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Protecting the Crown: a Century of Resource Management in Glacier National Park
Protecting the Crown A Century of Resource Management in Glacier National Park Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (RM-CESU) RM-CESU Cooperative Agreement H2380040001 (WASO) RM-CESU Task Agreement J1434080053 Theodore Catton, Principal Investigator University of Montana Department of History Missoula, Montana 59812 Diane Krahe, Researcher University of Montana Department of History Missoula, Montana 59812 Deirdre K. Shaw NPS Key Official and Curator Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana 59936 June 2011 Table of Contents List of Maps and Photographs v Introduction: Protecting the Crown 1 Chapter 1: A Homeland and a Frontier 5 Chapter 2: A Reservoir of Nature 23 Chapter 3: A Complete Sanctuary 57 Chapter 4: A Vignette of Primitive America 103 Chapter 5: A Sustainable Ecosystem 179 Conclusion: Preserving Different Natures 245 Bibliography 249 Index 261 List of Maps and Photographs MAPS Glacier National Park 22 Threats to Glacier National Park 168 PHOTOGRAPHS Cover - hikers going to Grinnell Glacier, 1930s, HPC 001581 Introduction – Three buses on Going-to-the-Sun Road, 1937, GNPA 11829 1 1.1 Two Cultural Legacies – McDonald family, GNPA 64 5 1.2 Indian Use and Occupancy – unidentified couple by lake, GNPA 24 7 1.3 Scientific Exploration – George B. Grinnell, Web 12 1.4 New Forms of Resource Use – group with stringer of fish, GNPA 551 14 2.1 A Foundation in Law – ranger at check station, GNPA 2874 23 2.2 An Emphasis on Law Enforcement – two park employees on hotel porch, 1915 HPC 001037 25 2.3 Stocking the Park – men with dead mountain lions, GNPA 9199 31 2.4 Balancing Preservation and Use – road-building contractors, 1924, GNPA 304 40 2.5 Forest Protection – Half Moon Fire, 1929, GNPA 11818 45 2.6 Properties on Lake McDonald – cabin in Apgar, Web 54 3.1 A Background of Construction – gas shovel, GTSR, 1937, GNPA 11647 57 3.2 Wildlife Studies in the 1930s – George M. -
Outlaws: a Tale of Two Histories William Carlton Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2016 Outlaws: A tale of two histories William Carlton Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Carlton, William, "Outlaws: A tale of two histories" (2016). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 16557. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16557 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Outlaws: A tale of two histories by William Carlton A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major: History Program of Study Committee: Kathleen Hilliard, Major Professor Julie Courtwright Margaret LaWare Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2016 1 Four horsemen—four lone horsemen. With Stetsons pushed low and bandanas pulled high, they sauntered around the wide bend in the dusty trail and surveyed the sleepy town. The sun, directly overhead, blazed down, and in the distant west, dark storm clouds skated ominously across the sky. The coming downpour would quickly wash away all tracks; pursuit would be impossible. The baleful eyes of the lead rider narrowed as he scanned the peaceful scene spread before him. The remote town lolled in the afternoon warmth. On a battered barrel sheltered by an overhanging awning, a seasoned cowhand dozed fitfully. -
Read Genealogies, of the Brothers and Sisters and Families And
NYPL RESEARCH LIBRARIES 3 3433 08071712 :\ i„i.v j W «! i iSJwHM ffi£$ffl 14tM»BW ni'-W l •;<>:' i- ifffitju i :.! • (>il#!i ilrtr i.'ltii A READ GENEALOGIES Of the Brothers and Sisters AND Families and Descendants OF ISRAEL READ ABNER READ JOHN READ POLLY READ (Hetherington) WILLIAM READ WOLCOTT READ LEWIS READ NATHANIEL READ Compiled by Rev. Henry Martyn Dodd, A. B., A. M. Clinton, New York - . " " I I -> L » t .. "»• Your fatheis where are they? — Zech. i : J EDITION FIRST Copyright 1912 Henry Martyn Dodd Clinton, N. Y. PREFACE N compiling this Read Genealogy, I have been in actuated part by. my . enjoyment of such work, and in part by a desire to -do something of value for the Read family to which my mother belonged, I realize, however, that it is a very incomplete book, for much that whs important has passed beyond recovery with the passing away of the older generations and their neglect of family records. If I had had larger means I might, perhaps, by expensive researches have discovered more facts and made a more perfect record. I have found the written records few and scattered, and not always correct. It has been necessary to depend much on Tradition ; but knowing the uncertainty of such evidence, I have been careful about accepting it unless well verified. I feel sure that the statements of this book can be depended on with reasonable confidence. Some of the kin- dred have helped cordially, for which I return most hearty thanks. Others have seemed indifferent and unresponsive, and if any such do not find much about their own families, they certainly will not blame me. -
Spring 2018 Journal
INSIDE: MEXICO & BELIZE SHARE BONEFISH • HURRICANE IRMA IMPACTS • BONEFISH RESTORATION UPDATE A publication of BONEFISH & TARPON JournalSTEWARDSHIP THROUGH SCIENCE • SPRING 2018 Are Permit Creatures Of Habit? B O N E F I S H & T A R P O N J O U R N A L S P R I N G 2 0 1 8 W W W. B T T. O R G 1 Editorial Board A publication of BONEFISH & TARPON Dr. Aaron Adams, Harold Brewer, Bill Horn, Jim McDuffie Publication Team Publishers: Harold Brewer, Jim McDuffie JournalSTEWARDSHIP THROUGH SCIENCE • SPRING 2018 EditorialEditor: Nick Board Roberts A publication of BONEFISH & TARPON EditorialDr. Aaron Assistant: Adams, AlexHarold Anne Brewer, Matthews Features: Updates/Reports: AdvertisingBill Horn, Coordinator: Jim McDuffie Henry Buck Bonefish Restoration Research Project Update ..........14 Setting the Hook ...........................................4 Layout and Design: Scott Morrison, Perspectives: Fix Our Water Update ...........6 Publication Team Hurricane Impacts ..........................................................18 Morrison Creative Company Welcome Aboard ..........................................8 Publishers: Harold Brewer, Jim McDuffie Science Symposium Summaries .................................. 24 Managing Editor: Alex Lovett-Woodsum Tippets ......................................................... 10 STEWARDSHIP THROUGH SCIENCE • SPRING 2017 Consulting Editors:Photography Bob Baal, Nick Roberts Project Permit UpdateJournal ................................................... 32 Conservation Captain Q & A ......................30 -
Atlantic Tarpon
ATLANTIC TARPON Lateral Line Dorsal Fin Extended Scales Threadfin Eye Gill Cover Lower Jaw Upper Jaw Caudal Fin Pectoral Fin Pelvic Fin Anal Fin Range: The Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) is a large bony fish that commonly grows over 2-meters in length and weighs in excess of 90 kilograms (200 pounds). It is the larger of the two tarpon species still existing today. The other species is the Indo-Pacific tarpon (Megalops cyprinoides). Atlantic tarpon prefer tropical and subtropical waters and are most common from Virginia to central Brazil and throughout the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Fossil records show that tarpon have been swimming in our oceans since prehistoric times. Anatomy: Tarpon are silver with blue-gray backs and have large plate-like scales that act as armor for the fish. They have a large projecting, upturned lower jaw that contains a bony plate for crushing prey. A distinguishing characteristic is the long threadfin on their dorsal fin. Their forked tail makes them excellent swimmers. Their eyes have excellent vision. They can see color into the ultraviolet light spectrum and in the dark. Tarpon predominantly breathe using gills, but they can also breathe oxygen directly from the air using a swim bladder. This allows them to survive in harsh environments. Life History: It takes a tarpon approximately 8 to 10 years to reach maturity and spawn for the first time. By this time, tarpon are approximately 128 centimeters in length (4 feet). A single female tarpon can release between 1 million and 20 million egg cells per year. -
SUMMER ADVENTURES Mapping the Journey O N T H E R O a D EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK
SUMMER ADVENTURES Mapping the Journey O N T H E R O A D EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK Getting to know a new place can be daunting. PG 3 Nothing is familiar and you don’t know your way Map Your Bucket List around. Luckily, we have maps! All Ages Spend a little time with maps of Everglades PG 5 National Park and soon you’ll realize the park Scavenger Hunt covers much of the southern tip of Florida. You will All Ages also see water is key to what makes the Everglades a world-renowned “river of grass.” PG 7 MapMaker Quest Maps of the park can help you find alligator Ages 9+ habitats and places to paddle a kayak on a hidden waterway. You can also use maps to discover a PG 9 good place to picnic or ride a bike. MapMaker Guess Who Ages 9+ So, go ahead, map your way through Everglades National Park! PG 11 Answers (no peeking!) Book List READY TO EXPLORE? 2 150° 120° 90° 60° 30° 0° 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° ARCTIC OCEAN N ARCTIC CIRCLE 60° MAP YOUR BUCKET LIST 60° NORTH AMERICA EUROPE ASIA 30° 30° ACTIVITY | All Ages TROPIC OF CANCER TROPIC OF CANCER PACIFIC ATLANTIC OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN AFRICA OCEAN EQUATOR EQUATOR 0° 0° SOUTH MATERIALS AMERICA INDIAN OCEAN TROPIC OF CAPRICORN TROPIC OF CAPRICORN Device with internet connection AUSTRALIA 30° 30° Pen, pencil, or crayons (LONDON) MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH OF MERIDIAN ANTARCTIC CIRCLE 60° 60° 0 2000 mi ANTARCTICA READ 0 2000 km Congratulations! You and your family just won an imaginary trip around the world. -
Order ELOPIFORMES
click for previous page Elopiformes: Elopidae 1619 Class ACTINOPTERYGII Order ELOPIFORMES ELOPIDAE Tenpounders (ladyfishes) by D.G. Smith A single species occurring in the area. Elops hawaiiensis Regan, 1909 Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: Elops australis Regan, 1909 / Elops saurus Linnaeus, 1766. FAO names: En - Hawaiian ladyfish. branchiostegal gular rays plate Diagnostic characters: Body elongate, fusiform, moderately compressed. Eye large. Mouth large, gape ending behind posterior margin of eye; mouth terminal, jaws approximately equal; a gular plate present between arms of lower jaw. Teeth small and granular. Branchiostegal rays numerous, approximately 20 to 25. All fins without spines; dorsal fin begins slightly behind midbody; anal fin short, with approximately 14 to 17 rays, begins well behind base of dorsal fin; caudal fin deeply forked; pectoral fins low on side of body, near ventral outline; pelvic fins abdominal, below origin of dorsal fin. Scales very small, approxi- mately 100 in lateral line. Colour: blue or greenish grey above, silvery on sides; fins sometimes with a faint yellow tinge. ventral view of head Similar families occurring in the area Clupeidae: lateral line absent; gular plate absent; most species have scutes along midline of belly. Megalopidae (Megalops cyprinoides): scales much larger, about 30 to 40 in lateral line; last ray of dorsal fin elongate and filamentous. no lateral line filament scutes Clupeidae Megalopidae (Megalops cyprinoides) 1620 Bony Fishes Albulidae (Albula spp.): mouth inferior. Chanidae (Chanos chanos): mouth smaller, gape not extending behind eye; gular plate absent; bran- chiostegal rays fewer, approximately 4 or 5. mouth inferior mouth smaller Albulidae (Albula spp.) Chanidae (Chanos chanos) Size: Maximum standard length slightly less than 1 m, commonly to 50 cm; seldom reaches a weight of 5 kg (= “ten pounds”), despite the family’s common name. -
Keeping up with the Silver King Using
Fisheries Research 205 (2018) 65–76 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fisheries Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fishres Keeping up with the Silver King: Using cooperative acoustic telemetry T networks to quantify the movements of Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) in the coastal waters of the southeastern United States ⁎ Lucas P. Griffina, , Jacob W. Brownscombeb, Aaron J. Adamsc,d, Ross E. Boucekc, John T. Finne, Michael R. Heithausf, Jennifer S. Rehageg, Steven J. Cookeb, Andy J. Danylchuka a Department of Environmental Conservation & Intercampus Marine Science Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA b Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada c Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, 135 San Lorenzo Avenue, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA d Florida Atlantic University, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA e Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA f Florida International University, College of Arts, Sciences & Education, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA g Florida International University, Earth and Environment Department, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Handled by George A. Rose Understanding the nature of migratory behaviors within animal populations is critical to develop and refine Keywords: conservation and management plans. However, tracking migratory marine animals across life stages and over Acoustic telemetry multiple years is inherently difficult to achieve, especially for highly migratory species. In this paper, we explore Atlantic tarpon the use of acoustic telemetry to characterize the spatial ecology of Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus), elucidate Megalops atlanticus the ecology of this poorly studied species, and ultimately inform conservation and management. -
Migrations and Movements of Atlantic Tarpon Revealed by Two Decades of Satellite Tagging
Please do not remove this page Migrations and movements of Atlantic tarpon revealed by two decades of satellite tagging Luo, Jiangang; Ault, Jerald Stephen; Ungar, Bruce T; et.al. https://scholarship.miami.edu/discovery/delivery/01UOML_INST:ResearchRepository/12378179450002976?l#13378179440002976 Luo, J., Ault, J. S., Ungar, B. T., Smith, S. G., Larkin, M., Davidson, T. N., Bryan, D., Farmer, N. A., Holt, S. A., Alford, A. S., Adams, A. J., Humston, R., Marton, A. S., Mangum, D., Kleppinger, R., Requejo, A., & Robertson, J. (2020). Migrations and movements of Atlantic tarpon revealed by two decades of satellite tagging. Fish and Fisheries (Oxford, England), 21(2), 290–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12430 Published Version: https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12430 Downloaded On 2021/09/24 07:29:27 -0400 Please do not remove this page Received: 1 October 2019 | Revised: 12 November 2019 | Accepted: 18 November 2019 DOI: 10.1111/faf.12430 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Migrations and movements of Atlantic tarpon revealed by two decades of satellite tagging Jiangang Luo1 | Jerald S. Ault1 | Bruce T. Ungar1 | Steven G. Smith1 | Michael F. Larkin2 | Thomas N. Davidson3 | David R. Bryan4 | Nicholas A. Farmer2 | Scott A. Holt5 | A. Scott Alford6 | Aaron J. Adams3 | Robert Humston7 | Adam S. Marton8 | David Mangum1 | Russell Kleppinger1 | Angel Requejo1 | Julian Robertson9 1Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Abstract Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Understanding large-scale migratory behaviours, local movement patterns and Miami, Florida population connectivity are critical to determining the natural processes and an- 2National Marine Fisheries Service, St. Petersburg, Florida thropogenic stressors that influence population dynamics and for developing effec- 3Bonefish Tarpon Trust, Miami, Florida tive conservation plans. -
Preserving Nature in the National Parks
Preserving Nature in the National Parks Preserving Nature in the National Parks A History R ICHARD WEST SELLARS Yale University Press New Haven & London This book is published partially through a Library of Congress Cataloging-in- generous grant from Eastern National Park Publication Data and Monument Association. Sellars, Richard West, 1935Ð All royalties from this book go to the Preserving nature in the national parks: a Albright-Wirth Employee Development history/Richard West Sellars. Fund to advance the professional skills of p. cm. National Park Service employees. Includes bibliographical references and index. Earlier versions of portions of this book have isbn 0-300-06931-6 (cloth) appeared in the Washington Post, Wilderness, 0-300-07578-2 (pbk.) Journal of Forestry, Montana The Magazine of Western History, and The George Wright 1. United States. National Park Service— Forum. History. 2. National parks and reserves— United States—Management— Copyright º 1997 by Yale University. History. 3. Nature conservation—United All rights reserved. States—History. 4. Natural resources— This book may not be reproduced, in whole United States—Management— or in part, including illustrations, in any form History. I. Title (beyond that copying permitted by Sections sb482.a4 s44 1977 107 and 108 of the U. S. Copyright Law and 333.7%0973—dc21 97-16154 except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the A catalogue record for this book is available publishers. from the British Library. The paper in this book meets the guidelines Designed by James J. Johnson and set in for permanence and durability of the Caledonia types by Keystone Typesetting, Inc. -
Insights Into the Evolution of Lungs and Swim Bladders Author(S): Christopher B
Division of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology The Origin and Evolution of the Surfactant System in Fish: Insights into the Evolution of Lungs and Swim Bladders Author(s): Christopher B. Daniels, Sandra Orgeig, Lucy C. Sullivan, Nicholas Ling, Michael B. Bennett, Samuel Schürch, Adalberto Luis Val, and Colin J. Brauner Source: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Vol. 77, No. 5 (September/October 2004), pp. 732-749 Published by: The University of Chicago Press. Sponsored by the Division of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/422058 . Accessed: 08/11/2015 22:31 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press and Division of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 23.235.32.0 on Sun, 8 Nov 2015 22:31:46 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 732 The Origin and Evolution of the Surfactant System in Fish: Insights into the Evolution of Lungs and Swim Bladders* Christopher B. -
Santa Fe Trail, National Scenic Trail Study
•• • • THE SANTA FE TRAIL A NATIONAL SCENIC TRAIL STUDY • TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Authority and Purpose 1 Background 1 Scope 3 Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations 4 Historical Findings 4 Recreational Findings 4 Conclusions 4 Recommendations 4 Description of the Route 6 Santa Fe Trail 6 Mormon Battalion Trail 8 Natural Landscape 8 Cultural Landscape 9 Land Ownership 10 Population 10 • Historical Evaluation 13 History of the Trail 13 Historical Findings 15 Re:reational Evaluation 16 Recreation Resources 16 Evaluation Against Criteria 17 Recreation Findings 20 Appendices 21 References 46 • --------------------- List dF 1'AIIU:s -Title Page • 1. Land Use 9 2. Land OWnership 10 3. Population of Cities Along the Santa Fe Trail ll 4. Population of Cities Along the Mormon Battalion Trail 12 LIST OF FIGURES Title Page 1. Nationwide System of Trails 2 2. The Santa Fe Trail 7 • • ------- ---------------------- INTRODUCTION AUTHORITY AND PURPOSE • The National Trails System Act, Public Law 90-543, lists 14 trails to be studied to determine their suitability for inclusion in the National Trails System (see figure 1). The Santa Fe and the Mormon Battalion Trails are two of the routes, The Interagency Task Force on the Nationwide System of Trails developed the qualifications which national scenic trails should possess. These criteria, approved by the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture in October 1969, require that national scenic trails include superior scenic, historical, natural, and cultural values. Furthermore, they should be of extended length and located so as to provide for maximum outdoor recreational opportunities and potential. Also, trails should be capable of promoting national interest and, so far as practical, be void of incompatible developments and activities that would detract from the natural and scenic conditions.