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Autonomia Jednostki W Międzynarodowym Prawie

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Autonomia Jednostki W Międzynarodowym Prawie Agata Wnukiewicz-Kozłowska Wybór tematu recenzowanej monografii należy uznać za wyjątkowo trafny. Aktualność i doniosłość poznawcza podjętej problematyki, a tak- że, co ważne, również jej wartość praktyczna, nie budzą wątpliwości. Syn- tetyczny tytuł pracy jest w pełni adekwatny, dobrze oddaje jej zawartość Agata Wnukiewicz-Kozłowska i główną ideę. [...] Całość rozważań zawartych w monografii koncentruje się na uzasad- nieniu jej głównej tezy o wykształceniu się nowego rodzaju prawa, wywo- Autonomia jednostki w międzynarodowym prawie biomedycznym dzącego się z prawa międzynarodowego publicznego oraz uwzględniają- cego klasyczny kanon praw i wolności jednostki, ale charakteryzującego się istotną odrębnością przedmiotową i specyfiką podmiotową. [...] za- prezentowane w pracy bardzo szerokie uzasadnienie głównej tezy jest wyjątkowo solidne, wszechstronne i przekonywające. Zostało ono oparte Autonomia na imponującym pod względem wielkości i różnorodności materiale ze- branym i wykorzystanym przez Autorkę w toku badań. [...] poza bardzo jednostki licznymi źródłami prawa w ścisłym tego słowa znaczeniu (traktaty, akty w prawa UE, ustawy i inne akty normatywne) w pracy wykorzystano boga- te orzecznictwo sądów międzynarodowych i krajowych, różnego rodzaju międzynarodowym dokumenty, wyniki badań empirycznych, a nawet materiały publicystycz- ne. Autorka dostrzegła i uwzględniła rosnącą, choć ciągle jeszcze niedo- prawie określoną rolę soft law. To bogactwo materiału wykorzystanego w pracy biomedycznym jest jej niewątpliwą zaletą. z recenzji wydawniczej dr. hab. Włodzimierza Gromskiego ISBN 978-83-66066-49-6 (druk) ISBN 978-83-66066-50-2 (online) Wrocław 2019 Autonomia_jednostki_w_miedzynarodowym_prawie_biomedycznym_B5_cover_03_hybryda_z_04.indd 1 17-04-2019 22:16:09 Autonomia jednostki w międzynarodowym prawie biomedycznym Prace Naukowe Wydziału Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Seria: e-Monografie Nr 135 Dostęp online: http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/publication/102030 Agata Wnukiewicz-Kozłowska Uniwersytet Wrocławski ORCID: 0000-0002-4872-3852 Autonomia jednostki w międzynarodowym prawie biomedycznym Wrocław 2019 Kolegium Redakcyjne prof. dr hab. Leonard Górnicki – przewodniczący dr Julian Jezioro – zastępca przewodniczącego mgr Aleksandra Dorywała – sekretarz mgr Ewa Gałyga-Michowska – członek mgr Bożena Górna – członek mgr Tadeusz Juchniewicz – członek Recenzent: dr hab. Włodzimierz Gromski © Copyright by Agata Wnukiewicz-Kozłowska Korekta: Aleksandra Król Projekt i wykonanie okładki: Andrzej Malenda Skład i opracowanie techniczne: Aleksandra Kumaszka, eBooki.com.pl Druk: Drukarnia Beta-druk, www.betadruk.pl Wydawca E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego ISBN 978-83-66066-49-6 (druk) ISBN 978-83-66066-50-2 (online) Pamięci mojego Taty – archetypu lekarza Z wdzięcznością dla mojej Mamy – opoki Z miłością dla moich Córek – sensu wszystkiego Z zaufaniem dla mojego Brata – lekarza i przyjaciela Z przesłaniem dla mojego Męża – “A woman’s guess is much more accurate than a man’s certainty” /Rudyard Kipling/ Spis treści Wykaz skrótów .......................................................................................................... 13 Wstęp ............................................................................................................................. 15 Rozdział I. Pojęcie i znaczenie autonomii jednostki w międzynarodowym prawie biomedycznym. Zagadnienia wprowadzające i porządkujące ......... 23 1. Próba ustalenia zakresu pojęcia autonomii .......................................................... 23 1.1. Podstawy filozoficzne................................................................................... 23 1.2. W poszukiwaniu prawnego rozumienia autonomii ...................................... 30 2. Pojęcie i zakres międzynarodowego prawa biomedycznego ............................... 34 2.1. Uwagi wprowadzające ................................................................................. 34 2.2. Europejskie prawo biomedyczne jako szczególna składowa międzynarodo- wego prawa biomedycznego ........................................................................ 52 2.3. Aksjologia międzynarodowego prawa biomedycznego............................... 64 2.4. Zakres podmiotowy i przedmiotowy międzynarodowego prawa biome- dycznego ...................................................................................................... 70 2.5. Charakter prawny źródeł międzynarodowego prawa biomedycznego ........ 71 2.5.1. Systematyka źródeł prawa międzynarodowego ................................ 71 2.5.2. Tradycyjne źródła prawa międzynarodowego w odniesieniu do pra- wa biomedycznego ........................................................................... 72 2.5.3. Prawo miękkie (soft law) w katalogu źródeł międzynarodowego prawa biomedycznego ...................................................................... 82 3. Status jednostki w międzynarodowym prawie biomedycznym ........................... 95 3.1. Jednostka w prawie międzynarodowym ...................................................... 95 3.2. Jednostka w prawie biomedycznym............................................................. 99 4. Paternalizm i autonomia w prawie biomedycznym ............................................. 102 5. Podsumowanie ..................................................................................................... 110 Rozdział II. Zasada autonomii pacjenta a prawa i wolności jednostki wobec zastosowań biologii i medycyny .............................................................. 115 1. Prawa i wolności o charakterze ogólnym ............................................................ 115 1.1. Prawo do poszanowania godności ............................................................... 115 1.2. Prawo do życia ............................................................................................. 122 1.3. Wolność od nieludzkiego i poniżającego traktowania oraz tortur ............... 139 1.4. Prawo do prywatności .................................................................................. 150 1.4.1. Prawo do prywatności a decydowanie o zakończeniu życia ............ 151 1.4.2. Prawo do prywatności a oświadczenia pro futuro ............................ 162 1.4.3. Prawo do prywatności a prawa prokreacyjne ................................... 166 1.4.4. Prawo do prywatności a ochrona danych medycznych .................... 178 1.5. Zakaz dyskryminacji .................................................................................... 180 Spis treści 2. Prawa bezpośrednio związane z medycyną ......................................................... 186 2.1. Zakaz eksperymentowania na człowieku bez jego zgody ............................ 186 2.2. Zakaz eugeniki ............................................................................................. 187 2.3. Zakaz klonowania reprodukcyjnego ............................................................ 191 2.4. Zakaz czynienia zysku z ciała ludzkiego ..................................................... 197 3. Podsumowanie ..................................................................................................... 200 Rozdział III. Świadoma zgoda jako warunek i narzędzie realizacji au- tonomii pacjenta ......................................................................................................... 205 1. Pojęcie, geneza i znaczenie świadomej zgody ..................................................... 205 1.1. Zaufanie pacjenta do lekarza jako podstawa udzielenia zgody ................... 205 1.2. Świadoma zgoda w perspektywie międzynarodowej .................................. 208 2. Prawo do wyrażenia zgody .................................................................................. 229 2.1. Zakres przedmiotowy zgody ........................................................................ 229 2.2. Prawo do informacji jako warunek zgody ................................................... 231 2.3. Zakres podmiotowy zgody ........................................................................... 240 2.3.1. Zgoda własna .................................................................................... 240 2.3.2. Zgoda zastępcza ................................................................................ 243 2.3.3. Zgoda równoległa (kumulatywna) .................................................... 246 3. Prawo do odmowy zgody ..................................................................................... 247 4. Dopuszczalność interwencji medycznej bez zgody pacjenta ............................... 250 5. Podsumowanie ..................................................................................................... 255 Rozdział IV. Prawne podstawy i przesłanki ograniczenia autonomii pa- cjenta ............................................................................................................................. 259 1. Derogacja i limitacja praw człowieka .................................................................. 259 2. Wolność badań naukowych .................................................................................. 265 3. Dobro i interes społeczeństwa (zdrowie publiczne, porządek i bezpieczeństwo publiczne) ............................................................................................................. 268 4. Autonomia lekarza ..............................................................................................
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