Zoom Workshop Dr. Phillip Carpenter Biochemistry & Metabolism: The Fasted State Hormones Control Metabolic Pathways The Fed & Fasted States: Maintaining Glycemia Acetyl CoA The Fed & Fasted States
A. FASTED
FED
B. Hepatic Gluconeogenesis vs Glycolysis
FASTED FED
Glucose 6-P Glucose 6-P
Pyruvate Pyruvate
Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis
2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 6 ATP = Glucose + 2 NADH + 2 ADP + 2 Pi = Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 6 ADP + 6 Pi Pyruvate+ 2 NADH + 2 ATP Gluconeogenesis
Must overcome 3 IRREVERSIBLE STEPS OF GLYCOLYSIS
2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 6 ATP = Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 6 ADP + 6 Pi
Pyruvate Converting Pyruvate to PEP in Gluconeogenesis
Glucose 6-P
PEP Carboxykinase PEP OAA Malate Pyruvate Carboxylase Pyruvate TCA Cycle
Pyruvate
Acetyl CoA CoASH OAA 6C
4 + 2 = 6 Malate 6 = 6 H2O 6C 6 - 1 = 5 4C CO 5- 1 = 4 2 5C CoASH CO2 4C 4C TCA Cycle
Pyruvate
Acetyl CoA CoASH NADH OAA Citrate NAD+ Malate
H2O Isocitrate NAD+ Fumarate CO2 NADH FADH2 α-Ketoglutarate FAD CoASH CO2 NAD+ Succinate Succinyl CoA NADH
GTP GDP + Pi + Acetyl CoA + 3 NAD + FAD + GDP + Pi = 2 CO2 + 3 NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoASH TCA Cycle as a Source For Carbon Ubiquitin Degradation of Proteins Fatty Acid Degradation & Gluconeogenesis
Protein
Alanine Fatty acyl CoA
Pyruvate + AcCoA
NADH OAA NAD+ TCA cycle Malate
Malate NADH ATP
Glucose PEP Carbon Sources of Gluconeogenesis
Glucose 6-P
Glycerol
Pyruvate
Glucogenic Lactate AA Malate Protein Gluconeogenesis is Coupled to β-Ox
Glucose 6-P
NADH, ATP Glycerol β-Ox Pyruvate Fatty Acids Epinephrine Glucogenic Lactate Triglycerides AA Malate Protein Fatty Acid Degradation Pathway Carnitine Shuttle Imports LCFA into Matrix
ATP + CoA AMP + PPi Cytosol C16:0 Fatty Acid Fatty Acyl CoA Fatty Acyl CoA Carnitine Acyl Synthetase OUTER Transferase I CoA Carnitine Fatty Acyl CoA Fatty Acyl Carnitine Carnitine
Carnitine acyl INNER Carnitine acyl transferase II translocase CoA Carnitine Fatty Acylcarnitine β ox Fatty Acyl CoA The Cori Cycle Ketone Bodies Are Derived from Fatty Acids Ketone Bodies Glucose 6-P
Acetyl CoA
NADH, ATP β-Ox
Fatty Acids Epinephrine Triglycerides Tissue Specific Production/Utilization of Ketone Bodies
Acetoacetate Beta hydroxybutyrate Acetone Type I Diabetes & The Fasted State www.med-pathway.com/register