KP PUBLICATIONS (04/01/2021):

A total of ~180 published papers google-searchable for individual titles and/or Pubmed-searchable for “chang kp, (109) or symbiotes (10) or symbionts (2) or endosymbionts (3) or endosymbiosis (9) or vaccination (7).

1. Chang, K.-P. & Musgrave, A.J. (1969) Histochemistry and ultrastructure of the mycetome and its “symbiotes” in the pear psylla, Psylla Pyricola Foerster (Homoptera). Tissue and Cell 1: 597-606.

2. Chang, K.-P. & Musgrave, A.J. (1970) Ultrastructure of rickettsia-like microorganisms in the midgut of a plant bug, binotatus Jak. (: ). Can. J. Microbiol. 16: 621-622.

3. Chang, K.-P. & Musgrave, A.J. (1972) Multiple Symbiosis in a , communis fitch (Cicadellidae: Homoptera): envelopes, nucleoids and inclusions of the symbiotes. J. Cell Sci. 11: 275-293.

4. Chang, K.-P. & Musgrave, A.J. (1973) Morphology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of mycetome and its rickettsial symbiotes in Cimex lectularius (L.) Can. J. Microbiol. 19: 1075-1081.

5. Chang, K.-P. (1974) Effects of elevated temperature on mycetome and its symbiotes of Cimex lectularius (L.) J. Invertebr. Pathol. 23: 333-340.

6. Chang, K.-P. & Trager, W. (1974) Nutritional significance of symbiotic bacteria in two of hemoflagellates. Science 183: 531-532.

7. Chang, K.-P. (1974) Ultrastructure of symbiotic bacteria in normal and antibiotic-treated culicis and oncopelti. J. Protozool. 21: 699-707.

8. Chang, K.-P. & Musgrave, A.J. (1975) Conversion of spheroplast symbiotes in a leafhopper, Fitch (Cicadellidae: Homoptera). Can. J. Microbiol. 21: 196-204.

9. Chang, K.-P. & Musgrave, A.J. (1975) Endosymbiosis in a leafhopper Helochara communis Fitch (Cicadellidae: Homoptera): symbiote translocation and auxillary cells in the mycetome. Can J. Microbiol. 21: 186-195.

10. Tuan, R.S. & Chang, K.-P. (1975) Isolation of intracellular symbiotes from flagellate protozoa by immune lysis and characterization of their DNA. J. Cell Biol. 65: 309-323.

11. Chang, K.-P., Chang, C.S. & Sassa, S. (1975) Heme biosynthesis in bacterium-protozoan symbioses: enzymic defects in host hemoflagellates and complemental role of their intracellular symbiotes. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 72: 2979-2983.

1 12. Chang, K.-P. (1975) Reduced growth of Blastocrithidia culicis and Crithidia oncopelti freed of intracellular symbiotes by chloramphenicol. J. Protozool. 22: 271-276.

13. Chang, K.-P. (1975) Haematophagous and haemoflagellates as hosts for prokaryotic endosymbiotes. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 29: 407-428.

14. Dwyer, D.M. & Chang, K.-P. (1976) Surface membrane carbohydrate alteration of a flagellate protozoan mediated by bacterial endosymbionts. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 73: 852-856.

15. Chang, K.-P. (1976) Symbiont-free hemoflagellates (Blastocrithidia culicis and Crithidia oncopelti): Their liver factor requirement and their serological identity with infected strains. J. Protozool. 23: 241-244.

16. Chang, K.-P. & Dwyer, D.M. (1976) Multiplication of a human parasite (Leishmania donovani) in phagolysosomes of hamster macrophages in vitro. Science 193: 678-680.

17. Meshnick, S.R., Chang, K.-P., & Cerami, A. (1977) Heme lysis of the bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei. Biochem. Pharmacol. 26: 1923-1928.

18. Chang, K.-P., Steiger, R.F., Dave, C. & , Y.-C. (1978) Effects of methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) on trypanosomatid flagellates: inhibition of growth and nucleoside incorporation in Trypanosoma brucei. J. Protozool. 25: 145-149.

19. Chang, K.-P. & Dwyer, D.M. (1978) Leishmania donovani-hamster macrophage interactions in vitro: cell entry, intracellular survival and multiplication of amastigotes. J. Exp. Med. 147: 515-530.

20. Chang, K.-P. (1978) Hamster peritoneal macrophages in vitro: substratum adhesion, spreading, phagocytosis and phagolysosome formation. In vitro 14: 663-674.

21. Chang, K.-P. (1978) Intracellular multiplication of Leishmania donovani during repeated passages in primary cultures of hamster peritoneal macrophages. J. Parasitol. 64: 931-933.

22. Chang, K.-P. (1978) Leishmania infection of human skin fibroblasts in vitro: absence of phagolysosomal fusion after induced phagocytosis of promastigotes and their intracellular transformation. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 27: 1084-96.

23. Chang, K.-P. (1979) Leishmania donovani: Promastigote-macrophage surface interactions in vitro. Exp. Parasitol. 48: 175-189.

24. Chang, K.-P. (1980) Human cutaneous leishmania in a macrophage line: Propagation and isolation of intracellular parasite. Science 209: 1240-2.

2 25. Chang, K.-P. (1980) endocytosis of FITC dextran by leishmania-infected macrophages, fluorimetry of pinocytosis, lysosomephagosome fusion and intralysosomal pH, In Host-Invader Interplays, Ed. van den Bossche, North Holland, 231-4.

26. Chang, K.-P. and Dave, C. (1980) Modulation of polyamine biosynthesis enzymes by bacterial endosymbionts in trypanosomatid protozoa. In: Int. Proc. Endosymb. Cell Res., Eds. W. Schwemmler & H. Schenk, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1: 349-360.

27. Chang, K.-P. (1981) Leishmanicidal mechanisms of human polymorphonuclear phagocytes. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 30:322-33.

28. Chang, K.-P. (1981) Antibody-mediated inhibition of phagocytosis in Leishmania donovani-human phagocyte interactions in vitro. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 30: 334-39.

29. Chang, K.-P. (1981) Leishmania donovani-hamster macrophage binding mediated by their surface glycoproteins/antigens: Characterization in vitro by a radioactive assay. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 4: 67-76.

30. Carson, D.A. & Chang, K.-P. (1981) Phosphorylation and anti-leishmania activity of formycin B. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 100: 1377-83.

31. Carson, D.A. & Chang, K.-P. (1981) Selective killing of leishmania-infected mouse macrophages by 6-methylpurine 2’-deoxyriboside. Life Sci. 29: 1617-21.

32. Chang, K.-P., Bray, R.S. & Leaney, A.J. (1981). Infection of mouse macrophages in vitro by sandfly-derived promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 75: 475-6.

33. Fong, D. & Chang, K.-P. (1981) Tubulin biosynthesis in the developmental cycle of a parasitic protozoan, Leishmania mexicana: Changes during differentiation of motile and non-motile stages. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 7624-8.

34. Chang, K.-P. & Chiao, D.W. (1981) Cellular immunity of mice to Leishmania donovani in vitro: Lymphokine-mediated intracellular killing of parasites in macrophages. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 7083-7.

35. Chang, K.-P. & Fong, D. (1982) Antigenic changes during intracellular transformation of leishmanias in cultured macrophages. Infect. Immun. 36: 430-431.

36. Fong, D. & Chang, K.-P. (1982) Surface antigenic change during differentiation of a parasitic protozoan, Leishmania mexicana: Identification by monoclonal antibodies. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 7366-70.

37. Wallach, M., Fong, D., & Chang, K.-P. (1982) Post-transcriptional control of tubulin biosynthesis in leishmanial differentiation. Nature 299: 650-2.

3 38. Chang, K.-P. (1983) Molecular and biochemical mechanisms of intracellular symbiosis in leishmaniasis. Int. Rev. Cytol. Suppl. 14: 267-302.

39. Chang, K.-P. (1983) Leishmania-macrophage cellular and molecular interactions in vitro. Microbiology 380-383.

40. Chang, K.-P. & Fish, W.R. (1983) Leishmaniasis. In In vitro cultivation of pathogenic protozoa of man and domestic , Ed. J. B. Jensen, CRC Uniscience pp. 111-153.

41. Chang, K.-P. & Fong, D. (1983) Cell biology of host-parasite membrane interactions in leishmaniasis. Cytopathology of Parasitic Diseases. Ciba Foundation Symp. 99: 113-131.

42. Chang, K.-P., Dasch, G. & Weiss, E. (1984). Endosymbionts of fungi and invertebrates other than insects, In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Ed. N.R. Krieg, Vol. I, 853-863, William & Wilkins, Baltimore.

43. Dasch, G., Chang, K.-P. & Weiss, E. (1984) Endosymbionts of insects. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Ed. N.R. Krieg, Vol. I, 811-830, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.

44. Weiss, E., Dasch, G., & Chang, K.-P. (1984) Wolbacheae. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Ed. N.R. Krieg, Vol. I, 711-717, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.

45. Hu, X.-S. & Chang, K.-P. (1984) Vaccination of mice with formalin-killed amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana against Leishmania donovani: Muramyl dipeptide-enhanced protection. Acta Acad. Med. Sichuan 15: 91-97.

46. Fong, D., Wallach, M., Keithly, J., Melera, P.W. & Chang, K.-P. (1984) Differential expression of mRNAs for tubulin during differentiation of a parasitic protozoan, Leishmania mexicana. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 5782-5786.

47. Kiehlbauch, J.A., Albach, R.A., Baum, L.L. & Chang, K.-P. (1985) Phagocytosis of Campylobacter jejuni and its intracellular survival in mononuclear phagocytes. Infect.Immun. 48: 446-451.

48. Hu, X.-S. & Chang, K.-P. (1985) Immunization of BALB/c mice with cultured amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: Protection by gamma-irradiated parasites. Acta Acad. Med. Sichuan 16: 1-5.

49. Chang, C.S. and Chang, K.-P. (1985) Heme acquisition and utilization by intracellular and extracellular stages of L. m. amazonensis. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 16: 267-276.

50. Chang, K.-P., Fong, D and Bray, R.S. (1985) Biology of Leishmania and leishmaniasis. In: Leishmaniasis, Eds. K.-P. Chang and R.S. Bray, Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp. 1-27.

4 51. Chang, K.-P. & Hendricks, D.L. (1985) Laboratory maintenance of leishmaniae. In: Leishmaniasis, Eds. K.-P. Chang & R.S. Bray, Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp. 213-246.

52. Fong, D. and Chang, K.-P. (1986) Changes in tubulin mRNAs during differentiation of a parasitic protozoan, Leishmania mexicana. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 466: 129.

53. Chang, K.-P., Nacy, C.A. & Pearson, R.D. (1986) Intracellular of macrophages in leishmaniasis: In vitro systems and their applications. In: Phagocytosis and cytotoxicity of macrophages Methods in Enzymol. 132: 603-625.

54. Chang, C.S. and Chang, K.-P. (1986) Monoclonal antibody affinity purification of a leishmania membrane glycoprotein and its inhibition of leishmania-macrophage binding. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 100-104.

55. Chang, C.S., Inserra, T.J., Kink, J.A., Fong, D., and Chang, K.-P. (1986) Expression and size heterogeneity of a 63 kDa membrane glycoprotein during growth and transformation of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 18: 197-210.

56. Kink, J.A. & Chang, K.-P. (1987) Tunicamycin-resistant Leishmania mexicana:: Virulent phenotype associated with increased N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase activity and amplification of its gene. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 1253-1257.

57. Kink, J.A. & Chang, K.-P. (1987) Biological and biochemical characterization of tunicamycin-resistant Leishmania mexicana. Infect. Immun. 55: 1692-1700.

58. Chang, K.-P., Kink, J.A., and Detke, S. (1987) Tunicamycin-resistant Leishmania mexicana: Increased Nacetylglucosaminyltransferase, its gene and virulence. In: Molecular Strategy of Parasite Invasion UCLA Winter Symposium., NS 42: 77-86.

59. Chang, K.-P. (1987) Molecular pathogenicity of Leishmania in intracellular parasitism of macrophages: Association of virulent phenotype with increased expression of a major membrane glycoprotein and microsomal Nacetylglucosaminyltransferase. In: Host-parasite cellular and molecular interactions in protozoal infections, Eds. K.-P. Chang & D. Snary, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg NATO ASI Series Vol. H11, 107-116.

60. Chaudhuri, G. & Chang, K.-P. (1987) Acid protease activity of Leishmania gp63 and its possible role in virulence. In: Host-parasite cellular and molecular interactions in protozoal infections, Eds. K.-P. Chang & D. Snary, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, NATO ASI Series H11, 169-173.

61. Kink, J.A. & Chang, K.-P. (1988) N-glycosylation as a biochemical basis for virulence in Leishmania Mexicana amazonensis. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 27: 181-190.

5 62. Chaudhuri, G. & Chang, K.-P. (1988) Acid protease activity of a major surface membrane glycoprotein (gp63) from Leishmania mexicana promastigotes. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 27: 43-52.

63. Detke, S., Chaudhuri, G., Kink, J.A., & Chang, K.-P. (1988) DNA amplification in tunicamycin-resistant Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Multiple copies of a single 63 Kilobase supercoiled molecule. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 3418-24.

64. Chaudhuri, G. & Chang, K.-P. (1988) A simple method for isolation of extrachromosomal circular DNA in unicellular . Nucleic Acids Research 16: 2341.

65. Kahl, L.P., Chang, K.-P., & , F.Y. (1988) the 63kDa promastigote protease of Leishmania: Assessment of host-protection in BALB/c mice using liposomes as adjuvant. In: Leishmaniasis: The new strategies for control, Ed. D.T. Hart, NATO ASI Series. A, Vol 163, pp 417-422.

66. Olafson, R.W.,Chang, K.-P., & Ferguson, A.J.M. (1988) Biochemical characterization of Leishmania gp63 as acid protease. In: Leishmaniasis: The new strategies for control, Ed. D.T. Hart, NATO ASI Series. A, Vol 163, pp. 619-625.

67. Chang, K.-P., Chaudhuri, G., Chaudhuri, M., Katakura, K., Detke, S., & , R. (1989) Molecular determinants of Leishmania virulence: Surface metallo-proteinase, N-glycosylation and DNA amplification. In: Current Perspectives in Parasitic Diseases, Ed. R.C. Ko, Hong Kong, University Press, Hong Kong, pp.111-128.

68. Detke, S. & Chang, K.-P. (1989) DNA amplification in sodium arsenite-resistant Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Exp. Cell Res. 180: 161-170.

69. Chaudhuri, G., Chaudhuri, M., Pan, A. & Chang, K.-P. (1989) Surface acid protease (gp63) of Leishmania mexicana. A metalloenzyme capable of protecting liposome-encapsulated proteins from phagolysosomal degradation. J. Biol. Chem. 264:7483-9.

70. Katakura, K. & Chang, K.-P. (1989) H-DNA amplification in Leishmania resistant to both arsenite and methotrexate. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 34: 189-192.

71. Olafson, R.W., Thomas, J.R., Ferguson, M.A.J., Dwek, R.A., Chaudhuri, M., Chang, K.-P. & Rademacher, T.W. (1990) Structures of the N-linked oligosaccharides of gp63, the major surfact glycoprotein, from Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. J. Biol. Chem. 256:12240-12247.

72. Chang, K.-P., Chaudhuri, G. & Fong D. (1990) Molecular determinants of Leishmania virulence. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 44:499-529.

73. Chang, K.-P. (1990) Cell biology of Leishmania. In: Modern Parasite Biology-Cellular, immunological and molecular aspects. Ed. D.J. Wyler, W.H. Freeman Co., New York, Chapter 5 pp. 79-90.

6 74. Chang, K.-P. Chaudhuri, G., Chaudhuri, M. & Katakura, K. (1990) Gp63 as a surface metalloproteinase in Leishmania virulence: Molecular determinants of proteolytic activity and N-glycosylation. In: Immune Recognition and Evasion: Molecular Aspects of Host-Parasite Interaction, Eds. Lex H.T. Van der Ploeg, C.R., Cantor and H.J. Vogel, P & S Biomedical Science Symposium, Academic Press, New York, pp. 279-293.

75. Katakura K., Peng, Y., Pithawalla, R., Detke, S. & Chang, K.-P. (1991) Tunicamycin-resistant variants from five species of Leishmania contain amplified DNA in extrachromosomal circles of different sizes with a transcriptionally active homologous region. Mol. Biochem Parasitol. 44:233-244.

76. Lee, S.-Y., Lee, S.-T. & Chang, K.-P. (1992) Transkinetoplastidy - A novel phenomenon involving bulk alteration of mitochondrion-kinetoplast DNA of a trypanosomatid protozoan. J. Protozool. 39:190-196.

77. Liu, Xuan & Chang, K.-P. (1992) Extrachromosomal genetic complementation of surface metalloproteinase-deficient Leishmania increases its binding to macrophages. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 4991-4995.

78. Liu, Xuan & Chang, K.-P. (1992) The 63 kb circular amplicon of tunicamycin-resistant Leishmania contains a functional Nacetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase gene that can be used as a dominant selectable marker in transfection. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12: 4112-4122.

79. Liu, Xuan & Chang, K.-P. (l993) N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase gene is conserved in five Leishmania species and overexpressed due to its amplification in their tunicamycin-resistant variants. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 59: 177-180.

80. Lee, S.-T., Tarn, C. & Chang, K.-P. (l993) Characterization of the switch of kinetoplast DNA minicircle dominance during development and reversion of drug resistance in Leishmania. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 58: 187-204.

81. Chang, K.-P. (l993) Evolution and regulation of Leishmania virulence. Proc. CSIR Symp., Current Trends in Leishmania Research, CSIR Press, New Dehli, pp. 15-28.

82. Mensa-Wilmot, K., LeBowitz, J. H., Chang, K.-P., Al-Qahtani, A., McGwire, B. S., Tucker, S. and Morris, J. C. (l994) A Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-negative phenotype produced in Leishmania major by GPI phospholipase C from Trypanosoma brucei:: Topology of two GPI pathways. J. Cell Biol. 124: 935-947.

83. , H. -G., Zhong, L., Guan, L. -R., , J. -Q, Hu, X. -S., Chai, J. -J., , Z. -B., Wang, C. -T. and Chang, K. -P. (l994) Separation of Chinese Leishmania isolates into five genotypes by kinetoplast and chromosomal DNA heterogeneity. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 50: 763-770.

7 84. Qu, J. -Q., Zhong, L., Masoom-Yasinzai, M., Rab, M. A., Aksu, H. S. Z., Reed, S. G., Chang, K. -P. and Gilman-Sachs, A. (l994) Serodiagnosis of Asian leishmaniasis with a recombinant antigen from the repetitive domain of a Leishmania kinesin. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg 88:543-545.

85. Liu, Xuan & Chang, K. -P. (l994) Identification by extrachromosomal amplification and overexpression of a zeta-crystallin/NADPH-oxidoreductase homologue constitutively expressed in Leishmania spp. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 66:201-210.

86. McGwire, B.S. & Chang, K.-P. (l994) Genetic rescue of surface metalloproteinase-deficiency in Leishmania amazonensis variants increases their infection of macrophages at the early phase. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 66:345-347.

87. Du, Yubin & Chang, K. -P. (l994) Phylogenetic heterogeneity of three Crithdia spp. vs. . Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 66:171-174.

88. Du, Yubin, McLaughlin, G. and Chang, K.-P. (1994) 16S ribosomal DNA sequence identities of beta-proteobacterial endosymbionts in three Crithidia species. J. Bacteriol. 176: 3081-3084.

89. Du, Y., Maslov, D.A. and Chang, K.-P. (1994) Monophyletic origin of _-division proteobacterial endosymbionts and their coevolution with trypanosomatid protozoa Blastocrithidia culicis and Crithidia spp. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 8437-8441.

90. Guan, L.-R., , Y.-Q., Xu, Y.-X., Qu, J.-Q., Zho, X.-P., Wang, G., Lu, H.-G., Zhong, L & Chang, K.-P. (1994) Leishmaniasis in Karamay. XIV: Identification of isolates from naturally infected Phlebotmus major wui. Chin. J. Parasitol. Parasit. Dis. 12: 257-261.

91. , M., Albach, R.A., Chang, K.-P., Tripathi, R.L.and Kemp. R.G. (1995) Cloning and sequencing a putative pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase gene from Entomoeba histolytica. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1260: 215-217.

92. Aksoy, S., Arturk, S., Armstrong, M.Y.K., Chang, K.-P., Gottlieb, M., Ozcel, M.A., Richards, F.F. and Western, K. (1995). The GAP project in southeatern Turkey: The potential for emergence of diseases. Emerg. End. Dis. 3: 45-48.

93. Singh, S., Gilman-Sachs, A., Chang, K.-P. and Reed, S.G. (1995) Diagnostic and prognostic value of K39 recombinant antigen in Indian leishmaniasis. J. Parasitol. 81: 1000-1003.

94. Singh, S., McGwire, B.S. and Chang, K.-P. (1995) Kinetoplast and nuclear DNA polymorphism of visceral Leishmania isolates from northern India. J. Protozool. Res. 5: 27-32.

95. Brittingham, A., Morrison, C.J., McMaster, W.R., McGwire, B. S., Chang, K.-P. and Mosser, D.M. (1995) The role of the Leishmania surface protease, gp63, in complement fixation, cell adhesion and resistance to complement-mediated lysis. J. Immunol. 155: 3102-3111.

8 96. Chang, K.-P. (1995) Leishmaniasis. In: Encyclopedia of human biology. Ed. R. Dubelcco, Academic Press, San Diego, Vol. 5, pp. 275-281.

97. Singh, S. & Chang, K.-P. (1996) Genetic heterogeneity among Indian Leishmania donovani isolates. In Indian Kala-Azar. Ed. S. Sundar, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, pp. 197-204.

98. McGwire, B.S. and Chang, K.-P. (1996) Posttranslational regulation of a Leishmania HEXXH-metalloproteinase (gp63). The effects of site-specific mutagenesis of catalytic, zinc-binding, N-glycosylation and GPI-addition sites on N-terminal end cleavage, intracellular stability and extracellular exit. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 7903-9.

99. Chakrabarty, R., Mukherjee, S., Lu, H.-G., McGwire, B.S., Chang, K.-P. & Basu, M.K. (1996) Kinetics of entry of virulent and avirulent strains of Leishmania donovani into macrophages: A possible of virulence gene. J. Parasitol. 82: 632-635.

100. Yasinzai-Masoom, M. & Chang, K.-P. (1996) Characterization of gp63, a major surface glycoprotein on Leishmania isolates of Pakistan. J. Parasit. Dis. 20: 11-16.

101. Chang, K.-P. (1997) Leishmaniasis. In: Encyclopedia of human biology. 2nd Edition, Ed. R. Dubelcco, Academic Press, San Diego. Vol. 5, pp. 275-281.

102. Kawazu, S.-I., Lu, H.G. & Chang, K.-P. (1997) Stage-independent splicing of transcripts from two heterlogous neighboring genes in Leishmania amazonensis. Gene 196: 49-59.

103. Lu, H.G., , Z., Chang, K.-P. & Docampo, R. (1997) Intracellular Ca2+ pool content and signaling and expression of a calcium pump are linked to virulence in Leishmania mexicana amazonensis amastigotes. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 9464-9473.

104. Ozensoy, S., Ozbel, Y., Turgay, N., Alkan, M.Z., Gul, K., Gilman-Sachs, A., Chang, K.-P., Reed. S.G. & Ozcel, M. A. (1998) Sero-diagnosis and epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Turkey. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 59: 363-369.

105. Katakura, K., Kawazu, S.-I., Naya, T., Nagakura, K., Ito, M., Aikawa, M., Qu, J.-Q., Guan, L.-R., , X.-P., Chai, J.-J., Chang, K.-P. and Matsumoto, Y. (1998) Diagnosis of Kala-azar by nested PCR based on amplification of the Leishmania mini-exon gene. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 2173-2177.

106. Mensa-Wilmot, K., Garg, N., McGwire, B.S., Lu, H.-G., Zhong, L., Armah, D.A., LeBowitz, J.H., Chang, K.-P. (1999) Roles of free GPIs in amastigotes of Leishmania. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 99: 103 – 116.

107. Chen, D.Q., Lu, H.G. and Chang, K.-P. (1999) Replacement of the gene encoding N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase requires episomal rescue in Leishmania amazonensis. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 100: 223-227.

9 108. Brittinggham, A., Chen, G., McGwire, B. S., Chang, K.-P. and Mosser, D. (1999) Interaction of Leishmania gp63 with cellular receptors for fibronectin. Inf. Immun. 67: 4477-4484.

109. Chang, K.-P. (1999) Leishmaniasis in the Old World. In: Epidemiology and control of leishmaniasis in Central Eurasia, Research report series No. 1 (1996-1998), Ed. Y. Matsumoto, Int. Press Edit. Cent. Inc., Tokyo, pp. 1-14.

110 .Katakura, K., S.-I. Kawazu, T. Naya, K. Nagakura, M. Ito, M.Aikawa, J.-Q. Qu , L.-R. Guan. X.-P. Zuo , J.-J. Chai, K.-P. Chang and Y. Matsumoto (1999) PCR-Based Diagnosis of Kala-Azar in Xinjiang-Uigur Autonomous Region, China. In: Epidemiology and control of leishmaniasis in Central Eurasia, Research report series No. 1 (1996-1998), Ed. Y. Matsumoto, Int. Press Edit. Cent. Inc., Tokyo, pp.37-44.

111. Nakakura, K., T. Naya, K. Katakura, J.-J. Chai, S.-I. Kawazu, M. Ito, J.-Q. Qu, L.-R. Guan, K.-P. Chang, M. Aikawa and Y. Matsumoto (1999) IFA is a Powerful Tool to Monitor the Progression of Visceral Leishmaniasis In: Epidemiology and control of leishmaniasis in Central Eurasia, Research report series No. 1 (1996-1998), Ed. Y. Matsumoto, Int. Press Edit. Cent. Inc., Tokyo, pp. 45-47.

112. Qu, J.-Q., Q. Feng, I. Shulidan, X.-P. Zuo, J.J. Chai, S.-I. Kawazu, K. Katakura, Y. Matsumoto, S. G. Reed and K.-P. Chang (1999) Serodiagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northwestern China: Rapid Screening with a Recombinant Antigen (rK39) in Dipstick Format and Its Specificity vs. Promastigote Antigens. In: Epidemiology and control of leishmaniasis in Central Eurasia, Research report series No. 1 (1996-1998), Ed. Y. Matsumoto, Int. Press Edit. Cent. Inc., Tokyo, pp.48-56.

113. Nagakura, K., T. Naya, K. Katakura, J.-J. Chai, S.-I. Kawazu, M. Ito, J.-Q. Qu, L.-R. Guan, K.-P. Chang, M. Aikawa and Y. Matsumoto (1999) Parasites Detection Using Biopsies from Chinese Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis In: Epidemiology and control of leishmaniasis in central Eurasia, Research report series No. 1 (1996-1998), Ed. Y. Matsumoto, Int. Press Edit. Cent. Inc., Tokyo, pp.75-77

114. Kawazu, S.-I., K. Katakura, K. Nagakura. T. Naya, Mamoru Ito, Y. Nakai, M. Aikawa, Jing- Qu, L.R. Guan, X.-P. Zuo, J.-J. Chai, K.-P. Chang and Yoshitsugu Matsumoto (1999) Zeta-crystallin/NADPH oxidoreductase homologue (p36) gene sequences for analysis of the phylogenetic relationships among Leishmania spp In: Epidemiology and control of leishmaniasis in central Eurasia, Research report series No. 1 (1996-1998), Ed. Y. Matsumoto, Int. Press Edit. Cent. Inc., Tokyo, pp.78-82.

115. Chang, K.-P., Akman L. and Nielson, J. (1999) Leishmania virulence and genetic heterogeneity, Ed. O. Omeish, Clin. Dermatol. 17: 269-273.

10 116. Chai J, Chang KP, Zuo X, L, Hou Y, Zhang S, Ruziguli, Jiang W, Zhang L. (1999) [Protective effects of leishmanial antigens against Leishmania infantum infection in Lagurus lagurus]. Chin. J. Parasitol. Parasit. Dis. [Zhongguo Chong Xue Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi.]. 17: 237-40.

117. Chen, D.-Q, Kolli, B.K., Yadava, N., Lu, H.-G., Gilman-Sachs, A., Peterson, D.A. and Chang, K.-P. (2000) Episomal expression of specific sense- and anti-sense mRNAs in Leishmania amazonensis: Modulation of gp63 level in promastigotes and their infection of macrophages in vitro. Inf. Immun. 68: 80-86.

118. Akman, L., Ozensoy, S., Ozbel, Y., Turgay, N., Alkan, M.Z., Ozcel, M.A., Culha, G., Ozcan, K., Aksu, H.A.Z. and Chang. K.-P. (2000) Multi-site DNA polymorphism analyses of Leishmania isolates define their genotype predicting clinical epidemiology of leishmaniasis in a specific region. J. Euk. Microbiol. 47: 545-554.

119. Qu JQ, Guan LR, Shulidan I, Zuo XP, Chai JJ, Chen SB, Kawazu S, Katakura K, Matsumoto Y, Reed SG, Chang KP (2000) [Rapid screening with a recombinant antigen (rK39) for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using dipstick.] Chin. J. Parasitol. Parasit. Dis. 18:155-8.

120. Ma Y, Hu XS, Chang KP (2000) [Diagnosis of kala-azar by rK39 dipstick assay] Chin. J. Parasitol. Parasit. Dis. [Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi] 18: 252. In Chinese.

121. Terabe, M., Kuramochi, T., Ito, M., Hatabu, T., Sanjoba, C., Chang, K.-P., Onodera, T., Matsumoto, Y. (2000) CD4(+) cells are indispensable for ulcer development in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. Infect Immun. 68:4574-4577.

122. Guan LR, Qu JQ, JJ, Matsumoto Y, Chang KP. (2001) [Detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis by rK 39 antigen dipstick method]. Chin. J. Parasitol. Parasit. Dis. 19: 58.

123. Sah, J.F., Ito, H., Kolli, B.K., Peterson, D.A., Sassa, S. and Chang, K.-P. (2002) Genetic rescue of Leishmania deficiency in porphyrin biosynthesis creates mutants suitable for analysis of cellular events in uroporphyria and for photodynamic therapy. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 14902-14909.

124. Volf, P., Ozbel, Y.,Akkafa, F., Svobodová, M., Votpka, J., and Chang, K.-P. (2002). Sand (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in Sanliurfa, Turkey: Relationship of Phlebotomus sergenti with the Epidemic of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. J. Med. Entomol. 39: 12-15.

125. McGwire, B.S., O'Connell, W.A., Chang, K.-P. and Engman, D.M. (2002) Extracellular release of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked Leishmania surface metalloprotease, gp63, is independent of GPI phospholipolysis. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 8802-8809.

11 126. Hatabu T, Matsumoto Y, Kawazu S, Nakamura Y, Kamio T, Lu HG, Chang KP, Hashiguchi Y, Kano S, Onodera T, Matsumoto Y. (2002) The expression system of biologically active canine interleukin-8 in Leishmania promastigotes. Parasitol. Int. 51: 63-71.

127. Chang, K.-P. & McGwire, B.S. (2002) Molecular determinants and regulation of Leishmania virulence. Kinetoplastid Biology and Disease 1:1-7. (http://www.kinetoplastids.com/content/1/1/1).

128. Motta, M.C.M., De Souza, W. and Chang, K.-P. (2002) Endosymbiosis of beta-Proteabacteria with trypanosomatid protozoa. In: Symbiosis, Ed. J. Seckbach, Hebrew University Press, Jerusalem.

129. Chang K-P (2002) Leishmaniases. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, vol. 11, pp. 10-18. London: Nature Publishing Group. http://www.els.net/

130. Chang, K.-P., Reed, S.G., McGwire, B.S. & Soong, L. (2003) Leishmania model for microbial virulence: The relevance of parasite multiplication and pathoantigenicity. Acta Trop. 85: 375-90.

131. McGwire BS, Chang KP, Engman DM.(2003) Migration through the Extracellular Matrix by the Parasitic Protozoan Leishmania Is Enhanced by Surface Metalloprotease gp63. Infect Immun. 71(2):1008-1010.

132. Rosypal AC, Troy GC, Zajac AM, Duncan RB Jr, Waki K, Chang KP, Lindsay DS. (2003) Emergence of zoonotic canine leishmaniasis in the United States: isolation and immunohistochemical detection of Leishmania infantum from foxhounds from Virginia. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2003;50 Suppl:691-3.

133. Chan, M.M.Y., Bulinski, J.C., Chang, K.-P. and Fong. D. (2004) Leishmania amazonensis expressing highly fluorescent green fluorescent protein (GFP) multimer: Their use for rapid in vitro and in vivo drug screening assays. Parasitol. Res. 89: 266-271.

134. Toz SO, Chang KP, Ozbel Y, Alkan MZ. (2004) Diagnostic value of rK39 dipstick in zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Turkey. J Parasitol. 90: 1484-6.

135. Katakura K, Fujise H, Takeda K, Kaneko O, Torii M, Suzuki M, Chang KP and Hashiguchi Y (2004) Overexpression of LaMDR2, a novel multidrug resistance ATP-binding cassette transporter, causes 5-fluorouracil resistance in Leishmania amazonensis. Febs Lett 561(1-3):207-12.

136. Thiakaki M., Rohousova I., Volfova V., Volf P , Chang K.-P., Soteriadou K (2005) Sand species-specificity of saliva-mediated protective immunity in Leishmania amazonensis-BALB/c mouse mode. Microbes Infect. 7: 760-6.

12 137. Dutta, S, Ray, D, Kolli, BK, Chang, KP (2005) Photosensitization of Leishmania amazonensis in both extracellular and intracellular stages with aluminum phthalocyanine chloride for photolysis in vitro. Antimicrobial Ag Chemother 49: 4474-84.

138. Sivakumar R, Sharma P, Chang KP, Singh S. (2005) Cloning, expression, and purification of a novel recombinant antigen from Leishmania donovani. Protein Expr Purif. 6 (1):156-65.

139. Chang K-P (2005) Leishmaniases. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0003824, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. http://www.els.net/

140. Chang, K.-P. (2006) Molecular and immunological aspects of Leishmania relevant to control and treatment of leishmaniasis and other diseases in China. [English with translation in Chinese]. In: Leishmaniasis and Phlebotomine sandflies in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region of the People’s Republic of China, Eds. J.J. Chai and L.R. Guan, Xinjiang People’s Publishing Co, pp. 51-79.

141. Culha G, Uzun S, Ozcan K, Memisoglu HR, Chang KP. (2006) Comparison of conventional and polymerase chain reaction diagnostic techniques for leishmaniasis in the endemic region of Adana, Turkey. Int J Dermatol. 45(5):569-572.

142. Thiakaki M, Kolli B, Chang KP, Soteriadou K. (2006) Down-regulation of gp63 level in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes reduces their infectivity in BALB/c mice. Microbes Infect. 8(6):1455-63.

143.Waki, K., Dutta, S., Ray, D., Kolli, B., Kawazu, S.I., , C.-P. and Chang, K.-P. (2007) Transmembrane molecules for phylogenetic analysis of pathogenic protists: Leishmania-specific informative sites in hydrophilic loops of trans-ER N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase. Eukaryotic Cell 6: 198-210.

144. Mehmet S. Serin, Kayoko Waki, Kwang-Poo Chang, Gonul Aslan, Sahin Direkel, Feza Otag, Begum Kayar, Fatih Koksal, Gurol Emekdas (2007) Consistence of miniexon polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism and single-copy gene sequence analyses in discriminating Leishmania genotypes. Diagn. Microbiol. Inf. Dis. 57: 295–299.

145. Chang KP, Kolli BK, Dutta S, Waki K. (2007) Leishmaniac jihad: Let the evils fight the devils. Proc Int Conf Environ Parasitol/Commun Heal Care Initiat. Sect 1-4, pp. 13-16, Ed. S Prakash, Allied Publish, N Delhi, India.

146. Kolli, B.K., Costa, J, Chakrabarty, A. and Chang, K.-P.(2008) Leishmania release nucleoside diphosphate kinase to prevent ATP-dependent apoptosis of infected macrophages Mol Biochem Parasitol 158(2):163-75.

13 147. Dutta, S., Sassa, S., Chang, KP (2008) Leishmania spp.: Delta-aminolevulinate-inducible porphyria by genetic complementation of incomplete heme biosynthesis. Exp Parasitol 118: 629-36.

148. Dutta,S., Kolli,BK, Tang, A., Sassa, S. and Chang, KP (2008) Transgenic Leishmania model for delta-aminolevulinate-inducible monospecific uroporphyria: Cytolytic phototoxicity initiated by singlet oxygen-mediated inactivation of functional proteins and its ablation by evacuation of cytosolic uroporphyrin. Eukaryot. Cell 7: 1146-1157.

149. Mehta SR, Huang R, Yang M, Zhang XQ, Kolli B, Chang KP, Hoffman RM, Goto Y, Badaro R, Schooley RT.(2008) Real time in vivo gfp imaging in a murine leishmaniasis model: a new tool for leishmania vaccine and drug discovery. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 15, 1764–1770.

150. Kumari S, Samant M, Khare P, Misra P, Dutta S, Kolli BK, Sharma S, Chang KP and Dube A. (2009) Photodynamic vaccination of hamsters with inducible suicidal mutants of Leishmania amazonensis elicits T cell-transferable immunity against visceral leishmaniasis. Eup. J. Immunol. 38: 1-14.

151. Varela M RE, Lorena Muñoz D, Robledo SM, Kolli BK, Dutta S, Chang KP, Muskus C. (2009) Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis: An in vitro assay using the expression of GFP for screening of antileishmanial drug. Exp Parasitol. 122:134-9. PubMed PMID: 19303871.

152. Mehta SR, Zhang XQ, Badaro R, Spina C, Day J, Chang KP, Schooley RT. (2010) Flow cytometric screening for anti-leishmanials in a human macrophage cell line. Exp Parasitol. 126:617-20.

153. Wang Y, Chen Y, L, Beverley SM, Carlsen ED, Popov V, Chang KP, Wang M, Soong L (2011) The differential microbicidal effects of human histone proteins H2A and H2B on Leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes. Infect Immun. 79:1124-33.

154. Working Group on Research Priorities for Development of Leishmaniasis Vaccines, Costa CH, Peters NC, Maruyama SR, de Brito EC Jr, Santos IK, et al. (2011) Vaccines for the leishmaniases: proposals for a research agenda. PLoS Negl Trop Dis.5:e943.

155. Dutta, S., Ongarora, B.G., Li, H., Vicente, MGH, Kolli, BK and Chang, KP. (2011) Intracellular targeting specificity of novel phthalocyanines assessed in a host-parasite model for developing potential photomedicine. PLoS ONE 6:e20786.

156. Dutta S, Waki K, Chang KP. (2012) Combinational Sensitization of Leishmania with Uroporphyrin and Aluminum Phthalocyanine Synergistically Enhances their Photodynamic Inactivation in vitro and in vivo. Photochem Photobiol. 88(3):620-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01076.x.

14 157. Majumder HK, de Souza W, Chang KP (2011). Target Identification and Intervention Strategies against Kinetoplastid Protozoan Parasites. Mol. Biol. Internat. Vol. 2011, Article ID 185413, 3 pages doi:10.4061/2011/185413

158. Dutta, S, Chang, C, Kolli, BK, Sassa, S, Yousef M, Showe, M, Showe, L, and Chang, KP. (2012) Delta-aminolevulinate-induced host-parasite porphyric disparity for selective photolysis of transgenic Leishmania in the phagolysosomes of mononuclear phagocytes: A potential novel platform for vaccine delivery. Eukaryotic Cell 11: 430-441.

159. Chang K-P (2012) Leishmaniases. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0001954.pub3, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. http://www.els.net/

160. Chang, K.-P. (2013) Forward “Drug Resistance in Leishmania Parasites, Consequences, Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Treatments”, Ponte-Sucre, Alicia; Diaz, Emilia; Padrón-Nieves, Maritza (Eds.) XIV, Springer.

161. Kaur J, Dutta S, Chang KP, Singh N A (2013) Member of the Ras oncogene family, RAP1A, mediates antileishmanial activity of monastrol. J Antimicrob Chemother. 68:1071-80.

162. Jecna, L, Dostalova, A, Wilson, R, Seblova, V, Chang, KP, Bates, PA, Volf, P (2013) The role of surface glycoconjugates in Leishmania midgut attachment examined by competitive binding assays and experimental development in sand flies. Parasitology 140:1026-32.

163. Chang, KP. (2014) Leishmaniasis. Chapter # 688. In: Reference module in Biomedical Sciences, Michael Caplan Ed., Elsevier, Oxford, UK

164. Chang K-P. (2014) Leishmaniases. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, 3rd Edition.

165. Alam MZ, Nakao R, Sakurai T, Kato H, Qu JQ, Chai JJ, Chang KP, Schönian G, Katakura K. (2014) Genetic diversity of Leishmania donovani/infantum complex in China through microsatellite analysis. Infect Genet Evol. 22C:112-119.

166. Chang, KP. (2014) Vaccination for Disease Prevention and Control: The Necessity of Renewed Emphasis and New Approaches. J Immunol Immunotech. 1(1): 1-4.

167. Shio MT, Christian JG, Jung JY, Chang KP, Olivier M. (2015) PKC/ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Is Attenuated by Leishmania Zinc-Metalloprotease during Infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Jun 26;9(6):e0003868.

168. Lun ZR, MS, Chen YF, Wang JY, Zhou XN, Liao LF, Chen JP, Chow LM, Chang KP (2015). Visceral Leishmaniasis in China: an Endemic Disease under Control. Clin. Microbial. Rev. 28 (4), 987-1004.

15 169. Al-Qahtani A, Saad Alkahtani S, Kolli BK, Tripathi P, Dutta S,. Al-Kahtane AA, Jiang XJ, Ng DKP, Chang KP (2016). Amino-phthalocyanine-mediated photodynamic inactivation of Leishmania tropica. Antimicrob Ag Chemther. 2016 Mar 25;60(4):2003-11.

170. Chang KP, Kolli BK & New Light Group (2016): New "light" for one-world approach toward safe and effective control of diseases and insect vectors from leishmaniac perspectives. Parasit &Vectors. 2016 Jul 13;9(1):396. doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1674-3. PMID: 27412129.

171. Mishra AK, Singh N, Agnihotri P, Mishra S, Singh SP, Kolli BK, Chang KP, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Siddiqi MI, Pratap JV (2017). Discovery of novel inhibitors for Leishmania nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK) based on its structural and functional characterization. J Comput Aided Mol Des. 2017 May 27. doi: 10.1007/s10822-017-0022-9. PMID: 28551817.

172. Chang KP (2018) Overview of leishmaniasis with special emphasis on kala-azar in South Asia. In: Neglected tropical diseases, Eds. Sunit K. Singh, Springer pp. 1-63.

173. Viana SM, Celes FS, Ramirez L, Kolli B, Ng DKP, Chang KP, de Oliveira CI (2018) Photodynamic Vaccination of BALB/c Mice for Prophylaxis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania amazonensis.. Front Microbiol. 2018 Feb 6;9:165. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00165. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5808246/pdf/fmicb-09-00165.pdf

174. Chang KP, Kolli BK, Fan CK, Ng DKP, Wong CTT, Manna L, Corso R, Shih NY,. Elliott RL, Jiang XP, Shiao SH, GL (2018) "Progress toward development of photodynamic vaccination against infectious/malignant diseases and photodynamic mosquitocides", Proc. SPIE 10479, Light-Based Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 1047912 (8 February 2018); doi: 10.1117/12.2281437; https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2281437.

175. Ertabaklar H, Calişkan SO, Kolli BK, Ertuğ S, Ozbilgin A, Malatyali E, Chang KP (2019). Transfection of Leishmania tropica with Green Fluorescent Protein (gfp) Gene and Investigation of the In Vitro Drug Effect. Microbiol. Bull. 2019;53(2):213-223/doi:10.5578/mb.67473.

176. Shiao SH, SC, Luan LQ, Vicente MGH, Jiang XJ, Ng DKP, Kolli BK and Chang KP (2019) Novel phthalocyanines activated by dim light for mosquito larva- and cell-inactivation with inference for their potential as broad-spectrum photodynamic insecticides. PLoS ONE 2019 May 29;14(5):e0217355. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217355. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles PMC6541276/pdf/pone.0217355.pdf

177. Chang KP, Ng DKP, Fan CK, Batchu RB, Kolli BK. (2020) Effective Delivery of Cancer Vaccines with Oxidatively Photo-InactivatedTransgenic Leishmania for Tumor Immunotherapy in Mouse Models. OBM Genetics-Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 2020;4(1):5; doi:10.21926/obm.genet.2001103.

16 178. Sharma R, Viana SM, Ng DKP, Kolli BK, Chang KP, de Oliveira CI (2020). Photodynamic inactivation of Leishmania braziliensis doubly sensitized with uroporphyrin and diamino-phthalocyanine activates effector functions of macrophages in vitro. Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 13;10(1):17065. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74154-1. PMID: 33051524; PMCID: PMC7555832.

179. Chang KP (2021) Leishmaniases. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, 4rd Edition.

180. Chang KP. Forward “Review of leishmaniasis research in Sri Lanka: a guide for emerging researchers in leishmaniasis emerging settings”, Yamuna Deepani Siriwardana, Cambridge Scholars Publishing (Submitted).

17