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Project Leader Lissa Mccracken Michael Simpson, PE Acting Director Sr Project Leader Lissa McCracken Michael Simpson, PE Acting Director Sr. Environmental Engineer Kentucky Pollution Prevention Center City of Los Angeles University of Louisville Department of Public Works Louisville, KY Bureau of Sanitation Industrial Waste Management Division Cam Metcalf (former Director of Kentucky Los Angeles, CA Pollution Prevention Center) National Pollution Prevention Round 2001 Lancashire Ave #208 Table Board Member Louisville, KY Authors * Editors Michelle Butler, PhD* Michelle Butler, PhD* Sr. Pollution Prevention Engineer Sr. Pollution Prevention Engineer NY State Pollution Prevention Institute NY State Pollution Prevention Institute Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, New York Rochester, New York Al Innes Jonathan M. Rivin, PhD* Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Waste Management Specialist Green Chemistry Coordinator UW Extension-Solid & Hazardous Waste Pollution Prevention Program Education Center St. Paul, MN University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Stevens Point, WI Lin Kaatz Chary, PhD, MPH Executive Director Cathy Bouge Great Lakes Green Chemistry Network Washington State Gary, IN Department of Ecology Olympia, WA Olga Krel, MS Plancheck Engineer City of Los Angeles Department of Public Works Bureau of Sanitation Industrial Waste Management Division Los Angeles, CA Ally LaTourelle, Esq. Managing Partner BioEconomy Partners Philadelphia, PA *Editors Green Chemistry Guide This manual provides state agencies and technical assistance providers with tools and resources to better serve their clients who are looking for information and to support greening their operations, supply chains, processes, and products. Copyright © 2015 Table of Contents Preface by David Constable……….. ................................................................................................................... i Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Michael Simpson and Olga Krel 2. How Green Chemistry Drives Pollution Prevention Strategy ................................................. 5 Olga Krel and Michael Simpson 3. Green Chemistry and Life-cycle Thinking .................................................................................... 16 Olga Krel and Michael Simpson 4. Green Engineering and Pollution Prevention............................................................................. 33 Jonathan M. Rivin 5. The Green Chemistry Mindset .......................................................................................................... 43 Ally LaTourelle 6. Green Chemistry Tools ........................................................................................................................ 50 Lin Kaatz Chary and Jonathan M. Rivin 7. Building the Business Case for Green Chemistry ...................................................................... 55 Michelle Butler and Al Innes 8. Implementation of the Green Chemistry Change ...................................................................... 69 Lissa McCracken and Cam Metcalf 9. Recognitions, Awards, and Sustaining Success.......................................................................... 78 Jonathan M. Rivin 10. Green Chemistry Checklist................................................................................................................. 83 Michigan Green Chemistry Roundtable Appendix A. A Brief History of Green Chemistry ................................................................................................ 87 B. Green Chemistry and Green Engineering Resources .............................................................. 92 C. Case Study: NYSPPI Wet Cleaning Program ................................................................................ 97 Figures 1. The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry ................................................................................................. 3 2. EPA Pollution Prevention Hierarchy ............................................................................................................. 3 3. The Three Spheres of Sustainability ...................................................................................................................... 8 4. Green Chemistry: An Essential Component of Sustainable Production ................................................ 9 5. Product Development Schematic ......................................................................................................................... 11 6. Achieving Material Sustainability in Natural Cycles .................................................................................. 13 7. Principles of Green Chemistry ................................................................................................................................ 14 8. Green Chemistry and Source Reduction ............................................................................................................ 15 9. Product Life-cycle Stages .................................................................................................................................. 19 10. Three Basic Policies of Product Design....................................................................................................... 21 11. Adapted from the U.S. EPA’s report #EPA/600/R-06/060 ................................................................ 23 12. Energy and Material Flows in a Chemical Process ................................................................................ 24 13. Product Stewardship .......................................................................................................................................... 27 14. EPA Solid Waste Management Hierarchy ................................................................................................. 37 Tables 1. Definition of Related Concepts to Green Chemistry for Environmental Management ........ 10 2. Factors Affecting the Choice of Tools for Process Optimization ............................................... 26 3. Impact Categories ....................................................................................................................................... 29 4. Strategies for Valuing Life-cycle Impacts .......................................................................................... 30 5. The Benefits of Green Chemistry .......................................................................................................... 30 6. Green Engineering and Green Chemistry Principles ..................................................................... 34 7. Common Themes in Green Chemistry and Green Engineering Principles ........................... 35 8. Designing Greener Nanomaterials ....................................................................................................... 36 9. Green Engineering and Chemistry Principles Related to Pollution Prevention ................. 37 10. Green Engineering Principles Applied to Design Scales in Waste Prevention .................... 40 11. Assessment Tool Summary ..................................................................................................................... 53 12. Potential Operating Costs ........................................................................................................................ 62 13. Potential Initial Costs ................................................................................................................................ 63 Preface By DAVID CONSTABLE We look forward to the day when there is no need to add a modifier to chemistry like green or sustainable because the way in which all chemicals are thought about, synthesized, manufactured and used in products is greener and more sustainable. This transition has already begun and there are many dedicated persons, like the people who wrote this manual, who are committed to making greener and more sustainable chemistry a practical, functional reality. There has been considerable progress over the past 20 years or so and I would expect that in the next 20 years, the practice of chemistry and chemical engineering will mostly be where it needs to be. I very much enjoyed reading this manual. It provides the reader with the background and context of how green chemistry grew out of the pollution prevention movement of the 1980’s and how it is the ultimate form of source reduction. It clearly places green chemistry in the context of systems thinking and the need to look at greener and more sustainable chemistry from a broad life cycle perspective. It points the reader towards useful tools and gives practical advice on how to craft a business case. It firmly recognizes that implementing greener and more sustainable chemistry is more about helping people make different kinds of decisions in their everyday work than only considering technical barriers. Implementing green chemistry is firmly rooted in the very best possible science and engineering and goes beyond traditional approaches to consider broader impacts and opportunities. Green chemistry is about encouraging what will ultimately be seen as disruptive innovation. Green chemistry is seeing what is possible beyond a heavy reliance on the status quo and many practices that have the potential to be harmful to business, people and the planet. I would encourage you to read and use this manual. It is timely, practical and comprehensive.
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