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Bowen's Picture of Boston, Or the Citizen's and Stranger's Guide To Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/bowenspictureofb1833bowe BOWEN'S PICTURE OF BOSTON, CITIZEN'S AND STRANGER'S GUIDE. BOWEN'S PICTURE OF BOSTON, OR THE CITIZEN'S AND STRANGER'S GUIDE TO THE METROPOLIS OF MASSACHUSETTS, AND ITS ENVIRONS. TO WHICH IS PREFIXED THE ®nmU of Boston. EMBELLISHED WITH ENGKAA7 INGS. SECOND EDITION—ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. boston: published by lilly wait & co. AND LORENZO H. BOWEN. MDCCCXXXIII. 'Ill F .631 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1832 BY ABEL B W EN, In the Clerk's Office of the District of Massachusetts. M&TOB 391 £SE UBRARi CHESTMUT mil, MA 02fcJ& OCT 2 '38 PREFACE la publishing the first edition of this work in 1829, it was my object to furnish the citizen and traveller with a convenient pocket volume, that might serve to give a general acquaintance with the various institutions that constituted the most common subjects of enquiry when a stranger visited our city. From the liberal patronage bestowed on that edition, and from the repeated calls for a second, I am led to believe the work has been acceptable. With this impression I have been induced to pursue the laborious task. Vast and important alterations have taken place in the city within the last four years. Every exertion has been made to procure correct and satisfactory information upon every subject noted in these pages ; therefore a hope j s indulged that a discriminating public may approve the labour, and continue a patronage that will enable me to add such improvements in subsequent editions as will make the work a continued index to this interesting metropolis. Alterations and improvements progress with such rapidity, that many of the ancient buildings described in this work, PREFACE. have already disappeared. In fact, it is impossible to keep pace with the improvements in this enterprising city, whose exterior, like the hues of the camelion, are varying continually. The multiplicity of subjects, proper to be introduced, make it frequently difficult to decide on those to which a preference should be given in each particular place. Some subjects are but briefly noticed, which perhaps particular individuals might be pleased or interested to see more largely delineated. If to such any apology be necessary, the profession of a good intention is all that I can offer. My interest in the ' History of Boston,' by Caleb H. Snow, published a few years since, might with propriety, forbid my saying it, otherwise I would suggest the belief that almost every subject relative to this city will be found amply displayed in that volume ; and if the flattering opinions of friends may be relied on, I can hardly wish for this volume a reputation for correctness superior to what that work enjoys. To explain the difference between the two works, it may be proper to say that the. History of Boston is designed to be a connected narrative of events from the foundation of the city to the time of its publication. This work, the Picture of Boston, presents a bird's-eye- view of the most prominent objects as they appear at the present time. Doubtless, inaccuracies inseparable from a work of this description will be discovered ; they are, however, believed PREFACE. to be few, and of minor importance. I should feel myself under particular obligation, to all who have in possession the means of correcting any error, and will so far interest themselves as to give information that will lead to its correction ; for it is my wish to improve every opportunity to verify and make certain whatever may now remain in any degree doubtful. I cannot conclude without offering my public acknowl- edgements to the clergy and many individuals for their aid in furnishing dates and materials for this work ; and in a special manner to the friend who furnished the * Annals of Boston. ' ' t&-ma-Zs?i^ Boston, June 1, 1833. CONTENTS. Introductory History, 9 & Boston in Districts, ----- IS County of Suffolk, 18 City Government, ------ 19 Boston Schools, -------30 Athenaeum, ------- 38 Libraries, -- ------43 Periodicals, ------- 46 Societies, --------49 Public Buildings, 67 < Bridges, 91 Hospitals, ------- 105 Trade and Commerce, 112 Islands, -------- 118 Boston Churches, 123 Burial Grounds and Cemeteries, - - - 184 Military, 194 Places of Amusement, ----- 198 Anniversaries, 212 Hotels, 215 CONTENTS. Boston Packets and Steamboats, - 226 Canals, 226 Banks, 228 Insurance Companies, ----- 234 Recent and Projected Improvements, - - - 235 Rail Roads, 237 Ancient Buildings, ------ 243 Annals of Boston, ------ 247 Environs, -------- 285 Revolutionary Forts, 303 Index, - 309 LIST OF EMBELLISHMENTS, 1 Ornamental Title Page, 2 The State House and Boston Common, to face 1 3 Tremont Street, 6 4 Tri-Mountain, 10 5 East view of Faneuil Hall Market in 1827, 72 6 City Hall, or Old State House, ... 76 7 Faneuil Hall ib. 8 Merchants Hall, ........ £b. 9 Custom House, - ib. 10 Massachusetts General Hospital, - 105 11 Pine Street Church, 128 12 The Stone, or King's Chapel, - - - ib. 13 New Brick Church, ib. 14 The First, or Chauncy Place Church, - - ib. 15 Hollis Street Church, .... 144 16 Christ Church, ib. 17 St. Paul's Church, ib. 18 Trinity Church, ib. 19 Brattle Street Church, - - - - 148 20 The Catholic, or Church of the Holy Cross, ib. 21 Bowdoin Street Church, .... ib. 22 Central Universal Church, ... ib. 23 Federal Street Church, (Dr. Channing's,) - 160 24 The Old South Church, - - - ib. 25 New South Church, ib. LIST OF EMBELLISHMENTS. 20 Park Street Church, ..... X60 27 Federal Street Baptist Church, . - - 180 28 West Church, Lynde Street, ... ib. 29 Mariner's Church, ib. SO The Temple, - ib. 31 Monument to Hannah Adams, * - - 192 32 Boston Theatre, ..... 204 33 Tremont Theatre, ib. 34 Athenasum, -*-*** ib. 35 Washington Statue, ib. 36 Warren Theatre, 209 37 Tremont House, - 216 38 Norfolk House, ib. 39 Bunker Hill Monument, - - - ib. 40 Nahant Hotel, ------ ib. 41 New England Museum, - 211 42 New England Coffee House, 221 43 Bromfield House, 223 44 Savings Bank, 233 45 The Ancient Feather Store, - - - 243 46 The Hancock House, ... 245 47 A view of Boston, ----- 246 48 Plan of Boston, 284 49 Savin Hill Hotel, 2S9 50 Grove Hall, 291 51 Map of the Environs of Boston, - - - 316 52 City Seal, 316 INTRODUCTORY HISTORY. Boston, the metropolis of Massachusetts, contains ahout 80,000 inhabitants," and is situated on apeninsula, nearly three miles in length and a little over a mile in breadth, of an uneven surface, at the head of Massa- / chusetts bay, in north latitude 42° 2B . It was settled by Governor Winthrop and his associates, in 1630, and received its name in honour of the Rev. John Cotton, who emigrated from Boston in Lincolnshire, England. The name was confirmed by act of Court, September 7, 1630, O. S. which may be considered the date of the foundation of Boston. Its original Indian name was Shawmut, and for a short time, previous to receiving the present name, it was called Trimountain. The neck or isthmus which connects the peninsula to the main land, is at the south part of the city, and joins to Roxbury. Boston is bounded on the west by Brook- line and Charles River, which winds round between Copp's Hill and Charlestown, on the north, and empties itself into the harbour, which lies on the east,—having Dorchester and Roxbury on the south. The surface of the peninsula swells into three eminences. Copp's Hill, * When comparing the number of inhabitants with other cities in the United States, the immediate vicinity of Boston should be in- cluded;— which would give a population rising 100,000, residing with in three miles of the heart of the city. 2" {$ PICTURE OF BOSTON. which is at the northerly extremity of the city, rises about 50 feet above high water. Fort Hill, another eminence on the easterly side, facing the harbour, rises about 80 feet above the sea, and the third, which is called Beacon Hill, is on the westerly part, and now rises 110 feet above high water mark, but was originally about 30 feet higher. On the last there were also three distinct eminences, which since attained the names of Mount Vernon, Beacon and Pemberton Hills. The cir- cumstance of these hills being so elevated as to give them the appearance of a mountain when viewed by the first settlers from the low grounds at Charlestown, pro- bably led to their calling the peninsula Trimountain.* Most of the land which was originally the surface of the peninsula, is either covered with buildings' or occu- pied as gardens, except the Common, consisting of about 50 acres of upland and 25 of flats, which was generous- ly reserved by the first settlers for a training field and other public purposes, to be kept unimpaired to the lat- est posterity. The streets of the oldest parts of the city are generally narrow and crooked, and were laid out apparently without regard to convenience or taste. But in the parts more recently built they are wider, and the buildings display elegance and splendor equal to any other city in the Union. The communication between the country and the city is very convenient, having, be- sides the natural passage from Roxbury, three Railroads, the Mill-Dam, which forms a grand western avenue * From this has arisen the more modern name of Tremont. PICTURE OF BOSTON. 11 into the city from Brookline and Brighton, and six ex- cellent bridges. There is also an extensive ferry be- tween Boston and Chelsea, with convenient steam- boats for the conveyance of carriages, teams and foot passengers. Two of the bridges connect Boston with ^Cambridge, two with Charlestown, and two unite it ^with South Boston, which was set off from Dorchester in 1804, and constitutes a part of the city.
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