Pharmacy Practice in Developing Countries
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Pharmacy Practice in Developing Countries Achievements and Challenges Edited by Ahmed Ibrahim Fathelrahman Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim Albert I. Wertheimer AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, UK 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-12-801714-2 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/ Acquisition Editor: Kristine Jones Editorial Project Manager: Molly McLaughlin Production Project Manager: Karen East and Kirsty Halterman Designer: Greg Harris Typeset by TNQ Books and Journals www.tnq.co.in Dedication I dedicate this work to my big family, my mother Suad Eltohami, my wife Khadeja, and my children Huzaifa, Muaz, Ans, Sarrah, and Ibrahim, for their support and sacrifice and to the soul of my father Ibrahim Fathelrahman who left our life just one year ago. I dedicate this work to Mr. Mohamed Osman Ibrahim Altahir, my English teacher at Eldium secondary school, Khartoum (1983–1984), from whom I learned the basics of the English language. I also dedicate this work to all those who taught me the ABCs of pharmacy, those who supported and encouraged me throughout my life in the study of pharmacy, and those who played significant roles regarding my knowledge, skills, and professional orientation. Writing this book is not the outcome of the three years it took to be completed. It was enriched, inspired, and fueled by more than 20 years of exposure and learning from others. I specifically dedicate my work to those who occupy a special place in my heart: Professor Zedan Zeid Ibraheim (Egypt), Professor Atef Abdel-Monem (Egypt), Professor Ab Fatah Ab Rahman (Malaysia), Professor Rahmat Awang (Malaysia), Dr. Maizurah Omar (Malaysia), Professor Ron Borland (Australia), and Professor Mohamed Izham M. Ibrahim, who is a coeditor of this book. –Ahmed Fathelrahman This book is sincerely dedicated to my beloved wife, Norlela, who has made my writing of this book energizing; not to forget my six lovely children, Syazwan, Fatin, Daniel, Najihah, Imran, and Aiman, as well as my compassionate parents. All of them have been my inspiration and an ongoing motivation in life and I truly hope that one day they can understand the reason behind the countless hours spent in front of my computer. Dedication I would also like to devote this book to the neglected population worldwide, with high aspiration that pharmacists around the world will continue to serve them better. Thank you to the health care environment, which has encouraged me to continue writing for the past 20 years. Last, it was indeed a pleasure to be working since 1995 alongside my professor, Albert I. Wertheimer, especially on this book. –Mohamed Izham MI To Joaquima with thanks for permitting me the time to work on the book and spend less time with the family. I hope the final product makes that seem like a good decision. –Albert Wertheimer Contributors Patricia Acuna Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile Muhammad Adnan College of Pharmacy and Dentistry, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia Mohammed Fadlalla Ahmed Babekir Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Buray- dah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia Kadir Alam Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal Qais Alefan Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan Abubakr Abdelraouf Alfadl Department of Pharmacy Practice, Uniazah College of Pharmacy, Qas- sim University, Uniazah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia Mahmoud S. Al-Haddad Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ahmed Al-Jedai College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Ahmad Almeman School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia Yaser Mohammed Ali Al-Worafi College of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Yemen; College of Pharmacy-Unizah, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia Sybil Nana Ama Ossei-Agyeman-Yeboah Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, United States; West African Health Organisation, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso Tri Murti Andayani Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gad- jah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Mukhtar Ansari College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia Ahmed Awaisu College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand; School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA Teerapon Dhippayom Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand Mahmoud Elmahdawy Central Administration for Pharmaceutical Affairs (CAPA), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt Tarek Mohamed Elsayed International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia Gihan H. Elsisi Central Administration for Pharmaceutical Affairs (CAPA), Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt xxi xxii Contributors Yu Fang Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China Ahmed Ibrahim Fathelrahman Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia Abdulsalam Halboup Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Hassali Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Azhar Hussain Hamdard University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan Inas Rifaat Ibrahim Department of Pharmacy, Alyarmouk University College, Baghdad, Iraq Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar Shazia Jamshed Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia Sirada M. Jones Department of Pharmacy Practice, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand Shahid Karim College of Pharmacy and Dentistry, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia Nadir Kheir College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar Nadeesha Lakmali National Drug Quality Assurance Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka Shafiu Mohammed Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Gamal Khalafalla Mohamed Ali Central Medical Supplies Public Corporation, Khartoum, Sudan Dhakshila Niyangoda Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Satibi Satibi Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ooi Guat See Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Asrul Akmal Shafie Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Nithima Sumpradit Bureau