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Prof.Dr. MÜNİR ZİYA LUGAL GÖKSU
Prof.Dr. MÜNİR ZİYA LUGAL GÖKSU Kişisel Bilgiler Eİş- pToesletafo: nmuz:l g+19502 3@22cu 3.e3d8u 6.t0r84 Dahili: 2967 PWoesbta: hAtdtprse:/s/i:a vÇeuskius.rcouv.ead Üun.triv/e/rmsiztlegs1i 9S5u2 Ürünleri Fakültesi Temel Bilimler Bölümü 01330 Balcalı Sarıçam ADANA Eğitim Bilgileri LDiosakntosr, aA, nAknakraar Üa nÜivneivresritseistei,s Fi,e Vne Ftearkiünletre sFi,a Bküiylotelosij,i S, uT üÜrrküiynele 1ri9, 7T0ü r-k 1iy9e7 41980 - 1986 AHirdaroşbtıiyromloaji , AYalaşanmla Briılimleri, Limnoloji, Temel Bilimler APrkoaf.Ddre.,m Çuiku Uronvva aÜnilvaerr s/it eGsiö, Srue vÜrleünrleri Fakültesi, Temel Bilimler Bölümü, 2005 - Devam Ediyor YDrodç..DDorç., .DÇur.k, uÇruokvuar oÜvnaiv Üenrsiviteerssii, tSeusi ,Ü Sruü nÜlreürni Flearki üFlateksüil, tTeesim, Teel mBielilm Blielirm Bleörlü Bmöülü, m19ü9, 81 9- 8280 0- 51998 AÇukkaudroevma Üikn ivİderasritie sDi, e2n01e4y -i mDevam Ediyor VLİeMrNdOiLğOi JDİ, eLirssalnesr, 2013 - 2014 Yönetilen Tezler İGnÖdKikSaUtö Mrü. Z A. lLg.l e, rSieny Shapnt aNnemhraisnıd, Yeükik (sAekd aLnisaa Mnse, rFk.ÇezE VİlİçKe( SÖınğrırelnarcıi )İ,ç 1in9d9e3ki Bölge) Alg Toplulukları İncelenmesi ve Kirlilik SCI, SSCI ve AHCI İndekslerine Giren Dergilerde Yayınlanan Makaleler I. DThaem G Lraokwet (hN aonrdth Meaosrttearlinty M Readtietse rorfe Snielvaenr R Cerguiocinasn: CAadrapn a(,C Taurarskseiyu)s gibelio Bloch, 1882) in Seyhan FMRAENSAEŞNIIRULSI EMN.,V AIRZGOINNM CE.,N ÖTZAYLU BRUT LCL. ET. ,I NG,Ö cKilSt.U2 8M, s. sZ..1 L6.67-1675, 2019 (SCI Expanded İndekslerine Giren Dergi) II. The Growth and Mortality Rates of Silver Crucian Carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1982) in Seyhan DMaAmNA LŞaIRkLeI (MS.o, AuZthGeINas Ct.e, rÖnZ YMUeRdTi tCe. rEr. a, GnÖeaKnSU R Meg. Zio. nL. Adana Turkey) III. TFRHEES EGNRIOUWS ETNHV AIRNODN MMEONRTTAALL BIUTLYL RETAITNE, Ssa O.2F8 , SsIsL.1V6E6R7- 1C6R7U5C, I2A0N19 C (ASRCIP E (xCpAanRdAeSdS İInUdSe kGsIleBrEinLeI OG irBeLnO DCeHrg,i) 1M9A8N2A)Ş IRNL SI EMY., HAAZGNI ND AC.M, Ö ZLYAUKRET (CS. -
*Akdeniz Haberleri-3/Sayfalar
ANADOLU AKDEN‹Z‹ Arkeoloji Haberleri 2005-3 News of Archaeology from ANATOLIA’S MEDITERRANEAN AREAS Suna - ‹nan K›raç Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araflt›rma Enstitüsü Suna & ‹nan K›raç Research Institute on Mediterranean Civilizations ‹Ç‹NDEK‹LER KAZI RAPORLARI • Alanya Kalesi Çal›flmalar› 2004 M. Olufl Ar›k 1 • Arykanda Kaz›s› Raporu 2004 Cevdet Bayburtluo¤lu 5 • Badema¤ac› Kaz›lar› 2004 Refik Duru 11 • Elaiussa Seb0aste’de Arkeolojik Çal›flmalar 2004 Eugenia Equini Schneider 17 • Harmanören-Göndürle Höyük Mezarl›k Kaz›s› 2004 Mehmet Özsait 23 • Karain Kaz›lar› 2004 Harun Taflk›ran 29 • Kelenderis 2004 Y›l› Kaz›lar› Levent Zoro¤lu 35 • Ksanthos - Letoon Kaz› ve Araflt›rmalar› 2004 Jacques des Courtils 41 • Limyra Kaz› Çal›flmalar› 2004 Thomas Marksteiner 47 • Myra-Demre Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi Kaz›s› ve Duvar S. Y›ld›z Ötüken - Nilay Çora¤an 51 Resimlerini Belgeleme, Koruma-Onar›m Çal›flmalar› 2004 Bülent ‹fller • Patara 2004 Fahri Ifl›k 57 • 2004 Y›l› Perge Kaz› ve Onar›m Çal›flmalar› Haluk Abbaso¤lu 67 • Sagalassos ve Çevresinde Arkeolojik Araflt›rmalar 2004 Marc Waelkens 73 • Side Tiyatrosu ve Çevresinde Kaz›, Koruma-Onar›m Ülkü ‹zmirligil 79 Çal›flmalar› 2004 • Soli/Pompeiopolis Antik Liman Kenti Kaz›lar› 2004 Remzi Ya¤c› 85 YÜZEY ARAfiTIRMA RAPORLARI • Adana Yüzey Araflt›rmalar› 2004: Kozan K. Serdar Girginer - Fatih Erhan 93 • Alanya ve Çevresinde Bizans Araflt›rmalar› 2004 Sema Do¤an 97 • Asi Deltas› ve Asi Vadisi Arkeoloji Projesi: Hatice Pamir - Gunnar Brands 103 Samanda¤ ve Antakya Yüzey Araflt›rmalar› 2004 • Bey Da¤lar› Yüzey Araflt›rmalar› 2004 Nevzat Çevik 109 • Burdur ‹li Yüzey Araflt›rmalar› 2004 Mehmet Özsait 117 • Da¤l›k Kilikya Deniz K›y›s› Arkeolojisi Projesi: Cheryl Ward 123 Ön Rapor 2004 • Da¤l›k Kilikya Yüzey Araflt›rmas› Projesi: Rhys F. -
The Methods Used in Monitoring of Large Dams in Turkey
©2020 Published in 8th International Symposium on Innovative Technologies in Engineering and Science 23-25 October 2020 (ISITES2020 Bursa - Turkey) https://doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.51 The Methods Used in Monitoring of Large Dams in Turkey Haluk BALI1*, Salih ALCAY2 1 The General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works, 5. Regional Directorate, 56. Division Office, Kırıkkale, Turkey, 2 Necmettin Erbakan University, Engineering and Achitecture Faculty, Geomatics Engineering Department, Konya, Turkey. Abstract Turkey is a very rich country in terms of water resources. However, in order to use these resources efficiently, water must be stored safely. In this context, the best form of storage is the construction of dams. In our country, large dams, which are among the world's important dams, are being built. Although there are many advantages of large dams, the loss of life and property will be so great in case of a possible deformation or destruction. The fact that dams are under the influence of various forces, as well as being located in the earthquake zone of our country, necessitates continuous monitoring of our dams. Dams are generally monitored using geodetic methods and geotechnical devices. However, mostly details of these two methods are evaluated separately in dam monitoring. Evaluating the results of both methods together is very important for the comprehensive monitoring of the dam and the correct interpretation of possible deformations. In this study, large dams in our country and monitoring studies carried out by using geodetic and geotechnical methods in these dams are given in detail. Key words: Dam, Deformation Monitoring, Geodetic, Geotechnical 1. -
Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on the Water Resources of the Seyhan River Basin, Turkey
Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on the Water Resources of the Seyhan River Basin, Turkey Yoichi FUJIHARA1, Kenji TANAKA2, Tsugihiro WATANABE3, and Toshiharu KOJIRI4 1;3Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8047 2;4Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011 1. Introduction mm in the northern area. The annual inflow at the Seyhan Dam ranges between 3.7 and 7.3 Gm3 and The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate averages 5.5 Gm3. The Seyhan and Catalan Dams Change (IPCC) Third Assessment Report con- have storage capacities of 0.8 and 1.6 Gm3, re- cluded that there was evidence that most of the spectively. The stored water is used mainly for warming observed over the last 50 years is at- irrigation. According to the 1990 statistics, the tributable to human activities. With the expected amount of irrigation water used annually is about build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, 1.4 Gm3, and it is increasing annually (Figure 1). it is anticipated that the climate will continue to The amount of domestic water used annually is 0.1 change throughout the 21st century. Moreover, it Gm3 according to the 2003 statistics. is thought that global warming will have a signifi- ) 10.0 cant impact on the hydrology and water resources 3 Annual Inflow m 9 9.0 of river basins. Irrigation Water 8.0 Basins that have a large fraction of runoff driven Domestic Water 7.0 by snowmelt, such as the Seyhan River Basin 6.0 in Turkey, will be especially sensitive to global 5.0 warming, because the temperature determines the 4.0 fraction of precipitation that falls as snow and the 3.0 timing of snowmelt. -
Who's Who in Politics in Turkey
WHO’S WHO IN POLITICS IN TURKEY Sarıdemir Mah. Ragıp Gümüşpala Cad. No: 10 34134 Eminönü/İstanbul Tel: (0212) 522 02 02 - Faks: (0212) 513 54 00 www.tarihvakfi.org.tr - [email protected] © Tarih Vakfı Yayınları, 2019 WHO’S WHO IN POLITICS IN TURKEY PROJECT Project Coordinators İsmet Akça, Barış Alp Özden Editors İsmet Akça, Barış Alp Özden Authors Süreyya Algül, Aslı Aydemir, Gökhan Demir, Ali Yalçın Göymen, Erhan Keleşoğlu, Canan Özbey, Baran Alp Uncu Translation Bilge Güler Proofreading in English Mark David Wyers Book Design Aşkın Yücel Seçkin Cover Design Aşkın Yücel Seçkin Printing Yıkılmazlar Basın Yayın Prom. ve Kağıt San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Evren Mahallesi, Gülbahar Cd. 62/C, 34212 Bağcılar/İstanbull Tel: (0212) 630 64 73 Registered Publisher: 12102 Registered Printer: 11965 First Edition: İstanbul, 2019 ISBN Who’s Who in Politics in Turkey Project has been carried out with the coordination by the History Foundation and the contribution of Heinrich Böll Foundation Turkey Representation. WHO’S WHO IN POLITICS IN TURKEY —EDITORS İSMET AKÇA - BARIŞ ALP ÖZDEN AUTHORS SÜREYYA ALGÜL - ASLI AYDEMİR - GÖKHAN DEMİR ALİ YALÇIN GÖYMEN - ERHAN KELEŞOĞLU CANAN ÖZBEY - BARAN ALP UNCU TARİH VAKFI YAYINLARI Table of Contents i Foreword 1 Abdi İpekçi 3 Abdülkadir Aksu 6 Abdullah Çatlı 8 Abdullah Gül 11 Abdullah Öcalan 14 Abdüllatif Şener 16 Adnan Menderes 19 Ahmet Altan 21 Ahmet Davutoğlu 24 Ahmet Necdet Sezer 26 Ahmet Şık 28 Ahmet Taner Kışlalı 30 Ahmet Türk 32 Akın Birdal 34 Alaattin Çakıcı 36 Ali Babacan 38 Alparslan Türkeş 41 Arzu Çerkezoğlu -
A Study on Zooplankton Fauna and Some Water Quality Parameters of Kozan Dam Lake (Adana, Turkey)
LIMNOFISH-Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research 5(3): 147-158 (2019) A Study on Zooplankton Fauna and Some Water Quality Parameters of Kozan Dam Lake (Adana, Turkey) Cem TUGYAN , Ahmet BOZKURT* Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, İskenderun Technical University, İskenderun, Hatay, Turkey ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO Some water quality parameters (Secchi disk depth, water temperature, dissolved RESEARCH ARTICLE oxygen, pH, conductivity, chlorophyll a, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P) and zooplankton fauna were determined in the Kozan Dam Lake. While the quality of Received : 11.03.2019 the reservoir water was first class water in terms of temperature, dissolved Revised : 27.05.2019 oxygen, NH4-N, PO4-P, it was second-class water in terms of conductivity, pH, Accepted : 28.05.2019 NO3-N. In total, 50 zooplankton species belonging to 26 families were determined (29 species belonging to 17 families from Rotifera, 15 species belonging to Published : 25.12.2019 7 families from Cladocera and 6 species belonging to 2 families from Copepoda). Brachionidae (Rotifera) was the most species rich family with 7 species, followed DOI:10.17216/LimnoFish.538344 by Chydoridae (Cladocera) and Cyclopidae (Copepoda) with 6 and 5 species respectively. The most dominant species were Synchaeta pectinata (38.33%) * CORRESPONDING AUTHOR from Rotifera, Bosmina longirostris (5.71%) from Cladocera and Cyclops vicinus [email protected] (0.67%) from Copepoda. At the same time, the species found in every month were Phone : +90 326 614 16 93 (3405) Asplanchna priodonta, Polyarthra dolichoptera, Bosmina longirostris, Ceriodaphnia pulchella, Cyclops vicinus and Diacyclops bicuspidatus. In the study, Rotifera was the most abundant group with 67%, followed by Cladocera with 29% and Copepoda with 4%. -
Assessing Age, Growth, and Reproduction of Alburnus Mossulensis and Acanthobrama Marmid (Cyprinidae) Populations in Karakaya Dam Lake (Turkey)
Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2015) 39: 1-14 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1211-13 Assessing age, growth, and reproduction of Alburnus mossulensis and Acanthobrama marmid (Cyprinidae) populations in Karakaya Dam Lake (Turkey) 1 2, Aysel ALKAN UÇKUN , Didem GÖKÇE * 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey 2 Limnology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey Received: 10.11.2012 Accepted: 24.03.2014 Published Online: 02.01.2015 Printed: 30.01.2015 Abstract: In total, 626 individuals of Alburnus mossulensis and 586 individuals of Acanthobrama marmid were collected monthly from Karakaya Dam Lake on the upper Euphrates River. The gonadosomatic index, somatic condition, oocyte size, and fecundity were calculated on a monthly basis. Reading of scales indicated that the maximum age was 4+ years for A. mossulensis and A. marmid. The estimated length–weight relationships were W = 0.206 × FL2.065 for females and W = 0.119 × FL2.138 for males in A. mossulensis, and W 2.678 2.631 –0.14(t + 1.39) = 0.029 × FL for females and W = 0.030 × FL for males in A. marmid. Growth in length equations were Lt = 19.6[1 – e ] –1.40(t + 1.04) –1.37(t + 1.04) –1.29(t + 1.04) for females and Lt = 20.1[1 – e ] for males in A. mossulensis and Lt = 17.3[1 – e ] for females and Lt = 16.6[1 – e ] for males in A. -
Abstract Keywords Distribution and Impacts of Carassius Species
ISSN 1989‐8649 Manag. Biolog. Invasions, 2011, 2 Abstract Distribution and impacts of Carassius species (Cyprinidae) in Turkey: a review Biological invasions have caused considerable disruption to native Deniz INNAL ecosystems throughout the world through predation, habitat alteration, competition and hybridisation with Introduction, Hypotheses and species have been introduced in native species and introduction of Problems for Management Turkey as eggs, fry or fingerlings for diseases or parasites. Species of the different purposes over the last five genus Carassius [C. auratus (Linnaeus, In Europe, three species of the decades. Some of these fish have 1758), C. carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) and genus Carassius Nilsson 1832, are been used only in closed systems C. gibelio (Bloch, 1782)] were known; the goldfish, Carassius while others have been released transported to numerous inland water auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), the into open inland waters throughout bodies throughout Turkey. Species are crucian carp, Carassius carassius the country (Innal & Erk’akan 2006). now considered a threat factor for (Linnaeus, 1758) and the prusian Freshwater fish introductions may native species. The purpose of this (gibel) carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, result in impacts as a result of one study is to review the current 1782) (Ozulug et al. 2004). or many undesirable characteristics, distribution and ecological impacts of including: competition, habitat species in the inland waters of Turkey. Whereas C. carassius is alteration, parasitism, predation, native to Turkey, the other two hybridisation, alteration of habitat Keywords species of the genus Carassius were quality and/or ecosystem function, introduced to inland waters of host of pests or parasites (Copp et Carassius carassius, C. -
Earthquake Safety Evaluation of Large Dams in Lower Seyhan Basin, Turkey
"Science Stays True Here" Advances in Ecological and Environmental Research (ISSN 2517-9454, USA) | Science Signpost Publishing Earthquake Safety Evaluation of Large Dams in Lower Seyhan Basin, Turkey Hasan Tosun Full Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey. Received: April 01, 2020 / Accepted: May 12, 2020 / Published: Vol. 5, Issue 07, pp. 217-229, 2020 Abstract: The seismic hazard of a dam site based on the peak ground acceleration and risk rating of the dam based on the capacity of the reservoir, the height of the dam, the evacuation requirements, and the potential downstream damages are the dominant factors acting on the general stability of dams. This paper summarizes the methods considered for earthquake safety evaluation and introduces the results of a study, which was performed for the large dams, namely Berdan, Catalan, Seyhan, Sanibey and Nergizlik dams in Lower Seyhan basin. The investigation area is structurally cut by numerous faults, which are resulted by East Anatolia Fault System. The seismic hazard analyses have indicated that peak ground acceleration changes within a wide range for the five dam sites of this area. The total risk analyses depending on the seismic hazard rating of dam site and risk rating of the structure have concluded that most of these large dams have high-risk class for the metropolitan area. Keywords: dam, earthquake, seismic stability, total risk 1. Introduction There are mainly two important factors acting on total risk for dam structures: (1) the seismic hazard rating of dam site and (2) the risk rating of the dam and appurtenant structures. -
Additional Records for the Odonata Fauna of South-Western Anatolia - Part Ii: Zygoptera
_____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 2, No. 2, June 2007__________ 499 ADDITIONAL RECORDS FOR THE ODONATA FAUNA OF SOUTH-WESTERN ANATOLIA - PART II: ZYGOPTERA Ali Salur* and Suat Kıyak** *Hitit Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 19030 Çorum/TÜRKİYE, e- mail: [email protected] **Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 06500 Ankara/TÜRKİYE, e- mail: [email protected] [Salur, A. & Kıyak, S. 2007. Additional records for the Odonata fauna of South-Western Anatolia - Part II: Zygoptera. Munis Entomology & Zoology 2 (2): 499-510] ABSTRACT: In this study, zygopteran specimens collected from the provinces Antalya, Aydın, Burdur, Denizli, Isparta and Muğla in South-Western Anatolia, April-September in 2000- 2002 have been established faunistically. It has been determined that they belong to 20 species and subspecies of 11 genera of 5 families. KEY WORDS: Odonata, Zygoptera, South-Western Anatolia, Turkey. Present study consists of faunistic data belonging to south-western Anatolia. This field was studied between 2000-2002 and it collected and identified approximately 2100 zygopteran specimens. Zygoptera of the field were given at second part of the study which is about the Odonata fauna of SW Anatolia. Faunistic data belong to Anisoptera for the field was being published January 2007 (Salur & Kıyak, 2007). Aim of this study is not to compare obtained data with the data obtained before and region fauna. The aim of the present study is to preserve the result of the fauna of SW Anatolian Zygoptera to the scientists. For this reason, no reference to any manuscript or data belonging to this region is made. All zygopteran samples were collected from SW region of Turkey in the years 2000-2002 and they were collected by using net trap and were killed in the killing jars ethyl acetate vapour. -
Determination of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Fauna and Some Physicochemical Properties of Kanak Dam Lake (Şarkışla–Sivas)
EISSN 2602-473X AQUATIC SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING Aquat Sci Eng 2021; 36(1): 1-10 • DOI: https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2020699151 Original Article Determination of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Fauna and Some Physicochemical Properties of Kanak Dam Lake (Şarkışla–Sivas) Menekşe Taş Divrik1 , Meliha Öz Laçin2 , Kadir Kalkan1 , Sinan Yurtoğlu1 Cite this article as: Tas Divrik, M., Oz Lacin, M., Kalkan, K., & Yurtoglu, S. (2021). Determination of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna and some physicochemical properties of Kanak Dam Lake (Şarkışla–Sivas). Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 36(1), 1-10. ABSTRACT This paper aims to identify the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna and some physicochemical char- acteristics of Kanak Dam Lake located in Şarkışla, Sivas. For this, water and sediment samples were taken from 4 stations of the lake between August 2016 to July 2017 at monthly intervals, and a detailed physicochemical analysis was carried out on these samples. While the identification of benthic macroinvertebrates was made to the lowest possible taxa (species, genus or families), some physicochemical characteristics of the lake water such as temperature, pH, electrical conduc- tivity, dissolved oxygen, SO4, PO4, NO3-N, NO2-N, Mg, Ca, total hardness, salinity and Cl levels were determined using various titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods. As a result, a total of ORCID IDs of the author: 30 taxa were identified and were classified as Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, Gastropoda and other M.T.D. 0000-0002-4828-2575; Insecta (Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Hemiptera (adult), Odonata, Plecoptera and larval Coleop- M.Ö.L. 0000-0002-3014-8060; tera). All the identified taxa were determined as the first records for the lake. -
International Obligations to Consult
INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS TO CONSULT FACT FINDING MISSION TO SYRIA / IRAK Febr.2002 Acknowledgements The Mission would like to thank the following for their valuable assistance to the delegation: Mr Mohammed Radwan Martini, Minister of Irrigation, Syrian Arab Republic; Dr Abdul Aziz Al Masri, Chief of the International Water Bureau, Ministry of Irrigation, Syrian Arab Republic; Mr Waleed Mu’alim, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs, Syrian Arab Republic; Mr Yahia Awaidah, Director, Environmental Management Directorate, Ministry of the Environment, Syrian Arab Republic; Mr Adnan Khsan, Minister of the Environment, Syrian Arab Republic; Mr Amin Sabbagh, Commercial Officer, British Embassy, Damascus; Mr Rasoul Abdul Hussein, Minister of Irrigation, Republic of Iraq; Dr Ali Farhan, Deputy Minister of Irrigation, Republic of Iraq; Dr Waleed, Hydrologist, Ministry of Irrigation, Republic of Iraq; Dr Amer Suleiman, Ministry of Irrigation, Republic of Iraq; Mr Fahmi Al Qaisy, Head of the Legal Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Iraq; Dr Mudhafar Amin, Head of Iraqi Interests Section, Jordanian Embassy, London; Embassy of Syria, London; Saad Al Samarrai, Head of the Water Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Iraq. 1 CONTENTS SUMMARY 4 SECTION ONE: BACKGROUND AND REMIT 7 SECTION TWO: CONTESTED WATERS - THE TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES 9 - DAMS AND CONFLICT 9 - THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF WATER SCARCITY 11 - DAMS AND CONFLICT ON THE TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES 13 - THE GAP PROJECT 15 - GAP: SYRIAN AND IRAQI CONCERNS 19 Decreased