The Cultural Concepts of Poverty Narrated Among Refugees in Central Uganda, Part I

Kobe University Repository : Kernel

タイトル Obwavu : The Cultural Concepts of Poverty Narrated among Refugees Title in Central Uganda, Part I 著者 Umeya, Kiyoshi / Kirumira, K. Edward Author(s) 掲載誌・巻号・ページ国際文化学研究 : 神戸大学大学院国際文化学研究科紀要,54:39-291 Citation 刊行日 2020-09 Issue date 資源タイプ Departmental Bulletin Paper / 紀要論文 Resource Type 版区分 publisher Resource Version 権利 Rights DOI JaLCDOI 10.24546/81012499 URL http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/handle_kernel/81012499

PDF issue: 2021-10-04 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 39

Obwavu The Cultural Concepts of Poverty Narrated among Refugees in Central Uganda, Part I

Kiyoshi UMEYA and Edward K. KIRUMIRA In association with Michael OLOKA-OBBO, Paul OWORA, Robert KIYEGGA and Samuel WAMALA

……Obwavu bukuliisa nnyoko……—Poverty causes a person to eat his own mother— ……Baboola mwavu……—The poor are not counted as members of the clan— [Luganda proverbs]

I. Introduction The present paper is part of a series of papers reflecting on lived experiences of rural communities in Uganda. This paper principally concerns the collected materials regarding the tasks conducted by Kiyoshi Umeya, one of the co-authors, while working as a long-term dispatched expert of the Japan International Co- operation Agency (September 1999–February 2000). It is also part of the ‘Com- prehensive Study Concerning the Strategies for Poverty Eradication and Inte- grated Rural Development in Uganda’ project, which was jointly conducted by the Japan International Cooperation Agency and Makerere University with Ed- ward Kasujja Kirumira as the Makerere University Principal Investigator. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate through analysis how poverty (obwavu in Luganda) and other problems (ebizibu) are regarded and spoken of in the survey site (Kyegonza sub-county) selected by the team. In the indicated project, Umeya conducted a social anthropological survey in Kyegonza Sub-county(Map1), Gomba County, Mpigi District, Uganda(- Map 2). The purpose was to survey the actual situation of ‘poverty’ in the soci- 40 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) ety, but at that time, because of the failure of similar projects to date, ‘poverty’ was not regarded as being a known phenomenon, the task was to re-examine the concept of ‘poverty’ itself or to conduct a survey with a regional perspective in mind. The purpose of the present paper is to publish in a usable form the raw materials that we have previously gathered. The primary materials have been minimally processed. In general, the survey area is highly undulating, especially in wetlands and lakeside areas where land use problems tend to occur during the rainy season. With the exception of the fact that the land is highly undulating, it is generally suitable for agriculture. The terrain is not particularly poor, and in terms of precipitation it is considered to be a very advantageous area for both agriculture and animal husbandry compared to the eastern and northern parts of Uganda. It cannot however be said that it is currently being used effectively due to topographical problems. In particular, swamps along the banks of Lake Wamala, rivers and elsewhere (such as the tributaries of the Mayanja River, Tondona, Kabasuma, and Muyampa) in Mamba Parish are important water sources, but hinder the movement and flow of people and goods. This terrific environment is undermining economic activity. The population of the surveyed Kyegonza Sub-County was 31,726 (males: 15,716; females: 16,010) in the 1991 census and 37,192 (males: 18,755; females: 18,437) in the 1999 census (Table 1). Of the population in 1999, the number of immunized children aged 0 to 4 years was 7,513, and the number of immunized preschool children aged 0 to 5 years was 8,120. The number of households totals 7,195 and the population density is 789.8 persons/a (Kyegonza Subcounty Council Three Year Development Plan, 1999/2002). The sub-county is composed of 12 parishes, which are subdivided into a total of 54 zones (LC1 level: smallest administrative unit). Only 3,660 people actually paid the 1997 graduate tax (Kyegonza Sub-county 1999: 8). The breakdown by Parish is shown in the attached table (Table 2). Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 41

Uganda has many immigrants and refugees from Rwanda, who mainly reside in the central region and account for 6% of the population of the country. In Kyegonza Subcounty, 70% of persons are immigrants from Rwanda, Ganda persons comprise 20% and persons from Burundi comprise 10% (Kyegonza Sub-county 1999: 4). The reasons for this vary, but in this region, the civil war and the outflow of migrant workers during the boom of coffee plantations are considered to be major causes. In general, there was no welfare for refugees, and petitions continued to be made to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). While the sub-county has five wells, some are out of order. In addition, there are seven springs that supply valuable water resources, although hygienic problems are present. The core of transportation consists of 20 taxis (public service vehicles: PSV) per day between Kampala and Kanoni. Electricity runs to Kanoni, the central area, although power outages occur frequently. There is a petrol station in the center of Kanoni, and some persons were observed to use a generator even during a power outage. However, it can be said that there are various problems in surrounding areas of the subcounty, as described later. Public tele- phones were not available (mobile phones were available in some areas such as the highlands). Although there are no paved roads, there are 12 major roads out of 21 roads, as shown in the attached table (Table 3). Thirteen are rough roads. A total of 60% of the 880-kilometer road network consists of all-weather roads that can be traveled by vehicle (Kyegonza Sub-county 1999: 17). According to a plan (Kyegonza Subcounty Council Three Year Develop- ment Plan, 1999/2002) that examined the general situation of the region by the sub-county itself and set development goals in three-year units, the overview indicates access to safe water as 37%; pit latrines, 50%; vaccinations, 89%; na- tional schools, 18; and, private schools, 15. Table 4 shows actual numbers per school parish. These, of course, do not take into account details such as wheth- 42 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) er older persons or persons with disabilities have access to safe water, and whether school facilities are adequate. There are a total of 10,801 school children (m5,001, f5,800), of whom 500 are educated in private schools. A total of 78 of the 174 primary teachers are unqualified (Kyegonza Sub-county 1999: 21). There are active projects such as a teacher development management system (TDMS) to upgrade and maintain the standards of the education system supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Anglican Church, but neither targeted at the poor or required joining a particular religion to participate. Although unconfirmed by the author, it appears that there are women-centered self-help projects and projects that intended to obtain cash income through sericulture, but the sericulture itself is sluggish and cannot be said to be very active.

II. Method of Collection of Materials 1. Survey period and specific methods Umeya conducted a short field survey with Prof. Nobuhiro Nagashima and the Makerere team from September 21, 1999, and basically conducted interviews alone (sometimes accompanied by Professor Shiro Kodamaya and Akiko Hayashi as experts since October) in all parishes of Mpigi District, Gomba County and Kyegonza Sub-County. The method was essentially of randomly searching for informants one by one on foot from a trading center that can be approached by rented vehicles. The original plan was to organize the individual materials by combining those basic materials with photographs and to conduct a survey of the deeper details, but in fact, this was stopped when rounds of all the parishes had been completed. In effect, the author stayed there until early February 2000 in order to carry out the investigation. In social anthropological surveys, in order to build trust and a relationship of honesty (so-called ‘rapport’), it is generally desirable that the researcher, to Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 43 the extent possible is alone, that the researcher lives in the field, that long-term research is conducted for a period of one year or longer, and that proficiency in the local language is obtained. However, each of these was a very special investigation due to difficulties caused by various reasons. In addition to the materials presented in the present paper, in particular, with regard to the health unit, Health Information Management System (HIMS) were obtained from the Kanoni Health Center for several years showing the actual number of patients, diagnoses, instruments, drugs, equipment, staff, etc.

2. Materials and nature of informants In the interviews, the sex, age, and stratification of the speakers were kept in mind, but women were generally more likely to refuse the interviews and it cannot be said that the interviews were sufficiently performed. Initially, some of the rejected persons and places were recorded, but there are examples of responding to them a second time, making it difficult to organize. One of the bi- ases regarding the materials collected is that they comprise records of only of the persons who spoke while the study should have also taken into account the message of ‘not speaking’ from persons who remained silent. Thus, what is the position of persons who rejected interviews may have been an extremely important aspect of social research that was missed. However, follow up of this point could not be performed in the present study. The purpose of the research was to analyze and collect local voices concerning poverty, its causes, and possible solutions in the region (solutions from within the community and solutions that require some type of external assistance), especially with regard to language materials among all the materials as the main focus of the paper. Partly due to the government’s poverty eradication action plan, some experts tended to speak about the situation using vocabulary that has already been objectified in the media, etc. This was regarded as part of the actual situation 44 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) and no special consideration was given.

3. The nature of questions and responses The interviews were basically based on contextual questions and answers, but for the minimum items to be investigated, questions prepared in advance were used while changing the order according to the flow of the conversation. The questions and responses were interpreted by two field research assistants (Rob- ert Kiyegga and Samuel Wamala). Because of this, there were items for which additional questions were asked, and the question items were created twice, depending on the situation. As a result, the content of the subsequent survey questions may not partially match that of the initial survey. Sampling was not performed systematically because there were no docu- ments similar to a certificate of residence, and there is a wide variety of community styles and living conditions. This work was performed for the purpose of a pilot survey, and an intensive study was planned to deepen the understanding of individual issues or individual communities while gradually changing the question items.

4. Language used The survey was conducted in Luganda through an interpreter. The co-author had the impression that English is less well understood in this region in com- parison with the Tororo District and Katakwi District of Uganda where similar study had been done. Since Luganda is the language with the largest number of speakers in Uganda, in particular, it is said among farmers that Luganda is sufficient and there is no need for English. Persons who were indicated to be not very proficient at Luganda were often noted (based on the determination of the accompanying assistant), suggesting that this may be an extremely important feature of the region, which has many refugees. Unfortunately, a problem that could not be prevented due to lack of pro- Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 45 ficiency in Luganda was the possibility that some of the information was selected or rejected to be included during the translation process. The assistants were somewhat aware of the extremely formal social surveys, especially because they had seen the techniques of the counterparts in the Makerere team, but they were unaware of anthropological holistic surveys, and explanations regarding the fact were not fully understood. Most importantly, there was lack of cooperation regarding life histories in the case of refugees such as the Tutsis and Hutus. Transcription and translation of the recordings of the narratives were repeatedly requested, but each time the assistants deleted them at their own discretion. When the reason for this was inquired about, it was said, ‘This is merely a complaint and is not relevant to our project.’ Some could be repaired, and others could not. Because such information cannot be obtained by questioning unless the speaker has a certain level of motivation, in most cases it cannot be extracted even when desired to be inquired about. It is an unfortunate occurance as it precludes valuable materials showing actual situation of refugees in the area. In addition, because the Japan International Cooperation Agency funded the project, when giving an official opinion, there was a strong tendency to ad- here to formality. Thus, it cannot be said that information that was deeply con- nected with the local reality that Umeya aimed to examine was carefully or fully processed. While these issues were explained as soon as they were discovered and individual improvements were sought, because the intended es- sential improvement measures were to conduct lectures for research assistants from March 2000 with the cooperation of the Makerere team and Professor Nobuhiro Nagashima after making a tour of all 12 parishes and initiate a survey that would allow the researchers to settle down for few days in a selected area, ultimately this could not be realized. 46 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

5. Processing of materials The present paper presents the basic materials. With the exception of a few cases where recording was not approved, we transcribed the recorded content using the recording equipment carried by Na- gashima and Umeya, and added the English translation to create basic materials. The translation was provided by Samuel Wamala, Robert Kiyegga and others. Typing was performed by Ruth Nassajju using Mobile Gear II as equipment accompanying the expert Professor Nobuhiro Nagashima.

Map 1 Kyegonza Sub-County Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 47

Map 2 Mpigi District

Table 1 Population of Kyegonza Sub-County

Parish (Name of Zone (LC1) Population LC1 Chairperson LC2 Chairperson)

Mamba Lukunyu 517 Sunday (Lusimbo Crispus） Mamba 887 Kanande Nabuyindo 453 Kayunga 630 Kinoni NIL Lubega Kiziba 857 Luboyera

Nsambwe Kimbo 966 Kanya (Ssebuliba Nuwa) Nsambwe 989 Mulwaans Joshua Kizigo 906 Ssekalembe

Bukundugulu Buyana 894 Balula (Ssemwanga Masambira 495 Ssemwanga Obadia Obadia) Nsamvu 507 Mastuula 48 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Kanoni Kanoni 1120 Lukwaago Abassi (Likwaago Abassi) Wasinda 394 Kityo William Kitwe 630 Tunda Kampungu 490 Kizza Haman Kaalo 535 Denis Luwalagga

Kisoga Kasiba-Kabutaala 562 Kavuma Robert (Kavuma Robert) Sekulo/Kalagala 590 Kiwanuka Kisoga 579 Mukusu 626 Lutoogo Nmuyovu 435 (Not LC but village)

Saali Makokwa 468 Ssemmambo Dan (Yiga Mulindwa) Saali 552 Yiga Mulindwa Kabamba-Bukalagi 501 Muwonge Mabuye 465

Nakijju Kirungu 415 Kayongo Emanuel (Hajji Idi Bikwaaso) Buyebeyi 368 Kanaabo Nakimu 341 Kakooza Kibombo-Kasaka 530 Ssinnasiima Nakijju 356 Sserwanga Kidumule 866 Sseuviiri Christopher Kamuli 358 Kajeerero

Wanjjero Najoki 547 Florence Mugula (Mukiibi Pascol) Kirumba-Wanjeyo 627 Galabuzi Nakaye 375 Magala Nayangayanga 624 Muganga Bukandula (Now incorporated to another subcounty)

Mupunge Lwanganzi/Kabutembwa 492 Kaweezi (Musisi Henry) Nakasagazi 521 Kafakala Malyowe 560 Mabowa 599 Mupunge 1127

Malere Lumuli 323 Kaboogrre (Kiyemba) KabulasokeII 560 Mukiibi Malere 897 Kigozi Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 49

Koome Kasaka 789 Ssessanga Ahmad (Kazooba Yowasi) Nkwale 455 Njabire Christopher Kitemu 447 Kazooba Yowasi Koome-Nsasi 537 Waswa Lusenke 614

Namabeya Mwese 298 Eyagenda （Kayongo） Namabeya(A) 640 Matovu Namabeya(B) 524 Lule Buzimba 774 Kamya Lorence Kakoma 459 Ssebuliba

Table 2 Graduate Tax

Parish The number of the payers who paid tax

Namabeya 360 Nakijju 348 Mpunge 502 Wanjeyo 320 Kanoni 418 Nsambwe 395 Malere 218 Bukundugulu 201 Koome 367 Mamba 426 Kisoga 321 Saali 257 50 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Table 3 Main Road

Parish Name Length Founded

Saali Bukalagi-Mupunge 2 1960 Namabeya Kyegonza-Buzimba 4 1970 Nsambwe Nsambwe-Kizigo 3 1970 Wanjeyo Wanjeyo-Mayangayanga 4 1970 Nakijju Ndoddo-Nakijju 2 1980 Saali Bukandula-Katoogo 6 1970 Koome Koome-Lwagganzi 5 1960 Mpunge Kitengto-Mpunge 4 1980 Mamba Nabuyindo-Mpongo 3 1960 Kanoni Kanoni-Kiwanda 2 1970 Kanoni Kanoni-Kitwe 4 1970 Bukundugulu Nakijju-Kimbo 5 1980

Total 44 km

Table 4 Schools

Parish Government Private Total Students

Koome 2 3 5 1905 Wanjeyo 2 1 3 927 Kisoga 3 - 3 1037 Saali 1 4 5 1669 Nsambwe 1 3 4 1202 Nakijju 3 1 4 1642 Bukundugulu 2 - 2 757 Mamba 1 - 1 552 Mpunge 1 - 1 402 Namabeya - 2 2 180 Malere - - - - Kanoni 2 1 3 1118

Total 18 15 33 11391 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 51

III. Text transcribed Book 1 Book 1 1 Mwami Lubinda 1 Mwami Lubinda Qtn: What problems are you facing Eki: Bizibu ki byemusanze mukifo in this area? kino? Ans: The first issue in this area is the Oku: Ensonga esookera dala, mu failure to accrue money from crops kitundu kyaffe wano, kyendaba, we cultivate. kyabutaba na sente mu bintu byaffe Qtn: Which other problem? bye tulima, mu kitundu kino. Ans: Coffee trees that we planted are Eki: Buzibu ki obulala? infested by weevils and therefore ill. Oku: N’emwanyi ze tulina nazo zikala. Our cassava no longer yields, because Zirimu obulwadde. N’obuwuka bulya insects eat them up. muwogo waffe, era naye taky’abala. Another reason is that our wells are Ensonga endala, enzizzi ezaffe bad. The water is not good. nkyamu, amazzi simalungi. Our road conditions are not good. Namakubo gaffe simalungi. We do not have health care. If any, N’obujjanjabi nabwo tetulina, butono it is very limited. Drugs and health ddala. Nga eddagala, n,amalwaliro units are not available. They do not nago temuli bikozesebwa bulungi. have sufficient facilities. Sometimes Oluusi tugenda ku nsiko nga tunoga we go into the bush in search of ddagala ganda. natural healing herbs. Tulina nabalwadde ba sirimu naye We have Aids patients who do not nga obujjanjabi tebulabikako. have access to health care. Tubadde tusaba singa ekibiina kya We ask JICA to give us a credit so JICA kibadde kisobola okutuwola that we can overcome our problem of ssente, ne tuba nti tusobola okwejja poverty. mu buzibu bw’ obwavu. 52 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

2 Joseph Mulengera (38 years old) 2 Yoseph Mulengera (38 years old) Qtn: What problems are you facing Eki: Buzibu ki bwemusanga muki in your area? tundu? Ans: Our main problem, sir is that Oku: Obuzibu bwaffe Ssebo obusingira our children do not attend school and ddala, buli nti, abaana baffe tebasoma, live in poor accommodation. We era basula wabi nnyo. Era mu are very humble people without any kitundu kino, tulinamu abanaku ennyo assistance. nga tebalina buyambi. We request for assistance in the form Tusaba obuyambi nga entandikwa. of initial funds. Tulina abaana nga bagezi, naye We have very bright children, so we tubadde tusaba tufune engeri were asking to find a way they can gyebandiyambidwamu. be assisted. Twagala nokuliima naye tetulina We would like to engage in ntandikwa. cultivation, but do not have initial Nensonga endala, singa tufuna ente funds. zetwandibadde tunywamu amata nga We would wish to get Friesian dairy fresian cattle. cows. Ekirala tubulamu emisomo nga ffe We lack workshops and adult abantu abakulu. Ebiseera ebisinga education as elders. Most times bakoma ku ma ggombolola, abalamisa extension workers stop at the sub- kubanga ffe tubeera wala. County because we are far. Obuzibu obulala, obuyambi babuwa Another problem is that assistance bali abawaggulu. Bebawa nga ffe eno, is offered to people at higher rungs. tetufuna. We here do not get. Byebyo ebizibu ku lwange bwe ndaba Those problems are most prevalent in ebisingira ddala mu kitundu kyaffe our area. kino.

Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 53

3 Bernadette Nayiga 3 Bernadette Nayiga Ans: The first problem we are faced Oku: Ekizibu ekisookera ddala with is that of many children. We do ky’abaana bangi ate nga tetulina not have assistance concerning their buyambi n’awokubasuza, ne ssente accommodation and school fees. ezibawerera. As of now, I have eight children. Ate ekirala ne nsuku zaffe mbi nnyo. Our shamba is in very poor shape. I Olusuku lwafe nalwo teluli have a problem of lack of cultivation mumbera nungi mpozi nobutabeera equipment. nebikozesebwa mu nnimiro. Another challenge is that I have eight Mpozi nekizibu ekirala kyenina nti children. Nina abaana kati munaana.

4 Yonnasani Nanseera 4 Yonnasani Nanseera (78 years old) (78 Years old) Qtn: What problems do you see as a Eki: Bizibu ki, naddala gwe byolaba citizen of this area? nga omutaka wakuno mu kitundu Ans: The main problem here is kino? hunger and poor road conditions. I have critically observed those Oku: Ebizibu ebisinga kuno bya problems. He belongs to ‘Mutima’ ngundo n’anjala. (Heart) clan. Era ndowooza byebyo byensinga okulaba ennyo. Clan ‘Omutima’ (Heart).

5 Justine Namusisi (30 years old) 5 Justine Namusisi (30 years old) Qn: What problems do you have or Eki: Buzibu ki gwe nga omukyala observe here as a woman? bwoyina oba bwosanze mukitundu Ans: As women, we lack land to till. kino? We have some children who cannot Oku: Tetulina ttaka wetulimira nga ffe 54 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

attend school, while others do not abakyala. have clothes. Tulina abaana abamu tebasoma, I have a burden of looking after five abamu tebalina ngoye.Nina obuzibu orphans since their father died. bw’okulabirira bamulekwa abattaano, kubanga kitaabwe yaffa. Nina obuzito bwokulabirira bamulekwa batano okuva taata wabwe bweyafa.

6 Christine Nakato (40 years old) 6 Christine Nakato (40 years old) Qtn: Tell me about yourself? Eki: Mbulirako ebikwatako I am a widow. I have seven children. ebitonotono? Two are children of my daughter. Oku: Nze ndi namwandu, nina They do not have assistance. That is abaana musanvu, nga ababiri kubo the problem I have here. bamuwala wange. Abaana tebalina buyambi. Era ssebo, nsaba buyambi. Nze kyekyo ekizibu kyeninna wano.

7 Peter Kakooza (35 years old) 7 Peter Kakooza (35 Years old) Qtn: What problems do you have? Eki: Bizibu ki byoyina? I do not have any job, sir. That is my Oku: Ssebo, ekizibu ekyange, sirina problem. kalimu konna. Era sirina kayumba I do not have a house to live. mwensula. I have neither domestic assistance Ekizibu ekirala sirina buyambi bwa nor land to cultivate crops. waka, ate ne wennimira sirinawo. Qtn: Where do you stay? Eki: Osula wa? Ans: I stay near the church of Kitwe. Oku: Nsula wali okulinana ne Kkanisa These are the problems, sir. That is ye kitwe. all. Byebyo ba ssebo. Sirina birala. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 55

8 Neriko Mayanja (70 years old) 8 Neriko Mayanja (70 years old) Qtn: What problems come along due Eki: Bizibu ki ebyakusa ku bwavu, mu to poverty in this area? kitundu? Ans: Land is limited. I do not have Oku: Obufunda bwe ttaka. Nesanga sufficient land to grow food crops to nti sirina ttaka limala bulungi get a surplus. wensobola okulimira okusobola Looking after a big family has brought okufuna emere emala, neterekerebwa. about poverty in this area. Obuzibu obulala bwa Amaka Draught has caused a food crop amanene, nago okugalabirira galeese failure for cultivators here. obwavu mu kitundu kyaffe kino. Ekyeeya nakyo kireese emmere yaffe okubeera obubi na ddala ku balimi eno.

9 John Musisi (25 years old) 9 John Musisi (25 years old) Qtn: What are causes of poverty in Eki: Bizibu ki ebireese obwavu mu your area? kitundu kyo kino? Ans: Coffee trees, our main source Oku: Obulwadde bw’emmwanyi bwe of income, have been infested with buleese obwavu nga ate mu kirime coffee wilt disease. kino mwe tuja ssente ezitiuyamba. Qtn: There aren’t others? Eki: Bizibu ki ebirala? Ans: There are no more serious Oku: Teri birala. Naye bye byo problems than what I have mentioned ebizibu ebisingira ddala bye njogeddeko above. waggulu.

10 Godfrey Ssebandeke 10 Godfrey Ssebandeke (22 years old) (22 years old) Ans : We receive pests and diseases Oku: Tufuna obulwade nga such as cassava mosaic and coffee obwamuwogo ne obwomwanyi ate nga 56 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

wilt. They have been a source of byebino ebibade ensibuko yebyenfuna income for the people in their fight yafe okulwanisa obwavu. against poverty. Most youth get married while young. Abavubuka abasinga bafumbirwa They have many children whom they nga bakyali bato. Ate bazala abana cannot afford to support in terms of bangi nga tebasobola nakubalabirira, education, food, and welfare. okubasomesa nga ne byendisa bizibu No. Those are the causes. byakufuna. Bino byebimu ku bilese obwavu mukitundu.

11 Rose Nalumansi 11 Mrs. Rose Nalumansi (38 years old) (38 years old) Qtn: What are the things that have Eki: Biki ebireese obwavu mu kitundu brought poverty in your area? kyo? Ans: Soil is infested with a disease, Oku: Ettaka lifunye obulwadde which has damaged our food and obuleese okukosebwa kwe mmere yaffe cash crops such as cassava, coffee, n’ebirime. Ebirime nga emwanyi, beans, potatoes, and bananas. This nga ebijanjaalo, muwogo, lumonde has brought us poverty. n’amatooke n’ewesaanga nti bireetedde Qtn: What else? ddala obwavu. Ans: Poverty has brought hunger in Eki: Kiki ekirala? this area. Oku: Obwavu bulese enjala mu Qtn: Do children study well? kitundu Ans: Yes. Most children are Eki: Bo abaana basoma bulungi? attending school free under the UPE Oku: Yee. Abaana abasinga basomera programme. We are okay concerning bwerere ku nkola yabonna basome that issue. (UPE) oba entekateeka. N’olwekyo Qtn: Is that all? tuli bulungi n’obuzibu obwo. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 57

Ans: ……Yes. As far as I am Eki: Ebyo by’ebizibu byokka wano? concerned, they are the only Oku: ……Ye, ku ludda lwange problems. by’ebizibu byokka.

12 Livingston Kabuuza 12 Livingstone Kabuuza (34 years old) (34 years old) Qtn: What do you think are the main Eki: Nsonga ki ddala zolowooza causes of poverty? ezireese obwavu? Ans: Land for food crops cultivation Oku: Obufunda bwe ttaka, we tuyinza is limited. Soil has lost fertility. okusimba ebirime byaffe. Wabula ne ttaka eririwo, obujjimu biriweddewmu.

13 Paskaali Kasumba (40 years old) 13 Paskaali Kasumba (40 years old) Qtn: What has brought poverty in Eki: Kiki ekireese obwavu mu kitundu? this area? Oku: Ettaka liweddemu obugimu. Ans: Soil has lost fertility. Eki: Kiki ekirala nga ojeekyo ekkyo? Qtn: What else apart from that? Oku: Endya mbi, era byebyo byokka. Ans: Poor diet. That is all.

14 Charles Kalooli Byalugaba 14 Charles Kalooli Byalugaba Qtn: Can you give us reasons why Eki: Oyinza okutuwa ensonga lwaki people are very in this area? abantu baavu nnyo mu kitundu? Ans: Hunger. Cassava, our staple Oku: Enjala, olw’ensonga nti muwogo, food, has been infested with cassava emmere gyetusinga okulya no kulima mosaic disease. yafunye obulwadde (cassava mosaic). Another reason is that money to buy Ensonga endala eri nti sente zabula food - stuffs has become scarce. ezigula emmere nebintu ebirala. Health care is available only to people Nga oze ku sayidi y’ebyobulamu, with financial capability. A person ebikozesebwa webiri ku abo abalina 58 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

like me without such capability, find obusobozi. Naye ku abo abatesobola it a big problem. nga nze, buzibu ddala. I do not have a place to stay. Sirina wakusula era oluusi bannyamba Neighbors help me by offering buyambi okunsuza bamulilwana. accommodation occasionally.

15 Mabebwa (80 years old) 15 Mabebwa (80 years old) Qtn: Whats your other name? Eki: Elinya lyo eddala, ggwani? Ans: I do not have another name. Oku: Sirina linya ddala. Qtn: Why are people very poor? Eki: Lwaki abantu bavu nyo? Ans: They do not buy our crops, Oku: Tebagula birime nga ate while few are bought at low prices. nebigulwa, bitwalibwa ku sente ntono Coffee wilt disease has caused a lot ddala. of damage to our coffee trees, which Obulwadde bwe mmwanyi buleese are our main source of income. okukosebwa okwamanyi ku birime byaffe nga emmwanyi. Nga ate kye kirime wano ewaffe kye tusinga okufunamu ensimbi.

Book2 Book 2 Luganda 1 Edward Kiggundu (35 years old) 1 Edward Kiggundu (35 years old) Qtn: Which problems do you have in Eki: Bizibu ki ebiri mu kitundu kyo this community? kino? Ans: We do not have schools. We Oku: Tetulina masomero. Tulina have only one primary school in the pulayimale emu yokka mu muluka whole parish. omulamba gwonna. We do not have health centers. We Tetulina malwaliro. Tutambula travel all the way to a dispensary of 5 kilometer ezisukamu taano okuva kilometers in Kanoni. e Mamba okutuka e Kanoni ku Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 59

We do not have farming equipment ‘dispensary’. and herbicides to enable us to have a Tetulina bikozesebwa mu kulima, good yield. ne ddagala erifuyira ebirime byaffe People get sick but do not access okusobola okufuna amakungula sufficient medication and treatment. amangi. Tetulina nzizzi nnungi. Abantu balwala naye tebafuna bujjanjabi bumala.

2 Charles Kakande (55 years old, 2 Charles Kakande (55 years old, LCI Chairman) LCI Chairman) Qtn: What problems are in your Eki: Buzibu ki mu kitundu kyo? community? Oku: Tetulina malwaliro, era tetulina Ans: We neither have health units, masomero. Tetulina nzizzi nnungi. schools, nor good wells. People Abantu balwala, naye tebafuna get sick and do not get sufficient bujjanjabi bumala. Tetulina masomero health care. We do not have enough gamala. schools.

3 Kosima Kayondo (28 years old) 3 Kosima Kayondo (28 years old) Qtn: What problems do you have in Eki: Bizibu ki ebiri mu kitundu this area? okutwalira awamu? Ans: I am an orphan lacking strength Oku: Yazzemu nsonga ze nti ye to cultivate. I do not have food. mulekwa talina manyi era talina kyalya.

4 Aloziyo Kyalinga (58 years old) 4 Aloziyo Kyalinga (58 years old) Qtn: What problems are in your Eki: Buzibu ki mu kitundu kyo? community? Oku: Tetulina ttaka limala we 60 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: We do not have enough land to tulimira. till. I am physically weak. Era ndi munafu mu mubiri.

5 Aisha Babirye 5 Aisha Babirye Qtn: How old are you? Eki: Olina emyaka emeka? Ans: I do not know my age. Oku: Simanyi myaka gyange. Qtn: What problems are affecting Eki: Bizibu ki okutwalira awamu ebiri your area generally? mu kitundu kyo? Ans: We do not have health units Oku: Tetulina malwaliro na and medical facilities to treat children bikozesebwa mu malwaliro ebiyinza and grown - ups like me. We do okuyamba abaana n’abantu abakulu not have ambulances to transport nga nze. Tetulina byantambula patients. ebiyinza okutambuza abalwadde. Qtn: Is that all? Eki: Byebizibu byokka? Ans: Poverty is in abundance, Oku: ……Obwavu bungi, olwensonga because fish guards came and ba ‘fish guards’ bajja eno ne bonona destroyed all the anglers’ canoes. amaato gabavubi. Qtn: What of hunger? Eki: Ate enjala? Ans: People with strength and Oku: Kwa abo abalina ettaka erimala sufficient land cultivate crops. balima naye nga nze sirina. Naddala Personally, I do not have strength. ku bantu abalina amanyi gaabwe. Qtn: What of your children’s Eki: Ate ku byokusomesa abaana ba education? mwe? Ans: Children attend schools, but Oku: Abaana bagenda ku masomero we do not have assistance. We are naye ebiseera ebisinga tebafuna experiencing hunger and have poor buyambi. road conditions. Era tulina enjala ne ngudo nazo Qtn: Were do you sell your crops? sinnungi. Ans: We lack market to sell our crops Eki: Ebirime byo obitunda wa? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 61

due to bad road conditions. Oku: Tetulina katale we tutundira Qtn: What of security? birime byaffe olw’ensonga z’obubi Ans: We need more security bw’engudo. personnel to safeguard property and Eki: Ate ku byo kwerinda? ourselves. Oku: Twetaaga eby’okwerinda ebisingawo okusobola okutukuuma n’ebintu byaffe.

6 Wilson Kabuye (37 years old) 6 Wilson Kabuye (37 years old) Qtn: Which problems do you get as Eki: Bizibu ki ddala ebituufu byo an individual? sanga mu mbeera zo? In general, we are experiencing a Oku: Okutwalira awamu, tulina problem of transporting our crops to obuzibu bw’okutambuza ebirime byaffe other areas. mu bitundu ebirala. Qtns: What of health? Eki: Ate ku by’obulamu? Ans: We do not have health units. Oku: Ku by’obulamu tetulina There is a dispensary in Kanoni and malwaliro. Tulina ‘dispensary’ e Banda, which are seven and five Kanoni era ziri mailo musaanvu okuva miles from here respectively. wano. Ne ddala liri Banda. Ziri Qtn: How do you find your studies, mailo ttaano okuva wano. is it good? Eki: Ate kuludda lwe by’enjigiiriza byo Ans: We have only one primary birungi? school in the whole parish. We do Oku: Ku by’enjigiriza tulina pulayimale not have any secondary school. emu yokka mu muluka omulamba Qtn: What else apart from that? gwonna. Nga siniya yo temuli ddala. Ans: We lack means of transportation Eki: Kiki ekirala? for our produce. We consume them Oku: Tetulina byantambula okugenda at home due to poor road conditions. mu bitundu ebirala, okutwalayo Most people in Mamba parish earn ebyamaguzi byaffe, era ebisinga obungi 62 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

a living through crop cultivation tubikozesa mu maka gaffe olw’engudo and that is the main economic embi ennyo. Ku by’enfuna, activity. However, we do not get any tukyabulamu emisomo okuva mu workshops or education from experts bakungu abawaggulu ne mu bitongole, and farming clubs. During the past nga ate abantu abasinga wano few months, water levels of the lake balimi. Era sente zabwe ezisinga have dropped drastically. This affects mwe bazifuna wano mu muluka gwe the fish output, whereas it is the main Mamba. Tubadde twafuna okukalira source of cash income for people. kwe nnyanja yaffe mu myezi egiyise Qtn: What of land? Is it enough for nga ate abantu mwe bafuna sente. farming? Mu kuvuba okusinga. Ans: On the issue of land we have Eki: Ate mu bye mbeera za bantu ne no problem. mu kufuna sente. Kiri kitya? Qtn: How is the issue of educating Oku: Era kikyali kizibu ku bantu children in the area? abasinga obungi naddala abatayinza Ans: Parents have abandoned their kufuna ssente za kukozesa. Abalala responsibilty when it comes to bakozesa maanyi gaabwe. Kale nakyo educating children. kizibu. Qtn: Why have they neglected? Eki: Ate ku ttaka? Dyo libamala Ans: It is still a problem for most okulimirako? parents, especially those who are Oku: Ku bye ttaka, tetulina buzibu unable to get money to meet their mwekyo nakyo. needs. Others use ‘physical strength’ Eki: Byo eby’okusomesa abaana biri (heavy duty hand jobs). It is still bitya mukitundu? difficult. Oku: Kirabika abazadde basuliride Qtn: What do parents need to abaanna ku bye njigiriza. educate their children? Eki: Lwaki tebafuddeyo? Ans: We need workshops to sensitize Oku: kikyali kizibu eri abazadde parents on the importance of abasinga okusingiradala abo Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 63

children’s education. abatasobola kwetusako ebyetago bye ewaka.abamu tebalina manyi bulungi. Eki: abazade betaga ki okusomesa abaanna? Oku: Twetagamu emisomo okubangula abazadde omugaso gw’okuwerera abaana.

7 Faridah Musoni (34 years old, 7 Faridah Musoni (34 years old, Chairperson for catering) Chairperson for catering) Qtn: What problems have you found Eki: Buzibuki bw’osanga mu kitundu in this area? kino? Ans: We, residents, are faced with a Oku: Obuzibu bwe tulina ngaffe problem of food scarcity, because of abatunzi bemmere lya bbula lyemmere the past draught. erya jjawo oluvanyuma lwekyeya. We Lack fish due to existing Eki: Ate ki ekirala? extensive draught. Oku: Tulina ne bbula lyebyennywa Qtn: What else? olwekyeya ekingi ennyo. Ans: We have a problem with water Eki: Ebyokulima ,byo biri bitya? because of the drought. Mukozesa kalakita, oba bukumbi? Qtn: How about farming, do you use Oku: Okulima, banaffe abesobola, tractors or hoes? bakozesa abakozi naye abatesobola Ans: Well - to - do people use belimira. Naye nze obulamu bwange laborers to cultivate crops, while the butono. Nkozesa bakozi. poor cultivate by themselves. I use Eki: Waliwo ekirala? laborers, because my life is limited. Oku: Tetulina ntambula era n’enguudo Qtn: Is there something else? mbi nnyo. Ans: We do not have means of Eki: Ebikwata ku by’obulamu biri transportation and road conditions are bitya? 64 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

very bad. Oku: Tetulina malwaliro era Qtn: How is the health system? n’elizimbwa nalyo terinaggwa. Ans: We do not have health units. Eki: Byo eby’okwerinda biri bitya? One is still under construction. Oku: Byo bibadde kalekale. Obubbi Qtn: How about security? bubadde bukendedde nnyo. Ans: Cases of theft have reduced Eki: Ssentebe atutegezezza nti abakazi drastically. mu bungesa nnyo engambo era kiyinza Qtn: The chairperson said that okubanga kye kibagaana okukola. women like rumourmongering that’s Ekyo kiri kitya? why you don’t want to work. How Oku: Okusinziira kunze, ekyo true is that? sikituufu. Nze ndi mukozi nnyo, era Ans: As far as I am concerned, bwenvawano ngenda kunonya mmere that[problem of laziness, or lack of ya balunnyanja. work] is not true. I am hardworking Eki: Ate ebikwata kunjala? and after this interview, I am going to Oku: Enjala yo nnyingi nga bwe search for food for the anglers. nakugambyeko edda, olwe’kyeya Qtn: What about hunger? ekitugoyeza obwenvu emabegako awo. Ans: Hunger is too much, as I had told you earlier. This is due to the draught that weakened us to pulp recently.

8 Kalolina Nabisere (35 years old) 8 Kalolina Nabisere (35 years old) Qtn: Which problems have you seen Eki: Bizibuki byolaba kumuno among your friends? What would you mukitundu kyammwe? Era biki bye like to do for them? wand’yagadde bakolere? Ans: We wish to have means of Oku: Twagala entambula eyinza transportation to the main road. okututuusa kukubo eddene. Qtn: Do you have a hospital in your Eki: Mulina eddwaliro mu kitundu Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 65

area? kyammwe kino? Ans: No...... There is not any. Oku: Nedda…... there isn’t any. Qtn: Does poverty exist in this area? Eki: Mukitundu kino mulina mu Ans: Poverty exists, because we do obwavu? not have food crops for both home Oku: Obwavu mwebuli kubanga consumption and a surplus for sale. tetulina mmere gyetulya, era Qtn: What else? n’okutunda esigadde wo okufuna mu Ans: Her next response was an akasente. explanation about her children’s Eki: Ate kiki ekirala? illness and an appeal for assistance. Oku: Okuddamu okulala kuli ku Qtn: I have found you seating here. kunyonnyola bulwadde bwamwana Maybe you could have gathered ng’ayagala buyambi. money for your child’s treatment? Eki: Naye nsanze otudde wan. Osanga Ans: I do work, sir. I sell cooked wandibadde okunganyayo ne sente food at the landing site and cultivate eziyinza okumujanjaba. crops, too. Oku: Nkola Ssebo, kubanga ntunda Qtn: What problems do you meet as emere nfumbe wano ku nnyanja nga farmers? ate bwe nnima. Ans: Soil I cultivate has lost fertility. Eki: Bizibu ki nga gwe omulimi My crops do not yield well. by’osanga? Qtn: You want tools like a tractor? Oku: Ettaka liweddemu obujjimu we Ans: I would have required it mbadde nnimira. [tractor], but cannot hire it. Era ebirime tebikyadda bulungi. Eki: Oyagala ebikozesebwa nga tulakita? Oku: Nandigyetaaze naye nga nze siyinza kugipangisa. 66 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Book 3 Book 3 Luganda 1 Laulensiyo Kalega (45 years old) 1 Laulensiyo Kalega (45years old) Qtn: What problems do you have as Eki: Bizibu ki bye mulina nga gwe a resident of this area generally? omutuuze wawano, okutwalira Ans: Our main problem is that of awamu? wells. It really is a big problem. We Oku: Obuzibu obusingira ddala wano, drink very bad water. bwe tulina, bwa nzizzi. Kizibu ddala ekisingira ddala obukulu. Tunywa amazzi amabi ennyo.

2 Ezeresi Namubiru (25 years old) 2 Ezeresi Namubiru (25 years old) Qtn: What problems do you find here Eki: Bizibu ki bwe musanga wano mu in Kisoga? Kisoga? Ans: As teachers we do not have Oku: Nga ffe abasomesa, tetulina ntebe furniture such as chairs, benches and mbaawo ne toilets abaana bye bayinza tables for our pupils’ use. We have a okukozesa. Omuwemdo ogusinga shortage of toilets. There is only one obunene wano bakozesa ‘toilet’ emu. pit latrine for most of the pupils. Eki: Ate ku ludda lwe by’obulamu? Qtn: What of the issue concerning Oku: Tetulina budomola abaana bye health? bayinza okukozesa nga okunaba mu Ans: We do not have small water ngalo nga bavudde mu kabuyonjo. cans that pupils can use after visiting Eki: Ate obujjanjabi obusooka? the pit latrine. Oku: Tetulina bujjanjabi obusooka. Qtn: What of first treatment? Okugeza, singa omwana akubiddwa Ans: We do not have ‘first aid’ oba alumiziddwa enjinja tumusindika facilities. Should a stone hurt a pupil, ku ddayo ka. we just send him/her back home. Eki: Ku ludda lwe mbeera ya bulijjo Qtn: On the issue of livelihood and ne nkulakulana, ogisanga otya mu economic development, how do you kitundu? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 67

find it? Oku: 1. Mu butufu, tewali butale we Ans: 1．For sure, there is no market tuyinza kutunda birime. where we can sell our produce. 2. Ku ludda lwe by’okulima 2. We still apply old-fashioned tukyakozesa enkola enkadde. cultivation methods. 3. Tetulina balimisa abayinza okutuwa 3. We do not have extension workers ku magezi ge twandikozesa mu nnima to advise us on good cultivation ennungi. methods. Eki: Ate ku ludda lwe by’obulamu ne Qtn: What about health and by’entambula? transportation? Oku: Ku ludda lwe by’obulamu, Ans: We do not have health units tetulina malwaliro. Ne ntamabula and means of transportation is still ekyali mbi nnyo ddala. Kyenkana, very bad. Most teachers walk long abasomesa abasinga obungi batambula distance and usually arrive late. bigere nga ate bava wala nnyo. Ate Qtn: What of land, is it enough? ebiseera batuuka kikereeze wano. Ans: Land is enough and we have Eki: Ate ku ttaka, libamala bulungi? place to cultivate. However, we do Oku: Ettaka litumala bulungi era ne not have access to equipment such wetulimba tulinawo. Naye tetulina as hoes, wheelbarrows, and tractors. ngeri gyetufunamu ebikozesebwa nga They are necessary, but we cannot enkumbi, ‘wheel barrow’. Ne kalakita afford. nazo twandizetaaze singa tubeera Qtn: How do you use your new n’obusobozi. farming skills and do you like it? Eki: Mukozesa mutya obukodyo obupya Ans: We are not applying modern mu nnima yammwe era mu byagadde? cultivation methods adequately, Oku: Obukodyo obupya obwe nnima because we do not have assistance. tetubukozesa bulungi olwensonga If we can get assistance, we can nti, tetulina buyambi, naye singa utilize them. tufuna obuyambi bwonna, tuyinza Qtn: They told me that you yeachers okubukozesa. 68 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

have no plan and yet you would Eki: Nga mmwe abasomesa bangambye have used a plan to expand your nti temulina ‘plan’ naddala mu knowledge. How true is that? kitundu kino, ate nga mwandikozesezza Ans: As regards that issue, we have ‘plan’ entono okugaziya ku ntegeera plans, but do not have what we call yammwe. Kituufu? initial funds. Oku: Ku nsonga eyo, tulina ‘plan’, Qtn: What alarm do you raise to naye tetulina gyetwandiyise nga the people who are willing to giving entandikwa. help? Eki: Mulanga ki gwe wandiwadde eri Ans: Given the current situation, I abagabi bo buyambi? call upon donor agencies to give us Oku: Nga embeera bweri ennaku zino, initial funds. nkowoola abagabi bo buyambi okutuwa Qtn: Other areas have been affected entandikwa. by pests and diseases, what about Eki: Ebitundu ebirala bifunye obuwuka here in Kisoga? n’obulwadde. Ate kiri kitya wano mu Ans: Diseases affecting cassava and Kisoga? coffee have gone too far. Almost Oku: Ku bulwadde bwa muwogo the whole area has been affected n’emwanyi okukala, bigenze wala with diseases. It can result into a nnyo. Kyenkana ekitundu ekisinga reduction in the number of pupils obunene kikwatiddwa obulwadde. attending school, because their Kiyinza n’okukendeeza omuwendo parents depend on these crops for gwabaana obutagenda mu masomero. their livelihood. Kubanga kyenkana abazadde Qtn: On the issue of education, how kwebabadde besigamye ku birime bino. is it on your side. Have parents given Eki: Ku ludda lwe by’enjigiriza, in their children? obisanze otya nga ggwe? Abazadde Ans: In our area, children are bawaddeyo abaana? attending school, but parents are Oku: Ku nsonga eno, mu kitundu not offering any assistance, whereas kyaffe abaana basoma, naye abazadde Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 69

they have to provide necessities tebawayo buyambi, nga ate balina such as books, pencils, and others. okuwaayo ebyetaagisa nga ebitabo They need sensitization on this ne kkalaamu, ne birala. Ku nsonga issue so that parents understand the eno, betaagamu emisomo abazadde importance of children’s education. bategeere omugaso gw’okusomesa abaana.

3 Harriet Nambooze (31 years olds) 3 Harriet Nambooze (31 years old) Qtn: Which problems do you find in Eki: Bizibu ki byolina wano ku ssomero school and in the today today life? ne mubulamu bwo obwa bulijjo? Ans: Let me start with school Oku: Kantandike n’obuzibu bwe problems. ssomero lino. 1. Classrooms are not enough. 1. Ebizimbe mwe tusomesereza abaana 2. Benches, tables, and desks used by tebimala bulungi. pupils are a problem. 2. Entebe, meeza, abaana kwebatuula 3. Our latrines are not enough, nga basoma nabyo bizibu. whereas we have very many pupils. 3. Ne kabuyonjo tebumala nga ate 4. Pupils do not have school tulina omuwendo gwa abaana bangi requirements, because parents do not nnyo wano. want to buy them. 4. Abaana tebalina bikozesebwa. Qtn: What can we do for parents Abazadde tebagala kugula bintu who don’t care about supporting their abaana abo by’ebakozesa. children? Eki: Tuyinza kukolera ki abazadde abo Ans: They need workshops about abatafaayo ku yamba baana baabwe? the UPE programme. Although Oku: Betaagamu emisomo abazadde we endeavored to organize such ku nkola ya bonna basome. workshops, parents did not respond. Newankubadde bagezezzaako okutegeka Qtn: Apart from problems in schools, emisomo, naye abazadde tebafuddeyo what other problems have hindred ku gyijjumbira. 70 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

you from going forward? Eki: Ku ludda olulala ng’ogyeeko Ans: We are experiencing hunger in ebizibu bwe ssomero byoka, biki our area, because soil is exhausted. ebirala ebiddirizza enkola yammwe We do not have agricultural okugenda mu maaso? equipment. Oku: Tetulina bikozesebwa ku ludda Qtn: What else? lwe by’okulima. Waliwo enjala mu Ans: We have neither a nearby health kitundu. Tetulina kye tulya. Ettaka unit nor medical personnel around. likaddiye. Our health care is very bad. Ku ludda lwe by’obulamu tuli bubi Ans: There are no ambulances to nnyo. Tetulina ddwaliro okumpi, era transport patients to health units in tewali na musawo mu kitundu. case of an emergency. Eki: Kiki ekirala? Oku: Eby’entambula ebiyinza okutwala abalwadde singa wabaawo omutawaana ogwamangu.

4 Ezra Kiwalabye (70 years old) 4 Ezra Kiwalabye (70 years old) Qtn: Can you please share with us Eki: Oyinza okutuwa ebizibu by’olina the problems that you have? wano ssebo? Ans: Poverty is too much. It is the Oku: Waliwo obwavu era kye kisingira main problem. ddala. Qtn: What brings poverty? Eki: Kiki ekireeta obwavu? Ans: 1. Coffee trees, our only cash Oku: 1. Emwanyi zifunye obulwadde crop, have been infested with disease. nga ate kye kirime kyokka wetubadde 2. We are experiencing transportation tufuna ssente wokka. problems. Road conditions are very 2. Ekizibu ekirala, by’antambula oba bad and are far off. For instance, engudo. Ziri mu mbeera mbi ate they are as far as Nsambwe. nga zikoma wala nnyo. Okugeza e 3. We do not have adequate health Nsambwe. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 71

units. 3. Tewali ddwaliro limala bulungi. Qtn: They have told us that the land Eki: Batugambye nti ettaka likaddiye in other areas is quite old, how is it mu bitundu ebirala. Wano kiri kitya? here? Oku: Kituufu ettaka likaddiye Ans: It is true that soil is exhausted, okusingira dala mu kitundu kyaffe kino especially in our area. However, we nga ate tetulina buyambi ku bayinza do not have any assistance such as okutwa ebijjimusa. fertilizers. Eki: Ku ludda lw’abaana okubasomesa. Qtn: What has been your assessment Okirabye otya, naddala ku nkola ya of the UPE programme? bonna basome (UPE)? Ans: In our area, children are Oku: Mu kitundu kyaffe basoma, attending school, but the programme naye ngamba nti enkola eremye oba has failed and we are not certain okuva ku basomesa? Naye tetumanyi what the cause is. kituufu. Qtn: Teachers have informed Eki: Naye abasomesa batugambye us that you were an obstacle to nti namwe mubafukidde obuzibu ku the programme. How true is the ntekateeka eno. Ogamba otya kwe statement? kyo? Ans: Some totally neglect to provide Oku: Abamu baganidde ddala necessities, while others try to okuwaayo ebintu naye abalala provide requirements such as books, bagezezzaako okuyamba mu bintu. pencils, and so on. Okuwaayo ebitabo, ne kkalamu ne Qtn: What do you have to say on the birala. issue of coffee pestsides and diseases? Eki: Ku ludda ly’obulwadde bwe Ans: We no longer have cassava, mwanyi ne muwogo, ogambawo ki? because of that disease. Oku: Tetulina muwogo kubanga Qtn: What would you like tell the obulwadde obwo webuli. pople who are ready to offer help? Eki: Mulanga ki gw’owa eri abagabi My appeal to donor agencies is for b’obuyambi? 72 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

hard cash or fertilizers. This can be Oku: Omulanga gwange eri abagabi given through organizations that are b’obuyambi guli nti batuwe ssente not corrupt. enkalu oba ebijjimusa nga bayita mu bitongole ebitali bya nguzzi.

5 Robert Bwangatto (17 years old) 5 Robert Bwangatto (17 years old) Qtn: Which problems have hindred Eki: Buzibu ki ddala obutuufu the development of your area? obudizza enkulakulana yamwe mu Ans: 1. Our roads are impassable. I kitundu emabega? think you have witnessed it, too. Oku: 1.Enguudo, teziyitikamu, 2. People really wanted to cultivate era: Ndowooza nammwe mululabye crops, but are discouraged due to the (kennyini). road conditions. 2. Abantu bagala nnyo okulima naye 3. Our coffee trees are drying off due balemeddwa olwe nguudo. to the persistent coffee wilt disease. 3. Ekirala emmwanyi zaffe Qtn: What do you have to say on the zikala olwensonga y’obulwadde idea of acquiring support? obwemmwanyi obuliwo kati. Ans: My appeal to donor agencies is Eki: Birowoozo ki by’olina nga gwe ku for fertilizers to improve our gardens’ buyambi bwonna. fertility. Oku: Omulanga gwe nyinza okuwa eri Qtn: What do you use for digging? ebitongole ebigaba obuyambi kutuwa Ans: We use hoes.I use a hoe, ebigyimusa, tusobole okujjimusa because I cannot afford to acquire a ennimiro zaffe. tractor. Eki: Mukozesa ki bwemuba mulima? Qtn: Would you like to use a hoe Oku: Tukozesa nkumbi. Nkozesa only or ant other tools? nkumbi kuba sisobola kugula kilakita Ans: I use a hoe because am not in Eki: Wandyagadde okukozesa enkumbi the position to buy a tractor. oba ebikozesebwa ebirala ebisinga ko Qtn: We have heard that you did not awo? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 73

want to work, but took alcohol and Oku: Nkozesa nkumbi kubanga went hunting. Is it true? sirina busobozi buyinza kwagala nga Ans: It is true that we hunt, but not kulakita. early in the morning. We first till our Eki: Naye bangambye nti temwagala gardens then later go hunting. kukola. Mwagala kunywa bunywi Qtn: What about drinking alcohol? mwenge na kuyigga nsolo. Ddala Ans: Some people do drink, while kituufu? others do not. Oku: Kituufu tuyigga, naye tetuyigga Qtn: You as a young man, what do ku makya nnyo. Tusooka kulima, you have to say to the Government oluvannyuma ne tuyigga ensolo. of Uganda? Eki: Ate okunywa omwenge? Ans: My appeal to the government, Oku: Abantu abamu bannywa, ate Kyegonza sub-County and elsewhere abalala tebanywa. is to give assistance to us, youth. It Eki: Olina omulanga gwonna, nga is done in other sub-Counties in a ggwe omuvubuka, eri govumenti ya similar way. This is to enable us Uganda? develop the area together. Oku: Omulanga gwange gwenkuba eri govumenti ne kyegonza wonna, okutwalira awamu, okutuwa obuyambi nga ffe abavubuka enkulakulana eya wamu, ngamuwa e Ggombolola amalala.

6 David Ssewakiryanga 6 David Ssewakiryanga (17 years old) (17 years old) Qtn: What general problems does our Eki: Buzibu ki ekitundu kyaffe E’ area Kyegonza have? Kyegonza bwekirina, okutwalira Ans: awamu? 1. Road conditions are a problem. Oku: 74 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

2. Traders cheat us taking advantage 1. Waliwo obuzibu bw’amakubo. of our ignorance of crop prices. 2. Abasubuzi batuseera 3. There is no market. olw’obutamanya miwendo gya bintu. 4. We wish to have a health unit 3. Tewali butale. in our area to help us in case of 4. Twagala naffe eddwaliro mu emergency. kitundu okusobola okutuyamba bwe Qtn: When it comes to land, its said waba waliwo obuyambi. that you don’t own land. How true is Eki: Ku ludda lwe ttaka, kiraga nti that? tolina ttaka lilyo. Ogamba wo ki? Ans: I have my own plot of land. Oku: Nina ettaka eryange era awo That is where I built my house. wenzimbye ne nnyumba yange kati. Qtn: Are those the only problems? Eki: Ebyo bye bizibu byokka? Ans: Yes, sir. Oku: ……Ye Ssebo.

Book 4 Book 4 Luganda 1 Loziyo Lubega (20 years old) 1 Loziyo Lubega (20 years old) Qtn: We would like you to tell us Eki: Twagala otuwe ebireese obwavu what has brought poverty in the areas mu kitundu kye Kisoga ne Kyegonza of Kisoga and Kyegonza? wonna okutwalira awamu. Ans: [Concerning to causes of Oku: poverty in Kisoga and Kyegonza at 1. Ebirime byaffe byetusimba tebirina large] katala. 1. Our crops do not have market. 2. Ettaka terimala bulungi n’amazzi 2. Land is not sufficient and our getulina wano mabi nnyo. water is very bad. 3. Tuyita ebibiina ebigaba obuyambi 3. We call upon donor agencies to okutuwa ‘bore-holes’. By’ebyo give us boreholes. These are the only ebiriwoozo byange byokka. opinions I have. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 75

2 Jessica Namwenje (22 years old) 2 Jessica Namwanje (22 years old) Qtn: Would you please share with us Eki: Bambi, oyinza okutuwa ebizibu the problems you have in your area? ebiri mu kitundu kyo kino bye mulina? Ans: Oku: 1. First, we do not have food. Coffee 1. Okusookera ddala, emmwanyi trees have contracted a disease. zifunye obulwadde era tetulina mmere. Even cassava has been infested with Ne muwogo naye afunye obuwuka. pests. 2. Tetulina luzzi wetugya mazzi, era 2. We do not have a well where ekyo kye kizibu kyaffe ekisinga to fetch water. That is our main obukulu. problem. Eki: Lwaki temutwala baana ku Qtn: Why don’t you take children masomero? Tubalaba wano, nga ate to shool? We see that there is an kati waliwo enkola ya bonna basome. innavtion of UPE. Oku: Tebalina ngoye z’akusomeramu, Ans: They[children] do not have kubanga ate emmwanyi zetubadde school uniforms. Coffee, our main tufunamu sente, zafuna obulwadde. cash crop, has been infested with Eki: Ate ku ludda lwe by’obulamu, pests. obiraba otya? Qtn: What about healt issues? Oku: Tetulina malwaliro ne Ans: We do not have health units. by’entambula nabyo tuli bubi nnyo. Our means of transportation is very Eki: Mulanga ki gwolina eri abagaba bad. obuyambi? Qtn: What would you like the Oku: Batuweeyo emmwanyi empya eza agencies that offer support to do for ‘clonal coffee’ tusobole okuzzaamu ezo you? ezifunye obulwadde. Ans: Let them give us new coffee to replace the infested ones. 76 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

3 Livingston Lwamucwa 3 Livingston Lwamucwa (47 years old) (47 years old) Qtn: We would like to know poverty Eki: Twagala okumanya okuva eri gwe problems in your day today life? ebizibu by’obwavu okuva mubulamu Ans: Generally, poverty is in bwo obwa bulijjo. existence. Oku: Okutwalira awamu waliwo Qtn: When it comes to good food obwavu. that is weighed for example milk, Eki: Ku ludda lwe mmere ennungi what is your view on this? etuuse mu bipimo, nga amata, ogamba Ans: They are not fed on an otya ku nsonga eno? unbalanced diet. They do not get Oku: Balya emmere etatuus mu even milk. bipimo, na mata nago tebafuna. Qtn: What do you have to say to the Eki: Mulanga ki gwolina eri abagabi agencies like JICA that offer help? b’obuyambi nga aba JICA? Ans: I, therefore, appeal to donor Oku: Nolwekyo nkowoola abagabi agencies to give us Friesian cows that b’obuyambi okutuwa ente eza ‘freshian’ can provide us with powdered milk ezisobola okutuwa amata g’obuwunga as well as any other assistance that oba obuyambi obulala obuyinza can help us earn money. okutuyamba okufunamu sente. Qtn: What do you have to say about Eki: Ku ludda lwe by’obulamu, health? ogambawo ki? Ans: Our health situation is very bad, Oku: Ku ludda lwe by’obulamu kiri because we do not have health units bubi nnyo ddala olwensonga nti apart from a dispensary in Kanoni. tetulina malwaliro era tulina Kanoni We need a health unit in our village. nga ‘dispensary’ yokka. Qtn: What do you have to say about Twetaaga eddwaliro mu kyalo kyaffe education? Eki: Ku ludda lwe by’okusoma ogamba Ans: Our educational level is still otya? very low. The government has tried Oku: Ku by’okusoma, omutindo Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 77

its best through its UPE programme. gukyali wansi nnyo, naye gavumenti However, the school buildings are in yo egezezaako nnyo okuyamba nga a very bad shape. ekozesa enkola ya bonna basome. Qtn: On the issue of farming, what Naye ne bizimbe nabyo biri mu do you have to say especially that mbeera mbi nnyo ddala. your land is old? Eki: Ku ludda lwe by’okulima ogamba Ans: I appeal to donor agencies wo ki? Naddala ku ttaka elyo for fertilizers, given that our soil is erikadiye mu kitundu kyammwe. exhausted. Oku: Nkowoola abagabi b’obuyambi Qtn: On the side of farming, what do batuweeyo ebigimusa ng’ettaka lyaffe you use for cultivation? bwerikadiye. Ans: Our cultivation method is still Eki: Ku ludda lwe bye nnimisa, very bad. As poor people, provide us mukozesa ki? with oxen to plough. Oku: Ennima yaffe ekyali mbi Qtn: We heard that the people of nnyo. Nga ffe abantu abaavu, bandi this area are not truthful. They give tuyambye ne batufunira ente ezisobola you loans and then you fail to take it okutulimira. back. What do you have to say about Eki: Tuwulira nti abantu b’omukitundu this issue? kino temuli bamazima. Bayinza Ans: That [people can fail to refund] okubawa ‘loans’ nga entandikwa is true, but we can hold a general ne mulemererwa ogyizaayo eri meeting and decide who is to lead abagyibaawa. Naye ogamba otya ku such a scheme. Once we get initial nsonga eno? funds, we can find out who are Oku: Ku nsonga eno kituufu, naye dishonest and who are honest enough kati tuyinza okutuula wansi ffenna to manage it. ne tusalawo ani ayinza okulembera Qtn: In this area we know that most ‘project’ eno. Singa tubeera tumanya people take a lot of alcohol but they abo abamu abatali bamazima, naabo are willing to work, butbthey still abamazima, abayinza okuddukanya 78 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

inorderto set themselves free from enkola eno, singa tubeera tufunye poverty. Is it true? entandikwa. Ans: It is true that some people take Eki: Mu kitundu kino tumanyi nti alcohol, but if there is any piece of abantu abasinga obungi banywa work to do, they do it. If there is no omwenge. Naye, baagala okukola, ne work to do, then they remain idle. baba nti basobola okwegya mu bwavu, kitufu? Oku: Kituufu abantu abamu banywa omwenge, naye singa wabeerawo ebintu eby’okukola bakola. Naye singa tewali mulimu gwonna, bagezaako okubeera awo nga tebalina kyebakola.

4 Aisha Babirye (Mamba) 4 Aisha Babirye (Mamba) Qtn: Which other problems do you Oku: Bizibu ki ebirala by’olaba? have? 1. Okutuzimbira eddwaliro. 1. To build a health unit for us. 2. Okutuzimbira amasomero. 2. To build schools for us. 3. Okutuzimbira enguudo. 3. To construct roads for us. Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira aba JICA Qtn: What would you like to air out okulongosa ebintu ebyo? to JICA about these issues? Oku: Batulongoseze ebintu ebyo Ans: Let them improve all the above, byonna naddala kubya kwerinda especially we need more guards for batwongereko abakuumi. our security. ‘’Monkey clan’’ Note: Nkima (Monkey) clan.

5 Loziyo Kyalinga (58 years old) 5 Loziyo Kyalinga (58 years old) Qtn: What is your clan and where Eki: Weddira ki era wavaawa? are you from? Oku: ……Neddira Ngo, era nazalibwa Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 79

Ans: I belong to Ngo (Cheater) clan. muno. Nava Mawokota era I was born here. gyenakulira. Qtn: What has caused poverty? Oku: Obwavu buleteedwa ne nguudo Poverty is caused by road conditions, ezili mumbera embi, okubulwa failure to access health care, and obujanjabi, namalwalilo okubulwawo. absence of health units. Oku: Abe nganda bange bali wala Qtn: Where are your relatives? nyo. Sili nabo e Mamba. Ndabililwa Ans: My relatives are far away. I Gavumenti. do not have them in Mamba. I am Eki: oyina ssente? under the care of the government. Oku: Sirina Ssente. Qtn: Do you have money? Ans: I don’t have money.

6 Byalugaba 6 Byalugaba Qtn: We would like to know your Eki: Twandyagadde okumanya history and where you come from? ebyafaayo byo, era wavaawa? Ans: I came here from Buddu to Oku: Nava Buddu. Najja ng’omukozi. work as a laborer. When my people Oluvannyuma lw’abantu bange okufa died, I decided to work for myself. ne nsalawo nepakasizze. Qtn: How did you acquire this land? Eki: Wano wagulawo otya? Ans: My boss gave it [the land] to Oku: Mukama wange yampawo buwi. me. Eki: Mukama wo yani? Qtn: What is the name of your boss Oku: Ye Misayiri Kasozi. Wa kuno ku Ans: He [the boss] was Misayiri Malere, naye yafa. Kasozi from here, Malere. He passed Eki: Abenganda zo wabaleka wa? away. Oku: Nabaleka Buddu, naye simanyi Qtn: Where did you leave your oba gyebali, oba baafa. Entalo family members? zibadde nyingi. Ans: I left them [family] in Buddu, Eki: Bwetuwulira erinnya Byalugaba, 80 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

but I am not sure whether they are tulitwala okuba lya mu Ankole. Kiri dead or alive. Many wars have taken kitya? place. Oku: ……Nedda. Ssebo, nze siri Qtn: When we hear the pronunciation wayo. Neddira Mpologoma. of your name, Byalugaba, we assume Eki: Twandiyagadde okumaya it’s from Ankole. What do you say? bazaddebo. Era gyebali, oba baafa? Ans: ……No, sir. I am not from there. Oku: Kati simanyi. Siyinza kulimba I belong to Mpologoma (Lion) clan. nti gyebali oba baafa, kubanga n’entalo Qtn: We would like to know your zibadde nnyingi. parents. Are they there or dead? Ans: Right now, I do not know. I cannot lie to you whether they [father and mother] are dead or alive, because many wars have occurred.

7 Tanansi Munyabigyereero 7 Tanansi Munyabigyereero Qtn: For how long have you stayed Eki: Kuno ku Malere, omazeeko in Malere? kiseera ki? Ans: It has been a long time. Oku: Ekiseera kinene. Qtn: You came in which year? Eki: Wajja mwaka ki? Ans: I do not remember. Oku: Sikyagujjukira. Qtn: You came from where? Eki: Wavaawa? Ans: I came from Rwanda. Oku: Nava Rwanda. Qtn: What job do you do? Eki: Kaakati, kuno okolako mulimu ki? Ans: I just cultivate crops. Oku: Nima bulimi. Qtn: Do you have were you stay or Eki: Olina w’osula, oba bakusuza you are hosted? busuza? Ans: I am just accommodated. Oku: Bansuza busuza. Qtn: As far as you have stayed long Eki: Ggwe nga bw’oludde ku Malere, Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 81

in Malare what problem have you olowoza buzibu ki obuli ku Malere? encountered? Oku: Njala. Ans: Hunger is a problem here, Eki: Enjala, olowoza evudde ku ki? Malere. Oku: Ku bye balima ne bifa. Naddala Qtn: What dou you think has caused muwogo ne lumonde. hunger? Eki: Ng’ovudde ku by’enjala, olinayo Ans: Crops we cultivate, such as ekizibu ekirala ekituletedde okuba nga cassava and potatoes, die off. bwetuli kati? Qtn: Apart from hunger what other Oku: Ekizibu kiva butalya bulungi. problem has made you live like this? Emere temala. Ans: The problem is poor diet. Food Eki: Ebirime byammwe mubitundawa is insufficient. wano? Nga kasooli oyo, abantu Qtn: Were do you sell your crops for bamumalawo? example maize, do you sell it all? Oku: Bamumalawo mu kyalo, kubanga Ans: It is all consumed in the village, enjala mpitirivu. since hunger is too much. Eki: Kati eby’amazzi obiraba otya? Qtn: How do you find issues Oku: Amazzi tugalina era enzizzi concerning water? tuzikola ezaffe eze Kiddugavu. Ans: We have water out of locally Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira abantu made wells. bonna abayinza okujja okutuyamba? Qtn: How would you like people out Oku: Nze mbadde njagala batuyambe there to help you? ku bye mmere, kubanga enjala nyingi. Ans: I wish to be helped with food, Eki: Olina omukyala na abaana? since hunger is excessive. Oku: Sirina mukyala na abaana. Qtn: Do you have a wife? Tebaliwano. Basigalayo e’ Rwanda Ans: I do not have wife and children. Oku: Kati wano sirina. Benazaala I do not have them here. My children basigala e Rwanda. remained in Rwanda. Eki: Owulira oyinza okwagala I can return to see the people I left okuddayo singa baba bakugambye 82 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

behind who are still living. okuddayo e Rwanda? Qtn: Are you Tutsi or Hutu? Oku: Nzirayo okulaba abaayo. Bemba Ans: I am a Hutu. nsanze b’ensanga. Eki: Oli muTutsi oba muHutu? Oku: Ndi muHutu.

Book 5 Book 5 Luganda 1 Erukaana Ssemwanga 1 Erukaana Ssemwanga (17 years old) (17 years old) Qtn: What job do you do? Eki: Okola mulimi ki? Ans: I have been schooling and Oku: Mbadde nkya soma Ssebo, naye farming small things where I have nga nima obuntu obutono tono bwe been getting some money, because nzijjamu sente, kubanga bakadde my father died who was catering for bange abaali banyamba omu yava mu me. nsi (yaffa). Qtn: According to you what oroblems Eki: Naye, buzibu ki bw’olaba obuli do you see around this area? mu kitundu muno? Ans: What has caused poverty is that Oku: ……Ekiretedde ddala obwavu, the youth don’t what to work, they abavubuka tubulamu okukola. Era are lazy whereas there is enough tulinamu omutima ogwe kigayaavu, land. ate nga ettale weriri. Tewali akubiriza Qtn: In which year did your father bavubuka. die? Eki: Kakati wano taata wo akyaliwo? Ans: [My father]Died in 1994. Oku: Yafa Ssebo. Qtn: Where did you come from? Eki: Yafa mwaki ki? What is your birth place? Oku: Yafa 1994. Ans: I was born here. Eki: Wavaawa okujja wano? Qtn: What do you have in your Oku: Era wano we nazzalibwa Ssebo. house? Eki: Olina bintu ki eby’omunyumba Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 83

Ans: I have my bed, books and pen. ebisobola okubeezawo? Qtn: Do you have relatives around Oku: Ninamu ekitanda bwange, who support you like you have told ebitabo era ne kkalamu. us earlier? Eki: olinayo abenganda abakuyamba Ans: They [relatives] haven’t yet ku buzibu nga bw’obutugambye? started to support me because I Oku: ……babadde tebanandika ku have been having coffee where I get nyamba kubanga mbadde nkyalina money and other crops which I grow. kubumwannyi mwe nzijja sente era Qtn: Which class did you stop in? n’obuntu obulala lala bwe nima. Ans: Am still learning. Eki: Wakoma mukiibina ki? Qtn: In which class you are? Oku: Ssebo nkya soma. Ans: Am in senior three. Eki: Oli mu siniya yakumeka? Qtn: How do you find the education Oku: Siniya ya ku satu. system at your school? Eki: Ebye njigiriza obisanze otya Ans: Education is not bad because kusomero? we have been getting teachers in full Oku: Bibade tebinabeera bibi Ssebo, capacity, but the problem is school kubanga abasomesa tubafuna mu fees. bujjuvu naye ekizibu kyo, bisale Qtn: Do the youth of this place want ebyesomero. to work and are they cooperative if Eki: Abavubuka bamuno mwagala there is a need to unite? okukola? Era bakolaganika nabo bwe Ans: Yes, they are cooperative and waberawo ekisobola okubagatta? they are not arrogant. Oku: Yee, Ssebo bakolaganika nabo Qtn: They are not proud? era tebewulira. Ans: They are not proud. Eki:Tebewulira? Qtn: Do you have small groups which Oku: Tebewulira ssebo. can bring you together to achieve Eki: Mulinayo obubiina obusobola your goals? okuba kuunga ne mugyamu Ans: We don’t have small groups. kyemwagala okukola? 84 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: Do you take alcohol and other Oku: Tetulina bibina. youths around? Eki: onywa kumwenge na bavubuka Ans: No, I don’t drink alchohol. abalala? Even the other youth don’t drink. Oku: Nedda ssebo sinywa mwenge, Qtn: Is this house yours? nababvubuka tebagunywa. Ans: No sir. Eki: Eno ennyumba yiyo? Qtn: What is your mothers name? Oku: Nedda Ssebo. Ans: My mother is called Nakajjubi. Eki: Maama wo bamuyita ani? Qtn: And what is her other Christian Oku: Ye mukyala Nakajjubi Ssebo. name? Eki: Ate eddala? Ans: Aidah. Oku:Ye Aidah, Ssebo. Qtn: How old is she? Eki: Alina emyaka emeka? Ans: 30 years. Oku: Asatu Ssebo. Qtn: What is your clan? Eki: Weddira ki? Ans: Mmamba clan. Oku: Mmamba Ssebo.

2 Livingston Lumala (40 years old) 2 Livingston Lumala (40 years old) Qtn: Now, Mr., which problems do Eki: Kakati Muzeeyi, buzibu ki you have? bw’olina? Ans: The problem I have is coffee Oku: Obuzibu bwe nina bwa disease and I beg kindly to help us mwannyi. Emwanyanyi zirwadde, era on this problem. nsaba batuyambe ku buzibu obwo. Qtn: How is education in this area? Eki: Ebye nsoma yabaana biri bitya? Ans: Generally education in our area Oku: Okutwaliza awamu eby’ensoma is modern. yabaana tenaba kuba yamulembe mu Qtn: How do you find health systems kitundu kyaffe. in this area? Eki: Eby’obulamu mu bisanze bitya mu Aans: The healthy care is weak kitundu kyammwe? because we don’t have clinics here. Oku: Eby’obulamu binafu nafu Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 85

Qtn: When did you come here and is kubanga telulina mu kalwaliro konna this your place? muno. Ans: This is where I stay in the Eki: Muzeeyi, wajja ddi kuno? Wano village sir. wewawo? Qtn: For how long have you stayed Oku: Kuno ku kyalo kwe mbeera here? Ssebo. Ans: I have stayed for about fifteen Eki: Kuno amazeeko emyaka emeka? years. Oku: Mazeeko emyaka kumi n’ettaano Qtn: Where did you come from? (15). Ans: I was born here. Eki: Wavaawa? Qtn: How far is your cooperation wit Oku: ……Nazaalwa kuno. the people here? Eki: Kakati muzeeyi, enkolagana yo eri Ans: I cooperate with my people etya nabantu kuno? without any problem. Oku: Tukolagana bulungi n’abantu era Qns: Have you set up Community nga bw’otusanze. Based Organization? Eki: Mulina ebibiina bye mutonzeewo? Ans: We don’t have them. Oku: Tetubilina. Qtn: Why have they failed to be set Eki: Lwaki bigaanye? up? Oku: Tetunafuna bantu batubulilira Ans: We haven’t got any advice on era ne batulaga n’enkola. the way how to set up them. Eki: Muzeeyi, obwavu webuli ddala Qtn: Old man, is poverty really in wano mu kitundu? this area? Oku: Yee Ssebo. Ans: Yes, sir. Eki: Nga ki ekisinze okubuleeta? Qtn: What has really caused it? Oku: Ebirime byaffe tebifuna butale Ans: Our crops don’t get market, abaguzi babitwala ku sente entono. buyers take them at a very low price. Eki: Olina omukyala n’abaana? Qtn: Do you have a wife plus Oku: Mbalina Ssebo. children? Eki: Abaana bameka? 86 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: I have them. Oku: Abaana ba satu (3). Qtn: How many children? Eki: Muzeeyi, mpulira nti abantu Ans: Three children. bakuno mu beera nnyo ku mwenge. Qtn: Old man I hear that people Kituufu? of this area tend to converge at the Oku: ……Nedda Ssebo, sikituufu. Ffee drinking places, its is true? tuli bakozi, era tukola, naye tutera Ans: No Sir, it is not true we are netuwumulamu nga ku nkomerero ya hard-working and we tend to get a wiiki. weekend at the end of the week. Eki: Muzeeyi olowooza biki Qtn: What do you should be done ebyandikoleddwa okulaba nga see that poverty is eradicated in this bitubulula mu bwavu mu bwavu. area? (mulanga ki gw’okuba)? Ans: The idea I have is to first come Oku: Omulanga tugukubira mwe to us as you have done and see the abaze gyetuli (JICA). Mujje mulabe developments that so far we have byetukoze, era bwe mulaba byetukoze, undertaken and then lately on decide mulyoke mujje mutuyambe. to help us (JICA). Eki: Gwe weddira ki? Qtn: Which clan do you belong to? Oku: Neddira Musu. Ans: Musu clan.

3 Julius Ssebuliba (25 years old) 3 Julius Ssebuliba (25 years old) Qtn: For how long have been selling Eki: Ebyenyanja byo obivubidde banga fish? ki? Ans: For almost two years. Oku: Mbivubidde emyaka ebiri. Qtn: Is it profitable? Eki: Ebifuunyeemu? Ans: On the side of fish mongering Oku: Ebyenyanja, olw’empoza, the business is not yet profitable due nebitutawanya. Sinabifunamu. Singa to high taxes and related problems. wanabawo enkyuka kyuka mu misolo. Qtn: It seems you are not poor Eki: Gwe olabika toli mwavu kubanga Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 87

because you have that business. osubulako? Ans: Not as such, but I try. Oku: sinyo, Ngezaako. Qtn: Your clan old man? Eki: Weddira ki, muzzeyi? Ans: Kkobe clan. Oku: Neddira Kkobe. Qtn: Do you have a wife and Eki: Olina omukyala n’abaana? children? Oku: Mbalina. Ans: I have them. Eki: Bameka? Qtn: How many? Oku: Abaana ba biri n’omukyala omu. Ans: Two children and one wife. Eki: Mulina ebibiina bye Qtn: Have you set up some small mugunjizaawo? groups? Oku: Nedda. Ebibiina tusobola Ans: No……but we can organize okwegatta ne banange bwe tukola ku among us the fisher mongers and set byennyanja. up small groups. Eki: Wano osula mu kitundu ki? Qtn: Where do you live in this area? Oku: Nsula Kisoga. Ans: I live at Kisoga. Ebikkatiriza: Enneyisa ye era Notes: His ways speake tells it all n’enjogeraye. Yeyagala yagala nnyo, that he loves himself and talks alot. era nga mwogezi yogezi nnyo. Era But not ready to ans all our questions. nga simwetegefu bulungi kutuwa, Even the photo he gave us wasnt that era nakwanukula bibuuzo byaffe. clear. His a young person and full of Ekifananyi kyeyatuwadde tekyabadde pride. kirungi. Muvubuka mundabika era nga wamalala nnyo.

4 George William Kisuule 4 George William Kisuule (69 years old) (69 years old) Qtn: Old man, what job do you do? Eki: Muzeeyi, okola mulimu ki? Ans: I am a farmer and at the same Oku: Ndi mulimi Ssebo era time rearing animals. n’okulunda. 88 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: Old man, what problems have Eki: Muzeeyi, bizibu ki by’olaba you noticed that has mad us lag ebisinze okutuza emabega? behind? Oku: Akawuka akalidde emwannyi Ans: The disease that has destroyed ke kasinze okutuza emabega, ate nga our coffee and moreover is the crop kye kibadde e kirime mwetujja sente. where our income is based, has Batugamba okutuwa sente, tebatuwa. retarded our progress. They promised Eki: Baani abasubiza okuba to give us money but nothing we see. entandikwa (sente)? Qtn: Who promised you capital? Oku: Gavumenti ye yatugamba. Ans: Government promised us. Eki: Naye tukimanyi nti anantu Qtn: But we know that you are not bakuno temwesigika webaba babawoze trustworthy people of this area if you sente zentandikwa muyinza are given loans. Is it true? obutazizaayo, kitufu? Ans: If they give us capital (loans) it Oku: Sente, bwe baziwereza abakulu is shared by high authorities only, so be bazirya.. (abavu)era ffe us we don’t expect much (the poor). Tetusubira kufuna kingi Qtn: Old man what other problems Eki: Muzeeyi, ate obuzibu obulala? that is not enough? Sibwe bwo bwokka obwe mwannyi. Atn: I would like to rear cows, but Oku: Nandiyagadde okulunda. Nina I don’t have the medicine for tsetse akate kamu, naye sirina ddagala lya flies although I have one per now. kawawa. Naknwa. Qtn: How have you found the healthy Eki: Eby’obulamu mu kitundu biri - care do you have enough hospitals? bitya? Mulina amawaliro agamala? Ans: Hospitals are not enough and Oku: Amalwaliro tegamala. Era bwe if we get sick we just go to Kanoni tulwala tugenda Kanoni dispensary. dispensary. Eki: Mwandiyagadde okubazimbirayo Qtn: Do you want to build one for kamu? you? Oku: Yee……Kumutala Namuyovu Ans: Yes...... we have the land here tulina we tuyinza okuzimba eddwaliro. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 89

in Namuyovu where to set-up the Eki: musobode okutandikawo ku hospital. bibiina bya ba nakyewa mukitundu Qtn: Have you managed to establish kyamwe. Kakati nga gwe omuzeeyi, community based organisations and n’okunga abavubuka? have you taken your responsibility to Oku: Abavubuka webali abyinza organize the youth? oku kunga banabwe, naye ebibiina Atn: The youth are there but we tebiriiwo. don’t have those small groups. Eki: Ku by’okulima, gwe wandikubye Qtn: On the side of farming what call mulanga ki eri (JICA)? can you put forward to JICA? Oku: Nze omulanga gw’enkuba Atn: Me, my call is that, they should kutufunirayo eddagala erifuyira get us agricultural herbicides. omuddo. Qtn: Don’t you have a burden of Eki: Ggwe akakumbi tekakuyisa bubi? using the hand hoe? Oku: Kampisa bubi, naye singa Ans: It burdens me very much but banfunira eddagala erifuyira, kiba I request if they can (JICA) get me kirungi. agricultural herbicides so that I can Eki: Gwe kilakita togyagala? just spray the weeds. Oku: Bwe bajjireeta tujjaniriza, era Qtn: Don’t you need a tractor? bajjirette. Ans: If they bring it we can be very Eki: Olina abantu bo abesuddeko pleased. ebbali? Qtn: Do you have your relatives a Oku: ……eee, gyebali. side? Eki: Bali luddawa? Ans: ...... Yes, they are there. Oku: Bali Maddu, abalala Kampala. Qtn: Where are they? Eki: Olina abaana bameka? Ans: Maddu and others are in Oku: Nayiina anbaana munana naye Kampala. olumbe lwabatta nebagwawo. Qtn: How many children do you Eki: Kakati wakulira kuno? Ozaliddwa have? kuno? Bwe butaka bwo? 90 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: I was having eight children but Oku: Mu Gomba mwenzaalibwa. all of them died. Banzaala Kalyabayoga. Mayilo nga (3) Qtn: Now were you brought up here okuva wano. Gyenava n’enzijja wano. and is this your citizenship? Eki: Weddira ki, muzeeyi? Ans: It is Gomba where I was born Oku: Neddira Ngabi. in Kalyabayoga, it is three miles from Ebikkatiriza: Eneyisaaye era nenjogera here and that it is where I came ne ndabika. Eneyisa nungi. Musajja from. ayogera bulungi era nga alina Qtn: Old man you belong to which ebilowoozo ebizimba. Alabika mukozi. clan? Musajja mukulu mundabika ye. Era Ans: Ngabi clan. mutegeevu. Twamusanze agenda Notes: His behaviour, the way he Kanoni (TC). Ewuwe tetwatuuse. speaks and the way he looks. His behaviour is good, he talks well and his thinking capacity is developmental. He looks hardworking, and seems old according to his looks and informed and we found him heading to Kanoni(TC). We didn’t reach at his place.

5 Kayongo Thomas (19 years) 5 Kayongo Thomas (19 years old) Qtn: What do you do? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: I am a farmer. I dig coffee, Oku: Ndi mulimi. Nga nnima beans, maize among others. emwannyi, bijanjaalo, kasooli ne Qtn: It seems your not poor? birala? Ans: There is poverty, the reason is Eki: Ekitegeeza toli mwavu? the coffee has wilt totally. We have Oku: Obwavu we buli olwensonga enough land but we don’t have a nti emwanyi sikazze. Ziweddewo, ne tractor to expand on my work. ttaaka tulina, naye tetulina busobozzi, Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 91

Qtn: What else dont you have? nga tulakita okugaziya ku nkola yange Ans: Something else we don’t have ng’omuvubuka. projects for the youth that can Eki: ekyekirala kyemutayiina? mobiles us to work hard so that we Oku: N’ekirala tetulina ‘projects’ mu can come out of poverty. bavubuka. Ezandisobodde okutukunga, Qtn: Who should be blamed on the naddala okutumalako obwavu mu issue of laziness? mirimu egy’enjawulo. Ans: Village leaders (LCS) [should Eki: Obunafu obwo buli kwani? be blamed]. Oku: Abakulembezze nga ab’ebyalo Qtn: Do you have children your (LCS). catering for? Eki: Olina abaana bolabirira? Ans: I don’t have. Oku: Sirina. Qtn: Do you have your parents with Eki: Olina bazadde bo, gy’osula? you where you stay? Oku: Sirina. Bonna baafa. Ans: I don’t have, all of them are Abato, abana bokka benkuuma. dead. I am only looking after the Benasigazawo? four young ones that I remained with. Eki: Bazadde bo baali bavaawa? Qtn: Where are your parents from? Oku: Baava Nsambwe ne bajja kuno Ans: They came from Nsambwe and ku Kisoga. settle here in Kisoga. I do not have Eki: Kati nga mwe abavubuka muba people to cater for. mwagala nnyo okuyiga ne mutayaga Qtn: As you the youth you tend to ku kola mirimu okusobola okuva mu hunt animals and neglect to work so bwavu. Ddala kituufu? that you can whip poverty totally it is Oku: Sikikituufu nakatono, kubanga true? bbo abavubuka bamuuno bagala Ans: It is not true because the youth okukola kuba bagala okuba in this place want to work and want obulungi. to be well off al the time. Eki: Kati ku by’obulamu, gwe Qtn: What do you have to say on the obyogerako ki? 92 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

issue of health care? Oku: Eby’obulamu byo tuli bubi nnyo. Ans: On the side of healthy care we Ekisooka obulwaliro obutono tebulimu. are badly off, the first reason being Eki: Kakati gwe nga mu by’okusoma that no hospitals are here. olowooza enkola ya bonna bassome Qtn: According to you, do you erina kyeyambyeko? think UPE system has helped to Oku: Yo ‘UPE’ erina ddala kyekozze some extent when it comes to the naddala kubato banange benasigazza education? okulabirira. Ans: Truly it [UPE] has benefited me Ebikkatiriza: Addamu bulungi mostly to my brothers whom I have ebibuuzo bye nga omuvubuka. Era to cater for. talimu kwewulira kwonna. Era ne Notes: He responds well as a young mundabika ye, nnungi ddala. person. And is not proud and also looks good too.

6 Thereza Namazzi ( 30 years old) 6 Thereza Namazzi (30 years old) Qtn: What kind of job do you do? Eki: Okola mulimi ki? Ans: I am selling local beer (tonto). Oku: Ntunda mwenge Muganda. Qtn: I think you have gained much Eki: Naye ndowooza gwe omwenge from local beer and that means you ogufunyemu era toli mwavu nnyo nga are not poor as such? banno abalala? Ans: There is poverty because we Oku: Obwavu webuli olwensonga nti don’t have food to eat, we take ‘Musa’ tetulina mmere. Tulya musa, embuto and at the end we get stomach-ache. nezituluma. Qtn: Which other problem? Qtn: Buzibu ki obulala? Ans: Even the cassava got diseases, Oku: Ne muwogo naye yafuna all the coffee got pests. obulwadde. Ne mwannyi zonna Qtn: Do you have a husband and zifunnye obuwuka. how many children do you have? Eki: Olina omusajja n’abaana, era bali Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 93

Ans: I have the husband and six bamaka? children. Oku: Nina omusajja n’abaana Qtn: Do they study? How have you mukaga. Nina omusajja n’abaana found education system? mukaga, Ssebo. Ans: Not much. Eki: Bassoma? Era eby’okusoma byo Qtn: Where did you come and settle mubisanze mutya? here? Oku: Sibingi nnyo. Ans: I am a citizen of this village. Eki: Wavaawa okujja olyoke ofune Qtn: You belong to which clan? obutuze kuno? Ans: I am a princess clan. Oku: Ndi mwana nzalwa kuno era ndi Notes: She responds well to the mutuze kukyalo kuno. question howerver drunkards disturb Eki: Weddira ki? her yet she wants to answer. At Oku: Nze ndi mu mbejja. their home they sell alcohol. She has Ebikkatiriza: Addamu bulungi quite many children. The house isn’t ebibuuzo wadde nga abatamiivu in a bad condition, it’s an iron sheet bamutawannya. Naye arabika house. The home looks new and mutamivu. Kyokka ayagla there is a farm and coffee. okwanukula. Awaka batuundawo omwenge. Alina abaana bangi ko. Ennyuba telabika bubinnyo. Yabbaati. Ewaka walabika wapya. Waliwo olusuku ne mwanyi.

7 Sebuliba Richard (25 years old) 7 Sebuliba Richard (25 years old) Qtn: What type of work do you do? Eki: Omulimu gwo? Ans: Am a fisher monger. Oku: Nvuba byenyaja. Qtn: What problems have you found Eki: Ebyenyanja obisanzemu buzibu ki, in fishing according to the years you ebbanga ly’ozivugidde? have spent in it? Oku: Obuzibu bungi. Era obusooka 94 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: Problems are many, one reason buli nti, babiseera nnyo ku nyanja, is that fish are very expensive at the atee babiteekako obukwakulizo bungi landing site and another reason there nyo. is a lot of policies on the fish. Eki: Ate obuzibu obulala? Qtn: Which other problem? Oku: Muno mu muluka gwaffe tetulina Ans: Here in the whole parish we mu malwaliro nakatono. don’t have any health unit. Eki: Obulamu obusanze otya okutuuka Qtn: How have you found life up to ku myaka kati gyinno gyenkulabamu? this point were you are? Oku: Obulamu bwo sibusanze bubi Ans: Life generally I haven’t found it nakatono. very bad as such. Eki: Olinayo ab’oluganda ebbali? Qtn: Do you have any family member Oku: Mbalina era bali eyo Mawokoto. some where else? Nga bakojja, Jjajja nge, bonna Ans: I have them and they are at okutwaliza awamu, kwebali ddala. Mawokota like Uncles, grandmother. Eki: Olina omukazi n’abaana? Qtn: Do you have a wife plus Oku: Mulina, n’abaana babiri. children? Eki: Wajja otya kuno ku Kisoga? Ans: I have a wife and two children. Oku: Najja ntambuza bigere ne tuuka Qtn: How did you come to this place kuno. Nga nzize kola nga mulimi. Kisoga? Eki: Olinawo eby’obugagga nga ki? Ans: I came here footing and my Oku: Ninawo gaali yange kwe nvugira major work was to dig. ebyenyanja. Qtn: What property do you have as Eki: Abantu bamuno bbo olaba nti wealth? bakolaganika nabo singa wabeerawo Ans: I have only my bicycle on ekintu kyonna e kibeera kisobola which I use to sell my fish. okumala obwavu? Qtn: Do you think its easy to Oku: Bakolaganika nabo, era osobola cooperate with these people if at all okubakunga ne mutonda wo e kintu there has been a strategy laid out to okusobola okwegatta. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 95

eradicate poverty? Eki: Weddira ki? Ans: They are cooperative and Oku: Kkobe, Ssebo. you can mobilize them and set up Ebikkatiriza: Addamu bulungi anything that can fight poverty. ebibuuzo bye. Era mu ngeri Qtn: Which clan do you belon to? eyekiyigirezzeko wade twamusanga mu Ans: My clan is Kkobe clan. batamivu. Notes: Responds to the questions so well and in an educative manner eventhough found among the drunkards.

8 Bakkatulindi Lameka 8 Bakkabulindi Lameka (66 years old) (66 yearas old) Qtn: Old man, what problems have Eki: Muzeeyi, bizibu ki ebisinze you seen that has mostly caused okuleeta obwavu, gwe byolaba nga poverty according to someone like omutaka aludde kuno? you who has stayed longer inthis Oku: Enbintu bingi. Ekisookera area? ddala emwannyi nga e kirime kyaffe, Ans: Things are many, the major one bakyigula ku sente zawansi nnyo. is our coffee as our income they buy Eki: Govumenti ebayembye etya? it at a very low price. Oku: Gavumenti yali etuyambyeko mu Qtn: How has the Government bonna bassome, naye tetulina sente ku helped you? zimba masomero ne bikozesebwa. Ans: The government helped us on Eki: Ate eby’obulamu oby’ogereko ki, the UPE programme but wee are still Ssebo? lacking education facilities and school Oku: Tebibadde bibi nnyo, kubanga buildings. okuva wano okugenda e Kanoni, Qtn: What do you have to say on the ebbanga si ddene. issue of health care? Eki: Naye, kakati gwe ku by’okulima, 96 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: They [health units] are not so akasima kano, olowooza nti bad because from here to Kanoni the tekakozezza bubi nnyo? Nga gwe distance is not so much. akadiye olowooza tewandyetazeyo Qtn: According to you, do you think obuyambi okuva eri abagabi bo that poor farming tools do not work buyambi? well and you as an old perso, do Oku: Ensonga eyo ekola nga tumaze you think that we need help from okakasa obwegasi. Naye wano organizations that offer assistance? tebunaba kutunoga. Ans: That idea [sharing sophisticated Eki: Bunafu ki obulemeseza okusobola farming tools] can work if we can okuteekawo ebibiina ebyo? form unions but that idea is not yet Oku: Ebibiina ebyasooka ndowooza introduced here. bye byaleeta omutawaana, olwensonga Qtn: What challenges have limited nti tebyakola bulungi. you from coming up with such Eki: Kakati Muzeeyi, okola mulimu ki unions? ddala? Ans: The problem came from the Oku: Okusooka ndi mulimi. Naliko first small groups that never operated dereeva okumala emyaka kkumi ne well. ttaano. N’okulima emwannyi ne Qtn: Old man what type of work do Vanila, nunda n’obusanyi. you do? Eki: Mzee, obulamu bwo ozze Ans: At first I’m a farmer, I was once obusaanga otya okutuuka mu myaka a driver for almost fifteen years. I gyino gy’olimu? grow vanilla and coffee and at the Oku: Ndi mulwadde lwadde. sametime I have silk project. Eki: Kuno wajjako buzi? Era bwoba Qtn: Old man, how have you found wajjako buzi, wavaawa? life up to this age? Oku: Najjako buzii era nava Busujju. Ans: I am sickly. Era mazeeko emyaka nga ataano. Qtn: You just migrated to this area, Eki: Olina ob’oluganda bbo abalala and if you did so, where did you ebbali era bbo bali batya mu by’enfuna Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 97

come from? yabwe? Ans: I just migrated from Busujju and Oku: Mbalina bulungi naye enfunna have spent here fidty years. yabwe sinnungi. Qtn: Do you have other relatives Ebikkatiriza: Atuwadde bulungi some here else and how are they ebintu byonna. Ekifo, oba amaka interms of financies? ge, malungi. Abaana batono Ans: I have them but they are not tono. Alinawo awaka bu ‘projects’ good financially. bwatandisewo nga ‘silk project’. Notes: He has given as all the answers correctly, the place/home, few children. He has some few projects home and they started a silk project.

9 Kasozi Kirimuttu (45 years old) 9 Kasozi Kirimuttu (45 years old) Qtn: What work do you do? Eki: Okola mulimi ki? Ans: Farmer. Oku: Ndi mulimi. Qtn: What kind of crops do you Eki: Olima bintu nga ki? plant? Oku: Nnima ebintu nga emwannyi, Ans: [I grow] Coffee, beans, and ebijanjaalo ne birala. others. Eki: Ekitegeeza tolina bwavu Qtn: So you are not poor since you olw’ebintu ebyo by’olima? do farming? Oku: ndi mwavu olwensnga nti Ans: I am poor because my coffee emwannyi zange zifunye obuwuka, plantation has been attacked by ebijjanjaalo nabyo tebirina katale. pests, beans which I grow don’t have Eki: kyekilese obwavu? markets. Oku: Emisomo tetugyifuna okusobola Qtn: What has caused poverty? okubangulawamu mu byetukola. Ans: We don’t get sensitization Eki: Mulanga ki gwo kubira eri 98 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

seminars that can help us get more abagaba obuyambi? knowledge about our work. Oku: Batuwe ‘Capital’ nga temuli Qtn: What would you like to say to bukwakulizo bwamanyi tusobole angencies that offer assistance? okuddukanya emirimu gyaffe obulungi. Ans: [Government and agencies] Eki: Eby’obulamu wano mu Kisoga mu They should give us capital that has bisanze mutya? no any restriction so that we can run Oku: Eby’obulamu wano bibi, kubanga our work smoothly. okusooka tetulina mazzi malungi. Qtn: How have you found the health Edwande nga sirimu n’endala nyingi care of this area Kisoga? wano ewafe e Kisoga. Ans: The health care generally here Eki: endwade ki eziri mukitundu kino? at Kisoga we are badly off, at first we Oku: waliwo endwade nga Siriimu drink dirty water, a lot. nendala Qtn: What common diseases are in Eki: Olina omukazi n’abaana? this area? Oku: Nina omukyala n’abaana kkumi. Ans: Diseases are here like Aids Eki: Wavaa wa okusenga wano kati scourge and other diseases. wooli? Qtn: Do you have a wife and Oku: Nava Mukusu ewa taata wange. children? Eki: Taata wo waali era yaani erinnya Ans: I have a wife and ten children. lye? Qtn: Where did you come from to Oku: Waali era bayita ye Alozio get to this area? Ddobi. Ans: I came from Mukusu from my Eki: Abaana bano basanga buzibu ki fathers place. mu kusoma kwabwe? Qtn: Is your father alive? And what Oku: Omutindo gwabwe simulungi, is his name? olwensonga nti ffe abazadde Ans: He [My father] is alive an he is tetuwagidde nkola eno nga okuleetayo called Alozio Ddobi. obusente obutono nga obw’okunywa Qtn: What challenges are met by obugi, ne bintu nga e kkalamu, ne Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 99

these children during their time of bitabo ebiwandiikirwamu. study? Eki: Obukumbi bw’okozesa mu nnimiro Ans: Their level of education is obusanze mu buzibu ki mu nkola yo not good the reason being that we nga gwe omulimi? parents we have failed to bring sell Oku: Enkola yange tegaziye bulungi amount of money to eat porridge, and ate nga n’omukono guli gumu gwokka. other things like books and pencils Eki: Mzee mutonzewo obubiina for use at school. obwanakyewa okusobola okwegattira Qtn: What challenges do you find awamu mu mirimu gyammwe? while using hoes as a farmer? Oku: Nedda ensonga eri nti omulundi Ans: My work has not enlarged very ogwasooka twafirwamu obusente well because of that above mentioned bwaffe. Kale n’olwensonga tetusobola tool. ku ddamu. Kwe kolamu bubiina Qtn: Have you taken an initiative of bulala? forming angencies to help out in your Eki: Naye olowooza n’obutamanya work? nabwo te bwongendeko obwavu? Ans: No, [I don’t make effort to Oku: Kituufu obutamanya nabwo organise people]the reason is that bunji olwansonga nti tetufuna misomo. at first we made losses so now we Eki: Mzee, olinawo entegeka yonna cannot again try to set up more small okulaba nti wegya mu mbeera eno kati groups. nga mbwe nkulaba? Qtn: Do you think ignorance has also Oku: Ngirina, era ensiko yange increased poverty? ngirima bulungi. Era singa mbeera Ans: It [ignorance causes poverty] is nfunye ente enzungu, nsobola true that ignorance has also attributed okusimbako omuddo ne nsobola the cause because we never got okufuna amata. Era mu mata seminars to enlight us. ago ne nfuna obusente obusobola Qtn: Do you have any programme to okumbezaawo. see that you can come out from this Eki: Kuno kuliko abalina ettaka 100 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

situation as I see you now? eriwerako era basobola okulyazika Ans: I have the programme because banabwe basobole okulikolerako? Kino I have a huge piece of land where osanga kiyinza okumalawo n’obwavu. I can look after my cow if I get it. Oku: Kwebali abalirina, naye And I can get milk from that cow abavubuka tebagala kukola. and sell it to get money so that I can Eki: Bbo abavubuka si babbi? have the revolving fund. Oku: Nedda si babbi, naye tebagala Qtn: On this village is there people bwagazi kukola. who can rent their land to other Ebikkatiriza: ENNEYISAAYE ERA people to operate on it, many be this NENJOGERA NE NDABIKA: idea can which poverty totally in the Okutulwaliriza awamu, awaka we place? walungi wasirifu, emwanyi alina. Ans: The people are there but the Abaana be balabika balamu bulungi. youth don’t want to work. Qtn: Are the youth not thieves? Ans: No, but hey don’t want to work. Notes: THE BEHAVIOUR, SPEECH AND LOOKS. In general the home were they are is good and so quiet, has coffee. All the children look good.

10 Patrick Serubiri (45 years old) 10 Patrick Serubiri (45 years old) Qtn: What kind of work do you do? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: I am a farmer, tailor and at the Oku: Ndi mulimi, ntunga ekyalani same time the Councilor of this area ate nga nkola nga ‘councillor’ wo mu (Kisoga parish). kitundu kino. Qtn: You as the councilor, could you Oku: ‘Councillor’, kati oyinza okutuwa give us some of the challenges you obuzibu bw’osanga mu Kisoga mu meet while leading the people of bantu bokulembera? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 101

Kisoga? Oku: Obuzibu obusookera ddala, Ans: First of all, the education is very ebyenjigiriza biri wansi, ate n’abantu low and even the people this way are baavu nnyo. very poor. Eki: biki ebirala? Qtn: What else? Oku: ‘Abantu balina abaana Ans: People have large families and bangi ate besanga nga tebasobola at the end find a problem to look n’akubalabirira’. after them. Eki: Naye eby’enjigiriza biri bitya mu Qtn: How is the education systems in kitundu kyo? this area? Oku: Eby’engiriza bibi olw’ensonga Ans: Education is very bad the nti abazadde tebatukiriza bulungi reason being that parents have failed bintu byabwe, nga okukuba buloka. to fulfill their promises to their pupils. ‘Ne govumenti nayo tenaba kutukiriza ‘Even the government itself hasn’t bintu byayo bye yasuubiza nga okola fulfilled its promises like building amasomero amalungi. N’abasomesa good structures, even teachers in nabo tulina batono. Wadde nga the area are not enough to the omuntindo gwabe mulungi, naye number of pupils in schools. But tebasobola kumalawo muwendo gwa enough teachers in that we have are baana abangi abasoma.’ qualified.’ Eki: Kakati eby’obulamu byo biri bitya? Qtn: How is the health unit? Oku: Nabyo sibirungi olwensonga nti Ans: [Health unit is] Not so good as abantu banywa amazzi mabi nnyo. such because people here drink very N’amalwaliro agali e Kanoni nago dirty water. Even the health unit at tegakola bulungi. Kanoni which we are using is not on Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okuba? the good standard. Oku: Omulanga gw’enkuba guli Qtn: How would you like to be nti e kibiina kino kituyambe helped? naddala amalwaliro, amasomero, Ans: My opinion is that this Agency n’okutuzimbira amakubo. 102 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

should help us to construct for us, Eki: Kakati abantu baffe baze hospitals, schools, and roads. bemulugunya abalimisa, n’abasaawo Qtn: People are complaining that be bisolo nti, tebabatuukako kubawa Agricultural officers and Animal ku magezi. Gwe ogamba otya ku Husbandry Officers they don’t reach nsonga eno? at them and give advice, what do you Oku: Kituufu ddala nti, abalimisa have to comment on this? n’abasaawo be bisolo bagayavu, nti, Ans: It is true Agricultural officers tebatukirira bantu. and Animal Husbandry officers are Eki: Waaliwo enkolagana ennungi lazy because to reach at peoples’ n’abantu? paces. Oku: Nnungi ddala, kubanga, era Qtn: Is there positive cooperation erabika bulungi, kuba bebanonda. among the people? Eki: Olina omukyala n’abaana? Ans: There is cooperation because Oku: Nina era nina n’abaana they are the ones who voted me. munaana. Qtn: Do you have a wife plus Eki: Oli mutuuze wa ku Kisoga? children? Oku: Ndi wa ku Kisoga kuno, era Ans: I have a wife and eight children. omukadde omukyala, ye waali. Naye Qtn: Are you a citizen of Kisoga? omusajja yafa (Feresian Lugamba). Ans: I am a citizen of Kisoga and Eki: Oli mutaaka, oba mwava wala my mother is still alive but the father okujja kuno? died. Oku: Twaava Kiriri ku butaka bwaffe Qtn: Are you a citizen or you came mu Gombolola ye Mpenja mu mwaka from far to come here? gwa lukumi mukyenda mumusanvu. Ans: We came from Kiriri where Ebikkatiriza: ‘Councillor’ abadde there is our citizenship (Obutaka) in mumalirivu mukuwa ensonga ze, Mpenja sub-county in 1970. era asobola okulembera abantu be Notes: ‘Councilor’ he was confident olwendabika ye. Atuwadde ebintu while giving his views and we believe ebyetaagisa mukunonyereza kwaffe Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 103

his able to lead his people very well bulungi. according to his looks to.

11 Eliddadi Mpangi (40 years old) 11 Eliddadi Mpangi (40 years old) Qtn: What work do you do? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: I am a Farmer. Oku: Ndi mulimi. Qtn: Which problem have you really Eki: Buzibu ki bw’olaba ddala mu seen in Koome? Koome? Ans: The problems [in Koome] Oku: Obuzibu buli nti tulima ebirime are the crops that we grow fail to byaffe ne bibulako entunzi. Abaguzi get market, and then buyers start ne batandika okutufotola. exploiting us. Eki: Kiki ddala ebiyinza okumalawo Qtn: What can really solve the obuzibu obw’okufuna obutale? problem of failure to get market? Oku: Singa tulima ebirime byaffe Ans: If they (buyers) give us enough ne tusobola okufuna sente ezigasa, money from our crops may be we can osanga obwavu buyinza okugwerawo come out of that burden. Perhaps ddala. Oba ne tufuna a masitowa they can get us (the government) agatugulako ebirime byaffe byetulima stores where we can keep our crops. mu bungi. Qtn: Do you have a wife plus Eki: Olina abaana n’omukalya? children? Oku: Nina abaana kkumi n’omukyala. Ans: I have ten children and a wife. Eki: Weddira ki? Qtn: Which clan do you belong to? Oku: Nsenene. Ans: Nsenene clan. Ebikkatiriza: ENEYISAAYE NE Notes: BEHAVIOUR AND LOOKS. NDABIKA: Teyabadde mwetegefu He wasn’t ready interms of response bulungi nga addumu ebibuuzo, naye to questions but wanted to answer. yabadde ayagala. 104 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

12 Namungo Steven (45 years old) 12 Namungo Steven (45 years old) Qtn: What kind of work do you do? Eki: Okola Omulimu ki? Ans: I am a Farmer. Oku: Ndi mulimi. Qtn: How do you find poverty in this Eki: Obwavu obulaba otya mu kitundu area? kino? Ans: It [Poverty] is there because Oku: Mwebuli olwensonga nti, ebintu the crops that we grow don’t have bye tukozesa mu kulima kwaffe tebiriko support and this comes from the buwagizi. Nga kiva ku nsaawo yaffe buyer who exploits us. kubeera nga nfunda. Qtn: That means you need Eki: Kwegamba nti mwandyataaze yo entandikwa to expand on your entandikwa? programme? Oku: Twandyetaaze entandikwa, naye Ans: We wanted loans but we don’t tetugirina. have themeans. Eki: Ensonga eva ku ki obutabeera Qtn: Where does the problem come n’antandikwa? from? Oku: Abakulu abatukikirira Ans: Our leaders don’t care about us. tebatufako. Qtn: Is there no laziness in the area Eki: Temuli bugayavu? Osanga nakyo may be it can be the root-cause of kireese mu obwavu. poverty? Oku: Obugayavu bwo tebulimu Ans: There is no laziness at all. nakatono. Qtn: But I hear that men of this Eki: Naye mpulira nti abasajja bamuno place you have and don’t want to mulina nnyo entondo, era temwagala cooperate together, is it true? ku kolera mulimu gy’awamu. Ans: They are not there but we lack Oku: Entondo zo tezibadde wo era someone who can encourage us in n’okola tukolera wamu, naye tubulamu our work. ayinza okuteekamu amanyi mu Qtn: What opinion do you have that byetukola. can solve poverty? Eki: Kirowoozo ki gwe kyolina Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 105

Ans: My opinion is that they can get ekinasobola okumalawo obwavu? us tractors for farming. Oku: Ekirowoozo nze kyenina kiri nti, Qtn: Your clan? batufunireyo tulakita ez’okulimisa. Ans: Ngeye clan. Eki: Omuziro gwo? Notes: His behaviour and looks. He Oku: Ngeye. responds well to the questions, he Ebikkatiriza: Endabika ye ne neyiisaye: wants the project but wasn’t ready Addamu bulungi ebibuuzo, ne ‘project’ because we found him in a shop. ajjagala naye, teyabadde mwetegefu, olw’ensonga nti twamusanga mu duuka.

13 Joyce Nabatanzi (34 years old) 13 Joyce Nabatanzi (34 years old) Qtn: Your job? Eki: Omulimu gwo? Qtn: Am a Shopkeeper. Oku: Ntunda dduuka. Qtn: What challenges do you find Eki: Buzibu ki bw’osanga mukudukanya while running a shop? edduuka lyo lino? Ans: I do not have enough capital to Oku: Sirina nsimbi zimala bulungi purchase enough commodities. okusobola okukayimirizawo okusingako Qtn: Do you have a wife plus wano. children? Eki: Olina omusajja n’abaana? Ans: I am married with five children. Oku: Nina omusajja n’abaana Qtn: There is no poverty in this area? battaano. Ans: It [famine] is there and to prove Eki: Enjala yo terimu muno? this is that every maize that we grow, Oku: Mweri, era okulaba nti mweri, we just consume it all with out selling kasooli gwe tulima, tulya mulye yenna. some. Nga ate ne musa naye tumukozesa Qtn: Do you see that men of this ng’emmere. area want to work? Eki: Naye gwe olaba nti abasajja Ans: They want to work but the way bamuno bagala okukola? 106 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

of cooperating is not good at all. Oku: Bagala okukola, naye okwegatta Qtn: Do you have women led kwabwe sikulungi. organizations that have been created Eki: Mulinawo ebibiina ebya bakyala in this area? bye mutonzewo? Ans: We have one[community Oku: Tulina wo ekibiina bakiyita based organization] and it is called ‘Tusitukire Wamu Women’s’. Tusitukire wamu women’s group. It Kyaleetebwa Nabakyala waffe was brought by our councilor, chair councillor ku LC II Kyegonza. person LCII Kyegonza sub- county. Eki: Ddala nga ekigendererwa kyakyo, Qtn: What is the aim of the ki? organizations? Oku: Tulunda embizzi, ttuluka ebintu Ans: We rear pigs, handcraft, that nga emikeeka. Ekibiina ekirala kiri it is like baskets. We have another Kasaka, eky’abamulekwa. organization catering for the orphans Eki: Omuziro gwo? at Kasaka. Oku: Lugave. Qtn: Whats your clan? Ebikkatiriza: ENEYISAAYE NE Ans: [My clan is]Lugave clan. NDABIKA YE: Mukyala addamu Notes: The behaviour and looks. ebibuuzo na magezi, nga ayagala She responds with a great sense of n’omulimu gwakola. Teyewulira, humourand she loves her work. She wadde ali mu kadduuka ke. is not proud however much shiz in her shop.

Book 6 Book 6 Luganda 1 John Lamekye Esederasi 1 John Lamekye Esederasi (52 years old) (52 years old) Qtn: Now you as an old man what Eki: Kakati gwe Mzeyi, olaba ddala causes poverty in your area? bintu ki ebireese obwavu, naddala mu Ans: The problems which have kitundu kyaffe? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 107

caused poverty in our area are Oku: Ebizibu ebitukubye obwavu, the coffee with disease and ekisooka; obulwadde bwe mmwanyi. famine...... that’s all. Ekirala, njala. Qtn: What else? Eki: Ate ekirala? Ans: I think that’s all sir. Oku: ……Ndowooza byebyo Ssebo.

2 Biddawalime Esawo (23 years old) 2 Biddawalime Esawo (23 years old) Qtn: What conditions have caused a Eki: Bintu ki ebireese embeera yamwe deterioration in your quality of daily okudirira eya bulijjo? Era byonna nga life? Please mention all of them as gwe bw’obimanyi. you know them. Oku: Okusooka byonna, abantu Ans: First of all our people are still bakyali wansi nnyo mu byenjigiirza. having low Education. Another one Eky’okubiri, abantu baffe balya bubi. our people feed poorly. Another one Ekirala, endwadde nyingi mu bantu. people are suffering from sickness Ebintu naddala nga ebirime bye bakola (diseases). And lastly their products tebirina butale. are lacking market. Eki: Amakubo gamwe mugasanze Qtn: How are your roads? mutya? Ans: Our roads are in bad condition. Oku: Amakubo mabi nnyo ddala. Qtn: Have you got the advice Eki: Mufunye amagezi okuva mu from the Agriculturists (extension balimisa? workers)? Oku: Abalimi tebasobodde kufuna Ans: The farmers have not got advice magezi kuva mw ‘abo abakuguka mu from them (experts). byo. Qtn: In some areas they have been Eki: Ebintu ebimu tubadde tubiyitamu complaining on the soil exhaustion nga batugamba nti ettaka likaddiye. how about this way? Ddala kituufu? Ans: It’s true our soils have Oku: Ddala ettaka, kituufu, exhausted, but our people have tried likadiye. Naye ng’abantu bo babadde 108 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

to put in some local manure like cow bagezezaako okulaba nti bateekamu dung which does not need money. ebigyimusa. Ebitonotono ebitetagisa Qtn: What call can you give the JIC kugula nga, obusa, n’obukuta company? bwemmwanyi. Ans: To come up and they help the Eki: Kati gwe mulanga ki gw’okubira poor peasants from grassroot instead aba JICA? of giving help to the higher authority Oku: Bajje bayambe abantu kinomu. who can embezzle the poor. Another Okusinga okuziwa bali abantu one, our government is too poor abawaggulu ne bazirya. therefore JICA should come up to N’ekirala, gavumenti yaffe njavu. construct roads for us. N’olwensonga eno, aba JICA bandituyambeko okutukolera enguudo

3 Christopher Bamweyana 3 Christopher Bamweyana (30 years old) (30 years old) Qtn: Now Sir, can you supplement on Eki: Kakati ssebo, oyinza okwongereza what your fellow member talked of? kwe byo waggulu munno byampadde? Ans: I can add on that we are lacking Oku: Nyongerezaako kwebyo Hospitals (Health Units) near-by. byampadde. Amalwaliro gatuli wala Therefore I would like to ask JICA to nnyo. Mu mbeera y’abaana, mbadde extend health units on parish level. nsaba ekibiina ekyo, ekya JICA Another thing even schools are very kitusemberezeeko amalwaliro. far in this are we do not have any. Ate ekirala na masomero gatuli wala nnyo. Nga mu kitundu munno temuli masomero.

4 Charles Mutangizi (40 years old) 4 Charles Mutangizi (40 years old) Qtn: Now give us some problems, Eki: Kakati tuwe ku bizibu ebitufudde which has made us to look as we okuba nga bwetufaanana? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 109

are? Oku: Obuzibu obusingira ddala buva Ans: Most of the problems are due ku bwavu. Kubanga abantu baawano to poverty since our people earn bayimiridde ku bya bulimi, naye nga from crops but our crops do lack ate ebirimibwa tebirina katale. Ate market. Another one we do not have ne kirala tetulina ntambula yakutwala transport to transport our produce to bilime byaffe mu butale busobole market. We would have go advice okugulibwa. from the Agriculturist about the Twandyetaaze amagezi okuva muba modern farming techniques since we balimisa okusobola okufuna obukugu have small lands. Another one we ku byenima ey’omulembe. Wadde nga lack schools. tulina ebitundu bifunda. Tetulina Qtn: How do the parents participate masomero. in education of children? Eki: Bbo, abazadde abakadde, Ans: Parents want and they have bajjumbidde batya mu by’okusomesa participated. abaana? Qtn: Is that all? Oku: Abazadde bagala, era Ans: It seems so. bajjumbize. Eki: Ndowooza byebyo byokka? Oku: Ndowooza byebyo bo Ssebo.

5 Wamala Mikayiri (58 years old) 5 Wamala Mikayiri (58 years old) Qtn: Give us the problem you Eki: Tuwe ebizibu bye musanga mu encounter in your day to day’s life. mbeera zammwe eza bulijjo. Ans: Our Coffee where we have Oku: Emmwanyi zaffe mwe tufuna been getting money has been affected obusente, zifunye obuwuka, nga ate by pests and diseases. Even in this mwe tujja akasente akatuyambako mu area we are badly off with schools, mbeera yaffe eya bulijjo. Ate mpozzi, they are very far from here. Another ne kirala, mu kitundu kino, tuli bubi problem we didn’t have hospitals in nnyo ku bya masomera. Gali wala 110 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

our area. nnyo okuva wano. N’ekirala, tetulina Qtn: What call can you put forward malwaliro nakamu mu kitundu kyaffe to this organization (JICA)? kino. Ans:The organization should help us Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira eri with Ambulance that can transport ekitongole kino (JICA)? the patients to healthy - units quickly. Oku: Ekitongole ekya JICA kituyambe Qtn: What’s the situation when it okutufunira ‘Ambulance” okusobola comes to land you as an elder who okutwala abalwadde amangu mu has spent along time in this area? malwaliro agatuliranye. Ans: The soils have exhausted, what Eki: Ku bye ttaka olisanze otya nga we grow they do not come well or gwe omusajja omukulu aludde kuno? the yields are very low and we do Oku: Ettaka likaddiye, bye tulima not practice modernized farming. We tebikyabala bulungi nga edda. Era do not have machines like tractors. tetulina nnima ya mulembe. Tetulina Qtn: Now what call can you put “tractor”. forward to this organization on that Eki: Kati gwe mulanga ki gw’oyagala problem of machines? okubira ab’ekitongole ekya JICA? Ans: I request them to give us Oku: Nsaba batuyambe ku bintu nga machines like tractors so that we tulakita. Tusobole okugikozesa ku can be able to use them at very low miwendo emisaamusaamu. prices. Eki: Mukozesaza mutya ennima Qtn: How do you use the modernized ey’omulembe era n’okulunda? way of farming and animal rearing? Oku: Tusaba batufunire ente eza mata Ans: We request them to get us cows okulunda obulungi. that can produce much milk.

6 Ekoyadda Tamuzadde 6 Ekoyadda Tamuzadde (70 years old) (70 years old) Qtn: Now we want you to give us Eki: Kati mukulu tusaba otuwe ebizibu Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 111

problems that have retarded the ebisinze okuzza ekitundu kyaffe kino progress of Kyegonza in ekye Kyegonza, okutwalira awamu. general. Oku: Byanfuna. Emmwanyi zaffe Ans: Economy, our coffee lines zifunye obulwadde. Ne gavumenti been affected by diseases, and the nayo tetufaako. Ne mmmere yaffe government itself does not help us. gyetulima, telina gyeraga (Butale). And our food crops that we grow do Eki: Ebye ttaka, olisanze otya? not have the market. Oku: Tetuyina bigimusa kutaka lyafe. Qtn: How do you find the soils? Eki: Ate byo eby’obulamu? Ans: We do not have fertilizers to Oku: Eby’obulamu bibi nnyo. Ate add in our soils. era, tetulina ddwaliro lituyamba. Qtn: What about on healthy care? Eki: Ate eby’okusoma? Ans: On healthy care we use badly Oku: Tulina busomerosomero off and the we do not have health - obutatuyaba. N’enzizzi nazo tetulina. units. Qtn: What about the Education? Ans: We have infant schools that does not cater for our future progress. We do not have protected wells.

7 Kamya Lawrence (32 years old), 7 Kamya Lawrence (32 years old), Chairman. Chairman. Qtn: We want you to tell us the Eki: Twagala otubulire obuzibu problems you face in your area with bw’osanga mu kitundu kino, n’abantu the people you lead. bo b’otwala. Ans: The first problem, our coffee Oku: Ekizibu ekisooka kiri nti has been affected by pests and emmwanyi zirumbiddwa obuwuka moreover it is the crop that we earn nga ate kye kirime ekireeta sente. a lot of money. Other crops like Ebirime ebirala nga ebinyebwa, 112 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

groundnuts, maize, beans they do kasooli, ebijanjaalo tebirina butale. not have markets. So when people Kale abantu bwe babilima, bifiira mu harvest them they just store them mayumba gaabwe. N’ekirala. Amazzi in their homesteads. And another getulina mabi. Gabiddiba ate nga gali reason the water that we have is bad wala nnyo. Amalwaliro nago tetulina and yet the spring wells are very ar ate nga n’obujanjabi nabwo, butono from here. ddala. Qtn: What about the Education? Eki: Ate ku by’okusoma? Ans: Schools are very far from here Oku: Eby’okusoma, essomero liri wala and there are in Kabulasoke sub- mu Ggombolola ye Kabulasoke. county. Eki: Ate obulwadde bwa muwogo ne Qtn: What about the diseases of kasooli? Tebubadde buzibu? cassava and maize? Oku: Kasooli tubadde tufuna okuva Ans: We have been getting good e Kawanda ate ye muwogo afunye breeds from Kawanda research and obulwadde. the cassava has got the Eki: Ettaka lyo, mulisanze mutya? disease. Oku: Ettaka nalyo likaddiye. Qtn: How have you find the soils? Bw’otaliisa, bw’otafuyira, tolina Ans: Even the soils have been ky’ofunamu. exhausted, if you do not add Eki: Mulanga ki gw’obadde okubira fertilizers in it you do not get good JICA? crops. Oku: Nze kyensaba, kusomesa bantu Qtn: What call do you put forward to tusigale nga tufuna ku ttaaka eryo. JICA? Ans: To educate people on how to maintain the soils.

8 Joseph Ssenyondwa 8 Joseph Ssennyondwa (48 years old) (48 years old) Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 113

Qtn: What problems do you face in Eki: Bizibu ki gwe by’olaba ebikulu mu your today’s life? mbeera zo ezabulijja? Ans: I do not have strength to work. Oku: Sirina manyi gakola mirimu. Qtn: So you have children and do Omukazi naye yanfako. they learn? Eki: Olinawo abaana, era basoma? Ans: They learn and I have three Oku: Basoma era nina abaana basatu. children. Eki: Eby’obulamu obisanze otya? Qtn: How do you find the healthy - Oku: Nfuna abantu ne bannyamba care? okubeerawo. Ans: I get people to look after my Eki: Naye Mzee, ennaku yo weathering. ogyitegeera? Tonywedde mwenge? Qtn: But “MSS” do you understand Oku: Sinywa mwenge era n’okola your misfortune don’t you drink? njagala. Ans: I don’t drink and I want to Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira work. abekitongole kya JICA? Qtn: What call can you put forward Oku: Kunyamba baana bange kusoma. to JICA people? Ans: To help my children to learn.

9 Mary Nampologoma 9 Mary Nampologoma (21 years old) (21 years old) Qtn: How do you find education in Eki: Eby’okusoma obisanze otya mu your area here? kitundu kyamwe kino? Ans: Schools are not bad because Oku: Amasomero tegabadde mabi, children have been learning on free. kubanga abaana babadde babawerera Qtn: How do you find the healthy- kubweerere. care ? Eki: Eby’obulamu obisanze otya? Ans: Healthy units are few and Oku: Amalwaliro matono ate the healthy care is not enough for n’obujanjabi nabwo sibwamanyi 114 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

example like that one at okugeza nga erye’Kanoni. Kanoni. Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira ekitongole Qtn: What call do you put forward to kino ku by’obulamu? this organization on health care? Oku: Kutw’ongeramu manyi mu An: To equip facilities in our health ddwaliro lyaffe erye’Kanoni. unit of Kanoni. Eki: Ate ebye’nguudo. Ziri zitya? Qtn: What about the roads are safe? Oku: Amakubo mabi nnyo era oluusi Ans: Roads are bad and sometimes aba LC be bagezaako okunga abantu the local council try to mobilize okulima enguudo zaffe. people to clean them. Eki: Eby’okulima obisanze otya? Qtn: How do you find farming, have Ebirime byo ofunye wo bitunda? got the markets to sell the crops? Oku: Ebirime byo babigula ku sente Ans: They buy our crops but at a ntono dala. give way price. Eki: Ebye ttaka byo, mubisanze mutya? Qtn: How do you find the soils here? Oku: Ettaka dyo kulu nnyo olwennima Ans: Soils are old enough, because of embi enyo, kubanga oluusi, wojja ate our poor farming, where you planted wozza. Ate ne taka nalyo tono nnyo. last time it is where again you plant. Eki: Okubira mulanga ki ku taka Qtn: What call can you make on this erikaddiye? exhausted soils? Oku: ……Kati gwe, mulanga gwempa? Ans: ...... To give us fertilizers to add Batuweeyo ku bigyimusa. Emmwanyi in more nutrients, our coffee do wilt zaffe ziffa obuwuka ne muwogo naye and cassava has been affected by agengewala nnyo. Mosaic. Eki: Olowooza temwandyetaazeeyo nga Qtn: Don’t you think that you may tulakita okusobola okugaziya ku nkola have wanted machines like tractors yamwe? so that you can enlarge on your Oku: Wewaawo tujjaagala okugaziya programme? ku nkola yaffe. Ans: If it is there we want it so that Eki: Naye tuwulira nti abantu bo Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 115

we can increase on our work. mukitundu kino temulina mazima. Qtn: But we hear that people in their Singa babeera babawadde entandikwa, area you are not trustworthy if they okusobola okkola emirimu gyammwe give you “endandikwa” you may fail muyinza obutazaayo ssente ezo? to return it back, is it true? Oku: Tugalina amazima era singa Ans: We are trustworthy and if they babeera batuwa entandikwa tusobola give us “Entandiwa” we can do our okkola emirimu gyaffe ate ne tuzaayo work and after enlarging on our work essente ezo ezatuwolebwa. we can return back the money that was borrowed to us.

10 Nanseera Yonnasani 10 Nanseera Yonnasani (78 years old) (78 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Omulimu gwo? Ans: I don’t have any work per now. Oku: Sikyalina kyenkola kati. Naye But a Supervisor for the past days. nga nakolako mu “department” e Qtn: How far with your Education? Kawanda nga nampala. Ans: I stopped in Primary four (P.4). Eki: Oyimiride otya kubyengigiriza? Qtn: What problem do you find in Oku: Obuyigirize bwange butono, this area? kubanga nakoma mu kyakuna. Ans: Problem of accommodation, Eki: Bizibu ki, Mzee, bw’olaba mu famine and roads. kitundu kino? Qtn: Where are your relatives if they Oku: Ebizibu bya; mayumba, enjala are not here? n’engudo. Ans: Me...... I was born here. Eki: Kakati, abantu bo bali luddawa Qns: Are your relatives here also? bwebaba nga tebali kuno? Ans: All are here with my father. Oku: Nze……Nazaalirwa kuno. Qtn: Is your father still alive? Eki: Abenganda zo nabo, bali kuno? Ans: Died long ago! Oku: Bonna, ne Kitange, bali Kuno. 116 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: Now old man what problem Eki: Kitaawo akyali mulamu? have you been facing since your Oku: Yaffa dda. childhood? Eki: Kakati Mzeyi, buzibu ki bw’ozze Ans: The problems are many...... I fell oyitamu okuva mu buvubuka bwo? sick always. Oku: Obuzibu bungi nnyo……Ndwala Qtn: Have you got any medicine? nnyo. Ans: I have never got any medicine. Eki: Ofunye ku ddagala? Qtn: Do you have a family? Oku: Safuna bulungi ddagala. Ans: I don’t have a child and a Eki: Amaka go, gali gatya? woman. Oku: Sirina mwana na mukyala. Qtn: Have you ever married? Eki: To wasangako? Ans: I married but every child she Oku: Nawasa, naye omukazi, buli produced she gave away to another mwana gwe yazaalanga, nga amugaba person. ku basajja abalala. Qtn: How did you manage to get this Eki: Ekibanja kati ky’olimu, wakifuna land? otya? Ans: I never bought it but I am the Oku: Sagula kigule, nze nannyini owner of this land. My father got ttaka. Kitange yafuna ettaka lino mu this land in the agreement of 1900. ndagaano ey’olwenda (1900). Qtn: What was your father’s name? Eki: Kitaawo yali ani erinnya lye? Ans: Sseezi Lukulwase. Oku: Sseezi Lukulwase. Qtn: How did your father get this Eki: Kitaawo yafuna atya ettaka lino? land? Oku: Yalifuna ku gavumenti ya Ans: He got it from the government Uganda, nga akasiimo, nga avudde of Uganda as a pension after coming mu kutabaala mu ssematalo eyasooka. back from the First World War. Eki: Kati tolina baganda bo balala? Qtn: Now you don’t have your Oku: Baganda bange bangi era buli relatives? omu eyafunanga ebintu bye nagenda. Ans: My relatives are many but every Eki: Kuno tolinako waluganda mulala? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 117

person who got his or her share Oku: Nedda. Bonna baafa. decided to go away. Eki: Kati Muzeyi, tolina baluganda Qtn: Here you mean you don’t have abesuddeko ewala? any relative? Oku: Nedda, okugyako abaana abali Ans: No...... they all died. mu Kirumba aba muganda wange. Qtn: Don’t you have relatives far Eki: Kati Mzee, weddira ki? away? Oku: Neddira mutima. Ans: No, unless my brothers’ children Eki: Naye Nanseera, obwavu businze at Kirumba. kuvira ddala ku ki? Qtn: What is your clan? Oku: Ffe tweretedde obwavu. Anti Ans: Heart clan. tugayalirira okkola. Qtn: But Nanseera, what really has Eki: Kati ku Kitwe, batugamba nti led poverty? abavubuka banywa nnyo omwenge. Ans: We ourselves we are the root- Ggwe ogambawo ki ku nsonga eno? cause, since we don’t want to work. Oku: Abafuzi balinga abali mutulo. Qtn: here at Kitwe youths drink a lot, Tebabafaako kubakubiriza kukola, what is your comment to this issue? era nabafuzi nabo tebandibakirizanga Ans: Local chiefs are very lazy kuggulanga mubantu ku makya. because they don’t mobilize and direct the youths to work. And yet they don’t put policies to the local- brew sellers not to open their bars in morning hours.

11 Kyamwaka Petero 11 Kyamwaka Petero (...... years old) (...... years old) Qtn: Can you give us some problem Eki: Oyinza okutuwa ebimu kubizibu that you face in your area? bye musanga mukitundu kino? Ans: ...... The problem is poverty, Oku: Obuzibu bwa, bwavu atee 118 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

even people don’t want to dig, work nabantu tebagala kulima atee bayina and the ekyeya. same have famine. Eki: Emyaka olina emeka? Qtn: How old are you? Oku: Emyaka……Sikyagimanyi. Ans: I don’t know my age. Eki: Oyina omukyala? Qtn: Do you have a wife? Oku: Nina, na baana babiri Ans: I have with two children. Eki: Ozaalwa kuno? Qtn: Were you born here? Oku: Yee, nzaalwa kuno. Ans: Yes, here. Eki: Abazadde bo bebani? Qtn: Who are your parents? Oku: Patero Zimwanguyiza Ans: Petero Zimwanguyiza. Eki: Wedira ki? Qtn: What is your Clan? Oku: Nedira Mutima Ans: Heart clan. Eki: Bazadde bo bazalwa kuno? Qtn: Are your parents born here? Oku: Neda, bazaalwa Bunyoro. Ans; No, they are born in Bunyoro. Eki: Bakyali balaamu? Qtn: Are they still alive? Oku: Taata wange yafaa. Ans: Father died. Eki: Maama wo akyali mulamu? Qtn: Is your mother still alive? Oku: Maama wange akyali mulamu. Ans: Yes my mother still alive but Eki: Oyina abennganda zo? too old. Oku: Webali nabasuka mu kumi. Qtn: Do you have your relatives? Eki: Bagaga okusinga? Ans; here, there more than ten. Oku: Abamu bagaga, abamu bavu nga Qtn: Are they well off than you? womanyi embera mu uganda. Ans: Some are well off some are not Qtn: Ebyenfuna yo biribitya? as you know the situation of Uganda. Eki: Ebyenfuna byange sibibi nyo naye Qtn: How is your financial status? netaga obuyambi okuva eri aba JICA. Ans: It’s not bad as such but I need Eki: Mulanga ki gwokubira abagaba your support from you (JICA). obuyambi nga JICA? Qtn: What call can you put forward Oku: Onkunzimbira enyumba nsobole Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 119

to donor agency? okukuma abaana bange bulungi. Ans: To build me a house so that I Eki: Okulidde kuno okuva mu buto can keep my children well. bwo? Qtn: Did you grow up from this area Oku: Nedda najjako buzzi. since childhood? Eki: Okuva luda wa? Ans: No, I just migrated to this area. Oku: Nava Bbinzi, okumpi ne Kiriri. Qtn: From where? Eki: Wazaalibwa mwaka ki? Ans: I came from Bbinzi, near Kiriri. Oku: Omwaka sigumanyi, era namatu Qtn: You were born in which year? tegakyawulira. Ans: I don’t know the year and my Eki: Olina omukyala? ears nolonger hear very well. Oki: Waali awaka. Qtn: Do you have a wife? Eki: Olina abaana? Ans: She is there at home. Oku: Abaana be basooka okufa. Naye Qtn: Do you have children? kati nina wo babiri. Omu, omulenzi, Ans: Children died first but I now abeera awo, ate ye omuwala ali have two children one boy who stays Kampala. here and the girl stays in kampala. Eki: Omuwala akola? Qtn: What does the girl do? Oku: Yee, alina gyakola eyo ku bbaala Ans: She works at a bar in kampala e Kampala ewa mukama we. at her boss’s place. Eki: Eby’okulya kati obijjawa, na ki Qtn: Where do you get what to eat ekisinga okuluma mu bulamu bwo? and what pains you most in your life? Oku: Sirina gyembijja, era nsigadde Ans: I don’t have where to get them kufa bufi. Omutwe, omugongo na just waiting to die. The head, the mattu gaziba dda. back and the ears are deaf. Eki: Kuno olinako ab’oluganda bo? Qtn: Do you have relatives here? Oku: Okuggyako Katonda yekka, Ans: Apart from Only God my ab’oluganda basigala Burundi. relatives were left in Burundi. Eki: Kati okola mulimu ki kuno? Qtn: What work do you do here? Oku: Najja nga mulimi. 120 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: I came as a farmer. Eki: Kati, obulamu obusanze otya Qtn: How do you find life here from okuva lwe wava ee Burundi? the time you left Burundi? Oku: Bulwadde bwe nsinze okufuna Qtn: I have mostly contracted okuva lwenajja wano. diseases from the time I came. Eki: Kati gwe, oyinza kubira mulanga Qtn: what would you like to say to ki eri abagaba obuyambi? the people that offer support? Oku: Bandinyambye mu bulamu Ans: They should help me as God bwange, nga katonda nabo nga bwa loves them too. bagala. Qtn: Your of what religion? Eki: Oliwa ddiini ki? Qtn: I am a Catholic. Oku: Nze ndi mukatoliki. Otn: For how long have you stayed Eki: Kuno omazeeko kiseera ki? here? Oku: Emyaka nga nkaaga (60). Oku: I have spent sixty years. Qtn: Your of which tribe? Eki: Oli wa ggwanga ki? Oku: I am a Hutu. Oku: Ndi mu “Hutu”. Qtn: When did you leave Burundi? Eki: E Burundi wavayo mwaka ki? Oku: I came here in the time of Oku: Najja kuno ku mulembe gwa Kabaka Muteesa II azaala Ronald Kabaka Muteesa II azaala Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II. Muwenda Mutebi II. Qtn: How did you get this land title? Eki: Ekibanja kino wakifuna otya? Ans: Nzoliwala gave it to me but he Oku: Nzoliwala yeyakimpa, naye yafa. died. Eki: Ye teyalina baana? Qtn: He didn’t have children? Oku: Abalina, naye wasigala wo omu Ans: I have but I only remained one yekka omulenze. Naye abawala bo boy, but all the girls got married long bafumbirwa dda. time ago. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 121

12 Richard Ssentale (41 years old) 12 Richard Ssentale (41 years old) Qtn: What is your occupation? Eki: Okola Mulimu ki? Ans: I am a Farmer. Oku: Gwa’kulima. Qtn: Now what problems do you see Eki: Kati buzibu ki by’olaba mu in this area? kitundu kino nga gwe, aluddemu? Ans: We do not have the food reason Oku: Tetukyalina mmere olwensonga being that we got cassava mosaic. nti twafuna obuwuka bwa muwogo. They buy our coffee at a give away Emmwanyi bazigula ku beeyi yawansi price. nnyo. Qtn: How have found your life span Eki: Obulamu bwo obusanze otya since you were born? okuva lwe wazaalibwa? Ans: I got sickness and I am lame Oku: Nafuna obulwadde era even got a fracture in the joint. nemmenyeka okugulu kuno mu Qtn: Where did you come from to be nnyingo. Era kwalemalira ddala. here? Eki: Wava wa okujja wano? Ans: From Kifampa. Oku: Nava Kifampa. Qtn: Now you’re here alone? Eki: Kati kuno oliko wekka? Ans: I am with mother and the sister. Oku: Ndiko ne maama ne Qtn: You do not have a wife? mwanyinaze. Ans: I have a wife and two children. Eki: Tolina mukazi? Qtn: For how long have you stayed Oku: Omukazi nina era nnina with this sickness? n,abaana babiri. Ans: Its now one year. Eki: Obulwadde buno bukumazeeko Qtn: But old man the youth here bbanga ki? don’t want to work and there are Oku: Ebbanga lya mwaka mulamba. thieves and drunkards. How can you Eki: Naye Mzee, abavubuka bo, ku comment on this? Kitwe, tubamanyi nga aba,bbi n’abywe Ans: They (youth) steal coffee and b’omwenge. Ggwe kino obadde okilaba drink alcohol. otya okumala ebbanga lyo lyonna? 122 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: What about famine in this area? Oku: Ba bba emmwanyi, n’omwenge Ans: There is famine because pests bakeera mukeere. and diseases of cassava destroyed our Eki: Eby’enjala obadde oby’ogerako ki? crops and now we eat “Musa”. Oku: Enjala nyingi olwensonga nti Qtn: What about healthy - care are obuwuka bwajja ne butulumba wano you alright? ewaffe, obwa muwogo. Era tulya Ans: There is not enough healthy- musa. care. Eki: Ate eby’obulamu byo biri bitya Qtn: Now what call can you put wano e Kitwe? forward to donor agency? Oku: Tewali bujjanjabi bumala. Ans: They should give us healthy Eki: Kati gwe mulanga ki gw’okubira care. Organization like TASO, sugar abayinza okutuyambako? so that we an live longer. They Oku: Batuwe obujjanjabi obutumala. should even get us transport means Nga ebibiina bya TASO, sukaali, so that patients can be taken health okusobola okweyimirizaawo. - units quickly. They should again Batufunire entambula, esobola build for us a healthy - unit to our okutwala abalwadde mu ddwaliro trading centre Kitwe. amangu e Kanoni. Batuwe ekizimbe Qtn: What about in the price of nga wano e Kitwe mu maduuka, coffee that has reduced, do you have awajanjabirwa abalwadde baffe. something to say on it? Eki: Ate ku bintu nga emmwanyi Ans: We beg the buyers to fix up the okugwa ebbeeyi, obadde ogambawo ki constant price so that we can gain kunsonga eno? more money from our produce. Oku: Tusaba abakulu abagula emmwanyi bateekewo ebbeeyi ennungi tusobole okufunamu obusente obuwerako. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 123

13 Sepiranza Nakulia 13 Sepiranza Nakulia (100 years old) (100 years old) Qtn: What is your occupation now? Eki: Okola mulimu ki wano kati? Ans: When I was still energetic I was Oku: wenali nkyalina amanyi, nali digging. nnima. Qtn: You came from somewhere else Eki: Wava ku mawanga, oba or were you born here in Uganda? wazaalibwa muno mu Yuganda? Ans: I was born here in Uganda. Oku: Nazaalibwa wano mu Yuganda. Qtn: Madam what problems do you Eki: Nyabo buzibu ki byoyina? have here? Eki: Nnyabo kati buzibu ki bw’olina Ans: The problem that I have is that ddala wano ewuwo? all my children, grandsons died long Oku: Obuzibu bwenina. Abaana ago. n’abazukkulu, bonna banfaako dda. Qtn: Do you have wells? Eki: Enzizzi zo mulina? Ans: We have wells but they are too Oku: Enzizzi zo tuzirina, naye far from here. Another reason I am okutuukayo wala nnyo okuva wano. here but I don’t have healthy - care N’ekirala, ndi wano, naye sirina with my people I stay with. bujjanjabi n’abantu bange. Qtn: Where did come and settle Eki: Wavaawa okujja wano? here? Oku: Najja wano nga nva mulukoola. Ans: I came here from Lukota, N’engula ekibanja kino mu mwaka bought this land in the year 1977, gwe 1977. N’entandika okulima and started digging my food. emmere yange. Nga sirina mulimu Qtn: How many children do you gwonna gw’enkola. have? Eki: Olina abaana bameka? Ans: I was having four children but Oku: Nalina bana, naye omu kati ye now I have one boy. yasigalawo, omulenzi. Qtn: Now where is your husband? Eki: Kakati maama, ye omusajja Ans: The husband is at another aliludda wa? 124 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

home, we divorced long ago. Oku: Omusajja ali mu maka ge Qtn: What forced you to divorce? twayawukana dda. Ans: there were many reasons that Eki: Kiki eky’abawukanya ne bbawo? led our divorce. Oku: Ensonga zaali nnyingi Qtn: Now do you have any healthy ezatwawukanya. problem? Eki: Kati olina obulwadde mu bulamu Ans: Legs are paining me. bwo? Qtn: Do you have your other relative Oku: Amagulu gannuma nnyo. aside? Eki: Olinayo ob’oluganda bo abalala Ans: My relatives also died. ebbali? Qtn: What is your clan? Oku: Ab’oluganda nabo baafa. Ans: I belong to Cow clan. Eki: Weddira ki? Oku: Neddira nte.

14 Zzidoolo Ddungu (79 years old) 14 Zzidoolo Ddungu (79 years old) Qtn: What is your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: Mostly I am a farmer even I Oku: Okusinga ndi mulimi ate worked as a Chief during the Kings nakolako nga omwami wa Kabaka, regime for about 20 years. okumala emyaka abiri. Qtn: What problems do you find here Eki: Bizibu ki ddala byolaba mu in your area Kitwe? Kitundu kino eky’eKitwe? Ans: There is rampant poverty but Oku: Obwavu mwe buli naye abamu some work so that they can have bekolera ne basobola okwefunira some money. ssente. Qtn: Now where did you come from? Eki: Kati gwe wavaawa mukulu Ans: I came from Kongo - Kishasha. Zzidoolo? Qtn: You are of which tribe? Oku: Naava Kongo – Kinshasha. Qtn: I am a (Luo) “Musuru”. Eki: Oli wa ggwanga ki? Qtn: You came in which year? Oku: Ndi Muluulu. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 125

Ans: I came to Kitwe in 1951. Eki: Wajja mwaka ki wano? Qtn: When did you come to Uganda? Oku: Wano mu Kitwe najjawo Ans: I came in 1947. mulukumi mulwenda ataano mugumu. Qtn: Since 1951 you mean the King Eki: Wajja mwaka ki wano mu of Buganda gave you power as a Yuganda? chief? Oku: Najja mulukumi mulwenda mu Ans: Yes, it is true he gave that post anna mumusanvu. to me. Eki: Okuva mulukumi mulwenda Qtn: You mean you bought this land ataano mugumu waliwano Kabaka yourself. nakuwa obwami? Ans: I bought it with my own money Oku: Yee, Kabaka nampa from elder Nanseera. obukulembeze. Qtn: How many children do you Eki: Kati, kyogamba nti ekibanja have? wagula kigule? Ans: I have eight children. Oku: Nakigula ne ssente zange okuva Qtn: Do you have a wife? ku Nanseera omutaka. Ans: She is there but we divorced. Eki: Olina abaana bameka? Qtn: Do those children at Kampala Oku: Nina abaana munaana. come and help you? Eki: Olina omukyala? Ans: They do help me and even the Oku: Omukyala wali, naye twa clothes which I am wearing I got yawukana. from them. Eki: Kati abaana abali e Kampala Qtn: Do you have relatives here or bajja okuyamba? you just came alone? Oku: Banyamba era n’engoye zendimu Ans: I have them but they moved kati be bazimpa. from here and went to Buddu Eki: Kati kuno olina ab’oluganda (Masaka) but one died. abalala oba wajja wekka? Qtn: What is your clan? Oku: Mbalina, naye kuno bavaako ne Ans: I am of Antelope (the Uganda bagenda e Buddu (Masaka). Naye 126 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Kob). omu naafirayo. Eki: Wedira ki ? Oku: Neddira Ngabi.

15 Aisha Babirye (Second Visit to 15 Aisha Babirye (Second Visit to Mamba Mmamba LCIDate:10-11-99) Mamba Mmamba LCIDate:10-11-99) Qtn: Your clan? Eki: Ekika kyo? Ans: Monkey clan. Oku: Nkima. Qtn: What problems do you see Eki: Bizibu ki ebirala by’olaba, maama Madam Aisha? Aisha? Ans: They should build for us the Oku: Batuzimbire eddwaliro. hospital. They should again build Okutuzimbira amasomero. Batukolere for us schools. They should again engudo. construct for us roads. Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira aba JICA Qtn: What cal can you put forward to okulongosa ebintu ebyo? JICA to improve for us those above Oku: Batulongoseze ebintu ebyo mentioned things? byonna waggulu byemenye, wamu ne Ans: To improve for us the above by’okwerinda. mentioned things I have given and security at large.

16 Loziyo Kyalinga (58 years old) 16 Loziyo Kyalinga (58 years old) Qtn: Your clan and where did you Eki: Weddira ki, era wavaawa? come from? Oku: ……Neddira Ngo, nazalibwa Ans: ...... Leopard clan, I was born muno mu Uganda nava Mawokota era here in Uganda. I came from gyenakulira. Mawokota and that it is Eki: Gwe olaba biki ebituletedde where I was brought up. obwavu? Qtn: As you what things that have Oku: Era byebyo. Obw’engudo, Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 127

caused poverty? tetusobola kwejjanjabisa, tetulaba Ans: Not having good roads, we do malwaliro. not have enough healthy-care, even Eki: Kuno ku Mmamba, olinako we do not have healthy units. amaka nabenganda zo? Qtn: Here at Mamba do you have Oku: Abenganda bali wala nnyo. your relatives? Kuno ku Mmamba sirinako bantu. Ans: My relatives are very far. Ndi mumikono gya gavumenti. Here at Mamba I do not have any Eki: Okutwaliza awamu, mulina relative but I am I the hands of the obwavu bwakikaaki? governments. Oku: Tewali Ssente Qtn: Generally what kind of poverty do you have? Ans: Lack of money.

17 Byalugaba (53 years old) 17 Byalugaba (53 years old) Qtn: We would like you to give us Eki: Twandiyagadde okumaya your history and were you came ebyafaayo byo, era wavaawa? from? Oku: Nava Buddu. Najja ng’omukozi. Ans: Nava Buddha. Najja is an Oluvannyuma lw’abantu bange okufa, employee. After the death of my n’ensalawo n’epakasize. people, I decided to leave. Eki: Wano wagulawo otya? Qtn: How did you buy it here? Oku: Mukama wange yampawo buwi. Ans: My boss gave me this. Eki: Mukama wo ya ani? Qtn: Who is your boss? Oku: Ye Misayiri Kasozi. Wakuno ku Ans: My boss is called Misayiri Malere, naye yafa. Kasozi. His from Malere too but he Eki: Abenganda zo wabalekawa? passed on. Oku: Nabaleka Buddu, naye simanyi Qtn: Where did you leave your oba gy’ebali oba baafa. Entalo relatives? zibadde nnyingi nnyo. 128 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: I left them in Buddu, but am Eki: Bwetuwulira erinnya Byalugaba, not so sure whether they are dead or tulitwala okuba lya mu Ankole. Kiri alive. The war has been constant. kitya ekyo? Qtn: The sound of your name Oku: ……Nedda. Ssebo, nze siriwayo. Byalugaba sounds like someone from Ndi Muganda. Neddira Mpologoma. Ankole, how true is that? Eki: Twandyagadde okumanya Ans: No sir, I am not from Ankole , bakadde bo gyebali. Oba baafa? I am a Muganda and I belong to the Oku: Kati simanyi. Siyinza kulimba lion clan. nti gyebali, oba baafa. Ebbanga Qtn: We would like to know if your libadde ddene, n’entalo nyingi nnyo parents are still there or dead. eziyise. Ans: Right now I dont know, I cannot tell if they are there or dead. Its been long and we there has been wars.

18 Tanansi Munyabigyerero 18 Tanansi Munyabigyerero (70 years old) (70 years old) Qtn: For how long have you stayed Eki: Kuno ku Malere omazeeko kiseera here at Malere? ki? Ans: It is a long time. Oku: Ekiseera kinene. Qtn: When did you come? Eki: Wajja mwaka ki? Ans: I can not remember. Oku: Sikyangu kujjukira? Qtn: Where did you come from? Eki: Wavaawa? Ans: I came from Rwanda. Oku: Nava Rwanda. Qtn: What is your occupation now? Eki: Kati kuno, okolako mulimu ki? Ans: I am just a farmer. Oku: Ndi mulimi. Qtn: Do you have a home or your Eki: Olina w’osula, oba bakusuza just sleeping with a friend? busuza? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 129

Ans: I live with my boss. Oku: Nsula neMukama wange. Qtn: I know you have stayed long Eki: Gwe nga bw’oludde ku Malere at Malere what problems do you see olowooza buzibu ki obuli ku Malere? here? Oku: Njala. Ans: Famine. Eki: Enjala olowooza evudde ku ki? Qtn: What causes famine? Oku: Ku bye balima nebifa. Naddala Ans: The plants that we grow like muwogo ne lumonde afuuka buwuzi cassava and sweet potatoes are wuzi. affected by diseases. Eki: Ng’ovudd ku byenjala, oli nayo Qtn: A part from famine what other ekizibu ekirala ekituletedde okubanga problem that has made us as we are bwetuli kati? like this? Oku: Ekizibu kiva ku butalya bulungi. Ans: Poor diet. Emmere temala. Qtn: Where do you sell your crops Eki: Ebirime byammwe mubitunda like maize? wa, nga kasooli? Ans: We do not sell maize we just Oku: Bamumalawo kubanga enjala eat it because of rampant famine in mpitirivu mu kyalo. Eki: Kati ebya the village. mazzi obiraba otya? Qtn: Do you have enough water in Eki: Muyina amazzi agamala the place? mukitundu kino? Ans: We have water and we Oku: Amazzi tugalina, era enzizzi construct our local wells. tuzikola ezaffe eze kiddugavu. Qtn: What call do you have to people Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira abantu who can give us aid? bonna abayinza okujja okutuyamba? Ans: Food aid, because there is Oku: Batuyambe kubyemmere, famine. kubanga enjala nyingi nnyo. Qtn: Do you have a wife? Eki: Olina omukyala? Ans: I do not have a wife. Oku: Sirina mukyala. Qtn: Do you have children? Eki: Olina abaana? 130 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: Now here I do not have them Oku: Kati wano sirina. Benazaala but I left them in Rwanda. basigalayo e Rwanda. Qtn: How do you feel when they tell Eki: Owulira oyinza okwagala you that they are taking you back to okuddayo e Rwanda singa baba Rwanda? bakutute? Ans: I can go back and I am very Oku: Nzirayo era njagala okulaba much eager to see the people whom abaayo be nalekayo. I left there. Eki: Oli mu Tutsi, oba mu Hutu? Qtn: Are you a Htusi or a Hutu? Oku: Ndi mu Hutu. Ans: I am a Hutu.

Book 7 Book 7 Luganda 1 Kiganda David (36 years old) 1 Kiganda David (36 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: Businessman. Oku: Ndi musubizi. Qtn: What kind of business? Eki: Osubula biki? Ans: I buy necessity commodities like Oku: Nsubula ebintu ebiyamba abantu salt, soap, and sell them to people mu mbeera ezabulijjo ng’omunnyo, (retailer). sabuuni n’ebirala. Qtn: What problems have you Eki: Ebintu ebyo abisanzemu buzibu encountered in your business? ki? Ans: Transport means, and at times I Oku: Obuzibu bw’ensanze bwa buy those commodities at a very high ntambula, era n’ebintu tubigula ku prices. buseere. Qtn: Where did you come from or Eki: Kakati muzeeyi, wajja ddi are you a citizenship of this area? okubeera kuno? Oba oliwakuno, Ans: A citizen of this place and born mwana nzaalwa? here. Oku: Ndi mwana nzaalwa yakuno. Qtn: What confrontations have you Eki: Obulamubwo oze obusanga otya? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 131

found in your life? Oku: ……Obulamu tebubadde bubi Ans: ...... Life hasn’t been so bad kubanga amalwaliro tegatubadde wala. because hospitals where I go for Okugeza nga Bukalagi ne Kanoni. medical check up are near like Eki: Kakati ggwe muzeeyi, buzibu ki Bukalagi and Kanoni. bw’olaba obuli mu kitundu kyaffe? Qtn: Can you tell me the problems in Oku: Obuzibu bwa masanyalaze. your area? Gatuli kumpi, naye tegatuyamba. Ans: We have electricity in our area, Singa tufuna abantu abayinza but it is not beneficial to us because okugatusikira ne gatandika we don’t have small scale industries okutuyamba, osenga n’obukolero that can create more jobs to jobless obutono twaditandise okubufuna. people. Eki: Ate ekirala? Qtn: What else? Oku: Tulina obuzibu bw’okulima Ans: We have problem of using hand mukono mukono. Atulemeseza. tools if we can get the ways of using Singa tufuna ku magezi amangu. tractors may be that can help us to Nga karakita eziyinza okutuyamba, increase on our work. omuntu najjamu ekinene ekiyinza Qtn: What else? okuyimirizaamu abantu be. Ans: Another one...... may be the Eki: Ate e kirala? hydro-electricity power (H.E.P ) can Oku: Ekirala……Mpozzi nandi lead to the development of the area. yongerezaku kya masanyalaze. Qtn: What do you have to say on Nagogayinza okutusikira ku bantu ne education? beyongera mu kitundu. Ans: If possible they should get us a Eki: Eby’enjiririza. Obyo gerakoki, nursery school for the younger ones Ssebo? who cannot walk long journeys like Oku: Singa tufunayo ku ssomero lya to Kasaka and Bukalagi. baana abato. Abatasobola ku tambula Qtn: What ideas do you have that ngenda mpanvu. Nga ku genda can fight poverty? Kasaka ne Bukalagi. Babeere nga 132 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: If we get aid from donor babangulirwamu. agencies we are determined to work Eki: Kati alowooza birowoozo ki together. by’oyinza okuwa, ebiyinza okumalawo Qtn: Your clan Sir? obwavu? Ans: Ngonge clan. Oku: Singa tufuna obuyambi, abantu Qtn: Do you have your relatives here bamalirivu okutekamu amanyi. ? Eki: Omuziro ggwo, ssebo? Ans: They are here in the trading Oku: Nze neddira Ngonge, ssebo. centre. Eki: Oyina abenganda zo wano? Qtn: What other responsibilities do Oku: Aboluganda bange bali wano mu you have? madduuka. Ans: I am the chairman of this Eki: Kifoo ki eky’obuvunanyizibwa, Koome trading centre. We request to kyolina? get for us public latrines. Oku: Nze ssentebe w’omu maduuka, Qtn: Are your people not so wano we muli, ssebo. Era bampa arrogant? ekitibwa eky’obwa “meeya”. Ensonga Ans: They are not at all. endala, engeri amadduka gye Qtn: Are they drunkards? geyongedde, tubadde tusaba kabuyongo Ans: Some are drunkards, but we eyalukale. have put strict laws not to drink very Eki: Abantu bo, bokirira sibewulize? early in the morning (during working Oku: Sibewulize. Era bawulize. hours). Eki: Banywi bo mwenge? Notes: He is very anxious in Oku: Babadde banywi naye answering questions and takes much tweyongedde okubakwasa amateeka. care about to his people in Koome Era tebanywa mu biseera bya kukola Trading Centre. His people trust mirimu. him, he runs a simple shop. Ebikkatiriza:Okufanana kwe era n’endabikaye mu kuddamu ebibuuzo: Alabika ayagala nnyo embeera jalimu. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 133

Nungi. Afaayo ku bantu be, era ye sentebe wa Koome “trading Centre”. Abantu be balabika bamwesiga, kubanga bonna bawulirize era balabika besiga byayogera. Alina akaduuka akatunda kyakala kyakala. Amanyi kyayogera, era mutegeevu mundabika ye.

2 Mamweli Kabogoza Isalongo 2 Mamweli Kabogoza Isalongo (45 years old) (45 years old) Qtn: What is your occupation? Eki: Omulimu ggwo? Ans: I am a farmer and a carpenter Oku: Nima ate, nga ndi mubazi. too. Eki: Obubazi obwo, obusanzemu Qtn: What challenges have you buzibu ki? encountered in carpentry work? Oku: Butaba na buyambi, era Ans: Not having asistance and n’entandikwa. Ffe eno mukyalo etali capital. Here in the village there is byuma binene ebikozesa amasanyaleze. no advanced technology, and when it Ate, okulima tulima, naye tebijja. comes to farming, if we could get a Singa tufuna obuyambi obwa kalakita. tractor atleast people would get more Nezijja ku muluka, abantu ne baba money interms of large scale farming. nga bazipangisa ku sente entono tono. Qtn: Do people have their own land Eki: Abantu balina ettaka lyabwe nga were they can dig? basobola okulimako? Ans: People have have their own Oku: Abantu balina ettaka, era ffe, land and they like the system. twegomba nnyo enkola eyo. Qtn: Do they rent it.? Eki: Abalina balipangisa? Ans: Yes they rent it. Oku: Yee……balipangisa. Qtn: Sir, what other problem do you Eki: Ate, ssebo, kizibu ki ekirala? have? Oku: Singa tufuna obuwujjo obuzimba 134 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: If they could construct for us kabuyonjo, nakyo kyandiyongedde a good pitlatrin other than us having okusitula omutindo gw’obulamu. Naye these timber built toilets which tend zino ez’ebiti ziggwa mangu. Ensonga to fall when it rains in most cases endala. Singa batufunira kabuyonjo it would help us interms of health. eza lukale, kyandi tuyambye wano Toilets should be built for us. ewaffe mu maduuka. Qtn: Old man, they told us that Eki: Naye, muzeeyi, batugamba nti men of this community like abasajja ba muno bajja basunza rumourmongering , how true is the eggambo. Ekyo kittufu, nti tebagala statement? kola? Ans: Its a lie, men of this community Oku: Ekyo sikituufu. Abasajja ba like to work and to tell here there is muno bakozi nnyo era bagala okukola. no theft in this area. Era munno tetulinaamu bubbi. Ebyo, Qtn: Do you get some education nti gundi bamukutte ne bintu bya here? munne. Ans: We dont get education and Eki: Muno, mufuna mu ku misomo? i feel its one of the things that is Oku: Emisomo tetutera kujjifuna era needed. ejo gyegyibulamu. Qtn: Which clan do you belong to? Eki: Weddira muziro ki, Ssebo? Ans: I belong to Nggonge clan. Oku: Neddira Nggonge. Qtn: Do you have relatives some Eki: Olina abantu abesudde ebbali? where else? Oku: Nze ndimuzaale wakuno. Nina Ans: Am born here and i have land ettaka eka (acre) 50. of 50 hectares. Eki: Olina abaana bameka? Qtn: How many children do you Oku: Nina abaana kumi nabataano have? (15). Ans: I have fifteen children. Eki: Bonna basoma? Qtn: Do they study? Oku: Abamu tebasoma. Ans: Some dont study. Eki: Lwaki tebasoma? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 135

Qtn: Why don’t they study? Oku: Ekyabatuuza, nga sirina sente Ans: They are nolonger studying zeyongerayo, ku bawerera. Era kati because I didnt have money to push balima bulimi. them forward and thats why they Ebikkatiriza: Okutwaliza awamu, stopped schooling. muntu mulungi. Tabadde Notes: In general he is a good namutawana. Asobola okuddamu person. He didnt have any problem. ebibuuzo bulungi. Ayagala, era, He responds well to the question. kyaddamu akimanyi. Musajja mukulu, He was interested and knew what he era yebuzibwako. Tumusanze mu ws replying to. His quite a big man madduka, so siwaka we. and an advisor. We found him in his shop not at home.

3 Deziraanta Makyanzi 3 Deziraanta Nakyanzi (33 years old) (33 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki, maama? Ans: I am a Farmer. Oku: Nze ndi mulimi. Qtn: How have you managed to Eki: Wajja otya okubeera kuno? come here? Oku: Nze najja ku bufumbo. Mazeko Ans: I came to marry and I have emyaka (18). spent in the marriage for about 13 Eki: Obadde oyagala babayambe mu years. kitundu kyamwe ekya Kooma, Nsaasi? Qtn: Which aid do you want in your Oku: Nze mbadde njagala batuyambe area Koome - Nsasi? mu buyambi bwa kalakita. Era Ans: I request that they should help namalwaliro nago batuyambe Ssebo. us in tractors since we are almost Eki: Olina omusajja n’abaana? farmers, and even constructing Oku: Yee–– Ssebo. Nina abaana healthy units in the place. Nkumi (10). Qtn: Do you have a husband and Eki: Bonna basoma? 136 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

children? Oku: Yee Ssebo. Ans: Yes...... and have ten children. Eki: Basomera mu masomero ga Qtn: Are all schooling? nkulaki? Ga bwananyini, oba ga Ans: Yes Sir. gavumenti? Qtn: Are they schooling private or Oku: Basomera mu ga gavumenti, government schools? e’kanoni. Ans: In government schools. Eki: Eby’okusoma mu bisanze mutya Qtn: How have you experienced their nga mwe abalabirira abaana? education status as you parents? Oku: Eby’etaago tebimala bulungi, Ans: Education facilities are not good kubanga enfuna yaffe ntono. as such because of our little income. Eki: Enfuna entono eva kuki? Qtn: What causes your little income? Oku: Bye tulima tebidda bulungi. Kati Atn: We get low yields because our ng’essamba yaffe eyo ey’emwannyi, coffee plantations have been attacked obuwuka bujjiridde. by pests where we earn a lot of our Eki: Kati mulanga ki gw’okubira income. abagaba obuyambi (JICA)? Qtn: What call do you have to donor Oku: ……Omulanga gwe nkuba batuwe Agency like JICA? kalakita. Bazituwereze, kubanga Ans: ...... My call is that they should tulina wetulima awagazi. Naye give us tractors for farming because tetusobola na kasimo. we have a huge piece of land, and we Eki: Eby’obulamu mubisanze mutya? are tired of using hand tools (hoes). Oku: Eby’obulamu bitutawanya, Qtn: What about the healthy - care? kubanga buli kimu kya ssente. Ans: On the side of health care is Eki: Kakati, maama, olowooza still a problem because it requires okuzaala abaana abangi, tekirina money one to stay alive. engeri gye kitusibyeeko obwavu? Qtn: Don’t you think that even Oku: Eky’enkola eya kizaala gumba having many children has also caused kirungi, naye ffe, we bagyireeterawo poverty? nga ffe, twamaladda okuzaala. Naye Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 137

Ans: It is true, but before they nga nungi ssebo. introduced family planning for us we Eki: Olina wo ab’oluganda bo abalala had already produced many children. abatali wano Koome? Qtn: Is there other relatives of yours Oku: Yee……Mbalina abalala bali awo away from here (Koome)? Namabeya abalala bali eyo Katete. Ans: Yes...... I have them in Namabeya Era nawano wendi ninawo maama and even here I have my mother she wange. Muyi, naye sisobola ku is very sick but I cannot take her in mutwala muddwaliro olw’obwavu. the hospital because of poverty. Eki: Ebikozesebwa byo gyebiri mu Qtn: Are there enough facilities in malwaliro eKanoni? Kanoni dispensary? Oku: Nayo tebiriyo, ate ebiriyo, nga Ans: There are not enough and even eddagala, balitunda buntunzi. Nga the medicine which is they just sell ate tetulina Ssente. it moreover we the poor don’t have Eki: Batugamba nti abakyala money to buy it. batambuza nnyo eggambo. Ekyo Qtn: They tell us women are rumour kituufu? mongering is that true? Oku: Nze ekyo sikirinaako bujjulizi, Ans: I don’t have the reality about on kubanga nze ndi mukazi mukozi. that issue I myself I am a very hard Eki: Abantu abamu bagamba nti working woman. ettaka likaddiye. Gwe okyogerako ki? Qtn: Some people tell us that land Oku: Ettaka, nze nggamba nti songa has exhausted but you what do you yabuwuka obuyingidde. have to say? Eki: Ate ku bya muwogo? Obulwadde Ans: The issue of land is all about obusanze otya? the pests that have consumed it. Oku: Obulwadde bwatulemerera, Qtn: What about cassava mosaic that kubanga butuyisa bubi nnyo. has destroyed the shambas? Eki: Kati ggwe, mulanga ki gw’obadde Ans: Cassava mosaic treat us very okuba ku songa eyo? bad this way. Oku: Nze mbadde nsaba batuyambe, 138 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: What call can you make on this oba batuyiyize kuddagala, oba muwogo problem? agumira abuwuka ba mutuwereze. Ans: I call upon donor agencies or Eki: Ate ku nsonga y’okukozesa the people responsible to give us “tractor”? other varieties of cassava which can Oku: Eyo yo najjogeddeko. cope up with the climate. Ebikkatiriza: Omukyala mutegevu. Qtn: What about tractor? Awaka we tewalabika bubi nnyo. Ans: That one I have already talked Waliwo ebisolo bye balunda, nga about it. obumyu, era ne mbuzi. Waliwo Notes: The lady is very intelligent, omusiri gw’emwanyi. Alabika mukozi her home stead is fair she rears some kubanga ava mu niimiro. Era ayagala animals like rabbits, goats, surrounded nnyo okuwa ebilowoozo, obutafananako by coffee plantation. It seems she is n’abakazi abalala. a very hard working woman because we found her coming from the garden.

4 Muwonge Edward (45 years old) 4 Muwonge Edward (45 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki wano? Ans: Farmer. Oku: Ndi mulimi. Qtn: What do you dig? Eki: Olima biki? Ans: Maize, coffee, beans and others. Oku: Kasooli, mwannyi, bijanjalo Qtn: That means you are not poor? n’ebirala. Ans: I am poor. Eki: Ekitegeeza ggwe tolina bwavu? Qtn: What kind of poverty? Oku: Obwavu mbusanga. Ans: Since I am a farmer my soils Eki: Bwavu bwakikaa ki? have developed pests, so I request to Oku: Nze ndi mulimi, naye ettaka get me the herbicide that can destroy lirimu obuwuka. Kale nze nsaba the pests. Another reason our wells batufunire eddagala eriyinza okutta Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 139

in bad state so they need to be obuwuka. Ensonga endala ya nzizi. renovated. Something else is that our Amazzi gatuli bubi nnyo. Enzizi ezo coffee shambas have been destroyed. zisaana okulongosebwa. Ensonga Qtn: On the side of farming what endala, emwannyi zaffe siffudde. obstacles have you met generally? Eki: Ku by’okulima. Osanze otya Ans: On that matter there is no obutale? Gwe tebukosa? Ensonga eyo market for our produce because the ogyogerako ki? price they give us here is the same in Oku: Nze ensonga eyo, sirina nnyo kye other arrears surrounding us. njogerako, kubanga ebeeyi gyebagula Qtn: How does it treat you generally mu bitundu ebirala, era yeemu naffe (price)? gyebatugulako. Ans: It affects me the price because Eki: Naye ggwe tekosa? we harvest so little whereas we plant Oku: Ffe ebeeyi etunyiga, kubanga very much and at the end we get low tubaza ebintu bitono. Ate nga prices from buyers. tutekamu kinene nnyo. Ate nebagula Qtn: Are you the father? ebeeyi yawansi. Ans: Yes Sir. Eki: Kati gwe taata? Qtn: What confrontations have you Oku: Yee Ssebo. met with your family? Eki: Osanze buzibu ki n’abantu bo? Ans: I have met many confrontation Oku: Nsanze obuzibu okujjanjaba to look after them because I abantu bange. Ekisooka, nze kenyini myself I am every sick and from ndi mulwadde. Era wano we nebaliza here I thank the government of Museveni. Era n’abakulu, kubanga Museveni and other elders that I nze baampa etikiti ya bulwadde. was pardoned to pay tax. Another Ensonga endala, olumu ndwala ne reason sometimes I get sick and fail mbula entambula entwala okutuuka to get transport means to reach at the muddwaliro (ebutabika), olw’enfuna hospital because of my low income. entono. Era nfuna obuzibu mu kuliisa Sometimes I get a problem of feeding abantu bange, Ssebo. 140 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

my family. Eki: Enkola eya bonna basome, Qtn: Have you benefited in the UPE mugyiganyiddwamu? Olubimbi lwa programme and fulfilling all the mwe mulutegedde? requirements of the school? Oku: ……Nkyogerako. Abaana baffe Ans: ...... The UPE programme has enjiga tegenda bulungi. Ate naffe not been good and even us we don’t tetulina ssente. Wabula emiwogo have enough money to fulfill some tubawa ne batwala ne balya. requirements at school. Eki: Kati, weddira ki, Ssebo? Qtn: Your clan Sir? Oku: Ngabi. Ans: Ngabi clan. Ebikkatiriza: Omwami tumusanze Notes: The gentleman is jolly and musanyufu. Ayagala era atwaniriza welcomed us happily. He knows bulungi ddala. Ayagala okuddamu, very well what he answers, his house era kya ddamu akimanyi. Alabika is roofed with iron sheets but not mulimi ate mulunzi. Awaka waliwo beautiful as such. It seems he has a omusiri ggw’emwannyi. Ate, alinawa very size able family. embuzi era n’obumyo. Enyumba simbi erabika bulungi ya baati alabika alina abaana abawerako.

5 Maria Nassaka 5 Maria Nassaka Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki wano maama? Ans: Just to eat. Oku: Nkola gwa kulya. Qtn: How have you experienced your Eki: Obulamu obasanze otya maama, life history till this older age? okutuuka kati? Ans: Only disease which attacks me Oku: Bulwadde bwokka, bwe bunuma. over and over. Sirina bulamu. Qtn: How many children do you Eki: Abaana olina bameka maama? have? Oku: Nsigaza abaana babiri bokka. Ans: I have only two children the Abalala baafa. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 141

rest died long ago. Eki: Bo, baali bulungi mu mbeera Qtn: Are they alright healthy wise? yabwe? Ans: Don’t know because have taken Oku: Simanyi. Ndudde okugenda yo. so long to see them. Eki: Bbo, bakulabiridde batya? Qtn: Do they look afeter you? Oku: Bandabira. Bandetera omukozi, Ans: They look after me and they got naye yadduka. Yagenda kufumbirwa. me a house girl to cook for me but Eki: Kakati ggwe maama, ng’ogyeko she again went for marriage. ebyo, olaba bizibuki mu kitundu? Qtn: What problems do you see in Oku: Kuwalana kyokka. Empalana the area apart from that? nyingi eri muno omwaffe. Ans: We have enemies only in our Eki: Mu kulima osanze mu buzibuki? area that what I can stress to my Oku: ……Sirina buzibu bwe nsanze, observation. wabula walumbe anzinya olugugye Qtn: What obstacles have you met in yekka. farming? Eki: Emeere ebala kuttaka lino? Ans: ...... Nothing else but only the Oku: Ebala. Singa ate tebala, singa persistent disease which disturbs me. ndya. Qtn: Are you getting high yields on Eki: Ggwe tolina buwuka your land? bw’amwannyi nga bwe tuze tubulaba Ans: It yields a lot and I have more mu bitundu ebirala? to eat. Oku: Obuwuka webuli. Qtn: Haven’t you experienced the Bwandireseeyo? coffee disease here as other people Eki: Ate obwa muwogo? have been complaining in other Oku: Muwogo tusimba, obuwuka areas? bulya. Ans: There is pests, that one I should Eki: Maama, abantu bo, abebbali not deny it. obalina? Qtn: What about cassava? Oku: Sirina. Bonna baafa era Ans: We plant but it is also destroyed nasigala bwomu. 142 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

by pests. Eki: Mulanga ki gwe wandikubidde Qtn: Do you have other relatives ekitongole ekya JICA nga ggwe away? Namwandu? Ans: No, all died and I am alone Oku: Sirina ansuza. Mu nnyumba here. nsula mu bw’omu. Qtn: What call can you put forward Eki: Ate eby’obulamu obisanze otya? to this Non-government organization Oku: Tewakyali bulamu. Era (JICA) as you the widow? nejjanjabira wano neddagala erya ffe Ans: I don’t have anyone to stay with ery’ekinansi. in the house, I only stay in it a lone. Eki: Weddira ki maama? Qtn: How have you found the Oku: Neddira mutima. healthy care? Ebikkatiriza: Namwandu akaddiye. Ans: I don’t have enough healthy Ali yekka awaka. Alabika care and I just use local herbs to cure munaku okusinzira ku byayogera. myself. Atandise okuwutta, era byayogera Qtn: Your clan? tebikwatagana. Bye tumubuziza Ans: Heart clan. ebiseera ebisinga sibyazeemu. Notes: The widow looks miserable, Tatuyambye nnyo. Awaka wannyirira. poor according to what she narrates. Alinawo olusuku. Lukaddiye, era She has started losing some of her enima siyamulembe. Endabika ye senses because of what is asked is akyali mugumu, kyokka embeera replying centrally. But she is still gyalimu sinungi. Anti awaka strong according to the appearance of abeerawo yekka. hers.

6 Yosefu Kabanda (58 years old) 6 Yosefu Kabanda (58 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Taata okola mulimu ki? Ans: I do farming. Oku: Ndi mulimi. Qtn: What kind of crops do you Eki: Olina bintu ki? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 143

have? Oku: Mwannyi, bijanjaalo, kassoli. Ans: Coffee, beans, maize that what Byo byenima. I dig. Eki: Ofunye w’obitunda? Qtn: Have you got the market to sell Oku: Ababitugulako muno, mwebali. them? Eki: Naye olimumative ne sente ze Ans: Buyers this way are there. babigula? Qtn: But are you confident with the Oku: Aaah, ffe tetufuna. Omwaka price they buy them? bwe gguberawo, era bwe ggugwako, Ans: We farmers what we get the nga ffe abalimi tetufunye. whole year is that wise expect all the Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okuba okulongosa time. ebintu ebyo (ekyo)? Qtn: What call can you put forward Oku: Gavementi etekawo ebeeyi ye to improve on those things? bintu era n’abasubuzi bajjigoberere. Ans: The government should fix Eki: Kati ku ky’obuwuka bwe mwanyi the price which buyers they should ne muwogo byo oby’ogerako ki? follow. Oku: Batunonyezeeyo emiti egyigumira Qtn: Now on pests and diseases that obuwuka. Banaffe abamu kugyebaleeta destroy coffee and cassava what do bajjifuna, naye tetwajjifuna. you have to say? Eki: Eby’enjiririza biri bitya? Ans: They should get us new breeds Oku: Eby’enjigiriza bibadde birungi. of coffee and cassava that can cope Eki: Okutwaliza awammu UPE (bana up with the situation. banna basome) etuganyudde? Qtn: Is education alright this way? Oku: Yee……etuganyudde, okujjako oyo Ans: The education this way is not ye eya vedda nga tayagala kuwerera. good as such. Eki: Abazadde, mulimye olubimbi Qtn: Generally the UPE programme olwamwe ku UPE? has benefited us? Oku: Nedda,……era abazadde Ans: Yes...... it has benefited us mwebali. Omwana n’agenda kusomero unless to those who we bias with the nga talina kitabo. Kale nakalubiriza 144 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

programme (UPE). abasomesa. Qtn: As you parents have you played Eki: Akasimo kano tekayiga bulamu your role to this programme (UPE)? bwo? Ans: No...... some parents fail to fulfill Oku: Kanyiga nnyo. their role they just send children to Eki: Mulanga ki gw’oyinza okubira school without books and that gives a aba JICA olw’okulongosa. burden to teachers. Oku: Nze nandi yagadde banzirukirire Qtn: Won’t you get tired when you ku ddagala ly’omuddo. use hand hoes? Eki: Ate kalakita bwe bajituwa ku Ans: It burdens me. busente obutono, olowoza yo tekola Qtn: What call can you make to bulungi mu kugaziya eby’enfuna JICA people to improve? byaffe? Ans: Me I wanted to get me Oku: Yee……kirungi, naye nga kirimu agricultural herbicides (for spraying engeri. Waliwo karakita by’etasobola. the needs). Eki: Byo eby’ettaka mu bisanze mutya? Qtn: What about machines like Oku: Ettaka lyo likaddiye, kubanga tractors if they hire it to us on a abantu tebalina wanene we balimira. very little price, can’t we manage to Balima mu kabanja ke kamu buli expand on our work? mwaka. Ans: It is alright but there is the Eki: Ku bintu bya balimisa, olina incidence where the tractor cannot kyoby’ogerako? Bakoze omulimu work. gwabwe? Qtn: What about n the exhaustion of Oku: Bo officer tebatambula era soils here? tebatutukako. Ne’mwannyi zaffe ziffa. Ans: Actually the soils here have Tewali gwe bebuuzako. exhausted because people this way Eki: Nkakasa nti temulina “pulani”. have small portions of land, where he Kituufu? planted last time it is where he plants Oku: Zzo “pulani”, abalimisa tebaze again. kuzituwa. Naye, bwe bazituwa, Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 145

Qtn: Have the agricultural officers tuzaniriza, era ne tugaziya. Naye done their work well? tetububala. Ans: Agricultural officers don’t reach Eki: Ku nkola eye misomo. Ggwo, us to get advice on the problem of obadde ogamba nti tegyandi tuyambye? coffee disease. Oku: Twagala Emisomo, , era jjigya Qtn: I understand that you lack plan kutuyamba nnyo. in your daily work is it true? Eki: Olina abaana n’omukyala? Ans: The agricultural officers have Oku: Yee……mbalina era n’abazukulu. failed to give us plans but if there is Eki: Olina abenganda abesuddeko any volunteer who can give an advice ewala okuva wano, Koome? we are very pleased. Oku: Ye mbalina. Bali Butambala Qtn: Don’t you think that even eyo. Omulala ali Ssingo. sensitization seminars could help on Ebikkatiriza: Omwami musanyufu, that matter? alabika ayagala nnyo okuddamu Ans: We want seminars and those ebibuuzo. Amanyi bulungi obuzibu will help us a lot. bwe kitundu. Musajja mukulu, era Qtn: Do you have a wife and amanyi. Yebuzibwako ensonga. children? Tumusanze mu madduuka. Ans: Yes...... I have them even granddaughters and sons. Qtn: Are you having other relative of yours from here? Ans: There are they in Butambala others are at Ssingo. Notes: The man is jolly, wants to answer questions (capable). He is an aged who can work as a consultant to other people. We met him in Koome trading Centre. 146 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

7 Dewogulasiyasi Mukasa Kaweesi 7 Dewogulasiyasi Mukasa Kaweesi (45 years old) (45 years old) Ans: Occupation? Eki: Okolamulimuki? Ans: I am a self employed farmer. Oku: Ndi musajja mulimi ey’ekozesa Qtn: What type of things do you dig? yekka. Ans: Tomatoes, peas and maize. Eki: Olima bintu byakikula ki Qtn: That means you are very rich by’olima? because of that items you grow. Oku: Ennyanya, kawo, wamu ne Ans: I am not poor as such because kasooli. want I expect to get from my produce Eki: Ekitegeeza ggwe tolina bwavu, is not what I get in terms of princes. kubanga olabika olina ebintu bingi Buyers exploits us by giving us very nnyo? little money from our harvests. Oku: Sandibadde mwavu, naye Qtn: What do you have to say on the kyenandi funye, sikyenfuna, side of roads? olwensonga nti batu dondola ebintu Ans: Me I am very pleased with the byaffe ku beeyi entono ennyo. president to construct for us roads Eki: Ekye engudo okyogerakoki ? and he should continue. Oku: Nze nsanyukira Pulenzidenti Qtn: But old man is there poverty in olw’okutulongoseza amakubo era ye the area? yongere. Ans: There is Sir. Eki: Muzeeyi olowooza obwavu Qtn: Of what kind? mwebuli? Ans: When you compare with other Oku: Webuli Ssebo. friends in other areas whom we have Eki: Bwa kikulaki? been with, one can dictate that really Oku: Bwo gereganya ne mikwano there is poverty. gjo betubade nabo kiraga nti waliwo Qtn : What really has led our place obwavu. to lag behind? Eki: Kiki ekisinze okutuza emabega? Ans: The things we use are not Oku: Ebintu byetukozesa byennyini. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 147

modernized. Eki: Bintu nga ki? Qtn: Things of which type? Oku: Luli baganba nga karakita, Ans: Before we used to get tractors, mubalimi, ebbomba, entandikwa, sprayers, loans, bicycles and other obugaali, era n’ebintu ebirala bingi things that can help we farmers but nnyo ebiyamba omulimi. now we are no longer getting those Eki: Eby’obulamu obisanze otya mu things. kitundu kino Koome? Qtn: How have you found the Oku: Nze ndaba abantu abasomye healthy care here in Koome? ko beyongedde obungi, era abo Ans: Since we have got literate bayambye nnyo bannabwe okutumbula people in our area now the healthy eby’obulamu. care has been improved. Eki: Kati go amazzi mu Koome, Qtn: What about protected wells in sibuzibu? Koome isn’t also a problem? Oku: Ekyo tekibangako kizibu, era ne Ans: On that matter we are fine and mu biseera bye kyeya, abantu banona even during the drought period we kuluzzi lwaffe tebabonabona nyo. don’t suffer a lot. Eki: Eby’okwerinda mu Koome, biri Qtn: What about on security? bitya? Ans: Our people fear prisons and Oku: Abantu baffe batya amakomera, they escape making problems that is era bagewala. Kale obumenyi bwa why we have low crimes in the area. mateeka tekibadde nnyo kizibu. Qtn: I know people in Koome do Eki: Ssebo, nsubira abantu ba muno, neglect simple work to other people, mu nyooma nnyo emirimu. Ekyo kiri but do you have say on it? kitya? Ans: The youth are hard working and Oku: Abavubuka bakozi era they don’t leave any piece of work tebanyoma mirimu. that it is given to them. Eki: Ffe abatunulizi tuyinza okugamba Qtn: We as observers we can nti obutasawo bibiina bya bwana conclude that your failure to set up kyewa, nti nekyo kirina bwe kireese 148 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Community Based Organization can obwaniba. Ggwe ogamba otya? bring the problem of being poor, what Oku: Abavubuka batera okubikola. do you have to comment? Naddala ey’okukuba buloka era mu Ans: The youth managed to establish Koome mwebiri. some small groups like that of brick Eki: Naye besigwa? laying here in Koome. Oku: Abamu batera okubeera Qtn: Are they trust worthy? abesigwa, naye ate, abamu batera Ans: Some are trust worthy but okuva ku nkola, ne basuula others tend to disobey the agreement obwesigwa n’obuvunayizibwa. they make when they are borrowing Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira aba the money. JICA? Qtn: What is your call to JICA Oku: Nze ngamba nti kuludda lyo people? by’obulimi, ekibiina ekyo, kyandi Ans: Me I am proposing that JICA tufunidde karakita nga 4 mu kitundu should get us four tractors in our kuno ekya Kyegonza. Era ensonga area Kyegonza as the majority are endala, nabavubuka baffe, babawe farmers, so that the agriculture sector entandikwa. Abalimisa bbo bafube is improved. Another request is bajje batuwa amagezi kungeri that they should provide loans t our ey’okulima. Ku by’obutale government youths. Agricultural officers should eveeyo etuterewo ebeeyi nga tekyuka come and advice us on new farming kyuka. methods. On the problem of markets Eki: Olina omukyala n’abaana? the government should come out and Oku: Yee, mbalina Ssebo. fix the price on which our produce Eki: Omuziro gwo, Ssebo? should be purchased. Oku: Ndi musajja w’Ente, Ssebo. Qtn: Do you have a wife and Eki: Toyiinayo abenganda abalala nga children? ojjeko abaliwano? Ans: Yes I have them Sir. Oku: Bali kampala. Qtn: Your clan? Ebikkatiriza:Musajja alabika Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 149

Ans: Cow clan. afaayo nnyo, era amanyi ebizibu Qtn: Don’t you have other relatives bye kyalo kye. Era n’empenda of yours apart from here? zetuyinza okutema okubulula ekyalo. Ans: They are in Kampala. Alabika bulungi nnyo mu beera Notes: The gentleman knows of what ye. Musannyufu. Tumusanze mu he is talking, he is interested with our maduuka, kyokka alabika asula kumpi, project. He is well disciplined and olwe nnyambala ye. handsome and well equipped with the knowledge of the whole village.

8 Ssetimba Elemegiyo 8 Ssetimba Elemegiyo (53 years old) (53 years old) (16/11/1999 -Koome – Nsasi) (16/11/1999 -Koome – Nsasi) Qtn: What is your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki wano? Ans: I am a farmer. Oku: Ndi mulimi. Qtn: Growing what type of things? Eki: Olina bintu nga ki? Ans: Maize, coffee other crops. Oku: Kasooli, mwanyi, n’ebirala Qtn: That means there is no poverty bwebityo. since you are growing such crops? Eki: Ekitegeeza tewali bwavu, engeri Ans: ...... Poverty is these because gy’olima ebintu ebyo? people don’t have the beginning and Oku: Obwavu webuli olw’okuba “Entandikwa” as a starting point. No abantu tebaba n’antandikwa. Era money to use in our business and we tebalina we batandikira kola. Tewali need the medicine that can spray the nsimbi zetukozesa, era twe taga coffee disease. eddagala erifuyira nge mwanyi. Qtn: Don’t you think that ignorance Eki: Obutamanya olowooza tebuyinza has even retarded our progress of the kubanga buddiriza ekitundu kya ffe? area? Oku: Obutamanya webuli, naye Ans: Ignorance is there but we can tuyinza okubumalawo. 150 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

finish it away ourselves. Eki: Ate etamiiro. Teririimu muno? Qtn: What about drunkardness in the Oku: Etamiro mweriri, naye ttono. area? Eki: Abayizzi abaana, bbo mwebali? Ans: Drunkardness it’s there but not Oku: ……Ekyo te kibaddemu. Abaana to much. abasinga basoma. Qtn: Are they not hunters also? Eki: Eby’enjigiriza biri bitya, Ssebo? Ans: ...... That activity of hunting it’s Oku: Eby’enjingiriza. Amasomero not here because we have sent all the gakya tubula mu Ssebo. children at school. Eki: Mulimu amasomero ameka? Qtn: What about the level of Oku: Tulina amasomero ag’abaana education? abato agakoma ku kibiina eky’okusatu Ans: With education we are still abiri, ate abakulu gali Bukandula. lacking more schools Sir. Eki: Ate enzizi? Qtn: How many schools are here? Oku: Tulina oluzzi olwa Nayikondo, Ans: We have schools that run to naye kati lwaffudde. primary three, three of them two are Eki: Mulina Nayikonto emu? at Bukundulu for the secondary level. Oku: Yee, tulina emu. Qtn: What about safe-water? Eki: Mu biseera bye kyeeya, mukola Ans: We have a Bore hole but now it mutya? is no longer functioning. Oku: Tulina “dam” eyo gyetutera Qtn: Do you have only one Bore okugakiina. hole? Eki: Endwadde mu kitundu byo bili Ans: Yes, only one. bitya? Qtn: How do you survive during the Oku: Endwande nnyingi. drought season? Eki: Endwadde nga ki? Ans: We have a dam where we Oku: Nga senyiga, missujja, usually go and fetch water. ebiddukano. Zo nnyingi tuzirina. Qtn: What about diseases in the Eki: Gwe oli musajja mukulu. Offunye area? enkenyera mu bulamu bwo? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 151

Ans: Diseases are too many. Oku: ……Yee. Ndi mulwadde eliiso. Qtn: Diseases like? Linteganya. Lye nkwata ndi muto. Ans: Flue, malaria fever, diarrhea are Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira JICA? too many in the place. Oku: Batuyambe. Ate waliwo ekirala? Qtn: You are older enough but have Eki: Okutuyamba mungeri ki? you got any weakness in your body Oku: Okutuwa entandikwa mu kiseera since your life hood? e kitali kitono nnyo. Ans: ...... Yes, I have an eye disease Eki: Kaakati muzeeyi, obuwuka bwe since from my child hood. mwannyi, ate bubadde buzibu? Qtn: What appeal can you address to Oku: Yee……Tweralalikiridde nnyo, JICA? era tuli mu kutya. Ans: They should aid us, is there Eki: Ku bye ttaka, biri bitya eno, e anything else? Saali? Qtn: Aid inform of what? Oku: Byo eby’ettaka, tebibadde buzibu Ans: To give us Entandikwa in the nnyo. time which is not very short. Eki: Oyinza okwetagga buyambi ki? Qtn: Now old man the coffee disease Oku: Obuyambi bwa sente is it also a problem this way? za‘ntandikwa. Ans: Yes,...... We are in danger with Eki: Okuzaala abaana abangi olowooza coffee disease and don’t know where tekirina ngeri gyekikalubiriza obulamu it will end. bw’abantu? Qtn: What about the soils this way in Oku: Yee ……ekyo kirina nyo. Abaana Saali? abanji bakalubiriza nnyo. Naddala Ans: No problem with the soils. mu biseera bino. Qtn: What aid do you need to Eki: Weddira ki? enlarge on your works? Oku: Nze neddira Ffumbe. Ans: Aid inform of entandikwa. Eki: Olina abaana bameka? Qtn: Producing many children don’t Oku: Nina abaana bana, era you think that has caused a big punch n’omukyala. 152 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

to you and mainly in the life hood of Eki: Olina abantu bo abesudde ko the people? ebbali? Ans: Yes, ...... that one also troubles Oku: Mbalina, bali Mityana. Abalala the life expectancy of people mainly kwebali kuno. in this time. Ebikkatiriza: Alabika mukozi. Qtn: Your clan? Tumusanze mu musiri gw’emwanyi Ans: Ffumbe clan. ne mukyalawe n’abaana. Alabika Qtn: How many children do you bulungi, era affayo. Ayagala okutuwa have? ebirowoozo, era alabika mulamu mu Ans: Four children and a wife. ndabika. Qtn: So you have other relatives of yours aside? Ans: I have them some are at Mityana others are here at the village. Notes: It seems he is a hardworking man because we found him coming from the coffee plantation to harvest with the women. Look handsome, and look health.

Book 8 Book 8 Luganda 1 Henry Sseggendo (……years old) 1 Henry Sseggendo (……years old) Qtn: What is your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: I am a mechanic. Oku: Nkanika. Qtn: What do fix? Eki: Okanika biki? Ans: I fix cars. Oku: Nkanika mmotoka. Qtn: You fix cars from where? Eki: Okanikirawa? Ans: I fix cars from Kawempe. Oku: Nkanikira Kawempe Qtn: What challenges do you face in Eki: Buzibuki ekyalo kyamwe bwe Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 153

your village? kisanga? Ans: The challenge I see is that Oku: Obuzibu bwe daba, ebintu byaffe they dont buy our things. Another tebabigula. Obuzibu Obulala : Naffe challenge is that we need schools in muno twetagamu amasomero. this area. Eki: Atee ebyobulamu? Qtn: What about health? Oku: Amalwaliro tegatumala. Ans: Hospitals are not enough even Ebikozesebwa mu malwaliro nabyo the facilities are not enough therefore tebimala. Kale batwongereyo they should extend services. obuyambi. Qtn: Here when you get sick where Eki: Wano bwe mulwala, mulagawa? do you go? Oku: Bukalagi, naye ebikozesebwa Ans: We go to Bukalagi, but we tetubirina, era tebiriiyo. dont have facilities and they are not Eki: Olina Omukazi na baana? enough. Oku: Nedda sirina. Qtn: Do you have a wife and Eki: Weddira ki? children? Oku: Ffumbe Ssebo. Ans: No, I dont have. Qtn: What is your clan? Ans: I belong to Ffumbe.

2 Tewopista Najjengo (47 years old) 2 Tewopista Najjengo (47 years old) Qtn: What is your occupation? Eki: Maama, okola mulimuki? Ans: A farmer. Oku: Ndi mulimi. Qtn: What do you plant? Eki: Olima biki? Ans I grow maize, groundnuts,and Oku: Niima Kasooli, binyebwa coffee. n’emwanyi. Qtn: You mean you dont have Eki: Ekitegeeza nti tolina bwavu? poverty? Oku: ……Obwavu bugya nga ebirime Ans: Poverty comes when our crops byaffe bifudde. 154 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

die. Eki: Obulamu obusanze otya? Qtn: How do you find life? Oku: Ebiseera ebimu obulwadde bujja. Ans: Sometimes sickness comes. Naddala mwami wange. Especially my husband. Eki: Buzibu ki obuli mu kitundu? Qtn: What problems are in this Oku: Twagwamu obuzibu bwomuzira. place? Ekirala, abasubuzi batudondola mu Ans: We befell a problem of storm. birime byaffe. Another thing the buyers give us little Eki: Obubbi bw’emwannyi bwo money in our crops. tebulimu? Qtn: Is there coffee thefty? Oku: Ffe tubadde tetunabufuna. Ans: We havent got that. Eki: Mulina mu ebibiina bya nakyewa? Qtn: Do you have some NGOs? Oku: Mwebiri. Era tugenda netuluka Ans: They are there we go and sew era ne tuyimba. and sing. Eki: Abasajja temubasanzemu buzibu Qtn: Haven’t you found any problems mu bintu byamwe bye mutunda? with men in your things which you Oku: Abamu batera okikola, naye nze sell? sikirina. Ans: Some do it often but me i dont Eki: Etamiiro liri ritya eno? have it. Oku: Etamiro teribadde mu nnyo. Qtn: How is drunkardness here? Era abakyala bbo tebanywa nnyo Ans: Drunkardness is not too much. mwenge muno omwafe. And women dont drink alcohol so Eki: Omuziro? much here. Oku: Neddira Nvubu, Ssebo. Qtn: Taboo? Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira aba Ans: Hippo sir. JICA? Qtn: What call do you pass to JICA? Oku: Batukolere oluguddo lwaffe. Ans: They should make our road. Eki: Maama wavaawa okujja Qtn: Mummy, where did you come okufumbirwa wano? from to come and get married here? Oku: Ewaffe Nsambwe mu Kyegonza, Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 155

Ans: Our home is in Nsambwe in era we wali abazadde bange. Kyegonza, and that is where my Omukyala ayagala okuddamu nga parents are. The woman wants to abuziddwa. Era alabika mu kozi respond when asked. And i think bulungi nnyo, kubanga tumusanze she is hardworking because we found munda mu mwannyi nga anoga, neba. her in the coffee plantation picking with her husband.

2 Emanuweri Katende 2 Emanuweri Katende (16 years old) (16 years old) Qtn: What do you do? Eki: Okola ki? Ans: I am lerning sewing and singing Oku: Njiga kutunga era n’okuyimba in the clubs of musicians. mu “clubs”za bayimbi. Qtn: Have you found any problems Eki: Osanze buzibu ku ggwe? on you? Oku: Obuzibu bwa sente. Bakadde Ans: The problem is money. Our baffe tebalina bulungi sente. parents donot have money well. Eki: Buzibu ki obuli mu kintundu kya Qtn: Which problems are in your mwe? place? Oku: Luguddo lwaffe lubi nyo. Ans: Our road is very bad. The Abasubuzi batunyigiriza nnyo nga merchants over press us when buing bagula ebintu byaffe. our goods. Eki: Olina omwana n’omukazi? Qtn: Do you have a child and a wife? Oku: Sirina mukazi era n’abaana, Ans: I dont have a wife and children kubanga ndi muto. because am still young. Eki: Oli mutabani wa muweeyi ono, Qtn: Are you a son to Muweeyi, the gwe tukusanze naye? one we have found you with? Oku: Jjajja nge. Taata wange ye Ans: He is my grandfather. My father mwami Katamba, ate maama wange is mr Katamba, and my mother is ye Nakimuli. 156 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Nakimuli. Eki: Abavubuka bamunno teba yigga Qtn: Young people of this area failed yigga? to learn? Oku: Abavubuka bangi bayigga era Ans: Young people of this area learnt banywa ku mwenge. Okutwaliza and takes some alcohol . in all in all , awamu, tebagala kukola. they dont want to work. Eki: Mulanga ki gw’obakubira abagaba Qtn: What call do you pass to obuyambi? agencies that give help? Oku: Nze mbadde njagala kudda mu Ans: Me I want to go back to school. somero. Atee abatasobla benyigire mu And those who are unable have murimu gy’okwekulakulannya. engaged in development. Eki: Weddira ki? Qtn: What is your clan? Oku: Lugave. Ans: I belong to Lugave clan. Ebikkatiriza: Omulenzi muto naye Note: This boy is young but knows amannyi kyayagala. Era afayo nnyo what he wants. And focuses on things ku bintu ebikulakulannya ekitundu. that bring development. He does not Tasoma. Sente zabula. study, there is no money.

3 Ssegugya Misaaki (63 years old) 3 Ssegugya Misaaki (63 years old) Qtn: What is your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki taata? Ans: I am a farmer. Oku: Ndi mulimi. Qtn: You grow which things? Eki: Olima bintu ki? Ans: I grow maize, coffee, beans and Oku: Nima kasooli, emwannyi, cabbages. ebijanjalo era ne mboga. Qtn: What challenges have you Eki: Ebintu by’olima ebyo, obisanze encountered in the things you plant? mu buzibu ki? Ans: The challenge is transporting Oku: Ebintu ebyo, entabuza nzibu. those things. They have no market Tebirina katale. Banaffe abatunonyeza and the people who try to find obutale tebajjumbira butale bwe Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 157

market failed and gave up. banonya era babivaako mangu. Eki: What would you like to say Eki: Ekyamakubo okyogerako ki? about roads? Oku: Amakubo simalungi. Ans: The roads are not good. Eki: Eby’obulamu obisanze otya mu Qtn: How do you find health in Saali? Saali? Oku: Eby’obulamu tebibadde bibi. Ans: The health system is not bad. Tubadde tubijjumbidde. We didnt neglect them. Eki: Bwe mulwala, temufuna buzibu Qtn: When you get sick, you dont mu malwaliro? find any challenge in hospitals? Oku: Okuva wano, ziri mayiro ttaano. Ans: From here to the place its Nakyo kibadde kizibu ekinyigiriza 5kilometers which has been a obulamu bwaffe obwa bulijjo. challenge in our day to day life. Eki: Eby’okulima tobisanzemu obuzibu? Qtn: Have not you found any Naddala okulimisa enkumbi? challenge in farming especially using Oku: Obuzibu mbusanze era baali a hoe? batusubiza kalakita, naye n’okutusa Ans: I have found many challenges kati, tetuzirabangako. and they had promised to give us a Eki: Etamiro teririmu mu kitundu tractor but upto date we have not got muno? one. Oku: Etamiro teririimu, era Qtn: There is no drunkardness in this gun’omulembe nga bw’ogulaba gwagala area? nnyo akola. Ans: There is no drunkardness in this Eki: Abantu bamuno sibalugogyamye? area as you can see this era loves Oku: Aaah……abantu bamuno bakozi work. nyo era muno omwaffe temuli birabo Qtn: Are people of this area not of bya mwenge era n’ebidduula temuli. your style? Eki: Weddira ki ssebo? Ans: The people of this era are not Oku: Ndi musajja njjovu. into styles all they want is to work. Eki: Bwo obwavu obulaba otya? 158 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: What is your clan? Oku: Ebiseera ebyayita nali bulungi Ans: Am a man of elephant clan. nga nina sente, nga kyavuba, naye Qtn: How do you see poverty? kati amannyi sikyagalina. Ans: Time has passed i was okay Eki: Olina abakyala bameka? when I had money but now I Oku: Nina abakyala babiri n,abaana nolonger do fishing because I dont bana (4)Musanyufu. have energy. Ebikkatiriza: Ali ne bakazibe babiri Qtn: How many wives do you have? n’abaana be. Ennyumba yagwako Ans: I have two wives and four oludda, era awaka waliwo ennyumba children. ezessubi nyinji ko. Alabika mulamu Notes: His very happy with his wife bulungi, era affuba okuddamu and children. The house fell off one ebibbuzo. Alabika ekyalo kye ayagala side, at home there very many grass kikulakulane. thatched houses. He looks fine and tries to answer all the questions. He would like to see his village develop.

5 Dan Balizakiwa Ssemambo 5 Dan Balizakiwa Ssemambo (33 years old) (33 years old) Qtn: What is your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki Ssebo? Ans: I am a farmer and also a Oku: Ndi mulimi era ndi musubuzi. business man. Eki: Tolina kifo kya buvunanyizibwa Qtn: You don’t have any important kyonna? place? Oku: Nze Ssentebe wa LC I Makokwa, Ans: I am the LC1 Makokwa, and ate era nze Ssentebe wa Movementi chairperson NRM of Saali Parish. wa Saali ng’omuluka. Qtn: Chairperson what challenges Eki: Ssentebe, buzibu ki bw’osanze have you met from the people you n’abantu bo b’okulembera? lead? Oku: Abantu bagala okukola kyokka Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 159

Ans: People would like to work tebalina ntandikwa ya bikozessebwa. though they don’t have tools for Okugeza nga kalakita. Ensonga exampke tractor. Another issue is endala. Ebirime byafe tebirina butale that our crops don’t have market due olwamakubo amabi ennyo. Obuzibu to poor roads. Another problem is obulala, abantu baffe babadde that people had started to practice bajumbidde okola obuyonjo, naye era good health but it has failed. abamu bakyali bagayaavu. Qtn: Your not affected by the Eki: Enkyuka kyuka y’obude era weather changes? n’embeera embi, tebibakoseza? Ans: The weather changes have Oku: Enkyuka kyuka y’obudde affected us a lot and aslo heavey etukoseza nyo ddala. N’e enkuba rains plus drought. etonya nnyo neyitiriza era n’ekyeeya. Qtn: How have you managed to Oku: Musobodde mutya okukunga empower young people? abavubuka? Ans: We have tried to empower the Eki: Abavubuka tufuba okubakunga, young people but its not easy because naye twesanze nga sibangu nyo. Era they are very lazy and don’t put bakyalimu obugayaavu. Era tebassa things into action. bintu munkola. Qtn: How have you found their Eki: Obasanze otya mu mpisa zaabwe? behaviour? Oku: Abavubuka abamu babadde Ans: There is rise in theft among the mu obubbi obugenze ewala, naye kati young people though we have tried to tugezezaako okubakangavula. punish them. Eki: Ekitegeeza muyinza Qtn: You mean they might misuse okulyazamanya ne ntandikwa ebeera the capital incase its given to them? abawereddwa? Ans: We have tried to empower Oku: Abavubuka tufubye them and therefore most of them are okubabulirira, era abasinga obungi trustworthy. I believe they can use bantu balamu. Era ensimbi nsubira the money in the right way. bayinza okuzikozesa obulungi. 160 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: How is the security of this area? Eki: Eby’okwerinda bili bitya munno? Ans: Its not bad at all because we as Oku: Tebibadde bibi nnyo, kubanga the citizens have tried to maintain the ffe abatuuze, era naba LDU, tubadde security with the LDU. tufubye okutebenkeza ekyalo. Qtn: Don’t you think being a Eki: Okwegomba, olowooza, Ssentebe, chairperson does not cause you nakwo tekulina engeri gyekuntuletedde temptations that may lead you into obuzibu? problem? Oku: Okwegomba kwo kuli munsi Ans: Temptations are all over the yonna, era abavubuka, muno omwaffe, world, and young people in this area begomba nnyo nga ate n’okola emirimu admire a lot yet they don’t want to egyivamu sente tabagyagala. work. Eki: Singa bafuna ekintu ekiyinza Qtn: If at all they innovated okubanguyiza okulima, olowooza something that would teach you tekyandibadde kirungi? how to dig, do you think it would be Oku: Singa bafuna ekintu ekiyinza good? okubayamba, nga kalakita, oba Ans: If they could get us tools like okuwolebwa ensimbi, nga tewali tractors to help us or money without bukwakulizo. conditions. Eki: Kakati eby’okusoma biri bitya Qtn: How is the education system? munno? Ans: Here we have only two schools Oku: Munno tulina amasomero abiri. so if at all we are helped by JICA Kyoka singa tuyambibwa JICA, ne and we get ironsheets and complete tuddukirirwa, ne tufuna amabaati ne the construction of our house. tumaliriza essomero lyaffe lyetuzimba Qtn: What call do you put forward to kuno. JICA? Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira JICA? Ans: I woukd like us to be supported Oku: Nsaba tudukirirwe naddala especially in the education system. mu bye njigiriza, munno omwaffe. Another thing is that they construct Omulanga omulala, batukolere Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 161

for us roads. amakubo. Qtn: Do you have a wife plus Eki: Olina omukazi n’omwana? children? Oku: Yee……Nina omukyala omu Ans: Yes I have a wife plus 8 n’abaana munaana. children. Eki: Weddira ki? Qtn: What is your clan? Oku: Neddira Njovu. Ans: I belong to the Elephant clan. Ebikkatiriza: Omusajja ono mumanyi. Notes: I know this man, his the Ye Ssentebbe we kyalo Makokwa LC I. chairperson of Makokwa LC1. And Ate era, ye Ssentebbe wa Muvumenti. also NRM chairperson too. He Ategeera bulungi byayogera era understands a lot and would like to ayagala ekitundu kye okukulakulana. see development in his village. He Byayogera abimanyi, era alabika looks young and we found him at his muvubuka muto mundabika. father’s place. Tumusaze wa mukaddewe omusajja.

6 Harriet Nassozi (23 years old) 6 Harriet Nassozi (23 years old) Qtn: What is your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki wano? Ans: I am a farmer and also married. Oku: Ndi mulimii era ndi mufumbo. Qtn: What challenges have you found Eki: Obufumbo obusanze mu buzibu in marriage? ki? Ans: The challenge is of poverty. I Oku: Obuzibu bwa bwavu. Sirina don’t have another job apart from mulimu mulala gwe nkola, okujjako farming and even what I grow is okulima. Ate nga ne bye nima, embizi eaten up by wild pigs. z’omunsiko zibirya (zitutegannya). Qtn: How do you find home and Eki: Eby’omumaka byo obisanze otya your husband? n’omusajjawo? Ans: Me and my husband understand Oku: Omusajja wange, tutegeragana each other very well. Just that the bulungi. Wabula obwavu bwe buzibu. problem is of poverty. Eki: Ensonga y’abakyala okubeera 162 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: The issue is with the women abalyazamanyi kiyinza okubeeranga that they are not trustworthy which nakyo kizibu ekibalemeseza has limited them from getting capital, entandikwa. Okyogerako ki? what do you have to say about that? Oku: Abakyala abatukulembera kyo Ans: Its true the women that kituufu. Babadde balya entandikwa have been our leaders have been yaffe. Ffe abawansi ne tutafuna. consuming our money and us not Eki: Mwe k’ozeemu obubiina bwa being given. bakyala? Qtn: Have you come up with women Oku: Yee Ssebo. Obubiina tubukoze, circles? naye ekyaffe twakakiro. Kipya. Ans: Yes sir, we have the circles but Eki: Kirina bigendererwa ki? we have just opened ours. Its new. Oku: Okutandika okuluka eby’emikono Qtn: What is the aim of your circle? era n’okuyimba ne mizannyo. Ans: Doing hand crafts, acting and Eki: Abaana bo, basoma bonna? also singing. Oku: Obwana bukyali buto. Buli Qtn: Do the children study? bubiri. Ans: The children are still young and Eki: Osanze buzibu ki bw’obadde they are 2. n’abaana bo bano? Qtn: What challnges have you met Oku: Abaana balwala. being with those children? Eki: Abaana bwe balwala, obatwala Ans: The children are girls. wa okubajanjaba? Qtn: When the children get sick were Oku: Mbatwala Bukalagi. do you take them for treatment? Eki: Naye okubatwala ebukalagi Ans: I take them to Bukalagi. temusanze obuzibu? Qtn: You have not found a challenge Oku: Obuzibu tubusanze, kubanga taking them to Bukalagi? olugendo lunene nnyo. Olumu abaana Ans: The challenge we find of long obulwadde bw’eyongera, nga tubatwala distances. And at times there is rise ate nga tetulina entambula. of children sickness and no means of Eki: Ggwe obadde okuba mulanga ki Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 163

transportation. okubalongoseza embeera eyo, embi Qtn: What call do pass to the people nnyo? you want to come and clear this Oku: Nze mbadde nsaba eddwaliro problem? balituletere kuno era n’obuyambi Ans: I would like them to build bwonna obusanidde obulamu bwaffe. for us hospitals here and other Ensonga endala, embizi z’omunsiko necessary needs. Another problem is zitutawannya. disturbance from world pigs. Eki: Omutindo gwa masomero guli Qtn: How is the level of Education gutya? here? Oku: Amasomero agasinga muno Ans: Most schools here have just omwaffe gakatandika. Gakyetaga started and still new. obuyambi. Qtn: They have told us that you Eki: Namwe abazadde batugambye nti parents have not played your roles. temukoze buvunanyizibwa bwamwe. what do you say about this? Gwe okyogerako ki? Ans: Me I don’t know because I don’t Oku: Nze sibimanyi nyo, kubanga have a child who schools and even at sirina mwana asoma. Wadde ewaka home they are not there. tewali baana basoma. Qtn: How do you find the problem of Eki: Ku nsonga y’obuwuka coffee wilt? bw’emwannyi. Mu gyiraba mutya? Ans: My cry is that the coffee wilt/ Oku: Omulanga gwe nkuba kunsonga diseases have affected us a lot and I y’obuwuka bw’emwannyi, butuyisa think they should bring us coffee that bubi nnyo. Kale batuletere emwannyi can withstand the state of our land ezigumira embeera. Era n’ettaka and weather like colonal coffee. awamu n’emwannyi ezigumira obuwuka. Qtn: What is your clan? Nga zino eza colonal coffee. Ans: I belong to elephant clan. Eki: Weddira ki, maama? Notes: He looks young and Oku: Neddira Njovu. hardworking . also cares about Ebikkatiriza: Alabika mukazi muto, 164 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

everyone. He tried to answer despite era mukozi afayo ku bantu. Era the fact that he didn’t know most of atunnyonyodde bulungi nnyo. Wadde the things . we found him coming ebintu ebimu abadde tabimanyi. Era from the father’s garden. nga tabifaako. Musanze eva kulima ewa taata we.

7 Rose Ndibazza (30 Years old) 7 Rose Ndibazza (30 Years old) Qtn: What is your clan? Eki: Weddira ki? Ans: I belong to Ngonge Clan. Oku: Neddira Ngonge. Qtn: What is your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: I am a farmer and also married. Oku: Ndi mulimi ate nga ndi Qtn: What challenges have you met mufumbo. in marriage? Eki: Kati, obufumbo, obulabye mu oba Ans: I have not met many challenges obusanzemu buzibu ki? may be poverty. Oku: Sirina nnyo buzibu bwe nsanze, Qtn: What has brought poverty? wabula obwavu bwetulina. Ans: In our area there no roads and Eki: Kiki ekireese obwavu? our crops loose value from the house. Oku: Ekitundu kyaffe temuli bulungi Qtn: What other problems? makubo. Naddala ebirime byaffe Ans: We don’t have near by schools biddibira mu nju. which makes it harder for our Eki: Ate obuzibu obulala? children. Oku: Tetulina masomero gatuli kumpi. Qtn: Those that are far, do they have Kale abaana bakalubirirwa. scholarstics? Eki: Ago agali ewala, ebikozesebwa Ans: Yes they have sir. mwebiri? Qtn: Has the government supported Oku: Yee, mwebiri Ssebo. its works? Eki: Gavumenti ewaggidde enkola Ans: Yes sir, it has supported. yaayo? Qtn: Have you planted crops inorder Oku: Yee Ssebo, ewagidde. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 165

to harvest children’s needs? Eki: Mwe, olubimbi lwamwe mulukoze. Ans: Yes sir, we have tried. Another Okugula ebyetago bya baana? issue is that we don’t have near by Oku: Yee Ssebo. Tufuba era hospitals , we have to travel 5 miles tugezezaako. Obuzibu obulala. Tulina to access one therefore it would eddwaliro liri wala nyo mu mayilo be better if they construct for us a taano (5). Kale singa batufunira hospital in our village. eddwaliro ku kyalo, ekyo kijja Qtn: Madam, where did you come to kutuyamba nnyo. marry from here? Eki: Maama wavaa wa okujja kuno Ans: I came from Mityana. okufumbirwa? Qtn: How long have you stayed in Oku: Nava Singo (Mityana). marriage? Eki: Obufumbo obumazeemu banga ki? Ans: I have spent 13 years in Oku: Obufumbo mbumazeemu emyaka marriage. kumi ne satu (13). Qtn: Do you have distant relatives? Eki: Olina abantu bo abesudde ebbali? Ans: Yes sir I have them. Oku: Yee. Ssebo, mbalina. Notes: She is a married woman, wife Ebikkatiriza: Omukyala mufumbo. to Makokwa LC1 and knows the Alina ensonga nungi. Ayagala nnyo village problems. okwanukula. Alabika abimanyi ebizibu by’ekyalo. Mukyala wa Ssentebe wa Makokwa LCI.

8 Yowana Batisita Nsubuga 8 Yowana Batisita Nsubuga (81 years old) (81 years old) Qtn: What is your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki, muzeeyi? Ans: I was a teacher but now retired. Oku: Nali musomesa naye kati I teach old people from home. nawumula. Era nsomesa bantu Qtn: How do you find teachers in bakulu awaka wange. your school that you started? Eki: Bbo abasomesa obasanze otya mu 166 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: I have very few teachers but somero lyo lino lye watandika? the head master is looking for more Oku: Abasomesa mbadde ninawo teachers. abatono, naye nga omukulu w’esomero Qtn: How have parents supported ye yabanoonya. you in your work that your doing? Eki: Abazadde babadde bakuyambye Ans: The parents have not fully batya ku mulimu guno omunene bwe helped me because they dont have guti? money. Oku: Abazadde babadde tebannyamba Qtn: How do you plan to get bulungi era obusente tebekubiriza scholarstics like Chalk, timber among bulungi, wadde Abamu, akasente others? babadde bakagezezaako oku kaleeta. Ans: The chalk that they have been Eki: Ebintu ebikola ku somero using , its me who brought. It had ng’enoni, embawo, mu saze magezi ki been given to me as a gift and even okubifuna? the timber its me who bought it. Oku: Enoni nze naziretta ezatandika. Qtn: Your from which tribe? Nali nazifuna nga akasimo. Bbokkisi Ans: I am a Muganda from Kasubi. namba. Kale eyo gyebabadde Qtn: What is your clan? bakozesa, era n’embawo ezo ze Ans: I belong to Mmamba Clan. bawandikirako nze nazigula wamu ne Qtn: Do you have a wife and zebatulako. children? Eki: Olimusajja wa ggwanga ki? Ans: I have a wife and 3 children Oku: Ndi Muganda owe Kasubi. Qtn: Do you have relatives in Eki: Weddira ki? Makokwa village? Oku: Neddira Mmamba. Qtn: I have relatives in Kyaddondo in Eki: Olina omukyala n’abaana? Kira parish. Oku: Mulina, n’abaana basatu (3). Qtn: When did you come here? Eki: Ku kyalo Makokwa, olina ko Ans: I came here in 1950. ab’enganda? Notes: The man is old and so Oku: Aboluganda bange bali Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 167

knowledgeable. He started a school Kyaddondo mu gombolola ye Kira. in Makokwa LC1 in Saali . But the Eki: Kuno wajjako ddi? school is in a poor condition. His a Oku: Mumwaka gwa lukumimulwenda teacher and teaches the old though kyenda mwe taano. his retired. Ebikkatiriza: Musajja mukulu bulungi. Akyalina amagezi. Yatandika esomero e Makokwa LCI mu Saali (omuluka). Naye essomero liri mu mbeera mbi nnyo. Musomes, asomesa bakulu, kyokka yawumula.

9 Moses Kawanga (30 years old) 9 Moses Kawanga (30 years old) Qtn: What is your occupation. What Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Oba roles do you have at school? buvunanyizibwa ki musomero Ans: I am the headmaster of the bw’olina? school. Oku: Nze mukulu we ssomero. Qtn: What problems have you met in Eki: Buzibu ki bw’olaba musomero school according to the way it looks? lino nga bwe tuliraba lifanana? Ans: The most challenging thing is Oku: Ekisokera ddala, abazadde that the parents dont want to come tebajja kuteesa nga mu bayise mu for meetings. Another problem is nkiiko. Ensonga endala, tebasasula that they dont pay fees for their bulungi bisale bya baana baabwe. children the way they are supposed Eki: Otemye ku mpanda oz’okufuna to. obuyambi? Qtn: Have you tried ways of getting Oku: Yee. Ngezezaako okutema support? empenda eri abakulu mu govumenti, Ans: Yes I have tried reaching out to era omwaka ogugya nsubira bajja the big people in government and I kutuyamba. expect them to help out next year. Eki: Kakati gwe okubira mulanga ki 168 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: What call do pass to JICA who aba kitongole kya JICA abaze okulaba have come to check how the school esomero bwe rifanana? looks? Oku: Abekitongole kino, mbasaba Ans: I call upon the organization to batuwe obuyambi obwa mabaati, help us with ironsheets, books, and ebitabo, ebitulwako era n’embawo even the timbers are finished. eziwandikibwako. Qtn: Does the school have land? Eki: Esomero lirina ettaka? Ans: Yes sir, the Church gave us. Oku: Yee Ssebo. E Kanisa yatuwa Qtn: Do children study well and also yiika bbiri (2). able to grasp? Eki: Bbo abaana basoma bulungi era Ans: Yes sir, the children study well bakwata? and are also able to grasp. Oku: Yee. Ssebo, abaana basoma Qtn: How many children do you bulungi era bakwata. have? Eki: Olina abaana bameka? Ans: I have children more than 87. Oku: Nina abaana basuka mu kinana Qtn: Is your job good? mumusanvu. Ans: Yes sir the job is very good Eki: Omulimu gubadde mulungi? according to the years it has existed. Oku: Yee. Ssebo omulimu mu lungi Qtn: I stops on which class? ddala. Okusinzira ku banga bye limaze. Ans: It stops with primary four. Eki: Likoma ku bibiina bimeka? Qtn: What is your clan? Oku: Likome ku bibiina bina (4). Ans: I belong to Nvuma Clan. Eki: Omuziro taata? Notes: The headmaster of Makokwa Oku: Neddira Nvuma. Kimanya Primary School loks good Ebikkatiriza: Omukulu we ssomero lya and knowledgeable. It seems like he Makokwa Kimanya Primary School. has lost hope according to the school Alabika mutegeevu. Ategeera byakola and parents. So determined when wadde ng’alabika aweddemu amanyi responding to questions. okusiziira ku somero era nabazadde. Mumalirivu ng’addamu ebibuuzo. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 169

10 Eroni Nantanda (19 years old) 10 Eroni Nantanda (19 years old) Qtn: What do you do here? Eki: Okola ki wano? Ans: I teach. Oku: Nsomesa. Qtn: What challenges have you met Eki: Okusomesa okusanzemu buziu ki in teaching? nga ggwe? Ans: The problem is that they dont Oku: Obuzibu bwe nsanza, abazadde pay fees for their children the way balwawo okusasula ebisale. they are supposed to. Eki: Olowooza kivudde ku ki? Qtn: What do you think is the cause? Oku: Batugamba nti obwavu bungi. Ans: They tell us that Poverty. Eki: Biki ebireese obwavu obwo Qtn: What has caused the poverty abazadde bwe bakaaba? that parents are complaining about? Oku: Nze ndoowaza nti tebakola. Era Ans: I think they dont work and abamu tebagala kukola Ssebo. others just dont want to work. Eki: Obuzibu obulala obadde obulaba Qtn: Were else do find problems wa ng’ogyeko eby’esomero? apart from school? Oku: Nze sibulaba okujja obwo bwe Ans: I dont see any, apart from what nkuwadde. I told you. Ebikkatiriza: Musomesa naye Notes: His a teacher but flexible. He simukalubo. Era byayogera alinga responds but not so sure on every atabyekakasa. Talabika ng’omuntu statement that he makes. omujagujjagu. Era teyekakasa munsonga ze.

11 Tereeza Najja (63 years old) 11 Tereeza Najja (63 years old) Qtn: Madam, how have you found Eki: Maama, obulamu bwo obusanze life? otya? Ans: Life is too bad, am a very poor Oku: Obulamu bubi ddala. Ndi woman. I dont have children or any mukazi munaku. Sirina mwana relative. wadde omuntu wange yenna. 170 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: Is your man aaround or dead? Eki: Omusajja wo waali, oba yaffa? Ans: I left him a long time ago when Oku: Nze namuvaako ng’a nkulusanya he started mistreating me, beating nga kyalina emyaka abiri. Nga and denying me food. ndyako emmere, era n’okunkuba. Qtn: For how long have you Eki: Emyaka emeka nga mwawukanye? separated? Oku: Kati emyaka ng’asatu (30) Ans : Its like thirty years and beyond n’omusobyo ngatwawukanye. since we separated. Eki: Kati tolina mwana wano? Qtn: Now you don’t have any child Oku: Saazaala. here? Eki: Tolina bantu bo bonna bajjako Ans: I didn’t produce. wano? Qtn: You don’t have relatives that Oku: Sirina muntu wange n’omu. came here? Nasigala bw’omu munsi. Ans: I don’t have any relative, am Eki: Kati ggwe olaba biki ebitukubye left alone in this world. obwavu? Qtn: What do you see that have Oku: Ekireese obwavu naddala caused poverty? kuludda lwange, nze sekolera. Ndi Ans: What has caused poverty to mu lwadde. Banongosa dda, nga me is that I don’t work because I am mu lukumi mukyenda mumukagga. sick. I was operated in 1996 up to Nabuli kati sisobola kukola. date I cannot work. Eki: Gavamenti zonna ezibaddewo Qtn: For have all the government ozeyagaliddemu? regimes that have come into power, Oku: Nze sifunanga mulembe have you enjoyed anything? gunyigiriza. Gavumenti zonna Ans: In have not beet in any regime nzeyagaliddemu. that has pressed me so I have Eki: Maama, weddira ki? enjoyed all of them. Oku: Neddira Ndiga. Qtn: What is your clan? Ebikkatiriza: Maama alabika Ans: I belong to lamb clan. yetamiddwa ensi. Abantu be baafa. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 171

Notes: The old woman looks like she Yasigala munyumba, ate teyazaala is fed up of this world, she remained mwana nomu. Ayagala okwanukula. alone since she never gave birth and Alabika asubira obuyambi oluvanyuma all her relatives passed on. lw’okwogera embeera y’embi.

12 Aidah Nanono (21 years old) 12 Aidah Nanono (21 years old) Qtn: What is your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: I sell alcohol here. Oku: Kati ntunda mwenge wano. Qtn: Are you married? Eki: Oli mufumbo? Ans: I was married but failed in Oku: Nedda Ssebo. Nali nfumbiddwa, marriage, thats why I left and started naye obufumbo bwanema. Kwe selling alcohol at our home. kuvaayo n’entandika okutunda ku Qtn: What problems have you met mwenge wano ewaffe. up to date? Eki: Buzibuki bw’osanze okutuka wano Ans: The problem I met is that the woli? man I had produced a kid with didnt Oku: Obuzibu bwe nsanze, omusajja have money and was mistreating me wange gwe nali nafumbirwa yali talina then I left. sente ate nga muzaddemu omwana. Qtn: Who is the owner of the place Nga mbonyabonya. Kwe kuvaayo your in? n’enzira wano. Ans: I am at my father’s place but Eki: Kati wano waani wooli? he died. And my mother is there at Oku: Ndi wakitange, naye nga kitange Bukandula. yafa. Ate maama ali eyo Bukandula. Qtn: What problem has really made Ye mulamu. this area to lag behind? Eki: Buzibu ki obusinze okuddiriza Ans: Poverty. embeera yafe, naddale mukitundu Qtn: What has caused it? muno? Ans: Jobs are scarce. Oku: Bwavu. Qtn: Fish has money, why dont you Eki: Nga buvudde kuki? 172 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

invest in it? Oku: Emirimu tegyirabika kuno. Ans: They purchase them but dont Eki: Ebyenyanja birimu sente. Lwaki know why they are not profitable. tebabijumbira? Qtn: You have not come up with Oku: Babisubura, naye tebafuna saving circles to develop your selves? bulungi. Simanyi oba lwaki? Ans: We dont have determined Eki: Mwe temwetereddewo bibiina bya women who can lead us. kwe kulakulanya? Qtn: What call do you pass to the Oku: Aah……tetulina nnyo supporting agencies? bakazi bakakalukannyi bayinza Ans: They get for us jobs so that we kutukulembera. also develop. Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira abagabi Qtn: What is your clan? b’obuyambi? Ans: I belong to the leopard clan. Oku: Batunonyeze ku mirimu ng’enjo naffe tusobole okwekulakulannya. Eki: Omuziro gwo? Oku: Neddira Ngo.

Book 9 Book 9 Luganda 1 Ssegujja Lawrence (34 years old) 1 Ssegujja Lawrence (34 years old) Qtn: What is your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: I am a Farmer. Oku: Ndi mulimi. Qtn: Things of which kind do you Eki: Olima bintu nga ki? dig? Oku: Bijanjalo, kasooli, mwannyi, era Ans: Beans, maize, coffee and that is nga mwetusiinga okufuna kasente. where we get much of our money. Eki: Kiki ekireettedde ebirime ebirala Qtn: What has led lack of market to obutafuuka bya ntuunzi mukitundu other produce in other area? muno? Ans: We don’t know why the price is Oku: Ffe tetumanyi lwaki ebeeyi yabyo fluctuating. Even the price of Coffee ekyuka kyuka. Era ne mwannyi, Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 173

keeps on fluctuating (sudden changes ebeeyi ekyuka. Naye zo, kale kale. in prices). Eki: Kakati buzibu ki obulala? Qtn: Now what other problem? Oku: Amakubo mabi nnyo. Twetaaga Ans: The roads are too bad; we need ebigomo. culverts in swampy areas so that we Eki: Atee ebyenjigiriza mukitundu can transport our produce to other kino? places. Oku: Amasomero simabi, naye Qtn: What about education in the omutindo gwa abanna simulungi. area? Eki: Eby’amalwaliro byo biri bitya, era Ans: Not so bad, but the standard of ebikola, mwebiri? children is not modern. Oku: Amalwaliro, tubaddeyo ne Qtn: What about the health unit, do Kanoni era ne Bukalagi. Ebikola they have all the facilities? bibaddemu ebisaamu saamu, naye nga Ans: We have hospitals in Kanoni tebimala. Era tetulina ba dakitaali. and Bukalagi. The health facilities are Eki: Owagidde ebya bonna basome? there but not enough. Oku: Eby’enjigiriza tebibadde bibi Qtn: Have you supported the nnyo, naye ensoma y’abaana tenaba ya universal primary education (free mulembe. education per four children in each Eki: Enkola eya bonna basome, family) fully? mujjijjumbidde? Ans: The education system is not bad Oku: Enkola eyo tujjijjumbidde, era just that bthe children are not yet up etuyambyeko. Era naffe ne twekeemba to the standards. mu ku zimba ebizimbe. Era ne Qtn: Have you benefited from the govument etuyambye nnyo. programme? Eki: Wabadde wo okwemulugunnya nti Ans: That programme has benefited abazadde olubimbi lwamwe, ku nkola us very much and we have involved eno, temu lulimye. Olina ky’oyogera ourselves in building new structures ku nsonga eno? and the government has helped us a Oku: Olubimbi tululimye. Ffe, 174 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

lot. “blocks” tuzikkubye ate ne bitundu Qtn: There is a complain that even abiri mw’ebitaano ku buli kikumi you parents you have to say on this ebiva ku kyalo biwereddwa. Era ne issue? bigenda okuzimba amasomero gaffe. Ans: We have fulfilled our work like (25%) = 30,000= (Uganda shillings). making bricks and contributing 25% Eki: Abantu bamuno, bbo bagala (30,000/= in Ugandan shilling) to okukola? boast the work. Oku: Bagala, naye emirimu Qtn: Do people of this place want to tegyirabika bulungi. work really? Eki: Abavubuka bbo bekunze batya? Ans: They want, but they don’t see Oku: Abavubuka babadde tebataddewo jobs. bibiina, kubanga bagwamu amanyi Qtn: How have the youths mobilized olwe’bibiina ebigabi by’obuyumbi themselves? ebya sooka okujja. Era ne sente ze Ans: They haven’t mobilized small ntandikwa ezagabwa. groups because of the past NGOs, Eki: Obwavu bututaddeko bulabe oba the youths never achieved in them bisago ki mu kitundu kyamwe kino? anything. Even the “entandikwa” Oku: Omuntu bw’oba omwavu oyinza scheme they never got any money. okuffiira mukyalo nga tolina na muntu Qtn: What injuries has the incidence wadde mmotoka kutwala mu dwaliro. of poverty caused in your area? Era olw’obwavu, amakubo gaffe kye Ans: If a person you are very poor gavudde gafa okutuka ku ngeri gye of the highest order, you can get sick galimu kati. and fail to get means of reaching to Eki: Ggwe, mulanga ki, gw’obadde the healthy-unit and at the end you okubira aba JICA? can die in the village. And bad roads Oku: Nze mbadde nsaba batuyambe too also contribute to our poverty. ku makubo. Ebizibu ebirala bijja ku Qtn: What call can you make to gonjoka. JICA people on that matter? Eki: Eby’okwerinda biri bitya eno Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 175

Ans: I beg JICA to construct for us ewamwe? good roads, neat work may be other Oku: Eby’okwerinda bibadde bulungi problems can be solved in that way. ddala, naye olwenjala, tutandise Qtn: How is security in your place? okufuna obubbi bwe mmere. Ans: On the side of security we are Eki: Mwe ngabavubuka, mutandise wo alright but because of famine, there is ebibina? theft of food in people, gardens. Oku: Neda ssebo, twagwamu essubi Qtn: You as the youths have you set era bulilyomu yekozesa. up small groups? Eki: Ku bye ndwadde ya muwogo Ans: No, the youths have lost hope n’emwanyi, abantu babadde bakaaba in those small groups and everybody eno. Ewamwe kiri kitya? work on hisown. Oku: Ewaffe emwanyi zigenda Qtn: On the cassava mosaic and kutugwako, era ne muwogo agengewala coffee wilt disease what do you have yenna. Tetu kyalina mmere. to say? Eki: Singa mufuna obuyambi bwa Ans: Haaaa...... this way we are badly kalakita, temwa ndi gya gadde? off on the side of food because all Oku: Tugyagala era tuyinza the shamba of cassava have been okugyikozesa obulungi. Era tusaba destroyed plus the coffee plantations. bagyitufunire ku busente obutono. Qtn: If you get tractors don’t you Eki: Obulamu obusanze otya okuva lwe think that you can improve on your wakula? work? Oku: Obulamu bwo tebubadde bubi, Ans: We want them very much and naye enkeyera zo tezibulamu. I request those concerned t get them Eki: Weddira ki, Ssebo? for us on very little prices (hiring). Oku: Neddira Njovu. Qtn: How have you meet life till Ebikkatiriza: Mr. Ssegujja ali now? mumbeera nungi ddala. Ayagala Ans: Life has not been so bad. kyakola, era musajja mulungi. Afayo Qtn: Your clan? ku kyalo kye olw’ebirowoozo byawa. 176 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: Njovu clan. Ewaka we walungi. Enyumba ya Notes: Mr. Sseguya is in a good bulooka. Waliwo n’olusuku olulabika healthy and now what he is talking. nti lubulamu ebigyimisa. His house is made out of bricks surrounded by a banana plantation although it locks fertilizers in it.

2 Fred Kibuuka (25 years old) 2 Fred Kibuuka (25 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: Farmer. Oku: Ssebo, ndi mulimi. Qtn: You dig thing of which kind? Eki: Olima bintu bya kikaa ki? Ans: I dig things like beans, maize, Oku: Nima ebijanjalo, kasooli, coffee and tomatoes. emwannyi era n’ennyany. Qtn: That means you are not poor? Eki: Ekitegeeza nti tolina bwavu? Ans: I am poor of the highest order. Oku: Obwavu nina bungi nnyo. Qtn: Poverty of which kind? Eki: Bwavu bwa kika ki? Ans: Poverty is of many kinds, but Oku: Obwavu bwa bika bingi nnyo. to me it comes to bad roads, which Naye nze obunuma, buva ku nguddo. cause vehicles not to reach this way Emmotoka tezisobola to collect our produce. kujja kutwala birime byaffe. Ebyo bye Qtn: But the years in which I see you nkugabye waggulu. I come to conclude that even other Eki: Naye mu myaka gye nkulabamu, youths do hunt is it true? abavubuka bamuno mu yigga. Sibwe Ans: The youths don’t practice guli? hunting at all and they have never Oku: Ffe tetuli bayizzi nakatono, era tried that work. omulimu ogwo abavubuka bakuno Qtn: What about ignorance in the ggwe batakolerako ddala. area may be can be also a cause to Eki: Ate obutamannya buli butya mu poverty? kitundu kino? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 177

Ans: There is ignorance mainly Oku: Obutamanya kyo wekiri, to some youths and it has also naye nga kiri mu bavubuka bamu. accounted our state of being poor. Abasinga babadde bakozi, naye Qtn: What call do you have to donor ng’amaanyi gaba ggwamu lwa kubulwa Agencies on the above issues? butale. Ans: Is to help us in constructing Eki: Mulanga ki ggwo kubira abagabi good roads that can bring vehicles b’obuyambi ku songa ezo zowadde? which buy our produce may be in Oku: Nze mbadde nsaba batuyambe, that way which poverty away by naddala ku ngundo ezireeta having some money in our pocket. emmotoka, okulaba nga bagula ebirime Next call is to get us Agro-chemical byaffe. Ensonga endala. Tufune ku shops in our place an don little prices. madduuka ge ddagala ly’ebirime ku Qtn: Do you have a wife and sente ensamusamu. children? Eki: Olina omukyala n’abaana? Ans: I have one child and a wife. Oku: Ssebo mbalina. Omwana omu, Qtn: What problems have you era n’omukyala omu. encountered to look after your Eki: Buzibu ki bw’osanze ng’olabirira family? family (amaka go)? Ans: The problem is lack of money Oku: Obuzibu bwa ssente, n’obulwadde and persist ant sickness to me ate nga ndi mwavu. (father). Eki: Olina ab’oluganda ebbali? Qtn: Do you have your relatives Oku: Mbalina, Ssebo. aside? Eki: Nsonga ki eretedde abantu baffe Ans: I have them. obutajumbira nkola eno eya kizaala Qtn: What reason has led the people ggumba, gwe mukulaba kwo? Ate not to practice family planning may nga nakyo kirina engeri gye kireesemu be can also contribute to our poverty? obwavu? Ans: The reason is that, they Oku: Abantu abamu besigula emmere (parents0 have the hope for food they gye balima. Ne yesigula nti, kasita 178 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

dig, that is the plenty of food can he alina emmere. able to fee them. Eki: Ate obutamanya? Olowooza Qtn: Don’t you think that even nabwo tebulina kinene nnyo kye ignorance have contributed to family buzannye? planning? Oku: Ekyo kitunfu. Obuyigirize nayo Ans: It is true because that idea eyinza okubeera ensonga. Anti ne bye of family planning has just been nzaala eyo kizaala ggumba byakajja. introduced when we have already Ffe nga tumazze okuzaala abaana produced many children. bangi. Qtn: Some people believe that having Eki: Abantu abamu bagamba nti many children is a prestige to them, abaana abangi, okubazaala, obeera ne but how do you have to say on this? kitibwa. Gwe ogamba otya? Ans: I know that even though you Oku: Nze ngamba nti, omwana ne produce one child you can get the bwa beera omu, akuweesa ekitiibwa. prestige and can be able to educate Singa oba omusomeseza. him or her. Eki: Mukulu, mbadde nsaba owumbe Qtn: I want you to summarize with a wumbe n’omulanga mu byoyogedde. call on what you have talked. Oku: Nsaba aba JICA batuyambe ku Ans: I request JICA to construct makubo. Batusembereze n’amalwaliro. roads to us other problems like lack Eki: Weddira ki Ssebo? of market, having enough health units Oku: Neddira Ndiga. will be solved. Ebikkatiriza: Omulenzi muto. Alina Qtn: Clan? akadduuka. Addamu ebibuuzo Ans: Ndiga clan. bulungi, era ayagala. Alina amagezi, Notes: He is young, running a small okusinzira engeri gya ddamu ebibuuzo. shop, talk sense, he has just married. Alabika ya kawasa mukazi we omu. He is very bright according to what is talking. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 179

3 Mbabazi Julius (17 years old) 3 Mbabazi Julius (17 years) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: Fisher monger. Oku: Nsubula byennyanja. Qtn: What problems have you Eki: Gwe olina buzibu ki, ng’agwe encountered in your business? asubula ebyennyanja? Ans: We look for money to enlarge Oku: Tunonya sente ezisubula, on our business and even people naye tezirabika. Abantu abagula don’t buy fish because they are poor. ebyenyanja, baavu. Ekirala, emisolo Next problem is high taxes and a minene nnyo, era n’emisolo emirala Doctors’ letter on the shore need a ng’ebaluwa y’omusawo, nabyo byetaaga lot of money to get it. sente nnyingi. Qtn: Do you have a wife and Eki: Olina omukazi n’abaana? children? Oku: Nedda, nze sirina mukazi. Era Ans: I do not have a wife and n’abaana sirina. children. Eki: Weddira ki? Qtn: Clan? Oku: Mmamba. Ans: Mmamba clan. Ebikkatiriza: Omuvubuka muto. Notes: He is younger in age selling Avuga byennyanja. Alabika si fish on the bicycle, not a Muganda Muganda, kubanga alulimi, agwaamu speak broken language. We found luggwe. Abadde waka wa muntu him the court yard of somebody ng’atunda bwenyanja ku kagaali selling him fish, the boy really is poor akakadde. Muvubuka muto, naye according to our observation. alabika munaku, era si musanyufu. 180 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

4 Wilson Mutebi (77 years old) 4 Wilson Mutebi (77 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: Farmer. Oku: Nnima bulimi. Qtn: Things to which type? Eki: Bintu nga ki? Ans: Coffee, maize and others. Oku: Mwannyi, Kasoli, n’ebirala. Qtn: What problems do you see Eki: Buzibu ki bw’osanga wano? here? Oku: Nkuze. Sikyalina maanyi. Bwe Ans: I have grown - up on strength bwavu bwe nina. and this has contributed poverty to Eki: Kivudde kuki, ekimuleettedde me. obwavu (ensonga)? Qtn: What reason really has caused Oku: Anti emwanyi Sikyasobola poverty? kuzirima bulungi. Ate nga sirina Ans: I cannot dig my coffee buyambi. plantation and moreover I don’t have Eki: Eby’obulamu byo, biri bitya. any help. Amalwaliro mu galina? Qtn: What about on the side of Oku: Amalwaliro mwegali. Tulina health care are you having healthy Bukalagi ne Kanoni ne Gombe. units in the area? Eki: Eby’amazzi, muli mutya? Ans: Healthy centres are there we Oku: Amazzi tulina, era malungi have Bukalagi, Kanoni and Gombe. nnyo. Qtn: What about hand dug wells? Eki: Enjala yo eri etya? Ans: We have enough good water. Oku: Etukutte ffena ekyalo. Qtn: What about famine? Eki: Yo enjala mweri? Ans: It has covered almost the whole Oku: Abantu abasinga enjala ebaluma. village. Eki: Olina omukyala? Qtn: Is hunger there? Oku: Yee, mulina n’abaana mukaaga. Ans: Yes sir, most people are hungry. Naye omu yaffa. Qtn: Do you have a wife? Eki: Obulamu obusanze otya muzeeyi? Ans: Yes, with six children but one Oku: Nze sirina nkenyera yonna. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 181

died the last born. N’okulima nima. Sirina bulwadde, Qtn: How have you found life okujjako obwavu. generally? Eki: Oli wa ggwanga ki, taata? Ans: Me I don’t have any weakness Oku: Ndi Muganda. Najja kuno in my body I even dig but only mugw’ataano (50). Era abaana poverty. bonna, mbanzalidde kuno. Qtn: Your tribe? Eki: Eby’enjigiriza biri bitya munno? Ans: Muganda, I came here 1950 and Oku: Eby’enjirigiriza birungi. Abaana I produced all my children here. basoma, era amasomero tugalina. Qtn: What about education in the Eki: Weddira ki, taata? area? Oku: Neddira Mmamba. Ans: With education we are okay and Eki: Mukadde wo, yaani? all children attend schools this end. Oku: Kitange yaffa. Ye yali Aron Qtn: Clan? Njuba. Ans: Mmamba clan. Eki: Olina ab’oluganda ebbali? Qtn: Who are your parents? Oku: Yee, gyebali e Bulemezi. Ans: My father died long ago he was Ebikkatiriza: Omusajja mukulu, kyokka Aroni Njuba. eky’alina amagezi, era n’amanyi. Qtn: Do you have other relatives Simulwadde lwadde, era aky’asobola apart from here? n’okulima. Mukulu mundabika. Ne Ans: Yes, they are in Bulemezi nnyumba ekaddiye nnyo. (Luwero district.) Notes: Old enough and knowledgeable, not weak in appearance can work in his gardens.

5 Anna Nabbossa (71 years old) 5 Anna Nabbossa (71 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Omulimu, maama? Ans: I was a farmer but now I have Oku: Nali mulimi, naye nalwala. 182 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

a healthy problem. Sikyasobola. Qtn: What problems are here in the Eki: Buzibu ki obuli mukitundu muno? area? Oku: Obuzibu, nze ndaba, obusinga Ans: Me I see only coffee wilt bwa buwuka obulidde emwanyi zaffe. disease that has destroyed our Eki: Ate obuzibu obulala maama? plantations. Oku: Obulala bwa njala. Etulumye Qtn: What other problem? nnyo. Ans: Hunger has affected us so Eki: Obugya n’empalana, olowooza te much. bigaanye abavubuka baffe okulakulana? Qtn: Hatred and jealous in the area Oku: Nze ndowooza kiyinza okuba don’t you think that it has even kituufu, kuba abavubuka tebakola retarded the progress amongst the kampuni nti, oba balimea. Wabula youths? buli omu alima kake, era buli omu ye Ans: That is true every youth work yagala yekka. Akuba “blocks”, naye on his own and they are so arrogant, yefako yekka. even those ones working bricks cater Eki: Buzibu ki bwosanze n’abaana bbo for themselves. bano okubakuza? Qtn: What problems have you Oku: Obuzibu nabulina, naye kati encountered in up bringing your sikyabulina. Bbo, bebatawaana, nga children? bandetera akakulya n’otuzzi. Ans: Problems we have there at first Eki: Bakuwulira era bakuyamba? but are no longer there because now Oku: Bannyamba era bandetera ku they bring for me food, and fetch buyambi. water. Eki: Eby’obulamu oby’ogera ko ki? Qtn: Do they hear you and help you? Oku: Nze obulamu bwange sibulungi Ans: They help me in everything. ddala. Ndi mulwadde n’amaaso Qtn: Comment on healthy care? gazibye. Ans: Not so good on my side because Eki: Otugambye olina abaana, I am ever sick and I am blind. bameka? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 183

Qtn: How many children do you Oku: Abaana nali nazaala munaana have? (8), naye babiri nebaffa. Ans: I had produced eight but two of Eki: Gwe, wano mu Mpunge, abantu, them died. eby’obulamu, olowooza babisanze Qtn: How have the people in batya? Mpunge experience the healthy care Oku: Obuzibu mwebuli. Anti generally? amalwaliro agatuli okumpi, temuli Ans: They have experienced it badly bikola, era n’abasawo abakulu because no healthy centres nearby (Dakataali) temuli. Ate e Gombe, and high qualified doctors. Gombe sikumpi nnyo. the place which we take to be Eki: Ate ku bya makubo, oby’ogera ko equipped is far away from us. ki? Qtn: What about on the roads in the Oku: Ffe nga abe Gombe, amakubo area? tegabadde mabi nnyo. Era we Ans: We are not badly off on that twebaliza pulezidenti Museveni matter and we thank the President olw’okutufaako ennyo ku kigambo Museveni for having catered for us ekyo. on that issue. Eki: Ku by’ettaka lyaffe. Likyalina Qtn: Is our soils still fertile like in the obugyimu nga bwe mwalisanga? past? Oku: Okutwalize awamu, obugyimu Ans: Generally it has lost fertility and buvuddemu, era ebitooke tebikyadda we even the banana plantations have nga totaddemu bigyimusa. Ate nga grown and no money to get more tetulina kasente kaleeta bigyimusa. fertilizers to feed the soils. Eki: Maama, wajja ddi wano? Qtn: When did you come here? Oku: Nze najja mu lukumimulwenda Ans: In 1953. kyenda mwesatu wano. Qtn: Where exactly? Eki: Wavaawa okujja wano Ans: I was born here. okufumbirwa? Qtn: Do you have other relatives Oku: Nze banzaala kuno. 184 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

aside? Eki: Olina ab’oluganda bbo ebbali? Ans: My relatives are here and even Oku: Ab’oluganda lwange kwebali my mother ishere (Mpunge). kuno, era ne maama wange kwali. Qtn: Clan? Eki: Weddira ki, maama? Ans: Ndiga clan. Oku: Neddira Ndiga. Qtn: What call do you pass to JICA Eki: Mulanga ki gwe wandikubidde on any aid if it is there? abagabi b’obuyambi aba JICA? Ans: They should help us the old Oku: Ffe, abakadde, tetukyasobola women because we cant work, drink kweyamba. Tetulya bulungi, tetunywa on milk. ku mata. Tuli bubi okutwaliza Notes: The old woman is the wife of awamu. Mr. Mutebi but both are old enough. Ebikkatiriza: Muzeeyi omukyala, ye The old woman is suffering from mukyala wa muzeeyi Mutebi. Alabika Asima but talk sense, has her sons, akaddiye, era mulwadde“Asima”. gave her any assistance. Kyokka ayogeza magezi, era ebizibu bye kyalo kye abimanyi. Alina abana be abalabika okuba nga bamuyamba.

6 Ssimbwa David (33 years old) 6 Ssimbwa David (33 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: Farmer. Oku: Nima. Qtn: What do you dig? Eki: Olima biki, Ssebo? Ans: Maize, cassava and sweet Oku: Nima ebintu nga kasooli, ne potatoes. muwogo wamu ne lumonde. Qtn: What other problem in the Eki: Buzibu ki obuli mu kitundu? area? Oku: Tulina obuzibu bwa malwaliro. Ans: No healthy centres, they should Eddwaliro lyaffe elye’Kanoni, singa develop our dispensary Kanoni in balikuza. Ne baliwa dakitaali, ekyo Services like recruiting qualified kiba kituyambye. Ate nga kikulu Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 185

doctors in that way the problem of nnyo. Ekirala. Singa batufunira healthy care can improve. They ebigomo, ebitindira engudo zino ezaffe, should get for us culverts mostly to azabulungi bwansi. the bad roads that we have in the Eki: Obutale obw’obwogerako ki? valleys. Oku: Ffe tubadde tubitunda, abaguzi Qtn: What do you have to say on bajja. Kyokka emiwendo, ffe, markets? tegyitusanyusa, kubanga bo bebatuwa Ans: We have been getting buyers ebeeyi. but unfortunately they are the ones Eki: Amasomero ku nkola eya bona who have been fixing the price to bana basome, olina kyo gyogerako? buy our produce. Oku: Tetuyina buzibu baana Qtn: Do you have to say on free tubawaddeyo, era basoma bulungi education per four children in each ddala. family? Eki: Abazadde, mulimye mutya Ans: We have no problem on that olubimbi lwamwe eri enkola eyo, programme we have sent the children waggulu? and are schooling very well. Oku: Ebyetaago tubiwaddeyo okugeza Qtn: What role have you so far okusimisa kabuyonjo, era n’abaana played as parents on that programme? okubagulira ebitabo wamu ne ngoye. Ans: We have given all the Kale tusubira nti olubimbi tululimye requirements like books, school olwaffe. uniforms so with that we agree that Eki: Enkologana yo nabazadde, eri we have fulfilled our work. etya ewaka. Qtn: How is your cooperation with Oku: Enkolagana nungi, kubanga your parents at home? tuteesa bulungi. Era ne mbawereza Ans: It is good because we bulungi. Tubadde bulungi ko, naye coorperate. I server them well and obuzibu, ettaka lyaffe likaddiye. Naye we are fine just because we have a nga tubadde bulungi ne bakadde baffe. challenge that our land is now old. Eki: Weddira ki, Ssebo? 186 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: What is your Clan? Oku: Neddira Mmamba. Ans: Mmamba clan. Ebikkatiriza: Ssibwa muvubuka muto Notes: Ssibwa’s presentation of data (mbulako levu), asobola okuddamu is good we have found him at his ebibuuzo. Tumusanze wa kitaawe, era father’s home making a bicycle. He is alabika abayamba nnyo. Bya yogera happy with his parents. abitegeera. Era ayogera musanyufu. Ayagala nnyo okuddamu ebibuuzo.

7 Namazzi Nalongo (64 years old) 7 Namazzi Nalongo (64 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki kati? Ans: I was once a teacher but Oku: Nali musomesa n’empumula. I retired that professional, I am Kati ndi wano nnyamba mu kadde at home helping my mother like wange. washing her clothes. Eki: Kati ggwe ng’omusomesa, Qtn: How have you found teaching omulimu ggwo ogusanze otya, bwewali professional when you were still nga to nawumula? teaching? Oku: Obusomesa, nze bwanyanguyira, Ans: That professional was easy for kubanga gwe mulimu ggwenayagala me because I wanted it very much ennyo. Wadde ng’obusente bwali even though I was under paid. butono, era gukola bulungi. Qtn: Are you married? Eki: Oli mufumbo? Ans: I am not married. Oku: Nedda, siri mufumbo. Qtn: Do you have children? Eki: Olina abaana bameka? Ans: I have four children. Oku: Nina abaana bana. Qtn: Do you really see poverty in Eki: Kati gwe mukulaba, ekitundu the re and if it is there, it is of which kyaffe, obwavu mwe buli? Era bwe type? bubaamu, bwa kikaa ki? Ans: Even you can observe the Oku: Naawe bw’olaba, kituufu obwavu situation, people re sleeping badly, mwebuli, kubanga embeera y’abantu Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 187

nothing to eat. baffe nawe ogyiraba. Era n’ensula Qtn: But what has caused the mbi. situation to be like that? Eki: Ddala, kiki ekibuleese? Ans: Me I cannot explain for you Oku: Nze sijja kunnyonnyola, kubanga fully because you haven’t given me sirina budde. Ate temwampadde enough time to prepare myself. budde kwetegeka kumala. Qtn: How is educating children in Eki: Eby’okusoma kw’abaana biri bitya Mpunge? muno mu Mpunge? Ans: Some they are at schools others Oku: Abamu abaana basoma. are still at home and I don’t know the Babatute bonna basome, naye abamu intention of the parents on that issue. tebasoma. Nange, ekigendererwa Qtn: How about on the farming do ky’abazadde sikimanyi. you have good machines like tractors Eki: Ku by’okulima, mu bisanze mutya. and others? Muyina ebyokukozesa nga kilakta? Ans: Me I see only that the soils have Oku: Nze ndaba ettaka likaddiye exhausted because we don’t apply good bukaddiyi olw’okubeera nti, tetutade methods of farming in action. mateeka g’abalimi munkola. Qtn: What about in the healthy - Eki: Byo eby’obulamu biri bitya? care? Oku: Amalwaliro gabadde kumpi, Ans: The hospitals are near but I naye simanyi oba eddagala gyeliri. have taken long to go in the hospital Nange ndwaawo okugenda mu and I don’t know whether the ddwaliro. medicine is still there. Eki: Go amakubo oggogera ko ki? Qtn: What about the roads? Oku: Kubyamakubo, bakadde baffe Ans: On the issue of roads our baali bayamba ne bagakola. Naye kati parents used to help out to improve ebyo tebikyaliwo. Era kati mabi nnyo. the roads but they nolonger do thus Eki: Abakyala batadewo ebibiina the roads are in bad state now. muno? Qtn: Have women set up small Oku: Mpulira nti babikoze. Nze 188 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

groups here? ndimulwadde. Sigenda yo. Ans: I hear that they have set up Eki: Weddira ki, maama? some and I don’t go there because I Oku: Neddira Ndiga. am sick. Eki: Kitamwe yabazaala abaana Qtn: Clan? bameka? Ans: Lamb clan. Oku: Abalenzi basatu, n’abawala Qtn: Your father produced so far how bana. many children? Eki: Okulidde kuno, maama? Ans: He produced three boys and Oku: Nkulidde kuno, Ssebo. four girls. Ebikkatiriza: Omukyala mukulu, naye Qtn: Were you brought up here? sinnyo. Yasomako, era yali musomesa Ans: I was brought up here Sir. wa Grade II. Kyokka ebintu Notes: The lady is old enough got tabitegeera bulungi. Ebibuuzo abiyita enough education of grade II but bbali. Tafayo nnyo ku bigenda mu don’t know questions. She dodges maaso mu kitundu kye. Tatuyambye every questions that is interviewed nnyo mu kunonyereza kwe tulimu. to her. Never helped much in our research and not qualified dot be a teacher.

8 Firisita Nabatte Namwandu 8 Firisita Nabatte Namwandu (87 years old) (87 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: Me I don’t work I am blind Oku: Nze sirina mulimu. Ndi muzibe. nothing to eat. Siva munju, siraba kakulya. Qtn: How have you found life as a Eki: Obulamu obusanze otya, obwa widow? Namwandu? Ans: Life is to ad because I don’t Oku: Obulamu bubi nnyo, era bwe have any assistance in my daily life. butyo bwe bubadde. Sirina anyamba. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 189

Qtn: Is there poverty in the area? Eki: Obwavu mwebuli mu kitundu Ans: Yes, there is poverty. muno? Qtn: What has caused poverty to Oku: Yee, mwebuli. people? Eki: Biki ebi baletedde obwavu Ans: People are not educated enough. mwe’abantu? Qtn: When did you come in Oku: Abantu si bayigirize bulungi. marriage? Eki: Maama wajja ddi mu bufumbo Ans: In 1920 November 21st. wano? Qtn: When did the husband die? Oku: Mu lukumi mulwenda kyenda Ans: In 2nd February 1974 and was mwa’abiri. a Ndiga clan. Eki: Omwami, yaffa mwaka ki? Qtn: How many children did you Oku: Omwami yafa nga biri Febuari produce? mulukumi mulwenda sanvu mwena. Ans: Eight children. Yali yedira Ndiga. Qtn: Where did your husband come Eki: Mwazaala abaana bameka? from? Oku: Abaana munaana (8). Ans: From Butambala county in Eki: Yali ya vaawa? Seeta village. Oku: Baali bamuzaala Butambala, Qtn: Where did they burry him? Sseta. Ans: Here in his place (land). Eki: Bamuziika wano? Qtn: Do your children respect you Oku: Yee……Era wano gegaali amakaa and give any assistance? ge. Ans: Some respect us, others do care Eki: Abaana bamwe babawulira era about us. babayamba? Qtn: Where do you get food? Oku: Abamu batuwulira, abalala Ans: We eat when we get it from my tebafaayo. daughters garden. Eki: Eby’endya obikola otya? Qtn: Don’t you have cassava mosaic Oku: Emmere tulya bwe tuba tufunye this way? munimiro ya’muwala wange . 190 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: It is there and we don’t eat at Eki: Obuwuka bwa muwogo, muno all on cassava. tebulimu? Qtn: What about drunkardness in the Oku: Mwebuli, era muwogo area? agengewala nnyo. Era tetukya Ans: Me I can’t tell you the truth mulyako. because I don’t walk and I can’t see. Eki: Etamiiro mweriri muno Qtn: Can? omwamwe? Ans: Njovu clan. Oku: Etamiiro. Nze simanyi, kubanga Qtn: What call do you have to JICA? sitambula. Ndi muzibe wamaaso. Ans: Me I am badly off in terms of Eki: Weddira ki, maama? money, we fail to get sugar and even Oku: Neddira Njovu. something to eat. Eki: Mulanga ki ggwe wandikubidde Notes: She is older in age but knows abagabi b’obuyambi bano (bolaba) aba what she talks even though she is JICA? blind. The husband died in 1974 Oku: Nze ndi bubi nnyo. Bannyambe. and left a house for her to sleep Sente kyekikulu. Tetukyasobola kufuna in. she can understand what can be ka sukali. Wadde akokulya konna. questioned to her very well. Ebikkatiriza:Omukadde mutegevu. Wadde wamyaka mingi nnyo. Muzibe wa maaso, kyokka amanyi kyayagala. Era ategera ebizibu bye. Kituuffu, ennyumba ye, omwami ye yajjimulekera mu 1974 nga fudde. Erabika e kaddiye. Asobola okutegeera ekimubuziddwa. Akyategeera bulungi.

9 Francis Tebandeke (47 years old) 9 Francis Tebandeke (47 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: A farmer engaging in things like Oku: Ndimulimi. Nnima kasooli, Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 191

maize, coffee, banana plantations. mwannyi, ne bitooke nina bitono tono. Qtn: That means you are not poor Eki: Ekitegeeza nti tolina bwavu okuva depending on the things you dig? lw’olina ebintu ebyo? Ans: I have poverty and it pains me Oku: Mbulina ddala era bunuma very much. nnyo. Qtn: What makes you not to work? Eki: Olowooza nti kiki ekikulemesa Ans: We don’t have tractors to okukola? work on our farms. We don’t have Oku: Tetulina kalakita zikola. transport means to take our produce Tetulina ntambula. Era ne bwetuba in the markets, the roads are too bad. n’ebirime, tetulina ntambula. Qtn: What other problems have Amakubo mabi nnyo. caused poverty? Eki: Ate ensonga endala etusibyeko Ans: In our country there is no obwavu? democracy at all (the government Oku: Yee nsi eno obutabaamu which is not elected on the behalf “Demokulasi”. Abantu balya of the people). People are very nnyo enguzi. Abantu balya sente corrupt. People embezzle the loans z’entandikwa. Mu malwaliro (entandikwa). Bad governance has temuli ddagala. Enfuga embi, nayo also retarded our progress. etuzigamiza. Qtn: But there is no drinking places Eki: Abavubuka ba muno bbo, tebadda and rumours in the area? mu biddula n’engambo? Ans: Aaa...... the youths are very hard Oku: Aaa……abavubuka bakozi, era working but they lack development bakolara ddala. Naye babulamu projects in the area. projects ez’okwe kulakulannya. Qtn: But have the youths managed to Eki: Abavubuka batonzewo ebibiina establish small groups for themselves? eby’okwekulakulannya? Ans: They would have managed to Oku: Bandi bitoonzewo, naye set up but the atmosphere doesn’t abamu, olw’embeera y’ensi, abamu favour them fully (finance). The balyazamanya. Gavument nayo 192 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

government doesn’t fix the prices on tewa miwendo gy’ebintu. Kale ffe ne which to buy (farmers) our produce batufuunako. by buyers so that they should not Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira abagabi exploit us. b’obuyambi. Naddala aba JICA? Qtn: Make a call to donor Agency Oku: Batuyambe, kubanga like JICA to your problems. bakola bulungi. Naye bafune Ans: They should bring services in enkola enelemesa abali benguzi any aid to the poorest people rather okutulyazamannya ne tutafuna. Bbo than giving it to corrupt leaders on kye bagenderewa mu kuyamba. the country level. Abakulu baffe balya obuyambi obugya Qtn: Do you have a wife and eri ffe abanaku. children? Eki: Olina omukyala n’abaana? Ans: I have a wife and three children. Oku: Yee mbalina. Abaana basatu Qtn: Clan? n’omukyala. Ans: Mpologoma clan. Eki: Weddira ki? Notes: He is a healthy man, hand Oku: Neddira Mpolooma. some but old with a bold, knows data Ebikkatiriza: Musajja mulamu well. He answers with a smile on his bulungi mu ndabika ye. Mukulu, face, putting actions in his ideas. wakiwalata, asobola bulungi okwogera. Era amanyi okuddamu ebibuuzo. Addamu ne ssanyu ate ng’amatiza aba mubuziza. Atekamu ebikolwa okugumiza ensonga ye.

10 Alexandria Kivumbi 10 Alexandria Kivumbi (57 years old) (57 years old) Qtn: How have you found life? Eki: Obulamu obusanze otya? Ans: I am very sick with no help no Oku: Ndi mulwadde nnyo. Era sirina single child. buyambi byonna. Wadde omwana Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 193

Qtn: How did you come and settle yenna sirina. here? Eki: Wajja otya okubeera kuno? Ans: I am a citizenship of this place. Oku: Nze ndi muzale wakuno. Qtn: Do you have your relatives Eki: Olina ab’oluganda kuno? here? Oku: Sirina. Bonna baafa dda. Ans: I don’t have all died long ago. Eki: Buzibu ki obukunnyiga mumbeera Qtn: Which problems make you to yo eya bulijjo? suffer really in your daily life? Oku: Bulwadde Era bwe bwanjigyisa Ans: Sickness and I was exempted ku musolo. from paying my graduated tax. Eki: Obwavu tebuliiwo? Qtn: There is no poverty? Oku: Webuli nnyo. Ans: It is there too much. Eki: Nga ki ekibuleeta? Qtn: And what causes it? Oku: Sirina mannyi gakola Ans: I don’t have strength to work olw’obulwadde. Ne nnyumba engudde because of sickness that attacked me ko. even my house collapsed. Eki: Olina obujjanjabi obumala? Qtn: Do you have enough treatment? Oku: Obujjanjabi sirina, era abantu, Ans: No treatment, my neighbours at bakwano, bebaampanga ku kamere. times get me something to eat. Eki: Olina ebyobugaga nga ki? Qtn: What properties do you have? Oku: Sirina kaantu konna. Ans: I don’t have any property. Eki: Oli wa gwanga ki? Ans: Your tribe? Oku: Ndi Muganda. Ans: I am a Muganda. Eki: Wavaawa okujja ne bakadde bo? Qtn: Where did you come from with Oku: Tuli bakuno. Kwebanzaala era your parents? tuli batuuze. Ans: We are citizenship of this area. Eki: Mukaddewo ye, yali ani? Qtn: Who were your parents? Oku: Venansiyo Byakwaso ne maama Ans: Vennsio Byekwaso, mother was ye ayali Rose Nanziri. Baffa mu Rose Nanziri died in 1974. 1974. 194 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: Are you educated? Eki: Wasomako ggwe? Ans: I was educated but stopped in Oku: Nasoma ne nkoma mu Junior Junior Secondary one. Secondary one. Qtn: What responsibility so far you Eki: Olina obuvunanyizibwa bw’obadde have ever had in the village here? nabwo kukyalo, bukya obeerako? Ans: No responsibility. Oku: Nedda, sirina buvunanyizibwa Qtn: How is your cooperation with bwona. the people here? Eki: Enkolagana eri etya n’abe’kyalo? Ans: I cooperate with them and even Oku: Nkolagana nabo era bampa they give me some food, and they are akamere. Era Bagenda kunzimbira going to construct for me a house. nnyumba. Qtn: What call do you have to JICA? Eki: Ggwe mulanga ki gw’okubira aba Ans: The neighbours should construct JICA? for me a house and JICA people Oku: Baliranwa, mbasaba banzimbire should give me any aid for my well ennyumba ate aba JICA bampe being. ebyetago nsobole okuba obulungi. Notes: Older in age, he is in a bad Ebikkatiriza: Omusajja mukulu naye mood, the house is going to collapse alabika embeera gyalabika sinungi. apart no bed. Nothing he can do he Ennyumba emugguddeko era talina is only waiting his day to die. kyasulako. Yenna ali bubi nnyo. Talina nakintu kyamagezi kya sobola kola. Alinda lunaku lwe lwakufa. Okusinzira endabika. Ensi ye yagyivaako dda.

Book 10 Book 10 Luganda 1 Kalooli Ssonko (50 years old) 1 Kalooli Ssonko (50 years old) Qtn: What is your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki wano, Ssebo? Ans: I am a farmer. Oku: Nze ndi mulimi. Qtn: How have you found life? Eki: Obulamu oze obusanga otya? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 195

Ans: Life is not bad and as a disabled Oku: Obulamu mbusanze sibubi, era person I take it easy. ng’omulema bugenda empola mpola. Qtn: Do you have a wife and Eki: Olina omukyala n’abaana? children? Oku: Omukyala mulina era n’abaana Ans: I have a wife and three children. basatu (3). Qtn: Do they study? Eki: Bbo bosoma, abaana? Ans: One is studying and the two are Oku: Omu asoma. Abalala bato. young. Eki: Obulamu obusanze otya Qtn: How have you seen life with n’amakaago? your house hold? Oku: Obulamu bubadde bubi. Ans: Life is bad especially poverty. Naddala obwavu. Akasente Money is so scarce and life is too tekalabika, era n’obulamu bubi nnyo. bad. Eki: Naye nga ddala, biki ebireese Qtn: What has really made your life obulamu bwo okubeera bwe buti? to be like this? Oku: Ensimbi ntono. Tetulina Ans: The money is not enough and buwagizi. Tuwulira nti obuyambi the leaders are the ones who benefit bujja, naye ffe eno, tetubufuna. from the money sent by agencies and Abakulu baffe, abalema, be babilya. us the poor are less considered. Eki: Kuno wagyako bujji, oba olina gye Qtn: You come from here or you just wava? migrated to this place? Oku: Nze ndi muzaale wakuno, naye Ans: I was born here but my father nga kitange abeera Malere. stays in Malere. Eki: Omukadde wo, ali kuno? Qtn: Is your father from here? Oku: Nedda, teyali kuno. Yali Ans: No, he was in Malere but died. Malere, naye yaffa. Qtn: When did you father die? Eki: Kitaawo yafa ddi? Ans: He died in 1972. Oku: Yaffa mu 1972. Qtn: When did you come here? Eki: Kuno wajjako ddi? Ans: I came here in 1986. Oku: Najjako mu lukumi mulwenda, 196 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: How do you find this kinaana mumukaaga (1986). communirty from the time you came Eki: Ekitundu kino okisanze otya here? kasokedde ogya ko? Ans: Its not bad and the people of Oku: Tekibade bubi nyo, era this place are not good. nkolagana bulungi n’abantu bakuno. Qtn: What call do you pass to JICA? Eki: Kakati, mulaga ki ggw’okubira Ans: When they extend support to JICA? the community they should give it to Oku: Bwe batuleetera obuyambi, the less locals instead of giving it to bandibadde babututuusako ffe. the leaders who already have. Okusinga okubuwa abantu abali, Qtn: Do you have organizations for abakulu. Ne bagegya embuto. the disabillities? Eki: Mulina ekibina ky’abalema muno? Ans: The organization was there but Oku: Ekibina kyalimu, era nga it collapsed. bakitumbudde. Naye kati kyaagwa. Qtn: What is your clan? Era temukyali. Ans: I belong to the Ngonge clan. Eki: Weddira ki? Notes: This man is disabled and Oku: Neddira Ngonge. looks vulnerable. I think he does not Ebikkatiriza: Omusajja ono mulema, era have help. His house is in a very poor enfanana ye mbi nnyo. Alabika talina state and his household is also not buyambi. Ennyumba ye mbi nnyo, era good. embeera ya makaage mbi nnyo.

2 Petero Itimana ( 60 years old) 2 Petero Itimana (60 years old) Qtn: Tribe? Eki: Oli wa ggwanga ki? Ans: Rwandan. Oku: Ndi munnyaRwanda. Qtn: When did you come here? Eki: Wajjaddi mu Uganda? Ans: I was born in Uganda and my Oku: Nazaalibwa muno, naye nga father was a Munyarwanda. kitange yali mu NaRwanda. Qtn: For how long you have stayed Eki: Ku Mpunge, omazeeko bbanga ki? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 197

in Mpunge? Oku: Mazeeko emyaka nga ‘ataano. Ans: 50 years. Eki: Bakadde bo webali, oba baafa? Qtn: Are your parents still alive or Oku: Baafa, bonna. died? Eki: Kuno olinako ab’oluganda lwo? Ans: They all died. Oku: Sirinako ba luganda bonna. Qtn: Do you are your parents here? Eki: Ggwe, mukulaba, biki ebireese Ans: I do not have anyone. obwavu? Qtn: To our observation what has Oku: Tukola, naye ebintu tebigenda caused poverty? mumaaso. Nze simanyi lwaki. Ans: We work but things don’t move Eki: Olinamu obulwadde mu bulamu ahead, me I don’t know why. bwo, bwonna? Qtn: Do you have any healthy Oku: Nze omugongo gunuma nnyo. problem? Eki: Eby’okulima obifunyemu buzibu Ans: Only the backache. ki? Qtn: What problems have your Oku: Nze nima katono. Sikyalina encountered in farming? maanyi. Ans: I dig small things but I don’t Eki: Kubya makubo gaffe, olinako kyo have strength. by’ogerako? Qtn: Do you have to say on our bad Oku: Amakubo gaffe mabi nnyo. roads? Eki: Olina omukya n’abaana? Ans: Our roads are too bad. Oku: Omukyala yagenda dda. Qtn: Do you have a wife and Abaana nina bataano (5). children? Eki: Abaana abo, bakuyamba ko? Ans: The wife went long ago but I Oku: Nedda, tebayamba. Bali ne have five children. maana wabwe. Nze tebanfaako. Qtn: Do your children help you? Eki: Enkolagana yo n’abaana abo, eri Ans: No, they cater for only their etya? mother, they neglected me. Oku: Enkolagana yabwe Sinungi. Era Qtn: Are they cooperating among mbi nnyo. 198 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

themselves? Eki: Enkolagana yo n’abantu Ans: Their cooperation is not good at b’okukyala, eri etya? all. Oku: Enkolagana nungi ddala. Qtn: What about your cooperation Eki: Ku Mpunge, to funanga ko with the village people? bwami? Ans: It is very good indeed. Oku: Nedda, sifunanaga ko bwami. Qtn: You never got any responsibility Eki: Bufuzi ki obusinze okunyumira in Mpunge? nga ggwe Omunyarwanda? Ans: I never got any responsibility. Oku: Guno. Ogwa Museveni. Qtn: What regime of the past Eki: Oli mu Nyarwanda mu Tutsi oba governments so far you have liked mu Hutu? very much. Oku: Ndi mu Hutu. Ans: Museveni’s regime. Eki: Bwe wajjawo omuntu yenna, Qtn: Are you a Mutuusi or Hutu? n’akugamba nti, tugende, oba tu ddeyo Ans: I am a Hutu. e Rwanda. Okiriza? Qtn: If somebody comes and tells Oku: Aaah……Nze siddayo. you to go back to Rwanda can you N’abagenda, nalaba bakomaawo dda. accept? Eki: Wajja kukola biki kuno? Ans: Haa...... me I can’t go back even Oku: Najja ne kitange kuno. those who went back to Rwanda Eki: Kitawo yali mulimi? returned. Oku: Yee Ssebo. Yali mulimi Qtn: What did you come to do in Eki: Ekibanja kyali kya kitaawo, oba Uganda? gwe wakigula? Ans: I came with my father. Oku: Kyali kya Kitange? Qtn: Was your father a farmer? Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira aba Ans: Yes Sir, he was a farmer. JICA? Qtn: This land was it your father or Oku: Mbasaba batuyambe Ssebo. Era you just bought it on yur own? naffe tubeere bulungi. Ans: It is my father’s land. Eki: Omuziro ggwo, Ssebo? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 199

Qtn: What call do you have to JICA? Oku: Mpologoma. Ans: To help us in every need so that Ebikkatiriza: Omusajja mukulu. we can be well off. Alabika embeere ye mbi nnyo, era Qtn: Clan? talina nnyumba. Talina nnyo bintu Ans: Lion clan. byamanyi ku kitundu. Tatuyambye Notes: The man is old. His situation nnyo mu kunonyereza, olw’obutamanya looks so pad. Has less information kayagala. on the on the communityand has not helped as in the research that we wanted.

Book 11 Book 11 Luganda 1 Moses Mwebaze (27 years old) 1 Moses Mwebaze (27 years old) Qtn: Your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: I am farmer. Oku: Ndi mulimu. Qtn: What type of crops do you Eki: Olima bintu bya kika ki? grow? Oku: Ebijanjaalo, kasooli ne bittooke. Ans: I grow beans, maize and even Eki: Ekitegeeza tolina bwavu, gwe? banana plantation. Oku: Obwavu mbulina olwensonga Qtn: That means you do not have nti, nagenda ne nsimba emwannyi mu poverty? bittoke. Kati ebittooke byakuttuka, Ans: I have poverty for the reason nga ate mwenali nzijja akasente that I planted coffee in a banana akanyamba ebizibu byange byonna. plantation now that inter cropping Ekizibu ekirala, ddwaliro. Era wano has affected banana plantation very ewaffe abantu baffe batufuddeko much yet it was the source of income olw’obutaba na malwaliro. before. Another problem is lack of Tulima ebintu byaffe naye tetufuna health units here people have died baguzi bandiguze birime byaffe because we are lacking nearby health olw’enggundo embi enyo mu kitundu 200 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

unit. Another problem we are kyaffe kino. Naddala ekubbo Katoogo. growing our crops but they do lack Eki: Naye, obwavu, ddala bukutaddeko market due to bad roads especially biwundu ki mu bulamu bwo? Katoogo in our area. Oku: Obwavu busse abantu bange Qtn: What has poverty caused in olw’ensonga nti, mbeera sirina sente your dear life? zireeta musawo eno kujanjaba bantu Ans: Poverty has caused my relatives bange. Kubanga ye omusawo agamba to die since at times I fail to get tayinza kujja olw’ensonga nti amakubo money to transport medical personnel eno mabi nnyo. due to poor roads. Eki: Wajja ddi wano era ng’ova mu Qtn: When did you come in this area kitundu ki? and you are from which area? Oku: Najja mu 1997 ng’ava Busiro Ans: I came in 1977 from Busiro the mu kitundu kye Busunju. place called Busunju. Eki: Olina omukyala n’omwana? Qtn: Do you have a wife and Oku: Nina omwana omu n’omukyala. children? Eki: Omwana oyo assoma? Ans: I have one child and a wife. Oku: Tanaba, kubanga akyali muto. Qtn: Is the child schooling? Eki: Byo eby’enjigiriza biri bitya mu Ans: She is not yet because is still Lukunyu muno? young. Oku: Era tubulamu essomero Qtn: How is education in Lukunnyu? ery’omulembe, kubanga kati lye Ans: We are lacking modern schools tunaliwa babeera bakalizimba, nga ate because the one we have is local and liggwa. Ate lyetubala nga essomero, one cannot call it a school because it nalyo si ssomero. Kubanga ate oluusi is temporarily operates, at times we balikozesa nga e’Kereziya. use the place as a church for Roman Eki: Naye kati eryo lyemutwalanga Catholics. essomero mulim ebikozesebwa? Qtn: Is that school having the Oku: Ekizibu temuli ntebe, embawo necessary materials? eziwandiikirwako. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 201

Ans: The problem is we do not have Eki: Naye ddala nga ggwe ssemaka, chairs and black boards for pupils. obwavu oze obusanga otya? Qtn: Now as you the head of the Oku: Mbeera ne pulaani mu mutwe, family how have found the problem naye nga ddala sirina anyambako of poverty? ku nkola yange. Okusobola Ans: It is a problem since I have the okweddabulula mu bwavu. plan but I lack support to fulfil my Eki: Olina ddala bintu bya bugagga ki plan in order to come out of poverty. ewuwo? Qtn: What type of riches do you Oku: Enkumbi yokka. have? Eki: Weddira ki? Ans: Only my hand hoe. Oku: Ngabi. Qtn: Your clan? Ebikkatiriza: Yabadde musanyufu Ans: Ngabi clan. (Uganda Kob) nga atuwa ebirowoozo bye wadde Notes: He was very interested with twamusaanga we batunda omwenge ne giving ideas although we found him bane. Bonna baali batunula ttamiro at the drinking place in the morning lyokka. Atugambye abantu baabwe hours, people with him were also balimu obutamanya mu bintu bye look drunk. We noted that people bakola. Polisi eyingira mu murimu were ignorant and lack knowledge of egya bakakiiko be byalo. Ne mpalana what to do. Police interfere in the n’obulakye nga okumenya amaato jobs of LCs in Lukunyu village. g’abavubi.

2 Yosamu Sande (34 years old) 2 Yosamu Sande (34 years old) Qtn: You are of which tribe? Eki: Oli wa ggwanga ki Ssebo? Ans: I am a Munyankole. Oku: Ndi Munyankole. Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Omulimu? Ans: I am Chairman LCI Lukunyu Oku: Ssentebe LCI Lukunyu, nga and the same time Chairman of ate nze Ssentebe wa Muvumenti ku movement. muluka. 202 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: Don’t you grow things like; Eki: Tolimye bintu nga kasooli ne maize beans and coffee? bijanjaalo n’emwanyi? Ans: I grow them also but not of Oku: N’abyo nima, naye nga sibye standard. bintu ebituuse ku mulembe. Qtn: When did you come here? Eki: Wajja ddi wano? Ans: My parents came here when I Oku: Mukadde wange yajjawo nga am still young but he came 1970. mwana muto, naye yajja mu 1970. Qtn: Now Chairman how have you Eki: Kakati ssentebe, obulamu ddala found your life? oze obusanga otya? Ans: My life has been troubling Oku: Obulamu bubadde buzibu me because the income is not good olwensonga enfuna sinnungi, endwadde sickness and poverty due to low nyingi, n’obwavu olw’enfuna entono. learning. Eki: Ddala ki ekireese enfuna eyo Qtn: What has caused such bad and okubeera entono? poor earning? Oku: Ensonga eri nti, ekitundu kikyali Ans: The issue is, the area is below wansi nnyo. Tetulina makubbo, standard and backward in terms of tetulina malwaliro nga ate tulwala roads, health units, yet people are nnyo. falling sick there and then. Eki: Empalana mu kitundu terimu ne Qtn: Do you have jealousy in your mu bantu bbo? area within people themselves? Oku: Yo teriwo nnyo, naye nga Ans: That one I cannot rule it out tebulamu entonotono. that it is not there but on low rate. Eki: Ate obutamanya? Qtn: What about ignorance? Oku: Obutamanya mwebuli Ans: Ignorance is there because olw’ensonga abantu abasinga mu people here are not educated at all kitundu kino sibayigirizeko nakatono. the big number is illiterate. Eki: Mulima Pulayimale ne “Secondary Qtn: How many primary and Schools” meka, mu kintundu? secondary school do you have in the Oku: Tulina Mamba pulaimale yokka, Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 203

area? naye “Secondary”zo tetulinamu. Ans: We have only Mmamba Primary Eki: Naye obwavu businze kuleetako school but secondary we do not have. biwundu ki, n’amaka go? Qtn: What has poverty caused to Oku: Kulwaza bantu bange nga your dear life and your family at omukyala, abaana. Nga ate bwolwaza large? abantu nga abo, emirimu gyiba gyidda Ans: My life always entailed with emabega. sickness yet I am lacking funds for Eki: Ate eby’okwerinda bibadde bitya treatment and since those are people mu kitundu kyo? participate in farming I end up Oku: Tetuli bubi nnyo, kubanga lacking labour. tulina Polisi ne Local Defense forces, Qtn: On the side of security how is it abatukuuma. in your area? Eki: Naye, abamu batugambye nti, Ans: On that matter we are not Polise eyingidde nnyo mu mirimu gya badly off since we have Police force bakakiiko. Ogamba otya ku nsonga and local defense forces whom are eno? defending the area. Oku: Kituufu, naye nga ensonga Qtn: We are told that Police is evudde ku bantu baffe okutwala over trespassing in the works of the emisango obuterevu ku Polise. Nga local councils, what do you have to tebasose kuyita kuffe ba ssentebe. comment on that issues? Naye nga kiva ku butamanya bwa Ans: It is true but that issue has bantu bangi bentwala mu kitundu come up after our citizen failed kino. to identify the type of crime to Eki: Ate eby’obulamu biri bitya mu be reported directly to the Police kitundu kyo? and that which can pass through Oku: Eby’obulamu bibi ddala. Engeri local council, but that one is due to gye tutalina malwaliro mu Kitundu. ignorance. Eki: Olina omukaya n’abaana? Qtn: How is health matters in your Oku: Nina abaana mukaaga 204 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

area? n’omukyala. Ans: With health we are badly off Eki: Bonna basoma? since we lack any single health unit Oku: Abana basoma, naye ababiri bo here. bakyali bato nnyo. Qtn: Do you have a wife and Eki: Olinawo ab’oluganda bbo children? abesudde ebbali? Ans: I have six children and a wife. Oku: Yee……abamu bali muno muluka Qtn: Are all studying? gwendi mu, ate abalala bali mu Ans: The four are schooling but Ggombolola ndala. others are still young. Eki: Enfuna yabwe yo erye etya? Qtn: Do you have relatives away Oku: Abamu bali bulungi ko, ate from here? abalala bali bubi. Ans: I have some that are in Eki: Omuziro? this same parish while others are Oku: Ngabi. staying in neighbouring sub-county Eki: Mulanga ki ggwe wandikubidde (Kabulasoke). abagabi b’obuyambi singa babeera Qtn: What is their economic status? bayinza okubayamba mu kitundu Ans: Some are well off while others kyamwe? are badly off. Oku: Batuuke nga ku buli muntu Qtn: Totem? basobole okutegera obuzibu bwa buli Ans: Uganda Kob (Antelope). muntu. Qtn: What call can you put forward Ebikkatiriza: Musajja muwombefu. especially to the donor agency who Alina ebirowoozo birungu nnyo. visited the area? Amanyi ebizibu ebiri mu kitundu kye. Ans: They should visit to each Twamubuliza mu lugya lwa maka ge. citizen to check his or her problem individually. Notes: He is very humble man with good ideas, he wanted to participate Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 205

very much and he is conversant with the problems. He was interviewed in the compound.

3 Juliet Nanyonjo (34 years old). 3 Juliet Nanyonjo (34 years old) Qtn: Your tribe? Eki: Eggwanga? Ans: I am a Muurundi. Oku: Mulundi. Qtn: When did you come to stay Eki: Wajja ddi okubeera wano? here? Oku: Mu lukumi mulwenda kyenda Ans: In 1995. mwetano. Qtn: How do you find your life ever Eki: Obulamu oze obusanga otya okuva since you reached in this place? lwe wajja wano? Ans: Unless sickness which has Oku: Okujjako obulwadde bwe businga troubled me. okuntawanya. Qtn: Don’t you think that poverty is Eki: Ensonga y’obwavu oyinza ku also a problem? gyogerako ki? Olowooza nabyo Ans: It is true but that one is caused sibuzibu? by bad roads, though we have the Oku: Ensonga ntuufu, naye nga kiva produces which we can sell and we ku makubo mabi nnyo. Naye ebirime get money for home use. byo tubirina mwetuyinza okugyamu Qtn: How is the cooperation of akasente, akandibadde katuyamba. women in this area, since some Eki: Enkolagana y’abakyala munno women went on rumour mongering erye tya? Oluusi osanga n’ebintuntu which call also cause poverty instead nga eggambo, nazo ziyinza okuleetawo of working? obwavu? Ans: Women are too hard working Oku: Abakyala bo bakozi, naye but they lack transport to transport nga ekizibu kiri kufuna ntambula their products (produce) to the etuusa birime byaffe tufune akasente market. akatuyamba. 206 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: Do women establish Community Eki: Abakyala mulina ebibiina bya Based Organization which can help nakyewa bye mutonzewo okusobola you to prosper? okulaba nti namwe mwe kulakulanya? Ans: We have one organization called Oku: Tulinawo ekibiina kye bayita “Munnomukabi” women’s group. munno mukabi. Qtn: How have you found health Eki: Eby’obulamu obisanze otya? matters in your area as you women? Kubanga mwe abakyala mubigenderako Ans: We do not have health units nnyo. in our area we go to Bukalagi and Oku: Tetulina malwaliro. Oluusi Kanoni yet the journey is very long. tugenda Bukalagi, Kanoni, naye nga Qtn: What wound poverty have nayo wala nnyo. caused to your life? Eki: Obwavu ddala businze Ans: For not rejoicing because every kubateekako biwundu ki mu bulamu time you become miserable, since bwo? you fail to get money to solve your Oku: Buteyagala. Olwensonga nti, necessities especially we women. obeera tolina sente zimalawo ebizibu Qtn: What riches do you have here? byaffe ebyo mu maka. Ans: We have coffee and other crops Eki: Bya bugagga ki bwe mulina mu like sweet potato, cassava and even maka gamwe? beans. Oku: Okusinga tulina mwannyi Qtn: What is your clan? n’ebirime nga lumonde, muwogo Ans: Bird clan (Crested Crane). n’ebijanjaalo. Qtn: What call do you have to put for Eki: Weddira ki? war to do donor agency like JICA? Oku: Nyonyi clan. Ans: To set for us development Eki: Mulanga ki gwokubira eri aba projects in which we can get money. JICA? Qtn: Your totem? Ans: Batuterewo pulojecti ezisobola Ans: Calabash monkey. okutuletera sente. Notes: The wife of the Chairman Eki: Akabiro ko? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 207

Lukunyu LCI is understanding, well Oku: Nkima. vast with the knowledge of the Ebikkatiriza: Mukyala wa Ssentebe village. Was interviewed under the Lukunyu LC1. Ategera bulungi byayogera, tree shade with my study. amanyi bingi nnyo ebifa kukyalo kye. Twamubuuliza wansi mu muti.

4 Imaculate Nabakooza 4 Imaculate Nabakooza (34 years old). (34 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Omulimu? Ans: Most especially I am a farmer Oku: Okusinga ndi mulimi, nga ate ku but Iam Secretary for Environment kakiiko ka Lukunyu, ndi muwandiisi Lukunyu. ku by’obutonde. Qtn: When did you come here? Eki: Wajja ddi okubeera wano? Ans: I came here in 1983. Oku: Najja mulukumi mulwenda Qtn: In which way has poverty kinana mwe satu. Nave mu Muluka troubled you? gwe Kifampa. Ans: Poverty has caused my life to Eki: Kakati ddala, obwavu worry all the time because the buyers bukutaddeko biwundu ki? who buy our crops tend to give us Oku: Bundeeseko okwerarikirira, little money yet it is our earnings olw’esonga nti, ebirime byange mwe which we can use to pay school fees mbadde nfuna obusente okuwerera for our children. For that matter I abaana bange, abaguzi bampamu am worried because my children are busente butono. Nga bekwasa not going to go very far in terms of amakubo okuba amabi ennyo. Kale academics. kino kiraga nti sijja kubatuusa wala Qtn: Now Madam how have you nnyo mu bye nsoma yabwe. found health care here at Lukunyu? Eki: Ate maama, eby’obulamu mu Ans: Health care here is very bad bisanze mutya mu Lukunyu muno? to the fact that we don’t have health Oku: Bibi ddala, kubanga temuli 208 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

units around even we lost ourchildren ddwaliro. Abaana baffe bwe balwala, due to lack of health units. batufaako olw’obutaba na malwaliro. Qtn: What about rumour mongering Eki: Ate engamba mu bakyala? Kyo within women? kiri kitya? Ans: Rumour mongering is there in Oku: Engamba zo mweziri mu the area. kitundu. Qtn: What about hatred? Eki: Ate empalana? Ans: Hatred is no longer a problem Oku: Empalana zo tezirimu, here because we, the gospel preacher. olw’ensonga, abamu tuli babulizi Qtn: Have you established banjiri. Community Based Organization for Eki: Ate mutaddewo ebibiina bya women? nakyewa? Ans: We had established some clubs Oku: Twali tutaddewo nga okulunda for pig rearing and poultry but some embizzi, enkoko. Naye nga abamu women failed to raise little amount to abakyala bagamba nti tebalina sente lift the project due to poverty. kuwagira nkola eno. Qtn: What call can you put forward Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira abagabi especially to donor agency? b’obuyambi? Ans: That they should help us on Oku: Batuyambe ku bintu ebitali bya small projects so that also women sente za waggulu nnyo. Tusobole naffe can develop ourselves. abakyala okwe kulakulanya. Qtn: Do you have a man (husband) Eki: Olina omusajja n’abaana? and children? Oku: Mulina, n’abaana basaatu. Ans: I have my husband and three Eki: Bonna basoma? children. Oku: Ababiri be basoma, naye omu Qtn: Do all the children schooling? sente zaabula. Ali mu bufumbo. Ans: Only two are schooling the third Eki: Byo eby’enjigiriza obisanze otya is in marriage, he failed to get money eyo musomero abaana gye basomera? for school fees. Oku: Sibyamulembe nnyo.Naddala Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 209

Qtn: How have you found education mu ssomero lye Mambu Pulayimale in the schools where your children ‘School’. Okusingira ddala baana are school? bange ababiri gye basomera. Ans: Education there is not of a Eki: Weddira ki? good quality especially in Mmamba Oku: Neddira Nte. Primary School were those two are Ebikkatiriza: Muwandisi wa butonde schooling. ku LCI Lukunyu. Mukyamuvu bulungi Qtn: What is your clan? era mutegefu bulungi. Tumusanze Ans: I am of cow clan. munda munyumba ye eyessubi. Era Notes: His the secretary of LC1 mwetumubulizza. Lukunyu. His a happy person and knowledgeable. We found him in his grass thatched house.

5 Joseph Ssenkungu (20 years old) 5 Joseph Ssenkungu (20 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Omulimu? Ans: I am a farmer as well as Oku: Ndi mulimi ate nga ndi Secretary Nabuyindo LCI. muwandiisi ku LCI Nabuyindo. Qtn: Your tribe? Eki: Eggwanga lyo? Ans: I am a Muganda. Oku: Ndi Muganda. Qtn: Where did you come from to Eki: Waava wa okujja ku Nabuyindo? settle here? Oku: Naava Busujju (Mubende Ans: I came from Busujju (Mubende District) nga nina emyaka mukaaga. district) when I am six years old. Eki: Olina omukazi n’abaana? Qtn: Do you have a wife and Oku: Nedda. Sinaba kuwasa. children? Eki: Kakati ggwe olowooza ki ekireese Ans: No. I am not married. obwavu? Qtn: According to you, what do you Oku: Ekisiringira ddala ffe abavubuka think has caused poverty? tetufunye buyigirize bumala. 210 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: First of all we youth we have Olw’abazzade baffe abatufuddeko. Ne not got enough education since we tutasobola kweyongera yo mu kussoma. have lost our parents and we fail to Eki: Ate ekirala? proceed with studies. Oku: Obwavu buleese abantu okufuna Qtn: What else? emize emibi. Nga okubba nga olina Ans: Poverty has led to some people obwetaavu. to develop bad habits like theft when Eki: Ettamiro lyo teribaddemu?. Nga they have a need. ggwe omuwandiisi mukulabo kwo? Qtn: What about drunkardness? Oku: Ettamiro lyo mweriri naddala Ans: Drunkardness is there more mu bavubuka abato ennyo. especially in the youth. Eki: Empalana eri etya yo mu Qtn: What about rivals amongst the bavubuka? Bo bakolagana? youth, are they cooperative? Oku: Bakolagona bulungi era ebikolwa Ans: They do cooperate and such ebyrekika ekyo tebirimu. bad acts of rivalries is not there. Eki: Mwe ngabakulembeze, Mulina Qtn: You as a leader have you ebibiina bya bavubuka bye mutonzewo? managed to introduce Community Oku: Tetunaba kutondawo bibiina era Based Organizations for the youth? buli omu ali ku lulwe. Ans: We have not introduced them Eki: Obutamanya byo buli butya? as yet every youth is on his own. Oku: Ensonga eyo eva kubutaba na Qtn: What about ignorance? buyigirize bumala. Ans: That issue is there just because Eki: Bya bugagga ki ddala by’olina people lack education. ewuwo? Qtn: What riches do you have at Oku: Ekibanja, naye nga sikyange home? kubanga kati kikyali kya taata wadde Ans: I have only a land and it is not yafa. mine it’s still my father’s land though Eki: Obulamu ddala oze obusanga he died. otya? Qtn: How have you found your dear Oku: Bweyongera kaluba olw’ensonga Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 211

life? nti, nfuna okw’egomba, naye nga Ans: My dear life has continued sirina we nja kufuna buyambi. Ate becoming very hard from time nga ne by’okola nga na byo tewali to time since I am desiring for nakatono. expensivethings yet I do not have any Eki: Eby’okwerinda byo biri bitya? help and what I am doing is lacking Oku: Eby’okwerinda byo birungi support. ddala, kubanga temuli bu menyi bwa Qtn: How is security in your area? mateeka. Ans: Security wise we are okay Eki: Naye obwavu bukutuusizako because in our area we do not have biwundu ki ddala? law breakers (criminals). Oku: Bwanemesa okusoma. Qtn: How has poverty troubled you? Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira abagabi Ans: First of all poverty limited me b’obuyambi? Naddala aba JICA. to continue with school. Oku: Batutekerewo emirimu. Naffe Qtn: What call would you like to obavubuka tusobole okufuna emirimu pass to JICA? mwe tuyinza okufuna ejjamba. Ans: They create for us jobs. So that Eki: Omuziro ggwo? even us the youth we are able to get Oku: Ngonge. jobs. Ebikkatiriza:Muto mu myaka, naye Qtn: What is your totem? alina ebirowoozo bye nga abizimba Ans: Ngonge. bulungi mu ngeri y’okubiddamu. Notes: He is young in age but have musanyufu. Twamubuuliza wansi mu developmental ideas. He asked him muti. from under a tree.

6 Joseph Ssemwanya (23 years old) 6 Joseph Ssemwanya (23 years old) Qtn: Your tribe? Eki: Eggwanga? Ans: I am Mugnda. Oku: Muganda. Qtn: Where did you come to settle Eki: Waava wa okujja okubeera kuno? 212 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

here? Oku: Ndi mutuze kuno ku Nabuyindo. Ans: I am a citizen of this place Eki: Olina omukazai n’abaana? Nabuyindo. Oku: Nedda Ssebo. Sinafuna mukazi. Qtn: Do you have a wife and Eki: Kakati, obwavu obusanze otya children? ggwe? Ans: No Sir, I have not married as Oku: Tuli wala na makubo gaffe. yet. Kubanga oluusi tulima ebintu byaffe, Qtn: How have you experienced naye ne bibulako obutale. poverty? Eki: Ate eby’enjigiriza biri bitya? Ans: We are very far from the main Oku: Tetulina masomero malungi mu road that is why at times we grow Nabuyindo munno. our crops and fail to get market. Eki: Ddala, obwavu bukutuusizako Qtn: What about on the education bisago ki, mu bulamu bwo? side? Oku: Mukadde wange yanfaako, Ans: We do not have good schools naye natunuliranga mutunilire. here in Nabuyindo. Kubanga naali nga sirina sente za Qtn: Surely what has poverty kumujjanjabisa. Ate yandekera troubled your dear life? bato banga, naye simanyi ddala bwe Ans: First of all my father died just tugenda kuyingirira bulamu bw’ensi because of poverty. I failed to take eno. him to hospital, now I remained with Eki: Nga ofundikira mulanga ki the big family, I do not know how I gw’olina eri abagaba obuyambi am going to manage it in this world (JICA)? of hardship. Oku: Abagabi b’obuyambi batuyambe. Qtn: As you summarize what call do Naddala mu mirimu gye tukola, nga you have to donor agency (JICA)? mu kulima. Nga kalakita, tusobola Ans: They should help us in our okugaziya ku nkola yaffe, kubanga field we as farmers, they can provide abasinga tuli balimi. tractors to enlarge our work, since Eki: Weddira ki? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 213

thebig numbers we are farmers. Oku: Ngonge. Qtn: Clan? Ebikkatiriza: Muto mu ndabika. Ans: Ngonge clan. Naye teyabadde mwetegefu, kubunga Notes: He looks young. He was’nt twamusanga ku makubo ge. ready to answer questions since we Twamubuliza wakati mu madduuka found him on the road side near the ga Nabuyindo. shops of Nabuyindo.

7 Milton Nkukuulu (41 years old) 7 Milton Nkukuulu (41 years old) Qtn: Your tribe? Eki: Eggwanga lyo? Ans: Muganda. Oku: Muganda. Qtn: Where did you come to settle Eki: Wavaa wa okujja okubera wano? here? Oku: Wano we nazaalibwa. Ans: I am a man of this soil (citizen). Eki: Olina abaana n’omukazi? Qtn: Do you have children and a Oku: Nina abaana mukaaga wife? n’omukazi. Ans: I have six children and a wife. Eki: Bizibu ki by’olina mu maaka go, Qtn: What problems do you have or okutwaliza awamu? found with your family? Oku: Obwavu bwe businga okunuma Ans: I am troubled with poverty me mu maka gange. and my family. Eki: Nga buva ku ki ddala? Qtn: What is the cause of that Oku: Obwavu bwajja kulwe entegeka poverty? embi. Ans: That poverty came as a result of Eki: Okola biki mubibiseera byo poor planning from youthful time. eby’eddembe, biyambye ntya Qtn : What you are doing in your abennganda zo? free time, are they beneficial to the Oku: Ne by’enkola nabyo tebijja family? bulungi olw’ensonga nti sirina sente. Ans: What I am doing also are not Ate baganda bange bo abali obulungi 214 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

so helpful and beneficial because I do bagaana okunyamba ko, olw’okuba nti not have money (I am poor) yet the nina abaana bangi. brothers who are well off than me Eki: Ddala, bukutuusizako bi wundu cannot help just because I have a big ki? number of children who can consume Oku: Mukazai wange bwe yafuna all the capital. olubuto, nasinga kibanja okusobola Qtn: What injuries has poverty okutukiriza sente enyingi omusawo ze caused to your life? yansaba. Nsobole okutakiriza obulamu Ans: When my wife fell sick last time bw’omukazi. Kale obwavu businze I had to secure the life of my wife kuntekako kiwundu ekyo ekyamanyi. when she was pregnant so poverty Eki: Naye olowooza n’obutamanya has wounded me in that way. n’abwo, tebulina kye buleese ku Qtn: Don’t you think that even bwavu? ignorance has caused poverty to a Oku: Nakyo kituufu. Obutamanya certain extent. buleese endwadde y’obwavu. Ans: It’s true ignorance has caused a Eki: Naye byo ebintu by’olima, byo disease of poverty. obifunidde obutale? Qtn: Have you managed to get Oku: Ebirime byo mbadde mbifunidde market for what you produce? akatale, naye obuzibu buli nti, buli Ans: I have managed to get market kasente kenfunawo, kagenda ku but the problem is, whatever money balwadde bange abawaka. Naddala I get I spent it on the sickness of omukazi, kati nga bwali olubuto. mychildren and a wife who is sick Eki: Enzijanjaba, yo ebadde nyangu ku due to pregnancy. baana bo nga balwadde? Qtn: Is health care been so easy to Oku: Enzijjanjaba, yo ntono ddala, your children when they fall sick? kubanga amalwaliro ga tuli wala. Ans: Health care services are very Okugeza Kanoni ne Bukalagi. poor in this area since we have not Eki: Amakubo gaffe, go, ogasanze got any nearby health unit. otya? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 215

Qtn: How have you found our feeder Oku: Amakubo mabi nnyo. Era roads? singa gaali malungi, singa entambula Ans: Our roads (feeder)are very nnungi. Nga okutwala abalwadde mu poor if not so our transport system malwaliro ne birime baffe mu butale. would have been better especially Eki: Olina bya bugagga ki by’olina in transporting sick people to those awaka wo? nearby health unit. Oku: Nina wo ekitundu kyo’omusiri Qtn: What type of wealth do you gw’emwannyi. have at your place? Eki: Olina mulimu ki ddala? Ans: I have a 1/4 of coffee plantation Oku: Ntera okulima obuntu nga only. kasooli, ebijjanjaalo. Qtn: What is your permanent Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira abagabi occupation. b’obuyambi mu kitundu kyamwe? Ans: I am used to grow things like Oku: Batuwole entandikwa. Tusobole maize and beans. okwe gyako olumbe lw’obwavu. Qtn: What appeal can you put Eki: Weddira ki? forward especially to JICA people Oku: Ndiga. towards your area? Ebikkatiriza: Ennyumba ye eri mu Ans: That they should give us mbeera mbi nnyo. Ya ssubi nga ate loans in terms of “Entandikwa” to ntono. Bonna mwe basula. Alina overcome poverty. abaana bangi, alina obuttooke Qtn: What is your clan? n’obumwanyi, awaka we. Ans: I am of Sheep clan. Notes: His house is in a very poor state. Its grass thatched with all his children and they are many. He has few banana planntations and coffee. 216 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

8 Maria Nayiga (...... years old) 8 Maria Nayiga (……years old) Qtn: Where did you come to settle Eki: Waava wa okujja wano? here? Oku: Burundi. Ans: Burundi. Eki: Kuno amazeeko bbanga ki? Qtn: For how long have you spent Oku: Simanyi, kubanga maama wange here? yandeta ndi muto nnyo. Ans: I don’t know because my Eki: Kati olina abaana bameka? mother brought me when I am still Oku: Bonna baafa, ne maama. young. Eki: Kati, ani yakuwa ekibaja kino? Qtn: How many children do you Oku: Omukko ye yakimpa eyaali have? yawasa muwala wange. Ennyumba Ans: All my children died and even nze najjezimbira. my mother. Eki: Kati bw’oba ng’olwadde, ani Qtn: Who gave this land where you akujanjaba? are? Oku: Tewali. Nze nejanjaba. Ans: My son-in-law gave me that Eki: Akabiro ki? land. She married my only daughter Oku: Ngabi. I remained with. Ebikkatiriza: Nayiga akaddiye nnyo. Qtn: When you fall sick where can Era, bambi, yettamiddwa ensi. you get the treatment. Kubanga mwana, taata, n’abaana be, Ans: No where, I treat myself. bamufaako. Ennyumba agyisulamu Qtn: What is your Totem? bw’omu. Talina buyambi. Ennyamba Ans: I am of Antelope clan (Uganda ya bisanja. Kob). Notes: Nayiga is very old and seems she is fed up of this world because all the children plus the wife all died. She sleeps alone in the house and lacks support. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 217

9 Esperato Kayondo (43 years old) 9 Esperato Kayondo (43 years old) Qtn: Your tribe? Eki: Eggwanga lyo? Ans: I am a Munyankole. Oku: Munankole. Qtn: When did you come to settle Eki: Wajja ddi okubeera wano? here? Oku: Najja mu lukumi mulwenda Ans: I came in 1986 - April - 18th. kinana mumukaga nga kuminamunana Qtn: Do you have a wife and ogwo’ okuna. children? Eki: Olina omukazi n’abaana? Ans: I have a wife and seven Oku: Nina omukazi n’abaana children. musanvu. Qtn: Are all schooling? Eki: Kakati, nga bonna basoma? Ans: The four children are schooling Oku: Abana basome, naye bo abasatu but the rest are still young. bakyali bato. Qtn: Now Chairman what problems Eki: Kati Ssentebe, bizibu ki ebiri mu do you have in this areas and your kitundu n’abantu bo’kulembera? subjects? Oku: Okutwalira awamu, bwavu. Ans: Generally we have poverty but Nga buvudde ku bintu bisaatu. it has developed from three factors. Eki: Ate amakubo? Qtn: What about roads? Oku: Tetulina makubo mulungi mu Ans: We do not have good roads I Nabunyindo. the area. Eki: Bizibu ki ebirala? Qtn: What other problem? Oku : Tusanga obuzibu obwokunwa Ans: We have a problem of drinking amazzi amabi. bad water due to unprotected wells. Eki: Ate ebyobulamu? Qtn: What of health? Oku: Tusanga n’obuzibu nga Ans: We encountered another tulwadde, amalwaliro gatuli wala. problem when we fall sick, health Eki: Ogambaki kubyengigiriza units are very far. mukitundu? Qtn: What is your view on the Oku: Eby’engigiriza nabyo bireese 218 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

education system here? okusoma kwa baana okudda emabega. Ans: Even education system has Olw’ensonga nti, essomero tulina caused the academic failure of the Mamba Pulayimale yokka. Ate children. We have only one school nga abaana bangi. Omusomesa (primary) yet we ha a big number of tasobola na kubamatizza kinomu nga children who cannot be satisfied by abasomesa. the number of teachers we have. Eki: Naye nga esomero eryo, Mamba, Qtn: Do that school (Mmamba) has dyo lirimu ebikozesebwa? Naddala the necessary materials like furniture? entebe. Nalyo liri mu mbeera nnungi? Ans: No sir, pupils don’t have desks Oku: Nedda Ssebo. Abaana tebalina they sit under trees and at times ntebe zitulwako. Batula mu miti nga affected by rain. basoma. Oluusi enkuba ebakuba ne Qtn: How have you supported the badda awaka nga balwadde. UPE system? Eki: Enkola ya bonna basome mu Ans: We have supported the UPE gyiwaagidde mutya mu kitundu? system by making bricks to buy Oku: Enkola ya bonna tugyiwagidde uniforms, books and money for lunch nga tukuba amatoofali,tugula “school at school. uniforms”, ebitabo n’obusente Qtn: Don’t you think paying a lot of ez,okulya eky’emisana ku ssomero. fees hasn not caused people poverty? Eki: Ate okuwa emisole eminene? Ans: True that, because even the Olowooza nakyo tekirese abantu bo coffee were we used to get some okwavuwala ennyo? money, it got diseases and even if Oku: Kituufu, kubanga n’emwanyi they are affected, they must pay ze babadde bafunamu obusente the fees which has led to poverty obuwerako, zifunye obulwadde. Ate zo especially to the poor. emwannyi ne bwezifa baalina okuwa Qtn: From the time you came here, omusolo munene. Kubanga ba beera what wounds have been caused by tebalina kulyazamanya gavernment. coffee? Ne kivamu kwavuwala, naddala ffe Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 219

Ans: I lost hope and energy reason abaavu. being that the coffee were I used to Eki: Okuva lwe wajja wano, ddala get money have wilted out. I see obwavu bukutaddeko bisago ki? it as a big wound especially to my Oku: Amanyi gampeddemu future. olw’ensonga nti, emwannyi zange mwe Qtn: How is your coorperation with mbadde nfuna obuyambi zifudde. Kale the people? kino ndaba nti ekisago kyamanyi nnyo Ans: Our coorperation is so good eri obulamu bwange obwo mumaaso. because the people are very humble Eki: Enkolagana n’abantu bo, eri etya? and calm and also hardworking. Oku: Enkolagana nnungi, kubanga They graize and buy chacks of land bantu bawulize, bakakamu era bakozi for farming. ba mirimu bulungi. Nga balunda, Qtn: What call would you pass to the bagula ebibanja okusobola okulima. supporting agencies? Eki: Nga omaliriza Ssentebbe, mulanga Ans: Let them come and have one ki gw’olina eri abagai b’obuyambi? on one interaction and get to know Oku: Bajje ku bantu kinomu bamanye our problems. They also bring us ebizibu byaffe. Kubanga kino kisobola tools like tractors and insectcides to okulaga ekifananyi ddala kyetulimu. spray our crops inorder to germinate Ate era, batuleetere ebintu nga because most of us here are farmers. kalakita, eddagala erifuyira ebirime Qtn: Do you have didtant relatives? byaffe, bisobole okubala ennyo. Ans: I only have my younger one Kubanga ffe abasinga munno tuli there. balimi. Qtn: Totem? Eki: Olina ab’oluganda bo ebbali? Ans: Lion. Oku: Ninako muto wange yekka. Notes: He is a very good man. Eki: Omuziro? Welcomed us well but his house is in Oku: Mpologoma. a very poor state. At home there is a Ebikkatiriza: Musajja mulungi era garden of maize. atwaniriza mu ngeri ey’ekiganda, 220 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

naye ennyumba ye mbi nnyo. Awaka waliwo omusiri gwa kasooli.

Book 12 Book 12 Luganda 1 Jerina Bonempa 1 Jerina Bonempa Qtn: Where did you come from and Eki: Wavaawa okujja wano? settle here? Oku: Naava Burundi. Ans: I came from Burundi. Eki: Oli waggwanga ki mu Burundi? Qtn: You are of which tribe in Oku: Hutu. Burundi? Eki: Okola mulimu ki ddala? Ans: Hutu. Oku: Nima bulimi bintu nga lumonde, Qtn: What are you doing here? n’ebijanjaalo. Ans: I am a farmer producing sweet Eki: Kakati olina ddala buzibu ki potatoes and even beans. mubulamu bweo? Qtn: What problems do you have in Oku: Abaana bange abandi nyambye, your life? baafa bonna. Ndi munaku kitange Ans: My children who would have naye yafa. assisting me died all. Eki: Temulina njala mu kitundu? Qtn: Don’t you have famine I the Oku: Enjala nnyingi ddala, era etutta. area? Eki: Ate ensonga y’obwavu, yo teriwo? Ans: Famine ha persisted and here Oku: Nabwo webuli bungi nnyo. it’s badly off. Eki: Ate bwo obulamu, oze obusanga Qtn: What about poverty in the otya? place? Oku: Okusinga mannyo ge ganuma Ans: Poverty is also here in plenty. ennyo. Naye nga obulamu mbadde Qtn: How have you found your life ngenda nabwo mpola mpola. generally? Eki: Baali baga janja bye ko? Ans: My life is not bad but I am Oku: Nedda. Naye nze nkozesa suffering from tooth ache very much ddagala ganda. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 221

but generally I am okay. Eki: Nga lwaki okozesa ddagala Qtn: Have you treated them? ganda? Ans: No. for me I am using Oku: Anti munange, sente tezirabika traditional medicines. zintwala mu ddwaliro. Qtn: Why are you using only Eki: Omuziro gwo? traditional medicine? Oku: Nkima. Ans: Just because I don’t have Eki: Kakati, mulanga ki gw’olina eri money to take them to hospital. abagaba obuyambi, singa babeera Qtn: What is your totem? bazze wano mu kitundu kyo, Ans: I am of monkey totem. okuyamba? Qtn: What call do you have especially Oku: Banyambe mu bulamu bwange, to the donor agency (JICA) if they mu njala, kati ennuma ennyo. had come to your area? Eki: Olina omwami n’abaana? Ans: To help me because I am facing Oku: Mulina. Naye abaana abange famine which is troubling me so baafa. Nga naali naali nabazaala mu much. musajja mulala. Qtn: Do you have a husband and Eki: Wano, wajja wo mwaka ki? children? Oku: ……Simanyi bulungi, kubanga Ans: I have but on side of children ebbanga liyiise nnyo. their all died. But I had produced Ebikkatiriza: Omukazi omukadde them from anothr man. alina akayumba ke. Kali mu mbeera Qtn: When did you come this place ? mbi. Ali mu bulamu obuzibu ennyo. Ans: ...... I don’t remember because Yaafirwa abaana nga kkumi na it’s a long time. mwenda. Twamusanga agenda ku Notes: The woman is old, has a house leeta mazzi ge. Twamubuliza wansi in a poor state. Living a poor life. Lost w’omuti, naye teyali mwetegefu all her children, about 19 of them. We nakatono. found heading to fetch water but we asked her from under a tree. 222 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

2 Charles Bisatu (48 years old) Vice 2 Charles Bisatu (48 years old) Vice Chairman LCI. Chairman LCI. Qtn: Tribe? Eki: Eggwanga? Ans: Muganda. Oku: Muganda. Qtn: Where did you come from and Eki: Wavaa wa okujja wano? settle here? Oku: Kalyankoko, Mubende district. Ans: Kalyankoko (Mubende district). Eki: Okola mulimu ki ku kyalo? Qtn: Occupation on the village level? Oku: Ndi mulimu ate nga nze Ans: A farmer and at the same omumyuka wa ssentebe ku Nabuyindo. time working as the vice Chairman Eki: Kati abantu bemukulembera, mu Nabiyindo LCI. basanze mu buzibu ki? Qtn: What problems have you Oku: Okutwaliza awamu, bwavu bwe encountered with your subjects? businga okubaluma entakera. Ans: Generally poverty is the one Eki: Naye nga, bwavu bwa kika ki which treats them very badly. ddala? Qtn: But what kind of poverty really? Oku: Okusingira ddala bwavu mu Ans: Most especially poverty in terms by’ensimbi. of cash. Eki: Kiki ddala ekisinze okuleeta Qtn: What exactly has attributed that obuzibu obwo? problem? Oku: Kiri nti ebirime byabwe Ans: The reason is that their produce tebigenda. Ate ne byebandibadde don’t get market and if they happen nabyo, nga ebigenda, ebbeyi ya byo eri to get market, price of the produce wansi nnyo. Awo ndowooza ne nfuna tend to be very low and that means yaabwe ne beera nga ntono nnyo. their (people income has to be little). Eki: Naye nga kiva ku ki, ebbeyi Qtn: What causes the price to be okubeera wansi? Abaguzi very low, are the buyers who exploit bebabanyiga, oba temulina butale? you or you don’t have the market? Oku: Kwegamba obutale nakyo Ans: That is to say even markets are kiyinza okuba ekizibu, naye na baguzi Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 223

problem to us but buyers also have bagereka emiwendo egyabwe. to fix their price on which to buy our Eki: Naye bukuyisiza ddala butya produce. n’abantu bo (obavu)? Qtn: But how has poverty treated you Oku: Bumpisiza bubi, kubanga generally with your family at large? nnina abaana be nkya somesa. Naye Ans: It has treated me very badly olw’obwavu, nsubira nti tebagya because I am still having children to kutuukka we nandyagadde batuuke. educate but due to poverty, I don’t Eki: Bo, babadde basoma? think that they will attain enough Oku: Yee Ssebo. education as I was willing. Eki: Eby’enjigiriza byo, bibadde bitya Qtn: But have they been schooling? mu kitundu? Ans: Yes Sir. Oku: Bibadde birungi ku engeri gye Qtn: What about education facilities twafuna enkola ya bonna basome. in the available schools in the area? Eki: Eby’obulamu byo bili bitya Ans: It is good at least as we got free mu kitundu? Mulina amalwaliro education under UPE programme. agamala? Qtn: What about the healthy care Oku: Amalwaliro gali wala nnyo. in the area are you having enough Okugeza Kanoni, Mityana hospital. healthy centres? Eki: Naye nga ago agali ewala, namwo Ans: Health - centres we are badly mulimu ebikozesebwa? off and are very far for example Oku: Ebikozesebwa mu malwaliro ago Kanoni, Mityana Hospital. agatuli ewala bibademu ebitono tono. Qtn: But even those which are very Eki: Obutamanya buli bitya mu far are they equipped with medical Nabuyindo? Kubanga nabyo, osanga facilities? buyinza okuba obulwadde obuleese Ans: Medical - facilities are they but obwavu. not in plenty. Oku: Obutamanya bwaali mwe buli, Qtn: What about ignorance n naye kati abantu abagenda bajjawo, Nabuyindo perhaps it can be the baleeta omulembe omugya. 224 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

one which has caused the persistent Eki: Eby’enima biri bitya byo? poverty? Oku: Tukozesa nkumbi. Ans: It was there before but every Eki: Mulanga ki gwe wandi kubye ku person who come in our area bring nkola ey’okukozesa emikono? new changes to outweigh the problem Oku: Tusaba batuwe ku tulakita, of ignorance. kubanga wano tusobola okugaziya ku Qtn: What about farming methods? nima yaffe. Ne nte ezirundwa. Ans: We use local tools like hand Eki: Ate, “plan”, yo eri etya mu hoes. kitundu? Singa babeera babawadde Qtn: What call do you have to put entandikwa, muyinza okugikozesa away the use of local tools like hand obulungi? hoes? Oku: Tulina “plan” abasinga obungi, Ans: We request those concerned to era nsubira abo abatono abatagirina, get us machines like tractors because bayinza okulabira kuffe singa babeera we can extend on our work and bagituwadde. Friesian cattle for grazing. Eki: Enkolagana, yo eri etya mu Qtn: Do you have the plan if kitundu? a chance comes to give you Oku: Okutwaliza awamu, tekyalimu “Entandikwa” can you utilize it very kubanga temulimu bibiina bya bufuzi well? mu kitundu. Okufananako nga edda. Ans: The majority I think have the Eki: Olina omukyala n’abaana? plan and the minority who are still Oku: Nina abakyala babiri n’abaana greedy can get much idea from the kkumi. brain washed. Eki: Bonna basoma? Qtn: How is cooperation in the area? Oku: Ababiri bali mu siniya. Ans: Generally cooperation is there Omunana bali mu pulayimale. because there is no political parties Eki: Omuziro? unlike before. Oku: Mamba. Qtn: Do you have a wife and Ebikkatiriza: Omumyuka wa Ssentebe Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 225

children? LCI Nabuyindo. Yatwaniriza mu Ans: I have two wives and ten ssanyu eringi. Awaka we waliwo children. ebittooke, emwanyi, naye nga bikadiye Qtn: Are all schooling? nnyo olw’enima embi gy’akozesa. Ans: Two of them are secondary Ennyumba ye eri mu mbeera mbi. level and eight are in the primary Twamubuuliza ku lubalaza lwe level. nnyumba ye. Qtn: Totem? Ans: Mmamba. Notes: The Vice Chairman LCI Nabuyindo has welcomed us in a very good way. At home there is plantations of banana and coffee but too old due to poor farming methods. His house is too sketchy one, he was interviewed a long his house veranda.

3 Proscovia Nabukenya (23 years 3 Proscovia Nabukenya (23 years old, Deputy Headmistress) old, Deputy Headmistress) Qtn: What tribe? Eki: Egwanga? Ans: Muganda. Oku: Muganda. Qtn: Where did you come from? Eki: Wavaa wa? Ans: Musimba - Busujju (Mubende Oku: Misimba, Busujju, Mubende district). District. Qtn: How many children do you have Eki: Olina abaana bameka n’abaami? and men? Oku: Nina abaana bana n’omusajja Ans: Nine children and one husband. omu. Qtn: Now what problems are here in Eki: Kaakati maama, bizibu ki ebiri Sekulo? mu Sekulo? 226 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: Our coffee plant has wilt and it Oku: Emwanyi zaffe zikazze mwe is the crop that we have been getting tufuna a kasente. N’ebirime byaffe much income and our produce fail to tebigenda olw’obuzibu bw’obutale. get market. Eki: Ate ekirala? Qtn: What else? Oku: Tetufuna nsigo nnungi okusobola Ans: We don’t get good hybrids to okuzamu eziba zifudde. Nga emwanyi replace those which have dried like ezembala, ebinyeebwa ne bitukuba groundnuts coffee and those ones obwavu. calls for poverty. Eki: Embeera ye ssomero yo ogyi Qtn: What about the condition of the sanze otya? Ebikozesebwa byo mulina school, are they enough education ebimala? facilities? Oku: Ekizibu ekisinga kya ntebbe Ans: The most problem is sitting z’abaana kwe batula. Naye nga byo furniture but other things we re still ebirala tukyali bulungi ko. okay. Eki: Enzizzi ate, zo ziri zitya? Qtn: What about wells in the area? Oku: Mbi nnyo era te ze gombesa Ans: Our wells are in bad conditions. nakatono. Qtn: What about healthy care or you Eki: Eby’obulamu byo biri bitya? Oba, have the health centres in the area? mulina eddwaliro mu kitundu? Ans: No health centre in the area and Oku: Edwaliro lituli wala nnyo, the one which we have is far away okugeza Kanoni wokka. Era like Kanoni, so we need a health unit. twetaagamu eddwaliro munno Qtn: Your occupation? omwaffe. Ans: I am the vice Chairperson Eki: Omulimu gwo? Sekulo LCI and at the same Oku: Nze omumyuka wa Ssentebe time I am working as the Deputy Sekulo LCI. Ate nga nina ekifo Headmistress, Sekulo Hill Side ekirala. Nze mumyuka w’omukulu we Academy. Ssomero. Qtn: But what injuries has poverty Eki: Naye ddala obwavu bukuleese ko Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 227

caused to you? bisago ki? Ans: It has caused my progress to Oku: Obwavu buleese enkulakulana lag behind like poultry keeping and yange okudda emabega. Nga rearing pigs as I was planning to start okwetandikira okulunda enkoko oba up that project. embizi. Qtn: Don’t you think that even Eki: Ate obutamanya? Olowooze ignorance has played a major role to tebulina kye buleesewo. Tebulimu, oba poverty? n’oluusi okuleeta eddwadde y’obwavu? Ans: Ignorance is there but comes Oku: Mwebuli obutamanya. Naye to some people as a result of being nga buva kumbeera nga omuntu half baked that is not getting higher mubugumweko ekitono. Era singa education to widen the knowledge of abantu baffe babadde basomye somebody. ekigenda ewala, singa tebulimu. Qtn: Do you have plans on your daily Oluusi omuntu abeera ayinza activities? okubeerako kyakola. Ans: People have the plans but lack Eki: Ate plan? Yo mugyirina ku bintu support to go a head with their daily bye mukola? activities. Oku: Abantu bo balina “plan”. Naye Qtn: Have you established women’s ne bwo beera nayo nga okola ebintu group so that you can whip poverty nga tebigenda mu maaso, tewabeera totally? mugaso nakatono. Ans: It is there and it s called Eki: Mutonze wo ebibiina bya bakayala “Akutwala Ekiro” Women’s Group. okulaba nti wegya mu bwavu? Qtn: What is the real purpose of that Oku: Ekibiina wekiri era bakiyita group? “Akutwala Ekiro Women’s Group”. Ans: We want to construct a healthy Eki: Nga ekigendererwa ky’ekibiina - Unit in the area so that we can ekyo, ki ddala? improve on the health problem for Oku: Twagala kuzimba ddwaliro mu the Community people. kitundu. Tulabe nti tulongosa ku 228 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: What arrangements do you have by’obulamu. to see that you uplift on the standard Eki: Ntekateka ki ze mulina okulaba of Sekulo Hill Side Academy? nti mwongera ku mutindo gwa Sekulo Ans: We are programming to increase Hill Side Academy? on the classrooms that is from P2 - Oku: Tuteekateeka kwongera ko P3. ebibiina okuva ku bibiri okutuuka ku Qtn: What appeal do you have to bissatu. JICA on the school program we and Eki: Kati mulangi ki gw’okubira aba the village at large? JICA ku ludda lwe ssomero n’ekyalo Ans: Me I am suggesting that they kyamwe, okutaliza awamu? should give us support mainly to Oku: Nze mbadde nsaba bwebabeera our school in materials like iron nga balina ekisigaddewo batuyambe. sheets, sitting furniture, a hand to Naddala essomero lyaffe, n’abakyala, the women’s group and the healthy ne ddwaliro lyaffe lyetugenda project so that we can improve on okuzimba. Tusobole okulongosa ku the healthy unit. by’obulamu mu kitundu. Qtn: Do you have enough teachers Eki: Abasomesa, bo mulina abamala? and your children are they Era n’abaana bamwe be musomesa understanding very well in teaching - bakwata ebibasomesebwa? learning situation? Oku: Tetulina basomesa balamu naye Ans: We lack enough teachers but bo, abaana bategera ebibasomesebwa. our children understand very well. Eki: Omuziro? Qtn: Totem? Oku: Ngabi. Ans: Ngabi clan. Ebikkatiriza:Essomero lya ssubi naye Notes: The school is grass thatched nga liri ku musingi gw’obwananyini. but at a higher level. The students Abaana basoma bayimiridde mu study while standing. It has only four bibiina byabwe. Lirina abasomesa teachers. The headteacher’s secretary bana bokka. Olugya lwe ssomero plays a good role and the position fits mulimu ebimuli. Omumyuka Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 229

him. w’omukulu w’essomero ateesa bulungi. Ebirowoozo bye, era ekifo kye kimusanira ddala ng’omusomesa.

4 Barnabus Mukusu Ssalongo 4 Barnabus Mukusu Ssalongo (53 years old) (53 years old) Qtn: What tribe? Eki: Eggwanga? Ans: Muganda. Oku: Muganda. Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Omulimu? Ans: Farmer. Oku: Mulimi. Qtn: Where did you come from and Eki: Kaakati, waava wa okujja wano? settle here? Oku: Buddu, Masaka district. Ans: Buddu (Masaka District). Eki: Olina omukyala n’abaana? Qtn: Do you have a wife and Oku: Nina abakyala babiri n’abaana children? kkumi n’abataano (15). Ans: I have two wives and fifteen Eki: Kaakati bizibu ki by’emusanga eri children. abazadde? Qtn: What problems do you Oku: Abazadde tebaleeta sente encounter towards parents? mubude olw’ensonga nti bamanyi nti, Ans: Parents don’t bring money nalino lya gavumenti. in time and they think that, it is Eki: Ettamiiro liri litya mu kitundu government basis. kyo? Osanga nalyo lireesewo obwavu? Qtn: What about drunkardness in the Oku: Banywa ku mwenge, naye nga area maybe it can also contribute to bo bakozi nnyo. Ere abantu baffe poverty? abasinga kuno balimi. Ans: They drink at least but they Eki: Naye nga balina ebikozesebwa are hard-working people and most of mukulima eby’omulembe? this area (Sekulo) is dominated by Oku: Tewali. Naddala nga tulakita. farmers. Ate nga ettaaka lyaffe ddene nnyo. 230 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: But do they have modernized Eki: Ate obuwuka bw’amuwogo, machines like tractors for their daily emwanyi? Kyo tekibaleeseko obwavu? usage? Oku: Kituufu. Naye emwannyi zo, Ans: Nothing like tractors and more tubadde tugenda tusimba endala. over everybody has huge piece of Naye ye muwogo atuweddeko. land. Eki: Enjala mu Sekulo eri etya? Qtn: What about cassava mosaic, Oku: Enjala, yo terimu nakatono. coffee wilt disease doesn’t it also Eki: Naye, obwavu bukuleeseko contributed to your poverty? biwundu ki ddala, ku bulamu bwo? Ans: It is time but on the side of Oku: Siyina kiwundu kyona kubanga coffee we have planted new breeds nze naali netegekera dda embeera to replace those which are destroyed yonna eyinza okunzigira. Okugeza, but for cassava we don’t have. nima emwanyi, ettaaka, lye mpangisa Qtn: What about famine in Sekulo? ko essomero. Ans: No famine at all. Eki: Weddira ki? Qtn: What injuries has poverty Oku: Nyonyi. caused to your life hood? Ebikkatiriza: Ssentebe wa bazadde Ans: No injuries to me because I Sekulo Hill Side Academy. Atuwadde laid firm strategies to any outcome, ebintu ebimufaako ebirungi. Nga fore example I have a lot of coffee musanyufu. Yekakasa byayogera. Era plantations, 4 acres and a land which alina esuubi ddene nnyo eri abagabi I rent to a school to earn a living. b’obuyambi. Nga entebe z’abaana, Qtn: Your clan? amabaati n’ebirala. Ans: Nyonyi clan. Notes: Chairperson of Sekulo Hill Side Academy told us the things that concern him. So happy and confident about what he says. Has higher hopes towards agencies that give support Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 231

for example desks, ironsheets among others.

5 George Mukasa (22 years old) 5 George Mukasa (22 years old) Ans: Occupation? Eki: Omulimu? Ans: Headmaster Sekulo Hill Oku: Nze mukulu wessomero Ssekulo Side Academy and also studying a Hill Side Academy, ate nga nsoma mechanic course at Mengo. obw’amakanika. Qtn: What problems do you have Eki: Bizibu ki ddala, mukulu we within your school? ssomero, bye mulina? Naddala mu Ans: The most serious problem here ssomero lyamwe lino? is the little money that we get from Oku: Ekizibu ekisingira ddala, sente parents to run our school programme. okuva mu bazadde, ntono okudukanya Parents say that the coffee where esomero. Naye nga bagamba nti they have been getting enough has emwannyi mwe babadde bagya been attacked by coffee wilt diseases. ejjamba zifunye obulwadde. Qtn: Which problems have you Eki: Abasomesa bo obasanze mu, observed within your teacehrs? buzibu ki? Ans: My teachers are good even Oku: Abasomesa bange tebabaddemu though their salary is delayed they buzibu bwonna. Wadde sente ziba have to wait until I pay them. ziruddeyo, abasomesa bagumikiriza. Qtn: Do you have safe water in the Eki: Muyina amazzi amayonjo area? mukitundu? Ans: Our wells are well protected Oku: Amazzi gatuli kumpi. Ate nga and are nearer to us. enzizi bazikuma bulungi. Qtn: What about ignorance in the Eki: Ate obutamanya, buli butya? area? Oku: Obutamanya bwo bungi mu Ans: Ignorance has hit the area and I kitundu kyaffe, era nsubira nti bye assure you that it is one of the major bintu ebimu ebireese obwavu. Era 232 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

problem which has led to poverty y’ensonga lwaki nateekawo a kasomero within the community people. kano. Qtn: Are the youths of this place Eki: Abavuka bamuno balina ebibiina managed to establish youth-clubs so bye batonze okulaba nti begya mu that they can fight that burden of butamanya obwo? ignorance. Oku: Ebibiina byo temubadde. Naye Ans: No youth clubs but we have tutaddewo emisomo gy’abakulu tulabe organized adult education so that we nti bayiga okuwandiika n’okwegya mu can help them to read and write and butamanya. that disease of ignorance may be can Eki: Obwavu, ddala bukutunsizako, be whipped out. ddala bisago ki? Qtn: What defects does really poverty Oku: Ebisera byange ebyomumaso caused to your life hood? bikosedwa. Buntaddeko e kizibu Ans: Poverty has resulted my future ky’obutaddayo ku soma, kubanga to lag in danger because now I have mbadde kati nkya soma. Naye been pursuing a mechanic course but obw’obuwavu, kati ndabika nti no money to continue, so my studies emisomo gyange gikomye wano. have ended here. Eki: Mulanga ki gw’olina eri abagaba Qtn: What appeal do you make to obuyambi (JICA)? donor Agency like JICA? Oku: Abagaba obuyambi, banyambe Ans: The donor Agency like JICA okunzimbira ku somero lyange should assist me to construct my lino. Lisobole okubeera mu mbeera school so that it can be on the good ey’omutindo. standard. Eki: Weddira ki? Qtn: Clan? Oku: Nyonyi. Ans: Nyonyi clan. Ebikkatiriza: Omukulu wessomero Notes: The headmaster welcomed yatwaniriza mu ngeri ennungi. Naye us very well but his classrooms are amasomero ge, gali mu mbeera mbi. very sketchy. He is a young man in Muto mu ndabika. Addamu ebibuuzo Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 233

appearance and was able to answer n’obuvumu. Amanyi ebizibu ebikwata us with confidence and he is very ku kyalo kye, okutwalize awamu. conversant with the problem of the school and the village at large. We interviewed him in his office.

6 Vincent Nkwanga (30 years old) 6 Vincent Nkwanga (30 years old) Qtn: Your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: A farmer, builder, a carpenter, Oku: Ndi mulimi, muzimbi, ate and at the same time Defense LCI n’okubajja. Era nze ow’eby’okwerinda Sekulo Kalagala. LCI Sekulo Kalagala. Qtn: Now how have you encountered Eki: Kati, ebizibu obisanze otya mu with the problems here? kitundu kino? Ans: We have poverty and this one Oku: Tulina obwavu nga buno buva comes mainly from the youths, they ku bavubuka baffe obutayagala kola. don’t want to work. Eki: Naye obwavu bukutuusizako Qtn: But what injuries has poverty biwundu ki n’amaaka go? caused to you personally and your Oku: Ndwaza abantu bange nensaga family at large? obuzibu bwe ntambula mu kitundu Ans: My people fell sick and I found okuva wano okubatwala e Kanoni ku the problem of transport means to ddwaliro. the healthy unit at Kanoni. Eki: Kaakati, eby’okwekulakulanya biri Qtn: Now that about developments bitya mu Sekulo? Naddala ku ludda in Sekulo mostly on the side of the lw’abavubuka? youths? Oku: Eby’okwekulakulanya tebiriwo Ans: No developments in the area olw’ensonga nti, mu bavubuka banaffe, because the youths are covered bajjudde obutamanya. N’enkolagana with ignorance and there is no co- eyaawamu, teriwo. operation among themselves. Eki: Olina omukyala n’abaana? 234 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: Do you have a wife and children? Oku: Nina abakyala babiri n’abaana Ans: I have two wives and eight munaana. children. Eki: Abaana bonna abo basoma? Era Qtn: Are they all schooling and what eby’enjigiriza biri bitya mu kitundu? about the standard of education in Oku: Abaana bange bonna basoma. the area? Naye byo eby’enjigiriza, byo sibya Ans: All my children are learning but mutindo. the level of education in the area is Eki: Omuziro? below the standard. Oku: Ngo. Qtn: Totem? Ebikkatiriza: Ow’ebyekwerinda LCI Ans: Ngo clan. Sekulo, Kalalaga. Musajja alina Notes: Defense LCI Sekulo Kalagala ebirowoozo ebirungi. Era amanyi is well conversant with the problems ebizibu ebiruma ekitundu kye. of the area. Is a jolly man with Twamubuliza ku labalaza lwe dduuka. constructive ideas. Was interviewed on the shop verandah.

7 Edisa Namanda (29 years old) 7 Edisa Namanda (29 years old) Qtn: Your occupation? Eki: Omulimu gwo? Ans: Farmer. Oku: Ndi mulimi. Qtn: As you the parents of the Eki: Nga mwe, abazadde b’abaana, children how have you found the eby’obulamu mu bisanze mu tya, healthy-care? munno? Ans: No healthy-centres in the are Oku: Tetulinamu malwaliro, era and we get a burden of taking them tukalubirirwa okubatwala nga to Kanoni and more-over no quick eKanoni. Ate nga n’entambula teriwo transport means. eyamangu. Qtn: Taking new developments in Eki: Kubye kwekulakulanya, naddala the side of women how have you ku ludda lw’abakyala, mu bijjumbidde Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 235

mobilized yourselves? mutya? Ans: We have our organization and Oku: Tulina ekibiina kyaffe nga it’s aim is based on hand-crafts like ekigendererwa, kuluka mikeeka, mats, baskets, so that we can at least ebisero. Okusobola okufuna sente have some money for our betterment. ezituyamba. Qtn: What about the roads are you Eki: Ate enguundo zo, olaba ziri zitya? okay? Oku: Enguundo zaffe sizamulembe, Ans: Our roads are not modern okutwaliza awamu. generally, and that is the major Eki: Ate eby’amasomero? Mu bisanze problem in our rural area. mutya muno mu Sekulo? Qtn: What about the issue of schools Oku: Tuli buti nnyo ku by’amasomero, in Sekulo? olw’ensonga nti, n’abaana baffe, Ans: With schools we are badly off basomera mu miti. Ku gamu because our children attend classes amasomero agaali mu kitundu. under tree shads in the available Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira aba JICA schools. okulaba nti ekitundu kyamwe nakyo Qtn: What call can you make to kyikulakulana? JICA to see that even your area Oku: Batuyambe ku bintu, nga achieve new development? okutulongoseza ku masomero, Ans: They (JICA) should help us in n’obuyambi bungi mu bintu renovating for us mostly on schools, eby’enjawulo. and other aid in different needs. Eki: Olina omusajja n’abaana? Qtn: Do you have a husband and Oku: Nina omusajja n’abaana children? musanvu. Ans: I have a husband and seven Eki: Omuziro? children. Oku: Butiko. Qtn: Totem? Ebikkatiriza: Omukyala aleete Ans: Butiko clan. ebirowoozo ebirungi. Wadde nga Notes: The lady is so argumentative twamusanze nga simwetegefu. 236 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

in giving her ideas although she was Twamusanze ava mu nnimiro, era not prepared we found her coming twamubuuliza mu nnyumba ye. from the garden and was interviewed Balina eby’obugagga nga ettaaka. Nga in her house. They have no wealthy kuliko emwanyi n’ebittooke. because the land is non fertile and around the house no coffee and banana plantations.

8 Moses Mugerwa (21 years old) 8 Moses Mugerwa (21 years old) Qtn: Tribe? Eki: Egwanga lyo? Ans: Muganda. Oku: Muganda. Qtn: Your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki, ddala? Ans: Shopkeeper and a farmer Oku: Ntunda dduuka, ate nnima engaging in things like beans and ebintu nga ebijjanjaalo ne kasooli. maize. Eki: Bizibu ki bw’osanga mu Qtn: What problems do you kuddukanya edduuka lyo? encounter to run your shop? Oku: Ebintu bye ntunda tebigenda Ans: The things which I am selling bulungi, olw’ensonga nti abantu are not demanded the reason being n’enfuna yaabwe, ntono. that, the income of the community Eki: Nga enfuna yabwe eyo, eva ku ki people is low. okuba wansi? Qtn: But what causes their income to Oku: Okusinga, abantu abasinga be low? obungi bagaayavu, naddala ku ludda Ans: Mostly the majority of the lw’abavubuka. Nga kino kiva mu people are too lazy mainly on the butakolera wamu eno e Sekulo. side of the youths and this results Eki: Eby’enjgiriza byo, biri bitya? from not cooperating together in Oku: Binafu nnyo ddala. Era Sekulo in various activities. twetaagamu amasomero ag’omutindo Qtn: What about the standard of mu kitundu. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 237

education? Eki: Mufuna abalimisa okubawa ku Ans: The standard of education is magezi ku nnima yaamwe embi ennyo? below and we need standardized Oku: Tetubafuna, era batwesudde schools in the area. nnyo. Y’ensonga lwaki ennima yaffe Qtn: Do you often get agricultural siyamulembe. officers to get some advice on your Eki: Mulanga ki gw’olina nga bad farming systems? omaliriza? Ans: We don’t get them, they are far Oku: Mutuwereze sente, ffe abavubuka away and that is why our farming tulabe nga twekulakulanya. Oba system is not modern. n’okuva mu mbeera y’obwavu. Qtn: What do you have when you Eki: Naye, ndowooza bayinza okubawa are summarizing? sente, naye nga mu bulamu ne Ans: They should get us loans mainly misomo ku bintu bye mugenda okola. to we the youths so that we can take Olowooza nakyo sikituufu? new developments may be we will Oku: Kituufu nti, abo ab’obuyinza, fight party in that way. bayina okusooka okutuwa emisomo Qtn: But I think they can give you egyikwatagana ne “projects” ezigenda the loans but even lacking seminars okutekebwawo. Tuleme ku kola losi. on how to run those loans, don’t you Eki: Omuziro? think so? Oku: Nkima. Ans: It is true but those concerned Eki: Olina omukyala n’abaana? they should first sensitize us on the Oku: Nina omukyala omu n’abaana projects which we are going to run so babiri. that we can not make losses. Ebikkatiriza: Musajja muto nnyo, Qtn: Totem? nga adduukanya akadduuka Ans: Nkima clan. ke. Mwetegefu, naddala mu Qtn: Do you have a wife and by’obugagga bye. Naye abulamu children? okuwebwa amagezi mu mirimu gye. Ans: I have a wife and two children. Twamubuuliza munda mu dduuka lye. 238 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Notes: A young man is running a shop, well organized in terms of properties but only lacks idea in his daily work mainly in the shop. Interviewed into his shop.

9 Christo John Musaazi 9 Christo John Musaazi (60 years old) (60 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: Farmer. Oku: Mulimi. Qtn: Since you came on Sekulo what Eki: Kati, bukyanga ojja ku Sekulo, obstacles have you encountered with biki bw’osanze ddala ebikalubiriza your life generally? obulamu bwo? Qtn: Nothing...... on the side of my Oku: Nedda ……Okujjako amakubo life, but only I observe these bad agatulemeseza, okutunda ebirime roads in our area that have prohibited byaffe ewalako. us to sell our produce. Eki: Kuno wajja ko buzi oba Qtn: You just came here or grew up w’okulidde? from here? Oku: Naavu lubaale mu Kabulasoke Ans: I came from Lubaale in ne nzijja ku Sekulo mu mwaka gwa Kabulasoke and I settled in Sekulo in 1975. the year 1975. Eki: Kaakati, bukya nga ojja kuno, Qtn: Now since you arrived here buzibu ki bw’olabye obukunyigiriza? what problems have you observed Oku: Abaana bange banfaako bonna, that have treated your life badly? era sirina muntu yenna ayinza ku Ans: All my children died and no one nnyamba mu bukadde bwange. Ate to assist me in this old age and on nga ndi mulwadde lwadde mu mubiri top of that I have a healthy problem. gwonna. Qtn: If you dig your produce where Eki: Kati, bw’oba nga olimye ebintu Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 239

do you sell them? byo, olina gy’obitunda? Ans: No where, I sell them at my Oku: Tewali. Mbitundira waka home because I don’t have quick wange, kubanga sirina ntambula transport means other places n order yamangu ensobozesa kutwalako to get enough money from them. wala. Okusobola okufuna ku sente Qtn: But are you confident with akawerako. the price on which they buy your Eki: Naye nga oli mumattivu produce? n’emiwendo gye babigulamu? Ans: No, because I am even Oku: Nedda. Kubanga mbeera ignorance about the actual price on simanyi miwendo ddala mituufu which the buyers have to buy our abaguzi gye babigulamu. Nze mba produce but I want a revolving fund njagala sente zisobola ku mbeezawo. however small it is. Eki: Musaazi, mulanga ki gw’okubira Qtn: Musaazi what call do you have abagaba obuyambi, singa babeera mainly to donor Agency if they come bazze muno, mu Sekulo? her en Sekulo? Oku: Nsaba banyambe ku bazzukulu Ans: I beg them to assist my five abattaano, mu mbeera zaabwe zonna. grandsons in their standards of living. Eki: Omuziro? Qtn: Totem? Oku: Nkima. Ans: Nkima clan. Eki:Olina omukyala n’abaana? Qtn: Do you have a wife and Oku: Omukyala yaafa. N’abaana children? baali mukaaga, nabo baafa. Ans: My wife and my six children Ebikkatiriza: Omusajja omukadde ali died at ago. mu mbeera mbi nnyo. Alina a kasisira Notes: The old man is in a very bad ke, talina mwana n’omu wadde state. Has a hut and has no child omukyala. Ennyumba ye, yeetoloddwa nor wife. His house is surrounded by emwanyi ne ebittooke bya musa. Naye coffee and banana plantation but the ettaaka sigyimu bulungi. Yabadde land is not fertile. Was so happy to musanyufu mu kutuuwa ebirowooza 240 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

share with us. bwe. Twamubuuliza mu lugya lwe.

10 Cosmas Wasswa (28 years old) 10 Cosmas Wasswa (28 years old) Qtn: How has poverty treated you Eki: Kale, obwavu bukuyisiza butya? generally? Oku: Obwavu bumpisizza bubi Ans: Poverty has treated me so badly nnyo. Olw’ensonga nti, sirina because I don’t have coffee where mwanyi mwenyinza okugya akasente I can get some money for my well a kanyamba. Era ebiseera ebisinga being and most of my time I work for mpakasa bupakasi mu bantu. other people’s work. Eki: Naye nga, bukuyisiza ddala, Qtn: But how poverty has treated butya, mu bulamu bwo n’amakaa go? your family and your life hood? Oku: Omusolo mpa munene, ndwaza Ans: I pay very high tax, my people abantu bange ate nga sirina buyambi often get sick and more-over I don’t bumala. have enough aid. Eki: Okola mulimu ki, ddala? Qtn: Your occupation? Oku: Nnima ebintu nga ebijjanjaalo Ans: A farmer engaging in things like ne kasooli. beans and maize. Eki: Ebintu ebyo by’olima, osigazaawo Qtn: On those things which you ko eby’okutunda? Ofune akasente grow do you keep some for home akakubeezawo? consumption and that one for sell to Oku: Yee. Nfisaawo eby’okulya meet other costs. n’okutunda. Ans: Yes, I keep some for home Eki: Naye nga ebbeyi gye babigula, consumption and some for sell. olaba nti e kusanyusa? Qtn: But are you satisfied with the Oku: Tensanyusa nakatono. Naye price on which the buyers take your mba njagala kufunayo kasente produce? kambeezawo. Ans: Not satisfying at all but I want Eki: Mulanga ki gw’olina eri abagaba to be having a small amount of obuyambi? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 241

money that cater for my well being. Oku: Kumpererera ku baana bange. Qtn: What appeal do you have to Basobole nabo okufuna obuyigirize donor Agency? obumala. Baleeke okuyingirirwa Ans: I need a support to my children obuzibu bw’obutamanya. so that they should attain higher Eki: Olina omukazi n’abaana? education ,so that they cannot be Oku: Nina abaana bassatu n’omukazi. covered with ignorance. Eki: Weddira ki? Qtn: Do you have a wife and Oku: Ngo. children? Ebikkatiriza: Enyumba ye sinnungi. Ans: I have nine children and three Alina abaana batonotono naye nga wives. tebali mu mbeera nnungi. Enyumba Qtn: Your clan? ye yeetoloddwa a kasiri k’emwanyi. Ans: Ngo clan. Teyabadde mwetegefu, naye era Notes: His house is old fashioned; agezezaako okutuwa ebinyonyerezebwa. has a small family but not in the good standard. The house is surrounded by a piece of coffee plantation. He was not prepared but he managed to give us at least a little data.

11 Damyano Kato (30 years old) 11 Damyano Kato (30 years old) Qtn: Where did you come from and Eki: Wavaa wa okujja ku Sekulo? settle in Sekulo? Oku: Nava Kitwe. Ans: I came from Kitwe. Eki: Wajja mwaka ki? Qtn: In which year? Oku: Najja mu 1972. Ans: 1972. Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Qtn : Occupation? Oku: Ndi mulimi. Ans: Farmer. Eki: Olima bintu ki, okutwaliza Qtn: What properties do you have awaamu? 242 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

generally? Oku: Nima ebinyebwa, bijanjalo, Ans: I have groundnuts, beans and kasooli. maize. Eki: Oli mumativu ne beeyi gye Qtn: Are you satisfied with the price bagulirako ebintu ebyo by’olima? on which buyers buy them? Oku: Nedda Ssebo. Sente zebampa Ans: No Sir, it is not satisfying at all tezimatiza, era banziba? and they cheat me. Eki: Obwavu bukuletedde buzibu ki Qtn: Poverty has resulted which mu bulamu bwo? problems in your life hood? Oku: ……Obwavu butuziza emabega, Ans: ...... Poverty has retarded our kubanga ffe batugerekera emisolo progress to move ahead because minene. Ate nga ffe tetulina kye we the poor they fixed high taxes tulina. Tuli banaku. moreover our income is very poor. Eki: Kati, ggwe eby’obulamu, ebisanze Qtn: How have you witnessed the otya? healthy care in the area? Oku: Obulamu bwange sibubi. Naye Ans: The health status is not bad naffe tufuba okola tulabe nga tusobola as such we work hard to see that, okubeera obulungi munsi. Naye we stay alive but the situations not tulemeddwa olw’okuba embeera embi conducive. nnyo. Qtn: Do you have a wife and Eki: Olina omukayala n’abaana? children? Oku: Omukyala mulina, naye omwana Ans: I have the wife but my child wange yaffa. died. Eki: Eby’enjigiriza obiraba otya muno Qtn: What about education in the omwamwe? area? Oku: Eby’enjigiriza tebibadde bibi Ans: With education we are not nnyo. Naye, era tusaba by’ongerwe badly off but we need a supportive mu amanyi. Naddala akasomero kaffe hand to our poor school which we kano akakuno akakatandika. have now in the area. Eki: Eby’amakubo oby’ogerako ki? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 243

Qtn: What do you have to say on Oku: Amakubo gaffe mabi nnyo the problems of roads? ate nga waliwo sente eziva ku Ans: Our roads are too bad whereas Gombolola ezidda ku kyalo. Ffe there is a little amount of money put tetulaba kyezikola. Ffe twelimira aside on the sub-county level to feed amakubo gonna agayita mukyalo. Ate the bad roads but it is embezzled, so neby’etaago tulina bingi ng’ekyalo. we take our responsibility to improve Eki: Eby’enjigiriza byo bibadde bitya? our village roads moreover we have a Oku: Eby’enjigirize tebibadde bibi, lot of problems within the villagers to kubanga amasomero weegali. Era solve. n’abasomesa sibabi. Qtn: Comment on the education level Eki: Ekibanja kino, ggwe wakigula? in the area. Oku: ……Yee Ssebo. Nze nakigula. Ans: The education level in the area Eki: Weddira ki, mulongo? is a bit alright because there is enough Oku: Neddira Ngo. schools and qualified teachers. Ebikkatiriza: Ono omusajja mulongo. Qtn: You bought this land on your Tawulira bulungi, enjjuye yassubi, own? alina omukyala awaka. Omukyala Ans: ...... Yes Sir, I bought it on my aganye okutwanukula. Naye nga own. kirabika nti, alina obulwadde Qtn: Your clan? bw’obutamannya. Ennyumba eri Ans: Ngo clan. mumbeera mbi nnyo ddala. Notes: The twin is deaf, his house is grass thatched, has a wife but reused to respond not because she does to know but it is due to ignorance. His mud house is shabby, wears torn clothes and they seem to be unhappy with the wife because of their low standard of living. 244 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

12 Emmy Kkalumba (30 years old) 12 Emmy Kkalumba (30 years old) Qtn: Your occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: A farmer engaging in things like Oku: Nima, kasooli, muwogo, maize, coffee and cassava. n’emwanyi. Qtn: What other responsibility do Eki: Olina obuvunanyizibwa obulala you have in the village? wano? Ans: Nothing, but I have to look after Oku: Nedda. Naye nga the neighbours in the village in any nvunanyizibwa okulabirira baliranwa. need. Eki: Wavaa wa okujja wano? Qtn: Where did you come from? Oku: Nazalibwa kuno. Ans: I was born here. Eki: Bakaddebo bombi webali? Qtn: Are your parents still alive? Oku: Omukyala wali, omusajja yaffa. Ans: Mother is still alive but father Eki: Obulamu obusanze otya, died. n’amakaago? Qtn: What about the health status Oku: Obulamu tebwandibadde with your family in general? bubi, naye, era ngeri ya bwavu Ans: The health status is not sad yetutawannya. as such but it is only poverty that Eki: Bwavu webuli? disturbs us. Oku: Yee. Tulina obwavu obw’omu Qtn: Is there poverty really? mutima, ng’omuntu tayagala kukola. Ans: Yes, we have poverty coming Era n’obwavu ng’ebintu, omuntu from laziness and another type of akola, naye tebijja. poverty is that people work hard but Eki: Eby’entambula, mu bisanze gain little from the their activities. mutya? Qtn: What about transport means in Oku: Entambula ntono olw’engeri ya the area? makubo. Ans: Transport and communications Eki: Ate eby’obulamu? very bad due to poor roads that we Oku: Nabyo sibirungi. Amalwaliro have this way. gali wala nnyo. Kyenva nsaba muno Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 245

Qtn: What about the healthy care? batuteremu akalwaliro. Ans: Not so good because healthy Eki: Eby’enjigiriza byo, mubisanze centres are far away from us and I mutya? request NGOs to construct one for Oku: Tebibadde bibi nnyo, kubanga us. tufunye akasomero ako bwananyini. Qtn: What about the standard of Abaana baffe abato mwe bayinza education in the area? okusomera ko. Era ne bonna basome Ans: With the level of education we bajjumbidde. are at least okay because we have Eki: Okuzaala abaana abangi, the private and government schools olowooza nakyo, sikizibu mu kyalo that have improved the quality of kyamwe? education. Oku: Era nabwo buzibu ddala, Qtn: Producing many children don’t kubanga bangi tebamanyi kya kukola. you think that it is also a problem in Eki: Ate obutamannya? Bwo tebulina your village? ngeri gye bukosezaamu bantu baffe? Ans: It is a problem but that is Oku: Yee. Era Ssebo, nabwo ignorance to some to apply family butuziyiza nnyo e mabega. Era planning. twetaaga misomo. Qtn: Don’t you think that ignorance Eki: Obwavu ddala buzze bukuyisa has also undermined our village butya mu bulamu bwo? people? Oku: Okusinga bumpisiza bubi nnyo Ans: Yes Sir, it is a disease also and naddala ku musola gwempa omunene ignorance has retarded our progress ate nga enfuna yange ntono nnyo. and we need sensitization seminars to Eki: Nga omaliriza mulanga ki gwolina improve on that. eri abagaba aboyambi, okugeza oba Qtn: How has poverty treated you in JICA? this life? Oku: Batuyambe okutuusa amasomero Ans: It has affected me alot in away gaffe ku mutindo ogweyagaza. Oluusi that i pay alot of taxes yet i earn less. nobutamanya buyinza okugwera wo 246 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Qtn: What call do you pass to JICA? ddala mu kitundu. Ans: They should help us lift the Eki: Omuziro? standards of our schools because Oku: Ngeye. ignorance might increase in the area. Eki: Olina omukyala nabaana? Qtn: Totem? Oku: Nina abaana bana nomukyala. Ans: Ngeye. Ebikkatiriza: Abuziiddwa abadde mu Qtn: Do you have a wife and sanyufu nnyo era atuyambye kinene children? mu kunonyereza kwaffe, ne nkolagana Ans: I have a wife and four children. ye naffe nnungi. Twamubuiliza mu Notes: We interviwed her from lugya lwe. Alina akasiri ke mwannyi compound and she was very happy. awaka we. Has a coffee plantation around home.

Book 13 Book 13 Luganda 1 Madalena Namugabo 1 Madalena Namugabo (37 years old) (37 years old) Qtn: Tribe? Eki: Eggwanga? Ans: Muganda. Oku: Muganda. Qtn: Do you have a husband and Eki: Olina omwami nabaana? children? Oku: Nina omusajja nabaana Ans: I have a husband and nine mwenda. children. Eki: Kati maama twogera obwavu, Qtn: But we talk poverty, poverty but obwavu naye ddala webuli? is it there really? Oku: Obwavu buva ku makubbo gaffe Ans: Poverty comes due to the amabi agatasobola ku tuusa mmotoka existence of bad roads that we have eno okugula birime byaffe tusobole in the area, the poor roads have okufuna yo ku kasente akatuyamba mu prohibited vehicles to come this end bulamu bwaffe. and take our produce in order to have Eki: Ate emwannyi zo ziri zitya? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 247

the revolving fund. Oku: Emwannyi nazo zikaze era Qtn: What about coffee in the area? singa tezakala singa tetuli baavu nnyo Ans: Plantation of coffee have wilt kutuuka wano. and if it was not the case, we would Eki: Ate ebyokwejjanjabisa byo muli not have been poor as such because mu mbeera ki? coffee is our income. Oku: Tetulina mu ddwaliro mu Qtn: What about treating yourselves kitundu era obulamu bwaffe buli mu are you alright on the matter? bizibu. Ans: No health unit in the area and Eki: Ebyokusoma byo bili bitya our life is in danger. mukitundu kyamwe? Qtn: What about education in the Oku: ……Ebyenjigiriza byandibadde area? birungi naye amasomero matono. Ans: ...... With education we are at Abaana tebasobola kugenda mwaago least okay but we have very few agali ewala ennyo, nadala abato. schools in the place. Our children Eki: Mujumbidde mutya enkola cannot go to those, which are very eyabonna basome? far from our areas mostly the young Oku: Enkola eyo tujjijjumbidde bulungi ones. ddala. Qtn: How have you supported the Eki: Obadde okuba mulanga ki universal primary education? kubyobulamu? Ans: With that programme (UPE) we Oku: Nze mbadde nsaba abobulamu have supported it very fully. bafube nezizi zaffe baziteekeko Qtn: What call do you make no emidumu, kubanga tetulina mazzi healthy care? malungi. Ans: Me I request the healthy - Eki: Mufunyewo emisomo workers that they should construct gyomwekulakulanya? for us good protected wells so that Oku: Emisomo tufubye okujjifuna era we have clean water in the place. tugezaako okwekulakulannya. Qtn: Have you got sensitization Eki: Mutaddewo ebibiina 248 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

seminars on your plans? ebyokwekulakulannya? Ans: We have got seminars in Oku: Yee Ssebo tugezezaako everything and we have taken new okubitekawo. development in the area. Eki: Temulabyemu obutamanya Qtn: Have you set up small-groups mubakyala? for your future developments? Oku: Abakyala tebamanyi, naye Ans: Yes Sir, we have tried to twategeera obutamanya bwaffe ne establish them. twekunga okwejjamu obutamanya Qtn: Haven’t witnesses ignorance fffekka naffekka. Wade nga mulimu amongst the women? abakazzi abempisa embi. Ans: As women we have mobilized Eki: Muffunye amagazi okuva ourselves to see that we overcome mubalimisa? that problem of ignorance among Oku: Ffe abalimisa eno ewaffe ourselves, although they are some tetubalaba era tetubafunangako. women with bad characters. Eki: Abavubuka bbo abawala nabalenzi Qtn: Have you got any advice from mubasalidde magezi ki okulaba nga extension workers? nabo bekulakulanya? Ans: We had never seen extension Oku: Ffe twandibasalidde amagezi worker and we work on our own. nga batweyunira, naye abaana abo Qtn: For the youths (both girls and buli muntu akola kikye. boys) what strategies have you laid Eki: Bbo bagala okukola? for them so that they take new Oku: Okukola bagala naye tewali developments in their future? abakkwata ku mukono buli mwana Ans: We would have made new atunulira mu kaddewe. strategies if they come nearly to us Ebikkatiriza: Omukyala musanyufu but they don’t everyone work on his ayagala okuddamu ebibuuzo, amanyi or her own. kyayogerako. Ali waka ne bba we Qtn: But do they really want to nabaana babwe. work? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 249

Ans: They work but no one can give them un upper-hand every youth wants to concentrate on his or her programme. Notes: The woman is jolly wants very much to respond, knows what she talking. She is feeling at home with the husband.

2 Erivasita Kakande (52 years old) 2 Erivasita Kakande (52 years old) Qtn: Tribe? Eki: Eggwanga? Ans: Muganda. Oku: Muganda. Qtn: How many children do you Eki: Olina abaana bameka? have? Oku: Nina abaana abawerako Ans: The number of chilren is big nabazukulu. and grandsons. Eki: Kuno wajjako buzi oba oli Qtn: You just come on this area or mutuuze enzaalwa eyakuno? you are the citizenship of the area? Oku: Najjako buzi ngava Busujju, Ans: I just came in the area from Mubende districti. Busujju, Mubende district. Eki: Maama, batubulidde nti olina Qtn: We have been informed that e kirowoozo ky’okuzimba eddwaliro you have the idea of constructing a wakijjawa? healthy-unit where did you get that Oku: Nze nafuna omukisa okutambula knowledge? mu bitundu ebitali bimu era nendaba Ans: I got a chance and moved in obulwaliro nange kyenava nkoppa different areas it’s where I copied e kintu ekyo era nabantu bonna ne that idea. And I came to conclude bampagira era nebakisanyukira. that, to uplift on the healthy-care of Eki: Mukutandika e kintu ekyo, the community people, it was needed osanzemu bizibu ki, era buzibu ki bwo 250 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

to set up a healthy unit. kyalina? Qtn: Since you started that project, Oku: Obuzibu bwenina, abakyala what problems have you encountered bakyalimu okwenyoma era and challenges you are still nobutamanya ate nga bebawagizi experiencing? bange mukuzimba eddwaliro lino Ku Ans: The problem which I still have Sekulo. with fellow my women is that, they Eki: Ggwe mulanga ki gwolina eri have inferiority abagaba obuyambi ku bintu byamwe complex and ignorance to think on ebyo byemutandisewo? how to run our project. Oku: Batuwa obuyambi bwe Qtn: What call do you have on your bikozesebwa muddwaliro lyaffe tusobole strategies so that they can prosper? okutumbula ku byobu lamu mu Sekulo. Ans: The donor Agency (JICA) Eki: Ate obutamanya buli butya should keep us in medical, facilities naddala muno mu Sekulo? so that we can uplift the Oku: Obutamanya businze kubeera healthy-care in Sekulo. ku basajja era buleesewo awatali Qtn: Comment on ignorance in nkolagana mu bbo bokanaboka. Sekulo. Eki: Ate obulwadde bwe mwannyi buli Ans: Ignorance it is mostly found in butya mukitundu? men and this has led non-cooperation Oku: Obulwadde bwemwanyi bungi between men naye kino kivudde ku bantu baffe buta themselves in several activities. genda mumisomo okwongera okufuna Qtn: What about the coffee with amagezi eri abalimisa. disease in the area? Eki: Abalimisa bbo mu bafuna Ans: The coffee with disease is on mubungi naddala okubawa ku magezi the high rampant and this comes from mu nnima yamwe? within the people themselves, that Oku: Abalimisa balemerreddwa ddala is neglecting Agricultural seminars okutunkiriza omulimu gwabwe eri organized by extension workers. abalimi. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 251

Qtn: But do you get agricultural Eki: Ettaaka lyo mu kitundu olisanze officers often mainly to advice on otya kwe mulima ebintu? farming methods? Oku: Ettaaka lyo likaddiye Ans: Agricultural officers have failed olwobutamanya bwa bantu totally to educate us on how to obutagendamu misomo okulaba ddala improve on our work. bayinza batya okuuma obugyimu bwe Qtn: How have you found the soils ttaaka. in the area? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: The soils have exhausted but Oku: Nze muwandiisi ku Kakiiko this also comes from the ignorance of kabakyala ate nga nze omumyuka ku our people not to attend agriculture gombolola LC III Kyegonza. seminars on the way how to improve Eki: Omuziro? the exhausted soils. Oku: Njovu. Qtn: Occupation? Ebikkatiriza: Mulimi eyenyigira Ans: Secretary for Women’s mu kusimba ebittooke okufunamu Committee and Vice Chairperson akasente okusobola okulabirira amaka sub-county LCIII Kyegonza. ge. Ayogera ne sanyu lingi era Qtn: Tetem? ekifokye nga omuwandisi nobumyuka Ans: Njovu. ku Gombolola LCIII Kyegonza. Notes: A farmer engaging in Twamubuuliza wansi womuti mu things like banana and “Musa” lugya lwe. plantationwhere she gets local - juice to sell and earn a little income for the family. Speak with smiling face and she is capable of being the Secretary for Women’s committee and Vice chairperson LCIII Kyegonza. Was interviewed under the tree shade. 252 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

3 Yasento Lukyamuzi F 3 Yasento Lukyamuzi F (50 years old) (50 years old) Qtn: Are you a foreigner or Eki: Kuno oli mugwira oba olimuttaka? citizenship of this place? Oku: Ndimutaka Ssebo era nzaalwa Ans: Citizenship of the village yakuno. Lusenke. Eki: Ggwe mukulaba mukulu Qtn: To your observation Lukyamuzi Lukyamuzi kiki ekiviriddeko abantu what has made the life of our people baffe okufanana mu mbeera embi to be in terrible situation? gyebafanana mu enaku zino? Ans: Most especially our people Oku: Okusinga abantu baffe in Lusenke village they produce abekitundu balimi, naye ebintu byaffe things of low quality, they don’t have tubikolera kumusingi gwawansi. modernized machines to exchange on Tebalina bintu bikola nga “tractor”, their work / production. Again they era enima nfunda nnyo. Abantu baffe work very hard but their income is bakola nnyo naye bayinginza kitono very low moreover they have to meet nnyo ate nga ebibetagisa bingi ddala. other costs. Next reason is that many Ensonga endala abaana abasomye of our children who have completed tebafuny emirimu ate nga bye their education are jobless so, there basomye tewali we bayinza ku bikola is a need to start - up technical okujjako okubonabona kale bandi institutions that can employ them. batandikiddewo amakolero amatono Qtn: To your observation don’t you agayinza okubatwala nebakola ne think that even the youths in this basobola okufunamu sente. area are so idle or may be they work Eki: Ggwe mukulaba, abavubuka but the income is low? bamuno bakozi oba nabo balugogyamye Ans: They would have been hard- tebagala byakukola? working if they get support from Oku: Bandibadde bakozi singa outside. bafunnye abakwata ku mukono. Qtn: In our area how have the people Eki: Ekitundukyamwe ebyobulamu mu Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 253

encouraged the health care? bitutte mutya. Abantu ebyobulamu Ans: People have encouraged babijjumbidde? themselves by attending seminar on Oku: Abantu baffe bakyabulamu health status like sanitary conditions emisomo egyikwata ku byobulamu. (safe water, latrines). Okugeza, amazzi ne kabuyonjo. Qtn: Don’t you think that even Eki: Ate obutamanya tolowoza nti ignorance has played a bit role to nabyo bwandiba nga butukoseza kinene poverty? nnyo? Ans: It is true but we need Oku: Anti naffe twetaga emisomo nga sensitization seminars to out-weight bwenjogedde abantu baffe bajjudde the wide spread of ignorance. obutamanya. Qtn: Are the Agricultural officers Eki: Abalimisa mu bitundu byamwe fulfilled the task in giving an advice bbo batuuseemu? to farmers? Oku: Okusinzira ku mulembe gw’edda Ans: According to the colonial period nga tufugibwa abazungu, abalimisa the agricultural officers used to bagyanga mubantu nga babasomesa advice people on farming methods, era nokubalabula akabi akajja, naye but nowadays are nowhere to be kati ffe tetukyabalaba. Abantu seen. Farmers suffer alone on the berwanako bokka. Tebamanyi kyakola little knowledge they have on farming era nakyakulima kituufu. systems. Eki: Ggwe mu bulamu bwo obwavu Qtn: To your life generally what bukuleeseko bulemu ki era nabisago poverty has undermined on your life ki? hood? Oku: Nze nina abaana bandi sobodde Ans: Me I have my children who okusoma ne batuuka waggulu ennyo were still pursuing in their education naye olwobwavu tulemeddwa. Naffe but due to persistent poverty I endya siyamulembe era kituziza nnyo failed to continue with their further obulamu bwaffe emabega. education. Even our diet is bad and Eki: Olina omukyala nabaana? 254 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

has undermined our life-expectancy Oku: Abaana mbalina era bali kkumi to decline. nomu (11), nomukyala. Abaana Qtn: Do you have a wife and abamu basoma abalala bato. children? Eki: Mujumbidde mutya enkola Ans: I have eleven children and a yabonna basome? wife some of them are schooling Oku: Tebadde mbi, naye abesomesa others are still bbo ebanyiga nnyo kubanga baali young. bamanyidde sente eza “fees” Qtn: How have you supported the ezagatibwanga ku misaala era universal primary education? nabaana okubawa edddembe ennyo Ans: Not so bad, but to teachers it ebyenjigiriza biserebye nnyo. suppresses them too much because Eki: Abasomesa bemulugannya nti they were used with some addition abazadde temulimye lubimbi gavumenti money on their salary. And giving lweyabalekera. Gwe ensonga eyo olina too much liberty to children on this kyogyogerako? UPE, the standard of education has Oku: Ensonga eyo ntuuufu naye deteriorated. ngobuzibu buva ku bwavu. Abazadde Qtn: Teachers complain that even tebalina sente ate abalala tebamanyi you parents you have failed to fulfil bumanya. your requirements on this programme Eki: Olina mulanga ki gwokubira aba as the government left with you JICA? (parents) at least to give a hand Oku: Bagye batuyambe mu byobulimi somewhere, what do you have to nga bwe tuli balimi, batuletere say? emisomo egyitubangula tusobole okuba Ans: It is true but the problem abantu abeyagala munsi muno. comes from lack of enough money Eki: Weddira ki? to parents and ignorance which has Oku: Neddira Nte. covered some illiterate parents. Ebikkatiriza: Omwami musanyufu nga Qtn: What appeal do you have to addamu ebibuuzo, amanyi bulungi Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 255

JICA in order to improve on those ebizibu ebiruma abantube era naye problems? ebimuluma. Tumubuliza muddiro lya Ans: They should come-up and keep kitaawe. us mainly in agricultural sector as most of us were farmers in things like seminars to enlight us on our work. Qtn: Clan? Ans: Nte clan. Notes: The informer is to fully when answering, too intelligent knows the problems of the society and himself too. We interviewed inside the sitting room of his father. 28 Dec. 1999. Saali Parish, Bukalagi LCI

4 Alozious Kakinda (51 years old) 4 Alozious Kakinda (51 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: Farmer. Oku: Ndi mulimi. Qtn: Things of which kind? Eki: Olima bintu nga ki? Ans: Matooke, cassava, sweet Oku: Nima ebitooke, muwogo, potatoes and other different plants. lumonde ne bibala nabyo mbirima. Qtn: Is this your birth place? Eki: Mukulu, olimutuuze wakuno? Ans: Yes Sir, this is my birth place Oku: Yee. Ssebo, ndi mutuuze wakuno and this is my father’s home. era maka gano gega kitaange. Qtn: What problems really have Eki: Buzibu ki bwolaba obutuviriddeko caused poverty to our people? obwavu obungiennyo bwetuti Ans: Our colonial masters taught us obulimubantu? to seek jobs rather than being job- Oku: Okusooka ekisumuluzo creators. So we had had a bad start kyabazungu kyali kikyamu kyetwafuna 256 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

from them and that is why people abantu tebasobola kola mirimu are so poor to that extent. May be gyivaamu gyamba okujjako okulinda another thing farmers do not practice egya wofisi. Mpozzi nekirala abalimi good farming systems such that tebategeka bulungi nimiro zaabwe, they can still earn more from their kugenda nga badiringanya ebirime produce. byabwe. Qtn: What else has caused the life Eki: Kiki ekirala kyolaba ekyongedde status of our people? okuleetera abantu okuba mu mbeera Ans: Our people do not know how embi? to budget their time mainly on how Oku: Abantu baffe tebamannyi to adapt new strategies. Our people kugabanya biseera byabwe kukola mostly the youths do not know how mirimu gya kwekulakulanya. Abantu to budget their time that is when to baffe naddala abavubuka beyambisa work and when to rest and at the end bubi nnyo ebiseera byabwe ate bwe their cry poverty. bava awo nga bakaaba obwavu. Qtn: Is there neglect of work to Eki: Mu kitundu kino abavubuka teba youths here? nnyoma mirimu? Ans: The youths have a bad character Oku: Abavubuka bamuno balina of not wanting to work on their own emize. Tebagala kukola mirimu but they want quick money through gyabwe kubwabwe, wabula bagala deals. kozesebwa ne bintu ebyokugoba “deal”. Qtn: You as elders how have you Eki: Abavubuka mwe abantu abakulu managed to mobilize the youths to mu bayambye mutya? Mutaddewo see that they take new developments ebibiina ebyokwekulakulanya? that is establishing Community Oku: Webale Ssebo. Nange Based Organizations for their own nakibuuzako abakulu bo’bukiiko betterment? era nembasaba batondewo obubiina Ans: As elders in the area both mubavuka obuyinza okubayamba with community leaders, we are still okulakulana. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 257

proposing on that issue, but I hope it Eki: Abavubuka balemeddwa will succeed fully. okutondawo obubiina obwa nakyewa. Qtn: Youths have failed to mobilize Obuzibu tubuteeke kwani? themselves to set up such groups but Oku: Obuzibu obwo katubuteeke kuffe whom now to blame? ffennyini abantu abatateeka bintu bino Ans: It is we elders to be blamed munkola. because we have failed to put things Eki: Olina bya bugagga ki ewuwo? in action. Oku: Nina ekibanja kyenimamu Qtn: What properties do you have? emmere. Ans: Land for cultivation. Eki: Obulamu bwo oze obusanga otya? Qtn: How have you been disturbed Oku: Obulamu bwange nze by life generally? mbweyagaliddemu nnyo, naye Ans: Very happy generally but it bukalubye olwe mbeera yensi started to change when my economic n’ebyenfuna naddala olwo’kubanga status have declined due to the tetwakola “FamilyPlanning” atenga changing world because we never abaana bangi nnyo okusinzira practice family planning at first. So, enfuna yange entono. Kale obulamu depending on my very little income. bwange nebufuna obuzibu era Looking after many children, life nokunyigirizibwa. expectancy has changed a lot. Eki: Ggwe mukulaba ofunye bwaki era Qtn: To your observation what nokunyigiribwa ki mu bulamu bwo caused such a situation in your life? nga kivudde ku bwavu? Ans: My life to be like this I blame Oku: Ekisinga okunkosa obulamu the government because it has bwange gavumenti bwe butamanya nti neglected we elderly people, mainly omuntu womukyalo afuna mpola ate villagers, like imposing heavy taxes nabigikibwa agasolo aganene ennyo ate on low income earners like us. nga afuna mpola. Qtn: The issue of ready markets for Eki: Kusonga yobutale gwe okyogerako your produce what do you have to ki? 258 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

say on it? Oku: Abaguzi batunyigiriza naye nga Ans: The buyers exploit us too much kiva kubantu baffe kubanga bonna but this one comes from our local balima ekintu kyekimu tebamanyi people to plant only one type of crop kugaziya ku birime byabwe. Bonna rather than digging a variety of crops balima ekintu kye kimu. that can fetch much income. Eki: Olina omukyala nabaana? Qtn: Do you have a wife and Oku: Omukyala mulina, nabaana children? munana (8). Ans: I have a wife and eight children. Eki: Mulanga ki ggwokubira abagabi Qtn: What call can you address to bo buyambi aba JICA? donor agency like JICA? Oku: Nze omulanga ggwembakubira, Ans: My address is that if the JICA bwe baba nga bajja eno okutuyamba people know, they should teach us basooke kutusomesa okubala ebitabo the way of keeping records, that is, era ne nsasanya ne nyingiza, kubanga our expenditure and income so that ebiseera ebisinga tetumanyi kulaga we cannot be poor as such. nsasaanya nannyigiza yafe, kale Qtn: Your Clan? batusomese. Ans: Nte Clan. Eki: Weddira ki? Note: The man knows what he talks Oku: Neddira Nte. and well vast with the problem of the Ebikkatiriza: Omusajja ategeera village and has many opinions for the bulungi byayogera, amanyi obuzibu era development of the area. We have alina ne nsonga eziyinza okumalawo met him at this father’s home. obwavu mu kitundu. Tumusanze 28 Dec. 1999. Saali Parish, Bukalagi mumaka ga kitaawe era tumubuliza LCI. muddiiro.

5 Zowe Namutebi (80 years old) 5 Zowe Namutebi (80 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: Farmer. Oku: Ndi mulimi. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 259

Qtn: I hear that you are a widow, is Eki: Mpulidde bakuyita namwndu. it true? Kituufu? Ans: Yes Sir, it is true I am a widow. Oku: Yee. Ssebo, kituufu ndi Qtn: You just came from far or it is namwandu. your birthplace? Eki: Kuno wajjakobuzzi oba olimutaka? Ans: I came for marriage from Oku: Najjako kufumbirwa. Nava Buddu. Buddu. Qtn: When did your husband die? Eki: Omwami wo yafa ddi? Ans: Died in 1993, it is now six years Oku: Yaffa mu 1993, kati emyaka since. mukaaga (6 years). Qtn: When he was still alive what Eki: Nga tanaffa mwakolanga was your work? mirimuki? Ans: We were farmers growing Oku: Twalinga balimi nga alima things like maize, Irish potatoes, ebintu nga Kasooli, obumonde rearing goats and planting mangoes obuzuungu, nga alunda embuzi, alima for sell and selling Catholic jewels to emiyembe era nga aluka ebintu bya Catholics at Bukalagi Parish. kelezia; emiddaali, era nga abitunda Qtn: Your tribe? ku Kelezia eBukalagi. Ans: Muganda. Eki: Oli waggwanga ki? Qtn: In which year did you come Oku: Ndi Muganda. here? Eki: Wajja mwaka ki? Ans: 1933. Oku: Najjamu 1933. Qtn: How many children did you Eki: Wazala abaana bameka? produce? Oku: Nazaala abaana 13 naye nsigaza Ans: I produced thirteen but now I abaana 7 bokka abalala bafudde. have only seven, the rest died. Eki: Buzibu ki bwosanze mukukuza Qtn: What problems have you abaana abo bonna? encountered to bring up your sons Oku: Nze nsanze obuzibu and daughters? mukubawerera naye kati bonna 260 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: The problem mostly based on basoma era nebafuna amaka gabwe. educating them all until each one got Eki: Nkolagana ki gyolina nabo his or her home. abaana bano abalenzi? Qtn: How far your cooperation Oku: Tukolagana bulungi naddala mainly with the boys? bano bendi nabo okumpi. Ans: We cooperate mainly those ones Eki: Gwe olaba bintu ki ebiyigiriza which are nearer to me. obulamu bwo? Qtn: To you really what has disturbed Oku: Nze sirina sente zenkozesa your livelihood? naddala nga kati nga mpeddemu Ans: Me I do not have a revolving amannyi sikyasobola kukola nkadiye. fund and moreover I have lost Naye obwavu tebunsobozesa kukozesa strength because I’m too old. sente. Qtn: How have you encountered your Eki: Obulamu bwo obusanze otya old age? muzeeyi ? Ans: Life is not bad as such and I Oku: Obulamu sibubi era sirina don’t have any weakness in my body. nkenyera yonna. Qtn: Clan? Eki: Weddira ki? Ans: Mmamba Clan. Oku: Neddira Mmamba. Qtn: What appeal do you have to Eki: Mulanga ki gwokubiri aba JICA? JICA? Oku: Nze mbasaba batuyambe naddala Ans: They should assist us people ffe abakadde ate banamwandu. in the old age, mainly I myself the Ebikkatiriza: Nammukadde widow. akyategeera bulungi era afaayo, Notes: The old woman is still amanyi kyayagala. Tumusanze brilliant and cares a lot to the needs munjuye muddiro ne batabani be of the village. We met her inside the babiri. Basajja bakulu ddala. house with her two sons who had paid a visit to her. 28 Dec. 1999. Saali Parish, Bukalagi Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 261

LCI.

No.6 Rose Naluyange No.6. Rose Naluyange (45 years old) (45 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Omulimu ggwo, maama? Ans: I am a traditional midwife. Oku: Nze ndi muzaalisa owekinansi. Qtn: Tribe? Eki: Eggwanga lyo maama? Ans: Muganda. Oku: Ndi Muganda. Qtn: Where did you come from and Eki: Wavawa okujja kuno? settle here? Oku: Nze ndi muzaale wakuno. Ans: Lusenke is my birthplace. Eki: Bakadde bo webali bombi? Qtn: Are your parents still alive? Oku: Bombi baafa. Ans: Both died. Eki: Omulimu ggwobuzaalisa ogusanze Qtn: How have you found your work otya? as a traditional midwife? Oku: Sigusanze bubi era nzalisiriza Ans: Not so bad for the period I have ebbanga lweze. Omulimu gguno spent in it, because it has paid me ngwagadde nnyo kubanga gumpadde very highly, thus escaping poverty in akasente nemponna obwaavu. that way. Eki: Buzibu ki bwogusanzemu omulimu Qtn: What problems have you ogwo? encountered in your work? Oku: Abakyala mbasanze nga Ans: To women generally I found bayisibwa bubi nnyo ddala mu mbeera that their life status has been very zabwe zekikyala mbi gokuvamu bad, like unnecessary abortion mainly embuto. to girls. Eki: Singa obadde nomukyala Qtn: If you have been helping ngomuzalisa naye nakulemera, okola someone to deliver a baby, but nearer otya? to the end you get a problem, what Oku: Embeera eyo nzibu kubanga can you do at that very moment? mba nina kufuna pikipki (bodaboda) 262 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: That life status is very bad but ne muwereza Gombe ewali eddwaliro I have to get a Boda boda man and omuli Dakitaali. take the mother to the big hospital Eki: Ggwe mukulabakwo obwavu like Gombe where there is a doctor webuli mukitundu? better than me. Oku: Obwavu bungi ddala. Qtn: To your observation do you Eki: Obwavu bwakika ki? really see poverty in the area? Oku: Anti buwuka bwammwanyi bwe Ans: There is rampant poverty. bubuleese. Qtn: Which type of poverty is it? Eki: Obutale bwebirime bw’omubulina Ans: It is coffee wilt diseases that Oku: Obutale bwo webuli obutonotono. have caused poverty in the area. Eki: Olima? Qtn: Do you have ready markets for Oku: Ye nima Ssebo, ebintu nga produce? bijanjaalo, kasooli, ne’mwannyi. Ans: With markets they are few. Eki: Ebeeyi gyebabagulako ebintu ebyo Qtn: Are you a farmer? ebasanyusa? Ans: Yes Sir, I’m a farmer growing Oku: Ebeeyi, naddala kasooli ne things like beans, maize and coffee. bijanjaalo tesanyusa era batubba nnyo. Qtn: Do the prices on which they Eki: Mulina ebibiina byemutonzewo buy your produce satisfy you? nga mwe abakyala? Ans: The prices, particularly those Oku: Ekibiina twandibadde nakyo of maize and beans do not satisfy us naye temuli mannyi nnyo nokubulamu and buyers cheat us. obuwagizi bwabami kiyinza okubeera Qtn: Have you set up community- ekyamannyi. based organizations for women? Eki: Mwe, naddala ggwe, Ans: The women’s groups would osanze buzibu kingokola have been there but there is no emirimugyokwekulakulannya? support from men in any need. Oku: Anti bwoba tolina sente buli Qtn: What problems have you kintu kyokola kiba tekijja bulungi era encountered in your work for the bwe tutyo tusigadde mabega nnyo. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 263

future development? Eki: Abakyala bomukitundu kino Ans: If you don’t have liquid cash, enkolagana yamwe eri etya? everything you work upon does not Oku: Enkolagana sinungi, kubanga move on smoothly so, we are still gyebuva ne gyebulaga abakyala lagging behind in everything. tetukolagana. Qtn: How is the cooperation among Eki: Olina omwami nabaana? the women in this area? Oku: Abaana mbalina bali basatu era Ans: Their cooperation is not good at nomwami wange musomesa. all. Eki: Mulanga ki gwokubira aba JICA? Qtn: Do you have a husband and Oku: Nze mbasaba batuleetere children? emisomo nga ffe abazaliisa emisomo Ans: I have three children and my egyo gyongera okutubangula. husband is a teacher. Eki: Weddira ki maama? Qtn: What call can you address Oku: Neddira nyonyi (Ngaali). to JICA when you want any Ebikkatiriza: Omukayala mukulu improvement in the area? era alabika bulungi kyokka enziramu Ans: I request them to bring yeebibuuzo temulaga nti mugezigezi sensitization seminars for us era asoose kugaana kutuddamu. traditional midwives so that we can Enyumba ye simbi nnyo yategula. Ate be aware with the situation. awaka waliwo omusiri gwa kasooli. Qtn: Your clan? Ans: Nyonyi clan. Notes: The woman is old enough and beautiful in her appearance but the way in which she is responding does not prove her cleverness. She at first hesitated to give us any information. Her house is not bad as such, it is enclosed by a maize 264 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

shamba and banana mixtures with coffee plantations. 28 Dec. 1999. Saali Parish, Bukalagi LCI.

7 Florence Nakanwagi 7 Florence Nakanwagi (40 years old) (40 years old) Qtn: Tribe? Eki: Oli wa ggwanga ki? Ans: Muganda. Oku: Ndi Muganda. Qtn: Where did you come from and Eki: Wavaa wa okujja wano? settle here? Oku: Nze ndi muzalirwa. Ans: I am a citizen of Lusenke Eki: Bakade bo bombi bakyaliwo? village. Oku: Bbombi baafa. Qtn: Are your parents still alive? Eki: Olina omwami nabaana? Ans: Both died long ago. Oku: Sirina mwami naye nina abaana Qtn: Do you have a husband and mukaaga. Omwami twayawukana. children? Eki: Ggwe obwavu obusanze otya? Ans: I do not have a husband but Oku: Obwavu bunuma nnyo I have six children, I divorced my olwensonga nti enfuna yaffe ntono. husband. Ogenda notegeka enimiro naye nga Qtn: How have you encountered with tolina sente zigaziya bintu byo. Kale poverty? nomaliriza ngobwavu era tebuwonye. Ans: Poverty treats me very badly Eki: Oli mulimi? because my economic status is very Oku: Ye. Ssebo, ndimulimi era nima little and I may want to enlarge in ebintu nga kasooli ere nebirala byonna my arrangements but due to the small nze mbirima. money I have I cannot go any further. Eki: Oyinza kubira mulanga ki aba Qtn: Are you a farmer? JICA? Ans: Yes sir, I am a farmer growing Oku: Nze nsaba bannyambe kubintu Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 265

things like maize and other variety of ebikola mukulima kubanga ekibanja crops. kyange kya kibira kyonna. Sirina we Qtn: Can you make a call to JICA nimira. people when summarizing what you Eki: Ebyobulamu mu bisanze mutya have talked? mukitundu kyamwe? Amalwaliro Ans: I need support mainly in my mugalina agamala, era nebikozesebwa agricultural sector like improved mubirina? seeds, agro-chemicals and modernized Oku: Amalwaliro gamala, farming system because I have a ebikozesebwa ebitiono mwebiri naye huge piece of land to cultivate on. twetagamu Dakitaali era bongere ne Qtn: What about the health status bikozesebwa. in the area, are you having enough Eki: Ate buzibu ki obulala obuli mu health centres and health facilities at kitundu? large? Oku: Tulina obuzibu obw’enjala, Ans: The health centres in Bukalagi kubanga muwogo obuwuka bumulidde are somehow enough and health era abagaba obuyambi batuleetere facilities are there but we need more kudagala eritta obuwuka. facilities in order to uplift the health Eki: Abakyala bamuno enkolagana status. eri etya? Ekyo nakyo tekibe nga kiba Qtn: What problems are there in the zizaako emabega? area, please? Oku: Ensonga eyo nkulu, era Ans: We have famine in the area etuziza emabega. Abakyala tulina because cassava, which has been the mu okwesalamu. Abagagga balina staple food, has been destroyed by akabiina kaabwe era naffe ne mosaic. We request the donors on tufuna akabiina akabavu. Kale agro-chemicals that kill the mosaic. netulemererwa okulakulana mu Qtn: How is your cooperation Lusenke muno. amongst the women perhaps that can Eki: Abavubuka bano butateekawo be even the cause of being poor and bibiina bya kwekulannya nakyo 266 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

lagging behind? kituzizaako emabega era nokuleeta Ans: That reason is very crucial in obwavu naddala obutamannya. the way that there is segregation Oku: Abavubuka bano obutamanya amongst women The rich and the bubaziza emabega nnyo era poor has their own groups. So, tebasobola nakuteekawo bibiina bya that policy has led us our progress kwekulakulannya boka naboka. to remain behind here in Lusenke Eki: Bbo abali mu bonna basome village. obajjumbidde otya? Qtn: Have the youths managed to Oku: Abo bbo mbadde mbajjumbidde take initiatives on their own, so that era ebytaago mbi bawadde era they can bring new changes for their mbajjubira bulungi. future development? Eki: Abaana bo bonna basoma? Ans: The youths are covered by Oku: Abamu tebasoma. Bwe ignorance and this disease has led bamala pulayimale, ne mbulwa sente them to lag behind because they ezibatwala mu sekendule. cannot take their own initiatives for Eki: Olina enkenyera mubulamu bwo? their future development. Oku: Yee. Ssebo, nze ndi mulwadde Qtn: How have those in UPE nakutuka omugongo sisobola kulima programme been encouraged? bulungi. Ans: Those in UPE programme Eki: Obwavu bukuyisiza butya era have been encouraged and we bukunnyigiza butya naddala kati tolina have fulfilled all their (children) musajja ate ngolina abaana? requirements. Oku: Ndi munnyikivu okukola naye Eki: Do all your children study? ekibanja kyange kyalunnyo ate ekirala Ans: Some study because assume kya kibira kale nze nenddaba nga they finish primary section and have singa sibwavu nandibadde negulira no money to take them to secondry. ekibanga ekigyimu ne nkola ebintu Qtn: Do you have any weakness in ebirungi era ebimpareza. your life and body generally? Eki: Mulanga ki gwokubira aba JICA? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 267

Ans: Yes Sir, I have a backache and I Oku: Nze nsaba bazidukirire naddala cannot dig in my garden. mu bintu ebyokukozesa ebiyinza Qtn: How has poverty treated you okugaziya enkola yange mu nimiro. and suppressed you as now you Eki: Mutonzewo ebibiina cannot dig, no husband yet you have byabakyala mwemuyinza okuyita children? okwekulakulanya? Ans: I am a hard worker and I would Oku: Ekibiina tukirina naye tekinaba have bought a new fertile land that kubeera kyamanyi(bakiyita Lusenke can produce higher yields for sell to women’s Group). get daily income to solve the family Eki: Weddira ki? problems. Oku: Neddira Ngabi. Qtn: What call can you address to Ebikkatiriza: Omukyala tumusanze donors like JICA? waka ngaalabika mukowu nnyo. Alina Ans: I request them to support me in enyumba ya ssubi nabaana mukaaga. farming equipments that can increase Kyokka nga alabika eby’enkola eya on my work as a farmer. kizaala gumba tabifaako okusinziira Qtn: Have you managed to ku “size” yabaana. Asobode okuddamu establish women Community-Based era nga afaayo kukyayogera, Organization for your own future tumubuliza ku lubalaza lwe nyumba development? ye. Ans: We have the organization but it is still dormant (it is called Lusenke Women’s Group). Qtn: Clan? Ans: Ngabi clan. Notes: We have met her at her home but she seemed to be tired, has a grass-thatched house living with six children but looking unhealthy, 268 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

not to care about family planning according to the size of the children. She managed to give us at least some information and was interviewed on her house verandah.

Book 14 Book 14 Luganda 1 Justine Nabukeera 1 Justine Nabukeera (20 years old) (20 years old) Qtn: Is this your birth place or you’re Eki: Kuno olimugwira, oba olimutuuze a stranger? wakuno? Ans: This is my born place and even Oku: Nze ndi muzaale wakuno era my parents died in this place. bakadde bange bakuno. Kwe bafiira. Qtn: Are your parents still alive? Eki: Bakadde bo webali bombi? Ans: No Sir, both died. Oku: Nedda Ssebo. Bombi baafa. Qtn: Tribe? Eki: Oli wa ggwanga ki? Ans: Muganda. Oku: Ndi Muganda. Qtn: Do you have a husband and Eki: Olina omwami n’abaana children? Oku: Omwami yaffa. Abaana Ans: The husband died and I have mbalina. Bali basatu (2). Babiri three children. Two of them are basoma ate omu akyali muto. schooling yet another one still Tanatandika. younger to go to school. Eki: Gwe, mu muluka gwammwe, Qtn: In your parish do you really olaba obwavu mwebuli? observe poverty? Oku: Obwavu mwebuli Ssebo. Ans: Poverty is there Sir. Eki: Obwavu bwa kikaa ki? Qtn: Poverty of which kind? Oku: Okusingira ddala, obwavu bwa Ans: Mostly poverty interns of liquid sente. cash. Eki: Okusingira ddala, kiki ekireese Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 269

Qtn: Mostly especially what has ensimbi okubula mukyalo kyammwe? caused the scarcity of money in your Oku: Ssebo, buli muntu alina village? ekimuletedde okubula kwa sente. Ans: Sir, everyone has a cause why Eki: Kati gwe okola mulimu ki wano? he or she is lacking finance. Oku: Ndi mulimi. Nima ebijanjalo ne Qtn: Now you what is your kasooli. occupation here? Eki: Ebintu ebyo, olaba bigende Ans: A farmer, growing things like ng’otuuse oku bitunda? beans and maize. Oku: Ebintu ebyo tebigenda bulungi. Qtn: If your things are ready for Ate oluusi oyinza okulima noviramu market, do you get where to sell awo. Nga byonna bifudde. them? Eki: Kumbeera y’obulamu, ekitundu Ans: No where, yet at times you kyamwe kiyimiridde kitya? can plant and came out with nothing Oku: Eby’obulamu nabyo sibirungi when all the plants are destroyed. nnyo. Tulina eddwaliro limu lyokka Qtn: How do you comment on the wano. Ery e Bukalagi. Ate nalyo health-status in the area? sirya mulembe. Era temuli na Ans: The health status is not good Dakitaali. at all we have only one healthy Eki: Mu bulamu bwo ofunyemu centre Bukalagi, yet not no the good nkanyera ki? Era obwavu standard, no single doctor. bukutusizaako bwa ki? Qtn: In your life hood have you got Oku: Nze mu bulamu bwange ndi any weakness and how poverty has munaku. Sirina maama, sirina taata. treated you? Ate n’abanna bange tebalina kitaabwe. Ans: In my life hood I am poor no Kale nze obwavu buntaddeko ebwa mother, father yet all my children do ddene. Kubanga noonya sente not have their father, so poverty to z’abaana ate nga nange bwe noonya me it has caused a big punch because ezaange. I have to seek money for the children Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira abagabi 270 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

and for my well being. b’obuyambi abaze okulaba nga bafuba Qtn: What call can you address to okutujja mu bwavu? donors to see that we come out from Oku: Omulanga……Nze banyambire this burden of being poor? abaana bange. Era nange banyambe, Ans: A call ...... which I have is to kubanga ndi namwandu. support my children and even me the Eki: Abaana, bo basoma? widow. Oku: Basoma mu bona basome (UPE). Qtn: Are your children schooling? Eki: Ojjumbidde okulima olubimbi lwo, Ans: They are schooling under nga Pulesidenti be ya lutuwa? the universal primary education Oku: Nze nfumbye era mbibawa programme (UPE). Olubimbi lwange ndulimye bulungi Qtn: But have you fulfilled your ddala. requirements as the president said to Eki: Omutindo gw’amasomero ago you parents? mwe basomera, guli gutya? Ans: Me I have tried my level best Oku: Omutindo mulungi. Abasomesa to fulfil all the necessities like buying banyikivu era bayigirize. books, school uniforms and recovery Eki: Kuno, olinako ab’oluganda lwo? for their lunch. Oku: Nedda Ssebo. Bali wala. Qtn: But the standard of education is Kyaggwe. it good where they go? Eki: Wano woli, waani? Ans: It is a good standard, with Oku: Muno mwendi, ttaka lya Jjajja qualified teachers and they take much nge omusajja azaala taata. care to our children. Ebikkatiriza:Omukyala namwandu. Qtn: Do you have your relative here? Naye akyali muto nnyo. Alabika Ans: No Sir, they are far away like bulungi ddala. Wabula embeera yensi Kaggswe. etandise okumufunnya. Ali munju Qtn: Who is the owner of this place yekka. Era enju ya ssubi. Awaka where you are now? waliwo akasuku. Tekalabika bulungi Ans: The land is for my grandfather. nnyo. Kyokka azeemu ebibuuzo Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 271

Notes: A widow young in age and ng’atya, era nga ayogera mpola. beautiful but the situation to her is Tumusanze ayoza ngoye. alarming because no any aid from anywhere. She lives in the house alone, made of grass thatched and surrounded by a banana plantation but non-productive. She was responding while trembling and very loud. We found her washing clothes and was interviewed in the compound of her house.

2 Samaadu Ssewagudde 2 Samaadu Ssewagudde (25 years old) (25 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: A farmer and a business man Oku: Ndi mulimi, era nga nsubula running a shop. ebintu ebye duuka. Qtn: What obstacles have you Eki: Mukusubula osanzemu buzibu ki? encountered business? Oku: Ebintu tebitambula bulungi. Ans: The things which are I am Anti sente zenkozesa tezirabika. selling are not demanded well and the Kubanga nzigya mu bintu bye nima, capital to run the business effectively. ate nga nabyo, tebifuna butale bulungi. Even the plants which I grow do not Eki: Olina buvunanyizibwa ki obulala get markets well. ku kyalo kino? Qtn: What other responsibility do Oku: Ndi Ssentebe wa bavubuka ku you have on the village level? kyalo kino, Kamuli LCI. Ans: I’m Secretary for the youths at Eki: Osanze buzibu ki ng’okulembera Kamuli LCI village. abavubuka? Qtn: What problems have you Oku: Obuzibu bunene, kubanga 272 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

encountered when leading the abavubuka ba kuno, obutamanya youths? bungi. Bwo bakungaanya okuberako Ans: Many problems among the kye bakola, balowooza nti, oyagala ku youths like ignorance which has babba. covered them if you want to mobilize Eki: Buzibu ki ddala bw’olaba obuli them for an emergency issue, they mu kitundu, ng’ogyeko ekizibu ekyo think I am going to steal them. eky’abavubuka. Qtn: Apart from the ignorance among Oku: Obuzibu obuli mu kitundu the youths, what other problem in the kino Ssebo, abantu baffe tebagala place? kola naddala abavubuka. Ekyo Ans: Next problem in the area is nekibaleetera okubeera abaavu ennyo. that, our village people do not want Eki: Etamiro lyo teririimu mu batuuze to work most especially the youths baffe? and that is why there is rampant Oku: Etamiiro mweriri. Naddala mu poverty in the place. bantu abakulu. Qtn: What about drunkardness Eki: Obutamanya buli butya mu bantu among the villagers? baffe. Ans: There is drunkardness most Oku: Abantu abasinga sibayigirize. especially to elderly people. Ate nabazadde nabo tebafaayo nnyo Qtn: What about ignorance in the kubaana baabwe. Kale obuyigirize area? nabwo butufukidde eddwadde muno. Ans: Most of the people this way are Eki: Tolimyeko bintu birala half baked and even their parents do okwongeraza ku dduuka? not care about their education. And Oku: Ssebo, mbirima era this is a serious disease in the area binsobozeseza kubeerawo. (Kamuli LCI). Eki: Bwo obutale obusanze otya obwe Qtn: Haven’t you engaged in other birime ebyo? things like farming to supplement on Oku: Obutale obwo bwa kukabirira, the shop? era Katonda akuyamba buyambi Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 273

Ans: Sir, I dig many things and that n’ofuna akatale. idea has supported me very well. Eki: Zo ensimbi ze bagulirako ebintu, Qtn: How have found the markets abalimi, zi basanyusa? for your produce? Oku: Ffe, abalimi, ensimbi Ans: There is scarcity of markets and tezitusanyusa. Era batuyaga nnyo. if one gets it, it is a blessing to God. Eki: Entambula yo eri etya? Teba nga Qtn: But are you satisfied with the nayo ereeta obuzibu okuba nga nayo price on which buyers have to take abaleetera okubaseera? your produce? Oku: Amakubo gaffe tegatuuka ku Ans: We farmers, the price is not manene. Si malungi ddala. Era go satisfying and we are cheated at all gandiba nga gegatuletedde obuzibu. costs. Eki: Okuzaala abaana abangi, kyo Qtn: What about transport means in tekireese buzibu mu bantu? the area may be also it can contribute Oku: Nekyo kiyinza okuba nga kireese to the cause? obuzibu. Era n’okwavuwaza abantu. Ans: Our roads that reach to the Naddala, abantu tebalina nsimbi big ones are not good and also they zijjanjaba baana. contribute to the problem. Eki: Olina ab’oluganda lwo ebbali? Qtn: Producing many children don’t Oku: Ffena tuli wano mu kitundu think that also has attributed the kino. cause to our people? Eki: Olina abaana n’omukyala? Ans: It is also a problem and has Oku: Yee. Abaana mbalina. Bali made the people to be very poor as bana (4). Ate omukyala omu. they do not have money to support Eki: Bonna basoma, abaana? their large families. Oku: Omu yasoma era abalala bato. Qtn: Do you have your relatives away Eki: Eby’enjigiriza byo, biri bitya? from you? Oku: Eby,enjigiriza bibadde Ans: We are all here in one place. bijjumbiddwa nnyo. Era abaana Qtn: Do you have a wife and abazadde bagezezako okubatwala mu 274 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

children? masomero ag’obwananyini. Era ne Ans: Yes, I have four children and a mu bonna basome. wife. Eki: Obwavu bukunyigiriza butya mu Qtn: Are they all learning? mbeera zo eza bulijjo? Ans: One is learning the rest are Oku: Nze obwavu tebunyize nnyo, young. kubanga mbadde ndi muyikivu Qtn: What about the quality of okukola. Wabula olumu by’enkola education in the area? bigaana buganyi okujja. Era ne bifa. Ans: On the side of education Naye nze, nfuba nnyo okukola. Era parents have send their children both obwavu bubadde tebunyize nnyo. in private and government schools. Eki: Mwe mugunjizaawo ebibiina ebyo Qtn: Poverty has treated you bwa nakyewa mu kitundu kyammwe? generally in which way in your daily Oku: Obubiina tufuba okubiteekawo. life? Naye tekuli ssente. Era tubiteekawo. Ans: To me poverty has not treated Era nebigwa. Naye nga ffe tufuba me so badly because I have been nnyo okubikola. a hard working man but only that, Eki: Byo eby’obulamu bili bitya? the things which I sell do not move Oku: Eby’obulamu tebibadde bibi. smoothly, but I try my level best to Naye nga amalwaliro gali wala nnyo see that fight poverty. okuva wano. Kale nsaba batufunireyo Qtn: But have you managed to take eddwaliro kuno okwaffe, oba okumpi. your own initiatives to see that you Eki: Byo ebikozesebwa mu malwaliro develop your area? ago aga bali ewala, mwebiri? Ans: We try our level best to see Oku: Ssebo, ebikozesebwa, temuli. that we set-up small groups but no Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira aba support in terms of money, so we set JICA? up them and collapse another day. Oku: Ffe tusaba batuyambe, ku buli Qtn: What about the health status in muntu. Enyingiza eyawaka yetuli the area? obubi. Naddala eya buli lunaku. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 275

Ans: With the health status we are Eki: Omuziro gwo? at lest okay, but healthy units are far Oku: Neddira Ndiga, Ssebo. from us. So, I’m proposing that they Ebikkatiriza: Omuvubuka muto should construct a healthy unit in the ate nga ye sentebe wa bavubuka. area. Kale afayo nnyo ku bantu be. Era Qtn: But to those which are far from ayogera agumiza. Okulaga obukulu you, are they equipped with facilities? bw’ensonga. Alabika mukozi. Ans: The health facilities are not Tumusanze mu kadduka ke ne there. mukyala we. Qtn: Make a call to JICA when you are summarizing? Ans: We request them to help us mainly in the household daily income of each person. Qtn: Totem? Ans: Ndiga clan. Notes: The youth is young in appearance, he is the Secretary for the Youths, Kamuli LCI, cares a lot to his people, talk while stressing the point seems to be a hard working man. We found him inside his shop and was interviewed there. But he wears torn clothes may be he is going insane.

3 Joweria Nabukenya (30 years old) 3 Joweria Nabukenya (30 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki? Ans: A farmer planting things like Oku: Ndi mulimi era nima kasooli, 276 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

maize, beans and sweet potatoes. bijanjaalo ne lumonde. Qtn: What problems have you found Eki: Ebintu ebyo obisanzemu buzibu ki when harvesting your produce? ng’obirima? Ans: The problem mostly lies on the Oku: Obuzibu tubirina, naye tebirina markets and buyers who exploit us ku butale. Ababigulira ku musiri, very much. batuseera nnyo. Qtn: What are you using in your Eki: Mukozesa ki okulima? gardens? Oku: Tulina obuzibu bunene nnyo, Ans: Hand lives, we have a problem naddala nga tulima. Tetulina kalakita of using those simple tools no kugaziya nimiro yaffe. modernized machines like tractors to Eki: Mulina ebibiina bye mutonze mwe enlarge on our firms. muyinza okuyita okwe kulakulanya? Qtn: Have you managed to establish Oku: Nedda Ssebo. Era eyo ensonga small groups so that you take new nene. Era nkulu, kubanga tetulina strategies? kibiina kyamanyi nnyo kituyamba. Ans: No Sir, that point is very Kale obubiina bwe tutaddewo, tebulina crucial because we don’t have big buyambi. Erye nfuna embi eyaffe organization so, the small groups abakyala. that we have lack support because Eki: Enkolagana yamwe, abakyala, eri of our poor income we the women etya? themselves? Oku: Abakyala kuno tukolagana Qtn: What about cooperation among bulungi. Ate tuli bakoze nnyo. the women themselves? Wabula tubulamu bubuzi buwagizi. Ans: Our cooperation is good and Eki: Embeera y’obudde yo, si nsonga they are very hard working but we eyinza okuba nga yereesa obwavu? need only support from outside. Oku: Embeera y’obudde nayo Qtn: Don’t you think the climate etunnyigiriza. Era etuleetera obwavu changes can also contribute to olumu. poverty? Eki: Enjala ebadde etya mu Kamuli? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 277

Ans: Climate changed also to our Oku: Ffe eno enjala tubadde tufuma poverty because I can something else nfume. N’e misiri gya muwogo gyi and get nothing. gyo mugyiraba. Eno ewaffe tebadde Qtn: What about famine in Kamuli? njala. Ans: Here in Kamuli famine is a Eki: Obutamanya buli butya munno? story so, we have plenty of food in Oku: ……Obutumanya buvudde gardens like cassava and other varies ku njigiriza. Enjigiriza ntono. of food staffs. Siyamanyi. Era abantu, bombi Qtn: What about ignorance in the abasajja n’abakyala, obutamanya area? babulina. Ans: ...... Ignorance comes from low Eki: Eby’obulamu byo biri bitya? education level and this is most Oku: Eby’obulamu……Si bibi nnyo. experienced both in female and male. Abantu abalina kabuyonjo, wabula, Qtn: Comment on the health-status? sizabuvunanyizibwa. Era nge nkola Ans: Health status...... it is some how y’ekyalo bwe mugyimanyi. because the majority of our people Eki: Go, amalwaliro, mugalina mu have latrines but not modern, as kitundu? you know the situation of the village Oku: Ekyo kizibu kyamanyi nnyo, yourself. kubanga abantu baffe nga abaana Qtn: Are there enough health centres abato batufuddeko. Olw’okubulwa in the area? eddwaliro eryokumpi. Amalwaliro Ans: That point is very important gonna gali wala. because most of our children have Eki: Endya mu bantu baffe, eri etya? died because we lack a health centre Oku: ……Endya eyaffe tebadde nearby to us. mbi, kubanga abantu balya ku Qtn: How about the balanced diet in bijanjaalo. Era ne ku byennyanja our people? ebiva ku Wamala enyanja. Kubanga Ans: ...... Our diet is not bad because tebabiseera. our people eat well like fish from Eki: Abakyala bamuno, bajjumbidde 278 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Lake Wamala and beans. batya enzaala eya kizaala gumba. Qtn: How have women adopted the Oba bafukumula bufukumuzi baana? family planning programme or they Oku: Abansinga obungi tebanaba are just producing any how? kukitegeera. Naye nze nabivirako Ans: It is true almost the big number ddala. Era omwana wange assemba in this area have neglected that yo akuze. programme but on my side, I have Eki: Olowooza okufukumula abaana adopted it very effective. abangi, tekirina ngeri gye kikoseza Qtn: Don’t you think that even enfuna y’abantu mu kitundu? producing many children has Oku: Ensonga eyo nkulu, kubanga undermined our income status in the abantu bafuna mpola. Ate nga balina area? abaana bangi nnyo. Ekibaleetede Ans: That reason is very true because okusibwa mu bwavu obutatadde. most of the people earn very little Eki: Enfuna y’abantu b’omu kitundu and more-over they have big families kino eri tya? Naddala eya buli so, they end up being so poor all the muntu? time. Oku: Buli muntu alina enfuna ya Qtn: Can you tell me the household njawulo. Naddala eno ewaffe mu income of each person in this area? kyalo. Kale kizibu okugyimanya. Ans: Each person has his own Eki: Enfuna yo eri etya? different income so, in this village it Oku: Enfuna yange ya kigayaavu is very difficult for me to describe. gayaavu. Era tufuba ne tufuna Qtn: Can you tell me the house hold eky’okulya. income of each person in this area? Eki: Ebyamazzi byo, biri bitya munno? Ans: Each person has his own Oku: Enzizi nazo zituli wala. Ate different income so, in this village it olutuli okumpi nnyo, amazzi gaazo is very difficult for me to describe. mabi nnyo. Qtn: What about the wells are you Eki: Enddwadde zibadde zitya mu safe? kitundu? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 279

Ans: Wells are very for and the one Oku: Enddwadde mweziri. Naye which is nearer to us, the water is kolera tana tutuukamu. Era bad. n’endwadde endala, nga misujja, Qtn: What about diseases in the mwebiri. area? Eki: Obulamu bwo obusanze otya Ans: Diseases like cholera, malaria okuva mu buto? fever are there in the area. Oku: Nze obulamu bwanga si Qtn: How have you met your life- funangako ku ndwadde ezo ezitawona. hood since now? Okujjako okufuna oluboto n’okuzaala. Ans: Life-hood it is somehow but I Eki: Olina abaana n’omwami? used to get pain during pregnancy an Oku: Yee. Mbalina abaana bataano, delivering but other disease nothing. n’omwami? Qtn: Do you have children and a Eki: Kati, eby’enjigiriza biri bitya? husband? Oku: Eby’enjigiriza bitono, kubanga Ans: Yes, I have five children and a abaana baffe batambula enngendo husband. nene. Bonna abakulu n’abato Qtn: What about the level of batambula nga mayilo musaavu (7). education in Kamuli village? Eki: Omuwendo gw’abavudde Ans: With education we are still musomero guli gutya? badly off because most of our Oku: Abaana abavudde musomero bbo children use to walk long journeys bangi ddala. Naye omuwendo siyinza like 7 Kms. ku guwa bulungi. Qtn: What is the number of school Eki: Mujjumbidde mutya enkola eya drops in the area? bonna basome? Ans: The number is too big but I Oku: Abaana, abantu bafubye cannot give you the actual figure. okubawaawo. Era nange nawayo omu. Qtn: How have you supported the Abalala bali mu ga bwanannyini UPE programme fully? (private). Ans: Children, people have supported Eki: Kati, mulanga ki gw’okubira aba 280 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

it well to parents like giving their JICA? children there to attend schools. Me Oku: Nze nsaba batuletere amasomero I gave one in government school the ago kumpi. Kuno ku kitundu kyaffe. rest are in private schools. Eki: Ate ebyobulamu? Qtn: Now what call can you address Oku: Nze ndowoza nti batuletere to JICA? amalwaliro mukitundu kyafe. Ans: Me I request them to bring Eki: Olina ab’oluganda bo wala ko? schools nearer to us in our area Oku: Mbalina mu kibuga Kampala. (Kamuli). Eki: Abo, enfuna yabwe eri etya? Qtn: What about the health care? Oku: Tebali bubi. Bekolera. Balina Ans: Me I am proposing that they emirimu gyabwe. should bring the health - centre Eki: Bakadde bo bombi webali? nearer in our area. Oku: Omu waali. Omukadde, Qtn: Do you have your relatives omusajja. aside? Eki: Kuno wajja kufumbirwa, oba kuno Ans: I have them in Kampala. kwe bakuzaala? Qtn: For them how is their economic Oki: Nze najjako nga nfumbiddwa. status? Eki: Weddira ki maama? Ans: Not so bad because each one Oku: Neddira Ngabi. has his own job. Ebikkatiriza: Omukyala musanyufu Qtn: Are your parents still alive? nnyo. Era ayagala okuddamu. Ans: The father is around but mother Amaanyi ebizibu byo mu kitundu. died. Era amanyi n’abakyala kye bagala. Qtn: You just came for marriage or Ewaka we si wabi. Ennyumba ya this is your citizenship? baati naye abana be tebalabika bulungi Ans: I came here for marriage. nyo, abamu bambala engoye enjurifu . Qtn: Your clan madam? twamubuliza kukubo, naye oluvanyuma Ans: Ngabi clan. netugenda ewaka. Notes: The woman is too jolly and Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 281

wants very much to respond and well vast with the problem of the village. She knows what her fellows need. Her home residence is not so bad, it is roofed and plastered with soils. Her children are looking unhealthy, some dressing torn clothes and everything was scattered in the compound. We interviewed her on the way but we turned to visit her home lately on.

4 Benon Kajjeerero (28 years old) 4 Benon Kajjeerero (28 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Okola mulimu ki, Ssebo? Ans: Chairman Kamuli LCI. Oku: Nze Sentebbe we kyalo kino, Qtn: What problems have you found Kamuli. in your subjects? Eki: Abantu bo obasanzemu buzibu ki? Ans: My people they have shortage Oku: Abantu baffe balina obuzibu nti, of land for cultivation, the youths tebalina we balimira. Abavubuka they have no land but they are hard- tebalina bibanja. Kyokka nga bo working. bakozi ddala. Qtn: So those who have enough land Eki: Abalina amattaka amanene, lwaki decided to rent others so that they tebayambye abo abatalina? can work on it? Oku: Abamu balina enkola eya sita Ans: Some people are too kange. Ate abalala, bo baazika. Naye conservative to rent their land to nga bayinza okwazika “season” nga other people but others rent and give bbiri zokka. Kale aba alimye nafirwa. short time like one season or two, Eki: Enkolagana yo eri etya n’abantu which cannot be beneficial to those bo wereza ku kyalo kino? 282 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

who are in the need of it. Oku: Abantu bange bempereza, Qtn: To what extent is your tukolagana bulungi. Era bantu cooperation with the people whom bawulize ddala. you lead? Eki: Mutonzewo ebibiina eby’okwe Ans: My subjects are to cooperate kulakulanya? and we agree on everything. Oku: Tufubye okubisawo. Qtn: Have you managed to set up Eki: Mukolaganye mutya n’abavubuka small groups in order to adopt new mu bibiina ebyo? developments? Oku: Abavubuka bazibu nnyo era Ans: We the leaders we have tried bagala ebintu eby’okufuna amangu our level best to set up them but in ennyo nga tebatawanye. Ate nga vain. kizibu kati okufuna amangu ebintu Qtn: But how far have you been nga tebatawanye. Obufuna mpola with your cooperation with the youths era nabwo buletedde abavubuka in those small groups although they okulemererwa okutekawo ebibiina have failed to prosper? eby’okwe kulakulanya, kubanga Ans: The youths are very complicated babulwa ne nsimbi ez’okuwaayo nga to mobilize them because they want ez’obwa memba. quick deals moreover it’s not very Eki: Eby’obulamu obisanze otya? easy to get rich through that channel Oku: Eby’obulamu tebibadde bibi and it is very difficult to get rich nnyo. Wabula tufuna obuzibu nowadays if they have not struggled. okugenda mu Bulo era ne Kanoni Little income has caused the youths ng’omuntu alwadde. Ate era abasawo to mobilize themselves and set baffe mu bulwaliro buno obutono up small groups for their future bagaba “dose” ezitaweze. Kale abantu developments, and they can even fail ne bagaana okuwona. to contribute membership fee on the Eki: Obutamannya mu kitundu bwo village level. buli butya? Qtn: Comment on the health status? Oku: Obutamannya bwa manyi, Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 283

Ans: The health status is somehow kubanga abantu baffe, naddala abaana okay but at times we get the problem abato, tebagala kusoma. Era bangi of walking long distance to Bulo, bali waka. Babugumiziddwako Kanoni if one gets sick. And yet bubugumizibwa. unqualified doctors in our village give Eki: Musaze magazi ki okulaba under dose and at the end cannot ng’obutamanya buggwawo? cure people effectively. Oku: Waliwo abazira kisa abagenda Qtn: What about ignorance in the abatandikawo omusomo ogwabakulu area? okulaba nti abantubafe bayiga basobole Ans: Ignorance has hit our village oumanya eteka eliyisidwa. Kamuli most especially the youths Eki: Omuwendo gw’abantu abavudde they do not want to go at school and musommero, guli gutya muno they are half baked. omwamwe? Qtn: What arrangements have you Oku: Omuwendo gwo munene. Naye laid down to solve ignorance as you nga abasinze okuvamu, bavuddemu the leader? lwa sente bakadde babwe tebasobola Ans: They are good Samaritans who kufuna nsimbi. have started up adult education, to Eki: Naye obwavu, gwe olaba webuli? see that our people are out f that Oku: Webuli! Era ekiviriddeko burden of ignorance but the policy is obwavu, abantu abamu tetwagala still too weak. kola. Ate abalala tebamanyi kyakola. Qtn: What is the number of the Era n’enkola embi eri abantu baffe, school dropouts in the area? naddala abalimi. Ans: The number is very big but Era ensonga endala, ebintu byaffe those who have dropped out they bigenda ne biffa. Ate tetulina na are too poor to continue with their mirimu mirala gye tukola okugaziya education. ku by’okulima. Qtn: But your observation really do Eki: Mufunye abawi bamagezi mu bye you think that there is poverty? nima? 284 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: Poverty is there, and the cause Oku: Abalimisa tebatambula. Era is some people we don’t want to ffe eno tetubalabangako. Okujjako ffe work and others don’t know what to twekunga ffekka ne tulima. take, and our poor farming methods Eki: Ebye njigiriza, naddala, towards farmers especially. Next eby’okusomesa abaana mu bona reason is that, our things which we bona basome, mu batuttee? Era planned for can be destroyed and yet mujjumbidde mutya? we have invested in only one basket Oku: Abazadde baffe tebamanyi then at last we end in poverty. kya kola ku nkola eno, kubanga Qtn: Have you got an advice from bwebabatwala, ate tebalima lubimbi extension workers? lwabye. Ans: No extension workers this end Eki: Ate okuzaala abaana abangi ate and we just mobilize ourselves in our nga bafuna mpola, oba enfuna ntono. gardens with the little knowledge we Gwe obadde ogamba otya? have. Oku: Waliwo abantu betulabye nga Qtn: What about education in the okuzaala abaana abangi kubaziza area and have you supported the free emabega. Anti balina abaana bangi education per each family (the figure ate nga enfuna nafu. Kale nakyo of 4 children)? kireese obuzibu. Ans: The parents don’t know the Eki: Kati ggwe olowoza kiki kye tuyinza process because if they take them okukola ne kirwanyisa obwavu? to schools they fail to fulfil the Oku: Singa basobola okutuwa ebintu equipments. nga twegasse mu bibiina. Buli muntu Qtn: What about producing many namnya engeri gya yinza okwegya mu children to parents yet their income bwavu. Era nakoppa enkola ya mune. is very low to cater them? Eki: Bwe babawa entadikwa, temugye Ans: We have seen many people taaga? producing many children and this has Oku: Entandikwa nge ze, tugyetaaga. affected their income whereas it is Naye nga tussaana batusomese, era Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 285

very little and they have lag behind emisomo tugyetaaga nnyo. in everything. Eki: Tuwulira nti abantu bo, Qtn: Now to you what do you think balyazamanya. Entandikwa tebayinza that can fight poverty? ku jjiryazamanya ne badduka? Ans: If they can give us support in Oku: Ffe nga abatuuze ate our local organizations e can copy bakulembeze tumanyi abaze abalungi one another in his or her work and ate nga bakozi nnyo. Abatayinza then apply that knowledge to fight kutulyazamanya. poverty. Eki: Eby’okwerinda biri bitya eno? Qtn: If they give you “entandikwa” Oku: Obubbi tebubadde bwa manyi can’t you manage to use it? era obubbi si nsonga kati. Ans: If they give it to us we can use Eki: Eby’amakubo byo, biri bitya? it but should first sensitize us on how Oku: Amakubo getulina mabi nnyo. to run it or not the projects to take. Era twakitesaako ffe ab’emiruka. Qtn: We are informed that people Nebasalawo bekolere amakubo. Naye this way are not trust worthy they enkola tenayitamu bulungi. can embezzle “entandikwa” and took Eki: Gwe sentebe, 25% ezidda ku off? kyalo, muzikozeseza mutya? Ans: We as leaders we know those Oku: Ffe twatula ne tulaba ebizibu who are hard working and trust eby’ekyalo. Olwo netutandika okukola. worthy that using “entandikwa” very Ng’ekizibu bwe kiba kizze, kiruma effectively. ekyalo. Qtn: What about security in the area? Eki: Ebye nima, bize bikyuka kyuka Ans: No theft in the area at all. era nga waliwo endwadde zebirime. Qtn: What about the roads are they Gwe obadde okyogerako ki? good? Oku: Naffe abulwadde butukoze bubi. Ans: No good roads in the area but Naye bakulu baffe, ku Gombolola, we discussed that issue in the council twabategeza. Naye tebanatuddamu. meeting we agreed to improve on the Eki: Obutale mubufunye? Era 286 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

roads but that arrangement has failed nemiwendo gye babagulilako gyi totally. sanyusa abalimi? Qtn: How have you managed to Oku: Obutale butono. Tebulabika utilize 25% on the village level that ate emiwendo gye bagula ebintu, comes from the sub-county level? gyabuseere nnyo. Bbo batufunamu Ans: We leaders we set down and nnyo. observe we there is a crucial problem Eki: Olina abaana n’omukyala? in that village, and them impose Oku: Mbalina abanna, omukyala omu. or invest that money to clear that Eki: Olina bya bugagga ki, wano problem. ewuwo. Qtn: Farming methods in most of Oku: Nina ekibanja. Nina ne nyumba other are as have been changing eno. combined with pests and diseases but Eki: Olina bakadde bo kuno? what about this way? Oku: Baali baazzale bakuno. Naye Ans: The pests and disease have baafa. also destroyed our produce and we Eki: Amanya gabwe, be baali baani? have put their our address to the sub- Oku: Maama ye yali Regina county level but no reply. Nalukwata. Ate taata, Omulongo Qtn: Have you got ready markets Wasswa Kopuliyano. and are the farmers confident with Eki: Olina ab’oluganda lwo ebbali? the prices on which they take their Oku: ...... Yee Ssebo. Mbalina bali produce? Mityana, Kampala. Ate abalala Ans: No markets buyers take our Masaka. produce at a give away price. Eki: Ggwe wazalibwa kuno? Qtn: Do you have children and a Oku: ...... Yee Ssebo, nze banzala wife? kuno. Ans: I have four children and a wife. Eki: Olabye byafayo ki ebibade wo Qtn: What properties do you have so mpaka kati okusinzira ebbanga far? ly’omazeeko? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 287

Ans: I have a land, and a house. Oku: Okujjako enfuga ya gavumenti Qtn: Do you have relatives here? zino ekyusse nnyo. Era esinze Ans: There were citizenship of this zendabyeko zonna obulungi. place but of them died. Eki: Mulanga ki gw’okubira, Qtn: What was their names? ng’owumba wumba, eri aba JICA? Ans: Mother was Regina Nalukwata Oku: Abagabi b’obuyambi batuwe and father was a twin, Wasswa eddwaliro, naddala mu kitundu kyaffe. Kupuliyana. Ensonga endala, entandikwa, naffe Qtn: Do have you relatives aside? abavubuka, tugyagala. Ans: Yes Sir, I have them some are at Eki: Omuziro gwo? Mityana (Mubende district, Kampala Oku: Neddira Ngo. and others at Masaka. Ebikkatiriza: Ssentebe we kitundu, Qtn: Were you brought up here? amanyi bulungi ebizibu bye kyalo kye. Ans: ...... Yes Sir, this is my birth Ayogera mpola. Kyoka alina ensonga place. eziruma ekitundu. Tumusanze mu Qtn: What historical events so far ddiro lye. Era mwe tumubuliza. have you seen in the area up to now? Enyumba ye ya buloka era mpya Ans: Unless this regime of mundabika. Twasanze mukyalawe nga government which has been so good awata amatooke age’ekyegulo. compared to the past ones, there is modernization, democracy. Qtn: What call can you address to JICA when summarizing all you have talked? Ans: Donors should help mainly the health centre in the area. Next aid should be capital mainly to the youths. Qtn: Totem? 288 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

Ans: Ngo clan. Notes: The chairman of Kamuli LCI knows the problem of his community people talk sense. We found him seated in his dinning room and was interviewed there. The house of his is made of bricks. Still modern and enclosed by a banana plantation the wife was peeling food for the super but discipline they was she welcomed us.

5 Paulo Kyofatogabye 5 Paulo Kyofatogabye (70 years old) (70 years old) Qtn: Occupation? Eki: Omulimu gwo? Ans: A farm labourer to my boss Oku: Ndi mukozi, era ne mukama and this is his own land where I’m wange, ali wano mu kibanja kye. staying now. Eki: Osinga kufuna bulwadde ki? Qtn: What disease do you really have Naddala mu bulamu bwo? in your life hood? Oku: Ndi mulwadde mu mubiri Ans: I can’t specify the disease but gwonna. Nga era obulwadde buno I’m sick allover the body and this butute ebbanga lya myaka ebiri sickness has taken for almost two miramba. years. Eki: Ddala, bizibu ki byolina wano Qtn: What personal problems do you awaka wo? have at your home now? Oku: Sikyakola mirimu gyange Ans: I don’t work because of the olw’obulwadde obunuma ennyo. sickness that pains me too much. Eki: Kati eky’okulya okifuna wa, Qtn: Where did you get something to ddala? Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 289

eat? Oku: Bagenda banyamba abamitima Ans: Good Samaritans and my emilungi Ne muliranwa wange. neighbours get me something to eat. Eki: Ekitundu kino oze okirabamu Qtn: What historical events that have nkyukakyuka ki ddala? Okuva taken place for the period in which ebbanga lyo kimazzemu? you have spent in it? Oku: Sirina nkyuka kyuka zamanyi Ans: No historical event as such but zenkirabamu okugyako nze obulwade only sickness that disturbs my life obuntawanyatawanya. hood. Eki: Wajja ddi kuno? Qtn: When did you come here? Oku: Muno mwenazaalibwa. Mu Ans: This is my birth place and it is Gombolola ye Kyengonza. Era mwe where I have grown up , Kyegonze in nkulidde. Kamuli village. Eki: Bazadde bo, bali luddawa? Qtn: Where are your parents? Oku: Omusajja yafa……Omukazi ali e Ans: The father died...... the mother is Kawogo mu Butambala Sub County. at Kawogo in Butambala sub-county. Eki: Omukazi yani erinnya lye, Qtn: What was the name of her and n’omugenzie omusajja? that one of the deceased father? Oku: Omukazi ye Amina Nasejje ate Ans: Mother is Amina Nasejje and omusajja ye yaali Erica Ssalongo. the father was Erica Ssalongo. Eki: Mulanga ki ddala gw’olina eri Qtn: What call can you put forward abagabi b’obuyambi, singa bazze wano to JICA if they come here and see ewuwo? your situation? Oku: Basinge ku nyamba mu Ans: They should help me in my life bulwadde. Nsobole okubeera nga hood to see that I live long. nkyali mulamu. Qtn: But if ceremonies like wedding Eki: Naye nga ebya masanyu nga parties and others reach this way, can bize mu kitundu, nga embaga, oyinza you manage to go and attend them? okubigenda mu? Ans: I can’t go there because I have Oku: Sigenda yo olwensonga nti, 290 Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020)

lost strength physically. sikyalina manyi nakatono. Qtn: Do you have a wife and a child? Eki: Olina omukyala n’omwana? Ans: I don’t have a wife but I had Oku: Sirina mukyala, naye abaana bo children but all of them died. nali mbazadde, bonna ne bafa. Qtn: Totem? Eki: Omuziro gwo? Ans: Njovu(elephant) clan. Oku: Njovu. Qtn: Tribe? Eki: Egwanga lyo? Ans: Muganda. Oku: Muganda. Notes: The old man is in a desperate Ebikkatiriza: Omusajja omukadde ali life, living alone in the house the mu mbeera nzibu ddala. Asuula mu grass-thatched house is too sketchy. nnyumba yekka. Ey’essubi nga ate Was interviewed along his house mbi nnyo. Twamubuuliza ku lubalaza verandah, but he was shaking while lwe nnyumba ye. Naye yabadde responding. akankana mu kuddamu ebibuuzo byaffe.

The end of Part I. Concluding remarks and the references cited will appear at the end of the series of papers. Journal of Intercultural Studies (Kobe University) Vol. 54 (2020) 291

Obwavu The Cultural Concepts of Poverty Narrated among Refugees in Central Uganda, Part I

Kiyoshi UMEYA and Edward K. KIRUMIRA In association with Michael OLOKA-OBBO, Paul OWORA, Robert KIYEGGA and Samuel WAMALA

本報告書は、共著者の一人、梅屋が国際協力事業団長期派遣専門家として在職中に現地で行ったフィールドワーク（1999年9月－2000年2月）によってあつめた資料を報告するものである。資料の分量の関係で複数回に分けて公開する。今回はその第一回分である。もうひとりの共著者、エドワード・K・キルミラは、当該プロジェクトのプロジェクト・リーダーであった。調査は、国際協力事業団がウガンダ、マケレレ大学と実施する「ウガンダ農村部における貧困撲滅戦略の構築と農村の総合的発展にかかる研究協力」の一部であった。表記のプロジェクトにおいて、私は、Kyegonza Sub-County, Gomba County, Mpigi District, Ugandaにおいて社会人類学的な調査を行った。その目的は、当該社会の「貧困」の実態調査であるが、その際、これまでの類似プロジェクトの失敗から「貧困」を既知のものととらえず、「貧困」概念自体の再検討、あるいは地域性も視野に入れたかたちでの調査が任務であった。プロジェクト自体は成功裏に終わったとはいいがたいが、ここで収集した資料は、いくつもの示唆を含んでいるといえる。本報告では、収集した生資料を最低限の加工だけで、再解釈、利用可能なかたちにして出版することとした。まとめと文献表は、最終回に掲載する。

Keywords: obwavu, Uganda, poverty eradication, JICA, transcribed text キーワード： obwavu,ウガンダ, 貧困撲滅戦略, JICA, 書き起した録音資料