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Lords and Commons B.L., Harleian Ms INTRODUCTION TO THE SOURCES 33 resolution about the precedency of supply.1 Parliament thus appears as it did to contemporaries. It was a body of king, Lords, and Commons whose successful functioning depended on the coordina- tion of its parts. In detail and in general the diurnal reflects an informed view. LORDS AND COMMONS B.L., HARLEIAN MS. 4931 The journal of proceedings from the Short Parliament which appears in B.L., Harl. MS 4931 (fos 47r-49r; also marked as pp. 87- 91) has the material on each of its pages arranged in two columns, one for the Lords and one for the Commons. The entries are relatively brief although some speakers are mentioned and their arguments noted. The journalist appears to have had Puritan sympathies. Some of the men, such as 'Mr Grimston of Essex,' 'Mr Pim' and 'Sir Francis Seamer' [Seymour],2 whose contributions he records might be cited in almost any account of the Parliament, but others such as Sir William Masham and 'Sir Robert Harlowe' [Harley], are less likely inclusions.3 The reports of the Lords' disputes about Convoca- tion days,4 Bishop Hall's remarks in committee,5 the arrangements for the fast,6 the Dell incident,7 and the presentation of popish pictures to the Commons8 also suggest an interest in religion. When reporting the presentation of petitions from Middlesex, Suffolk, and Northamptonshire, the diarist refers to the reactions of the 'royal- ists'.9 His use of this term may be one example of its early applica- tion, but it may mean that he was writing the diary a year or more after the Parliament from sources available to him.10 This account may be another variation of the diurnal of which those used by Rossingham and described below are probably the standard type. Unlike the diurnal upon which the Worcester College manuscript was built, Harl. MS. 4931 is not always accurate or clear. The author does not demonstrate an understanding of parliamentary procedure. His comments 22-27 April about the king's demands for supply and the Commons' answers are not precise.11 The king knew of the Lower House's vote of 23 April but received no answer from 1 See below, Wore. Coll. fo 26V, p. 229. 2 Below, Harl. MS. 4931 fo 47, pp. 233-34. 3 Below, Ibid., p. 234. 4 Below, Ibid., p. 234. 5 Below, Harl. MS. 4931 fo 47V, p. 236. 6 Below, Ibid., p. 237. 7 Below, Ibid., p. 236. s Below, Harl. MS. 4931 fo 48, p. 238. 9 Below, Harl. MS. 4931 fo 47, p. 234. ™O.E.D. gives a date of 1643 for 'royalist', but see: D. H. Willson, The Privy Councillors in the House of Commons (Minneapolis, 1940), p. 123, n. 41. 11 Below, Harl. MS. 4931 fos 47^48, pp. 236-39 and notes. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.229, on 25 Sep 2021 at 00:00:40, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068690500005146 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORT PARLIAMENT the Commons about subsidies until 2 May, when they asked for more time. If he had received an answer, the question of privileges would not have arisen. His Majesty did not send to the Lower House but to the Lords on 24 April, and it was not the king but the Upper House that sent the Lord Keeper to the Commons on 25 April. The chro- nology is somewhat confused both during this period and for other days. On 15 April the Lower House, like the Upper, was involved in matters of formality.1 The Speaker was presented and other business was not done. The discussion of matters ecclesiastical noted for 20 April probably occurred on 21 April2 and the offer of twelve sub- sidies on 4 May instead of 2 May.3 There was no debate on 5 May.4 In addition to the journal for the Short Parliament Harl. MS. 4931 contains a journal for the Long Parliament similarly arranged, a description of the opening of the Short Parliament, copies of petitions to the Parliament,5 various parliamentary speeches, poetry about political and religious affairs, miscellaneous other items, many in the same hand. Some of the material in the volume can be associated with the Reverend John Gauden, one-time chaplain to the earl of Warwick and subsequently reputed author of Eikon Basilike, but there is no evidence for linking Gauden to the diary.6 Regardless of the identity of the author and although the details of its account of proceedings cannot be relied on, the sense of conflict which some contemporaries felt and observed in the Short Parliament is por- trayed effectively in this diary. STATE PAPERS, DOMESTIC The Domestic Series of State Papers in the Public Record Office includes various items concerning the Short Parliament. Some of the papers bear notations by Archbishop Laud and probably belonged to him;7 others are in Secretary Windebanke's hand and relate to the activities of the Privy Council.8 There are a number which deal with parliamentary elections.9 The newsletters and diurnals described below form another important group. Detailed reports on most items are entered in Calendars of State Papers, Domestic, 1630-40 1 Below, Harl. MS. 4931 fo 47, p. 233. 2 Below, Harl. MS. 4931 fo 47T, p. 235. 3 Below, Harl. MS. 4931 fo 49, p. 242. 4 Below, Ibid., p. 244. 5 For example, below, Petition, Essex (18 April), Harl. MS. 4931 fo 4ir, p. 275. 6 Christopher Thompson brought the Gauden material, such as that in fo 24"", to our attention. 7 For example, S.P. 16/441/113; S.P. 16/451/9 (below, Montague Papers, p. 2, 20 April n. 1, p. 99). 8 For example, below, S.P. 16/450/113, 16/452/9, pp. 290-91. 9 For example, Hastings (CSP 1640, pp. 2-3). Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.229, on 25 Sep 2021 at 00:00:40, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068690500005146 INTRODUCTION TO THE SOURCES 35 and 1640 (CSP 1639-40; CSP 1640), but notice of some papers is entirely omitted from the Calendars.1 CAPTAIN EDWARD ROSSINGHAM AND NEWS OF PARLIAMENT Rossingham, well known among contemporaries for his newsletters, was a collector and distributor of information. Both the sources he used and those he compiled testify to contemporary interest in parliamentary proceedings. Unfortunately only the broad outlines of his operations can be established. In return for a fee, 'not under twenty pounds per annum' according to one source, Rossingham wrote his clients weekly about events at home and abroad.2 Those who subscribed to his service included the earls of Northumberland and Salisbury, Lords Say and Brooke, Sir Christopher Egerton, Lord Scudamore, the friend and correspondent of Archbishop Laud who had been ambassador in France from 1634 until 1638, and Lord Conway, the General of the Horse and Deputy General of the Army. The letters to both Scudamore and Conway survive from the period of the Short Parliament. The former are preserved in the manuscript collections of the British Library (Add. MS. 11045); the latter are among the State Papers, Domestic Series, in the Public Record Office.3 (Lengthy reports appear in CSP 1640, pp. 76-79, 108-110). These newsletters contain detailed and usually accurate accounts of parliamentary proceedings. Although he rarely gave the complete versions of speeches, resolutions, or messages, Rossingham must frequently have had access to copies.4 The letters themselves tell little about his news-gathering procedure. He says, 'I hear ..." or 'it is said that .. .' without revealing more about his sources. His occasional confessions that he was unable to learn something, that information in a previous letter was erroneous or that he had not yet seen a specific document show that he was careful in collecting and transmitting information.5 Except when catering to the individual interests of his subscribers, 1 For example, below, S.P. 16/450/113, p. 290. 2 Bodl., Tanner MS. 65, fo 79V. A list of correspondents appears there too. 3 S.P. 16/450/88; S.P. 16/451/16; S.P. 16/451/57; S.P. 16/451/66; S.P. 16/452/20. The comments in Commons Debates, 1629, pp. xliv-xlv, need some revision. Copies of the letters of 12 and 19 May (S.P. 16/453/24 and B.L., Add. MS. 11045, fos u6r-i7T) appear in B.L., Sloane MS. 1467, fos io4r-io8r, io8r-nv. The Sloane MS. is a volume of miscellaneous extracts. It includes copies of letters from the period after 19 May but none for that of the Short Parliament. 4 See B.L., Add. MS. 11045, fos i05r-lO5v, 109v, n6r. 5 For example, see B.L., Add. MS. 11045, fos 95r, IO5T; but also see B.L , Add. MS. 11045, fo H5r, and Finch-Hatton MS., p. 57, below, p. 172, concern- ing Peard's speech. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.229, on 25 Sep 2021 at 00:00:40, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068690500005146 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SHORT PARLIAMENT his commentary about the events he reported was limited. Material seems to have been selected and presented with the recipient in mind.
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