Zoom Workshop Dr. Phillip Carpenter Biochemistry & : The Fasted State Hormones Control Metabolic Pathways The Fed & Fasted States: Maintaining Glycemia Acetyl CoA The Fed & Fasted States

A. FASTED

FED

B. Hepatic vs

FASTED FED

Glucose 6-P Glucose 6-P

Pyruvate Pyruvate

Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis

2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 6 ATP = Glucose + 2 NADH + 2 ADP + 2 Pi = Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 6 ADP + 6 Pi Pyruvate+ 2 NADH + 2 ATP Gluconeogenesis

Must overcome 3 IRREVERSIBLE STEPS OF GLYCOLYSIS

2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 6 ATP = Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 6 ADP + 6 Pi

Pyruvate Converting Pyruvate to PEP in Gluconeogenesis

Glucose 6-P

PEP Carboxykinase PEP OAA Malate Pyruvate TCA Cycle

Pyruvate

Acetyl CoA CoASH OAA 6C

4 + 2 = 6 Malate 6 = 6 H2O 6C 6 - 1 = 5 4C CO 5- 1 = 4 2 5C CoASH CO2 4C 4C TCA Cycle

Pyruvate

Acetyl CoA CoASH NADH OAA Citrate NAD+ Malate

H2O Isocitrate NAD+ Fumarate CO2 NADH FADH2 α-Ketoglutarate FAD CoASH CO2 NAD+ Succinate Succinyl CoA NADH

GTP GDP + Pi + Acetyl CoA + 3 NAD + FAD + GDP + Pi = 2 CO2 + 3 NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoASH TCA Cycle as a Source For Carbon Ubiquitin Degradation of Degradation & Gluconeogenesis

Protein

Alanine Fatty acyl CoA

Pyruvate + AcCoA

NADH OAA NAD+ TCA cycle Malate

Malate NADH ATP

Glucose PEP Carbon Sources of Gluconeogenesis

Glucose 6-P

Glycerol

Pyruvate

Glucogenic Lactate AA Malate Gluconeogenesis is Coupled to β-Ox

Glucose 6-P

NADH, ATP Glycerol β-Ox Pyruvate Fatty Acids Epinephrine Glucogenic Lactate AA Malate Protein Fatty Acid Degradation Pathway Shuttle Imports LCFA into Matrix

ATP + CoA AMP + PPi Cytosol C16:0 Fatty Acid Fatty Acyl CoA Fatty Acyl CoA Carnitine Acyl Synthetase OUTER Transferase I CoA Carnitine Fatty Acyl CoA Fatty Acyl Carnitine Carnitine

Carnitine acyl INNER Carnitine acyl transferase II CoA Carnitine Fatty Acylcarnitine β ox Fatty Acyl CoA The Cori Cycle Ketone Bodies Are Derived from Fatty Acids Ketone Bodies Glucose 6-P

Acetyl CoA

NADH, ATP β-Ox

Fatty Acids Epinephrine Triglycerides Tissue Specific Production/Utilization of Ketone Bodies

Acetoacetate Beta hydroxybutyrate Acetone Type I Diabetes & The Fasted State www.med-pathway.com/register