Philosophy and Practice of Bioethics Across and Between Cultures
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Philosophy and Practice of Bioethics across and between Cultures Editors: Takao Takahashi, Nader Ghotbi & Darryl R. J. Macer Eubios Ethics Institute 2019 ii Philosophy and Practice of Bioethics Across and Between Cultures Eubios Ethics Institute Christchurch Tsukuba Science City Bangkok Cataloging-in-Publication data Philosophy and Practice of Bioethics across and between Cultures / Takahashi, Takao / Ghotbi, Nader / Macer, Darryl R.J. Christchurch, N.Z.: Eubios Ethics Institute ©2019. Copyright © 2019 Eubios Ethics Institute All rights reserved. The copyright for the complete publication is held by the Eubios Ethics Institute. The material may be used in education provided the copies are provided free of charge. No part of this publication may be reproduced for commercial use, without the prior written permission of the Eubios Ethics Institute. http://www.eubios.info/ 1 v. 22 Chapters. ISBN 978-0-908897-33-9 1. Bioethics. 2. Medical ethics. 3. Ethics. 4. Peace. 5. Philosophy. 6. Justice. 7. Disaster. 8. Information technology ethics. 9. Japan. 10. Asian Studies. 2. I. Takahashi, Takao, 1948. II. Ghotbi, Nader, 1967. III. Macer, Darryl Raymund Johnson, 1962. IV. Eubios Ethics Institute. V. Title (Philosophy and Practice of Bioethics across and between Cultures). The Eubios Ethics Institute is a nonprofit group that aims to stimulate the discussion of ethical issues, and how we may use new technology in ways consistent with "good life". An important part of this dialogue is to function as an information source for those with similar concerns. Publications are available through the website www.eubios.info, and refer to the ordering guidelines in this book. The views expressed in this book do not necessarily represent the views of the Eubios Ethics Institute, nor the editors. Cover picture painted by Takao Takahashi Publisher’s Contact and Inquiries: [email protected] Philosophy and Practice of Bioethics Across and Between Cultures iii Table of Contents Preface v Takao Takahashi, Nader Ghotbi & Darryl Macer Disaster ethics in the age of co-disaster 1 Takao Takahashi Conflict transformation practice for Fukushima: The past encounters the future through a transformative tour to Minamata 11 Akiko Ishihara Justice as a moral virtue 28 Nader Ghotbi Equal dignity and social inclusion 43 Christopher Ryan B. Maboloc The distinctive features of Nishida’s and Tanabe’s ideas in the context of socio-historical dynamics 54 Makoto Ozaki Governance of common pool resources in Aso area 67 Kayo Uejima Environmental attitudes among students in a post Laudato Si paradigm: transferees vs continuing students in a catholic university in the Philippines 80 Chadwick Tan Animal rights and animal cloning 90 Aruna Sivakami Health care and health problems in Thailand 102 Chutatip Umavijani Revisiting parental rights and medical and judicial paternalism: the Charlie Gard dilemma 108 Marlon Patrick P. Lofredo Exploring a holistic peace model for a sustainable world 133 Juichiro Tanabe Systems thinking and constructivism: philosophical background of practical bioethics 148 Kwon Jong Yoo An ethical view on the clinical application of preimplantation genetic screening of embryos in Japan 158 Masayuki Kodama Circumcision in the Philippines and Kantian ethics 167 Allan Jay Natividad Quantified self and personal data protection: confronting the conflict between autonomy and technology-mediated health 175 Marlon Patrick P. Lofredo Is ethical hacking in conflict with data protection? Clarifying issues and resolving conflicts 194 Dennis L. Alfaro iv Philosophy and Practice of Bioethics Across and Between Cultures Technology security and the development and implementation of security policy at St. Paul University, Quezon City 202 Marites V. Fontanilla & Dennis Alfaro A basis for a code of ethics for ICT users from the implementation of ethical protocols and practices in using information and communications technology (ICT) 209 Marites V. Fontanilla Evolution of reflections on transdisciplinary bioethics in Asia 215 Darryl Macer A bioethical critique on the policy of Bangladesh over children with disability 225 A. S. M. Anwarullah Bhuiyan Ethical issues of end of life care in acute care hospitals in Japan 237 Hitomi Irizawa Philosophical Counselling: Indian Model 251 Sivanandam Panneerselvam Philosophy and Practice of Bioethics Across and Between Cultures v Preface This volume contains a collection of papers on the practice of bioethics. Most of the papers were presented in person at the Eleventh Kumamoto University Bioethics Roundtable: Philosophy and Practice of Bioethics Across and Between Cultures, held from 18-19 November 2017 in Kusunoki Kaikan, Kumamoto University, Japan. All the authors appreciate the thoughtful comments made by other participants at the Roundtable which helped improve their papers. This collection of papers is less than 10% of the precious work that has been stimulated by holding annual Bioethics Roundtables in Kumamoto over twelve years. Among the features of the roundtables has been diversity of the participants and the wide range of presentations made during each year. Over one hundred different presenters from over thirty countries have joined together in the formal sessions in Kusunoki Kaikan (Hall), as well as on Mount Aso, in Kumamoto castle, and around the city, to share something of their spirit and ideas. The roundtables varied from two to five working days in length, and were always held in plenary session. The beginning of the Roundtable is as follows: in autumn 2006 Professor Darryl Macer who visited Kumamoto University to teach the graduate students of Professor Takahashi, talked with Prof. Takahashi about the bioethics roundtables at Tsukuba University. After thinking for a while, Prof. Takahashi expressed his will to hold such a roundtable at Kumamoto University. A little amazed, Prof. Macer said “Really!? Do you want to hold it?” The answer was simply “Yes, I do.” Our common passion to learn from others has keep them going. They have been a stimulus for research in bioethics whether a scholar came once, or came regularly. Scholars maintained a high spirit and enthusiasm to share an opportunity to participate in this annual academic research activity that also stimulated the careers of students and researchers. The host of the roundtable was Prof. Takao Takahashi, who welcomed, and worked together, with Prof. Darryl Macer to continue the tradition of interactive international bioethics that had emerged during nine Tsukuba International Bioethics roundtables from 1992 to 2004. Thanks to the introduction to each other of a mutual mentor, Professor Ichiro Matsuda, and the fund raising of Prof. Takahashi, with the generous support of Kumamoto University, already in 2007, the first Kumamoto University Bioethics roundtable could be held. For the past five years the roundtable has been convened under the auspices of the HIGO program at Kumamoto University, and the current book is a celebration of all the work that was done over the years by many academics, researchers, students and all others interested in the bioethical progress of human societies all over the world. All the meetings have been open to the public in the spirit of open dialogue with participants from all sectors of society. Bioethics is the love of life and a beautiful transdisciplinary view of the world. One can be a scientist, a philosopher, a policymaker, an academic or a learner, but at the same time follow the intricate humane features that identify him/her as a real individual, a human being willing to discuss matters of life and death. Therefore, bioethics is more than an academic job; it is more of a truly colorful example of vi Philosophy and Practice of Bioethics Across and Between Cultures academic life. One can strive to be both a professional and a human in love with all life, the mystery of conscious existence and the struggle to lead everyone into a better life. Thus, a practitioner of bioethics can truly be in love with both his/her profession and the subjects of his/her study. Although bioethics is formally divided into three areas of medical ethics, environmental ethics, and the ethics of biotechnology, the actual number of jobs and professions influenced by its understanding is countless. The huge number of professional activities that are overshadowed by a bioethical understanding leads to an unlimited capacity to research and study, from uses of genetic engineering to policy-making in time of disaster, from conservation of biodiversity to ethical treatment of the refugees, and so on and so forth. The current collection has thus been prepared as an example of the many years of research work, preparation and presentation of a diverse set of academic studies dealing with the multifaceted issues in bioethics, organized and supported by Kumamoto University’s Roundtable of Bioethics. It cannot deliver all the work it helped present to the international community in 12 years, but it is a sample of how dynamic, innovative, interactive and genuine the whole series has been. The drafts of the presented papers have been formatted and copy-edited by three editors, and the suggested revisions have been reflected back to the original author for confirmation and final approval before taking them to the print. There is no doubt that some of the included material could still be improved but the authenticity and genuine lifeline of these papers is itself a proof to the beauty of the imperfect, which only adds value to what is more genuine rather than artificial,