Integration of Transport & Land-Use
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Integration of transport & land-use The case of the Leiden - Gouda area Delft, 24th Januari 2013 Jasper Bras: 1402579 Table of content • Rationale & problem statement • Case study & research • Conclusions & design 2 Betuwelijn Source: thomas Schlijper - www.vn.nl 3 Randstadrail Source: thomas Schlijper - www.vn.nl 4 Complex technogical systems • Integration with the environment • Stakeholder participation 5 1: Integration of policies 2: Devolution of powers 6 Infrastructure Land-use Spatial interactions 7 Infrastructure Land-use Spatial interactions 8 Infrastructure GOVERNANCE Land-use Spatial interactions Influenced by governance 9 NATIONAL GOVERNANCE Infrastructure Land-use PROVINCIAL GOVERNANCE Infrastructure Land-use MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE Infrastructure Land-use Three tiers of governance 10 NATIONAL GOVERNANCE Infrastructure Land-use PROVINCIAL GOVERNANCE Infrastructure Land-use MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE Infrastructure Land-use Changing power relations 11 1: Integration of policies 2: Devolution of powers 12 • Law reforms: Wro (2008) • National planning documents (2011) Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu National Ontwerp Structuurvisie Infrastructuur en Ruimte Provincial Nederland concurrerend, bereikbaar, leefbaar en veilig Ontwerp Structuurvisie Infrastructuur en Ruimte Municipal Dit is een uitgave van het Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu Postbus 20901 | 2500 ex Den Haag www.rijksoverheid.nl/ienm Juli 2011 13 • Law reforms: Wro (2008) • National planning documents (2011) Top sectors & networks Kaart (inter)nationale bereikbaarheid van stedelijke regio’s met topsectoren National Kaart (inter)nationale bereikbaarheid van stedelijke regio’s met topsectoren Provincial Stedelijke regio met topsectoren Mainport Schiphol Mainport Rotterdam Municipal Brainport Zuidoost Nederland Greenport Zuidas Stad van internationaal recht, vrede en veiligheid HSL /ICE station Overige luchthaven van nationale betekenis Zeehaven van nationaal belang Binnenhaven van 14 nationaal belang Stedelijke regio met topsectoren Voornaamste achterlandverbindingen Mainport Schiphol (Inter)nationaal hoofdwegennet Mainport Rotterdam (Inter)nationaal hoofdvaarwegennet Brainport Zuidoost Nederland (Inter)nationaal spoorwegennet Greenport Zuidas Hoge snelheids lijn Stad van internationaal recht, Spoor met variabele snelheid vrede en veiligheid Overig (inter)nationaal HSL /ICE station spoorwegennet Overige luchthaven van Goederenspoor nationale betekenis Zeehaven van nationaal belang Binnenhaven van Vereenvoudigde topografie nationaal belang Voornaamste achterlandverbindingen 28 | Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu (Inter)nationaal hoofdwegennet (Inter)nationaal hoofdvaarwegennet (Inter)nationaal spoorwegennet Hoge snelheids lijn Spoor met variabele snelheid Overig (inter)nationaal spoorwegennet Goederenspoor Vereenvoudigde topografie National Provincial ‘Regional gap’ Municipal 15 Province Railway line Municipalities Possible impact on regional infrastructure 16 Complex technological systems: binding story, institutional & operational structure 17 Complex technological systems: binding story, institutional & operational structure 18 Space Railway line Multi-dimensional 19 Space Institutions Railway line Multi-dimensional 20 Space Institutions Railway line Process Multi-dimensional 21 Problem statement # Aim What are the issues of governance between local planning agencies, around the integration of sectoral policies on mobility and land-use and around the implementation of a transport infrastructure project such as the Rijn Gouwe Lijn at regional level? 22 Problem statement # Aim What are the issues of governance between local planning agencies, around the integration of sectoral policies on mobility and land-use and around the implementation of a transport infrastructure project such as the Rijn Gouwe Lijn at regional level? What planning mechanism could address issues of governance, facilitate integration of policies and support the implementation of such projects? 23 Theory # TIP-model Space Institutions Study & Design 1. Technical (spatial) design 2. Institutional design Process 3. Process design Source: Koppenjan, j. & GroeneweGen, j. (2005) 24 Theory # TIP-model Space Institutions Study & Design 1. Technical (spatial) design 2. Institutional design Process 3. Process design Source: Koppenjan, j. & GroeneweGen, j. (2005) 25 Theory # Integrated transport planning Space Institutions Process Single modes Multi-modes Accessibility modes (TOD) Source: CURTIS, C. & JAMeS, B. (2004) 26 Transit zones Source: www.zaanstreek.nl 27 Source: BaLZ, V. & SCHrIjnen, j. (2009) 28 1. Rural areas 2. Small towns 3. Outskirts of cities 4. Cities of the future 5. Business sites 6. Regional crossroads 7. Randstad hubs 8. Creative cities 9. City centres 29 Theory # Adjustment of policies Space Institutions Process Integration Coordination ? Cooperation Fragmented field of interest Source: Degrees of adjustment STEAD, D. & MeIjerS, e. (2004) 30 Theory # Institutional relations Space Institutions Institutions Process Province Municipality A Municipality B 31 Theory # Institutional relations Space Institutions Institutional Process structures Province Project organization/ authority Municipality A Municipality B 32 Theory # Institutional relations Space Institutions Institutional Process structures Nested territorial institutions Strategies/ frameworks of flexible response Nested Nested territorial territorial institutions institutions Source: SaLET, w. (2006) 33 Theory # Institutional capacity Space Institutions Institutional Process capacity € Material Financial Legal Intellectual Resources 34 Theory # Institutional capacity Space Institutions Institutional Process capacity Do the instutions have the attitude to adjust their policies? ...or the attitude to collaborate? Source: Governance culture www.synobys.nl Theory # Strategic spatial planning Space Institutions Process Long term Long-term & Contact Involvement vision short-term stakeholders citizens/ actions interest groups Source: 4-tracks albrechts (2004) Case study area 37 Case study area # Location Leiden Alphen aan den Rijn Zoeterwoude Rijnwoude Boskoop RGL West Rijn-GouwelijnRGL East Waddinxveen RijnlandRoute (RR) Gouda Zuidplas N 38 Case study area # Location 39 Case study area # Location 40 Case study area # Project agreements ResearchResearchResearchResearchResearch onon on onon practicepractice practice practicepractice # # # # # Institutional Institutional Institutional InstitutionalInstitutional analysisanalysis analysis analysisanalysis Stops Spatial program Contribution per unit Total sum Key distribution gures (municipal) Financial distribution Source:Source:Source:Source:Source:RGL project agreement (2005) 41 119118117116115 1st1st1st Project1st 1stProject Project Project Project agreement agreement agreement agreement agreement RGL RGL RGL RGL RGLEast East East East East(between (between (between (between (between all all allmuncipalities, all muncipalities,all muncipalities, muncipalities, muncipalities, province, province, province, province, province, Rijkswaterstaat Rijkswaterstaat Rijkswaterstaat Rijkswaterstaat Rijkswaterstaat and and and and ProRail)and ProRail) ProRail) ProRail) ProRail) (2005) (2005) (2005) (2005) (2005) Case study area # Integration of policies € financial culture - policies - instruments Policies for compact development around transit zones 42 Empirical research 43 Empirical research? # Studies Spatial ? ? • Spatial patterns of the region [mapping] ? • Station? typologies [field/photo study] • adjustment of plans between? agencies [mapping] ? Institutional & process ? • observation of the project agreements [desk research] • the adjustment of policies [interviews] ? • Institutional structures & capacity [mapping & interviews] ? ? ? ? Empirical research # Spatial studies Empirical research # Spatial studies Empirical research # Spatial studies 47 Boskoop Source: Small town GooGLe STREET VIEW (2012)48 Waddinxveen Zuid Source: Industrial/business site GooGLe STREET VIEW (2012)49 Empirical research # Institutional structure Mileudienst West-Holland Hillegom Nieuwkoop Actor Noordwijkerhout Lisse Rijnstreekberaad Partnership Noordwijk Teylingen Alphen a/d Rijn Holland Rijnland General Katwijk partnership Rijnwoude Economic relation Oegstgeest Kraag en Braassem Environmental relation Greenport Boskoop Voorschoten Planning relation Zoeterwoude RGL-East Leiden Leiderdorp Stichting Land van Wijk en Wouden Stichting Groenfonds Reeuwijk Midden-Delfland Bodegraven Den Haag Boskoop Schoonhoven Zoetermeer Leidschendam- Oude Rijnzone Voorburg Bergambacht Water Waddinxveen Midden-Holland Board Vlist Province of Zevenhuizen- Zuid-Holland Moerkappelle Nederlek Greenport Westland-Oostland Nieuwerkerk Ouderkerk a/d IJssel National Natuur & recreatieschap Midden-Delfland government Moordrecht Gouda Reeuwijkse Plassen Regionale ontwikkelings- Private organisatie Zuidplas Partnership region actors Pijnacker-Nootdorp Westland Gouda Lansingerland 50 Rotterdam Empirical research # Interviews Interviews • province of Zuid-Holland (2x) • regional partnership Holland rijnland • Chamber of Commerce (KvK) • prorail • Municipality of Zoeterwoude • Involved alderman municpality of Leiden 51 Empirical research # Interviews Mutual competition “The interventions of the municipality where very limited between participants - non-interventions. Each municipality had strong individual interest. The cohesive element was created by the province.” - rep. C “It was a