DOCSLIB.ORG

INTRODUCTION Aglaia Lour. Is the Largest Genus in the Family

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
INTRODUCTION Aglaia Lour. Is the Largest Genus in the Family THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 43: 87–103. 2015. Wood anatomical survey and wood specifi c gravity of 13 species of Aglaia (Meliaceae) from Thailand SUTTHIRATANA KHAOPAKRO1,2*, SRUNYA VAJRODAYA3, SOMKID SIRIPATANADILOK4 & PRASART KERMANEE3 ABSTRACT. The wood anatomical features of 13 species of Aglaia from Thailand were studied and described to aid microscopic wood identifi cation. Diagnostic features include the width of multiseriate rays, crystals, the type of paratracheal parenchyma and ray cell composition. Wood specifi c gravity was studied in relationship with the wood anatomy. Our results showed a high negative correlation between wood specifi c gravity and fi bre lumen diameter, but no signifi cant relationships between wood specifi c gravity and features of rays and axial parenchyma. KEY WORDS: Aglaia, anatomy, Meliaceae, wood, wood specifi c gravity. INTRODUCTION is often used as a mahogany substitute (Lemmens et al., 1995; Mabberley et al., 1995; White & Aglaia Lour. is the largest genus in the family Gasson, 2008). Meliaceae and consists of about 120 species (Muellner et al., 2008). In Thailand, it is represented Several authors have described the wood anat- by 32 species (Wongprasert et al., 2011). Aglaia omy of many genera of Meliaceae. Their results constitutes a medium-sized woody genus, distributed showed great differences in wood structures within mainly in the tropical forests of the Indo-malesian these genera (Kribs, 1930; Panshin, 1933; Metcalfe region (Pannell, 1992; Muellner et al., 2005). & Chalk, 1950; Desch, 1954; Ghosh et al., 1963; Pennington & Styles, 1975; Wong, 1975; Datta & Aglaia has received increasing scientifi c Samanta, 1983; Lemmens et al.,1995; Negi et al., attention because of its bioactive potential. A group 2003). The web-database InsideWood (2004 onwards; of cyclopenta[b]benzofurans from Aglaia were see also Wheeler, 2011) has summarized compre- shown to have potential as anticancer drugs and as hensive wood anatomical information on numerous insecticides (Ishibashi et al., 1993; Janprasert et al., Aglaia species. Moll & Janssonius (1908) showed 1993; Satasook et al., 1994; Nugroho et al., 1997a, that variation within species often exceeds that b; Brader et al., 1998; Bacher et al., 1999; Nugroho between species, especially in Aglaia. In 2008, White et al., 1999; Dreyer et al., 2001; Greger et al., & Gasson (2008) provided detailed descriptions of 2001; Kim et al., 2006) as well as cytotoxic (King 18 genera of mahogany timbers in the family et al., 1982; Cui et al., 1997; Wu et al., 1997) and Meliaceae. In Thailand, Chunwarin and Sriaran antifungal compounds (Engelmeier et al., 2000). (1973) presented the details of the wood anatomy The timber of Aglaia is used for construction work, of 11 species of Meliaceae. Saentrong (1990) furniture and fl ooring; especially A. argentea Blume 1 Bioscience Program, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand . 2 Narathiwat Agricultural & Technology College, Princess of Naradhiwas University, 102 Moo 5 Tambon Tanyong Limor, Ra-ngae, Narathiwat 96130, Thailand. 3 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 4 Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. * Email: [email protected] SW 8736-p087-103-G8.indd 87 12/1/58 BE 10:00 PM 88 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 43 described the anatomical characters of roots, stems, Samples were softened in boiling water for 1 h, leaves, fl owers, fruit, and seeds of Melia azedarach L. then sectioned with a sliding microtome at 10–20 and M. dubia Cav. However, the wood anatomical μm thickness along the transverse, tangential, and data of Aglaia are mostly confi ned to a few species, radial plains. Samples were stained with safranin and usually scattered over limited papers and some (safranin 2%, water soluble) and dehydrated using books or atlases on wood anatomy for restricted an ethanol dehydration series through absolute geographical regions. ethanol, transferred to xylene and embeddedd in Physical properties are the quantitative char- Permount (Biomeda, Burlingame, California, USA). acteristics of wood and their behaviour to external To determine the fi bre size and length, the wood infl uences other than applied forces such as directional tissues were macerated using Franklin’s technique properties, moisture content, dimensional stability, (Franklin, 1937). All the microscopic slides were thermal and pyrolytic (fi re) properties, density and stored at the herbarium of Science and Technology electrical comical and decay resistance. Included Department, Princess of Naradhiwas University here is specifi c gravity. Familiarity with the physical (STPNU). Sections were observed using light properties of wood is important to know the per- microscope and compound microscope (Zeiss formance and strength of wood used in structural Axios and Zeiss Axios digital camera eyepiece, applications. Specifi c gravity provides a relative Leica DMRBE Microscope and Leica DFC 420C measure of the amount of wood substance contained digital camera). The terminology, defi nition, and in a unit volume of wood. It is calculated by dividing measurements of quantitative features mainly follow the ovendry weight by the green volume measured the IAWA standard list (IAWA Committee, 1989). by water displacement. The generated data were exported to a Microsoft This paper focuses on the anatomy of the sec- Excel spreadsheet. The basic standard statistics ondary xylem and some properties of Aglaia from were evaluated including the average and standard Thailand. All detailed wood anatomical accounts deviation, the range and number of observations in the literature have been summarized, using for specifi c gravity and anatomical characters. The IAWA Hardwood List codes (IAWA Committee, values reported are averages. In this study the 1989) in the webdatabase InsideWood (2004 and diversity in various wood anatomical characters onwards; Wheeler, 2011). were analysed in order to search for any relation between wood anatomical characters and wood specifi c gravity. The wood anatomical characters MATERIALS AND METHODS analysed were wood specifi c gravity, vessel grouping The wood anatomy of 13 species of Aglaia index, solitary vessel index, vessel density, fraction was investigated. Nine species of Aglaia were col- of vessel area per total area, vessel diameter, vessel lected in natural sites from Nakhon Ratchasima, element length, hydraulic diameter, intervessel pit Narathiwat, Phangnga and Trat provinces, Thailand, diameter, fi bre diameter, fi bre lumen diameter, by the fi rst author and anatomical vouchers are fi bre length, fi bre wall thickness, the ratio of fi bre housed in the herbarium of Science and Technology lumen diameter to fi bre wall thickness, ray frequency, Department, Princess of Naradhiwas University fraction of ray area per total area, uniserate ray (STPNU). Usually stem disks, over 5 cm in diameter, width, multiseriate ray width, uniserate ray height were collected from felled trees. In some cases and multiseriate ray height. Pearson’s correlation where trees had to be conserved thick branches analyses were used to explore relationships between (diameter 4.5–6.5 cm) were sampled. In addition, wood anatomical variables and wood specifi c four species were represented by samples from the gravity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used xylarium of the Offi ce of Forest Management and to calculate the signifi cance levels of the correlations Forest Production Research, Bangkok, Thailand between wood anatomical characters and wood (FMFPR) (Table 1). specifi c gravity. All samples were stored in the laboratory in air-dried condition until wood density determination. SW 8736-p087-103-G8.indd 88 12/1/58 BE 10:00 PM SW 8736-p087-103-G8.indd 89 Table 1. Samples of Aglaia, location and diameter of sampes at each site in Thailand. W OOD ANATOMICAL SURVEY AND WOOD SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF GRAVITY SPECIFIC WOOD AND SURVEY ANATOMICAL OOD Scientifi c name Sample Latitude Longitude Diameter Province Origin Collector (number of specimen studied) no. WGS84 WGS84 (cm) A. crassinervia Kurz ex Hiern (1) Phangnga STPNU 063 S. Khaopakro 98.470583 8.994028 7.2 ( S. KHAOPAKRO, S. VAJRODAYA, S. SIRIPATANADILOK & P. KERMANEE P. & SIRIPATANADILOK S. VAJRODAYA, S. KHAOPAKRO, S. A. cucullata (Roxb.) Pellegr. (1) Xylarium FMFPR 3370 Unknown - - - A. elaeagnoidea Benth. (1) Trat STPNU 024 S. Khaopakro 102.675222 12.399167 19.0 A. elliptica Blume (1) Narathiwat STPNU 015 S. Khaopakro 101.628361 6.615139 4.5 A. forbesii King (1) Narathiwat STPNU 013 S. Khaopakro 101.628361 6.615139 5.0 A. grandis Korth. (1) Trat STPNU 022 S. Khaopakro 102.669167 12.389889 15.0 A. lawii (Wight) C.J.Saldanha Xylarium FMFPR 3287 Unknown - - - A. leptantha Miq. (1) Trat STPNU 021 S. Khaopakro 102.669083 12.389833 29.7 13 SPECIES OF AGLAIA AGLAIA OF SPECIES A. oligophylla Miq. (1) Nakhon Ratchasima STPNU 036 S. Khaopakro 101.845278 14.4425 13.7 A. silvestris (M.Roem.) Merr. (1) Xylarium FMFPR 3308 Unknown - - - A. spectabilis (Miq.) S.S.Jain & Trat STPNU 023 S. Khaopakro 102.669167 12.389889 32.5 Bennet (1) ( MELIACEAE A. spectabilis (Miq.) S.S.Jain & Nakhon Ratchasima STPNU 032 S. Khaopakro 101.845278 14.4425 30.0 Bennet (1) ) ) A. tenuicaulis Hiern(1) Narathiwat STPNU 016 S. Khaopakro 101.837194 5.794167 5.0 THAILAND FROM A. tomentosa Teijsm. & Binn. (1) Xylarium FMFPR 1402 Unknown - - - Note: Origin: STPNU = herbarium of Science and Technology Department, Princess of Naradhiwas 12/1/58 BE10:00 PM University
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fl. China 11: 121–124. 2008. 11. AGLAIA Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1
    Fl. China 11: 121–124. 2008. 11. AGLAIA Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 98, 173. 1790, nom. cons., not F. Allamand (1770). 米仔兰属 mi zi lan shu Peng Hua (彭华); Caroline M. Pannell Trees or shrubs, dioecious, young parts usually lepidote or stellately pubescent. Leaves alternate to subopposite, odd-pinnate, 3- foliolate, or rarely simple; leaflet blade margins entire. Flowers in axillary thyrses, small, usually globose. Calyx slightly or deeply 3– 5-lobed. Petals 3–5, short, concave, quincuncial or imbricate in bud, distinct or rarely basally connate and adnate to staminal tube. Stamens as many as or more than petals; staminal tube usually subglobose, obovoid, or cup-shaped with apex incurved, apical margin entire, crenate, or shallowly lobed; anthers 5 or 6(–12), included, slightly exserted, or rarely semiexserted. Disk absent. Ovary 1–3(or 4)-locular, with 1 or 2 ovules per locule; style short or absent; stigma ovoid or shortly cylindric. Fruit with fibrous pericarp, indehiscent with 1 or 2 locules or loculicidally dehiscent with 3 locules; locules without seeds or each containing 1 seed; pericarp often containing latex. Seeds usually surrounded by a colloidal and fleshy aril; endosperm absent. About 120 species: tropical and subtropical Asia, tropical Australia, Pacific islands; eight species in China. Aglaia is the only source of the group of about 50 known representatives of compounds that bear a unique cyclopenta[b]tetrahydrobenzofuran skeleton. These compounds are more commonly called rocaglate or rocaglamide derivatives, or flavaglines, and have been found to have anticancer and pesticidal properties. Since the first representative in this group was only discovered in 1982, this is one of the few recent examples of a completely new class of plant secondary metabolites of biological promise (see B.
    [Show full text]
  • Silvestrol Induces Early Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Melanoma Cells Wei-Lun Chen1, Li Pan2, A
    Chen et al. BMC Cancer (2016) 16:17 DOI 10.1186/s12885-015-1988-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Silvestrol induces early autophagy and apoptosis in human melanoma cells Wei-Lun Chen1, Li Pan2, A. Douglas Kinghorn2, Steven M. Swanson1,3 and Joanna E. Burdette1* Abstract Background: Silvestrol is a cyclopenta[b]benzofuran that was isolated from the fruits and twigs of Aglaia foveolata, a plant indigenous to Borneo in Southeast Asia. The purpose of the current study was to determine if inhibition of protein synthesis caused by silvestrol triggers autophagy and apoptosis in cultured human cancer cells derived from solid tumors. Methods: In vitro cell viability, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, qPCR and immunoblot was used to study the mechanism of action of silvestrol in MDA-MB-435 melanoma cells. Results: By 24 h, a decrease in cyclin B and cyclin D expression was observed in silvestrol-treated cells relative to control. In addition, silvestrol blocked progression through the cell cycle at the G2-phase. In silvestrol-treated cells, DAPI staining of nuclear chromatin displayed nucleosomal fragments. Annexin V staining demonstrated an increase in apoptotic cells after silvestrol treatment. Silvestrol induced caspase-3 activation and apoptotic cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, both silvestrol and SAHA enhanced autophagosome formation in MDA-MB-435 cells. MDA-MB-435 cells responded to silvestrol treatment with accumulation of LC3-II and time-dependent p62 degradation. Bafilomycin A, an autophagy inhibitor, resulted in the accumulation of LC3 in cells treated with silvestrol. Silvestrol-mediated cell death was attenuated in ATG7-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking a functional autophagy protein.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxanomic Composition and Conservation Status of Plants in Imbak Canyon, Sabah, Malaysia
    Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 16: 79–100, 2019 ISSN 1823-3902 E-ISSN 2550-1909 Short Notes Taxanomic Composition and Conservation Status of Plants in Imbak Canyon, Sabah, Malaysia Elizabeth Pesiu1*, Reuben Nilus2, John Sugau2, Mohd. Aminur Faiz Suis2, Petrus Butin2, Postar Miun2, Lawrence Tingkoi2, Jabanus Miun2, Markus Gubilil2, Hardy Mangkawasa3, Richard Majapun2, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah1,4 1Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu 2Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia 3 Maliau Basin Conservation Area, Yayasan Sabah 4Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu *Corresponding authors: [email protected] Abstract A study of plant diversity and their conservation status was conducted in Batu Timbang, Imbak Canyon Conservation Area (ICCA), Sabah. The study aimed to document plant diversity and to identify interesting, endemic, rare and threatened plant species which were considered high conservation value species. A total of 413 species from 82 families were recorded from the study area of which 93 taxa were endemic to Borneo, including 10 endemic to Sabah. These high conservation value species are key conservation targets for any forested area such as ICCA. Proper knowledge of plant diversity and their conservation status is vital for the formulation of a forest management plan for the Batu Timbang area. Keywords: Vascular plant, floral diversity, endemic, endangered, Borneo Introduction The earth as it is today has a lot of important yet beneficial natural resources such as tropical forests. Tropical forests are one of the world’s richest ecosystems, providing a wide range of important natural resources comprising vital biotic and abiotic components (Darus, 1982).
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Composition of Plant Species in the Forest Over Limestone of Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape, Bohol, Philippines
    Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e55790 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e55790 Research Article Diversity and composition of plant species in the forest over limestone of Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape, Bohol, Philippines Wilbert A. Aureo‡,§, Tomas D. Reyes|, Francis Carlo U. Mutia§, Reizl P. Jose ‡,§, Mary Beth Sarnowski¶ ‡ Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bohol Island State University, Bohol, Philippines § Central Visayas Biodiversity Assessment and Conservation Program, Research and Development Office, Bohol Island State University, Bohol, Philippines | Institute of Renewable Natural Resources, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines ¶ United States Peace Corps Philippines, Diosdado Macapagal Blvd, Pasay, 1300, Metro Manila, Philippines Corresponding author: Wilbert A. Aureo ([email protected]) Academic editor: Anatoliy Khapugin Received: 24 Jun 2020 | Accepted: 25 Sep 2020 | Published: 29 Dec 2020 Citation: Aureo WA, Reyes TD, Mutia FCU, Jose RP, Sarnowski MB (2020) Diversity and composition of plant species in the forest over limestone of Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape, Bohol, Philippines. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e55790. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e55790 Abstract Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape (RSPL), considered the last frontier within the Central Visayas region, is an ideal location for flora and fauna research due to its rich biodiversity. This recent study was conducted to determine the plant species composition and diversity and to select priority areas for conservation to update management strategy. A field survey was carried out in fifteen (15) 20 m x 100 m nested plots established randomly in the forest over limestone of RSPL from July to October 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Honorary Editors: in 1962 a MSS. on the Indonesian Species of Lansium
    KEINWARDTIA HERBARIUM BOGORlENSE Published by Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Volume 7, Part 3, p.p. 221—282 (1966) Head: ANWARI DILMY, Dip. For., Lecturer in Botany. A MONOGRAPH OF AGLAIA, sect. LANSIUM Kosterm. (MELIACEAE) Staff: W. SOEGENG REKSODIHARDJO, Ph.D., Botanist. A. J. G. H. KOSTERMANS *) E. SOEPADMO, Ph.D., „ SUMMARY E. KUSWATA EAETAWINATA, B.SC, ASS. Botanist. 1. The history of the genus and the arguments for merging it with Aglaia,, are MIEN A. RIPAI, M.SC, ASS. Mycologist. expounded. DJAJA DJENBOEL SOEJARTO, M.SC, ASS. Botanist. 2. The section Lansium of Aglaia is characterized by simple hairs and contains 15 N. WlRAWAN, B.Sc, „ species. I. SOEJATMI, B.Sc, » 8. Aglaia kinabaluensis, A. intricatoreticulata, A. membrartacea and A. chartacea are new to science. 4. New combinations: Aglaia anamallayana, aquea, breviracemosa, dubia, koster- Honorary editors: mansii, pedicellata, sepalina. New names: A. steenisii (base: L. pedicellatum C. G. G. J. VAN STEENIS, D.SC, Flora Malesiana Kosterm.), A. pseudolansium (base: L.cinereum Hiern). Foundation. 5. The genus Reinwardtiodendron Koorders is merged with Aglaia (sect Lansium) ; A. J. G. H. KOSTERMANS, D.Sc, Forest Research new name: A. reinwardtiana (base R. celebicum Kds.). Institute. 6. Excluded are: Lansium decandrum Roxb. and L. hum.ile Hassk., which are referred to Aphanamixis (A. decandra and A. humile, comb, nov.). 7. Aglaia jdnowskyi Harms is referred to Amoora as A. janowskyi (Harms) Kosterm., comb. nov. 8. The three well-known, commercial fruit trees: Duku, Langsat and Pisitan are considered to represent three distict species. They have been treated exhaustively. 9. Melia parasitica Osbeck is referred to Dysoxylum as D.
    [Show full text]
  • New Cytotoxic Pregnane-Type Steroid from the Stem Bark of Aglaia Elliptica (Meliaceae)
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Rec. Nat. Prod. 12:2 (2018) 121-127 New Cytotoxic Pregnane-type Steroid from the Stem Bark of Aglaia elliptica (Meliaceae) Kindi Farabi 1, Desi Harneti 1, Nurlelasari 1, Rani Maharani 1, Ace Tatang Hidayat 1,2, Khalijah Awang 3, Unang Supratman 1,2,* and Yoshihito Shiono 4 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia 2Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Sumdeang, Indonesia 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia 4Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan (Received July 5, 2017; Revised September 13, 2017; Accepted September 13, 2017) Abstract: A new pregnane-type steroid, 2α-hydroxy-3α-methoxy-5α-pregnane (1), together with three known dammarane-type triterpenoid, 3β-acetyl-20S,24S-epoxy-25-hydroxydammarane (2), 20S,24S-epoxy-3α,25- dihydroxydammarane (3), and eichlerianic acid (4) have been isolated from the stem bark of Aglaia elliptica. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods including the 2D-NMR techniques. Compound 1-4 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against P-388 murine leukemia cells. Keywords: Pregnane-type steroid; Aglaia elliptica; cytotoxic activity; Meliaceae. © 2018 ACG Publications. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Aglaia is the largest genus belong to Meliaceae family contain about 150 species, and more than 65 species of them were grown in Indonesia [1,2]. Recently, Aglaia genus used traditionally for treatment some desease. In Thailand, A. odorata used for the treatment of traumatic injury, bruises, febrifuge, heart disease and toxin by causing vomiting [3] and the bark of A.
    [Show full text]
  • Phayre's Langur in Satchari National Park, Bangladesh
    10 Asian Primates Journal 9(1), 2021 STATUS OF PHAYRE’S LANGUR Trachypithecus phayrei IN SATCHARI NATIONAL PARK, BANGLADESH Hassan Al-Razi1 and Habibon Naher2* Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, 9-11 Chittaranjan Avenue, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.1Email: chayan1999@ yahoo.com, 2Email: [email protected]. *Corresponding author ABSTRACT We studied the population status of Phayre’s Langur in Satchari National Park, Bangladesh, and threats to this population, from January to December 2016. We recorded 23 individuals in three groups. Group size ranged from four to 12 (mean 7.7±4.0) individuals; all groups contained a single adult male, 1–4 females and 2–7 immature individuals (subadults, juveniles and infants). Habitat encroachment for expansion of lemon orchards by the Tipra ethnic community and habitat degradation due to logging and firewood collection are the main threats to the primates. Road mortality, electrocution and tourist activities were additional causes of stress and mortality. Participatory work and awareness programmes with the Tipra community or generation of alternative income sources may reduce the dependency of local people on forest resources. Strict implementation of the rules and regulations of the Bangladesh Wildlife (Security and Conservation) Act 2012 can limit habitat encroachment and illegal logging, which should help in the conservation of this species. Key Words: Group composition, habitat encroachment, Satchari National Park. INTRODUCTION Phayre’s Langur (Phayre’s Leaf Monkey, Spectacled (1986) recorded 15 Phayre’s Langur groups comprising Langur) Trachypithecus phayrei (Blyth) occurs in 205 individuals in the north-east and south-east of Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar (Bleisch et al., Bangladesh.
    [Show full text]
  • The Potential Risk of Tree Regeneration Failure in Species-Rich Taba Penanjung Lowland Rainforest, Bengkulu, Indonesia
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 19, Number 5, September 2018 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 1891-1901 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190541 The potential risk of tree regeneration failure in species-rich Taba Penanjung lowland rainforest, Bengkulu, Indonesia AGUS SUSATYA Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Bengkulu. Jl. WR Supratman, Kota Bengkulu 38371A, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Tel./fax. +62- 736-21170, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 28 May 2018. Revision accepted: 22 September 2018. Abstract. Susatya A. 2018. The potential risk of tree regeneration failure in species-rich Taba Penanjung lowland rainforest, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1891-1901. Tropical lowland rain forest is recognized by its high species richness with very few trees per species. It is also known for having tendency to outcrossing of its species with different floral sexualities, which requires the synchronization between flowering of its trees and the presence of pollinators. Such ecological attributes raise possible constraints for the forest trees to regenerate. The objective of the study was to assess the potential risk of failed regeneration for each tree species of the forest. Each of species with dbh of more than 5 cm in a one-ha plot was collected, identified, and its ecological criteria, including rarity, floral sexuality, seed size, and flowering phenology were determined. The potential risk of the failure of regeneration was calculated by summing all scores from Analytical Hierarchical Process of the criteria. The results indicated that the forest consisted of 118 species belonging to 69 genera and 37 families. Rare species accounted to 52.10% of the total species.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytotoxic Sesquiterpenoid from the Stembark of Aglaia Argentea
    Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment_______________________________Vol. 22(Special Issue II) August (2018) Res. J. Chem. Environ. Cytotoxic Sesquiterpenoid from the Stembark of Aglaia argentea (Meliaceae) Harneti Desi1, Farabi Kindi1, Nurlelasari1, Maharani Rani1, Supratman Unang1* and Shiono Yoshihito2 1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadajaran, Jatinangor 45363, INDONESIA 2. Department of Food, Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, JAPAN *[email protected] Abstract reducing fever and for treating contused wound, coughs and Aglaia argentea also known as langsat hutan in skin diaseases16-18. Previous phytochemical studies of A. Indonesia is a higher plant traditionally used for argentea have revealed the presence of compounds with moisturizing the lungs, reducing fever and treating cytotoxic activity including cycloartane-type triterpenoids against KB cells19 and 3,4-secoapotirucallane-type contused wound, coughs and skin diseases. The triterpenoids against KB cells20, but there are no reports of stembark of A. argentea was successively extracted sesquiterpenes of this species before. with methanol. The methanolic extract then partitioned by n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The n-hexane Herein we isolated, determined the chemical structure and extract was chromatographed over a vacuum-liquid tested at P388 murine leukemia cells of one sesquiterpenoid chromatographed (VLC) column packed with silica gel compound from n-hexane extract of A. argentea. 60 by gradient elution. Material and Methods The VLC fractions were repeatedly subjected to General: The IR spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer normal-phase column chromatography and spectrum-100 FT-IR in KBr. Mass spectra were obtained with a Synapt G2 mass spectrometer instrument.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioinsecticide Test of Crude Stem Bark Extracts of Some
    G.J.B.A.H.S.,Vol.2(3):28-31 (July – September, 2013) ISSN: 2319 – 5584 BIOINSECTICIDE TEST OF CRUDE STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF SOME MELIACEOUS PLANTS AGAINST SPODOPTERA LITURA Tukiran Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Surabaya Jl. Ketintang, Surabaya, 60231, East Java, Indonesia. Abstract In the study of screening for bioinsecticides from plants, the activity of the stem bark extracts of some Meliaceous plants growth in Indonesia, namely Aglaia odorata Lour, Aglaia odoratissima Blume, Aglaia elaeagnoidea A.Juss, Sandoricum koetjape Merr. and Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk.) M.Roem was investigated. Solvent residues of these stem bark of plants were obtained from different solvent extracts (hexane, chloroform and methanolic extracts). All extracts dissolved in distilled water and added tween 80 (a few drops) as emulsifying agent were separately tested at various concentration (mg/L) continuously for 1, 2 and 3 days on the third instar larvae of the armyworm, Spodoptera litura. The results indicated the presence of bioinsecticide effect which was maximum of Sandoricum koetjape. This plant extracts (hexane and methanolic extracts) gave enough sensitive effects to the third instar larvae with LC50s of 104.24 and 170.23 mg/L, respectively after 3 days of application. Meanwhile, other plant extracts showed much less sensitive and relatively insensitive after 3 days of application because their LC50 values were more than 200 and 1500 mg/L, respectively. Keywords: Bioinsecticide, Lethal Concentration (LC50), Meliaceae, Spodoptera litura. 1. Introduction Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous insect pest (Holloway, 1989). It is an indigenous pest of a variety of crops in South Asia and was found to cause more than 26-100% yield loss in groundnut (Dhir et al., 1992 as stated by Muthusamy et al., 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Rediscoveries, New Records, and the Floristic Value of the Nee Soon Freshwater Swamp Forest, Singapore
    Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 70 (Suppl. 1): 49–69. 2018 49 doi: 10.26492/gbs70(suppl.1).2018-04 Rediscoveries, new records, and the floristic value of the Nee Soon freshwater swamp forest, Singapore K.Y. Chong1, R.C.J. Lim1,2, J.W. Loh1, L. Neo1, W.W. Seah1,3, S.Y. Tan1 & H.T.W. Tan1 1Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore [email protected] 2Horticulture and Community Gardening Division, National Parks Board, 100K Pasir Panjang Road, 118526 Singapore 3Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569 Singapore ABSTRACT. The unique plant communities of the freshwater swamp forests of southern Johor (Malaysia) and Singapore attracted the attention of E.J.H. Corner, but there have been no comprehensive follow-up studies to his seminal work. Meanwhile, freshwater swamp forests in the region have been mostly lost to logging and in-filling for plantations or urban development. The Nee Soon catchment contains the last substantial tract of this forest type in Singapore. We collated the rediscoveries of vascular plant species presumed Nationally Extinct in the 2nd and latest edition of the Singapore Red Data Book, and new records for the Singapore vascular plant flora from the Nee Soon catchment, including those that we found and collected through the establishment and survey of 40 vegetation plots, each 20 × 20 m. We have identified 672 species from 117 families, of which 288 are trees from 60 families represented by at least one stem ≥ 5 cm DBH. The catchment is especially species rich and abundant in the Myristicaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • (22E, 24S)-24-Propylcholest-5En-3Α
    molbank Short Note (22E,24S)-24-Propylcholest-5en-3α-acetate: A New Steroid from the Stembark Aglaia angustifolia (Miq.) (Meliaceae) Ricson P. Hutagaol 1,2, Desi Harneti 2, Ace T. Hidayat 2,3, Nurlelasari Nurlelasari 2, Rani Maharani 2,3, Dewa Gede Katja 4, Unang Supratman 2,3,*, Khalijah Awang 5 and Yoshihito Shiono 6 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Nusa Bangsa University, Bogor 16166, West Java, Indonesia; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia; [email protected] (D.H.); [email protected] (A.T.H.); [email protected] (N.N.); [email protected] (R.M.) 3 Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia 4 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Kampus Bahu, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia; [email protected] 5 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia; [email protected] 6 Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +62-22-779-4391 Received: 18 December 2019; Accepted: 22 January 2020; Published: 28 January 2020 Abstract: A new propylcholesterol-type steroid, namely (22E,24S)-24-propylcholest-5en-3α-acetate (1), has been isolated from the stembark of Aglaia angustifolia (Miq.). The structure of 1 was determined on the basis of spectroscopic data including 1D- and 2D-NMR as well as high resolution mass spectroscopy analysis.
    [Show full text]