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Predispersal Seed Predation of Wyethia Amplexicaule, Crepis Acuminata, and Agoseris Glauca

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Predispersal Seed Predation of Wyethia Amplexicaule, Crepis Acuminata, and Agoseris Glauca Predispersal seed predation of Wyethia amplexicaule, Crepis acuminata, and Agoseris glauca Robert L. Johnson and Val Jo Anderson Brigham Young University project • Document seed predation in select forb species • Document occurrence of pest parasitoids • Effect of treatment with imidacloprid methods • 3 plant populations • 20 plants – nearest plant to point on transect bisecting population • 5 random plants per imidacloprid treatment – soil drench – spray – control • Seed heads harvested following anthesis and reared in the lab • Following insect emergence, individual seed were examined for damage Imidacloprid treatment Soil drench: 0.5 gallons solution = 1.2 grams active ingredient Spray: foliar spray until solution begins dripping from foliage Wyethia amplexicaulis Reared capitula 2,256 Neotephritis finalis 2256 Trupanea nigricornis 186 Melanagromyza sp. 15 Lepidoptera 24 Seed damage 60 40 # samples 20 average=39.0% 0 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% % seed damage 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% More Agoseris glauca Reared capitula 575 Campiglossa sp. 155 Diptera (unknown) 18 Seed damage 600 500 400 average=8.1 300 # samples 200 100 0 0% 1-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-99% More % seed damage Imidacloprid treatment: site x treatment (p<0.01) 18.0% b 16.0% 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% a a 6.0% a percent seed damage 4.0% a a 2.0% a a a 0.0% Manti Ridge Teat Mountain Willow Creek habitat control spray drench Crepis acuminata Reared capitula: 2859 Campiglossa sp 52 Phycitodes albatella 133 subsp. mucidella Seed damage 220 200 180 160 average=12.4% 140 120 100 # samples 80 60 40 20 0 0% 1-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% More % seed damage Imidacloprid treatment: habitat x site x year (p<0.01) 10.0% 9.0% 8.0% 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% percent seed damage 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% Squaw Peak Sheep Creek West Mountain Squaw Peak Sheep Creek West Mountain 2006 2007 control spray drench conclusions • Significant seed damage can occur in wild plant populations – Year and site influence percent damage • A new seed predator, host associations, and parasitoids were discovered • Capitulum size of W. amplexicaulis influences pest abundance per capitulum but not total percent seed damage • Imidacloprid treatment can reduce seed damage – soil drench provides greater pest control but was not significant most of the time at the 95% confidence level. Impact of Habitat Alterations to Bee Diversity in Sagebrush and Pinyon/Juniper Communities of the Eastern Great Basin Robert L. Johnson and Val Jo Anderson Brigham Young University project Hypothesis: introduced grassland habitats support lower bee diversity than neighboring native habitats • quantify the differences/similarities in bee diversity between natural and altered habitats – 3 sites x 4 habitats x 3 traps per = 36 traps – Malaise traps – Continuous sampling – two week intervals • quantify vegetation in each habitat – flowering plant density – plant cover sagebrush pinyon/juniper cheatgrass crested wheatgrass Results • 162 taxa • 44 singletons • 21 doubletons – 40.1 % rare Bee abundance – site x year (p=0.04) 100.0 b 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 ab 50.0 aa 40.0 a a 30.0 average bee abundance/trap 20.0 10.0 0.0 Antelope Valley Tintic Valley Yuba site 2006 2007 Bee abundance by habitat (p<0.01) 120 c 100 80 60 40 a a 20 average bee abundance per trap b 0 cheatgrass crested wheatgrass juniper sagebrush habitat Bee richness by habitat (p<0.01) 35 c 30 25 20 a 15 a 10 b average bee bee richness per trap 5 0 cheatgrass crested wheatgrass juniper sagebrush habitat 3D MDS of bee diversity by habitat Transform: Log(X+1) Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity 3D Stress: 0.19 Habitat Cheatgrass Crested Juniper Sagebrush Prevalent and modal bee species Cheatgrass modal habitat bee species % frequency rank species specific Lasioglossum (Dialictus) hyalinum 88.9% 1 x Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) sisymbrii 83.3% 2 x Lasioglossum (Dialictus) incompletum 77.8% 3 x Eucera actuosa Cresson 1878 50.0% 4 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) albohirtum 50.0% 5 x x Lasioglossum (Dialictus) sed i 50.0% 6 Eucera lutziana (Cockerell) 1933 44.4% 7 Agapostemon angelicus Cockerell 1924 38.9% 8 x x Lasioglossum (Dialictus) pruinosiforme 38.9% 9 x x Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) pulveris 38.9% 10 x Lasioglossum (Dialictus) sp. 33.3% 11 Melissodes sp. 33.3% 12 Anthophora urbana Cresson 1878 27.8% 13 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) sp. 19 27.8% 14 Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) incompletum 27.8% 15 Perdita albonotata Timberlake 1954 27.8% 16 x x Sagebrush modal habitat bee species % frequency rank species specific Eucera actuosa Cresson, 1878 55.6% 1 Eucera lutziana (Cockerell, 1933) 55.6% 2 Osmia sp. 55.6% 3 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) sp. K1 44.4% 4 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) hyalinum 38.9% 5 Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) sisymbrii 38.9% 6 Eucera fulvitarsis Cresson, 1878 33.3% 7 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) sp. 33.3% 8 Andrena piperi Viereck, 1904 27.8% 9 x x Anthophora ursina Cresson, 1869 27.8% 10 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) sedi 27.8% 11 45 40 40 35 30 28 25 21 20 # species# 15 11 9 9 9 10 8 77 5 1 0 0 cheatgrass crested wheatgrass juniper sagebrush habitat singletons habitat specific modal Plant richness – habitat x site (p=0.04) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Antelope Valley Tintic Valley Yuba site x habitat interaction cheatgrass crested w heatgrass juniper sagebrush 3D MDS of flowering plant diversity by habitat Transform: Log(X+1) Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity 3D Stress: 0.13 Habitat type Cheatgrass Crested Juniper Sagebrush Herbaceous cover 30% 25% 20% 15% % cover 10% 5% 0% Cheatgrass Crested wheatgrass Sagebrush Juniper habitat floweringBee plant and phenology 3.5 3 2.5 2 abundance log10(x+1)1.5 1 0.5 0 24 Apr 8 May 90 80 22 May 70 5 Jun 60 50 19 Jun # species40 total bee abundance 3 Jul richness 30 20 17 Jul 10 31 Jul 0 14 Aug mean flowering plants/hectare2 24 Apr 28 Aug 8 May 11 Sep 22 May 25 Sep 5 Jun 9 Oct 19 Jun 23 Oct 3 Jul bee richness17 Jul 31 Jul 14 Aug plant richness28 Aug 11 Sep 25 Sep 9 Oct 23 Oct Conclusions 1. Bee diversity is influenced by habitat, site, and year 2. A strong relationship exists between flowering plant diversity and bee diversity 3. Pinyon/juniper habitat generally supports the greatest flowering plant and bee diversity 4. Crested wheatgrass supports the lowest bee abundance and diversity 5. Mature pinyon/juniper stands have high conservation value for bee populations 6. Metrics for restoration success should factor in forb abundance.
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