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WBHR 2015 1 (PDF / New Window) Department of Historical Sciences Department of History Faculty of Philosophy and Arts Faculty of Humanities University of West Bohemia in Pilsen University of Hamburg Tylova 18 Von-Melle-Park 6 301 25 Pilsen D-20146 Hamburg Czech Republic Federal Republic of Germany West Bohemian Historical Review 01|2015 Department of Historical Sciences Department of History Faculty of Philosophy and Arts Faculty of Humanities University of West Bohemia in Pilsen University of Hamburg Tylova 18 Von-Melle-Park 6 301 25 Pilsen D-20146 Hamburg Czech Republic Federal Republic of Germany Editors-in-Chief: Lukáš Novotný, Gabriele Clemens Redaction: Roman Kodet, Lukáš Novotný The journal is abstracted in The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (CEJSH) Magazineʼs title abbreviation: WBHR ISSN 1804-5480 MK ČRE 19550 Editorial board: Stanislav Balik (Faculty of Law, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic) Ivo Budil (Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic) Gabriele Clemens (Faculty of Social Sciences, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany) Anselm Doering-Manteuffel (Faculty of Humanities, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany) Ewald Frie (Faculty of Humanities, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany) Radek Fukala (Faculty of Philosophy, J. E. Purkyně University, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic) Frank Golczewski (Faculty of Social Sciences, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany) László Gulyás (Institute of Economy and Rural Development, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary) Arno Herzig (Faculty of Social Sciences, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany) Hermann Joseph Hiery (Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany) Václav Horčička (Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic) Ivan Jakubec (Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic) Drahomír Jančík (Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic) Zdeněk Jirásek (Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Silesian University, Opava, Czech Republic) Dušan Kováč (Institute of History, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia) Richard Lein (Institute for History, University of Graz, Graz, Austria) Hermann Mückler (Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria) Martin Nejedlý (Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic) Lukáš Novotný (Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic) Monica Rüthers (Faculty of Social Sciences, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany) Aleš Skřivan, Jr. (Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen / Faculty of Economics, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic) Aleš Skřivan, Sr. (Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen / Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic) Arnold Suppan (former Vicepresident of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria) Miroslav Šedivý (Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic) Andrej Tóth (Faculty of Economics, University of Economics, Prague / Faculty of Philosophy, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic) László T. Vizi (Kodolányi János University of Applied Sciences, Székesfehérvár, Hungary) Marija Wakounig (Faculty of Historical and Cultural Studies, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria) Jan Županič (Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic) contents studies Ivo Budil Clémence-Auguste Royer and the Rise of Aryan Ideology 15 Pál Koudela Civic Gentry in Sáros County in the 19th Century. The History of Hazslinyszky Family, Part I 29 Petra Hamerli The Hungarian-Italian Support of the Croatian Separatism between 1928 and 1934 51 István Janek The Mediating Activity of János Esterházy between the Governments of Slovakia and Hungary in 1939–1942 with Specific Regard to the Jewish Question 71 Klára Fabianková The System of the Nazi Occupation Policy in the Soviet Territory as the Factor of Economic Gains? 101 Irén Simándi The Tragedy of Prime Minister Imre Nagy and the Radio Free Europe – 1956–1958 115 Artúr Lakatos Romania and the “Western” World: a Brief Overview of Romanian Foreign Policy, 1990–2012 127 discussion Iryna Butyrska State Influence on Social Policy, Partnership and Responsible Business Development in the EU Countries 153 Csaba Máté Sarnyai – Tibor Pap Individual, Community, Identity 167 reviews Pavel MÜCKE, Místa paměti druhé světové války. Svět vojáků československého zahraničního odboje, Praha: Karolinum 2014, ISBN 978-80-246-2563-8, 284 pages. 179 Jan KOURA, Zápas o východní Středomoří. Zahraniční politika Spojených států amerických vůči Řecku a Turecku v letech 1945–1953, Praha: Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy 2013, ISBN 978-80-7308-468-4, 250 pages. 183 Authors/Authoren Ivo Budil (University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic) Pál Koudela (Kodolányi János University of Applied Sciences, Székesfehérvár, Hungary) Petra Hamerli (University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy) István Janek (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary) Klára Fabianková (University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic) Irén Simándi (Kodolányi János University of Applied Sciences, Székesfehérvár, Hungary) Artúr Lakatos (Romanian Academy of Sciences, Romania) Iryna Butyrska (National University of Trade and Economics, Chernivtsi, Ukraine) Csaba Máté Sarnyai (Károli Gáspár University, Budapest, Hungary) Tibor Pap (University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary) studies wbhr 01|2015 Clémence-Auguste Royer and the Rise of Aryan Ideology1 IVO BUDIL Department of Historical Sciences, Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen Tylova 18, 301 24, Plzeň, Czech Republic [email protected] The relationships between social Darwinism, eugenics movement and Nazi ideology presents a highly discussed and controversial issue. Many representatives of social Darwinism, especially in Germany, France and United Kingdom, have been mentioned in this regard and their alleged contribution to the radicalization of the Western political culture have been critically analyzed. Surprisingly, the role of French writer Clémence-Auguste Royer2 to this process of transformation of scientific idiom into ideological discourse has been so far relatively neglected.3 Mike Hawkins in his comprehensive survey of the rise and development of the social Darwinism appreciated and highlighted Clémence-Auguste Royer as a creative and influential participant in the emergence of the above mentioned intellectual movement inspired by ideas of Charles Darwin, Arthur Russel Wallace, Herbert Spencer and Thomas Robert Malthus.4 In my own approach and critical analysis I would like to 1 The article constitutes a part of solution of the project SGS 2014-006 of the Faculty of Philosophy and Arts of the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen. 2 L. CLARK, Social Darwinism in France, in: The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 53, No. 1, 1981, pp. 25–43; G. FRAISSE, Clémence Royer: philosophe et femme de science, Paris 1985; J. HARVEY, Almost a Man of Genius: Clémence Royer, Feminism and Nineteenth- century Science, New Brunswick 1997; J. HARVEY, A Focal Point for Feminism, Politics, and Science in France: The Clémence Royer Centennial Celebration of 1930, in: Osiris, Vol. 14, 1999, pp. 86–101; M. HAWKINS, Social Darwinism in European and American Thought 1860–1945. Nature as Model and Nature as Threat, Cambridge 1997, pp. 124–132. 3 Royer’s contemporaries did not seem to appreciate her contribution to the formation of social Darwinism. Clémence-Auguste Royer was not even mentioned in the comprehensive critical survey of social Darwinism published in 1910 by Jacques Novicow (J. NOVICOW, La Critique du Darwinisme Social, Paris 1910). 4 HAWKINS, pp. 80–81. 15 Ivo Budil Clémence-Auguste Royer and the Rise of Aryan Ideology evaluate the pioneering contribution of Clémence-Auguste Royer to the Darwinian interpretation of the Aryan ideology which subsequently played an important role in the radicalization of the Western political culture. Charles Darwin sought for obvious reasons of prestige a possibility to translate his major work the Origin of Species published in 1859 into French. He turned to an Irish writer and translator Louise Belloc, born Swanton (1796–1881), who married a French painter Jean-Hilaire Belloc (1786–1866) and lived with him in France. Her grandson became a famous writer Hilaire Belloc (1870–1953). However, Louise Belloc rejected the Darwin’s offer. Finally, in September 1861, Charles Darwin asked his publisher John Murray to send the book the Origin of Species to Clémence-Auguste Royer in Lausanne. René Édouard Claparède, a natural scientist and a lecturer at the University of Geneva, should have acted as a professional advisor. * Clémence-Auguste Royer was born on 21 April 1830 in Nantes, Brittany, in a profoundly religious and royalist family. Her father, Augustin-René Royer, was a legitimist army captain from Le Mans. Royer’s grandfather fought with a distinction in the Napoleonic wars as a naval captain.5 Augustin-René Royer participated in an unsuccessful attempt to restore the Bourbons to the French throne in 1832. Therefore, the family had to flee to Switzerland, where it spent four years. After returning to France Royer was raised in the Convent of Sacré Coeur in Le Mans, probably to have been destined for a religious life. Since thirteen years she lived with her parents in Paris. The father left the family and went back to Brittany (where he died in
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