DOCSLIB.ORG

British History After 1603 Stuarts James I 1603-1625 Charles I 1625-1649 Interregnum 1649-1660 Charles II 1660-1685 James

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

British History After 1603 Stuarts James I 1603-1625 Charles I 1625-1649 Interregnum 1649-1660 Charles II 1660-1685 James II 1685-1688 William and Mary 1688-1702 Anne 1702-1714 King’s Own Tonnage and poundage Morton’s Fork Privy Council Parliament bicameral House of Lords House of Commons Knights of shire burghesses borough 3 Common law courts Court of Exchequer Court of Common Pleas Court of the King’s Bench Prerogative Courts Star Chamber Court of High Commission Church of England Anglican episcopal Primogeniture Nobility Gentry Professional middle class Yeoman Common laborers THE STUART AGE 1603-1714 1. Stuarts embrace 4 generations James I to Anne 2. One king beheaded, one chased out, one restored, one called from abroad 3. Two revolutions 4. Decline in power of the monarchy Features of Stuart 1. Tug of war between monarch and Parliament 2. Struggles of the Church High Anglicans Low Anglicans 3. Reform Rise of newspapers Rise of political parties Use of public meetings 4. Unification of England and Scotland 5. Establ. Of a worldwide empire James I 1603-1625 Count and Countess Marr 1597 Trew Law of a Free Monarchy Divine Right Millenary Petition 1603 Hampton Court Conference 1604 Presbytery Act of Uniformity Gun Powder Plot Guy Fawkes and Richard Catesby m. Anne of Denmark Elizabeth Henry Charles Henrietta Maria Duke of Buckingham George Villiers Petition of 1621 Union Jack St George (England) and St. Andrew (Scotland) Calvin Case 1608 Post nati Ulster Lost Colony of Roanoke Sea Dogs Virginia Company Southern Virginia Company Northern Virginia Company Jamestown Plymouth Nova Scotia New Foundland Bermuda St Kitts Barbados Nevis Is. Gambia Spice Islands Dutch East Indies 33India Japan Goodwin-Fortesque Pigott Great Protestation Shirley Robert Carr Robert Cecil Villiers (Buckingham) First Parliament 1625 Sir Edward Coke Carr (Somerset) Edward Sandys John Eliot Huguenots La Rochelle John “King Pym” Dissolve suspend dispense Petition of 1621 Great Protestation Tonnage and poundage Robert Carr Earl of Somerset Robert Cecil George Villiers Duke of Buckingham Sir Edward Coke John Eliot La Rochelle 1st Parliament 1625 2nd Parliament 1626 Cadiz Earl of Bristol 5 Knights Case forced loan Habeas corpus Magna Carta 1215 Right of hospitality 3rd Parliament 1628 4th Parliament 1629 Petition of Rights 1628 Eliot’s Resolution 1629 1629-1640 Eleven Year Tyranny Royal forests City limits of London Monopolies Forced knighthood Distraint of knighthood 40 s Ship money John Hampden Exchequer Chamber 1636 Star Chamber and Court of High Commission Archbishop Laud The National Covenant 1638 Bishop’s War 1639 Short Parliament 1640 Long Parliament 1640-1660 Oliver Cromwell Edward Hyde Earl of Clarendon 1. Lay hands on the King’s ministers 2. 7 judges Hampden ship tax 3. Construct indep 4. Star Chamber and Ct of High Commis 5. Ship tax illegal/ t&p illegal Thomas Wentworth Earl of Strafford Bill of attainder Book of Sports Triennial Act 1641 3 years Grand Remonstrance 1641 Root and Branch Petition 1641 Congregationalists Militia Bill 1642 1st revol. Act Hampton Court 19 Propositions 1642 Nottingham Committee of Safety Cavaliers Royalists Roundheads “Puritan Revolt” Edgehill Treaty of Oxford 1642 Solemn League and Covenant 1643 Committee of Both Kingdoms 1644 Marston Moor 1644 Self-Denying Ordinance 1644 New Model Army Battle of Naseby 1645 Levellers Diggers Fifth Monarchy Men Ile of Wight Second Civil War 1648-49 Colonel Pride Prides Purge 1648 Rump Parliament 1648-1653 Commission of 134 Interregnum 1649-1660 Commonwealth 1649-1653 Protectorate 1653-1660 Treason Act Council of State Ireland Drogheda 1649 Wexford Ireton Cromwellian Settlement 1652 Scotland Dunbar Edinburgh Cromwellian Settlement Scotland 1651 Trade and Navigation Acts Anglo-Dutch Wars 1652-1654 Treaty of Westminster 1654 12 Apostles Nominated or “Barebones” Parliament Praise God Barebones Instrument of Government 1653 Lord Protector Advisory Council Puritan Repression 1655 Humble Petition and Device 1657 The Other House Richard Cromwell 1658-1660 “Tumble down Dick” General Monck Restoration 1660 Convention Parliament Declaration of Breda 1660 Charles II 1660-1685 Catharine of Braganza Nell Gwynn Christopher Wren Regiscides 1.2 mil pounds “Civil List” Clarendon Codes 1660 1. Corporation Act 2. Act of Uniformity Book of Common Prayer 3. Conventicles Act 4. 5 mile Act 5. Test Act 1673 Declaration of Indulgence 1672 transubstantiation 6. Test Act 1678 Succession Exclusion Question 1679 1st Exclusion Bill Prorogue 1680 2nd Exclusion Bill Duke of Monmouth Lucy Walters Black Box Theory Secret Treaty of Dover Political Parties Parl v. King Whigs Tories Popish Plot 1678 Titus Oates JP Godfrey CABAL Ministerial responsibility Earl of Clarendon Earl of Danby James II 1685-1688 Monmouth Rebellion 1685 John Churchill Judge Jeffreys “Bloody Assizes” Alice Lisle Court of Ecclesiastical Commission Hales Case 1686 Exchequer Chamber Declarations of Indulgences (2) 1687 1688 Archbishop Sancroft Mary of Modena “warming pan theory” Glorious Revolution or Bloodless Revolution 1688 Mary Stuart William of Orange “Protestant Wind” NOV. 5, 1688 Convention Parliament Glorious Revolution Settlement Extreme Tories Moderate Tories Left wing Lord Protector Middle of the Road Declaration of Rights Bill of Rights 1689 John Locke Social Contract theory Succession Act 1689 Succession Act 1701 Sophie of Hanover First Act of Toleration 1696 Treason Act 2 witnesses to the same overt act Triennial Act 1694 Scottish Settlement Scottish Estates Highlanders MacDonald Tryconnel Londonderry Orange Men Boyne War of the League of Augsburg 1689-1697 Ryswick James III “The Old Pretender” Jacobites “Queen’s Evil” “Anne’s Bounty” John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough Sidney Godolphin Lord Treasurer Sarah Churchill Sunderland Mrs. Masham Harley Earl of Oxford The Sacherverelle Case 1709 St. John “The October Club” War of Spanish Succession 1701-1714 Battle of Blenheim 1708-1709 The great Frost “Profitas Albion” Treaty of Utrecht 1713-1714 Asiento Darien Case Act of Union 1707 Great Britain Eng, Ire, Scot, wales .
Recommended publications
  • "This Court Doth Keep All England in Quiet": Star Chamber and Public Expression in Prerevolutionary England, 1625–1641 Nathaniel A

    "This Court Doth Keep All England in Quiet": Star Chamber and Public Expression in Prerevolutionary England, 1625–1641 Nathaniel A

    Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 8-2018 "This Court Doth Keep All England in Quiet": Star Chamber and Public Expression in Prerevolutionary England, 1625–1641 Nathaniel A. Earle Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Recommended Citation Earle, Nathaniel A., ""This Court Doth Keep All England in Quiet": Star Chamber and Public Expression in Prerevolutionary England, 1625–1641" (2018). All Theses. 2950. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2950 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "THIS COURT DOTH KEEP ALL ENGLAND IN QUIET" STAR CHAMBER AND PUBLIC EXPRESSION IN PREREVOLUTIONARY ENGLAND 1625–1641 A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts History by Nathaniel A. Earle August 2018 Accepted by: Dr. Caroline Dunn, Committee Chair Dr. Alan Grubb Dr. Lee Morrissey ABSTRACT The abrupt legislative destruction of the Court of Star Chamber in the summer of 1641 is generally understood as a reaction against the perceived abuses of prerogative government during the decade of Charles I’s personal rule. The conception of the court as an ‘extra-legal’ tribunal (or as a legitimate court that had exceeded its jurisdictional mandate) emerges from the constitutional debate about the limits of executive authority that played out over in Parliament, in the press, in the pulpit, in the courts, and on the battlefields of seventeenth-century England.
  • Judicial Interference with Litigation in Other Courts

    Judicial Interference with Litigation in Other Courts

    Volume 74 Issue 3 Dickinson Law Review - Volume 74, 1969-1970 3-1-1970 Judicial Interference with Litigation in Other Courts Edward Dumbauld Follow this and additional works at: https://ideas.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/dlra Recommended Citation Edward Dumbauld, Judicial Interference with Litigation in Other Courts, 74 DICK. L. REV. 369 (1970). Available at: https://ideas.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/dlra/vol74/iss3/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews at Dickinson Law IDEAS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dickinson Law Review by an authorized editor of Dickinson Law IDEAS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Judicial Interference with Litigation in Other Courts EDWARD DUMBAULD* I. Introduction II. Summary of Frick v. Stevens III. Instances Where Courts Will Interfere with Pending Litigation A. Early Common Law and Its Conflict with the Ecclesiasti- cal Courts B. Early Common Law and Its Conflict with the Jurisdiction of Equity Courts C. Injuctive Relief from Pending Litigation Today IV. The Federal-State Court Dichotomy and its Effect on Injunc- tive Relief from Pending Litigation V. Conclusion I. INTRODUCTION A shudder of dismay ran through academic and publishing circles, especially among historians, when on January 19, 1965, Miss Helen Clay Frick, daughter of Henry Clay Frick, nineteenth century industrial tycoon, sued Dr. Sylvester K. Stevens, distin- guished historian of Pennsylvania,' in the Court of Common Pleas *A.B. 1926, Princeton; LL.B. 1929, LL.M. 1930, Harvard; Doctor of Law, 1932, University of Leyden, The Netherlands. Author of THE DEC- LARATION'OF INDEPENDENCE AND WHAT IT MEANs TODAY (1950); THE BILL or RIGHTS AND WHAT IT MEANS TODAY (1957); THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES (1964); and other books and articles on historical and le- gal subjects.
  • A-Level History, HIS1D: Stuart Britain and the Crisis of Monarchy 1603-1702 Absolutism Challenged: Britain 1603-49 Section 2: Revolution 1629-1649

    A-Level History, HIS1D: Stuart Britain and the Crisis of Monarchy 1603-1702 Absolutism Challenged: Britain 1603-49 Section 2: Revolution 1629-1649

    A-Level History, HIS1D: Stuart Britain and the Crisis of Monarchy 1603-1702 Absolutism Challenged: Britain 1603-49 Section 2: Revolution 1629-1649. Part 1: 1629-1642 KEY TOPIC AREAS 1629-42: KEY TOPIC AREAS 1629-42: Divisions over Religion: Arminianism and Laudianism; Puritanism, and Millenarianism Political divisions in Personal rule: Short Parliament • Arminianism and Laudianism • The Short Parliament • Puritanism • Continued Opposition in 1640 • The emergence of Millenarianism Political divisions • The Long Parliament. Political divisions in Personal rule: Finance • The leadership and importance of John Pym. • Fiscal policy used in Personal rule Causes of the English Civil War • The opposition that it caused • Events culminating in the outbreak of the Civil War. Political divisions in Personal rule: Scotland • Policies in Scotland • The Crisis of 1637-42 • The extent of Opposition Political divisions in Personal rule: Ireland • Policies in Ireland • The Crisis of 1637-42 • The extent of Opposition A-Level History, HIS1D: Stuart Britain and the Crisis of Monarchy 1603-1702 Absolutism Challenged: Britain 1603-49 Section 2: Revolution 1629-1649. Part 1: 1629-1642 KEY WORDS KEY INDIVIDUALS Articles of Perth: had been forced through the Scottish Kirk in 1618. They were a set of Charles Stuart: ruled as Charles I 1625-1649 commands outlining religious practices. To Presbyterians, the commands seemed like William Laud: a key Arminian cleric who became the Archbishop of Canterbury in Catholicism 1633 and made changes to the Anglican Church Bill of Attainder: medieval method which allowed anyone who was seen as a threat to the Henrietta Maria: Catholic wife of Charles I, she aroused suspicion of a Catholic state t be removed by Parliament without formal trial conversion of the King and the court Book of Sports: originally produced by James in 1618.
  • I the Committee of Safety

    I the Committee of Safety

    .· (~. ll II Ii ) ' THE COMMITTEE OF SAFETY. 11 "A thesis submitted to the ,, faculty of the Graduate School of the University of • Minnesota by Etheleen Frances ;emp in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ii degree of Master of Arts, May 5, 1911. 1;1 I Ii II Ii 11 ' :S I:BLI OGRAPHY. l. Source Material 1. Journals of the House of Lords, vol. V and VI. Journals of the House of Commons, vol. II and III. These contain the greater portion of the material on the Committee of Safety. 2. Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts. London, 1874 etc. These volumes contain here and there a com­ munication to or from the Committee of Safety but have much less material that might be expected. References found:- 4th Report p 262. 5th Report pp. 48, 54, 56, 63, 65, 69, 80, 107, 114. 7th Report pp. 550-588. 10th Report App. 6 pp. 87-88. 13th Report App. 1 p. 104. 3. Calendar of State Papers. Domestic 1641-1644 London, 1887-8 lla.ny order for military supplies are given in the State Papers but not in full. 4. Rushworth,John, Historical collections, 8 vol. London, 1682-1701. Compilation of declarations and proclamations. Vol. 3 and 7 contain material on the Committee. They contain valuable proclamations of the King which cannot be found elsewhere. 5. Somers, Lord. Tracts, 13 vol. London, 1809-1815. Has several remonstrances of value. ){) 1 ~ ( ' ,.... 6. Whitacre. Diary Add. M S S 31, 116, fol. Had notes from first six months of the Committee period especially.
  • Oliver Cromwell and the Regicides

    Oliver Cromwell and the Regicides

    OLIVER CROMWELL AND THE REGICIDES By Dr Patrick Little The revengers’ tragedy known as the Restoration can be seen as a drama in four acts. The first, third and fourth acts were in the form of executions of those held responsible for the ‘regicide’ – the killing of King Charles I on 30 January 1649. Through October 1660 ten regicides were hanged, drawn and quartered, including Charles I’s prosecutor, John Cooke, republicans such as Thomas Scot, and religious radicals such as Thomas Harrison. In April 1662 three more regicides, recently kidnapped in the Low Countries, were also dragged to Tower Hill: John Okey, Miles Corbett and John Barkstead. And in June 1662 parliament finally got its way when the arch-republican (but not strictly a regicide, as he refused to be involved in the trial of the king) Sir Henry Vane the younger was also executed. In this paper I shall consider the careers of three of these regicides, one each from these three sets of executions: Thomas Harrison, John Okey and Sir Henry Vane. What united these men was not their political views – as we shall see, they differed greatly in that respect – but their close association with the concept of the ‘Good Old Cause’ and their close friendship with the most controversial regicide of them all: Oliver Cromwell. The Good Old Cause was a rallying cry rather than a political theory, embodying the idea that the civil wars and the revolution were in pursuit of religious and civil liberty, and that they had been sanctioned – and victory obtained – by God.
  • Topic Key Foci Suggested Tasks/ Homework Information the Political

    Topic Key Foci Suggested Tasks/ Homework Information the Political

    Topic Key Foci Suggested Tasks/ Homework Information The Political Nation and the social What was the Political Nation? Mind map THE POLITICAL NATION: The Pages 1-8 basis of power Social basis of power Monarch, Basis of Power, Political Importance of land ownership and rival forms of Nation Revision Guide Page 6 wealth James I and Charles I: character, Characters of James and Charles Produce a table showing the Pages 9-16 court and favourites Shape and style of monarchies- each monarchs views differences in James and Charles’ view Favourites especially Buckingham on monarchy Revision Guide Pages 7-9 19. Crown and Political Nation, 1604-1640 The finances of the Crown and Financial weaknesses of the Crown- causes Construct a timeline from 1603-1629 Pages 17-26 attempts at reform Attempts to reform and strengthen royal finances that shows all attempts by both kings during James’ reign to reform and improve crown finances- Revision Guide Pages 10-13 Great Contract colour code successes in green and Attempts to reform and strengthen royal finances failures in red during Charles reign Forced Loan Religion and religious divisions Challenges to James’ church from Catholics Mind map JAMES I AND RELIGION: Pages 27-36 Challenges to James’ church from Puritans Puritans, Scottish Kirk, Catholics Hampton Court Conference Revision Guide Pages 14-17 Bancroft’s Canons Mind map RELIGIOUS ISSUES UNDER Development of Arminianism CHARLES: Charles’ religious views, 18. Street Wars of Religion: Puritans and Charles’ favouring of Arminianism
  • The First Green Jackets? by Roy Bailey

    The First Green Jackets? by Roy Bailey

    The First Green Jackets? by Roy Bailey All the histories of the former regiments which make up the Royal Green Jackets tell us that they were formed in the middle to later years of the 18th century. As a new recruit to the 1st Bn. the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (43rd & 52nd) in late 1954, I was not only trained to march at 140 paces to the minute and to carry my rifle at the trail, but I was also instilled with a pride in the regiment’s long and illustrious history. Indeed, I still have my copy of Col. Crosse’s A Short History… for the Young Soldiers of the Regiment, which was issued to all recruits, together with the programme of the Ceremonial Parade held at Osnabrück in October 1955 to mark the bicentenary of the 52nd. If my memory serves me correctly at a distance of nearly half a century, I was a member of the No. 1 (Escort) Company under Major Dennis Fox that day. But over the past few years I have often wondered if the spiritual and territorial origins of the Oxford and Bucks don’t go back a lot further - to the time of the English Civil War. As a boy I was proud of the fact that I was born and brought up in Buckinghamshire, and learned to cherish the history and traditions of that county. Listening to an episode of ‘Children’s Hour’ at the age of 9, I learned of a fellow countryman from the 17th century whom I have studied and admired ever since.
  • The English Civil Wars a Beginner’S Guide

    The English Civil Wars a Beginner’S Guide

    The English Civil Wars A Beginner’s Guide Patrick Little A Oneworld Paperback Original Published in North America, Great Britain and Australia by Oneworld Publications, 2014 Copyright © Patrick Little 2014 The moral right of Patrick Little to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted by him/her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved Copyright under Berne Convention A CIP record for this title is available from the British Library ISBN 9781780743318 eISBN 9781780743325 Typeset by Siliconchips Services Ltd, UK Printed and bound in Denmark by Nørhaven A/S Oneworld Publications 10 Bloomsbury Street London WC1B 3SR England Stay up to date with the latest books, special offers, and exclusive content from Oneworld with our monthly newsletter Sign up on our website www.oneworld-publications.com Contents Preface vii Map of the English Civil Wars, 1642–51 ix 1 The outbreak of war 1 2 ‘This war without an enemy’: the first civil war, 1642–6 17 3 The search for settlement, 1646–9 34 4 The commonwealth, 1649–51 48 5 The armies 66 6 The generals 82 7 Politics 98 8 Religion 113 9 War and society 126 10 Legacy 141 Timeline 150 Further reading 153 Index 157 Preface In writing this book, I had two primary aims. The first was to produce a concise, accessible account of the conflicts collectively known as the English Civil Wars. The second was to try to give the reader some idea of what it was like to live through that trau- matic episode.
  • 1 the NAVY in the ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Submitted by Michael James

    1 the NAVY in the ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Submitted by Michael James

    1 THE NAVY IN THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Submitted by Michael James Lea-O’Mahoney, to the University of Exeter, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in September 2011. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. 2 ABSTRACT This thesis is concerned chiefly with the military role of sea power during the English Civil War. Parliament’s seizure of the Royal Navy in 1642 is examined in detail, with a discussion of the factors which led to the King’s loss of the fleet and the consequences thereafter. It is concluded that Charles I was outmanoeuvred politically, whilst Parliament’s choice to command the fleet, the Earl of Warwick, far surpassed him in popularity with the common seamen. The thesis then considers the advantages which control of the Navy provided for Parliament throughout the war, determining that the fleet’s protection of London, its ability to supply besieged outposts and its logistical support to Parliamentarian land forces was instrumental in preventing a Royalist victory. Furthermore, it is concluded that Warwick’s astute leadership went some way towards offsetting Parliament’s sporadic neglect of the Navy. The thesis demonstrates, however, that Parliament failed to establish the unchallenged command of the seas around the British Isles.
  • I. Remembrances, 1671–1714

    I. Remembrances, 1671–1714

    I. REMEMBRANCES, 1671-1714 [fol. 46V] Some few remembrances of my misfortuns have attended me in my unhappy life since I were marryed, which was November the 14., i6yi £67!, Novembr £4 Thursday, Novembr 14, i67i, and Childermas Day, I was privatly marryed to Mr Percy Frek by Doctter Johnson in Coven Garden, my Lord Russells chaplin, in London, to my second cosin, eldest son to Captain Arthur Frek and grandson to Mr William Frek, the only brother of Sir Thomas Frek of Dorsettshiere, who was my grandfather, and his son Mr Ralph Frek [was] my own deer father.1 And my mother was Sir Thomas Cullpepers daughter of Hollingburne in Kentt; her name was Cicelia Cullpeper. Affter being six or 7 years engaged to Mr Percy Freke, I was in a most grievous rainy, wett day marryed withoutt the knowledg or consentt of my father or any friend in London, as above. 1672, Jully 26 Being Thursday, I were againe remaned by my deer father by Doctter Uttram att St Margaretts Church in Westminster by a licence att least fowre years in Mr Freks pocttett and in a griveous tempestious, stormy day for wind as the above for raigne.21 were given by my deer father, Ralph Frek, Esqr, and the eldest of his fowre ' The Registers of St. Paul's Church, Covent Garden, London, ed. William H. Hunt, Harleian Society, 35 (1907), 49, indicates they were married on 14 November 1672. Freke confirms the 1671 date in an entry she adds to the West Bilney register and in her miscellaneous documents (below, p.
  • Humphreys, a L, Some Sources of History for the Monmouth Rebellion

    Humphreys, a L, Some Sources of History for the Monmouth Rebellion

    ^ome Sources of ^i0totp for titz ^onmoutl) IRetiellion anO tU TBlooDg 3001500, BY A. L. HUMPHREYS. P to the present too mucli historical importance has been attached to the various printed Martyrologies and Assize books. Those who are curious about such matters, will have noticed, if they have made any bibliographical com- parisons, that there are a number of different printed accounts of the proceedings which were taken against the rebels during the Bloody Assizes. These all contain lists, more or less full, of the names of those who were tried and suffered death, or who were pardoned or transported. I do not know that any comparison with any finality in result has ever been printed respecting the differences which exist between these several lists as they appear in the Assize books. What was probably the first of these, and at any rate the best known, is The Bloody Assizes. This was not issued until 1689, four years after the events which it detailed, and when its origin is known you will probably feel less inclined than you may have been hitherto to regard this, or any of these Assize Martyrologies, as at all authentic. The Bloody Assizes, London' 1689, owed its existence to .John Dunton, the famous and eccentric publisher of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Dunton was no donbt assisted by .Jolin Tutchin, a man who was no better than a cheaj) penny-a-liner of the day. The author of the “ Life , The Monmouth Rebellion. 313 and Errors ” had been at Amsterdam when Monmouth was there and took some interest in his career, but as soon as Monmouth was defeated, he left England for America.
  • Rockford Common Trail the Rockford Miles

    Rockford Common Trail the Rockford Miles

    Rockford Common Trail The Rockford Miles A C Pillow Mounds 4 5 B 3 Rockford Common 1 2 10 6 Rockford Little Whitemoor 9 Bottom 7 Bigsburn Hill 8 KEY Trail route Highwood Access route Footpath Brook Roads 1.7 – 2.5 miles / 45 minutes – 1.5 hours Woodland Trail route summary Buildings This trail has two routes, the main routes takes in a southern section (on unsurfaced 1 Stop spots rights of way with some gates and stiles), the other (shorter) route is via surfaced A Points of interest tracks. This route is more accessible for those with reduced mobility and/or making use of a ‘Tramper’ like mobility scooters. Parking Trail Stats: Access Circular Trail length 1.7 miles (2.7km) 2.5 miles (4km) Time to walk trail 45 minutes 1.5 hour Starting point of trail National Trust Car Park, Rockford Common. Car parking National Trust Car Park, Rockford Common Grid reference – SU164083. Terrain (hilliness) Mostly flat with a couple of Mostly flat with several steeper steeper sections. sections. Surface type/s Well-made gravel tracks Well-made gravel tracks and more minor grass and gravel tracks. Stiles / gates information One barrier passable by buggies/ Some stiles, gates. wheelchairs. Notes Do check yourself for ticks on your return to the car. Accessibility It is possible to follow a shorter Access route on well-made gravel tracks (although some Stop Spots require a short walk of the tracks). The extended circular route continues further south on more minor grass and gravel tracks where there are some gradients and has stiles and gates.