Review of the Leafhopper Genus Maiestas Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Korea

Zootaxa 4646 (3): 564–584 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4646.3.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A576AA78-86B8-43EB-8A83-B851B015381F

Review of the leafhopper genus Maiestas Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Korea

NIRMAL KUMAR DUTTA1,2, JIN HYUNG KWON1,3,4, SANG JAE SUH1 & YONG JUNG KWON1 1School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea 2Division of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh 3Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The Korean fauna of the leafhopper genus Maiestas Distant, 1917 is reviewed taxonomically. A total of 12 species are recognized, including three new species: M. borealis sp. nov., M. maritima sp. nov., and M. peninsularis sp. nov. The following three species are newly recorded from Korea: M. horvathi (Then), M. irisa Zhang & Duan, M. yangae Zhang & Duan. A check-list and key to Korean species of the genus are provided.

Key words: Auchenorrhyncha, Deltocephalini, taxonomy, morphology, distribution

Introduction

The leafhopper genus Maiestas was erected by Distant (1917) with M. illustris Distant, 1917 as its type species. This genus belongs to the tribe Deltocephalini of the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The leafhoppers of this genus are generally widespread on wild grasses although three most common species- M. dorsalis (Motschulsky), M. distincta (Motschulsky), and M. oryzae (Matsumura) may also occur on gramineous crops, such as rice, barley, wheat, maize, sorghum and sugarcane, etc. M. dorsalis (Motschulsky) also acts as a vector of plant pathogens (Nielson, 1968). Like many other cicadellids, identification of this taxon mainly depends on male genital characters. Webb & Vi- raktamath (2009) revised the genus Recilia in their monograph of the Old World Deltocephalini, transferring most species formerly placed in Recilia or Deltocephalus (Recilia) to the genus Maiestas Distant, 1917. Maiestas differs from Deltocephalus or Recilia in having the aedeagal shaft at most only slightly curved in lateral view with its apex not notched and sometimes produced into a thin process or spine with the gonopore apical on the dorsal surface. So far, 98 species of Maiestas have been described worldwide (Duan & Dietrich, 2017). In Korea, only 6 species of this genus were recorded previously (Kwon & Huh, 2001; Lee et al. 2014). In this paper, we treat 12 species from Korea including three new species and three newly recorded species, and provide a checklist and a key for their separation.

Material and methods

Morphological terminology used in the study follows Dietrich (2005). Dissections of male genitalia and sternal apodemes were carried out as described by Kwon (1988). Taxonomic characters were examined under either stereo or optical microscopes (Olympus SZX16, BX51), with a digital camera (Tucsen DigiRetina 16) attached for pho- tography. All the specimens examined are deposited in the collection at the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu 702−701, Korea.

564 Accepted by C. Dietrich: 18 Mar. 2019; published: 25 Jul. 2019 Taxonomy

Genus Maiestas Distant, 1917

Maiestas Distant, 1917, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 312. Type species: Maiestas illustris Distant, 1917, by monotypy. Togacephalus Matsumura, 1940, Ins. Matsumurana 6: 38. Type species: Deltocephalus distincta Motschulsky, 1859, by original designation. Inazuma Ishihara, 1953, Sci. Rept. Matsuyama Agr. Coll.11: 15. Type species: Deltocephalus dorsalis Motschulsky, 1859, by original designation. Inemadara Ishihara, 1953, Sci. Rept. Matsuyama Agr. Coll.11: 48. Type species: Deltocephalus oryzae Matsumura, 1902, by original designation. Insulanus Linnavuori, 1960, Ins. Micronesia 6(5): 303.Type species: Stirellus subviridis Metcalf, 1946, by original designation.

Distribution. Old World. Diagnosis. Body moderately slender, with crown rounded triangularly and projecting forwards, rounded to face. Male pygofer with scattered macrosetae in apical half, without process. Subgenital plate subtriangular with outer margin rounded; macrosetae arranged in marginal row. Style with well expressed subapical angle. Connective fused to aedeagus; arms parallel, with apices fused together. Aedeagal shaft weakly curved dorsally, apex entire and sometimes produced into thin process or spine; gonopore apical, opened dorsally.

Check-list of Korean Maiestas species

Maiestas borealis sp. nov. Maiestas distincta (Motschulsky, 1859) Maiestas dorsalis (Motschulsky, 1859) Maiestas heuksandoensis (Kwon & Lee, 1979) Maiestas horvathi (Then, 1896), new record Maiestas irisa Zhang & Duan, 2011, new record Maiestas latifrons (Matsumura, 1902) Maiestas maritima sp. nov. Maiestas obongsanensis (Kwon & Lee, 1979) Maiestas oryzae (Matsumura, 1902) Maiestas peninsularis sp. nov. Maiestas yangae Zhang & Duan, 2011, new record

Key to species of the genus Maiestas from Korea

1. Forewing with zigzag reddish brown markings ...... M. dorsalis - Forewing without zigzag reddish brown markings ...... 2 2. Forewing with distinct dark spot at middle of near claval suture in clavus, and bigger round dark spot present at base of central anteapical cell ...... M. obongsanensis - Forewing without above combination ...... 3 3. Apical margin of crown entirely lacking dark spots ...... M. heuksanduensis - Apical margin of crown with dark spots ...... 4 4. Aedeagal shaft with a few marginal microspinules in middle portion ...... M. horvathi - Aedeagal shaft without microspinules ...... 5 5. Postion of ventral tooth on style apophysis subapical ...... 6 - Postion of ventral tooth on style apophysis variable, not subapical ...... 7 6. Subgenital plate with evenly convex outer margin ...... M. borealis sp. nov. - Outer margin of subgenital plate convex in basal half, straight in distal half ...... M. irisa 7. Style apophysis abruptly tapered from midlength to narrowly rounded apex ...... 8 - Style apophysis evenly tapered to apex ...... 9 8. Aedeagal shaft short and broad, about 2.4 times as long as basal width in ventral view ...... M. yangae

LEAFHOPPER GENUS MAIESTAS DISTANT FROM KOREA Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 565 - Aedeagal shaft long and slender, about 4 times as long as basal width in ventral view ...... M. distincta 9. Pronotum distinctly shorter than crown ...... M. maritima sp. nov. - Pronotum as long as or longer than crown ...... 10 10. Posterior lobe of 2nd sternal apodeme long, reaching end of 4th sternite ...... M. latifrons - Posterior lobe of 2nd sternal apodeme not extended past 3rd sternite ...... 11 11. Style apophysis slender, slightly curved laterally, bluntly pointed apically ...... M. peninsularis sp. nov. - Style apophysis rather robust, not curved laterally, narrowly rounded apically...... M. oryzae

Maiestas borealis sp. nov. (Figs 1A–J)

Description. General coloration light brown. Crown with dark brownish patterns on anterior margin, on disc brown bands and spots on each side of mid line. Frontoclypeus with fuscous arcs. Pronotum with blackish patches. Scutel- lum with dark brown marks. Forewings with greyish veins; cells bordered with dark brown patches. Head slightly wider than pronotum. Crown longer medially than next to eyes, nearly 0.8 times as long as inter-ocular width; anterior margin angularly rounded. Ocelli close to eyes, on anterior margin of head, visible on dorsal side. Frontoclypeus broad, approximately as long as width between antennal pits. Anteclypeus slightly tapering apically. Lora distinctly narrower than anteclypeus near base. Pronotum slightly longer than crown; lateral margin carinate; anterior margin rounded; posterior margin slightly concave. Scutellum slightly shorter than pronotum, with transverse suture slightly curved and depressed. Forewing macropterous, with four apical and three anteapical cells; inner anteapical cell open basally; middle anteapical cell divided by crossvein. Second sternal apodeme in male with posterior lobes well developed, reaching nearly end of 3rd sternite. Male genitalia. Pygofer lobe in lateral aspect approximately 1.3 times longer than high, with numerous short to long macrosetae in apical half; hind margin somewhat truncate. Subgenital plate subtriangular; lateral margin evenly convex, with several macrosetae. Style slender; preapical lobe acute, well expressed, with fine setae; apophysis rather short, with ventral tooth subapically. Connective longer than aedeagus. Aedeagal shaft rather broad, blade like, gently narrowed apically in ventral view; apex slightly turned dorsad; gonopore indistinct. Body length. Male 3.2–3.3mm, female 3.7–3.8mm. Type material. Holotype male, Korea, Gangwon Province: Balgyosan, 23.IX.2016, Y.J. Kwon; Paratypes, 6 males, 4 females, same data as holotype; Chungbuk Province: 1 male, Cheondeungsan, 1.X.2016; Gyeongbuk Province: 1 male, KPNU campus, Daegu City, 16.IX.1981; 1 male, Daegu City, 13.IX.1983; Jejudo Province: 1 male, Donnaeko, 4.IX.1998; 1 male, Gwangryeong-Ri, on Zoysia sp., 19.II.2016; 2 males, 1 female, Hanlasan, 9.VIII.1984, all same collector. Distribution. Korea (Central, South, Jejudo). Host plant. Zoysia sp. Etymology. The name of the new species is derived from Latin word “borealis” referring its northerly distribution in Asia. Remarks. This species resembles M. yangae Zhang & Duan, 2011, but can be readily differentiated from the latter by the style apophysis in having gently tapered apex and armed with a ventral tooth on subapex. Although it is abruptly tapered to apex from mid length, with a ventral tooth on next middle portion in the latter species. This species is also simlilar to M. horvathi (Then, 1896), but it differs from the latter in having a somewhat broader aedeagal shaft, less acute aedeagal apex and shorter style apophysis.

Maiestas distincta (Motschulsky, 1859)

Deltocephalus distinstus (sic) Motschulsky, 1859, Étud. Ent. 8: 112 (Sri Lanka). Deltocephalus distinctus: Motschulsky, 1863, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 36: 99 (Emend.) Thamnotettix distinctus: Matsumura, 1914, Journ. Coll. Agr. Sapporo, 5 (7): 174. Togacephalus distinctus: Matsumura, 1940, Ins. Matsumurana 6: 34. Inemadara distinct: Linnavuori, 1960, Ins. Micronesia 6(5): 307. Recilia distinct: Linnavuori, 1975, Ins. Micronesia 6(9): 618. Recilia (Togacephalus) distinct: Kwon & Lee, 1979, Nat. & Life 9(2): 77. Deltocephalus (Recilia) distinctus: Dash & Viraktamath, 1998, Hexapoda 10(1&2): 27. Maiestas distincta: Webb & Viraktamath, 2009, Zootaxa 2163: 18.

566 · Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press DUTTA ET AL. Material examined. Unavailable in the present investigation. Distribution. Korea, Japan, China, Thailand, India, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Israel. Host plant. Oryza sativa (cf. Esaki & Ito, 1954; Lee & Kwon, 1977, 1979; Wilson & Claridge, 1991). Remarks. This species was first recorded in Korea by Esaki & Ito (1954) who did not list any voucher specimens or examine male genitalic characters, which are essential for accurate identification. Since then, it was cited by several authors from Korea (Ishihara, 1961; Lee & Kwon, 1977; Kwon et. al.1996; Kwon & Huh, 2001). We did not find any Korean specimens that could be identified as this species. Therefore, the presence of this species on the Korean peninsula is uncertain and needs confirmation because it may be confused with other allied species.

Maiestas dorsalis (Motschulsky, 1859) (Figs 2A–J)

Deltocephalus dorsalis Motschulsky, 1859, Étud. Ent. 8: 114 (Sri Lanka). Deltocephallus fulguralis Matsumura, 1902, Termesz. Füz. 25: 391. Togacephalus dorsalis: Matsumura, 1940, Ins. Matsumurana 6: 34. Inazuma dorsalis: Ishihara, 1953, Sci. Rept. Matsuyama Agr. Coll.11: 48. Recilia (Inazuma) dorsalis: Kwon & Lee, 1979, Nat. & Life 9(2): 80. Deltocephalus (Recilia) dorsalis: Dash & Viraktamath, 1998, Hexapoda 10(1&2): 27. Maiestas dorsalis: Webb & Viraktamath, 2009, Zootaxa 2163: 16.

Material examined. Korea, Chungbuk Province: 4 males, 3 females, Cheongwon, 3.VIII.2013, Y.J. Kwon; Gang- won Province: 1 male, Balgyosan, 5.VI.2016; Gyeongbuk Province: 6 males, 4 females, Gunwi, on GMO Oryza sativa, 1.X.2013; 1 female, Hyang-eup, 8.X.1984; 1 male, Kangdong-M, 9.X.1998; Gyeonggi Province: 4 males, 2 females, Camp Humphreys, 5.VI.2016; 2 males, 3 females, 20.VI.2016; 2 males, 1 female, 18.IX.2015; 1 male, 3 females, 23.VIII.2016; 2 males, 3 females, all same locality, 20.X.2016; Gyeongnam Province: 1 male, Mangasan A, 6.IX.1997; Jejudo Province: 1 male, Hallasan, 27.VII.1994, all same collector. Distribution. Korea (Central, South, Jejudo), Japan, China, Borneo, Srilanka, India, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan. Host plants. Avena sativa (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), Citrus spp. (cf. Ko, 1969; Kor. Soc. Plant Prot, 1986; Kor. For. Res. Ins., 1995), Citrus junos (cf. Kor. For. Res. Ins., 1995), Citrus sinensis (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant Prot, 1986), Citrus unshiu (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant Prot, 1986; Kor. For. Res. Ins., 1995), Hordeum spp. (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), Hordeum sativum (cf. Ishihara, 1965; Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), Oryza sativa (cf. Ishihara, 1965; Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), Oryza sativa terrestris (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), GMO Oryza sativa (observed), Secale cereale (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), sugarcane (cf. Ishihara, 1965; Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), wheat (cf. Ishihara, 1965; Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986). Remarks. This species can be easily diagnosed by the reddish brown zigzag markings on the forewings. It is a well-known pest of agriculture, and as a vector of rice orange leaf disease, rice tungro bacilliform virus disease, rice dwarf virus disease and rice tungro spherical virus disease.

Maiestas heuksandoensis (Kwon & Lee, 1979) (Figs 3A–K)

Recilia (Togacephalus) heuksandoensis Kwon & Lee, 1979, Nat. & Life 9(2): 79–80 (Korea). Maiestas heuksandoensis: Webb & Viraktamath, 2009, Zootaxa, 2163: 16.

Material examined. Korea, Chungbuk Province: 3 males, 4 females, Cheondeungsan, 1.X.2016, Y.J. Kwon; Gang- won Province: 1 male, Balgyoasan, 25.IX.2016; 1 male, 1 female, Deokgasan, 2.X.2016; 2 males, 2 females, same locality, 19.X.2016; 1 male, 2 females, same locality, 20.X.2016; 1 male, Giusan, 10.VI.2016; 1 female, same locality, 8.X.2016; 1 male, 2 females, Seoraksan, 1.VII.1984; 2 males, 1 female, same locality, 2.VII.1984; Gyeongbuk Province: 7 males, 8 females, on Zoysia sp., Daegu, 13.VII.1984; 5 males, 2 females, on Zoysia sp., same locality, 6.X.1984; 4 males, 2 females, Dansan-myeon, 2.X.1982; 1 male, 2 females, Gohang-ri, 7.X.2016; 5 males, 1 female, Hyang-eup, 8.X.1984; 1 males, 3 females, Palgongsan, 7.X.1984; Gyeongnam Province: 6 males, 8 females,

LEAFHOPPER GENUS MAIESTAS DISTANT FROM KOREA Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 567 Gajisan, 1.X.1984; 1 male, Geumsan, 23.VIII.1994; 2 females, Hwangmaesan, 7.VIII.1998; Jeonbuk Province: 9 males, 4 females, on Zoysia sp., Naejangsan, 14.VIII.1981; Jeonnam Province: ; 3 males, 4 females, on Zoysia sp., Is. Heuksando, 11.VIII.2018; 2 males, Is. Jindo, 17.VII.1984; 1 male, 1 female, Is. Sinjido, 21.VII.1984; 1 female, Wando, 21.VII.1984; Jejudo Province: 1 male, Hallasan, 7.VIII.1984; 4 males, 3 females, same locality, 9.VIII.1984; 3 males, 5 females, same locality, 10.VIII.1984; 6 males, 6 females, same locality, 7.X.1990; 1 female, Hwasun, 29.V.1992; 2 males, 1 female, Jungmun, 23.VII.1981; 3 males, 5 females, same locality, 12.VIII.1984; 2 males, 1 female, Is. Marado, 10.VII.1994; 3 males, 5 females, Is. Udo, 9.VII.1994, all same collector. Distribution. Korea (Central, South, Jejudo), China. Host plant. Zoysia sp. (observed). Remarks. This species can be distinguished by its relatively small size and lack of any dark spots on the apical margin of the crown.

Maiestas horvathi (Then, 1896) (Figs 4A–J)

Thamnotettix horvathi Then, 1896, Naturw. Ver. Steierm. 32: 193 (Tyrol, Trieste, Carniola, Crimea). Deltocephalus horvathi: Wagner, 1939, Jahrb. Ver. Nat. Nassau 86: 164. Maiestas horvathi: Webb & Viraktamath, 2009, Zootaxa 2163: 16.

Material examined. Korea, Gyeongbuk Province: 1 female, Bibongsan, 21.VII.1999, Y.J. Kwon; 2 males, 3 females, Daegu City, 28.IX.1981; 3 males, 1 female, same locality, 10.X.1984; 1 male, 1 female, same locality, 6.X.1984; 1 male, Dansan-myeon, 13.VIII.1983; 2 females, same locality, 2.X.1982; Gyeonggi Province: 1 male, Camp Humphreys, 5.VI.2015; 1 male, same locality, 23.VI.2015; Gyeongnam Province: 2 females, Hwangmaesan, 7.VIII.1998; 1 male, 2 female, Cheonhwangsan, 30.IX.1984; Gangwon Province: 1 male, Hambaeksan, 11.VI.2016; Jeonnam Province: 1 female, Is. Jeobdo, 20.VII.1984; Jejudo Province: 1 female, Donnaeko, 4.IX.1998; 1 female, Mt. Hanlasan, 22.VIII.1981; all same collector. Distribution. Korea (new record: Central, South, Jejudo), China (Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, Tianjin, Hunan), Russia, Europe. Host plant. Unknown. Remarks. Zhang & Duan (2011) reported variation in the shape and length of the style apophysis in specimens of this species from China, but no such variation was observed in Korean material.

Maiestas irisa Zhang & Duan, 2011 (Figs 5A–J)

Maiestas irisa Zhang & Duan, 2011, Zootaxa 2870: 30 (China).

Material examined. Korea, Gyeongbuk Province: 1 male, 2 females, Yecheon, 2.VIII.2008, Y.J. Kwon; 1 female, 7.VII.2008, same locality and collector. Distribution. Korea (new record: South), China (Zhejiang, Yantai). Host plant. Unknown. Remarks. This species can be distinguished by the narrow aedeagal shaft which is upturned and hook like apically. The style is also very characteristic, with the apophysis short and robust, tapered to an acute apex over the distal half, and only slightly curved laterad.

568 · Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press DUTTA ET AL. FIGURE 1. Maiestas borealis sp. nov. A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, lateral view; C. face; D. male pygofer lobe, lateral view; E. subgenital plates and valve, ventral view; F. style, dorsal view; G. connective and aedeagus, dorsal view; H. connective and aedeagus, lateral view; I. abdominal apodeme of sternite II; J. style apophysis, lateral view.

LEAFHOPPER GENUS MAIESTAS DISTANT FROM KOREA Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 569 FIGURE 2. Maiestas dorsalis (Motschulsky, 1859); A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, lateral view; C. face; D. male pygofer lobe, lateral view; E. subgenital plates and valve, ventral view; F. style, dorsal view; G. connective and aedeagus, dorsal view; H. connective and aedeagus, lateral view; I. abdominal apodeme of sternite II; J. style apophysis, lateral view.

570 · Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press DUTTA ET AL. FIGURE 3. Maiestas heuksandoensis (Kwon & Lee, 1979); A. habitus (male), dorsal view; B. habitus (male), lateral view; C. face (male); D. habitus (female), dorsal view; E. male pygofer lobe, lateral view; F. subgenital plates and valve, ventral view; G. style, dorsal view; H. connective and aedeagus, dorsal view; I. connective and aedeagus, lateral view; J. abdominal apodeme of sternite II; K. style apophysis, lateral view.

LEAFHOPPER GENUS MAIESTAS DISTANT FROM KOREA Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 571 FIGURE 4. Maiestas horvathi (Then, 1896), n. rec. A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, lateral view; C. face; D. male pygofer lobe, lateral view; E. subgenital plates and valve, ventral view; F. style, dorsal view; G. connective and aedeagus, dorsal view; H. connective and aedeagus, lateral view; I. abdominal apodeme of sternite II; J. style apophysis, lateral view.

572 · Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press DUTTA ET AL. FIGURE 5. Maiestas irisa Zhang & Duan, 2011, n. rec. A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, lateral view; C. face; D. male pygofer lobe, lateral view; E. subgenital plates and valve, ventral view; F. style, dorsal view; G. connective and aedeagus, dorsal view; H. connective and aedeagus, lateral view; I. abdominal apodeme of sternite II; J. style apophysis, lateral view.

Deltocephalus latifrons Matsumura, 1902, Termesz. Füz. 25: 393 (Japan). Thamnotettix latifrons: Matsumura, 1914, Journ. Coll. Agr. Sapporo 5 (7): 174. Recilia latifrons: Vilbaste, 1968, Ub. Zik. Prim. Geb.: 128; Anufriev & Emeljanov, 1988, Keys Ins. Far East USSR 2: 242– 243. Recilia (Togacephalus) latifrons: Kwon & Lee, 1979, Nat. & Life 9(2): 77. Maiestas latifrons: Webb & Viraktamath, 2009, Zootaxa, 2163: 16.

Material examined. Korea, Chungbuk Province: 1 male, 1 female, Cheondeungsan, 1.X.2016, Y.J. Kwon; Gyeong- buk Province: 1 male, on Zoysia japonica, KPNU campus, Daegu, 21.IX.2004; 8 males, 6 females, same locality, 21.VI.2016; 7 males, 4 females, same locality, 6.IX.2016; Gyeonggi Province: 1 male, Camp Humphreys, 23.VIII.2016; Gangwon Province: 6 males, 2 females, Deokgasan, 19.VIII.2016; 3 males, Hambaeksan, 11.VI.2016, all same collector. Distribution. Korea (Central, South), Japan, Russia (Maritime Territory), China. Host plant. Oryza sativa (cf. Lee & Kwon, 1979; Wilson & Claridge, 1991), Paulownia coreana (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), Paulownia tomentosa (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), Zoysia japonica (observed). Remarks. This species can be distinguished by the following features: aedeagal shaft swollen subasally, then gently narrowed to pointed apex; style apophysis slightly curved laterally, tapered towards bluntly pointed apex, with ventral tooth in middle portion; posterior lobes of 2nd sternal apodeme well developed, reaching end of 4th sternite.

Maiestas maritima sp. nov. (Figs 7A–K, 8)

Description. General coloration light yellowish grey. Crown with dark brownish oblique band noticeable on each side of median line near and parallel to anterior margin. Frontoclypeus with fuscous arcs. Pronotum greenish yellow with blackish patches near posterior margin. Scutellum greenish yellow with darker basal triangles in male. Forewings with veins margined by brown patches. Head wider than pronotum. Crown longer medially than next to eyes, nearly 0.9 times as long as interocular width in male, distinctly longer in female; anterior margin angularly rounded. Ocelli on anterior margin of head, close to eyes, visible on dorsal side. Frontoclypeus broad, nearly as long as width between antennal pits. Anteclypeus slightly tapering apically. Lora distinctly narrower than anteclypeus near base. Pronotum approximately 0.8 times as long as crown in male, shorter than crown in female, lateral margin carinate; anterior margin rounded; posterior margin slightly concave. Scutellum nearly as long as pronotum in male, shorter in female, with transverse suture slightly curved and depressed. Forewings generally macropterous in male, submacropterous in female. Second sternal apodeme with posterior lobes developed, reaching end of 3rd sternite. Male genitalia. Pygofer lobes approximately 1.6 times longer than high in lateral aspect, with numerous macrosetae in apical half; hind margin somewhat oval. Subgenital plates rounded triangular, with 5–6 macrosetae and a few hair like setae alongside the lateral margin. Styles rather slender; preapical lobe well expressed, angulate, furnished with several setose hairs; apophyses gently narrowed to bluntly pointed apically, protruded with a tooth on ventral side at next middle portion. Connective slightly longer than adeagus. Aedeagal shaft swollen subbasally, then tapered to acute apex; apex slightly turned dorsad; gonopore indistinct. Body length. Male 2.9 mm, female 3.3mm. Type material. Holotype, male, Korea: Jeonnam Province, Sumun Beach, on Zoysia sinica, 23.VIII.2017, Y.J. Kwon; Paratypes, 2 males, 4 females, same date as holotype; 8 males, 12 females, on Zoysia sinica, same locality, 14.X.2017; Chungnam Province: 2 males, 2 females, on Zoysia sinica, Yanggil-ri, Palbong-myeon, Seosan City, 29.IX.2017, all same collector. Distribution. Korea (Central, South). Host plant. Zoysia sinica (observed). Etymology. The name of the species is derived from the Latin word “maritimus” referring to the seaside habitat of the type material.

574 · Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press DUTTA ET AL. FIGURE 6. Maiestas latifrons (Matsumura, 1902); A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, lateral view; C. face; D. male pygofer lobe, lateral view; E. subgenital plates and valve, ventral view; F. style, dorsal view; G. connective and aedeagus, dorsal view; H. connective and aedeagus, lateral view; I. abdominal apodeme of sternite II; J. style apophysis, lateral view.

LEAFHOPPER GENUS MAIESTAS DISTANT FROM KOREA Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 575 FIGURE 7. Maiestas maritima sp. nov. A. habitus (male), dorsal view; B. habitus (male), lateral view; C. face (male); D. habitus (female), dorsal view; E. male pygofer lobe, lateral view; F. subgenital plates and valve, ventral view; G. style, dorsal view; H. connective and aedeagus, dorsal view; I. connective and aedeagus, lateral view; J. abdominal apodeme of sternite II; K. style apophysis, lateral view.

576 · Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press DUTTA ET AL. Remarks. This species resembles M. latifrons but can be readily differentiated by the shape of the aedeagal shaft, by the male pronotum distinctly shorter than the crown, and by the posterior lobes of 2nd sternal apodeme reaching the end of the 3rd sternite in the male. In the latter species, the male pronotum is nearly as long as the crown, and the posterior lobes of the 2nd sternal apodeme reach the end of the 4th sternite. The new species is also distinctive in being sexually dimorphic in head proportions and wing shape.

FIGURE 8. General view of the first collection site of Maiestas maritima sp. nov.

Maiestas obongsanensis (Kwon & Lee, 1979) (Figs 9A–J)

Recilia (Togacephalus) obongsanensis Kwon & Lee, 1979, Nat. & Life 9(2): 78–79 (Korea). Maiestas obongsanensis, Webb & Viraktamath, 2009, Zootaxa 2163: 16.

Material examined. Korea, Gangwon Province: 1 male, Balgyosan, 21.VIII.2016, Y.J. Kwon; Gyeongbuk Prov- ince: 1 male, Dansan-myeon, 2.X.1982, Y.J. Kwon; 1 male, Palgongsan, 7.X.1984; Gyeongnam Province: 1 male, Tongdosa temple, 9.X.1979; Jeonbuk Province: 1 female, Naejangsan, 14.VIII.1981; Jeonnam Province: 1 female, Cheonmabong, 21.VIII.2011, all same collector. Distribution. Korea (Central, South), China. Host plant. Unknown. Remarks. This species can be distinguished by the shape of the style and the apex of aedeagal shaft, and by the characteristic spots on the forewing.

Maiestas oryzae (Matsumura, 1902) (Figs 10A–J)

Deltocephalus oryzae Matsumura, 1902, Termesz. Füz. 25: 390 (Japan). Thamnotettix oryzae: Matsumura, 1914, Journ. Coll. Agr. Sapporo 5 (7): 174. Inemadara oryzae: Ishihara, 1953, Sci. Rept. Matsuyama Agr. Coll.11: 48. Recilia oryzae: Vilbaste, 1968, Ub. Zik. Prim. Geb.: 128.

LEAFHOPPER GENUS MAIESTAS DISTANT FROM KOREA Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 577 Recilia (Togacephalus) oryzae: Kwon & Lee, 1979, Nat. & Life 9(2): 77. Maiestas oryzae: Webb & Viraktamath, 2009, Zootaxa 2163: 16.

Material examined. Korea, Chungbuk Province: 1 male, Cheondeungsan, 1.X.2016, Y.J. Kwon; Gyeongbuk Prov- ince: 2 females, Gangdong-M, 9.X.1998; 12 males, 14 females, Gasan-ri, Gumi, 9.V.2015; 3 males, 3 females, Hyang-eup, 28.VI.1982; 1 male, 1 female, Palgongsan, 7.X.1984; 1 male, Seonginbong, 12.VII.2012; 1 male, Wangdusan, 30.VI.2014; 1 male, Whanghaksan, 28.VI.1982; 2 females, Yecheon, 2.VIII.2008; 1 male, 1 female, Yongjang-dong, 30.VII.2012; Gyeonggi Province: 1 male, Camp Humphreys, 11.VI.2016; 1 female, Sihung-si, 13.XI.1998; Gyeongnam Province: 1 male, 1 female, Gajisan, 1.X.1984; 1 female, Jirisan, 21.VIII.2002; 3 males, 4 females, Tongyeong, 9.IX.1990; Gangwon Province: 2 males, 3 females, Balgyosan, 23.IX.2016; 1 female, De- okgasan, 28.VII.2016; 1 male, 1 female, same locality, 20.VIII.2016; 5 males, Hambaeksan, 11.VI.2016; 1 female, Odaesan, 1.VIII.1983; 1 female, Seoraksan, 2.VII.1984; Jeonnam Province: 1 female, Is. Jeobdo, 20.VII.1984; 1 male, 1 female, Palyeongsan, 20.VII.2011; 1 female, Is. Wando, 20.VII.1984; Jejudo Province: 1 female, Hallasan, 5.VIII.1989, all same collector. Distribution. Korea (whole), Japan, China, Taiwan, Mongolia. Host plant. Avena sativa (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), Glycine max (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), Glycine spp. (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1972, 1986), Hordeum sativum (cf. Esaki & ito, 1954; Lee & Kwon, 1977, 1979; Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), Hordeum spp. (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), Oryza sativa (cf. Esaki & Ito, 1954; Kuoh, 1966; Lee & Kwon, 1977, 1979; Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986; Wilson & Claridge, 1991), Oryza sativa terrestris (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), Quercus acutissima (cf. Lee & Kwon, 1977, 1979), Secale cereale (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), wheat (cf. Esaki & Ito, 1954; Lee & Kwon, 1977, 1979; Kor. Soc. Plant Prot., 1986), Zea mays (cf. Kor. Soc. Plant. Prot., 1986). Remarks. This species can be distinguished by its rather robust and long style apophysis. This species is an important pest of rice in East Asia.

Maiestas peninsularis sp. nov. (Figs 11A–J)

Description. General coloration pale yellowish brown. Crown with oblique brown band on each side of median line at anterior margin, with six brown marks below these bands. Pronotum light yellowish, with dark brown patches. Scutellum light yellowish, with blackish basal triangles. Forewings pale brown, veins and cells light in tint with brownish edging. Head wider than pronotum. Crown longer medially than next to eyes, nearly 0.7 times as long as interocular width; anterior margin angularly rounded. Ocelli located on anterior margin of crown, close to eyes. Frontoclypeus broad, nearly as long as width between antennal pits. Anteclypeus slightly tapering apically. Lora distinctly narrower than anteclypeus at near base. Pronotum nearly 1.2 times as long as crown; lateral margin carinate; anterior margin roundly produced; posterior margin slightly concave. Scutellum nearly as long as pronotum, with transverse suture almost straight, not so prominent. Second sternal apodeme in male with posterior lobes well developed, reaching upto end of 3rd sternite. Male genitalia. Pygofer lobes nearly twice longer than high in lateral view, with numerous macrosetae on apical half; hind margin rounded. Subgenital plates rounded triangular; lateral margins with uniseriate row of macrosetae along with a few hair like setae. Styles slender; apophysis rather long, slightly curved laterally, gently tapered to bluntly pointed apex, bearing ventral tooth in middle portion. Connective longer than aedeagus. Aedeagal shaft slender, rather narrow, swollen subbasally, then tapered to acute upturned apex; gonopore indistinct. Body length. Male 3.2–3.3mm, female 3.5–3.6mm. Type material. Holotype male, Korea: Jejudo Province, Gwaneumsa, Hallasan, on Zoysia sp., 7.III.2016, Y.J. Kwon; Paratypes, 7 males, 9 females, same data as holotype; 1 male, Sangumburi, 7.III.2016; Chungbuk Province: 1 male, Geumsusan, 27.VIII.2013; Gyeongbuk Province: 1 male, Dansan-myeon, 13.VIII.1983; 1 male, Hyang- eup, 8.X.1984; 1 male, KPNU campus, Daegu City, 21.IX.2004; Gyeonggi Province: 1 male, Camp Humphreys, 15.VII.2016; 1 male, same locality, 25.V.2016; 1 female, same locality, 23.VI.2016; Gangwon Province: 1 male, Daeamsan, 26.VII.1986; Jeonbuk Province: 1 male, Unjangsan, 28.VIII.1998, all same collector. Distribution. Korea (Cental, South, Jejudo). Host plant. Zoysia sp.

578 · Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press DUTTA ET AL. Remarks. This new species resembles M. latifrons but can be differentiated from the latter by the more slender and preapically constricted apex of the aedeagal shaft, shorter posterior lobes of the 2nd sternal apodeme, and less strongly produced head.

FIGURE 9. Maiestas obongsanensis (Kwon & Lee, 1979); A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, lateral view; C. face; D. male pygofer lobe, lateral view; E. subgenital plates and valve, ventral view; F. style, dorsal view; G. connective and aedeagus, dorsal view; H. connective and aedeagus, lateral view; I. abdominal apodeme of sternite II; J. style apophysis, lateral view.

LEAFHOPPER GENUS MAIESTAS DISTANT FROM KOREA Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 579 FIGURE 10. Maiestas oryzae (Matsumura, 1902); A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, lateral view; C. face; D. male pygofer lobe, lateral view; E. subgenital plates and valve, ventral view; F. style, dorsal view; G. connective and aedeagus, dorsal view; H. connective and aedeagus, lateral view; I. abdominal apodeme of sternite II; J. style apophysis, lateral view.

580 · Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press DUTTA ET AL. FIGURE 11. Maiestas peninsularis sp. nov. A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, lateral view; C. face; D. male pygofer lobe, lateral view; E. subgenital plates and valve, ventral view; F. style, dorsal view; G. connective and aedeagus, dorsal view; H. connective and aedeagus, lateral view; I. abdominal apodeme of sternite II; J. style apophysis, lateral view.

LEAFHOPPER GENUS MAIESTAS DISTANT FROM KOREA Zootaxa 4646 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 581 FIGURE 12. Maiestas yangae Zhang & Duan, 2011, n. rec. A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, lateral view; C. face; D. male pygofer lobe, lateral view; E. subgenital plates and valve, ventral view; F. style, dorsal view; G. connective and aedeagus, dorsal view; H. connective and aedeagus, lateral view; I. abdominal apodeme of sternite II; J. style apophysis, lateral view.

Maiestas yangae Zhang & Duan, 2011, Zootaxa 2870: 36 (China).

Material examined. Korea, Gyeongbuk Province: 1 male, Daegu City, 06.X.1984, Y.J. Kwon; 2 males, Dansan- myeon, 13.VIII.1983; 1 male, Hayang-eup, 8.X.1984; Gangwon Province: 6 males, 2 females, Balgyosan, 23.IX. 2016; 1 male, Giusan, 08.X.2016, all same collector. Distribution. Korea (new record: Central, South), China (Jilin, Liaoning, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui). Host plant. Unknown. Remarks. Zhang & Duan (2011) reported some variation in the shape of the style apophysis in specimens of this species from China, but no such variation was observed in Korean material. This species can be diagnosed by the fairly short and broad aedeagal shaft, and by the style apophysis, which is abruptly tapered and narrowly rounded apically from midlength.

References

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