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Abstracting Services in Medical Sciences 89 ABSTRACTING SERVICES IN MEDICAL SCIENCES A. NEELAMEGHAN Madras Medical College, Madras Analyses the list of medical journals given in the World 1. Incomplete c ove r ag'e of literature due to medical periodicals. The journals a.re examined on the a) critical selection of periodicals to be basis of subject, country of publication, scrutiny by ab- covered, stracting services, periodicity, etc. Percentages of un- abstracted journals are worked out. Indicates how the in- b) critical selection of articles to be in- dexing and abstracting services have not been able to achieve dexed, complete bibliographical control in the field of Medicine. c) certain unrepresented segment of lit- erature such as unpublished theses, reports, trade literature, medical school bulletins, et c. , and d) multiplicity of languages in which the original articles are published. o INTRODUCTION 2. Duplication due to lac k of cooperation The tremendous advances in the field of among the services. medical sciences which we are witnessing in the present century has, at least partly, been 3, Time lag of anything from 4 months to made possible by the great improvements in two or three years from the first appear- the methods of assembly, organization and dis- ance of an article to the publication of its semination of the accumulating medical litera- abstract. ture. However, with all the indexing and ab- stracting services we have not as yet achieved 4. Need for an efficient system of subject complete bibliographical control of the field. classification, standardized indexing and An endless tide of information in the shape of citation procedure s. books, theses, journal articles, trade litera- ture, etc., is battering in with almost uncon- 5, Difficulties in getting the original arti- trollable rapidity. The number of services for cles quoted in the abstracts. the bibliographic control of scientific literature is increasing year after year. One sometimes feels that there are too many such services in Some of the above points are discussed and the field without any great advantage, The in- illustrated in a comparison of two abstracting adequacies of existing services may be summa- services for surgical literature in the Journal rized as: of documentation, December 1954, pp, 193-200, Sep 1955 V 2 N 3 89 NEELAMEGHAN 1 WORLD MEDICAL PERIODICALS Certain of the services under consideration, e. g. Tropical Diseases Bulletin, Nutrition Ab- The study of abstracting services presented stracts, Chemical Abstracts, etc., are limited in this paper is based on the information given to certain subjects and this, to some extent, in World Medical Periodicals, compiled by would also limit the number of journals scrutin- L. T. Morton, and published by WHO/UNESCO, ized and als 0 the type of journals and articles 1953. It is quite certain that the four thousand abstracted by them. and odd journals listed do not exhaust all the tiles in the field. For instance, for India the list gives 47 currently published titles while there are over a hundred titles current in India 3 ANALYSIS now; the German publication Periodica Medi<;:J!:, 1952, lists some 12,000 titles including reports and other types of serials in the medical field. However, the world list may be taken to in- 31 By Agency clude all the important medical journals upto 1950, and the figure is quite impressive when we consider the fact that the ten abstracting ser- Table I gives the number of journals scrutin- vices discussed put together do not cover over ized by each of the agencies all by themselves, a thousand of the titles. "The list includes ti- in other w or ds the area in which there is no du- tles of all current medical periodicals which plication. This gives a total of 650 journals. have been traced, all medico-biological period- From Tables I and III it could be inferred that icals regularly surveyed by certain abstracting of the 3,516 currently published journals about agencies, as well as well known medical jour- 30 per cent is not covered by the ten services, nals which ceased publication during the period while over 50 per cent is scrutinized by more 1900-1950" - Preface. than one of the services. 2 ABSTRACTING SERVICES The abstracting services considered are: TABLE I 1. American Medical Association (AMA); 2. Abstracts of World Medicine; Abstracts of Abstracting Service Number of World Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology journals (AWM); 3. Biological Abstracts (BI); 4. Bul- scrutinized letin de l'Institut Pasteur (BIP); 5. British Ab- by the ser- stracts AlII (BR); 6. Bureau of Hygiene (Bul- vice only letin of Hygiene, and Tropical Diseases Bulletin (BU); 7. Chemical Abstracts (CA); 8. Excerpta American Medical Association (AMA) 144 Medica (EM); 9. Nutrition Abstracts (N); 10. Abstracts of World Medicine; Ab- Semaine des Hopitaux (SH). stracts of World Surgery, obstet- rics & Gynaecology (AWM) 152 It may be noted that the once separate pub- Biological Abstracts (BI) 22 lications Abstracts of World Medicine and Ab- Bulletin de L'lnstitut Pasteur (BIP) 9 strac.!..s._()LWo:r!~$_u..!gery, Obstetrics and Gyn- British Abstracts AlII (BR) 5 aecology have since 1952 merged under one Bureau of Hygiene. Bulletin of Hy- title Abstracts of World Medicin~. Also, Brit- giene; Tropical Diseases Bulletin ish Abstracts AliI, published by the Bureau of (BU) 6 Abstracts has now the new title Brjtish Ab- Chemical Abstracts (CA) 133 ill.a.cts of Medical Sciences (1954-). Excerpta Medica (EM) 146 Nutrition P. bstracts (N) 5 The geographical distribution of the location Semaine des Hopitaux (SH) 28 of the abstracting services noted above is: Great Britain 4, U.S.A. 3, France 2, Nether- 650 lands 1. 90 An lib sc ABSTRAC TING SERVICES IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 32 By Place of Publication China 54 46 Colombia 37 24 Analysis by place of publication of the jour- Costa Rica 5 3 nals is presented in Table II. It gives in alpha- Cuba 76 40 betic order names of 89 countries from which Cyprus 1 the journals emanate. number of journals cur- Czechoslovakia 36 12 rently published in each of those countries. and Denmark 25 2 the number not scrutinized by any of the above Dominican abstracting services as indicated in World Med- Republic 8 6 ical Periodicals. A grouping of the journals by Equador 18 15 larger geographical areas as presented in Table Egypt 8 3 III is perhaps more informative. The geograph- Eritrea 1 ical regions are Europe. Africa. Asia. Latin Esthonia 1 America. U. S. A. and Canada. Australia and Finland 12 2 New Zealand. Of the 1.630 journals currently France 231 24 published in Europe about 19 per cent are not French Equator- scrutinized; in Asia 54.6 per cent of her 272 ial Africa 1 1 journals are unabstracted; in Latin Arnerica French West the percentage of unabstracted journals is 54.8 Africa 1 out of the 912 published journals; of the North Germany 187 39 American journals 13.6 per cent is not covered; Greece 24 16 for United States alone about one-eight the to- Guatemala 5 4 tal number of periodicals published are not scru- Haiti 4 3 tinized. and many of these are local society or Honduras 3 3 medical department publications. Of the 38 Hongkong 2 1 journals of Africa 5 are not covered while 18.2 Hungary 29 '7 per cent of the 22 journals from Australia/New Iceland 1 Zealand are not scrutinized. For the whole India 47 9 world the figures are 1062 or 30.2 per cent of Indonesia 4 1 the 3.516 journals currently published are not Iraq 1 covered by the agencies under discussion. Ireland 5 Israel 8 3 TABLE II Italy 267 25 Jamaica 2 1 Japan 124 Country of Number cur- Number not 89 Kenya 1 Publication rently pub- abstracted Korea 1 lished Lebanon 4 Albania 1 1 Lybia 1 Algeria 7 1 Lithuania 1 Argentina 207 94 Luxembourg 1 1 Australia 19 3 Malaya. F. M. S. 4 1 Austria 31 7 Mexico 91 53 Azerbaijan 1 1 Morocco 2 Belgian Congo 1 Netherlands 60 9 Belgium 64 15 New Zealand 3 1 Bolivia 17 16 Nicaragua 5 5 Brazil 212 105 Norway 9 2 British Guina 1 Pakistan 2 Bulgaria 14 8 Panama 3 1 Canada 48 11 Paraguay 8 6 Ceylon 3 Persia 3 2 Chile 68 40 Peru 37 13 Sep 1955 V 2 N 3 91 NEELAMEGHAN Philippine s 10 2 Journals from Asia and Latin America seem Poland 46 18 to fare worst. In Asia, however, the high per- Portugal 44 10 centage of unabstracted journals is mainly due Rumania 17 6 to the high percentage of unabstracted journals Salvador (El) 9 7 of China and Japan (85/'0 and 66. 4% r e epect ive'ly ), South Africa, Many of these journals from these countries Union of 12 contain articles in the national languages and Spain 99 19 this may be one of the reasons for the highper- Sweden 42 9 centage of unscrutinized journals coming from Switzerland 87 14 there. That language may be one of the rea- Thainland 5 4 sons for non sc.rutiny of journals by abstracting Trieste 1 services is also borne out by the Greek j our , Trinidad & nals. Many of the journals from Greece contain Tobago 1 articles in Greek and the percentage of unab- Tunisia 3 1 stracted journals for the country is as high as Turkey 28 9 66.7. On the other hand, from India almost all U.S.S.R. 47 10 scientific writing is in English and the pe:r:cent- Ukraine 10 3 age of unabstracted journals is only 19.
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