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General Knowledge List of Bharat Rata Recipient COMPETEEXAM.COM COMPETEEXAM.COM General Knowledge List of Bharat Ratna Recipient As on 1st June; 2014 COMPETEEXAM.COM – Let The Fragrance of Knowledge Be Spread Page 1 General Knowledge List of Bharat Rata Recipient COMPETEEXAM.COM COMPETEEXAM.COM List of Bharat Ratna Recipient S.No. Year Recipient Name Notes/ Area 1 C. Rajagopalachari Last and Only Indian Governor - General of India, Independence Activist 2 1954 C.V. Raman Nobel Wineer Physicist 3 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan India's Vice President and Second President 4 Bhagwan Das Founder of Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth 5 1955 Visvesvaraya Civil Engineer, Diwan of Mysore 6 Jawahar Lal Nehri First Prime Minister Of India 7 1957 Govind Ballabh Pant First Chief Miniser of Uttar Pradesh 8 1958 Dhondo Keshav Karve Social Reformer 9 Bidhan Chandra Roy Second Chief Minister of West Bengal, Physcian Surgeon 1961 10 Purshottam Das Tondon Educator 11 1962 Rajendra Prasad Lawyer, First President of India 12 Zakir Hussain Third President of India, Second Vice-President of India 13 1963 Pandurang Vaman Kane Indologist and Sanskrit Scholar 14 1966 Lal Bahadur Shastri Second President of India 15 1971 Indira Gandhi Former Prime Minister of India 16 1975 V. V. Giri First Acting President of India, Fourth President of India 17 1976 K. Kamaraj Former Chief Minister of Tamilnadu 18 1980 Mother Teresa Nobel Peace Winner, Catholic Nun, Founder of Missioniaries of Charity 19 1983 Vinoba Bhave Social Reformer, Ramon Magsaysay Award Winner 20 1987 Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan Independence Activist 21 1988 M.G. Ramachandran Film Actor and Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu 22 B.R. Ambedkar Chief Architect of Indian Constitution 1990 23 Nelson Mandela Nobel Peace Prize Winner, Leader of Anti Apartheid Movement 24 Rajiv Gandhi Former Prime Minister of India 25 1991 Vallabhbhai Patel First Deputy Prime Minister of India 26 Morarji Desai Fourth Prime Minister of India 27 Abdul Kalam Azad First Minister of Education of India 28 1992 JRD Tata Industrialist 29 Satyajit Ray Filmmaker 30 Gulzari Lal Nanda Two Times Interim Prime Minister of India 31 1997 Aruna Asif Ali Independence Activist 32 A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Aerospace and Defense Scientist, 11th Presidnet of India 33 M.S. Subbulakshmi Carnatic Classical Vocalist 1998 34 Chidambaram Subramaniam Former Minister of Agriculture 35 Jayaprakash Narayan Social Reformer 36 Ravi Shankar Hindustani Classical Sitar Player 1999 37 Amartya Sen Nobel Economics Winner 38 Gopinath Bordoloi First Chief Minister of Assam 39 Lata Mangeshkar Playback Singer 2001 40 Bismillaha Khan Hindustani Classical Shehnai Player 41 2008 Bhimsen Joshi Hindustani Classical Vocalist 42 C.N.R. Rao Chemist 2013 43 Sachin Tendulkar Cricketer Color Legend Posthumous Recipient Non Citizen Recipient COMPETEEXAM.COM – Let The Fragrance of Knowledge Be Spread Page 2 .

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Bibliography 337 Bibliography A.Primary Sources 1. Committee of Ministers‟ Report. 2. WBLA, Vol. XVII, No.2, 1957. 3. Committee of Review of Rehabilitation Report on the Medical Facilities for New Migrants from Erstwhile East Pakistan in West Bengal. 4. Committee of Review of Rehabilitation Report on the Education Facilities for New Migrants from Erstwhile East Pakistan in West Bengal. 5. WBLA, Vol. XIV, No. 1, 1956. 6. Committee of Review of Rehabilitation Report on Rehabilitation of Displaced Persons from Erstwhile East Pakistan in West Bengal, Third Report. 7. Working Group Report on the Residual problem of Rehabilitation. 8. S. K. Gupta Papers, File Doc. DS: „DDA- Official Documents‟, NMML. 9. 6th Parliament Estimate Committee 30th Report. 10. Indian Parliament, Estimates Committee Report, 30th Report. Dandakaranya Project: Exodus of Settlers, New Delhi, 1979. 11. Estimate Committee, 1959-60, Ninety-Sixth Report, Second Loksabha. 12. WBLA, Vol. XV, No.2, 1957 13. Ninety-Sixth Report of the Estimates Committee, 1959-60, (Second Loksabha) 14. UCRC Executive Committee‟s Report, 16th Convention. 15. Govt. of West Bengal, Master Plan. 16. SP Mukherjee Papers, NMML. 17. Council Debates (Official report), West Bengal Legislative Council, First Session, June – August 1952, vol. I. Census Report 1. Census Report of 1951, Government of West Bengal, India. 2. Census of India 1961, Vol. XVI, part I-A, book (i), p.175. 3. Census Report, 1971. 4. Census of India, 2001. 338 Official and semi-official publications 1. Dr. Guha, B. S., Memoir No. 1, 1954. Studies in Social Tensions among the Refugees from Eastern Pakistan, Department of Anthropology, Government of India, Calcutta, 1959.
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Azadari in Lucknow
WEEKLY www.swapnilsansar.orgwww.swapnilsansar.org Simultaneously Published In Hindi Daily & Weekly VOL24, ISSUE 35 LUCKNOW, 07 SEPTEMBER ,2019,PAGE 08,PRICE :1/- Azadari in Lucknow Agency.Inputs With Sajjad Baqar- Lucknow is on the whole favourable to Madhe-Sahaba at a public meeting, and in protested, including prominent Shia Adeeb Walter -Lucknow.Azadari in Shia view." The Committee also a procession every year on the barawafat figures such as Syed Ali Zaheer (newly Lucknow is name of the practices related recommended that there should be general day subject to the condition that the time, elected MLA from Allahabad-Jaunpur), to mourning and commemoration of the prohibition against the organised place and route thereof shall be fixed by the Princes of the royal family of Awadh, district authorities." But the Government the son of Maulana Nasir a respected Shia failed to engage Shias in negotiations or mujtahid (the eldest son, student and inform them beforehand of the ruling. designated successor of Maulana Nasir Crowds of Shia volunteer arrestees Hussain), Maulana Sayed Kalb-e-Husain assembled in the compound of Asaf-ud- and his son Maulana Kalb-e-Abid (both Daula Imambada (Bara Imambara) in ulema of Nasirabadi family) and the preparation of tabarra, April 1939. brothers of Raja of Salempur and the Raja The Shias initiated a civil of Pirpur, important ML leaders. It was disobedience movement as a result of the believed that Maulana Nasir himself ruling. Some 1,800 Shias publicly Continue On Page 07 Imambaras, Dargahs, Karbalas and Rauzas Aasafi Imambara or Bara Imambara Imambara Husainabad Mubarak or Chhota Imambara Imambara Ghufran Ma'ab Dargah of Abbas, Rustam Nagar.
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Full Text: DOI
Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities (ISSN 0975-2935) Indexed by Web of Science, Scopus, DOAJ, ERIHPLUS Special Conference Issue (Vol. 12, No. 5, 2020. 1-11) from 1st Rupkatha International Open Conference on Recent Advances in Interdisciplinary Humanities (rioc.rupkatha.com) Full Text: http://rupkatha.com/V12/n5/rioc1s17n3.pdf DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v12n5.rioc1s17n3 Identity, Indigeneity and Excluded Region: In the Quest for an Intellectual History of Modern Assam Suranjana Barua1 & L. David Lal2 1Assistant Professor in Linguistics, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati, Assam, India. Email: [email protected] 2Assistant Professor in Political Science, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati, Assam, India. Email: [email protected] Abstract If Indian intellectual history focussed on the nature of the colonial and post-colonial state, its interaction with everyday politics, its emerging society and operation of its economy, then how much did/ does North- East appear in this process of doing intellectual history? North-East history in general and its intellectual history in particular is an unpeopled place. In Indian social science literature, North-East history for the last seventy years has mostly revolved around separatist movements, insurgencies, borderland issue and trans- national migration. However, it seldom focussed on the intellectuals who have articulated the voice of this place and constructed an intellectual history of this region. This paper attempts to explore the intellectual history of Assam through understanding the life history of three key socio-political figures – Gopinath Bordoloi, Bishnu Prasad Rabha and Chandraprabha Saikiani.
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Indian Institute of Technology
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal Tel : 03222-282002, 255386, 277201, 282022, 255622, 282023 Fax : 03222-282020, 255303 Email : [email protected], [email protected] Website : http://www.iitkgp.ernet.in The Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur or IIT KGP) is a public engineering institution established by the government of India in 1951. The first of the IITs to be established, it is recognized as an Institute of National Importance by the government of India. The institute was established to train scientists and engineers after India attained independence in 1947. It shares its organisational structure and undergraduate admission process with sister IITs. The students and alumni of IIT Kharagpur are informally referred to as KGPians. Among all IITs, IIT Kharagpur has the largest campus (2,100 acres), the most departments, and the highest student enrolment. IIT Kharagpur is known for its festivals: Spring Fest (Social and Cultural Festival) and Kshitij (Techno-Management Festival). With the help of Bidhan Chandra Roy (chief minister of West Bengal), Indian educationalists Humayun Kabir and Jogendra Singh formed a committee in 1946 to consider the creation of higher technical institutions "for post-war industrial development of India." [ This was followed by the creation of a 22-member committee headed by Nalini Ranjan Sarkar. In its interim report, the Sarkar Committee recommended the establishment of higher technical institutions in India, along the lines of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and consulting from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign along with affiliated secondary institutions. The report urged that work should start with the speedy establishment of major institutions in the four-quarters of the country with the ones in the east and the west to be set up immediately.
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The Constitution . Amendment) Bill
LOK SABHA THE CONSTITUTION (NINTH . AMENDMENT) BILL, 1956 .. (Report of Joint Committee) PRI!s!!NTED ON THB 16TH JULY, 1956 W,OK SABHA SECRETARIAT . NEWDELID Jaly, 1956 CONTBNTS PAOBS r. Composition of the Joblt Comminoe i-ii ;z. Report of the Joint Committee iif-iv 3· Minutes of Dissent • vii-xv 4o Bill as omended by the Joint Committee 1-18 MPBNDIX I- Modon In the Lok_Ssbha for refe=ce of the Bill to Joint Coum:U.ttee • • • • • • • • 19-20 APPINDDI II- Motion in the Rsjya Sabha 21 Anmmo: m- Minutes of the littfnts of the Joint Committee • APPl!NDIX A APPIINDIX B THE CONSTITUTION (NINTH AMENDMENT) BILL, 1956 _ Composition of the Joint Committee Shri Govind Ballabh Pant-Chainnan. MEMBERs Lok Sabha 2. Shri U. Srinivasa Malliah 3. Shri H. V. Pataskar 4. Shri A. M. Thomas 5. Shri R. Venkataraman 6. Shri S. R. Rane 7. Shri B. G. Mehta 8. Shri Basanta Kumar Das 9. Dr. Ram Subhag Singh 10. Pandit Algu Rai Shastri 11. Shri Dev Kanta Borooah 12. Shri S. Nijalingappa 13. Shri S. K. Patil 14. Shri Shriman Narayan 15. Shri G. S. Altekar - 16. Shri G. B. Khedkar 17. Shri Radha Charan Sharma 18. 'shri GUrm.~ Singh Musafi~ 19. Shri i:l.am PiaLop 'Gai-g 20. Shri Bhawanji A. Khimji. 21. Shri P. Ramaswamy - · 22. Shri B. N. Datar ·: 23. Shri Anandchand 24. Shri Frank Anthony 25. Shri P. T. Punnoose 26. Shri K. K. Basu 27. Shri.J. B. Kripalani 28. Shri Asoka Mehta 29. Shri Sarangadhar Das 30. Shri N.
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Why I Became a Hindu
Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita
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Event, Memory and Lore: Anecdotal History of Partition in Assam
ISSN. 0972 - 8406 61 The NEHU Journal, Vol XII, No. 2, July - December 2014, pp. 61-76 Event, Memory and Lore: Anecdotal History of Partition in Assam BINAYAK DUTTA * Abstract Political history of Partition of India in 1947 is well-documented by historians. However, the grass root politics and and the ‘victim- hood’ of a number of communities affected by the Partition are still not fully explored. The scholarly moves to write alternative History based on individual memory and family experience, aided by the technological revolution have opened up multiple narratives of the partition of Assam and its aftermath. Here in northeast India the Partition is not just a History, but a lived story, which registers its presence in contemporary politics through songs, poems, rhymes and anecdotes related to transfer of power in Assam. These have remained hidden from mainstream partition scholarship. This paper seeks to attempt an anecdotal history of the partition in Assam and the Sylhet Referendum, which was a part of this Partition process . Keywords : sylhet, partition, referendum, muslim league, congress. Introduction HVSLWHWKHSDVVDJHRIPRUHWKDQVL[W\¿YH\HDUVVLQFHWKHSDUWLWLRQ of India, the politics that Partition generated continues to be Dalive in Assam even today. Although the partition continues to be relevant to Assam to this day, it remains a marginally researched area within India’s Partition historiography. In recent years there have been some attempts to engage with it 1, but the study of the Sylhet Referendum, the event around which partition in Assam was constructed, has primarily been treated from the perspective of political history and refugee studies. 2 ,W LV WLPH +LVWRU\ ZULWLQJ PRYHG EH\RQG WKH FRQ¿QHV RI political history.
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Summer Internship Profile Batch 2017-19
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROFILE BATCH 2017-19 Summer Internships - Batch 2017-19 1 Streamwise Classification Summer Internships - Batch 2017-19 2 Summer Placements (Batch 2017-19)— At A Glance Sector Wise Placement Statistics Major Recruiters Summer Internships - Batch 2017-19 3 SUMMER INTERNSHIPS — BATCH 2017-19 AAYUSHI Domicile State :Himachal Pradesh Stream :B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture University :Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh Languages Known :English, Hindi SIP Company :Samunnati Financial Intermediation & Services Pvt. Ltd. AAYUSHI SHIVHARE Domicile State :Uttarakhand Stream :B.Sc. Agriculture University :Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand Languages Known :English, Hindi SIP Company :BASIX Sub-K iTransactions Ltd. AKHILESH KUMAR PRAJAPATI Domicile State :Uttarakhand Stream :B.Sc. Home Science University :Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand Languages Known :English, Hindi SIP Company :Mother Dairy Summer Internships - Batch 2017-19 4 AKSHAY JOSHI Domicile State :Delhi Stream :B.Sc. Agriculture University :Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand Languages Known :English, Hindi SIP Company :TechnoServe AMBRE PRAVIN SUBHASH Domicile State :Maharashtra Stream :B.Tech.( Agricultural Engineering and Technology) University :Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra Languages Known :English, Hindi, Marathi SIP Company :Bharat Insecticides Ltd. ANISH KUMAR Domicile State :Haryana Stream :B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture University :Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab Languages Known :English, Hindi, Punjabi SIP Company :Nichino India Pvt. Ltd. Summer Internships - Batch 2017-19 5 ANJALI MANRAL Domicile State :Uttarakhand Stream :B.Sc. Agriculture University :Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand Languages Known :English, Hindi SIP Company :Bayer CropScience Ltd.
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Library Catalogue
Id Access No Title Author Category Publisher Year 1 9277 Jawaharlal Nehru. An autobiography J. Nehru Autobiography, Nehru Indraprastha Press 1988 historical, Indian history, reference, Indian 2 587 India from Curzon to Nehru and after Durga Das Rupa & Co. 1977 independence historical, Indian history, reference, Indian 3 605 India from Curzon to Nehru and after Durga Das Rupa & Co. 1977 independence 4 3633 Jawaharlal Nehru. Rebel and Stateman B. R. Nanda Biography, Nehru, Historical Oxford University Press 1995 5 4420 Jawaharlal Nehru. A Communicator and Democratic Leader A. K. Damodaran Biography, Nehru, Historical Radiant Publlishers 1997 Indira Gandhi, 6 711 The Spirit of India. Vol 2 Biography, Nehru, Historical, Gandhi Asia Publishing House 1975 Abhinandan Granth Ministry of Information and 8 454 Builders of Modern India. Gopal Krishna Gokhale T.R. Deogirikar Biography 1964 Broadcasting Ministry of Information and 9 455 Builders of Modern India. Rajendra Prasad Kali Kinkar Data Biography, Prasad 1970 Broadcasting Ministry of Information and 10 456 Builders of Modern India. P.S.Sivaswami Aiyer K. Chandrasekharan Biography, Sivaswami, Aiyer 1969 Broadcasting Ministry of Information and 11 950 Speeches of Presidente V.V. Giri. Vol 2 V.V. Giri poitical, Biography, V.V. Giri, speeches 1977 Broadcasting Ministry of Information and 12 951 Speeches of President Rajendra Prasad Vol. 1 Rajendra Prasad Political, Biography, Rajendra Prasad 1973 Broadcasting Eminent Parliamentarians Monograph Series. 01 - Dr. Ram Manohar 13 2671 Biography, Manohar Lohia Lok Sabha 1990 Lohia Eminent Parliamentarians Monograph Series. 02 - Dr. Lanka 14 2672 Biography, Lanka Sunbdaram Lok Sabha 1990 Sunbdaram Eminent Parliamentarians Monograph Series. 04 - Pandit Nilakantha 15 2674 Biography, Nilakantha Lok Sabha 1990 Das Eminent Parliamentarians Monograph Series.
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Revised Syllabus for Sem III and Sem IV Program: MA
AC / /2017 Item no. UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI Revised Syllabus for Sem III and Sem IV Program: M.A. Course: History and Archaeology (Choice Based Credit System with effect from the Academic year 2017-2018 MA Degree Program – The Structure Semester III: Five Groups of Elective courses from parent Department Semester IV: Three Groups of Elective Courses from parent Department ------------------------------------------------------------ SYLLABUS SEMESTER – III List of Courses Elective Group I: A. History of Art and Architecture in Early India B. History of Art in Medieval India C. History of Architecture in Medieval India D. History of Art in Modern India E. History of Architecture in Modern India F. History, Culture and Heritage of Mumbai (1850 CE – 1990 CE) G. History of Tribal Art and Literature H. History of Indian Cinema and Social Realities I. History of Travel and Tourism in India J. History of Buddhism K. Philosophy of Buddhism L. History of Jainism M. History of Sufism in India Elective Group II: A. History of Indian Archaeology B. History of Travelogues in Ancient and Medieval India C. History of India‟s Maritime Heritage (16th and 17th Centuries) D. History of Labour and Entrepreneurship in India (1830 CE – 2000 CE) E. History of Science and Technology in Modern India 2 F. Environmental History of India (19th - 20th Centuries) G. History of Indian Diaspora H. History of Modern Warfare I. History of War and Society in 20th Century India J. Historical Perspectives on India‟s Foreign Policy Elective Group III: A. Builders of Modern India B. Indian National Movement (1857 CE to 1947 CE) C.
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MANUAL 1 [Section 4(1) (B) (I)]
MANUAL 1 [Section 4(1) (b) (i)] Objectives To attain excellence in medical education To provide highest quality of patient care To undertake and promote research in medicalsciences Brief History Maulana Azad Medical College and associated hospitals complex consist of five integral units namely, Maulana Azad Medical College, Lok Nayak Hospital, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital, Guru Nanak Eye Centre. The College made its humble beginning in hospital block of Irwin (Lok Nayak) Hospital in 1958. In 1964, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital was added to the complex to provide training facilities and super specialities. The Guru Nank Eye Centre came into existence on 20th December, 1977. The College is named after a great patriot and educationist Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. The foundation of main building of the college was laid by Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Home Minister of India, on 24th October, 1959. This building was declared open by the first Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru on 26th February, 1961.Since its foundation, the College has successfully trained 7469 Medical Graduates 371 Dental Graduates and 3914 Post Graduates. The College has now completed 57 years and has emerged as one of the premier medical institutions ofIndia. Sushrita Trauma Center at 9, Metcalf Road (Near ISBT) was added to the complex. It is the annexe of the L.N. Hospital. It has a multidisciplinary approach. It is equipped to handle cases of polytrauma through team of specialists Recently CNBC is added and affiliated to MAMC and situated at Geeta Colony, Delhi in 1.6 Hectare area. OPD was started in September, 2003 & indoor facility was started in February, 2005.
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Civics National Civilian Awards
National Civilian Awards Bharat Ratna Bharat Ratna (Jewel of India) is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is conferred "in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science and public services but the government expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavour" in December 2011. Recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. Recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal-leaf–shaped medallion. There is no monetary grant associated with the award. The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were politician C. Rajagopalachari, scientist C. V. Raman and philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, who were honoured in 1954. Since then, the award has been bestowed on 45 individuals including 12 who were awarded posthumously. In 1966, former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first individual to be honoured posthumously. In 2013, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, aged 40, became the youngest recipient of the award. Though usually conferred on Indian citizens, the Bharat Ratna has been awarded to one naturalised citizen, Mother Teresa in 1980, and to two non-Indians, Pakistan national Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan in 1987 and former South African President Nelson Mandela in 1990. Most recently, Indian government has announced the award to freedom fighter Madan Mohan Malaviya (posthumously) and former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee on 24 December 2014.
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