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Cover image: Courtesey of EDF Energy — www.edfenergy.com/energy CONTENTS... 1 AT A GLANCE... 2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY... 4 BENEFITS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY... 5 WHAT THE PUBLIC THINK... 6 HOW NUCLEAR CREATES ENERGY... 7 HOW A REACTOR WORKS... 8 THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE... 9 MANAGING WASTE... 10 RADIATION EXPLAINED... 12 NUCLEAR AROUND THE WORLD... 14 UK NUCLEAR SITES... 16 NUCLEAR NEW BUILD... 17 NEW BUILD IN NUMBERS... 18 LOOKING TO THE FUTURE... 19 DECOMMISSIONING... 20 CAREERS IN NUCLEAR... 21 FUTHER INFORMATION... AT A GLANCE... Nuclear is a major part of our energy mix. Today it accounts for 21% of electricity generated in the UK and has been providing secure low carbon electricity for over 60 years. Low carbon energy, including There are 15 nuclear power and renewables, nuclear power account for almost 51% of the reactors operating UK’s generation electricity mix across eight sites in the UK In 2016 nuclear energy avoided 22.7 million metric tonnes of CO2 emissions in the UK BEIS,Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2018 That’s equivalent to taking around a third of all cars in the UK off the road Civil nuclear contributes over £6 billion to the jobs in the UK civil nuclear sector UK economy as much as aerospace manufacturing 12,159 Women in civil nuclear 1,981 People on apprenticeships Three quarters of the public 914 believe nuclear should be part People on graduate schemes of the clean energy mix Jobs Map figures generated from participating NIA members 1 This simple timeline charts some of the key people, events and legislation A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY.. -
Monaco 2019: Compact Athletes' Bios (PDF)
Men's 100m Diamond Discipline 12.07.2019 Start list 100m Time: 21:35 Records Lane Athlete Nat NR PB SB 1Arthur CISSÉCIV9.949.9410.01WR 9.58 Usain BOLT JAM Berlin 16.08.09 2 Akani SIMBINE RSA 9.89 9.89 9.95 AR 9.86 Francis OBIKWELU POR Athina 22.08.04 3 Justin GATLIN USA 9.69 9.74 9.87 =AR 9.86 Jimmy VICAUT FRA Paris 04.07.15 =AR 9.86 Jimmy VICAUT FRA Montreuil-sous-Bois 07.06.16 4 Divine ODUDURU NGR 9.85 9.86 9.86 NR 10.53 Sébastien GATTUSO MON Dijon 12.07.08 5Noah LYLESUSA9.699.869.86WJR 9.97 Trayvon BROMELL USA Eugene, OR 13.06.14 6 Cravon GILLESPIE USA 9.69 9.93 9.93 MR 9.78 Justin GATLIN USA 17.07.15 7 Michael RODGERS USA 9.69 9.85 10.00 DLR 9.69 Yohan BLAKE JAM Lausanne 23.08.12 8 Jimmy VICAUT FRA 9.86 9.86 10.07 SB 9.81 Christian COLEMAN USA Palo Alto, CA 30.06.19 2019 World Outdoor list Medal Winners Road To The Final 9.81 -0.1 Christian COLEMAN USA Palo Alto, CA 30.06.19 1 Christian COLEMAN (USA) 23 9.86 +0.9 Noah LYLES USA Shanghai 18.05.19 2018 - Berlin European Ch. 2 Michael RODGERS (USA) 11 9.86 +0.8 Divine ODUDURU NGR Austin, TX 07.06.19 1. Zharnel HUGHES (GBR) 9.95 3 Zhenye XIE (CHN) 10 9.87 -0.1 Justin GATLIN USA Palo Alto, CA 30.06.19 2. -
July 1979 • Volume Iv • Number Vi
THE FASTEST GROWING CHURCH IN THE WORLD by Brother Keith E. L'Hommedieu, D.D. quite safe tosay that ofall the organized religious sects on the current scene, one church in particular stands above all in its unique approach to religion. The Universal LifeChurch is the onlyorganized church in the world withno traditional religious doctrine. Inthe words of Kirby J. Hensley,founder, "The ULC only believes in what is right, and that all people have the right to determine what beliefs are for them, as long as Brother L 'Hommed,eu 5 Cfla,r,nan right ol the Board of Trusteesof the Sa- they do not interferewith the rights ofothers.' cerdotal Orderof the Un,versalL,fe andserves on the Board of O,rec- Reverend Hensley is the leader ofthe worldwide torsOf tOe fnternahOna/ Uns'ersaf Universal Life Church with a membership now L,feChurch, Inc. exceeding 7 million ordained ministers of all religious bileas well as payfor traveland educational expenses. beliefs. Reverend Hensleystarted the church in his NOne ofthese expenses are reported as income to garage by ordaining ministers by mail. During the the IRS. Recently a whole town in Hardenburg. New 1960's, he traveled all across the country appearing York became Universal Life ministers and turned at college rallies held in his honor where he would their homes into religious retreatsand monasteries perform massordinations of thousands of people at a thereby relieving themselves of property taxes, at time. These new ministers were then exempt from least until the state tries to figure out what to do. being inducted into the armed forces during the Churches enjoycertain othertax benefits over the undeclared Vietnam war. -
Chapter 3: the Rise of the Antinuclear Power Movement: 1957 to 1989
Chapter 3 THE RISE OF THE ANTINUCLEAR POWER MOVEMENT 1957 TO 1989 In this chapter I trace the development and circulation of antinuclear struggles of the last 40 years. What we will see is a pattern of new sectors of the class (e.g., women, native Americans, and Labor) joining the movement over the course of that long cycle of struggles. Those new sectors would remain autonomous, which would clearly place the movement within the autonomist Marxist model. Furthermore, it is precisely the widening of the class composition that has made the antinuclear movement the most successful social movement of the 1970s and 1980s. Although that widening has been impressive, as we will see in chapter 5, it did not go far enough, leaving out certain sectors of the class. Since its beginnings in the 1950s, opposition to the civilian nuclear power program has gone through three distinct phases of one cycle of struggles.(1) Phase 1 —1957 to 1967— was a period marked by sporadic opposition to specific nuclear plants. Phase 2 —1968 to 1975— was a period marked by a concern for the environmental impact of nuclear power plants, which led to a critique of all aspects of nuclear power. Moreover, the legal and the political systems were widely used to achieve demands. And Phase 3 —1977 to the present— has been a period marked by the use of direct action and civil disobedience by protesters whose goals have been to shut down all nuclear power plants. 3.1 The First Phase of the Struggles: 1957 to 1967 Opposition to nuclear energy first emerged shortly after the atomic bomb was built. -
Our Vision: First in UK Power
Operator: kevin Date: 02.06.2008 Server: studio 3 Set-up: Dave First Read/Revisions Our vision: First in UK power British Energy Group plc Annual Report and Accounts plc Annual ReportBritish Energy Group and Accounts 2007/08 British Energy Group plc GSO Business Park East Kilbride G74 5PG United Kingdom Registered in Scotland Number 270184 Annual Report and Accounts 2007/08 MM60056005 BBEE CCover.inddover.indd 1 99/6/08/6/08 007:24:147:24:14 Operator: kevin Date: 02.06.2008 Server: studio 3 Set-up: Dave First Read/Revisions British Energy is the lowest carbon emitter of the major electricity generators in the United Kingdom and the only low carbon baseload generator. BUSINESS SUMMARY Our Power Stations 01 Highlights 1 02 Our Strategy Torness Two advanced gas-cooled reactors 03 Key Performance Indicators 2 Hartlepool 04 Chairman’s Statement Two advanced gas-cooled reactors 3 Eggborough DIRECTORS’ REPORT – BUSINESS REVIEW Four coal-fi red units 06 Chief Executive’s Business Review 4 Sizewell B 14 Financial Review One pressurised water reactor 5 28 Corporate Social Responsibility ' Dungeness B / Two advanced gas-cooled reactors 6 Hinkley Point B DIRECTORS’ REPORT – CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 32 Board of Directors Two advanced gas-cooled reactors 7 1 34 Corporate Governance Heysham ( Two advanced gas-cooled reactors 42 Remuneration Committee Report 8 Heysham 2 49 Other Statutory Information . Two advanced gas-cooled reactors - ) 9 Hunterston B FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Two advanced gas-cooled reactors 51 Independent Auditors’ Report to the Members of -
Name Surname
OFGEM FINANCIAL INFORMATION REPORTING YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2010 Under the Ofgem issued “Energy Supply Probe – Proposed Retail Market Remedies”, changes to generators and suppliers licences were made requiring licence holders to publish financial information to aid comparability of suppliers and generators. This “Segmental Reporting” satisfies Standard Licence Condition 19A of the Gas and Electricity Supply Licences and Standard Licence Condition 16B of the Electricity Generation Licence. EDF Energy (UK) Ltd and its subsidiaries (“EDF Energy”) operate through 3 operational business units supported by corporate services. These are “Energy Sourcing and Customer Supply”, ”Nuclear Generation”, “Nuclear New Build” and “Corporate Steering Functions and Company Shared Services & Integration”. The principal activities of these business units and support services are: Energy Sourcing and Customer Supply (ESCS): the provision and supply of electricity and gas to residential, commercial and industrial customers, the provision of services relating to energy, including purchasing of fuel for power generation and the generation of electricity; Nuclear Generation (NG): the generation of electricity through its fleet of nuclear power stations and Nuclear New Build (NNB): the development and construction of new nuclear power plants in the United Kingdom Corporate Steering Functions and Company Shared Services and Integration (CSF/CSSI): the provision of support services including HR, Finance, Property and IT, and the development of greater integration and synergies across the company where possible. The results of NNB are excluded from the scope of the Ofgem requirements hence NNB indirect and direct costs are not included in the analysis below. No consolidated statutory accounts have been prepared which include all UK operations of the EDF Energy group of companies. -
Nuclear Power and Deregulated Electricity Markets: Lessons from British Energy
Nuclear Power and Deregulated Electricity Markets: Lessons from British Energy EPRG Working Paper 0808 Simon Taylor Abstract The privatisation in 1996 and subsequent financial crisis in 2002 of the company British Energy plc shed some light on the difficulties of running a nuclear generator in a deregulated electricity market. This paper explains the causes of the company’s financial difficulties and argues that they do not amount to evidence that nuclear power cannot survive in liberalised markets. The causes of the financial crisis were complex and varied but nuclear power risks are not conceptually different from those successfully handled by markets in other sectors. In particular there is no reason in principle why new nuclear power stations should not be viable in a deregulated power market, assuming they are fundamentally cost competitive. Keywords Keywords: Electricity markets, nuclear power, risk management, corporate strategy, financial strategy, G PAPER privatisation. N JEL Classification G32, L94, Q48 Contact [email protected] Publication February 2008 EPRG WORKI www.electricitypolicy.org.uk 1. Introduction The British government privatised the more modern UK nuclear power stations in the form of the company British Energy plc in 1996. The company was unusual in being a wholly nuclear merchant power generator in a deregulated power market. It was also unusual in having full financial responsibility for its back end nuclear liabilities. The company initially raised output and profits and saw its shares rise strongly. But by 2002 it had run out of cash and had to get emergency financing from the government to avoid going into administration. -
The Chronicle 75Th Year
The Chronicle 75th Year. No. 52 Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Monday, November 12, 1979 - 4«N Greensboro march wet, but peaceful By Scott McCartney Party staged a peaceful funeral procession. GREENSBORO - funeral march yesterday According to Stuart Under the watchful eyes to bury five members of Kwoh, a spokesman for of 900 heavily-armed their party killed last week the CWP and a lawyer officers of the Greensboro in a shootout with the Ku from California, the group Police, the North Carolina Klux Klan. threatened the city with State Police and the five lawsuits. The CWP, which National Guard, 450 included members from Kwoh charged that the PHOTO BY SCOTT MCCARTNEY sympathizers from the police were blockading the Members of the Communist Workers Party assemble next to caskets of Communist Workers New York, Ohio and slain colleagues prior to yesterday's funeral march. Virginia, as well as from marchers from entering the Durham and the the march area, that Greensboro area, held the police were harrassing march "to avenge the demonstrators, and that death of the CWP Five," the city had reneged on a BSA meets with administration; according to its literature. previous agreement to allow widows of the five Officials in Greensboro slain men to bear Afro-American Studies discussed prepared for violence in unloaded rifles in "a the wake of last weekend's symbolic gesture." By Karen Dunn submitted several years earlier and that no effort had shootout between the The Black Student Alliance concluded a week of been made to procure the persons listed, Pye responded CWP and the Ku Klux Kwoh said the march activities Friday morning by.meeting with Chancellor "well then, the system needs to be examined and Klan. -
It's Not Just a Story Any More
(reprinted with permission from The Guardian, 4 August 1979) It's not just a story any more The phrase 'China syndrome' describes what happens if a nuclear plant backfires. Walt Patterson casts a professional eye over the film of that name and finds it alarmingly accurate. At the end of The China Syndrome, if the house lights don't come up too soon, you may notice an inconspicuous line far down the credits. After Best Boy Grip and Paint Foreman comes Technical Advisers [Nuclear] … MHB Technical Associates. Nowhere else in the publicity pack from Columbia Pictures is there any further reference to the specific technical content of the film, or to the technical advisers responsible. The coyness is curious, but understandable. In The China Syndrome the technical content is of a very different order to that, say, in Moonraker. In Moonraker the technical content is there essentially to astonish; its genuine credibility is irrelevant. In The China Syndrome, on the contrary, the technical content is central to the plot – and is moreover acutely controversial. It is not now, mark you, as controversial as it was before March 28 this year. The China Syndrome, of course, is about – among other things – the threat of an accident at a nuclear power station. The accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power station near Harrisburg, which occurred about a month after the release of the film, was a classical if unnerving example of life imitating art. When the film was released the nuclear industry was still talking about hypothetical accidents at nuclear stations. -
Nuclear Research and Development Capabilities
Nuclear Research and Development Capabilities Response from the Engineering the Future alliance which includes: • The Royal Academy of Engineering • The Institution of Engineering and Technology • The Institution of Mechanical Engineers • The Institution of Chemical Engineers • The Engineering Council • Engineering UK House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology April 2011 Engineering the Future is pleased to have the opportunity to input into the Committee’s inquiry into UK nuclear research and development capability. As the alliance of the UK professional engineering institutions, Engineering the Future can draw upon a wide range of expertise in the nuclear field. It is clear that maintaining a strong nuclear research and development capability within the UK is important not only in its own right, but also in terms of positioning the UK as a credible partner in the international civil nuclear business and in maintaining the skills pipeline required by the industry in the UK for today and the future. This response has been coordinated by the Royal Academy of Engineering on behalf of Engineering the Future. Engineering the Future is a broad alliance of engineering institutions and bodies which represent the UK’s 450,000 professional engineers. We provide independent expert advice and promote understanding of the contribution that engineering makes to the economy, society and to the development and delivery of national policy. Nuclear Research and Development Capabilities The implications of future scenarios • What are the research and capability requirements of nuclear energy policy options, roadmaps and scenarios up to 2050? • What consideration is the Government giving to the UK’s R&D requirements to meet the policy objectives for nuclear energy both in the near term and longer term (to 2050)? Does more need to be done? • What research capabilities and commitments are required now to meet these future nuclear energy policies? 1. -
Endless Trouble: Britain's Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant
Endless Trouble Britain’s Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant (THORP) Martin Forwood, Gordon MacKerron and William Walker Research Report No. 19 International Panel on Fissile Materials Endless Trouble: Britain’s Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant (THORP) © 2019 International Panel on Fissile Materials This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License To view a copy of this license, visit ww.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 On the cover: the world map shows in highlight the United Kingdom, site of THORP Dedication For Martin Forwood (1940–2019) Distinguished colleague and dear friend Table of Contents About the IPFM 1 Introduction 2 THORP: An Operational History 4 THORP: A Political History 11 THORP: A Chronology 1974 to 2018 21 Endnotes 26 About the authors 29 About the IPFM The International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM) was founded in January 2006 and is an independent group of arms control and nonproliferation experts from both nuclear- weapon and non-nuclear-weapon states. The mission of the IPFM is to analyze the technical basis for practical and achievable pol- icy initiatives to secure, consolidate, and reduce stockpiles of highly enriched uranium and plutonium. These fissile materials are the key ingredients in nuclear weapons, and their control is critical to achieving nuclear disarmament, to halting the proliferation of nuclear weapons, and to ensuring that terrorists do not acquire nuclear weapons. Both military and civilian stocks of fissile materials have to be addressed. The nuclear- weapon states still have enough fissile materials in their weapon stockpiles for tens of thousands of nuclear weapons. On the civilian side, enough plutonium has been sepa- rated to make a similarly large number of weapons. -
1 the Politics of Independence: the China Syndrome (1979)
1 The Politics of Independence: The China Syndrome (1979), Hollywood Liberals and Antinuclear Campaigning Peter Krämer, University of East Anglia Abstract: This article draws, among other things, on press clippings files and scripts found in various archives to reconstruct the complex production history, the marketing and the critical reception of the nuclear thriller The China Syndrome (1979). It shows that with this project, several politically motivated filmmakers, most notably Jane Fonda, who starred in the film and whose company IPC Films produced it, managed to inject their antinuclear stance into Hollywood entertainment. Helped by the accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant two weeks into the film’s release, The China Syndrome gained a high profile in public debates about nuclear energy in the U.S. Jane Fonda, together with her then husband Tom Hayden, a founding member of the 1960s “New Left” who had entered mainstream politics in the California Democratic Party by the late 1970s, complemented her involvement in the film with activities aimed at grass roots mobilisation against nuclear power. If the 1979 Columbia release The China Syndrome (James Bridges, 1979) is remembered today, it is mainly because of an astonishing coincidence. This thriller about an almost catastrophic accident at a nuclear power plant was released just twelve days before eerily similar events began to unfold at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant near Harrisburg in Pennsylvania on 28 March 1979, resulting in, as the cover of J. Samuel Walker’s authoritative account of the event calls it, “the worst accident in the history of commercial nuclear power in the United States” (Walker).