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ESTADO DE CONSERVAÇÃO DO CAMURUPIM Megalops Atlanticus (ACTINOPTERYGII: MEGALOPIDAE): UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA ENTRE 2010 E 2019

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ESTADO DE CONSERVAÇÃO DO CAMURUPIM Megalops Atlanticus (ACTINOPTERYGII: MEGALOPIDAE): UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA ENTRE 2010 E 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v53i1.43105 ISSN 0374-5686 Leidiane Priscilla de Paiva Batista et al. e-ISSN 2526-7639 REVISÃO Arquivos de Ciências do Mar ESTADO DE CONSERVAÇÃO DO CAMURUPIM Megalops atlanticus (ACTINOPTERYGII: MEGALOPIDAE): UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA ENTRE 2010 E 2019 Conservation status of tarpon Megalops atlanticus (Actinopterygii: Megalopidae): a systematic review between 2010 and 2019 Leidiane Priscilla de Paiva Batista1, André Ferreira Porfírio2, Clara Cabral Almeida3, José Ivan Fonteles de Vasconcelos Filho4, Caroline Vieira Feitosa5 1 Doutoranda em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Ceará. [email protected] 2 Doutoranda em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, bolsista da Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, [email protected] 3 Doutoranda em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, bolsista da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. 4 Mestrando em Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, bolsista do CNPq, [email protected] 5 Professora associada do Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Grupo de Ictiologia Marinha Tropical (IMAT), [email protected] RESUMO O camurupim Megalops atlanticus (Valenciennes, 1847) é amplamente distribuído em águas tropicais e subtropicais. Devido a sua superexplotação, compõe a lista brasileira de espécies ameaçadas. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico para analisar os estudos sobre M. atlanticus procurando identificar as lacunas de conhecimento, bem como propor medidas que auxiliem o processo de conservação dessa espécie. A seleção dos artigos foi através do protocolo Prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses). O mecanismo de “busca avançada” foi usado nas bases de dados Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus e Scielo, com a palavra-chave “Megalops atlanticus”. As variáveis dos artigos foram divididas em três seções: dinâmica populacional, conservação e explo- ração. Além disso, foram registrados o local e o habitat de cada estudo. Foram selecionados 25 artigos, a maioria publicada em 2018, distribuídos ao longo do continente americano com apenas um trabalho no território brasileiro. O Brasil não possui monitoramento eficaz da sobrexplotação de M. atlanticus, evidenciando que a implementação de programas de monitoramento é prioritária. Mesmo com vulnerabilidade reconhecida, ainda há poucos estudos sobre essa espécie no Brasil. Pesquisas sobre a biologia da espécie são necessárias Recebido em: 18/12/2019 Aprovado em: 24/06/2020 Publicado em: 30/08/2020 Arq. Ciên. Mar, Fortaleza, 2020, 53(1): 113 - 125 113 ESTADO DE CONSERVAÇÃO DO CAMURUPIM Megalops atlanticus (Actinopterygii: Megalopidae): UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA ENTRE 2010 E 2019 para auxiliar a sua conservação. Assim, os resultados apresentados podem estimular fu- turas pesquisas em território brasileiro, contribuindo para a preservação da espécie. Palavras-chave: dinâmica populacional, manejo, Megalopidae. ABSTRACT The tarpon Megalops atlanticus (Valenciennes, 1847) is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters. Due to overexploitation, they are included in Brazilian list of threatened species. Was conducted a bibliographic survey to analyze the studies on M. atlanticus on an attempt to identify the knowledgement gaps, as well as to propose measures that help in the conservation pro- cess for this species. The selection of articles was made through the Prisma protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes). The “advanced search” mechanism was used in Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Scielo databases by the keyword “Megalops atlanticus”. The several articles were divided into three sections: population dynamics, conserva- tion, and exploitation. Furthermore, were recorded the location and habitat for each study. Twenty- five articles were selected, most of them published in 2018, distributed throughout the American continent, with only one work from the Brazilian territory. Brazil does not have effective monitoring of M. atlanticus overexploitation, showing that the implementation of monitoring programs is re- quired. Even with recognized vulnerability, there are still few studies from Brazil. Studies on species biology are necessary to assist its conservation, thus, the results presented may stimulate future research in Brazilian territory, contributing to the preservation of this species. Keywords: population dynamics, management, Megalopidae. INTRODUÇÃO O Megalops atlanticus (Valenciennes, 1847), também conhecido como camurupim, é um actinopterígeo da família Megalopidae. É amplamente distribuído em águas tropicais e subtropicais do Oceano Atlântico, desde os Estados Unidos (América do Norte) até a Argentina (América do Sul) (Robertson et al., 2015). Também ocorre na costa atlântica oriental da África, da Mauritânia a Angola (Anyanwu & Kusemiju, 2007), e no Atlântico Norte, sendo reportado em Formigas, Açores e no estuário do rio Tejo, em Lisboa, Portugal (Twomey & Byrne, 1985). Essa espécie também se fixou no Pacífico Ocidental após realizar travessia pelo Canal do Panamá, estando presente entre o Panamá e a Costa Rica, e ao sul, na Colômbia (Ault & Luo, 2013; Neira & Acero, 2016; Orélis-Ribeiro et al., 2017; Seymour; Wegner & Graham, 2008). No Brasil, ocorre principalmente em águas tropicais, especialmente ao longo da re- gião Nordeste, em áreas costeiras marinhas, estuários e até centenas de quilômetros a mon- tante em rios e lagos (Garrone-Neto & Rodrigues, 2018). O M. atlanticus é uma espécie marinha, mas que também habita rios, baías, estuários e lagoas revestidas de mangue (Taylor; Loew & Grace, 2011). Utiliza diferentes habitats e recursos ao longo do seu ciclo de vida e é dependente de estuários, principalmente man- guezais em regiões tropicais (Machado; Drummond & Paglia, 2018). Tem relevante impor- 114 Arq. Ciên. Mar, Fortaleza, 2020, 53(1): 113 - 125 Leidiane Priscilla de Paiva Batista et al. tância comercial pesqueira no Oceano Atlântico central e sudoeste, onde também é um importante recurso alimentar. Além disso, é um peixe esportivo e a pesca recreativa gera bilhões de dólares por ano nos Estados Unidos (Kurth, 2016). Há uma carência de informações sobre essa espécie, principalmente no Brasil, onde é intensamente pescada na região Norte e Nordeste e onde também é mais frequente e abun- dante (Machado; Drummond & Paglia, 2018). Na estatística pesqueira do Brasil entre 1974 e 2011, M. atlanticus teve registros de desembarques nos estados do Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe e Alagoas (Machado; Drummond & Paglia, 2018). A maioria dos estudos foi realizada na Flórida (EUA) e no Golfo do México (Cuba, EUA, México) (Griffin et al., 2018). Existe uma necessidade de entender a biologia e a eco- logia dessa espécie, uma vez que seu ciclo de vida inclui diversos ambientes estuarinos e marinhos, mas também é encontrado em água doce (Hammerschlag et al., 2012). A variabi- lidade quanto ao uso do habitat nas diferentes etapas do seu ciclo de vida torna-a uma es- pécie interessante e atraente para estudos científicos. Além disso, essa espécie é o recurso base para pescadores recreativos no Caribe, no Golfo do México e na costa atlântica da Flórida. Essa atividade tem considerável importância econômica e movimenta milhões de dólares (Taylor; Loew & Grace, 2011). Atualmente, o M. atlanticus é globalmente categorizado como vulnerável pela União Internacional para Conservação da Natureza (IUCN) e no Brasil está na lista de espécies animais ameaçadas (Adams et al., 2012; Machado; Drummond & Paglia, 2018), principal- mente devido à exploração, ao manuseio inadequado de artes de pesca (e.g. uso de dina- mite), à deterioração ou perda de habitat natural, à má gestão da água (e.g. poluição) e aos impactos no mar (e.g. sobrepesca) (Neira & Arturo, 2016). Quanto à captura pela pesca, foi detalhado por Machado, Drummond e Paglia (2018) que os desembarques no Brasil de- monstram um claro declínio na captura da espécie nos últimos anos, variando entre 1.700 t, no início da década de 2000, e 340 t em 2006. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste levanta- mento bibliográfico é analisar os estudos realizados nos últimos 10 anos a respeito do Megalops atlanticus, visando buscar nichos de pesquisas ainda não abordados, bem como propor medidas que auxiliem o processo de conservação dessa espécie. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS A seleção e análise do levantamento bibliográfico foram realizadas através do proto- colo para revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises Prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) (Liberati et al., 2009; Moher et al., 2009), demons- trado na Figura 1. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de buscas realizadas nas bases de dados Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus e Scielo. Em todas as bases de dados foi utilizado o meca- nismo de “busca avançada” para obter resultados precisos. As buscas foram realizadas utilizando a palavra-chave “Megalops atlanticus”, restringindo o período de publicação entre 2010 e 2019, com a palavra-chave obrigatoriamente no título do artigo. De acordo com critérios de elegibilidade previamente estabelecidos (Quadro 1), as re- ferências foram analisadas e, quando não cumpridos os requisitos, excluídas da pesquisa. Arq. Ciên. Mar, Fortaleza, 2020, 53(1): 113 - 125 115 ESTADO DE CONSERVAÇÃO DO CAMURUPIM Megalops atlanticus (Actinopterygii: Megalopidae): UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA ENTRE 2010 E 2019
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