Zoom Workshop Dr. Phillip Carpenter Biochemistry & Metabolism: The Fasted State Hormones Control Metabolic Pathways The Fed & Fasted States: Maintaining Glycemia Acetyl CoA The Fed & Fasted States A. FASTED FED B. Hepatic Gluconeogenesis vs Glycolysis FASTED FED Glucose 6-P Glucose 6-P Pyruvate Pyruvate Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 6 ATP = Glucose + 2 NADH + 2 ADP + 2 Pi = Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 6 ADP + 6 Pi Pyruvate+ 2 NADH + 2 ATP Gluconeogenesis Must overcome 3 IRREVERSIBLE STEPS OF GLYCOLYSIS 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 6 ATP = Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 6 ADP + 6 Pi Pyruvate Converting Pyruvate to PEP in Gluconeogenesis Glucose 6-P PEP Carboxykinase PEP OAA Malate Pyruvate Carboxylase Pyruvate TCA Cycle PyruvAte Acetyl CoA CoASH OAA 6C 4 + 2 = 6 MalAte 6 = 6 H2O 6C 6 - 1 = 5 4C CO 5- 1 = 4 2 5C CoASH CO2 4C 4C TCA Cycle PyruvAte Acetyl CoA CoASH NADH OAA CitrAte NAD+ MalAte H2O IsocitrAte NAD+ FumArAte CO2 NADH FADH2 α-KetoglutArAte FAD CoASH CO2 NAD+ SuccinAte Succinyl CoA NADH GTP GDP + Pi + Acetyl CoA + 3 NAD + FAD + GDP + Pi = 2 CO2 + 3 NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoASH TCA Cycle as a Source For Carbon Ubiquitin Degradation of Proteins Fatty Acid Degradation & Gluconeogenesis Protein Alanine Fatty acyl CoA Pyruvate + AcCoA NADH OAA NAD+ TCA cycle Malate Malate NADH ATP Glucose PEP Carbon Sources of Gluconeogenesis Glucose 6-P Glycerol Pyruvate Glucogenic Lactate AA Malate Protein Gluconeogenesis is Coupled to β-Ox Glucose 6-P NADH, ATP Glycerol β-Ox Pyruvate Fatty Acids Epinephrine Glucogenic Lactate Triglycerides AA Malate Protein Fatty Acid Degradation Pathway Carnitine Shuttle Imports LCFA into MatriX ATP + CoA AMP + PPi Cytosol C16:0 Fatty Acid Fatty Acyl CoA Fatty Acyl CoA Carnitine Acyl Synthetase OUTER Transferase I CoA Carnitine Fatty Acyl CoA Fatty Acyl Carnitine Carnitine Carnitine acyl INNER Carnitine acyl transferase II translocase CoA Carnitine Fatty Acylcarnitine β ox Fatty Acyl CoA The Cori Cycle Ketone Bodies Are Derived from Fatty Acids Ketone Bodies Glucose 6-P Acetyl CoA NADH, ATP β-Ox Fatty Acids Epinephrine Triglycerides Tissue Specific Production/Utilization of Ketone Bodies Acetoacetate Beta hydroxybutyrate Acetone Type I Diabetes & The Fasted State www.med-pathway.com/register.