Earth's atmospheric layers
Earth's atmospheric layers Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Earth's atmospheric layers
Source: licencja: CC 0, [online], dostępny w internecie: www.pixabay.pl.
Link to the lesson
Before you start you should know
what the place of the atmosphere is in relation to the lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and pedosphere; that the Earth's atmosphere is the part of the Earth and moves with it.
You will learn
explain the term „atmosphere”; name gases that form the air and their percentage share; name permanent and variable components of atmospheric air; name the layers of the atmosphere; discuss the role of the ozone layer; characterize the effects of the ozone hole and the greenhouse effect.
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie abstraktu
What layers is the atmosphere built of?
In the Earth's atmosphere we distinguish 5 main layers characterized by specific features and 4 intermediate layers called pauses. The boundaries between them are conventional and change depending on the geographical latitude, terrain and season of the year.
The closest one to the surface of the earth is the troposphere. Its thickness ranges from 7 km (in winter) to 10 km (in summer) above the poles, and 15‐18 km above the equator. The main feature that allows determining the boundary of the troposphere is the drop in the air temperature with an increase of about 0,6°C per 100 m. In the upper layer of the troposphere, the temperature reaches -55°C (above arctic regions) to -70°C (above equatorial regions).
Above this layer there is a thin tropopause with the constant temperature, and above it there is the stratosphere extending up to a height of about 50 km, in which the air temperature rises to reach 0°C. In the stratosphere there is the ozonosphere – a layer with an increased content of ozone (oxygen in the form of triatomic particles), which reaches the highest concentration at a height of 25‐30 km. It plays a very important role – it protects the Earth against the lethal ultraviolet radiation emitted by the Sun. At the upper boundary of the stratosphere, a few‐kilometre thick stratopause, the temperature is constant.
The next layer is the mesosphere reaching up to around 80 km, in which the temperature constantly decreases down to -70°C and even -100°C. Above the mesopause there is a layer called the thermosphere with a rising temperature of up to 1000°C, and at a height of 500‐600 km, even up to 1500°C. Above its upper boundary – thermopause – there is the exosphere in which the very low‐density air temperature begins to drop down to -273°C in cosmic space. The upper boundary of the exosphere is difficult to be determined.
As the height increases, the atmospheric pressure drops. From approximately 1000 hPa hectopascals at the sea level through 200 hPa at the boundary with the tropopause, 1 hPa at the boundary of the stratopause, up to 0.000 001 hPa in the exosphere.
Exercise 1
Where is the ozone layer located? Describe the appearances in each of the layers.
Earth's atmospheric layers Source: scied.ucar.edu, GroMar Sp. z o.o., Earth's atmospheric layers, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Task 1
Think for a while and explain the reason why the layer thickness of the atmosphere above the poles is smaller than above the equator. Exercise 2
Match the informa on to the appropriate atmospheric layer.
It has the ozonosphere that plays a very important role in protec ng the Earth against the ultraviolet radia on emi ed by the Sun., It is located up to a height of 80 km., It is the closest layer to the Earth's surface., The temperature therein constantly decreases and reaches even -270 degrees Celsius., The outer layer of the atmosphere. The temperature increases with increasing height. In this sphere, the aurora phenomenon occurs.
Troposphere
Exosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Stratosphere
Exercise 3
Check the composi on of atmosphere layers in available sources. The fixed components of atmospheric air are:
nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour, hydrogen, argon, ozone, helium, methane argon, neon, nitrogen, hydrogen, methane, helium, krypton, oxygen carbon dioxide, ozone, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen, methane, helium, krypton, oxygen Observa on 1
Prac sing the ability to measure atmospheric air pressure.
Finding the magnitude of atmospheric pressure at the Earth's surface.
Understanding pressure variability in the lower tropospheric layers.
You will need
barometer.
Mechanical barometer, spring, so-called aneroid Source: licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Instruc on
1. Read the barometer reading, giving the correct pressure unit.
2. Read the extreme possible barometer readings, which probably exceed the range of atmospheric pressure in Poland near the Earth's surface. Task 2
How the barometer works?
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
Source: licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Film prezentujący jak w domowych warunkach zrobić barometr, barometer. Na otwór pustego słoika założona zostaje guma wycięta z balonu i umocowana gumką recepturką. Do gumy przyklejona zostaje wykałaczka. Tak skonstruowany barometr zostaje postawiony przy kartonie, na którym flamastrem oznaczone zostaje wskazanie. W zależności od wzrostu lub spadku ciśnienia wskazówka uniesie się lub opuści.
Important!
Atmospheric pressure can be measured both indoors and outdoors, because only few rooms (e.g. balloons covering tennis courts) are so tight that they can create a pressure different from the natural atmospheric pressure that is above a given area at the same time.
Exercise 4
Review out the effects of the ozone hole and the greenhouse effect. Summary
Atmospheric air consists of approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, less than 1% argon and dozens of other components. Most air constituents are present in fixed proportions, only the content of water vapour and carbon dioxide, and some impurities changes quite clearly in time and space. The atmosphere is composed of 5 main layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exospheres, and 4 transition layers: tropopause, stratopause, mesopause, and thermopause. The air temperature changes depending on the atmosphere layer: it decreases in the troposphere, increases in the stratosphere, decreases in the mesosphere, increases significantly in the thermosphere, and decreases significantly in the exosphere. The air temperature near the Earth's surface depends on many different natural factors and on human activity.
Keywords atmosphere, air, spheres
Glossary
ozone hole
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl
Nagranie słówka: ozone hole
dziura ozonowa - zjawisko spadku stężenia ozonu w stratosferze atmosfery ziemskiej. Do powierzchni Ziemi dociera większa ilość promieniowania nadfiloetowgo (UV), czego następstwem jest: większa zachorowalność na raka skóry, uszkodzenia wzroku, osłabienia odporności, niszczenie planktonu. Lesson plan (Polish)
Temat: Z jakich warstw zbudowana jest atmosfera?
Autor: Magdalena Jankun
Adresat
Uczeń klasy I liceum ogólnokształcącego i technikum, zakres rozszerzony
Podstawa programowa
Zakres rozszerzony
III. Dynamika procesów atmosferycznych i hydrologicznych: pionowa budowa atmosfery, zjawiska i procesy w atmosferze, przestrzenne zróżnicowanie elementów klimatu, strefy klimatyczne i typy klimatów, ruchy wody morskiej, źródła i wody podziemne, ustroje rzeczne, typy jezior.
Uczeń:
1. Wykazuje związek między budową atmosfery a zjawiskami i procesami meteorologicznymi.
Cel lekcji
Uczniowie omówią warstwy atmosfery oraz wyjaśnisz przyczyny efektu cieplarnianego.
Kryteria sukcesu
wyjaśnisz termin „atmosfera”; rozróżnisz gazy wchodzące w skład powietrza oraz przedstawisz ich procentowy udział; scharakteryzujesz stałe i zmienne składniki powietrza atmosferycznego; opiszesz warstwy atmosfery; omówisz rolę, jaką pełni warstwa ozonowa; scharakteryzujesz skutki dziury ozonowej i efektu cieplarnianego.
Kompetencje kluczowe
porozumiewanie się w języku ojczystym; porozumiewanie się w języku obcym; umiejętność uczenia się; kompetencje informatyczne.
Metody/formy pracy
z wykorzystaniem narzędzi TIK; praca z materiałem edukacyjnym oraz multimedialnymi na platformie e‐podręcznika; praca indywidualna, w parach i całego zespołu klasowego.
Środki dydaktyczne
e‐podręcznik do nauczania geografii; tablica interaktywna; rzutnik multimedialny; tablety/komputery.
Przebieg lekcji
Przed lekcją
Uczniowie zapoznają się ze wstępną treścią abstraktu oraz z mapą interaktywną przedstawiającą warstwy atmosfery w domu (odwrócona lekcja). Na podstawie poznanych informacji oraz dodatkowych wiadomości uczniowie mają przygotować krótkie prezentacje na temat zjawisk zachodzących w poszczególnych warstwach atmosfery.
Faza wstępna
1. Nauczyciel rozpoczyna lekcję od prezentacji prac uczniów. Przeznacza na to ok. 15 minut. 2. Po zakończonych prezentacjach nauczyciel krótko podsumowuje przedstawione informacje. Zwraca uwagę uczniów na temperaturę panującą w każdej z warstw.
Faza realizacyjna
1. Nauczyciel podkreśla, że atmosfera to powłoka Ziemi stanowiąca mieszaninę gazów zwaną powietrzem. Jest najważniejszą powłoką ochronną Ziemi, gdyż zabezpiecza przed szkodliwym promieniowaniem kosmicznym, czyli strumieniem protonów, elektronów i ciężkich jąder atomowych. Chroni przed meteoroidami, które docierają do jej górnych warstw i w zdecydowanej większości ulegają spalaniu. 2. Uczniowie odpowiadają na pytanie w abstrakcie: Zastanów się i wyjaśnij przyczynę, dla której grubość warstw atmosfery nad biegunami jest mniejsza niż nad równikiem. Uczniowie w parach dyskutują, a następnie zapisują swoje wyjaśnienia. Wskazane pary omawiają swoje opracowania na forum. 3. Ćwiczenie interaktywne: łączenie tekstu w pary. Dopasuj informacje do nazwy odpowiedniej warstwy atmosfery. Uczniowie w kolejności podchodzą do tablicy interaktywnej i wykonują zadanie. 4. Dokonanie pomiaru ciśnienia atmosferycznego za pomocą barometru. Nauczyciel wyjaśnia działanie barometru i pokazuje, jak prawidłowo odczytać wysokość ciśnienia. Kilkoro uczniów dokonuje pomiarów samodzielnie. 5. Uczniowie wraz z nauczycielem oglądają film przedstawiający sposób wykonania domowego barometru. Nauczyciel omawia uzyskane za pomocą tego urządzenia przykładowe wyniki. Zadaje pracę domową dla chętnych uczniów: wykonaj w domu samodzielnie barometr i odczytaj zmiany ciśnienia atmosferycznego przez kilka dni. Zanotuj wyniki. 6. Ćwiczenie interaktywne: zaznacz elementy znajdujące się w poprawnym wierszu (stałe składniki powietrza atmosferycznego). Wskazanie ucznia do pracy na tablicy multimedialnej.
Faza podsumowująca
1. Na zakończenie zajęć nauczyciel podaje uczniom treść zadania domowego: opracuj skutki powstania dziury ozonowej i efektu cieplarnianego. Pracę można przedstawić w dowolnej formie.
2. Nauczyciel ocenia pracę uczniów na lekcji, doceniając ich wkład i zaangażowanie.
W tej lekcji zostaną użyte m.in. następujące pojęcia oraz nagrania
Pojęcia
ozone hole
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl
Nagranie słówka: ozone hole
dziura ozonowa - zjawisko spadku stężenia ozonu w stratosferze atmosfery ziemskiej. Do powierzchni Ziemi dociera większa ilość promieniowania nadfiloetowgo (UV), czego następstwem jest: większa zachorowalność na raka skóry, uszkodzenia wzroku, osłabienia odporności, niszczenie planktonu.
Teksty i nagrania
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie abstraktu
Earth's atmospheric layers
In the Earth's atmosphere we distinguish 5 main layers characterized by specific features and 4 intermediate layers called pauses. The boundaries between them are conventional and change depending on the geographical latitude, terrain and season of the year.
The closest one to the surface of the earth is the troposphere. Its thickness ranges from 7 km (in winter) to 10 km (in summer) above the poles, and 15‐18 km above the equator. The main feature that allows determining the boundary of the troposphere is the drop in the air temperature with an increase of about 0,6°C per 100 m. In the upper layer of the troposphere, the temperature reaches -55°C (above arctic regions) to -70°C (above equatorial regions).
Above this layer there is a thin tropopause with the constant temperature, and above it there is the stratosphere extending up to a height of about 50 km, in which the air temperature rises to reach 0°C. In the stratosphere there is the ozonosphere – a layer with an increased content of ozone (oxygen in the form of triatomic particles), which reaches the highest concentration at a height of 25‐30 km. It plays a very important role – it protects the Earth against the lethal ultraviolet radiation emitted by the Sun. At the upper boundary of the stratosphere, a few‐kilometre thick stratopause, the temperature is constant.
The next layer is the mesosphere reaching up to around 80 km, in which the temperature constantly decreases down to -70°C and even -100°C. Above the mesopause there is a layer called the thermosphere with a rising temperature of up to 1000°C, and at a height of 500‐600 km, even up to 1500°C. Above its upper boundary – thermopause – there is the exosphere in which the very low‐density air temperature begins to drop down to -273°C in cosmic space. The upper boundary of the exosphere is difficult to be determined.
As the height increases, the atmospheric pressure drops. From approximately 1000 hPa hectopascals at the sea level through 200 hPa at the boundary with the tropopause, 1 hPa at the boundary of the stratopause, up to 0.000 001 hPa in the exosphere.
Atmospheric air consists of approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, less than 1% argon and dozens of other components. Most air constituents are present in fixed proportions, only the content of water vapour and carbon dioxide, and some impurities changes quite clearly in time and space. The atmosphere is composed of 5 main layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exospheres, and 4 transition layers: tropopause, stratopause, mesopause, and thermopause. The air temperature changes depending on the atmosphere layer: it decreases in the troposphere, increases in the stratosphere, decreases in the mesosphere, increases significantly in the thermosphere, and decreases significantly in the exosphere. The air temperature near the Earth's surface depends on many different natural factors and on human activity. Lesson plan (English)
Topic: What layers is the atmosphere built of?
Author: Magdalena Jankun
Target group
First‐grade high school and technical school student, extended programme
Core curriculum
Extended programme
III. Dynamics of atmospheric and hydrological processes: vertical structure of the atmosphere, phenomena and processes in the atmosphere, spatial diversity of climate elements, climate zones and types of climates, movements of sea water, sources and groundwater, river systems, types of lakes.
Student:
1. Shows relationship between the structure of atmosphere and meteorological phenomena and processes.
Purpose of the lesson
You will discuss the atmosphere layers and explain the causes of the greenhouse effect.
Criteria of success
You will explain the term „atmosphere”; name gases that form the air and their percentage share; name permanent and variable components of atmospheric air; name the layers of the atmosphere; discuss the role of the ozone layer; characterize the effects of the ozone hole and the greenhouse effect.
Key competences
communication in the mother tongue; communication in a foreign language; learning to learn; digital competence.
Methods / forms of work using ICT tools; activity with educational material and multimedia on the e‐textbook platform; individual activity, activity in pairs, and collective activity.
Teaching aids
e‐textbook for teaching geography; interactive whiteboard; multimedia projector; tablets/computers.
Lesson plan overview
Before lesson
The students get familiar with the initial content of the abstract and with an interactive map showing the atmospheric layers at home (flipped lesson). Based on the information learnt and additional messages, the students are to prepare short presentations about the phenomena occurring in particular layers of the atmosphere.
Before classes
1. The teacher begins the lesson with the students’ presentations. This takes about 15 minutes. 2. After the presentations, the teacher briefly summarizes the information provided. The teacher draws the students' attention to the temperature prevailing in each layer.
Realization
1. The teacher emphasizes that the atmosphere is the Earth's coating that is a mixture of gases called the air. It is the most important protective layer of the Earth, because it protects against harmful cosmic radiation, i.e. a stream of protons, electrons and heavy atomic nuclei. It protects against meteoroids that reach its upper layers and most of them are burnt. 2. The students answer the question in the abstract: Think for a while and explain the reason why the layer thickness of the atmosphere above the poles is smaller than above the equator. The students discuss in pairs and then write down their explanations. The selected pairs discuss their conclusions on the class forum. 3. Interactive exercise: matching texts. Match the information to the name of the appropriate atmospheric layer. The students approach the interactive whiteboard one by one and carry out the task. 4. Measuring atmospheric pressure using a barometer. The teacher explains how the barometer works and shows how to read the pressure correctly. Several students make measurements themselves. 5. The students and the teacher watch a film showing how to make a barometer at home. The teacher discusses the results obtained with the help of this device. The teacher gives homework to keen students: make a barometer at home and measure change the air pressure for a few days. 6. Interactive exercise: check the elements in the correct column (permanent components of atmospheric air). The teacher chooses a student who will work on the multimedia board.
Summary
1. At the end of the classes, the teacher gives the students homework: Elaborate the effects of the ozone hole and the greenhouse effect. The work can be presented in any form. 2. The teacher assesses the students' activity during the lesson, appreciating their engagement and commitment.
The following terms and recordings will be used during this lesson
Terms
ozone hole
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl
Nagranie słówka: ozone hole
dziura ozonowa - zjawisko spadku stężenia ozonu w stratosferze atmosfery ziemskiej. Do powierzchni Ziemi dociera większa ilość promieniowania nadfiloetowgo (UV), czego następstwem jest: większa zachorowalność na raka skóry, uszkodzenia wzroku, osłabienia odporności, niszczenie planktonu.
Texts and recordings
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie abstraktu
Earth's atmospheric layers In the Earth's atmosphere we distinguish 5 main layers characterized by specific features and 4 intermediate layers called pauses. The boundaries between them are conventional and change depending on the geographical latitude, terrain and season of the year.
The closest one to the surface of the earth is the troposphere. Its thickness ranges from 7 km (in winter) to 10 km (in summer) above the poles, and 15‐18 km above the equator. The main feature that allows determining the boundary of the troposphere is the drop in the air temperature with an increase of about 0,6°C per 100 m. In the upper layer of the troposphere, the temperature reaches -55°C (above arctic regions) to -70°C (above equatorial regions).
Above this layer there is a thin tropopause with the constant temperature, and above it there is the stratosphere extending up to a height of about 50 km, in which the air temperature rises to reach 0°C. In the stratosphere there is the ozonosphere – a layer with an increased content of ozone (oxygen in the form of triatomic particles), which reaches the highest concentration at a height of 25‐30 km. It plays a very important role – it protects the Earth against the lethal ultraviolet radiation emitted by the Sun. At the upper boundary of the stratosphere, a few‐kilometre thick stratopause, the temperature is constant.
The next layer is the mesosphere reaching up to around 80 km, in which the temperature constantly decreases down to -70°C and even -100°C. Above the mesopause there is a layer called the thermosphere with a rising temperature of up to 1000°C, and at a height of 500‐600 km, even up to 1500°C. Above its upper boundary – thermopause – there is the exosphere in which the very low‐density air temperature begins to drop down to -273°C in cosmic space. The upper boundary of the exosphere is difficult to be determined.
As the height increases, the atmospheric pressure drops. From approximately 1000 hPa hectopascals at the sea level through 200 hPa at the boundary with the tropopause, 1 hPa at the boundary of the stratopause, up to 0.000 001 hPa in the exosphere.
Atmospheric air consists of approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, less than 1% argon and dozens of other components. Most air constituents are present in fixed proportions, only the content of water vapour and carbon dioxide, and some impurities changes quite clearly in time and space. The atmosphere is composed of 5 main layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exospheres, and 4 transition layers: tropopause, stratopause, mesopause, and thermopause. The air temperature changes depending on the atmosphere layer: it decreases in the troposphere, increases in the stratosphere, decreases in the mesosphere, increases significantly in the thermosphere, and decreases significantly in the exosphere. The air temperature near the Earth's surface depends on many different natural factors and on human activity.