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Agreement and Impacts on Wives and Children Well-Being of Polygamous Family Structure Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 13, 2020 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: AGREEMENT AND IMPACTS ON WIVES AND CHILDREN WELL-BEING OF POLYGAMOUS FAMILY STRUCTURE Rose Chen Siew Kee1, *Siti Aishah Hassan2 12 Department of Counselor Education and Counseling PsychologyFaculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Correspondence e-mail: siti_aishahh@ upm.edu.my Received: 15.04.2020 Revised: 16.05.2020 Accepted: 12.06.2020 Abstract The objective of this study is to understand the agreement percentage with the polygamy practice among senior wives and impacts of polygamy on children and wives from polygamous families. Issue of polygamy is widespread in the world nowadays. Literatures show that the polygamy is normally practiced in Middle East countries and affects the wives and children negatively. Results from different journal sources conducted in different countries were assimilated to attain better understanding of the relevance of impacts of polygamy on children and wives from polygamous families. The core of this work builds on highlighting the main findings related to the impacts of polygamous on children and wives from polygamous families in Palestine, Jordan, Syria, Nigeria, Israel and Turkey. The role of counsellor in the counselling session to help the children and wives from polygamous families also being discuss in review. The limitation of this review is the selected studies were only limited to Nigeria and Middle East countries such as Palestine, Syria, Israel, Jordan and Turkey. We suggest for more empirical studies on the practice of polygamy in Malaysia be published in scholarly journals. Keywords: Polygamy, Effects, Wives, Children © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.13.106 INTRODUCTION Polygamy has become one of the cultural interest issue in this jealousy and unequal household distribution among the wives world. The most common form of polygamy is polygyny which in polygamy family structure. Consequently, the wives and happens when a man married to more than one wife at the children face the problems of those irresponsible husband same time. African societies practiced polygamy for centuries from polygamous families. The study of Aurangzaib Alamgir (Helena Chojnacka, 2015). The educated Nigerians from (2014) found that the practice of polygamy has caused the monogamous families considered polygamy as normal. In misery and hardships to the children and first wife. Muslim communities, practice of polygamy also prevalent. Muslims who practice polygamy based on the Qur'an verse OBJECTIVE (4:3) that said that a man can marry up to four wives. The majority of people may confused in understanding and Nevertheless, polygamy also has been practiced in other practicing the polygamy and has become the hotly debated countries. Before the arrival of Islam, the polygamy has been issue globally. The factors which cause polygamy are biological practiced among the rich and elite Chinese and Indian factor, infertility of senior wife, economic capability and social communities (Abdullah, R., Abdullah, S., & Ferdousi, N., 2015). factor. Fairness in the polygamy practice is defined as the Over time, the polygamy practice has been allowed in general ability of a husband to provide treatment equally, upkeep and go unnoticed. In United States Polygamy is practiced by living conditions to his wives. However, when the husbands Mormons, as Joseph Smith, the founder of the Mormon faith, from polygamous families cannot achieve this requirement. said he received a revelation from God that told him to take This condition may brought the negative impacts to the more than one wife. According to the Tsoaledi Daniel children and wives in polygamous families because the Thobejane & Takayindisa Flora (2014) in Canada and United husband is not being fair to the wives. In short, this systematic States, there is estimated 30,000 people involved in practice of review of literatures aims to answer the following objectives: polygamy. In Mali, practice of polygamy is legally performed. i. To identify the percentage of agreement with the practice Polygamy signifies an aspect of Malian religion and culture polygamy among the senior wives (Yaya Dissa, 2016). ii. To identify the impacts of polygamy on wives from polygamous families Nowadays, women’s wellbeing has received substantial iii. To identify the impacts of polygamy on children from scholarly attention (Siti Aishah Hassan, 2015). Therefore, this polygamous families reviewed is conducted to study on the impact of polygamous family structure on woman and children wellbeing. There are METHODS many psychological implications of polygamy among men, This systematic review was started by searching keywords women, and children. If we look at the practice of polygamy in related to effects of polygamy through database. Two data our society, we can conclude that many husband ignore the bases were used in the search which are SAGE database and polygamy rules. Most of them practice polygamy only to fulfil Scopus database. According to Neerushah Subarimanian, Siti their lust, thus ignoring the main principles in Islamic law, Aishah Hassan & Noor Syamilah Zakaria (2017), suitable which is realization of justice and benefit. Adam, B. and literatures which will address the motive of this review was Mburugu, E (1994) said that polygamy can cause competition, obtained by setting up a specific search strategy. The following Journal of critical reviews 596 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: AGREEMENT AND IMPACTS ON WIVES AND CHILDREN WELL-BEING OF POLYGAMOUS FAMILY STRUCTURE method has been implemented in order to obtain relevance positive or negative. Polygamy is practiced more and less in literatures to address the objectives of this review. All search Islamic countries, it is sure will cause impacts to the family related in the Scopus and SAGE are shown in Figure 1. atmosphere, reactions and behaviors of children. Children are affected due to the conflict of marital and distress, father The Search Strategy absence and parental style in the polygamous families (Elbedour, Onwuegbize, Caridine & Abu-Saad, 2002). The reviewer attempted to look for more recent literatures According to the review, most of the practice of polygamy that were published in the past five years (2015 to 2019). brought negative effect to the senior wives and children from However, the limited number of articles broadened the review polygamous family. to articles to the past ten years, which is from year 2010 to 2019. The database (Scopus and SAGE) was used to search the Alean Al-Krenawi (2010) studied the agreement percentage of relevance literatures. These database has been accessed under the practice of polygamy among 187 senior wives from ezaccess website of University Putra Malaysia, UPM. polygamous families in Palestine. This study found that 80.2% Two Key words which are polygamy and effects used to obtain wives do not agree with the practice of polygamous family the extended list of literatures.. There were 1685 articles structure, 10.8% agreed under certain conditions and 9% of found by searching the keywords which are polygamy and the wives agreed the practice of polygamy. Furthermore, study effects. Records after duplicates removed was 167. For the of Alean Al-Krenawi, John R. Graham & Fakir Al Gharaibeh next step, several inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria are (2011) in Jordan among 93 senior wives from polygamous being applied to the search result in order to increase the family also showed that most of the senior wives do not agree effectiveness of the searching process, as shown in Figure 1. In with the polygamy practice. The result of the study showed order to narrow down the search results, the search area was that 66.2% of the senior wives do not agree with the polygamy excluded the articles before year 2010 (72), review and practice, 18.2% agree under certain conditions and 15.6% conference articles (13). The field article (21) and participants agree with the polygamy practice. In Alean Al-Krenawi (2013) which were not related (10) also has been excluded. Total 116 study in Syria, 76.6% of the 64 senior wives from polygamous articles has been excluded and the outcome was 51 articles. families do not agree with the practice of polygamy, 18.8% The retrieved papers were screened based on their titles and agree with certain conditions and 4.6% agree with the abstracts. 13 of articles were excluded due to the irrelevant polygamy practice. outcome. The search was stopped when 10 most relevant journal articles was found. The articles were studied and The Islamic Family Law Act explains that Syariah court can still reviewed thoroughly. give permission for a husband to be polygamous if his current wife disagrees with the application of polygamy (Lembaga FINDINGS OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW Penyelidik Undang-Undang, 2001). This does not mean that if The information of the selected articles pertaining to the existing wife disagrees the practice of polygamy, the polygamy impacts on children and wives from polygamous Syariah Court will disagree as well. Although the senior wife families is shown in Table 1. The author, year of publication, refuses to cooperate, the marriage still can continue after the title of journal articles, setting of the study, participants, and husband inform the senior wife. Previously, a Muslim husband main findings of each literature are clearly outlined. Clearer who wanted to marry an additional wife had to show the and better view of the information related to the impacts of marriage was both “just and necessary”, but the 2005 polygamy on wives and children wellbeing of polygamous amendment loosened it to either “just” or “necessary”, with the family structure is shown in Table 1. The literatures included risk of adultery by the husband also accepted as a necessary in this review were studies done in Palestine, Jordan, Syria, condition (Zurairi Ar, 2019).
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