230.4 Romania 61.9 76.3 70.3 73.4 77.9 69.9 74.6 85.5 Russia 270.2 350.4 369.3 375.4 338.7 212.2 210.8 237.8 Turkey 185.5 241.1 237.3 251.6 242.0 207.0 198.6 233.8 Ukraine 60.9 82.6 84.6 76.8 54.3 36.3 39.2 49.4 middle East, North Africa and Pakistan 731.0 837.4 914.4 967.3 997.4 900.3 824.9 802.2 Bahrain 9.8 n.a. n.a. 10.0 12.2 12.5 11.6 13.2 Egypt 52.9 58.9 69.2 59.7 66.8 62.5 57.8 n.a. Jordan 15.1 18.5 20.7 21.8 23.0 20.0 19.5 20.4 Kuwait 25.7 25.1 27.3 29.3 31.0 31.9 30.8 33.6 Oman 50.5 61.5 76.6 89.9 76.5 75.4 n.a. n.a. Pakistan 37.8 44.0 44.1 44.6 47.4 43.8 46.8 n.a. Saudi Arabia 105.1 128.7 152.1 168.2 173.8 174.7 140.2 130.1 United Arab Emirates 165.0 205.0 220.0 245.0 262.0 230.0 n.a. n.a. Western Hemisphere 801.1 982.1 1,000.3 1,017.5 1,024.2 907.5 887.2 932.5 Argentina 56.4 74.3 68.5 74.0 65.3 59.8 55.6 n.a. Brazil 191.5 237.0 233.4 250.6 239.2 178.8 143.5 157.5 Chile 59.0 74.9 80.1 79.4 72.9 62.5 58.8 65.2 Colombia 40.7 54.7 58.1 59.4 64.0 54.1 44.9 n.a. Guyana 1.4 1.8 2.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Jamaica 5.3 6.4 6.3 6.2 5.8 5.0 4.8 n.a. Mexico 316.6 368.4 389.3 400.3 420.0 415.0 387.1 420.4 Paraguay 10.0 12.4 11.6 12.1 12.2 10.3 9.8 11.9 Peru 29.9 37.7 42.0 41.5 43.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. Uruguay 8.6 10.7 11.7 11.6 11.5 9.5 8.1 8.5 World 15,165.9 18,103.7 18,164.7 18,503.1 18,667.4 16,261.9 15,848.3 17,499.1 n.a. – Not available. Sources : International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2018, IMF Central Bank of Sri Lanka 184 World tables

Table 15.6 Human Development Index (HDI) and Sub Indices of HDI – 2017

Gross National Human Life Man Expected Human Income (GNI) Develop- Change HDI Expectancy Years of Years of Country Development per Capita ment in Rank Rank at Birth Schooling Schooling Index (HDI) (2011 PPP $) Index 2012–2017 2017 2017(a) 2017(a) 2017 2016

Very High Human Development Australia 0.939 3 83.1 43,560 12.9 22.9 0.938 0 Canada 0.926 12 82.5 43,433 13.3 16.4 0.922 0 Finland 0.920 15 81.5 41,002 12.4 17.6 0.918 -3 France 0.901 24 82.7 39,254 11.5 16.4 0.899 0 Germany 0.936 5 81.2 46,136 14.1 17.0 0.934 -1 Hong Kong, China (SAR) 0.933 7 84.1 58,420 12.0 16.3 0.930 3 Iceland 0.935 6 82.9 45,810 12.4 19.3 0.933 5 Japan 0.909 19 83.9 38,986 12.8 15.2 0.907 1 Korea (Republic of) 0.903 22 82.4 35,945 12.1 16.5 0.900 1 Lithuania 0.858 35 74.8 28,314 13.0 16.1 0.855 5 Netherlands 0.931 10 82.0 47,900 12.2 18.0 0.928 -4 New Zealand 0.917 16 82.0 33,970 12.5 18.9 0.915 -1 Norway 0.953 1 82.3 68,012 12.6 17.9 0.951 0 Romania 0.811 52 75.6 22,646 11.0 14.3 0.807 2 Saudi Arabia 0.853 39 74.7 49,680 9.5 16.9 0.854 0 Singapore 0.932 9 83.2 82,503 11.5 16.2 0.930 -2 Spain 0.891 26 83.3 34,258 9.8 17.9 0.889 1 Sweden 0.933 7 82.6 47,766 12.4 17.6 0.932 5 United Arab Emirates 0.863 34 77.4 67,805 10.8 13.6 0.862 1 United Kingdom 0.922 14 81.2 39,116 12.9 17.4 0.920 5 United States 0.924 13 79.5 54,941 13.4 16.5 0.922 -5 Malaysia 0.802 57 75.5 26,107 10.2 13.7 0.799 1

High Human Development Algeria 0.754 85 76.3 13,802 8.0 14.4 0.752 -3 China 0.752 86 76.4 15,270 7.8 13.8 0.748 7 Fiji 0.741 92 69.5 10,103 10.1 15.5 0.738 5 Maldives 0.717 101 77.6 13,567 6.3 12.6 0.712 4 Mexico 0.774 74 77.3 16,944 8.6 14.1 0.772 -1 Peru 0.750 89 75.2 11,789 9.2 13.8 0.748 0 Sri Lanka 0.770 76 75.5 11,326 10.9 13.9 0.768 -3 Thailand 0.755 83 75.5 15,516 7.6 14.7 0.748 4 Turkey 0.791 64 76.0 24,804 8.0 15.2 0.787 8 Botswana 0.717 101 67.6 15,534 9.3 12.6 0.712 8

Medium Human Development Bangladesh 0.608 136 72.8 3,677 5.8 11.4 0.597 7 Cambodia 0.582 146 69.3 3,413 4.8 11.7 0.576 0 Egypt 0.696 115 71.7 10,355 7.2 13.1 0.694 0 India 0.640 130 68.8 6,353 6.4 12.3 0.636 2 Indonesia 0.694 116 69.4 10,846 8.0 12.8 0.691 -1 Myanmar 0.578 148 66.7 5,567 4.9 10.0 0.574 0 Nepal 0.574 149 70.6 2,471 4.9 12.2 0.569 0 Pakistan 0.562 150 66.6 5,311 5.2 8.6 0.560 1 Philippines 0.699 113 69.2 9,154 9.3 12.6 0.696 1 Vietnam 0.694 116 76.5 5,859 8.2 12.7 0.689 1 Angola 0.581 147 61.8 5,790 5.1 11.8 0.577 3

Low Human Development Ethiopia 0.463 173 65.9 1,719 2.7 8.5 0.457 3 Nigeria 0.532 157 53.9 5,231 6.2 10.0 0.530 -2 Papua New Guinea 0.544 153 65.7 3,403 4.6 10.0 0.543 -1 Syrian Arab Republic 0.536 155 71.0 2,337 5.1 8.8 0.536 -27 Uganda 0.516 162 60.2 1,658 6.1 11.6 0.508 2

World 0.728 – 72.2 15,295 8.4 12.7 0.726 –

(a) Data refer to 2017 or the most recent year available. Source : Human Development Indices and Indicators – 2018 Statistical Updates 185 World tables

Table 15.7 Human Development Index 1990 – 2017

HDI Rank Country 1990 2000 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017 2017

Very High Human Development 0.787 0.831 0.873 0.887 0.890 0.892 0.894 Australia 0.866 0.898 0.923 0.933 0.936 0.938 0.939 3 Canada 0.849 0.867 0.902 0.918 0.920 0.922 0.926 12 Finland 0.784 0.858 0.903 0.914 0.915 0.918 0.920 15 France 0.779 0.849 0.882 0.894 0.898 0.899 0.901 24 Germany 0.801 0.868 0.921 0.930 0.933 0.934 0.936 5 Hong Kong, China (SAR) 0.781 0.827 0.901 0.923 0.927 0.930 0.933 7 Iceland 0.802 0.860 0.891 0.925 0.927 0.933 0.935 6 Italy 0.769 0.830 0.870 0.874 0.876 0.878 0.880 28 Japan 0.816 0.855 0.885 0.903 0.905 0.907 0.909 19 Korea (Republic of) 0.728 0.817 0.884 0.896 0.898 0.900 0.903 22 Lithuania 0.732 0.756 0.824 0.851 0.852 0.855 0.858 35 Netherlands 0.829 0.876 0.910 0.924 0.926 0.928 0.931 10 New Zealand 0.818 0.869 0.899 0.910 0.914 0.915 0.917 16 Norway 0.850 0.917 0.942 0.946 0.948 0.951 0.953 1 Romania 0.701 0.709 0.797 0.802 0.805 0.807 0.811 52 Russian Federation 0.734 0.720 0.780 0.807 0.813 0.815 0.816 49 Singapore 0.718 0.819 0.909 0.928 0.929 0.930 0.932 9 Spain 0.754 0.825 0.865 0.880 0.885 0.889 0.891 26 Sweden 0.816 0.897 0.905 0.920 0.929 0.932 0.933 7 Switzerland 0.832 0.889 0.932 0.939 0.942 0.943 0.944 2 United Arab Emirates 0.727 0.798 0.836 0.855 0.860 0.862 0.863 34 United Kingdom 0.775 0.867 0.905 0.919 0.918 0.920 0.922 14 United States 0.860 0.885 0.914 0.918 0.920 0.922 0.924 13 Malaysia 0.643 0.725 0.772 0.790 0.795 0.799 0.802 57

High Human Development 0.571 0.635 0.718 0.745 0.750 0.754 0.757 Algeria 0.577 0.644 0.729 0.747 0.749 0.752 0.754 85 China 0.502 0.594 0.706 0.738 0.743 0.748 0.752 86 Mexico 0.650 0.702 0.743 0.761 0.767 0.772 0.774 74 Maldives – 0.606 0.671 0.705 0.710 0.712 0.717 101 Peru 0.611 0.678 0.717 0.746 0.745 0.748 0.750 89 Sri Lanka 0.625 0.685 0.745 0.763 0.766 0.768 0.770 76 Thailand 0.574 0.649 0.724 0.735 0.741 0.748 0.755 83 Turkey 0.576 0.655 0.734 0.778 0.783 0.787 0.791 64 Venezuela (Bolivarian Rep. of) 0.634 0.672 0.759 0.778 0.775 0.766 0.761 78 Botswana 0.581 0.565 0.660 0.701 0.706 0.712 0.717 101

Medium Human Development 0.462 0.523 0.596 0.627 0.634 0.641 0.645 Bangladesh 0.387 0.468 0.545 0.583 0.592 0.597 0.608 136 Cambodia 0.364 0.420 0.537 0.566 0.571 0.576 0.582 146 Egypt 0.546 0.611 0.665 0.683 0.691 0.694 0.696 115 India 0.427 0.493 0.581 0.618 0.627 0.636 0.640 130 Indonesia 0.528 0.606 0.661 0.683 0.686 0.691 0.694 116 Myanmar 0.358 0.431 0.530 0.564 0.569 0.574 0.578 148 Nepal 0.378 0.446 0.529 0.560 0.566 0.569 0.574 149 Philippines 0.586 0.624 0.665 0.689 0.693 0.693 0.699 113 South Africa 0.618 0.630 0.649 0.685 0.692 0.696 0.699 113 Vietnam 0.475 0.579 0.654 0.678 0.684 0.689 0.694 116 Angola – 0.387 0.520 0.564 0.572 0.577 0.581 147

Low Human Development 0.351 0.387 0.472 0.495 0.498 0.501 0.504 Ethiopia – 0.283 0.412 0.445 0.451 0.457 0.463 173 Nigeria – – 0.484 0.524 0.527 0.530 0.532 157 Papua New Guinea 0.380 0.449 0.520 0.536 0.542 0.543 0.544 153 Uganda 0.311 0.398 0.486 0.500 0.505 0.508 0.516 162

World 0.598 0.642 0.698 0.718 0.722 0.726 0.728

Source : Human Development Indices and Indicators – 2018 Statistical Updates 186 NOTES