Miki Basin Industrial Park Environmental Assessment
Exhibit A
Archaeological Inventory Survey
Archaeological Data Recovery Plan
And
Archaeological Data Recovery Report
(Including Cultural Impact Analysis) September 24, 2019
Kurt Matsumoto, COO Pulama Lāna‘i 733 Bishop Street Suite 2000 Honolulu, HI 96813
Re: Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Miki Basin 200 Acre Industrial Development TMK (2) 4-9-002:061 (portion) Dye, DiVito and Maly (May 9, 2018)
Mr. Matsumoto:
This letter confirms that, although not titled as such, the Archaeological Inventory Survey cited above included research compliant with guidelines for development of a cultural impact assessment study (CIA), required by the Hawai‘i Supreme Court’s holding in Ka Paakai O Ka Aina v. Land Use Commission, State of Hawai‘i, 7 P.3d 1068, 94 Hawai‘i 31 (2000).
The study includes descriptions of traditional knowledge of place, and traditional and customary practices as documented in Hawaiian language accounts from Lāna‘i. There also cited important historical accounts penned by foreign residents and visitors, documenting the changes in land use, access and residency from the 1840s to the 1950s. As a result of the rapid decline of the native Hawaiian population on Lāna‘i, and early control of nearly all the land on the island by non-native business interests, little documentation pertaining to the extent to which traditional and customary native Hawaiian rights might be exercised in the petition area survived the passing of time. No native tenant kuleana (property rights) or Royal Patent Grants were issued for lands within the petition area. By the 1870s control of the petition area lands was held under one individual, who also posted notices advising against trespass. By the 1920s, the entire area was dedicated to cultivation of pineapple (see Figure 1). Through the 1930s, the petition area included a residential field camp for Japanese employees of the plantation and their families.
Cultivation of pineapple and maintenance of support infrastructure such as road ways, water lines and stockpile sites was the only land use in the area until the close of the plantation in 1992. The Petition Area was completely cleared and cultivated in pineapple for nearly 70 years. The land was bulldozed, plowed, graded, and planted with pineapples multiple times during that period. Because of the heavy use of pesticides and growth hormones, it would have been highly unlikely that plants of medicinal or other cultural uses would have been gathered across these fields. Since the close of the pineapple plantation in 1992, a few native plant species have volunteered across the nearly 20,000 acres of former pineapple fields. Most notable are the indigenous ‘a‘ali‘i (Dodonaea viscosa), ‘ilima (Sida fallax), naio (Myoporum sandwicense), and the ‘uhaloa (Waltheria indica). While each of the plants have cultural value and uses, none are rare, and all grow throughout the Pālāwai-Miki Region of Lāna‘i.
September 25, 2019 Mr. KurtKurt Matsumoto (Page 2.)
1
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Figure 1. Pineapple Field Harvest in Miki Basin Fields -– Miki Camp in Background (left). HAPCo Photo No. 525, August 31, 19281928 (Lāna‘i(Lana'i Culture & HeritageHeritage Center Collection).
There was no evidence of any protected cultural practices occurring on the site. Therefore, the project will not have any significant negative impact on traditional and customary practices.
Should you have any further questions, please let me know.
‘O'O wau no me ka ha‘aha‘a,ha'aha'a,
KepāKepa Maly P.P.O.O. Box 631500 Lāna‘iLana'i City, Hawai‘iHawai'i 96720 T. S. Dye & Colleagues, Archaeologists, Inc. į2.3 "?įoĔFįįįLand Tenure įįį\į Xį Lįįį4į 9į į \į&įįįį*įĜįįįįįįį:į į0į0įįįįįįįįįįĝį37 į į 735 Bishop St., Suite 315, Honolulu, Hnwai'i 96813 ]1į2.3.1 >3AõzįMahele Ñßį('Aina Statistics} ď Đ įį"3 Z į8Kon Lana'i K/ 00¡$Ğį į37 į2.3.2 QyPlace íįP į,÷.tįC{įNames Referenced in +Dçį@)įN z įClaims by Applicants į įįįįį¢į £įį;įįįį į38 2.33i¤Éį k BUį-įÐuH H [ įñįDisposition of Ahupua'a and ÖýįKonohikl +# įį"3àğÄįClaims on Lana'i įį įįįįįįį38 į i^Êį2.3.4 =ÿįBuke >3A#įMahele ×?įk ę į=Rį(Land Division Book), 1 2 į1848 K. $!!YYį į38 #Archaeological ! "# ! "## ##Inventory Survey for the Miki 2.3.5 į NE Cį?įP VJįoSįAlii and Native Tenant Claims+#æ į į į¥įį¦įį_į%įįįįį`įįĠį 'įįįį/į/įįįįį2Ãį.... 40 Ç< į2.3.6 n# # į(Palapala Sila~D įÙ~įNui, 1855-1867:h g Îį,ć)qEįn įRoyal Patent OFįGrant " įį"r įLands on Lana'i 5į... 6 į45 ## # Basin 200 Acre Industrial # ! #Development 2.3.7į =IċįBoundary Ò Ą įCommission (Ė)į Sįp Uă7į&&8ġįSurveys and Testimonies 6į47 2.46į ,éüĆįÛ G T įRanching Operations įlron Lana'i, į1 61Í hį1854-1951 Methods >75
>4 # %> 38&53>Field Results >76 âĒūŭţĀĔŮƠAbstract 5 8()2>Summary *>and ,*&83#+*3>Conclusions 96 ã ƠBƠAt the Ţ¥ ƠPƠrequest of ó§WƠPulama ÿœ¯³ƠlAna'i, ùlƠôÀƠT. S. u!NƠ®Ơç Dye & Colleagues,"Ķ GƠäĜ?UA* Archaeologists ƠhasƠ),ƖƠcon -2 ƠĉƠducted an Đ)%"Ŋ,R 2}Ơ Əarchaeological inventory^!ƠƎ !Ơsurvey d ƠƆ- į;Ơwith subsurface testingƀAƠij^ƠLƠïƠfor the Miki t ƠBasin >A 6.6#Stratigraphic /-"#> +*7 ;63>Contexts 97 n'6Ơ200 sĝLƠAcre I¦¤ "CƠIndustrial v?. ? ƠŖ; ? ƠDevelopment located Ơ%Ơin the landsCčƠ,ƠxąƉC-Ơof Kalulu ~ƠxƌŋƇgƠand Kaunolu, y|ķĈƠLahaina uŀƃ gƠy|°SƠDistrict, Lana'i IĊÁƠü ƠIsland. The survey-!ƠFKcL$ƠDƠ#Ơ@4ƠƠŤ evaluated the parcel for the presence ĕƠ_Ơ2Ơor absence >B # & >Field 6',Catalog > 98 X@ƠůX&S<Ơ3&Y3&Ơof historic properties Ơand #cƍĆƠcultural Ŏ:£&9CƠńƠmaterials in cŠ3ŗ&ƠXQƠJƠƕŘŕRƠsupport of a zoning <ċRƠDƠE%Ơchange to the C Artifact List 98 `Ň =ŰƠ`"ÂƠproject area. > .4# 4>$36> ñ Pedestrian `T9Ơ¥ģ!Ơsurvey &-ű ƠT Ơresulted in b%Ơthe ı=ŷ Ơidentification Ơand ř)-WŲ1 ƠQƠ1Ơ MĖ1 VƔƠdocumentation of a secondarily Glossary 101 3 deposited * ĤƠ% 4#Ơ95 Į9=DƠ;JŶ5GƠƠ #5ŌeƠ$historic artifact scatter, a secondarily deposited D Ơýlithic)ƠŬ;"£ GƠscatter, Ơ:Ơand an %,331=> > B Ś^ Ơhistoric ƅ´Ơproperty, >M AƠdesignated õŁMƠH7·Ù7¿08hm0q7jƠSite 50-40-98-1980. ú Ơė.Test excavationsŸ, Ơ*ěV§ Ơ{Ơincluded a VƠtotal :##*>Hawaiian 0(3>Terms >102 Y@ƠÖÌƠē<ZƠƁ <ĥµƠZőƠZPƠdĺ=ĸƠ! ƠJƠof 31 backhoe trenches, one of which yielded a IJ¸* ƠQƄĦ¶Ơfire-pit feature, ť#Y4>>Ơ Ơö*Ơrecorded as Site H'50-40-98¹Ú'º0q»Ír8mËƠ1981. . 9#4#,*3>Abbreviations >106 åBƠBoth bŪĘƠhistoric 3Ź Ơproperties "5ħƠare UʼneƠ Ơ±Ğā ĨƠlikely to date ,Ơto BƠƂK ź1Ơwdthe traditional Hawaiian Ơ >Ơperiod $Ơ:ƐƠƠand have been .ƈ¡ğƠƠ TAŔ#"Ơevaluated as significant @ Ơfor ƠW ųČ¡Ơņ żƠ,ƠwƒKSƠthe important information on Hawaiian #&#+Bibliography 1-"<> >106 Ļ Ơhistory $Ơ_īand prehistory EƠEƠNªƠ1.Ơthat they have !*ĬĠ$Ơś_Ơ:4NƠłªƠEŜƠ! yielded or are likely to yield.$jƠz%ƠThe ðƠt ƠMild Basin n6'Ơs2 ƠI ¦¤ }Ơv. U ŏ ƠƓƠ%200 Acre Industrial Development will have{F ƠĎƠ Fĩ Ơ İ ębƠƠƠPƠƠĹ)Ơan adverse effect on both of these historic 4ŻƠ~ ƠƠ 2properties and data recoveryF eƠ). excavations ƠđƠ5#ŝŐĪ $Ơş&Ơ÷ Ơare recommended for Sites Ü'ip'¼08iÎà86Ơ50-40-98-1980 Figures ġƠH7hp6and 50-40½98-1981.0Þ¾ÏrßÓlƠ
1į1 Q.āTį# Ēįsį Gëěįêïu #ùC#įBėV įProject location and nearby archaeological investigations Ĥ ...... įįįįįĥįįįįį%į»į4 6į Contents 2į Ïûĉãäį-į"è Z įįAhupua'a of LSna'i įeį$įįįį&įįįįįįįįį5įMįįĦįįħįįį Ĩį*įįĩįXį 4į$įįįįįį6 į 3į Ú Jį,ú ČNative Register,.įpage įgį1 į¼į į^įįdįį*įįį įįįįįįįįįįįįį 'įįįį4į$įįįįįį21į41 ÐƠ ê¢Ŧ[ ¨¢ļ[ƠIntroduction ×Ơ3 42į P JôįNative ,B.į įįRegister, page 2 į įįeį!įįĪį įįįįMį%į½įįįįįįįį'į/įį į:į :į Lįįįįį9į!į422į Üį5 , |tį> įRegistered Map 2227 į $*ī;į 2Ìį46 2 Background 4 ÔƠ æĂňĵŧ[¨Œ Ơ ÛƠ 6 į (Rvį į-įSketch map of "3å įì)įÝbįm¾įO @ įįįLana'i by W. M. Gibson .../įįĬįaįĭį;įįįįįįįįįįįYįį įį¿įįÀį į56 5 oÃÑƠ2.1 ø\OƠzŨ(ĢŽ\+aƠĴƠSome Traditions from î(fĽƠ]ĭƠLana'i of ë(ƊƋăf(©ƠKaulula'au ÄƠ ƗƠ ƘƠ «Ơ «Ơ ¬Ơ ÅƠ ÆƠ ÇƠ ÈƠ ƙƠ ƚƠ ¬Ơ ƛƠ ƜƠ ƝƠ Ơ kƠ Ơ kƠ/ƠƞƠ ÝƠ į7 (xðAį į Uįs7Sketch map depicting disposition į-įE? į-į"3S [ įof lands of Lana'i @)įÞ!į>įO @ įby W. M. Gibson įįį<į<į59 jį 2.2 Historical Events: Transitions in Land Use and Population on Lana'i 31 oÉÕƠ é Ŵ]ŃĚćƠèƑO+ŵáƠûũ(+ľž]+aƠŅƠìƠþaOƠƠò\š©ōĄſŞ+Ơ+Ơíď(²ĿƠ Ɵ/Ê///ƠØÒƠ į8 (xvįSketch įmap of-įØįMDd Camp + į įį įįįįį įįįįįįįįįįį;įįįįįįįįįį*įį'įįÆį71 ' &) / '/'Prepared for -"#/Pulama Una'i, / /1311 * (/Fraser . $, //%/ /!/+// /Avenue, P.O. Box 630310, Una'i City, HI 96763. 9jį " Tþį-įø įW ĎįLocation of finds within thew į .Ăčį| į8įįproject area į/į$įÁįį'įįįįįÂįįįįįįįįĮįįįį 77
2 ÄŔ10 -qĥŔ ŔArtifacts collected hŔfrom Ŕ. õ¡FŔthe Context Ŕ19 ĒġŔ4 Ŕlithic scatter 8!!//!9Ŕ,Ŕ 78 7I20CQ NAD'aiimi 4N 1ÇŔ11 ?i ŔŔPhotograph of Ŕthe . \ŔŔ lContext 19 lithicŔ Ŕscatter !II]]//xŔ,Ŕ 78 -L Lana'i 12 Ceramics collected from the Context 20 artifact scatter 79 ! '// 1%Ŕ .4 Ė Ŕ 5 ŔhŔFŔ. 4\FŔ2Ŕ *ùŔ Ŕ·^K9Ŕ,Ŕ Island "V / * 1MŔ13 - ĦŔArtifacts Ŕcollected hŔŔ. ¡ŔŔfrom the Context 18 ēF$Ŕ4DŔlithic scatter y¸/¢¢z:9ŔŔ 80 c (r 1"Ŕ14 nŔŔSketch map # Ŕand e Ŕ[X ŔŔcross section of $ŔSite ÚJ"JJŔ50-40-98-1980 fire-pit ŔŔ81 ~<Ŕ15 ?DŔProject DfŔľŔarea showing AĢ ŔŔ4\Q Ŕ3plocation of excavated backhoeŔĨ Ŕtrenches L99ņŔ 2Ŕ82 Area ~=Ŕ16 6 EPŔqüŔStratigraphic profiles Ŕfor Ŕ @ŔBackhoe Trenches 1SŔ1-8 ¹000^^!:KK º»LL:;Ŕ+Ŕ83 or \ beta" `,Ŕ17 6[jPŔ gŔStratigraphic profiles Ŕfor pŔ @ŔBackhoe Trenches ±=Ŕ9-16 |ŇňʼnŊŔ aŔ86 K `Ŕ18 6[jPŔ gŔŔ ŔStratigraphic profile of the . &\Ŕ%ŔContext 12 ²Ę ŔŔfire-pit ŔŔŔŔŔŔŔŔŔŔŔŔ{Ŕ9ŔŔ¼ŔŔ{Ŕ|ŔŔ90 ÅŔ19 EFkrPŔqýŔStratigraphic profiles Ŕ Ŕfor Backhoe &C@ŔTrenches `,S%"Ŕ;KKLL;;0Ŕ17-24 MŔ93 ( \ \ %Ŕ20 6[jPŔStratigraphic gŔ Ŕ pŔprofiles for Backhoe @Ŕ%
3 4 Ō 5ƃolder kama'aina ƃ ƃat that !¹ƃtime, ƃƃand an ŝƃ@ŵƃ ƃexhaustive review of ! ƃpertinent `ƃc@ºƃdocumentary sources, including records held by Kumu Pono Associates and the Lana'i Culture & Heritage Center. J ƃƃ # ƃ ƃèOOƃYƃuř ƃƃa ƃí¨ƃD4Ūƃ§ƃE#œƃD#a@Çƃ ICa«n« Ft, ( KaHolcunui 1 ƃ%, 'ƃ27Ŵƃ$/The historical narratives cited ƃƃonƃ the 'ƃfollowing ƃpages Ŷƃprovide readers6ƃ ƃƃwith access ƃto n» i Paomat ƃ ƃ ƃƃsome of the most üƃdetailed ƃand >H-ƃearliest ƃaccounts ƃrecorded <ƃ9 8Uƃzƃfrom Lana'i. The ~bƃnarratives ę#ƃoffer ! Kaa \ ƃķ& ƃa glimpse ƃŜƃinto the JŔƃ5ƃğ?ƃ-ƃƁ ƃhistory recorded from the experience 2and ƃ`ƃ ƃŞƃmemory of native ƃresidents \ ƃand (e&Łƃeyewitness dƃ ƃ- ƃ ƃ ĉb accounts of those who participated ƃĬƃin ƃthe ƃevents % ƃƃwhich now Āƃ9 ^© gƃmake Lana'i's f J(pƃhistory. ïƃ ƃƃSome of these %ő'ƃhistorical {şƃ ƃ+#ƃnarratives have been ƃtranslated
,2.1 ,,He Wahi $$ $,"$,Mo'olelo no #,, ) ) *,Lana'i a Kaulula'au: $!,Some %( $#',&Traditions from$!, " ,$,Lana'i of *Kaulula'au + +,
Ķ h\ƃ ƃLana'i is IJśƃ ƃsixth in 3Pƃ ƃsize of ƃthe þƃEõûƃæ Fƃmajor Hawaiian Islands ¶ÊƃÚ·Bƃ(fig. 2), and ƃ]3ƃĿƃlike all ƃislands &ƃ ƃin the ¼ƃ ƃƃ AƃĨ ƃ ņƃgroup, it was formed through volcanic 7ƃƃ ƃ>ƃeruptions and is constantly &Ġƃ ƃ (ƃbeing reshaped by 1 'ƃerosional ŠŷËƃñƃ 6 ƃ'5{ƃƃ _ƃactivity. The primary caldera was in L ƃthe 6ƃarea Żƃnow žƃƃ ƃknown as the Y =ƃä3nƃPalawai Basin, ƃ\ƃ ƃ7ƃand it is estimated ƃ that Lana'iª ƃ,ŗƃfirst ƃ ƃƃ ƃ ƀ#'fƃrose above sea level approximately XVÝƃńƃ1.5 million (,ƃyears Vƃçƃago. It ƃ ſ#>ƃis approximately XsqÛÞƃVƃ13.25 mi. ƃ ƃÙrƃŃqƃ=kƃƃƃ ƃ% ƃlong by 13 mi. wide, and at its highest /½ƃpoint, « ƃLana'i V Harbor å ¾ƃHale, ƃstands s¿rtWƃ Ìƃùƃ3,370 ft. above ƃ 4Íƃ1 ƃsea level. The 2ƃ ƃ0 Q/ƃisland of Moloka'i ĺƃƃ ƃ5 ƃ ƃlies to the north of x ¬&CƃLana'i, čƃƃ.Ä]across the Ka-lohi%ƃD Ŋ#'kƃChannel, and ƃ0O&ƃMaui &ƃƃƃlies to the Cƃƃ-ƃRuƃeast, across the 'Au'au and ƃî ƃNaeheehe D 4àƃChannels; !ƃthe ƃ ƃchannel of .T T T.Ħƃ*ƃƃ Ke-ala-i-Kahiki and the island *ƃ ƃéi ƃof Kaho'olawe '3ƃƃ)ƃlie to the ! Uƃsoutheast. z ƃ)ĖƃThe southern 2ƃand ėƃ ƃ ƃyi ƃ western sides of LSnal faceƃ ƃ ƃƃƃƃ
ßƃ5 6 bƪ;Z¦AƪFěAƪThe culture, beliefs, ƪand ƪƪ ƪpractices of the 'Ƣŀƪŗ ƪHawaiians mirrored ƪthe Ƃ: ƪnatural &" ƪenvironment (g ~:ľKanepa'ina. 2ľThe ľword anela @(Hawaiianized %Ęķľ$Aľ ľangel) is ľb ľPľĵ:ľāľ cľľused by the writer in place of >ľthe 0ƪ6Cƪêğaround them. Theyƪ ƪƪlearned to Ő&ƪƣĶƪlive within fƪ ƪƪthe wealth and #)9 ƪƪ/ ƪlimitations of their ƐŲ )0Çƪsurroundings. q¿ã Q ľ ľtraditional words 'aumakua ľor akua. D ľAlso d Ġľcited ."ľwithin < ľthis ))ľ ľľaccount is a pule utteredľb ľby è ƪƪWW ƪThere is significant : į ƪarchaeological Ɲ ƪƪevidence on /ƪthe ƪ żƪ*ƪiƪisland indicating that in ƪthe "ƪperiod ) ľĝ PľľZÈ Vľancient residents of Lana'i. ċ ƪĞƪbefore western Contact, $ ƪmore ! ƪ 5Keƪ ƪ-ƪpeople lived on the 0ƪland ùc ƦrĮ Ƥƪsustainably—growing ƪ ƪand catching # ƪall *ƧƪÂ* ƪthey needed— than ƚ ¨ƪcurrently )&ƪƪlive upon /ƪthe H vƪisland. & ƪSeveral $! ƪimportant Ž9ƪ1úƨtraditions pertain ƪƪ ƪing to the 6ƪƪ(Tsettlement of Lana'i]ƪ ƪand ƪcZĤƪƪ \ ƪƪ the beliefs and practices of ƪ=ƪ =ƪthe ancient residents S ƪare No na Akuao kaWa Kahiko ... About the Cods of Ancient Times 6$6 ƪƪ ƪ! ƪƪcommemorated at such places as £ Ɣ,LBƪS ĵqƪsösïÃ} Bƪ'û¥AƪE^ ƪKaulula'au, Kalaehl, Ke-ahi-a-Kawelo, Halulu, Pu'upehe, ,%ľHa KľľÎľmai he wahi ľmoolelo ľno ľka #ľmalama Hereľ ľis aľĒ> ľlittle qÂ9Qľtradition $OÐľľĐľpertaining to ob E8/ʼnƪ83ƪPohaku o, ó0«ƪ¬ƪKanepu'u, Ka'ena YAƪiki, õƪNanahoa, 'L #MX_ƪƪEƑÄt}SHwƪHa'alelepa'akai, and Puhi-o-Ka'ala. Nľľ"ľ6ľana o kekahi anela ľľpaha, a #ľmau × ľanela paha,ľ ï)ľservances ľľfor a àÏľcertain ľ@8Ü6AľĽľangel (guardian), an a;ƪAncient '§øƪHawaiian Ɵ ƪvillages, 16 ƪceremonial ƃĕ`ƪĔ@Ŋƪ1U¤Ƅ ƪfeatures, dryland agricultural ¹ƪfields, Ħ .ƪfishponds, ľoia ľľhoi he ľmau (4ľ ľKane paha. ľľPenei ua İ4"ľwahi ;Tľ ľgels, or û ľperhaps ¥ľmen. 2 ľThe ľstory ľis ="¦ľthis. ƪƪand a Wƪwide ăƪƪrange of đ#ƀ[ ƪƪcultural sites ƪdot ƪthe #)ƪƪR4]ƪƪ ƪ#Xƪºƪ4Ʃshoreline of Lana'i at places like Keone, Kauma- ľmoolelo ľla. °ľAia ľma [9ľLanai ľka ľľnoho ana \ľThere ľwas 9ľresiding ľ[gon Lana'i, Bľ ( Ĕ ĹKaimuma- ĈNƪ HľƪDþY_ƪ ƪ'lapa'u, Kaunolu, Mamaki, Kapalaoa, Huawai,»ƪ M4ƪKapiha'a, 'Ǝ N.ƪD4Hulopo'e, Manele, ƪ$Łqƪ 3ƪKamaiki, Naha, o ( s -Í/ľKaimumahanahana, ľa ľľme kana ÿ ľkeiki o Eľhanahana ľand "ľhis ľson, Êi&o 'ľPakeaulani, ľand -$ 8OƪKahemano, (8!,ƪLopa, ý!: ¼ƪKahalepalaoa, f®½ƪ8$ňBƪ¯ƪ' .ƪKahe'a, Keomoku, Ka'a, Hauola, D ƪMaunalei · k0ƪƪƪ(including a wet ÉJ7? +'ľľ ľĕĪľPakeaulani, a he nui µľľľloa no na 6ľ kanaka ma OľH çľ Ķľ eľthere were many people ĭ:ľľ»Ė ľliving on Lana'i ƪland ĉƪħ ƪtaro field @6ƪiƪJƪsystem in the & @¸_ƪ 8Xƍ.ƪvalley), Kahdkunui, IJ=Oƪ4M¤ #.ƪKaiolohia, Kaha'ulehale, OƪRY3ƪKahue, Lapaiki, Z%ľ ľLanai ia «ľľýľmanawa; a hlki #Lľľmai ke ľkau ľ wi, pau ľ=ľ>ĀCľat that time. \ľThere á ľľĨľľðÖcame a time of famine,ľ a§ZBƪAwalua, Ek ¢3ƪPolihua, andƪoCƪKa'ena. ľ ľľaku la na Ñľ ľJľ ľľľaľľkanaka i ka make a ka ai, a koe ľand mľ-ľall the ľpeople /ľ Ãįľę ľ(`died, leaving only Kai-ļľ Ýƪ*ƪ SƪIn the uplands, 5ƪƪlocalities at 'N £#$ƪHo'opulupuluamoa ƪD ćOƪ8Mand Malulani, Ko'eleHƪƪand = $,Ŝ.ƪKihamaniania, ľľelua o ¶ ?#Eľľ*ľKaimumahanahana, a me !? +/Pakeaulani, * ľmumahanahana Ëandľ ^Äl!+BľPakeaulani, = ľthough üƪƓƪKalulu uka, Ə ŋĿƪKaunolu Ň3ƪuka, , ƪKealia !ƪ, ƪaƪKapu, Kealia Aupuni, ƪE,#,ƪ[ƪand Palawai were : ƪ 9 ƪƪalso locations of ľkokoke hľmake ľnae ľka F!ľmakuakane. ©ľ O ka = ľthe 7ľľ) ľľÅ<Xľfather was close to death. Here ľ ľis ľwhat 5Ĩ ƪsignificant ðŹ ƪ 6 ƪ:0ƪ[;ƕƅƪtraditional settlements and agricultural & Èƪìƪendeavors. We #ƪœƪ-ƪ& ƪ-ƪalso know that over the !J7ĩ;+ľPakeaulani ¬ľ ľ Wľhana; oia keia. Hele;Hľ wale1åľĈaku Is ÛľPakeaulani Cľdid. Heľ ľwent ľľ ľ ľand dug up some "ñ9 BƪĠĀ )ƪgenerations, families ƪűwith permanent7ƪ ƪ57ƪƪresidences in the (4 ƪÙ¡5 ƪƪD¢hƪĬŨ7ƪLahaina District of Maui frequented ľľ ľľla no keia e ďľeli 4 ľwale ľľ ľaku no i ċľ;kulina uala, ġľsweet ľĞğľpotato runners ľand 8ľľ ľ*MMľgot a few small R4Ř°ƪƪXƪƜ ƪƪLana'i to take advantage of ƪ?its rich /ƪĩfisheries. =Cƪ ľľľ5ľa loaa ka uala đºSľliilii, @ ľľ ľľ(he au ia uala) kalua ľ ľRsweet potatoes (little ľ èľ8ă8ľľÆľpotatoes growing on a In the period leading up to 1800, there was a decline in the native population, and in |ƪ ƪ ƪ łƪ!ƪƪÎQ++ƪ "ƪƪƪ#ƪhƪ/ƪKƪ ź.ƪƪ7ƪ ľ Tľĸ ľa moa, lawe &ľ ľaku la ê ľÀľ ľı"ľkeia a he wahi $.ľheiau a ĮNAľ6ľGIľ *Vľ²ľľľvine), and baked them. He took these <üľthings the capacity of Lana'i to produce agricultural resources. This was, in part, due to disputes -ƪ ! ƊƪƪRĄ±ƪƪ ƪ1= jƁŮ ƪ ƙ Éƪëƪ3ƪ)0ƪ!1¾ƪƪƪ!ƪ ľ ľ 'ľ ľĉľ 3ľ! Bľ æianei i hana'i, kaumaha aku la, alaila, pule ľľto a -$%ľľheiau and ľ ľÇdid the following, 1:ėľ ľĺhe wor between the rulers of Maui and Hawai'i which overflowed onto Lana'i in the mid to late FƇƪƪ?ƖVƪƪâƒƪ ƪ'ơ÷^ķƪ U ƪ&Vīƪƪ(,I^ƪIƪƪƪƪ ƪ !ľ ľaku la, H.ľ"ľ pľľľ & penei kahi hapa o ka pule. . ľshipped, *ľľóëO /ľmade the offerings, ľand Wľprayed. eighteenth century. In the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century, foreign Jƪ ¦@Cƪ|ƪJƪ ƪ *ƪ Ŵƪ ƪĊ©ƪŝ ƪ Ɔ`ƪ ƪ 2 ľ ľľThis is a ĥ%ľľ"ľ ªľportion of his prayer: )ƪ ƪdiseases and śH ƪinfluences ƪU"šƪspread across ƪthe ¿ƪ Iƪƪƪĭ "ƪĐ ƪƪ ƪislands, leading to a further decline in the population. By the 1840s, there were approximately 600 inhabitants residing on Lana'i. By ¥57wƪzªƪ*ƪPQÐ+3ƪ- ƪĘ ƪ! ƥ$ ªƪÒ++ƪŃ ôŵƪ ēƪƪ(]Êƪz©ƪ ·ĚľľľÒľKinl o ke akua Yě ľForty ħ!ľthousand ľgods the 1870s, the population hovered around 300 residents, and by the early 1890s, there /ƪPQÓ+ƪƪ \ƪ&?ƪ ?ƗƪÏ++ƪ `ƪ ƪF@ƪ*ƪ #@ƪPQÕ+Àƪ*f ƪ ,ľľE ka ČlehuľľľĊľo ke akua Yu ľFour &oäľ ľhundred thousand ľgods e1ƪńƪPÔÑƪ Ż&ƪwere just 1 75 native xƪresidents. ,ľľ j& ľFľE ka pukui akua ¯ Ýk ľľľAssembly of gods ,ľľk! +ľFľEkalalani akua D ùIľľľAlignment of gods ã 2ĸƛNative ƪ~>ũLore ƪ %<ƪÜGmŶ>ŪGd Ōƪydd>Ƌ%2mÖƪand Historical Accounts: The {>
7 8 " ź4źmakuakane, "Aohe ZAź źźź IJźźo'u akua, a he akua ka ŭź#ź your sweet potatoes,°ź!ź.źthat I S-źź 1Õźsmell, my son?" àŸ: Ÿ(Zj3@Ÿ >ŸKaka'e and Kaka'alaneo's rule, ŸĐŸand for į$Ÿ many generations VŸ &. Ÿpreceding 8Ÿ<ųŸit, anyone Ÿŵwho at +źhoi ÔYźkou?" 4źźźźźźxźźźA hala ae la 11a la elima o kana 'źHe @ źanswered ħDźhim, Ŵ źsaying, 3.ź ź"It is źthe ĝ źfood T ŸŸtempted to īŸŸlive on 9;ZĘŸŲ#S ŸLanai experienced ĔŸ Ī6 ʼn¢Ÿgreat difficulties, ŸUŸ)İ Ÿas the island Ÿwas =ùŸk+Ÿinhabited by ~>Ÿevil Łź źhana ana pela,ź $ź źź ź źùźalaila, i ka po kamailio mai źź ºźof my god." ìźThe !2źfather źthen č2 ź3Þźanswered, "I đ®#Ÿľ Ÿ$ŸTŸghosts/spirits ruled by their RĒAŸg £Ÿking, Pahulu. ĵź ź r0źźla kekahi anela o ) ·źKanepaina. .ź źI mai Dźla, 3Ù ź"Ea, źdon't ;źź ±źhave a god, but źyou eźdo?" f ;ź źFive days П/nŸnŸ| ŸWhile there are numerous íŊŦûŸ?łŸnarratives that QŸdescribe Ÿ}şÕ Ÿhow Kaulula'au "ŸŸcame to ŸÇæ Ÿfree Lanai źa r źŊźźkeia po e +ŋ źźź źź Ŧ źpanlpani aku oe i na pukapuka źuźĥ źpassed in his (éþñ| Cź(Pakeaulani) +ź% źdoing this źsame Ÿ?ŸřŸĂŸËÜŠW7from the rule of Pahulu,Ÿ*ŗŸâ ŸŸŸthus making it safe Ÿ )ŸŸ#!Ÿ?Ÿfor people to inhabit the islandġ% ŸÑµ½Ÿ±CŸ?Ÿ[2; 10], there ľźliilii źo źko Ķźźolua hale, źaźʼnź e noho źmalie źmai Ŗy źthing, 1źthen źon źthe ĚĠźfifth źnight, "źan "p-źangel, "ŸŔŸare two sŸĶŸŸ4OŸŐ !VŸXUŸmajor versions of this tradition with :ŋŸŸŸvariations on the þ4_ŸÍŸŸĬŰŸ&Ÿevents. The best known is w ź źźźkamailio pu me kou āźź źźmakuakane a pau ae )I źKanepa'ina, »ź'źspoke. He + ź' źsaid, "Heed ²ź>źme, this 4Ÿthe L/Ŀ#Ÿ Ÿ+Ÿversion published by f. Ÿ¿i~ ŸKing David Kalakaua ;( ŸŸin DE»EŸ Ÿ1888, but Ÿ Ÿ Ú' ŸPŸthe most detailed version %Ÿwas źź0Bźý ź źla ka laua kamailio pu "^źźana, a źĀźź źhele aku la ia uźź źĉź!ź;đźQśź źźnight go and close the very littlest of the Ś)q ŸQŸpublished in Ÿthe F ÞŸp ŸĜŸHawaiian language in ²1863EºcŸrŸÖöŸ 0ŸŸő #ŌŸoŸin association with another tradition from "Eźanela. å$ź źźNinau mai la źBź ź aźkona makuakane ia ia, źholes ?źin ź ź źthe house of you ŜŇźtwo, ź źand stay ,z!Ÿ:ŸMaui, "Ka ,ĢtŸŸMoolelo o d 'ŸEleio" [1Ÿ(p. ³·¤Ÿ14). [7 ź'Owai źź źkou hoa i }źkamailio źmai G¨źla.' gźI źķźaku la ă^ź źcalm, do ź #źnot speak XMźwith źĒ,#2¼Yźkźyour father." When f. ŸKing " Ě( @ŸKalakaua's LĹ'ŸķŨ IŸŸ' ijČŃŸ Ļ x ŸŸÈçŸversion provides a significant description of Lana'i - ŸUŸand the óP qŖŸăŸability of xŸits Oźoia, 7źļźAź źĸź'O kuu akua hoi ia źźa*u e 0ź$&©źmalama nei.' !źthey ŝźtwo źwere ę ź zźfinished speaking, Ģźthe *Ŷan ŸŸ .ŸŸl$Ÿ ĸĠ Ÿpeople to sustain themselves by working *Ÿ Ÿ ŸčĖ ŸŸŸthe land and fishing the sea " ŸŸaround the BŸisland. 4źAole }ũź~ź źliuliu ma ia hope ź -źŧźPźiho, haule mai *źana Lź ½źgel departed. '+źHis źfather źasked xźhim 3ïź"Who 2 ēŸ0ŸThrough the encouragement × ŸŸŸof his o Ÿè Ÿ ũfriend and advisor/ŸÎ Ÿ,ť$ŸWalter Murray Áï7ŸGibson,1 *ŸR Ÿthe king źBźźť źźźź źźźź źź źźka ua he nui, ka ua no ia a ao ka po a po ua źwas źthe Ńźcompanion źwith ~źwhom ź<źyou were compiled=> Ÿ5Ÿ5 the traditionsōŸŝ. Ÿfound ňŸwithin The Legends and Myths ofHawaii h[21]¶bÓŸ< Ÿand ' Ÿdescribed ź źźźźla nei, a ao ua poź ź$źĬźźźnei, malie iho la ka ŞEźua. ÝźI zeź'źspeaking?" He `źanswered, 36ź"My źgod ź.źwhom I 9; ŸŸLana'i as k ŸėŴŸbeing richly Ÿsupplied X0Ÿwith ŸŸœ ŸyŸ% ŸĎ=Ÿfood crops, natural resources, and fisheries TŸthat, ð Ÿbut Aźijźpuka aku ź÷źka hana øźźiwaho ua ĂĴźź6 _źpalaku ka Maia, ;źhave beenź 9 OGworshipping."ź çźNot :ź œVŷlong after ĄŸ*ŸŸŸ*Ÿū Ÿ! for the presence of the evil beings,¥Ÿ ŸŸŸmade it a ĞtŸdesirable )ŸŸ ęplace to live.BŸ źĿźź)źźua moe ke Ko a źala +®źmai, 8Sźź"ÿşźźźhele ke analdu o ka m źwards, źa źgreat J źrain sċfell.&ź gźIt +rained ź źnight À ŸŸeãá ØExcerpts of Kalakaua's@Ÿversion #Ÿwfollow, Ÿ 5& Ÿentitled 2Ÿ"The Gõ/ ŸG%gSacred Spear -Point" YŸ" Ÿ 8Ÿand "Kelea, źźźŠźźźuala a keke, ua hele ka 4 źźwźźApe a hilala ka Ñźha; ź źand day, źand Nź ;2through severalJź ź źnights and 4ŸG6ŸÌ ÿŸŸ,Ù6&_Ÿthe Surf Rider of Maui." 2ŸāmThese excerpts ŸŸM Ÿare followed Ÿ üŸb¸Ÿ+Ÿ:vŸKűmŸŸŸon page 14 by an excerpt of the o ź0ź źke kalo hoi źź8 źua makaole kekahi į źkihapai, a źŚźVź źdays until there was -źcalm, then=1ź%Nź źthe rains Âi &!"])jp" ŸŸąŸe ģš; Ÿ S ŸŎ Ÿ¬ŸHawaiian-language version of Kaulula'au' s legend entitled "KaŸ,MooleloĤ ŸŸdĨ1YŸo Eleio." o 89 źkekahi Ū źź9źźpumaia ka ha o źK&ź5źške kalo. Ke kalua sČź$&źfell lightly. jİź źLooking outside źto źźsee what tźźź źźź$źź źiho la no ia o ka ai a moa, ūMźźkaumaha e aku źJ Įp/³ź! źhad transpired, there źwas ź ź6 źseen ripe Mai'a "The # # " Sacred Spear-Point" # ##and "Kelea, the# ! # # #!#Surf Rider of Maui" ź źPźźla keia i ke ן$źQ źźAkua oia nei, a ź źpau hoi tźmai la ((bananas), *: \`ź)ňź(mźKo (sugar ]źĹŵcane) lying ź źupon źthe Aź# ź źźKDźź źź ź:źlaua nei ai ka uala, ke kalo, a ai no źhoi ka L źground, ź'uala ( ź(sweet ]źpotatoes) źźspread all W Ÿ ŸŸMŸJŸKaululaau was one of the ŸŸsons of ()ŸKakaalaneo, ńbrother Ÿ ĆŸ- Ÿof, and jointsŸ{Ÿruler źźÒźźź9źźź źźmai a maona; o ka laha hou no ia o kanaka Ĉź4 ź(Ŕûźabout, Ape (mountain *«źŲ=źźĽźtaro) with long stalks QAŸ(ŸŸwith, Kakae in Ÿ ĀI-ŸŸthe government of , ŸMaui Ŷ`¦Ÿ... 2ŸThe ŤŸŸ0Ÿcourt of the brothersŅýŀŸ ŸŸwas at o ' űüźO źźHawaii nei, ma ã źŰöź¸ź7 źLanai wale no. Oia $Mźiho la #ńźź#ź #Óźleaning to the side; ) òźªCź>źěKalo (taros) which filled ź 93Ÿ[ ŸLele (now 9 Ÿ Ÿ Lahaina), and wasŁŸŸŸ5Ÿ Ÿone of the most H ŏ ! ŸrŸJŸÒ ĥı Ÿdistinguished in the [island] Ħźkahi źźźmoolelo o ka malama źźź ģźana o kekahi o źthe źgardens, bananaźźstalks 2źwere źused źas ĺĴ 1Ÿgroup. ź)1ź źĆźna Kane ia mau łź&F&źkanaka ..." źthe channels ź(ź?@ Cź(to irrigate) ź%=ź% ¾źfor the taro. 'źHe 2ŸNŸŸThe mother of Ř| ŸKaululaau ŮŸwas é.Ş\ŸŸŸćÛĮĩ$ŸKanikaniaula, of the family Ÿëy \ŸR Ÿof Kamauaua, king !#ź/źthen cooked !ź / źthe food, /ź/ź źĖĐŸand made an offer ŸÉ (#8Ÿof Molokai, ĕ Ÿthrough OŸ-Ÿhis son Fß8ŸHaili, Ÿ ŸŸwho was the brother ŸŸ ċ ñ/ŸŸor half-brother of yźing źĤ źÚ &źto his God. k<źĜ ´źWhen finished, !źthey %źtwo ů%Ÿå ŸKeoloewa and KŸ`§¨ŸKaupeepee . . . źźź -źate the sweet potatoes, aźtaro, * źand bananas ź Æ uŢîŸKaululaau Ÿwas Ħ$ŸĽŸprobably bom Ÿ0 LI-ŸŇŸsomewhere between the +"ŸDc¼CŸyears 1390 ŸandD¹C¯©Ÿ 1400. , źuntil Ę ¿źî ź źfilled. This is źhow Û v" ź*źźHawaiians came to ßHŸŸHe had a ")^half-sister,#Ÿ Ÿwhose äŸname Ÿwas ÏŸWao, < ŸŸand a Ĉ¡lŸ#=ŬħzŸhalf-brother, Kaihiwalua ŷaªŸ... ź ĭźonce again be ź ź ź'vźspread across Hawaii, Ņźonly hW { 6ÔŸ ŸŸ % Ÿw X ŸŸêŸ źworshipped by ź NŸthe ŸŸgates of ď^ĵ Ÿfish-ponds, ŧŸremove 4Ÿthe ŸŸ Ÿ ŸÝŸ 'Ÿ (Ÿsupports of houses, and paint swine black # ź<źthese menFÁFź. . . Ÿ Ÿto deceive 3Ÿthe ø÷ Ÿsacrificial &priests.«Ÿ FŸ Ū ŸŸ!ŒHe devised an instrument vŸŸ Ÿto imitate Ÿthe 7źźźźOwau no me ka KbźhĨźèŬ &mahalo. John Puniwai.1Ä .źĄźX!ź P1Eźhġźê úÂI am with appreciation. John Puniwai.2Ê *]ŭì Ÿdeath-warning ŸŸŸnotes of the alae, úŸand Ċļ Ÿfrightened Ÿ$Ÿpeople by ţH! ŸŸsounding it Ÿnear their doors; and to others he caused information to be conveyed that they Åź1 Nupepa Kuokoa, æņŮĎćďźc¯źÆcÎɹźNovember 8, 1862. 🠾Ÿ ŸŸ ŸŸ ŸĝVŸŸŸ$ ŸŸ+Ÿ were being prayed to death. 2 Trans. K. Maly. Ÿ' Ÿ+ ŸŸ BŸ Êŕ% ě ŸNotwithstanding Ÿthese ĭ K3misdemeanors, Å}Ŝ ŸKaululaau Ÿwas Ÿ 0Ÿpopular with Ÿthe 7Ÿpeople, Ÿsince Ÿthe &ŸŸ 3ò/ŸMŸ*Ÿchiefs or members of the +>Ÿroyal 6J Ÿhousehold Ÿwere u$Ÿusually ÜqźHe äTTRq{UźTźióW{ŢRĩ HWÏźMo'olelo no Kaulula'au: ÖźíŌHĊĪŕīUźUĔźiHţRWĺô¡õŤźA Tradition of Kaulula'au 7ź ź%=One of theź best źıųź/ Źknown tradi- 'Walter #Gl3Yr[\${@'aTMMurray Gibson bsettled3gmG3-UNM on Lana'i(|3$[E~by early N.* J3hT+TOqWF1862, and came to control JUciT7j=3most of the G S-TPl=3land on the aG!S.Island Ř źźtional accounts źáą¢ ź źğźof Lana'i dates from ,8źVĻźėthe early fifteenth !ź<Bź1 ź ocentury and associates$ źź źthe island k?]Ts<=through ;63aBJXF3fee-simple M/and G3 a3=TG0leasehold pAlG3 8]B3M-title. A friend T9K N}of many *?B3:dchiefs, dTL3TZsome of w=TKx>T= whom who had1)33QTMM Hbeen on Lana'i X%ź,źŒźQ ź źwith the ruling chiefs of 6 bźMaui. .źIn źŐřů -źźźo>ĕź5Ũthese narratives, a young chief, Kaulula'au,SI£ź źwas born Ŏź,źto yj=&3= K3? with Kamehameha I, A'dTMGibson [3,T\-3. MtK'3]recorded a number T;k[ -BjDTNa;^VKof traditions from m?4the eG M2island, N.dand Is <5M3`IF~ mqB'rn32generally attributed 5Z"8ź : źàl¤Kaka'alaneo and Kanikania'ula.0Ãź 5¥0¦ ź 2źKaka'alaneo's elder brother%@ź ź5l[µź" źwas Kaka'e, and fŏ źFornander zi=with l=3Q Cthe L3na'i R ]_narratives pBv6f+Bo3-'~cited by M<%!uKing Kal&kaua." @ ź,źreported that źźthese royal brothers ōźß?%|źjointly ő źruled 6 ź źâI§ źðÇÍÐȶdË_źd̬GźMaui and Lana'i [14:11-82, 83]. Ø ?:źDuring
9 ´°Ÿ10 Č *i ČČthe victims of Č * Čc2ČČČhis mischievous freaks. He was " Č_ČºČh Čencouraged in his disposition ½íśB }śśġ> śFśReaching Lanai, he established his ś śEśhousehold on the ś śśp"śsouth side of the island.f. ś ČÞ ²ČÃ![ČČto qualify himself for Čthe IÙ Čpriesthood, l "Č1Č3) Čunder the instruction ČČof the 3 Čeminent BÎbś0 ś śLearning his name śand 'čAśrank, śthe =śpeople r śòś śĚś śtreated him with great respect—for E#Ċ¾ČČ Čhigh-priest and prophet, T Č ČWaolani, and Čhad Č -Č ČÄČmade substantial advances in Čthe B: 1śLanai ʼnśwas ! śś śśCļ śśthen a dependency of Maui— assisted in śthe Ķ śśśconstruction of the Čcalling ČČwhen he Čwas #ČČéČ Č Č ČČ»Č Č$")Čbanished to the island of Lanai by his royal father ¦ Č Čfor an śhouses ğś`śnecessary for śhis d 8śaccommodation, śand v śöśprovided him Pświth _8śfish, poi, ¨ Čoffence C#Čwhich ÍČcould neither ČČbe þZ bČ Čoverlooked nor ½m" |Čforgiven. a śfruits śand ośpotatoes śin çś * ¹)śgreat abundance. QśIn ķĘĉś`śêśreturn for this ď śdevotion ś śhe set QČČj Č ČČ'ÖČĂJ^ČČd G?,Č Č´ oČ ČAt that time Lanai was infested with a number of gnomes, monsters andČYĀ+Čevil ś' Ãś@ś about ridding the island% śśof Äśthe Ðĸ śśsupernatural pests 5świth î śwhich Ģśit śhad ! śÝśbeen for ' /pČ Čspirits, among í Čthem IČthe 'iČgigantic moo, =}ČMooaleo. >ČThey Č\ Č Čravaged fields, uprooted :Ġś« )śyears afflicted. LâqČcocoanut-trees, kČ$Čdestroyed the Č Č«·ċ MČwalls of fish-ponds, Č1æČand otherwise ¯HČfrightened QśMEśIn the Ā!% śÔślegend of wRI~śś"Kelea, the Õ1 śSurf-rider śDuxśŏśof Maui," will XśÞ ś śbe found some śreferences % Čand @ÒČ&Č×V ČČ&ČÉ ~Čdiscomfited the inhabitants of the island. >ČThat Č Čhis residence Č 'BČthere might śśto the battles+śśof RO &KśKaululaau Pśświth the gśevil Gśspirits śand 3'śśmonsters of T )śLanai. $ śHis Č Čbe made " 4 Č Fø Č%Č_gk *ČČendurable, Kaululaau was instructed by HČthe kaulas Č* and sorcerers)Č śmost &µĜś stubborn conflictÜ ś śwas świth śthe gnomeś Đ śgod C,śMooaleo. $ś ?He imprisoned4 ś Čof -Čthe ýČČcourt in Čmany $W rČcharms, ËsČspells, )"fČČprayers and 3K Čincantations nČwith 5C^Čwhich ś 3 śŋF śśśśY(Őśś>üś#kċ śthe demon within the earth by drawing a line around ðśŎ6"ś5"śhim with the ¾/ śsacred Č ČDČZ ČČto resist the powers of -Č äì Čthe supernatural 4Čmonsters. T ČWhen `§4 Činformed ofČČthese Vspear-point,řG ś śm ģ+śand subsequently g ś. śY śóś śśreleased and drove him into the )śsea. exorcising agencies by Kaululaau, his friend, the venerable Waolani, told him ¤ *(/0Č 'ČČ;L .ČČ] .ČJBČ +ČU .ČČ Č DśMore ĩV śśthan a year#śwasś4śXśspent by SĿ& śeśmĽ ijś; śÓıśś6śKaululaau in quieting and expelling from the IČthat Čthey üČmČ¼Čwould avail him ï Čnothing Čagainst Č Čthe more ¢±Č Č µČpowerful and malignant G % śisland "ś ° the malicious śmonsters ÏśĬśthat Ĵkŀ ś śśś śeśśtroubled it, but he succeeded in the % ś śend in ČČ 0Č Č 7Čof the demons of Lanai. śą 1ścompletely relieving éśthe =śpeople â śfrom o (ś !Œ śv Į)śtheir vexatious visitations. 2ś śThis added R ČČDisheartened at Č the declaration,VðtČ; ! ČKaululaau %Č ČČ ČČwas about to leave the heiau Čto ù#śś<śimmeasurably to his ľJ# 7popularity, ś śand cś ºthe choicestś]ś0ś of the productsĤnś]śof ; śland śand ?%cČ Čembark for <0(NČ¹ČLanai, when U/.Č%,Č ČWaolani, after some $j uČJČhesitation, stayed his(Č NČdeparture, śś śĥśë ś)śsea were laid at his feet. OČand, Čentering &Čthe Č vČinner temple, Č õČăêBČČ !!Č!!Č Čsoon returned with a small roll of kapa Č(Čin his $2śĵ ś śśHis triumph over the śśdemons of TW śLanai śwas iśsoon ÿőśknown %śśon the śāW śother islands 8Čhand. SÊÏČSlowly ÚA ČČuncording and ÕČ d6ȬČremoving many folds Č!.ČČof cloth, an çČivory ĈČspear- ścśèđśof the group, - śand Ŋśīśwhen it śreached śthe śśears of S*H=4śśKakaalaneo he 1 śśdispatched a point a span in length was finally brought to view. Holding it before the prince, ČČ Č/ Č#Č%Č\ Čá ČČ ¿8Č+'Č/Č ,ČČã@wČ !śśïśmessenger to his son, śÛÍś0 śl ņjś śoffering his forgiveness and recalling ±śñćśaśhim from Òśexile. Č Čhe said: 9ś!Ğ śThe service "śhe śhad ĕ% śrendered śwas ?ē- important, ś ś<ś-+ś^śand his royal father śªĎśwas anxious Č2Č:ČTake this. It ąČåČwill serve Č`Č6ČČyou in any way youlČ Čmay )ßúČrequire. :ČIts Čpowers Ħś»æ2Řśto recognize itśŕśiãśby restoring <śhim śto Ú śfavor. ȶ Č Čare greater than 1ČČ6Čthose of any ČÆòČgod inhabiting HČthe 7Č9Čearth. It Č Čhas been ś &But Kaululaautś ś śśshowed no haste śin availingŇ®śô=Ùśś ś'yśå¢himself of his father's magnaŚś ČaČ1Č èČČdipped in the waters of Po, Č Čand many K generationsČČago 5Čwas ČČleft by ČĄ,śnimlty. Farśś śfrom the (* śśrestraints of 5"ś (śthe court, Åśhe ś ś śśhad become attached to ś the <0Č ČLono upon ČČone of hisČ+ČČaltars for the Č K Č Čprotection of Č Ča temple Čmenaced \ 4śf independent lifeśśhe śhad à&L ś śfound in Ñ+exile, ś:j śand K ścould Īõśthink śof ś Ĉśśno comforts or byČČ -Ča mighty °ĉČfish-god who Č ùÔČČ ó¡Čfound a retreat &#ČČ( ČČ Č £Čbeneath it in a great cavern \ýŗ śenjoyments unattainable£6* ś śĂ. )śon Lanai. 9"śThe ś@śwomen there śśwere as ?śśhandsome as @ØČ1Čconnected with the Č2Čsea. R ČČÐČĄČDraw a line with ČČ ÅČit and nothing ČgČ-can pass the Č Zelsewhere,+AśN"Æśthe bananas ś#/śśwere as sweet,Ç śś the cocoanutsĺś'śś *ZAśśwere as large, the awa XÈPČQªČČČČ ČČ)ÛČmark. Affix it to a spear and throw Čit, ČČÂČ)Čand it will reach ČÇ Čthe object, śwas śas stimulating,įu+¤5 bś: ¿ś5Èśand the _[śfisheries /śś (1 śwere as varied ś& ;ħśúśand abundant in 6,śproduct. Č Čno matter howeČ¥ ČAfar distant. Č= Č ČMuch more ČÀÎČxČ Čit will do, but +Člet what Č9ČÿČI have $ś ś 3L He had congenialIś Ċ Ĕcompanionship, ś * ś śÖand bands ofś d ś. ś ¼!(śmusicians and dancers śat Čsaid ©2Čsuffice. Fś -Ć,śhis call. 9śśśThe best of śthe ³ ś śearth and Nś śś śś/'ś" the love of the people were his,ś ś7śand the apaparti z.¡ś ś ['apapane] sang inś7Eśěthe grove ś@ś śś Ėśthat shaded his door. śWhat ś J śmore could >Č, Č+Č *$ČČČThe prince eagerly reached to possess &Čthe ô Č Čtreasure, but ČÜ4the priestČA 5Čwithdrew śH śōMś śŔ śhe ask, what more expect & śśsśpśshould he return to D¥ś$śMaui? His exileœś śhad Àceasedśqśśto be Č Čit and h LČcontinued: śŅ ś śa punishment, and 2śq{śh¦his father's messageśś + śof recall śwas # ś śscarcely deemed ś× ,śa favor. :Č³ ČEČČI give it to e Č Č ñ Čyou on condition #ČČthat it Č] Čpass from ČČ Čyou to no #,Čother # Čhands $ However,É śłO>śs śśKaululaau returned a ØŃśrespectful Ì#ś¶śanswer by 0śM0|his father'sś ęmessenger,ś Čthan aOČmine, Čand -DČthat [Č9Č Č Čif I am no ČāČ"Člonger living when Čyou öČČreturn to ²śþI śßśś h3 Ŗś-% śthanking Kakaalaneo for his clemency, and % 2ś7announcing thatśś&KÁśhe would Ĺśreturn =÷MauizČ Č ČČ5ÁFas you some day will—{Ć ČF!ČëÌČyou will secretly ČČdeposit it Č Čwith my śCŁś?IJś śto Maui sometime in śthe (śt(/8ś#ś§ Lnear future, after havingś śśś70śvisited some of the @3śother 8ČSXČČbones. Swear to ¸(ČČDČthis in the ČČname of < 7ČLono. islands ś^śśof the ś; ś'śgroup; and three ś !śśmonths later he began* śśÊto prepareśśśfor a rś6śtrip to $¬ ,śHawaii. $śĒ & śś#He procured a largeäś ś śì1 śśû ś-ś¯śJdouble canoe, which he painted a royal yellow, ś ;û ČÓ6ČKaululaau solemnly 0 ČČ à Čpronounced the required $ČČ (Čî& Čoath. The priest then handedČ śand ś2 śś O·'śśÂHś ś śśś śś had fabricated a number of cloaks and capes of the feathers of theËśoo GČČ% yČ,Č3Č$Čhim the talisman, wrapped in the kapa ® ČCE$Č'ČČ Č& Č ČČfrom which it had been taken, and he śand mamo. śśśśAt the prow of ś śśhis canoe he ń śś ´mounted a carved/ ś śś4image of Lono,¨ ś ČČ ÝMČ Č G"!ćČY ?WbČleft the temple, and immediately embarked nČČwith a ÑfČČnumber of Č Čhis attendants śśN"śśśand at the top of śśone of śśśthe masts a > śŌś!ĝ śplace was reserved lś[for theś śĨU¸Ļśproud tabu Č PČfor LanaL . śś śstandard of an aha Uăø÷ś9<ś %8śPĭśalii This done, with śėa proper!#śİretinueśśhe nśśáś$set sail for Hawaii.©ň ś [21:209-213]
Č11 12 o ŋThe Ĭ ĥŋtradition ŋ ŋ / continues by describing ŋ0ŋ %ŋ $ ŋevents in which EEp:eŋ 8 ŋ Kaulula'au participated in ŋþŋbattles 7ŶŶ ŶħŶ"` ŶĂu1/)ŶÙ ŶŶ4$4Ŏ ŶŶŶŶиpath of escape in that direction. It soon encountered a lake of fire,Ŷt? Ŷand .Ŷwas ŋX\ ŋwith various ŋí ŋŋdemons similar to ŋŋthose on Jp.:GŋHŋLanai. His ÷Ļ ŋjourney tookBŋëŋŋ ŋhim to the "ŋŋislands of Q ŶŶcompelled to ŜfŶ1Ŷ JŶhfVŶ%TŶ return to the surface, where itŶgc÷ Ŷ!Œhumbled itselfŶĒ Ŷbefore Ŷthe !(Ŷprince, H¹:!+ŋ,ÿB: #ŋHawaii, Molokal, .ŋand m; ŋĚ ŋŋOŋO'ahu prior to his ıŋDŋreturn to ,q!GŋMaui. R Ŷand , Ŷ#ŶĶø (ŶŶpromised, if liberated, to ŋŠ ŶAŶ quit the island Ŷ forŶ )Ŷever. 2 KaululaauŶķ Ŷobliterated ³ŋUpon IJŋŋreturning to ,e-iŋMaui, fTĶ3;ŋŋKaulula'au was " ŋwelcomed ŋ ŋhome by çŋM& ' +ŋhis father, ŋ}Ğŋand learned Ŷʼn<ŶŶsixty paces of 1Ŷ dŶŶthe line of T!ѦŶ Ŷimprisonment, to &3 Ŷenable Mooaieo ŶŶŶto pass to Ŷthe (Ŷsea, &7ŋZĀČ<ŋthat Waolani, ŋhis gŋ(į priestly instructoręŋVŋ^ '%+ŋ ŋ? 1ŋand friend, had died. ¯ )T Recalling ŋ ŋ ĉŋthe promise madeŋŋto /'Ŷinto %z/ŶŶwhich the { Ŷhideous ĨŶbeing 2 Ŷ.?Ŷā u VŶ & ŶœŶ3ŶŶ_Ŷplunged and disappeared, never to be seen again ZCRWaolani, +ŋ~3hŋKaulula'au ~ ŋ ŋsecretly hid ŋthe ŋÆ(ŋsacred spear-point ŋof 2ŋń7ŋLono with ŋŋŋthe bones of Z"* ŋWaolani. Ŷon 9/)ŶæZÇÓÌZÒLanai. (21:229-230]¶ZpoçŶ )Ĵ)r;ŋKaulula'au É ŋ F©ŋŋO ŋ {ŋmarried Laiea-a-Ewa, a high chiefess ŋm:7#ŋ>ŋ xof O'ahu, and together ŋ& ŋ"$0ŋŋ óŋthey lived out their )0=ŋlives, ?Pŋŋq;ŋresiding at Kaua'ula in ŋ2¸ ŋ*ŋLahaina and ŋöŋ ) ŋparented six children [21:225]. Ka Mooteto o Eleio ¢ĝăŶßŌtþ(The Tradition~Ŕ~eĿŶeĊŶÕijĄĤe£Ŷof Eleio) àLŶC # #ŶŶs+Ŷ ŶŶĩŶ ŶThe tradition of Eleio is set in the Ŷtime I ŋ xŋĭ¶$cC ŋ6ŋIn the tradition of '#ŋ& ŋ±ĸÔF°' ŋŋ"Kelea, the Surf-Rider of ,$ŋMaui" [21:229-246], V ŋ ŋŋ-ŋmention is made again Ŷof 0ODKaka'alaneo's Ŷf$QŶrule Ŷ:#§Ŷ\*Ri ¨Ŷover Maui, Lana'i, :D ©ŶMolokal, Ŷand ŴKaho'olaweŕŶlXŶÈÎoƤªŶ(ca. 1400), ' ŶŶand was ŋ·a"3 ŋ>ŋof Kaulula'au and ŋhis 0@ġŋ*ŋadventures on 23*ālŋLana'i. n ŋThe ŋ ŋaccount is V' ŋŋŋcentered on Kelea, 7ŋ ŋthe daughter ùĸ Ŷ3Ŷ]¹ŶÞºŶpublished by W. N. - Pualewa, Ŷ+Ŷin ŶÖthe Hawaiian-language .n ĜŶ & Ŷnewspaper Kuokoa Ŷin É1863.ÑÐp»ŶGŶThe ŋ ùŋIjŋof Kahekili I, ŋelder ŋ6ŋcousin of Tf)3;ŋKaulula'au. It ŋ ŋis reported ŋ ŋthat when úŋIŋKahekili I ŋDŋascended to hŶaccount 6Ŷ Ŷtells us 7Ŷthat [v/ŶŶŶwô ŶEleio was a famous kukini ŶůŶŶassociated with the $ ŶŶcourt of "Ŷthe YŶ8Ŷking. He ŋĤďŋthe throne Gŋ(ca. 1415), ŋ Âŋüŋŋhe "became king of , ŋ]ŋ2> ¤ŋ ŋ !ŋ ŋ/!ŋ ŋMaui and Lanai; for during that period the a5 ŋlatter Ŷwas Ŷē Ŷnoted for Ŷhis 5"ŶŶ =6Ŷability to travel Ŷthe <īýŶŶŶcircuit of the EŶisland, Ŷto ŶŶfetch a ŶĎŶĔŅŶchoice fish from aŋisland ŋ% ŋwas under ŋthe ŋ6ŋprotection of ŋthe mois ŋ,-iŋof Maui, êŋ,SĐBºŋĪŋwhile Molokai still P»ŋ ŋmaintained its Ŷ+ŚŶone district andŶ Ŷ Ŷ ŶŶbring it to the ŧ ŶŶSB`& Ŷ #court in another district, @ ŶN >ĘŶ Ŷ#keeping it alive. YŶ ]Ŷ When itŶŶwas % ŋindependence" [2 1:229J. öŶlearned AŶ N&that Kelekeleioka'ula,&+D2 ŶjIõŶ x(ŶŮŶ&űřK ŶKaka'alaneo's wife, was expecting, Ŷthe ŀŶking ĚŶs Ŷgranted Eleio ðŋKing t¼ŋKalakaua ŋdescribed ŋPd 8ŋŋthe introduction of 'ulu ŋJbŋŋto Lele, now ýđYŋŋ2r <ŋŋknown as Lahaina, and "Ŷthe ō Ū6ŶŶĽKŶprivilege of naming Ŷthe <# XŶ[+Ŷchild. Eleio Ŷ}Ŷ! «Ŷstated his desire, AŶ#Ŷthat if #ŶŶŶit was a Ŷboy, heŶ Ŷshould ķE3[ŋč Kaulula'au's banishment ŋŋJÄh £ŋto Lanai: úŶS, be namedŶ $*j ŶKaulula'au lG· n ¥¼Ŷ(The-forest-grove). äŶWhen Ŷ<Ģ ŶŶthe child was 3ŏWŶ born, itŶ%Ŷ#?was indeed ŶŶmŶa boy, ŶŶ%and he wasŶ,Ŷg *named Kaulula'au.è YŶqŶŶĻ Ŷě%(ŶAs the child grew, /Ŷhis mysterious ! Ŷ,mannerń@Ŷ Ŷand , ġ Ŷmischievous Iŋ\ŋIt was Q ŋ ŋ(Ē ŋ ŋKakaalaneo who introduced the bread-fruit FğDŋģ ŋÞēĆŋH\$$ŋ1ŋthere from Hawaii ... ª ŋFor RŝŶnature Ŷcreated ,Ŷ Ŷ Ŷmany problems for #Ŷhis Ŷparents ŶŶand the ŶŶpeople of : +ÅŶMaui. [ ś WŶŶEventually, the ŋ ŋ Yŋŋsome disrespect shown to -ŋ ŋhis royal brother W@ ŋ´Qµ+ŋ ŋ[Kakae], whose ć5tŋ½ŋmental weakness AŶyouth Ŷwas 0? ŶĕŶ:šŶ^ ŶŶ Ŷ\ï Ŷbanished from Maui and sent to Lana'i Ŷto x Ŷ ŶĦfend for himself.ĉċ½Ŷ rŶAt Ŷthat A+Ŷ Ŷtime in 9"ŋø ŋOŋŋdoubtless subjected him to Ďŋ Q<ŋ ŋK ŋunkind remarks, he banished ŋhis ŋson EE9ŋKaululaau } őEŶhistory, 9Ĺ'!Ŷ%Lana'i wasŶ Ŷ reportedly inhabited3/Ŗ ŶŶby ŶŶhordes of akua 2 4 Ŷunder BŶ ŤŶŶthe rule of -.L bg)ŶåPahulu. WhileŶ ŋJ.=ŋå L ŋ "ŋto Lanai, which island, $Ħŋtraditions y #ŋŋŋWŋavers, was at that Ĩŋtime Üŋ ŋinfested by ŀ ábŋpowerful Ŷ9H'aon Lana'i,VŶF h*D ŶŬéKaulula'au wasŶ> ŶŶaccompanied by ŶŰŶhis own @I Ŷ Ŷpersonal god, 9;)ŶLono. G7 ŶTogether, Ŷ"%Ŷthe two 4ŋand s"!ŋmalignant kŋ² ŋûspirits. They killedŋ-ŋ]ŋpigs and M+ŋfowls, 9 ŋuprooted *«ŋcocoanut- trees CtraveledŨ= Ŷ Ŷ\*+ Ŷabout Lana'i, TtrickingįŶ"`Ŷę¬Ŷthe ghosts, ıŶ WŶkilling them, Ŷand Ŷ"MŶ0Rsetting the landsŶ Ŷfree ĖŶfrom ?ŋS ŋand blighted taro v Ï#ŋ*ŋŋpatches, and a ]8 ŋgigantic %ŋand Ċ !X9ŋ*ŋmischievous gnome Ãŋamused / ŶļŁ)Ŷtheir dominion.2Í )6ŋ ŋĂ-ñhimself by glidingŋĄŋŋ ŋSŋ ŋ ŋÊŋŋ{ŋĽ 8ŋKŋ¿like a huge mole under the huts of his victims and almostŋ ØdŶ |Ŷ ņŶŶ In this version of theąŶB@ tradition,ŶFKaulula'auê * ŶCë Ŷtraveled around 2Ŷ9H'ŵŗ)ŶLanai. ]Ŷ Ŷ ÿŶWe are told 1MŶthat Ŷhe c*ŋupsetting '1ŋthem. ŶT ŶĥPĆŶ.ŲŶŶ-.ğ 6 has already killed many of PahuluŶľ®Ŷs minions, ŶŘ Ŷ-U Ŷ Ŷ' Ŷ 4 and that Pahulu then feigned friendship|ŊŶ% Ŷwith o ŋ ŋd ŋThe priests tried (ŋļ(ŋŋin vain to ė ŋquiet ŋăthese malicious ŋ| ŋspirits. ®ŋ ŋ ŋNo sooner were F ĵ$PHk¯ŶĪKaulula'au, tellingŶcŶyŶŶ% Ŷhim that he would Ŷhelp ĞË,ŶNŶ Ŷ7ŶB Ŷhim seek out the other akua %Ŷ > Ŷwho remained Ŷon ŋ5Ň 4ŋŃňŋßŋŋ they exorcised away from one locality ʼnŋ Dŋ ŋ ŋ(ŋKA@that they appeared in another,/#ŋ%ŋ Ûŋand if 1JŶ the island. S ¾Ŷ-Pahulu's $ Ŷ real PŶĬ Ŷobjective Ŷ Ŷ dŶ Ŷwas to round upŶ ñŶ the remaining akua ŶďKŶto fight 0 Ŷİ6Ŷand kill ŋthey 0ŋ&`ŋgave the taro ŋŋ Ġŋ ŋŋpatches a rest it was VR ŋŋ[ ŋ7ŋonly to tear the !Ėŋ.ŋunripe bananas ^Cŋfrom Q$*k¿ŶGŶ 0 ŶCì Ŷ Kaulula'au. The party traveled aroundŦ Ŷ Ŷthe islandŶşcounterclockwise, <ü(ŶūŶleaving "ŶŇcŢthe KeomukuŶ õŋyU=ŋ ŋ ŋtheir stems, or rend ŋthe ŁÁŋwalls ŋUÅŋÕŋ[ ĩLRŋjŋand embankments of artificial ponds, ŋthat ôŋtheir _! Ŷ!'Ŷregion, passing Ş_zŶF Ŷ8°Ŷthrough Ka'ena, Honopu, $ó $±Ŷ bKaumalapali, Kaunolu, Ŷ' Ŷ:ðand Manele.ćÀŶâŶ4ŶThe excerpts ŋŋÝ ŋU âstores of fishes might ŋ ŋŋ&AŋGŋ¦ÇŋCMŋĢescape to the sea. Aware of theseŋã grievances,0 #ŋKaululaauŋ below3Ŷ = Ŷcover Ŷ0the landsŶČŶ7Ŷof the 7southernŐŶ"ŶčŶcoast of ÜH¡aŶ"%ŶÛíLana'i between Kaunolfl ûŶ^andŶÝ*XŶManele. Bŋtook ŋ ŋŋwith him to 2> ŋŋÀUŋ6ŋLanai a talisman of Èŋ lŋ¬ŋŋrare powers. It was & ŋ Öŋŋthe gift of ŋhis ^!=ŋfriend, ŋthe ` ŋŋhigh-priest of -ŋ×his father, /+ŋŋand ŋŋŋconsisted of a spear-pointF ŋ ŋthat ŋhad been ŋ wŋïŋdipped in ŋthe ŋŋwaters of Po, Wŋ.ŋŋ <ŋKŋċgŋthe land of death, and many ' 8ŋgenerations before ŋ Ka Moolelo o Eleio The Tradition of Eleio "Úŋ ŋleft by Lono ŋŋMŋ ŋon one of his }u1ŋaltars. ¨ ĔY$ ŋŋ_ŋ ŋCrowning a long spear `ŋOŋÍŋwith this sacred (=ŋpoint, ĵbfRŋLQŋ Kaululaau attacked theŋwŊdis qŶ,2Q5ŶŶA mamuli o Ŷ Ŷkeia olele ana'ŶŶ-Ġţ Ôa Pahulu;Ŷ ²Ŷalaila, - ŶPahulu 1JŶđŶŶthen flew on 0 mŶahead, andĀŶ"ŶŶthey went İËîŋturbing $ #ŋspirits, .ŋ %ŋŋ ŋīŋand in a short time succeededij ?ŋ@ ' ŋeither %ŋ/!in bringing ŋ& @ŋŋthem to UŶŶ Ŷ.2Ŷua nee io aku ŶO ŶŶŶno lakou a noho ,Ŷ8$³Ŷma Honopu, Ŷon Ŷ Ŷ"Ŷ8ÃŶto stay at Honopu. ãŶŶThis place Ŷ+ $ Ŷis situated ŋ ŋ4ěľŋ Ĉsubmission or driving themŋàŋNŋ "¡ŋfrom the island. nNŋThe gnome ŋ Mooaieo ŋwas NÐŋthe !Ŷ Ŷaia ia ŭ{ŶŶ5ŶŶwahi ma kahi e Ŷane kokokeĮvŶIJŶSŶaku ana ŶŶw ŶŶnot too far away ėŶ1ŶĺŶŶ;(Ŷfrom the cliffs of Kaholo, ŋì ŋmost difficult Dŋ0 Ę 71ŋto vanquish. It X!ŋavoided ŋĜ ŋthe prince, 4ŋand C ŋfor ŋcsome timeÑŋ>ŋmanaged ŶŶ .aŶi ka pali Ŷ; Ŷo Kaholo, (ŶŶ Ŷaka, o Kaumalapau ?Ŷnae L Ŷťthough Kaumalapali*i Ŷ!Ŷis & =ÄŶ there, adjoiningĭ>łŶųKa ŋBŋ ŋto keep beyond ŋòthe influence5% ŋŋof ŋvAuthe charmedŋ (¥ŋŋspear-point; but & ŋthe ŋmonster 5ŶŶ!bĴŶ Ŷkahi e pill pu ana 'ŶŶme Kaholo. ;ÁŶy P;)Ŷholo. ŋz ŋwas finally ŋcaught æ ŋ ŋ9? ŋŋwithin the boundaries of ŋ | S ŋąŋa circular line ÎL scratchedŋ Nŋwith rŶA ģŶhfld ÚNň Ŷlakou &5Ŷnei Ŷ× (Ŷma Honopu, Ŷa nohoŶ áMŶ ! ŶŶ8EŶThey arrived at Honopu, ^Ŷ Ŷand stayed Ŷthere ŋthe !talisman ŋŋ ŋupon the surfaceĹØ ŋ6ŋof ŋ the earth ŋ ŋèbeneath which ŋ ŋŋit was 9 ņ_<ŋburrowing, òmalaila > Ŷ Ŷi &O Ŷkekahi Ŷ mau po„´ŶŶaole IĈŶnae Ŷhe OUŶakua several= Ŷ K)Ŷnights. -LU ŶPahulu Ŷhad Cîũ6 Ŷtraveled I Ŷall .4ŋand / ŋ _ ŋthereby brought ŋ5 ¢ŋto terms. It Tŋcould ŋnot ŋ ŋpass the line ŋĕnoŋ ŋmatter ŋÙ ŋhow far Ŷoia wahi,M5EŶ ŶŶÂno ka mea,Ŷ Ŷ Ŷua kaapuni 4Ŷhele Ŷo Ŷabout BŶµŶthe place, Ŷfrom Ŷ ŶŶ ŶJ@Ŷone side to the other 5ŋbelow ŋĺŋthe surface ŋ ŋ ŋit essayed ŋ4ŋkŋto do so. HĿŋWŋHeaving the ŋ ŋearth in ŋits ĮÓ ŋŋstrength and #ŋ ŋwrath, it sŋPŋchafed against & ŋÌthe charmedĝŋ dŋ ŋäÒŋ ŋ ħ#ŋ ŋzrestraint that held it captive, and finallygŋ 2Nupepa Kuokoa, Ociobcr 24 & 31, 1863. "eŋYł ŋŅéŋAŋX/8 ŋ¾)ŋŋplunged downward within the vertical walls of $ŋ %1ŋ§ŋAits prison. But there ŋŋŋwas no
13 ÊÏŶ14 B . īPahulu īia īmau īla īa īme īiaī mau īī īpo ma ia ī +īof the īland, ī īand into +ī īthe uplands, 7 īībut he gƅ"ƅ ƅA pau ke ƅƅ ƅÒƅƅkoena o ke Akua o "ƅƅKaunolu i -%)ƅƅą4ƅThus the remaining ƅ ƅakua of ĬƅKaunolu ƅwere >īapana 3īīī īmai o a o, 3īīīkīīmai ka a uka, aole īfona ha- ! īØ ī ī2īéīcould find no akua in ī Ē ! pīthe district. S&JfThere ƅ6ŵĹka lukuia, ƅƅa >ƅpepehi ƅƅ Įƅpu ia kekahi B pƅ ƅakua opu ,destroyed, ƅLƅand ƅƅ ƅńƅƅthere was also killed a = ƅgod ĥ3ī ðīī#īE īlawai iki me ke akua, īnolaila, īīaole o īlakou Õīfore, Kīthey ī īhad no īīreason to stay īī ąīthere for #ƅohao, ƅo < M C1ƅ ôƅKuahulua ka / ƅinoa ƅoia §ƅƅƅakua, a no ƅƅŰA ƅwith a protruding č6¼ƅ-ƅbelly. The ƅƅ~ ƅname of this īīkuleana e īīnoho hou _īçlīai malaila. nīlong. ƅ ƅVƅ ƅ )õƅka make ana oia akua ƅkqF\ ¨ƅ ă©ƅia Kaululaau, nolaila, = ƅgod ƅwas < %Kuahulua.;1dƅ 3:ƅWhen > ƅthis ƅgod ƅwas Q:5ī īīNolaila, ua nee ī<īīhou aku la 4 īī īlakou a noho ¹*īThen īthey ďY ītraveled !īonce - īagain, īand ƅhele ƅƅƅB)ƅhou ae ia lakou öƅa ƅƅ* ºƅnoho ma Manele. Cƅuƅkilled by Kaulula'au,Ŷ"+2 #ƅƅthey (}ƅŮ;ƅthen continued ī $īma Kaunolu, īa aW īmalaila īa īnoho 0īloihi īhou īstayed at ī åmīSīKaunolu. They Iw īremained at ī:īthis Ŧ /ƅĿ ŻƅĊƅtheir journey and ƀƅƅ*Nfƅstayed at Manele. 24 īlakou īma īia Mīwahi, īno īka īmea, īua ~Îīike īo "īplace ÓīFor Ć - īīquite a Hīlong ĎINītime, 8" ībecause BeīPahulu hƅĄªƅ ƅA malaila, uanoho ƅĺƅÚ ƅ ƅƅ ?ƅloihi loa lakou i kekahi -ĘƅThey , ƅresided ,ƅthere ĥƅfor !ƅsome time¶ƅa ¶)īīPahulu he »9īwahi īFīīīakoakoa ia o ke Lmīakua. õīknew that, īK:īīīthis was a "ī(īplace where īthe 2īakua ƅƅƅ ƅmau la ame kekahi !JWƅş#ƅƅƅ ƅê 1D"ƅmau po, a o ka Pahulu ŸĎ,ƅƅnumber of ƅĖƅdays and = ·ƅ ƅ ƅnights— and as was gathered. ī ƅWƅ ƅÌƅ ƅhana mau no i ka ƅwƅVVƅƅ ƅĆƅ ƅhele e nana i ke akua mao ìþ ƅ )ƅŬƅƅĜ ƅu ŧƅ ƁPahulu's usual practice he went about look Q]$īNolaila, &īolelo īaku īla īo B) īPahulu īdfia Kaul º& īBVeīTherefore Pahulu īīsaid to /cH' īKaulula'au, gP ī"Let ƅ!r»ƅhƅƅa maanei. A no ƅL`üƅ 7ka halawai oleƅƅ ƅ!ƅo lakou me ƅ ƅƅing here and (ĝYƅĦEƅƅthere for the 4 ½ƅghosts. nƅƂNot en d5īulaau, grī"E ½Tīaho īe ī4īnoho kakou v*Fjīianei, īīno ka īus stay ī&īīÞ-.īÙītīīhere a while, for I see īthere īatop ƅke akua, ƅnolaila,Q«ƅ Ĩƅhooholo 7ýŀ ƅƅ ƅlakou i ka 8ƅƅolelo e " ğ4ƅŝž#ƅ ƅcountering any, he ƅƅwent to œƅtell k T1T÷ ƅKaulula'au 5īmea, ī §Ïīua ike _īmai Fīnei īau, 3īaia ;ü īiluna īīpono o ³G6 _ī]īKahilikalani, is +īthe "ī+Jī ī<īplace where the akua ĻƅƅÞq;] ƅpii o Kaululaau ƅà9ƅame Lono ¬ƅƅiuka, a ƅë ƅo Pahulu ƅand lƅ ƅLono that ƅ ƅ ƅƅĪƅthey should ascend to the ¿āīīKahilikalani ke Eīakua áī0ī īr īīkahi i nohoai. Eia nae pīreside. ® ī [ī īBut this is ī°īwhat I ī īhave to &=ītell $īyou, %hoi, ƅ ƅ ƅua hele Ûƅloa ƅƅŁL /ƅƅļƅSƅƅoia ma kahakai a hiki aku i uplands, ƅįƅí ;C ƅwhile Pahulu "ƅwould (Y_Cƅ ƅtravel along īka īmea âīöī īhai aku ia īīoe e ė $īKaululaau, īe Ěīluku /L. 'NīKaulula'au, ī īthat you `īshall īindeed ĉăīdestroy å#ƅƅĽƅƅƅNaha, a malaila oia e 0ƅƅhull ae ƅƅ U\ƅai ia Kaululaau (ƅĒ ƅŨƅnJthe coast to Naha¾ƅ9ƅ ƅ{ƅƅand from there he ƅwould Òīī īīauanei oe i ka ÿęīīīnui o ke 2īakua ªīapau; īīao ke Wīall īthe L«īakua; 7L īībut you ĘG ī īòīshould not kill ī īthe god Çƅma. ƅ ƅseek out ŷ +G ƅƅKaulula'au and ƅhis ¿ƅcompanion. ī akua auanei0īī3@īīīe kapai'na la o bE īKanemakua, !Æ ī/È& īcalled Kanemakua, īīfor he īxīhas an - >īimportant gƅƅ<ųŎ)"ƅƅ A o Kaululaau ma hoi, ƅ ƅhele ]ƅƅaku la ƅlaua ;+"ƅKaulula'au ƅfolks ƅħ !ƅ*+O6¯ƅ Ƅƅwent from Manele, as 6èiīwīÑīy īī 9ī īīīalalia, mai pepehi auanei oe iaia no ka mea, ë8ījob īhere. s1īHis ìī īwork, is īī īīthat he is the čĢīÔīnative of ƅmai * ƅ ƅƅƅSƅManele aku a pii aku ƅŔƅa hiki 0ƅ9 ƅi Kanauau, ē ƅ ƅƅ ƅòty 2 ƅbćƅŽcending up to Kanauau (Kaneua'u (also writ īhe ?īhana ;īnui #nīkana. ¨ī0 īkana Cīhana, īīoia ke 1ī"iī īthis place, it īīī"Vī īis he who cares for the,īÖī īfish of ƅ!ƅa malaila p ƅ ƅƅ ƅaku no a ke }ƅƅkuahiwi o Kaohai, ƅƅa :ƅ ten Kaniuah)], ¥ó°ƅċƅƅũšƅ ƅand from there up ƅthe ]moun īīīkamaaina mau o Zûīkeia u\īwahi, īa ī īnana no īe ,īthe īsī īKīsea. He is the Nī īgod, and if ī ī8īhe should be 6ƅƅņƅƅhele ae la no 8ƅƅmalaiala a ®ƅƅKahaalelepaakai, a Xƅƅ<2Ş @Àƅtain of Ka'ohai. Ö!ƅƅ ƅFrom there they :ƅƅwent to Iī īøīmalama i kela īīíZī oīµ9īīi-a o ke kai. Oia ke  ī īakua, no ó jī(Yī=ī7īīīkilled, there shall be no other īī!Éīgod who can ƅĠƅSM`ƅma ia kuahiwi ƅƅ ƅ ƅaku no ka hele 9ƅƅana a Ńƅƅhiki ae Kaha'alelepa'akai, ƅ ƅand (%Ūƅ ƅthat peak ƅyXƅthey went ^īīka mea, 1 īina 1īīoia e ^īmake, Gīīaole mea yīīnana e î īkiai !{īJī }ī =Ħīwatch over this godly ã ¡īRī7ī!JÛīpoint. So be careful, ƅæ#ƅƅT8ƅ \ƅ ƅ ƅi Ohiahalo, a malaila aku ka hele ƅıĶƅƅana hiki i ƅçto 'Ohi'alalo.U eƅÓƅAnd ġ,!ƅ Oƅfrom there (ƅƅƅthey went to ī ī*Fīīcpono i keia lae akua.%ī QīīNo ka ībīmea, malama ī ī īthat you do not ī ĐĄī|ī2Ėī ī[īdestroy the akua of this ƅW ƅƅlČka mauna o Lanaihale, ƅƅkahi % ťƅƅhoi a ŇF ƅKaululaau ƅthe ƅ ŚķƅƅIt6mountain summit of Lana'ihale, ƅƅat ƅthe īīpaha e ī\īpau io īīana ke īīakua o # ī īīkeia aina ma īland īas īyou īdo ġīqīyour work. ¯īFrom īwhat tīI ƅ 0/ƅƅƅ ƅi kapili ai i ka ŕ ƅƅ đƅmaka o ke )ƅƅ wƅB dakua i ke kepau.1Í ƅ ƅplace where "1+ ƅ ėKaulula'au gluedƅ ƅclosed ( ƅthe īkeia īīīhana au e +īhana ($īīīnei, a e ī\īnoho mai īana ģīhave zMīī īīG~īīī īīseen, he is perhaps like you in what he ƅƅ ƅ eyes of the ghostsĩ ƅ ƅ[ƅwith the Ffglue.2Î īīpaha ka ī īmea i īīīlike pu me īīkou ano hīīa'u e īike %ī·īīàīdoes. So let him īremain Úkī īīīfree, that he may [1 %RK[!SC:D,[&0OE/3L[Nupepa Kuokoa, October [[[ [24 & 31, 1863. ī īaku neL īīīäīī īīE īAlalia, ua koe iho la no ke kumu 7ībe 9 %īworshipped. ²' a<īKanemakua will Ë"ībecome [2 'L+BN[Trans. K.["(
15 16 ʼn Ėʼnʼn HÐʼnʼnka pali o Kaholo ma Q:D<ʼnʼn ʼnʼnLanai, i ke ao 0ʼnana, vʼnkaalo G#2ʼning, ʼnthey ʼnsailed #ʼnʼnalong the Ăʼnʼn cliff of Kaholo, Ѥʼn o ¶,ij ij ijijij(ijijKaneapua ka hookele i loaa ai na Dijaina o ijthat ijcame ijupon ijthem fij ,ijin the Uijsea. ¾ijWhen ʼn ʼn 6ʼnʼnʼnae la lakou ma ka ʼnʼnlae o $ʼnʼnʼnʼnKaunolu, a ma ka ʼn³' Nʼnʼn ę#2ʼnF ʼn ʼn ʼnJʼnon Lana'i, at daylight, they passed by the ´)ijKahiki, 'ij ijoia ka Fij75ij ijÁijhookele akamai loa, ua pau 4u+ijKane'apua became!,ij ijthe ")ijsteersman, C9ijthey ʼnʼn+ʼnäʼnʼn tʼnʼn ʼn»ʼnʼnm ʼnhildna hema ild aku o laila, o ka Lae o Apua, ({ ʼnpoint ʼn ĺöþOʼnof Kaunolu. ½ʼnʼnJust a ^Ĕʼnʼnlittle to zʼnthe *Ňsouth ijûijij ijÑijij Öij ij%ijna hoku o ka lani a me ka lewa.T=ij. .l¡ 3 ij ijÐreached the lands ijijµijof Kahlki. Heijijâ İijwas fore ʼnčʼnʼnÕʼnka inoa oia wahi ʼna hiki ʼn "ʼn§ʼn¸ʼni keia la. E ʼnnoho :ʼnana ʼnʼneast of ,>ʼnʼn*ʼnthere, is the o~ʼnʼn¶ ©ʼnPoint of 'Apua. ÇʼnThat mostđijijof ijthe Ĥ& <ijnavigators, 1 ijand ú%ij ijijknew all of ijthe kekahi 9ʼn uʼnʼnkanaka o E(ʼn ʼnKaneapua ka Gjʼninoa. ʼnKahea ʼn7is the ʼnʼnʼnname of ʼnthis ʼnplace ʼnto *ʼnthe a ʼnpresent ijÛijstars of ij Ĭijthe sky ijand $8ijVijheavens. 2 ʼnHʼnʼn !ãʼnmai la ua kanaka ʼn "<ʼnnei, penei, ʼn ʼnʼnʼn"Ko ke waa, no ªʼnpxʼnʼnday. There was ĝ#ʼndwelling zñʼnʼnthere a ʼn ʼnman by ʼnthe /1 Nupepa Kuokoa, %, *// /&/ /January 5, 1 867, p. 1 . Vʼnʼnµ.ʼnwai he waa?" Äʼn"No ËT ĵkKʼnWahanui." ʼnʼnname of S L' AʼnKane'apua. RThe ʼn ʼnman 5 ʼnʼncalled out, /2 'Trans. // #-/K. Maly. ycʼnpʼn Mʼnʼn ʼnʼn&KʼnePʼnʼnthus, "The canoe, whose canoe is it?" "It is %ʼn) ĸl.ʼnfor Wahanui." &'Chiefly !'Lineages ' 'of Lana'i /4ʼn)T +ʼn ʼn"0 Wahanui ke +¡ʼnʼn ʼn ʼn y`&ʼnalii, o wai ke kahuna?" 4ʼn"0 eÅʼn"So )TāʼnWahanui ʼnis ʼnthe 9òʼnchief, ʼnwho ʼnis the ʼn 3 ß@1ʼnMoopuafld." /4ʼn"0 à Ęʼnʼn rĴ¢ʼnMoopuaiki ke kahuna, ʼno %9&1ʼnPʼnʼn3f ċ«.ʼnÆʼn3L 5Čʼnpriest?" "It is Mo'opuaLki." "So Mo'opuaiki ® ijIt ijwas after ij Cijthe $Ēijijevents in çijwhich +Oij?"mĊ ij Kaulula'au participated that ijijijwe see "ij ijà9ijreferences to chiefly ! ʼnwai ʼnđ&ʼnke kilo?" /4ʼnÀ ùA1ʼn"0 Kilohi." Bʼn"He ʼnʼnW ʼnwaa e holo ʼn*Eʼn I+8ʼnʼnʼnis the priest, who is ʼnthe astronomer?" %&.ʼn /ºʼn"It ô&ijlineages j ij% ijassociated with 0Æv )ij ij ijLana'i, and the islanda ijØĂijfell Ģ ij dij ą ijijunder the dominion of *ijď jijMaui rulers. »ijThe ʼnʼn&1ʼnBʼnʼnʼnwʼnʼnʼnana i hea?" "He waa e holo ana i ÜʼnʼnKahikiku, i ʼnis ¾KHohi." +@1ʼn /Ì"-ʼn"Where ʼnis ʼnthe ʼncanoe }#ʼnsailing ija ijÞ ijrole and fate ijof >ğ wijMaui's êij8ij Ü3Bij6 ijchiefs in warfare with -ijthe @#ijijchiefs of /-2čij:other islands. ijijalso ò ij$ ij ijspilled over to Ý8ʼnʼn sʼn u ʼnʼn 8ʼnKahikimoe, i Kahiki kapakapakaua a Kane, &1ʼnto?" /Rʼn"The ʼncanoe, ʼnis }#ʼnsailing ʼnto ÛʼnKahikiku 04xij'ijJijLana'i in the ĜH#ijã.Ĉijcenturies following pp+yijKaulula'au, ijand lasted ijIi&ijthrough ĕijęijij ijthe time of Kamehameha ʼnʼnʼnWʼn ʼnʼn úʼnʼnʼn ʼnʼnhe waa e holo ana e keekeehi i ka houpo o ʼnand ¿NʼnKahikimoe, sʼnʼnʼn,áʼn,Ġ(ʼnKahiki of the rain drops ¯=L ³ijIn ijijfact, a 3ĥijij±4Oıij Đijreview of Lana'i's history fÓijsince ijĚijij Ùij¬ ij $ijthe time of western Contact reveals ij/that the ¨.ʼn4ʼnKane." "0 ;ʼnkou ʼnʼnhoupo la ʼnʼn ʼnhoi o ko ʼn : ʼnke kanaka, ʼn ê<ʼnʼnof Kane, to ʼn ʼntread upon ʼnthe ʼnʼnbosom of '¬.ʼnKane." .1 ij1 ij island and itsijijpeople $ijhave been! ij!õk ij ijsubjected to >MzijK ij.6 ijMaui's political policies Ė ij Úthroughout modem ʼnka ʼnHʼnʼnʼn ʼnåʼnhoupo la hoi o ke akua üʼnă<ʼnʼnkeehiia iho, a ʼnpau "YourÍĻʼnʼn9ʼnʼnʼnʼnchest is that of a >ʼnman, ʼnand ʼnto įʼntred K times. =ʼnʼn ʼnoia, a koe âjʼnmake. oʼn ʼnPehea la ʼnʼn hoi owau kekahi!ʼn ʼnupon ÷ʼn ʼnʼnthe bosom of q0$ʼnʼnKane, is Ĭʼn ʼnʼnĚthe end of life,ʼn «ĝcijBetween /ijmijijthe time of ÂÃ{ij ijKaulula'au and ijóAkij"ijhis immediate peers until; ij ijĄ Agij¢¥ Qij - ijthe middle 1700s, there ʼnʼn ʼnmaluna oka U&ʼnwaa?" ʼnonly bʼnŀ ʼn,[D lʼndeath will remain. ¹ʼn ʼnʼnPʼn dHow about if I be ij9ijijij !Fijare only a few notable "8ijreferences ijto C(áNijchiefly @Kijijassociations on 04IJijLana'i ijand $ ijseveral (ijpassing ʼnʼnʼnʼn ʼncome one of them upon ʼnthe !&Kʼncanoe?" references8 .Nijgenerally ij ijone or ijtwo liners— ijijto some $ ijijevent in ijijwhich a chiefëij$ ij ijvisited or ijwas 4 " ʼnĪʼnOlelo mai ʼn 9ûʼnʼno Kilohi ke Ā Aʼnkilo. /Èʼn"Ua pihaĄʼn¼ʼnloa Á¥ʼnʼnKflohi, the astronomerİ-ʼn ¦ʼnsaid, Rʼn 6ʼn"The canoe 6associatedē ijIijwith 04PÀij\oij>ijLana'i. Samuel M. Ï ^Mij ijbijel Kamakau made an interesting '&ij Ý2i Ôij ijreference to 0+|íijijLana'i in ijhis ʼnka >ʼnwaa, ʼnʼnʼnaole oe e hiki." Cʼn ʼnwʼnʼnʼnI ka holo ana ma ʼn "Hłʼnis completely ʼn ʼnXë6ʼnA.ʼnmĩʼnloaded, you cannot come." As A# ijijdiscussion of ijthe HawaiianÇ ij ėij#ij£¦¤§¨ijnation in 1869: \ʼni iēʼnkekahi ma-ka-lae 2ʼn ʼnʼnmai, loaa i !ʼn 6Mʼnʼn ʼnka ino, me ka ĭ ʼnthey ʼn0ʼnsailed on ʼnby, #ʼnʼnXĦ^ ʼn(ʼnʼnpassing a certain point, a ğ?ʼnʼnʼnʼn Ö\hʼnʼn ʼnmakani, a me ka puahiohio, o ka Ĝʼnhuli £ʼnwaa, aʼnì$ʼn #ʼnĿʼnʼnŁʼn ʼn,ʼnstorm arose, along with a wind and water ʼnĒʼn=ʼnhoolana aku la, aʼn ʼnʼn ʼnkomo i ka ʼnʼn ?ʼnlulu o Kaunolu, Oʼnspouts. QʼnLest ʼn ʼn ʼnthe canoe be overturned,ļZ-IJ?ʼn ʼnthey ' ' ' $ #'Ka Moolelo o Hawaii— Helu '108 The !" History &' 'of % 'Hawaii ʼn ʼnʼna pae i v @ʼnKaumalapau. ė"-Zʼn*ʼn ʼnʼn c ąʼnʼnF ʼnsheltered the canoe at Kaunolu, and then Heij ijøÉijij ij 6ijaupuni kahiko loa ke aupuni Hawaii ħ ijijma ]ijThe HawaiianĨÈijE& ijijij ijù&Įkingdom is an ancient king Yʼnʼn landed at Kaumalapa'u.Ĺ' gʼn keia pae aina, aka, he aupuni UIIU a mokua- dom in these islands, though it was a 3ʼnʼnMa ka _ʼnʼnmoolelo o ʼn5ʼnkeia kanaka ʼn ńo Kanea CʼnIn ʼnthe ħʼnʼnÿʼn $ʼnstory of this man, S L'(ʼnKane'apua, ʼnit :ijij# <ij ijij; ij¿ijij7ĭ ij ij ij g <ij ij ij ij ij hana nae o ka noho ana, a ua lehulehu wale little kingdom and divided. There were Ģʼn ʼnpua, no ýʼnKahiki ʼn ʼnmai no ʼnʼnoia, ua E_ʼn ʼnʼnhele pu mai ʼn!Yʼnis said that ʼnʼn!ʼnIʼnhe came here óʼn ]®ʼnBʼnfrom Kahiki. He bijijij ijij)ijijij2oýijij lij E ij ij ģ Tij ¼ ij 3ij na 'lii Moi ma keia mau pae aina, aole i lilo many chiefs and Kings on these islands, ʼnʼnme kona ʼnmau Ċʼnkaikuaana ʼnʼna no ʼn5 ʼn $ʼnka wai ole, èʼn came with ʼn ʼnhis " -ʼn Ielder brothers,Nʼn ʼn ʼnand because ij}°ñij*_ij ij #ij ijijÎRijĉijij½_ij ĆNij èij ? ijij ij /ij . Sij ka pae aina o Hawaii i ka Moi hookahi, i the Hawaiian islands were not subject to *ʼnʼnʼn (ʼnʼnhoouna ia o Kaneapua, e ʼnʼn ʼnUʼnʼnpii i ka wai i ijʼnuka J,Zʼnʼn ʼnaʼn ʼnthere was no water, they ʼnsent ʼnʼnʼnhim to the ijijDijij 5ij ij ij*(ij Êijij -ij ĩ:ij ij ij ij!ö ij ij kekahi elua Moi o Maui, a he alii okoa ko one Sovereign. Once there were two Kings 0 3ĈʼnʼnʼnMild, aia no ʼnÔʼnia wahi ʼnʼnÂVʼn!$mauka o Lanai, aka, ( ʼnʼn3Đ$ʼnʼnõʼnuplands at Mild, to get ʼnsome Ikʼnwater. CʼnʼnIt is ,7Ëij ijZijij *ġ)ijijij'6ij ij ij ij\$Hîæijº2ij -2"ij2"ij %ijij Lanai, a pela ko Molokai, ko Oahu, a me ko for Maui, with a different chief for Lanai, ʼn 6ʼnhe kuko ʼn;ʼnua mau à:ʼn`ʼnʼnkaikuaana nei o =Kaneapua, 7there "%ʼnʼnʼnin the ʼnʼnQquplands of Lana'i.{¯ʼn·ʼnBut Ĩʼnbecause 0Sijij.ij ij*þ ij ij[5ijijij ij ij*ij ijij ßH ij@ijäG ij· `)ij Kauai. A ma ko Kamehameha ikaika i ke and the same for Molokai, Oahu and Kauai. ʼn ʼnGʼn1 ka aina ʼnʼnmomona o hʼnʼnʼn~Kaneapua, oia ka aina øʼn ,ʼn %Į"%ʼnĽʼnʼn,^Xthe older brothers coveted the rich ʼn ʼnʼnlands of Vij ©ij ij ij,ij77ijij ij ij -ij1 ijå ij* Ìij[Ğij ij`ij kaua a na 'lii i kokua pu iaia ma ke kaua As a result of Kamehameha's strength in ʼn ræ Ćʼn tʼnʼn[ʼnʼnʼni Kahalapiko nolaila, ua haalele ia o ŅKanea ' g' ʼnKane'apua, ʼnʼnJʼnthat is the ʼnʼn ć2ʼnland of Kahalapiko, ijijij~²ij(ij üijijijij ij ij WijÄij3 ijijhij/ Jijćij ana, ua huipuia ma ke aupuni hookahi ke battle, and with the chiefs that helped him (ʼnʼnn 8ʼnʼnʼnpua i Lanai, a ua ʼnʼn ʼnmoe i ko Þ ʼn\ E2ʼnlaila wahine, ua 7 ʼn ʼnthey abandoned '' ʼn ʼnnS °ʼnKane'apua on Lana'i. BʼnHe ijijM#ċijij ij; #ij 5(ij ÷×ij ! Ĕăij ij%Jij ij'ij/d ij ijij aupuni Hawaii. Mai ia manawa mai a loaa in battle, the kingdom was unified as one ěʼnʼnģʼn ʼn " ×ʼn(@lilo i kupuna no kekahi poe. ʼnmated Jʼnʼnwith a ʼnʼnbʼn >ʼnʼnîňwoman of that place, and be ij1ï=ijZijÿijh%ijijijĀij ij! )ijIij E& ijijĠð ijijij wale mai ia kakou i ka poe o keia wa ke Hawaiian nation. From that time until our ʼn50ʼnĕ"%ʼnʼnʼnʼnbʼnĤ ʼnF-±ʼncame an elder of some of the people there. %ij ij#ij ^ ijij ij ijij eijij ij %ij5 ijX ij ijLij ij;"ij Éʼn!0ʼnUa hana ʼnʼnmau o )Ò`ĶʼnʼnʼnʼnďʼnWahanui ma a no ka ʼnmake ) ʼnWahanui ʼnGcʼn% #ʼnÎʼnV Ï2ʼnfolks continued trying [to sail], ijkapaia ijo ijkeia ijij ij ijªijmau pae moku ke Aupuni Č ijpresent ntime,ij ĪcijÒBijijij ijįwe are people of these is Hawaii.1 + + $ʼn;ʼnpinepine, ua ʼnʼn ;ʼnʼn ʼn=ʼnʼnhooili ia maluna o ka waa, ma ïʼnand ôĥð ʼnfrequently ʼncame ʼnclose ʼnto YŃ#$ʼndying, ʼnas ' ā1 ijlands, ija HawaiianÍ8ij¹Nation.2ĘU _D]ʼnKealaikahiki ʼnma *6ġʼn ʼnKahoolawe ka Wʼnholo !:ʼnʼnana i -ʼnstorms ʼn ʼn7ʼn ʼnʼncame upon the canoe at ÙMʼnKealaikahfld, /1 Nupepa Kuokoa, (!"/ //March 18, 1869. ØOʼnKahiki. ÊʼnUa ʼnolelo ʼnia ʼnma ʼnka ʼnʼn)dmoolelo o Wa f 8ʼn[%ʼnKaho'olawe, where ʼnone |ʼnʼn Úʼnsails to KahikL CʼnIt /2 ) %+/ /Trans. K. $. /Maly. *ʼnʼní ʼn! ʼnʼn ]ʼnīʼnhanui i holo ai i Kahiki, mai Ğʼnʼn)ņpililda o Wa ʼnDʼnis said 0ʼnin the ʼn7-+ ʼnʼn)Ó50ʼn|dtradition of Wahanui's sail W Dij ijAccording to XĎ GRijij ĦijijFornander, a review of ,genealogiesij? ijěand traditionsÕnij ijindicated ijY+P(ijthat Lana'i, éķʼnʼnʼn ʼnhanui ma i ka ʼnʼnʼnmoana a ua çľU ʼnʼn?ʼnnalowale na aina, Ď#ʼnʼn Fĉ$ʼning to Kahiki, 7that ʼnthere x%ʼn!ʼnwas ;ʼnmuch ı ʼntrouble %ìijqwhile "independent ij ij/',Qrijat times," -ijGB ijnonetheless shared ijs ija "political :trelation"ijī ijwith ¸ijijMaui a ijfew &"Lij "ijgenerations after ij 'ijijY+(ijthe cleansing of Lana'i !9ijby +Kaulula'au.ij]éij3FÅLijij !!9ijThis relationship was probably
²´ʼn17 18 ʼnŢqQ PŢfortified during Ţ @ Ţ Ţܹ;ÞĪV ijŢthe reigns of Kiha-a-Pi'ilani >Ţl Ţand his Ţson Z 6 6ì ŐŢèKamalalawalu [15:94,.J}edvŢ3%=é!Ţ207]. ŢThe ǍǍIǍǍǍǍiopuu iaHana a me ka ī.ǍšǍǍ2Ʒpualihikina o Maui. úǍT ƣǍJlǍtook Hana Ǎ Ǎand the ƘǍ 9 Ǎeastern district Ǝ ǍƻÃǍof Maui. MŢ Ţresearch of KŢ Ţßį0 ŢKamakau and Fornander )Ţb /*Ţmake several ĞŢpassing Q ŢŢBŢreferences to the /Ţ^ŢŢfact that in ǍǍ ǍǍ # Ǎka hoi ana o Kalaniopuu ƢǍI XǍi Hawaii, Ǎ ƑǍa mahope oA Ǎ5ǍKalani'opu'u then ƯǍ Ǎreturned to Km $ǍHawaii, Ǎafter HŢca. YJ%%EŢ1500, ÚG;áD (Kiha-a-Pi'ilani4 Ţ ŢŢň1Ţĉ 'ŢŢwas for a time forced to 7(ŢŢ"[¥hide on Lana'i,XŢ ŊŢBuntil theŢTŢpath was ŢŢopen |ǍǍ.Ǎiho o ia YǍ>Ǎmanawa, hele Ǎmai la ǍǍāO*Ǎo Kamehameha Ţ*ǍXǍwhich time, D.Ǎ?ǍǍǍKamehamehanui went to make ŢŢfor his óŢTŢ,taking the throne ŢŢŢfrom a Ā`?Ţ AŢ# 7R:ŢGGs(0(!Ţcruel elder brother, Lono-a-Pi'ilani. ÛGºà(tĝ0¦ŢKiha-a-Pi'llani's 8ēŢreign MǍǍŸǍǍNui ka Moi o 2)+ǍǍǍ=ǍČǍǍĭǍąNjMaui, a kaua ia Puna ke alii Ki- warǍǍon g)FǍPima, whomǍ ĸA)ǍKalani'opu'u Ǎ ǍǍhad left in Ţwas Ţ Ţone of k Ţ0ŢFŢ-7UŢ progress and peace, though nothing,Ţ Ţ Ţmore is ŅŢ Ţmentioned of f6§OŢLana'i š34Ë33µ.â}Ê=yŢ[23:22,15:87, NǍ ĨĶ CǍǍǍ 6ǍƌǍǍ ĬǍaaina Kalaniopuu i hoonoho ai no ka puali ŜǍ ǍǍ ƙǍcharge of the eastern ʼn 94Ǎ Ǎdistrict of 2)ÄǍĕ.ǍMaui. This 3%
&iiHaloalena, P:Ţ Ţ Ţ Ţ ñŢŢthe chief of Lanai was ŢŢCconsidered a very ŁŢŢgood +U ruler. +!Ţ &ŢkŢHis great ĹưƱǍKalaniopuu TǍravaged Ǎthe Ǎisland Ǎ- Ǎof Lanai {ŧlj+Ǎthoroughly, Ǎand Ǎthe LNǍLanai chiefs,#y 0Ǎ čR$Ţ 1ŢŢfavorite pastime was -Ţthe Ţ Ţcollection of Ţthe ) -Ţ Ţj skeletons of birds.HŢåWhen7 Ţ-Ţthe MČŢchiefs unable% ǍǍ ǍťƃEǍ9 Ǎto oppose him, retreated ǍǍ śǍto a fortified Ǎplace called uǍJű"Hookio,"$ǍƉinland Ǎ #QŢûŢbird tax wasŢjŢabout UŢŢŢdue it was Ţthe Ţusual 9Ţ ŢTąŢcustom of the ŢŢŢ,Ţ Ţagents to go out and ŗRƏǍƼfrom Maunalei.'.ÅǍóǍ&/Ǎ Ǎ Ǎ6 But being short of provisions, ZǍǍand '68Ǎtheir waterǍ Ǎǁ?Ǎsupply having ĸA òŢŢproclaim the chiefsļŢŞÆŢwishes. .4ÌÔc{zzWŢ[13:IV-422] been%Ǎ) Ǎř°Ǎcut off, ǍzBǍdie fort was ǍŋǍ% Ǎtaken by Ğ))$ǍKalaniopuu, Ǎ Ǎand the 4/ ǍǍŲchiefs were killed.ÆǍĔ ǍThis -ǍLanai Lj ǍǍexpedition is &Ǎp Ǎremembered by ǍįǍ Ǎthe name of OŷÇǍKamokuhi. ¦ØHíÙHé¹ÚH!ÛǍ[15:156-157] &õ Haloalena Ţ'Ţhad Ţthe )\ Ţ ŢŢ#ġskeletons of the birds Ţ :Ţ ú'¸Ţcleaned, prepared, > ŢŢ Ţand posed for ïŢĢ8PŢ$ Ţsafe keeping in Ţ Ţone of b K Ţseveral Ţlarge 9Ţ Ţstorehouses on "h@tŢ Ţ ŢLana'i as his SiŢō+ÇŢpersonal treasures. 8xŢŢ$$bŒŢKauhi, a mischievous ùB ºŚǍ Ǎ Ǎ Forty-five years after Kalani'opu'u'sĪoVAƲVC Ǎ.sǍǍraid on -Ĵ¡,ǍLana'i, ş/Ǎhis { sƳR±Ǎ ¢ƐƴŹ Ƌ²Ǎgranddaughter, Ke'dpuolani, also ƛǍ Ţ Ţson of Kauhi-a-Kama,qĚ½;ØEŢ', 2 Ţ Ţ, Ţ) Ţ Ţdestroyed all the skeletons and Ǎthe 4ǍDžŘǍ Ǎsacred wife of (ǍdǍKamehameha IǍ and ŌǍ mother ofǍǍŴǍhis acknowledged heirsv ³ǍŊÈǍďǍłǍdied. She had been an early and influential convert to the Protestant mission, and her passing was ä8ŢŢŢŢThis was the cause ŢŢ7 ī(ņŢLŏof the hostilities between]Ţ-ŢĦŢ Ţ" /Ţ Ţthe king of Lanai and ,Ţ Ţ Ţthe king of p'@Ǎ Ǎ źUǍ ǍƊ Ǎ wǍ Ǎ Ǎg jǍƄ ,ǍǍǍ ƈǍ:ƜǍ documented in the Missionary Herald. 5ŕyŢ ŢŢMaui, and the Ţ2Ţreason why Ţ Ţ Ţ" OŢŝ 'ŢŢ#Ţ'Ĺ ŢøŢthe king of Lanai wanted to be independent and Ţnot v@ƤǍƇǍǍ LŢ£Ţbe any RŢ@+Ţlonger under ŢoŢ Ţ5the king of Maui.a !Ţ ÎŢAt ŢpŢthis time Ţthe M Ţ Ţchiefs of " Ţ ŢLanai were ǍKeopuolani was Ǎō Ǎgreatly beloved&TǍ& Ǎ7Ǎ ǍnjÉÊǍby her people . . . KHer7ǍƬǍ native disposition ƭǍğ Ǎwas under` AŢńŢ ŎĩŢ Ţthe control of / K EŢħŢ Ţ5ŖHŢç.4~ÕÁ{3dWŢKamalalawalu, king of Maui. [13:IV-424] ŰĢĿremarkably Ǎ & ǍǍr}/8 GǍamiable and conciliatory, ǍǍand her 9(treatment Ǎ ǍǍ CP4 Ǎof her subjects :Ǎwas î VŢŢKuali'i was şŢ_Ţdrawn into ŢĂthe dispute, 9xŢ Ţ *Ţ Ţ¢and settled it withoutĕŢ#?EŢUŢ&h*K Ţbloodshed, though Haloalena ƽœǍ 3]Ǎever humane. Ţ"g_DŢ and Lana'i remained (ıŢřunderĈŢŢ5ŗŢthe Maui nŢY4ÍÖkingdom [13:IV-426],;d3 dǍIn Ý1868,;ê;$Ǎ-Ǎ jǍ§ 5ǍLot Kamehameha (Kamehameha ĖªǍTƥǍ* Ǎġń ǍǍV) visited his lands on BǍ ijǍthe island Ǎ-ū¥+Ǎof Lana'i, Ǎand also visited Kaunolu where his grandfather, Kamehameha I, had resided for a time. It Ka Moolelo o Kamehameha I— Helu 5 The History of Kamehameha— No. 5 ǍǀǍ ßǍwǍQ ǍƗ Ŗ8GǍ OǍe¶ǍǍ Ǎ ǍǍŭÍǍ eǍ Ɲ5ă"ƒ Żĺ[Ǎč"ŎƅǍŕǍƫ"Ǎđn"Keopuolani, Queen of the SandwichŅDŽŁŝǍüIslandsƞżĵņƟǍ÷Ā"ŇǍ ǍĒŏƓƦDied on SeptemberŐƁŀ"ƕǍ_ëƧŞ16th,·_ì1ã[ǍǃŤſ"Ǎ~ǍƖ"Ơ~ňőq"ǍkƨǍćĮk¸ǍÎ1823, while In residence atlahalna," ÒŢĤŢðŢ.| 19 áÑǍ20 O Lahe ke kolu o na akua. i ka'u wasŋ ŋ/)ŋreported by Ì+ ŋ-Ŀ Ô)ŋ¸/ ŋWalter Murray Gibson 3ªH±®,ŋ! ŋ(1873) and Ğŋ¶ YŋKenneth Emory 3§²¯,ŋ"ŋ(1924) that, whileāŋ ŋon `ŧM/ŧ ŧ wŧŧŧS¥ŧÏÐÑÒŧŧ ŧ Èŧŧŧ ĕ ŧŧŧ «ŧLahe is the third of the gods. Í$ŧBŧ$ŧSay if my wahlne a ukiuki au, alaila, noho iho la au a Sŋł"ŋŋthis visit, a ŋŋgod-stone at ąŋŋþ 5 ŋŋKaunolu was hidden at ŋŋthe King's ŋ# ŋorders, and Qŋthat ŋŋone of ŋthe áŧŧDĨŧ)ŧ , ŧ&ŧCŧ ŧŧŧ wifeĄŧ had ŧŧ Qŧa disagreement with|+ŧŧ ŧ@ŧme, and I wasŧ hoi mai oe mai ka lawaia mai, alaila pee ae (ŋmen l ŋresponsible o} ŋfor RïŋPŋ 4ŋŋhiding the stone, was +wĄ ! Ļ[ŋŋ! ŋKeli'ihananui, an ancestor ofŋ2Ġ{ŋ÷äŋseveral families ŧŧ ŧŧ ŧ(/ŧâ-ŧ%,(¦ŧŧŧ 1ŧupset. cŧI Ŝŧ ŧąŧmay go off 0 ŧand ęŧsit >YŧA ŧalone, and ŧthen la au me ke hild o ka heiau me ko ike ole you come back from fishing. Then I go and ŋÃÑęŋĉŋXŋ ' ŋof Lanal in the present )EŋÊŋday. The %ÛMŋ ĥ ŋHawaiian newspaper Kuokoa /ĕ ŋ# ŋŋŋ> ŋpublished part of a series ŧŧ!ŧ ŧĒŧŧ ŧ7õŧ!ŧ ŧ8lŧ ŧ $ ŧ ŧ*Úk ŧċ ŧ5r ¬ŧ.ŧcŧ ŧA ŧ mai ia'u. Aia iloko o laila o kanemakua ka 4 ŋ ī ŋîm êŋof articles describing $|Q( ŋanother 2ŋŋËĚ84ŋå ŋŋŋŋvisit to Lana'i, and a trip to KaunoluĆŋ ŋx$ŋI25ėë> ŋmade in November ŧW§ŧ¾ŧÎ ŧŧ(Ġŧ ŧ y ŧ ŧ´ŧ s ŧŧ ŧ ŧ ăŧŧ\ŧ6ŧ$Hŧhide on the side of the heiau, without you o na akua. A nanea mai la kda i ka hele, he seeing me. Inside there, is Kanemakua, the ¨H°HEŋ1868. fB~ .$ )\ŋImportantly, weŋéŋŋ ŋlearn the names ŋ2ò ŋof several ŋŋof the akua lawai'a p5$ŋ ,ŋ(fishermen's gods) ŧ/ ¨ŧbŧüŧŧ ŧ Ăŧŧ ŧm ŧ , ŧ9ŧ@ ŧ}+ŧŧeðyå"ŧ ŧ peku iki wale aku no ka'u a pa iki ia Lahe, 4th of gods. Now while he (the one who ŋ ćŋeytĩ ]ŋ2' ŋof Kaunolu. Altogether, seven ŋgod ŋæŋstones are = 4ŋČŋ*$ŋnamed, six in ŋthe <ŋŃĜYŋŋ ķ"ŋcoastal vicinity of Kaunolu, 8ŧRħŧ h ŧ;Hŧŧ Xŧŧŧv7ŧŧM" µŧŧ _ŧ Oŧ Ř ŧ ŧKŧ ŧ ŧ ŧ< ŧ ŧŧ ŧ Pŧŧŧoia hele no o ka lohe a na ŧŧ ŧYpepeiao o ka ia, returned from fishing), is there relaxing, & ŋand !$Q( ŋ ŋanother on ?ŋthe kula # ŋ/2ŋlands above Eŋit. e ŋŋn ŋAmong the other Ę # ŋŋ'$Ĭ ŋěŋimportant sites mentioned in ō ŧČ!ŧ5 -ŧŧ }Đ4{Qŧ öŧ o ŧŧjŧ ŧka pau aku la noŧĭŧŧ ŧ ŧia i ka holo, x ŧ alaila, aole and I would go quickly go over to touch ŋ1 ŋçŋthe account are ŋ ( >$ŋŋŋa reference to the 1ŋhouse ŋŋgÖ8õ8öŋ3site of Nahi'ena'ena (theŋ ŋsacred û' ŋŋdaughter of ŧ@ŧH ŧ ŧŀG÷Īŝŧ ŧTŧŧŧ ŧ ŧŧe loaa hou íŧŧ ŧP ( ŧkana ia ke holo hou,ŧŧa ŧhana hou Lahe (thinking of him). Then by going there, B&Bŋf,aŋıĦ ŋ ŋKamehameha I), situated on ŋrŋthe flats belowl( ŋŋthe heiau, ŋĪŋùW ŋİŋ * sŋŋŋand the former trail leading to the f ŧKʼn ŧBŧĖ9ŧ.ŧ*$ŧ ,ŧ"ŧ ŧŧ ŧ Ü9ia e ke kahuna. the ears of the fish hear, and that is the j ŋŋi ZÐ1bŋÈ (Vŋ:altar of Kane'apua. Readers areŋ ŋalso ŋŋ0ŋŋtold of some of Pŋ ĭŋ ŋthe practices associated ŋ ÿ~ŋwith worship ŧhŁŧŧ ŧ5ŧ )ŧ 0 ŧ ŧŧ ňŧ end of his going, he shall not get fish again, ŋX?ŋof the akua lawai'a, ŋand vŋ ijŋŋŋġŋthe nature of the spring ŋÇi9ŋĂIJ ŋ ŋof Pa'ao, situated on 6ŋĽ ĸŋthe Kaunolu Jz)ŋValley & ŧŧ ŧčŧŧ ŧ ŧ ŧ5 ŧ "ŧ until he goes to the kahuna. r ŋfloor. Ŋŧŧŧŧ ŧ 2ő1ŧ `ŧO## ĥŧ ŧ¶ŧŧŧv9ŧO Namakaokaia ka 5 o na akua. dŧ8ŧIa akua Oì# iŧŧNamakaokai'a is ŧthe · ŧŧ 5th of theŧ ŧgods. @ŧIt ŧ6/ŧe mohai !ŧŧ ŧmua ai ke 2I-ŧŧŧkahuna, i mea ŧ ŧe oluolu ŧUŧ5Tŧ ŧUŧUŧ ÞŔŧ#ģŧŧis the first god that the kahuna makes an iŧŧŧŏŧmai ai ua mau aumakuaSŧ>"ŧI a, (Zŧ ŧ ŧŧalaila, loaa ka ia offering to, as a means of appeasing all Naue ana e ike !i ka Mokupuni o Traveling ! ! ! !About to See ! ! !the Island of Ćuŧ ®ŧ ŧ ŧ!#ŧ ŧ F ŧ#Ĺŧ ŧeçľŧa Kalani WM©ŧbŧke'Lii. A ŧlele wale ŧ ŧka Ő>ŧŧÙŧ ŧpule ana a ke the 'aumakua. Thus, the King and chiefs Kaululaau. Kaulula'au. ŧI!æ¯ŧ .Ďŧŧ'ŧ ï ŧsŧ 2Jŧŧ ŧkahuna me ka Ø ŧn.kaka ŧ ŧ ŧole o ka ªŧpuaa, : %ŧalaila %%ŧŧćrshall catch fish._ŧ g ŧWhen þŧŧthe priest ŧreleases FŋKaunolu. C GŋKaunolu. ŧÛğô)ŧ ŧua malkal.holo Óŧŧ ŧke_ i ka hiaku,jŧŚ Ĵŧwili 8ŧ ŧaku la ŧ$4 ŧ# ŧBŧthe prayer, and if theŧŧpigs wereŧŧ!Šnot mov %ŋÕ ŋ ŋHe ahupuaa no @ŋŋkeia o ^ŋKaunolu, ×ŋhookahi Òü«ŋŋŋKaunolu is an 4ŋM ŋŋahupua'a, and we ŋmet ŋwith ŧ ŧhoi ke ~ŧtŧkahuna i ŧ ŧke kapa J ŧŧeleuli, a x ŧŎŧlohe ua ŧing *"ŧ +ŧŧŧabout, then it is ú]ŧ.good. The ŧÆŧKing ŧ ŧcan go M ŋŋkanaka i <!ŋ ŋŋÝ ŋhalawai pu me makou ŋ ŋŋ-Vdŋi laila o Mr. ŋ&$ŋ ^ŋone man there, !Mr. - 8'`ŋMaka'ena, whoŋŋŋis a 2~ŧ ŧŧkahuna la e ŗŧŧawa mai ŧŧana na ŧŧkanaka a Ŀºŧpenei: 8GŧoĔ1ŧaku fishing. .ŧ 2&ŧThe kahuna willġ ŧ Ĝŧtwist *ŧabout -!U( 4ŋŋ ãÜŋMakaena, he kamaaina ŋŋia oia Ø"ŋwahi, ! ŋŋnana i ŀŋŋŋnative of that £ŋ¼ŋŋŋŋplace. It was he who : 7)ŋcorrectly ½ŧ!ŧ ŧSŧŧ' ŧŧ"A mau ke aku a Kalani e! ? [ŧalaila, Ť/ŧDŧho-a iki ŧ* ùŧ ŧ 6"ŧ: ŧŧthe black kapa cloth, and he will ŧhear ŧŧthe đŋ ŋkuhikuhi pololei 0!ŋŋ ŋmai i na ŋ C ŋmea kaulana Kēŋoia ŋŋŋ=|Ĺpointed out the famousŋĔŋŋplaces of ŋthat /)dŋbay. ŧ ŧĤ#+Iŧŧ¼ŧae ke kahuna, a ma@ ŧ ŧīŧŧhou ke aku a 'E:ŧKalani ŧëĻ ŧ"ŧN0$ŧpeople calling thus, "Many ŧaku ŧŧare caught awa. ŋ g ŋ ŋO@ŋŋ+&ŋNana no hoi e malama #$ŋŋ ŋana i na ŋmea ºŋŋŋHe is the ŋone whoŋ' ŋŋattends to ?ŋ6 sŋthe things )VVŧe,!! G ŧ ŧ Lŧpuoho loa kela, ŧ ŧpau ka ıIJijĵ[ŧpillkia, # ŧ7)ŧaka hoi, 3$ŧby the ŧ', ŧ.ŧ JŧKing! The kahuna shall ŧ( light ŧŧ ŧa small Cŋŋ ŋ ğŋkanu a ko kakou %LŋÅŋ=6kuŋJ ŋHaku Lani Kamehameha V. 7ĮŁ ŋo} ŋ1WŋÉcultivated for our RoyalY ŋÁ _ŋ='OBôŋLord, Kamehameha uŧ ŧŧina aole e ŧ ŧĬŧŧ loaa ke aku a ke'lii,m 7-ŧ% )ŧ!# ŧalaila, make oŧfire ŧand ŧŧÅŧř then the King willĮŧŧ ŧ:=°ŧget more aku. ;ŋA wahi6ŋŋhoi # 4ŋŋŋŋŋana, e hoi ae ana ŋ¬ŋ%ßŋ ŋua Imi Haku la JGV. %ŋÚ ŋŋHe said that ŋ ŋň+ŋ Ĵŋŋthe Lord will return to go ŧ qœŧŧŧke kahuna, a i ŧPŧole hoo„ÔÕŧŧŧ ŧ ŧÝŧ ŧia ae la ka waha o .$ŧ > ŧłŧ |)ŧ ŧThey shall cry out, and the ŧŋ3(ŧòŧĈštroubles are fin ŋ+#Tŋŋ.*ŋi laila e lawaia ![ŋ ŋĀŋŋTai, ke hiki ae iloko ŋŋ-èÞ9ŋo Marald, p* ŋfishing ŋĊŋŋ ?ŋŋ-&:íŋ here in the months of March and ŧkekahi ;ŧŧ ŧkanaka i ka ŧŧ ŧŧ ŧE ŧŧmakau a kau i ka lele i 1ŧished. ¿-ŧŧBut, if ŧ'Fŧthe King ŧ&ŧdoes not kŧļ$ŧcatch any ;Ģŋ ŋAperila na <ŋmalama xŋàŋIŋkaili aku. Na ŋ ŋmea kanu ; T"ŋApril, ŋ ŋthe months ofŋ ŋline Nċŋ ŋ!ď¤fishing for aku. ñěďä/panihakahaka ŧ&ŧ ŧ 2G]ŧno ke kahuna." ;¡ŧŧaku, the ŧpriest ŧ3ŧDw -ŧ ŧ4pŃŧwould be killed, or perhaps ŋe 1 ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ"ŋĐulu ana, ipu haole, ipu ala, kulina,+"ŋ 7ŋŋuala, a h6ŋý tŋ ŋThe things planted 3 ŋOŋÀ(for the King) ,ŋ ŋare water> ŧĢŧthe jaw * ŧŧbone of &ŧ ŧone of ŧ $ŧFţŧthe priestly atten +ŋLcŋ;ŋŋĒ ŋħŋpela aku. A e kukulu ia ŋ ŋŋana ka ia Pjŋ ŋ ŋhale no ua ' \ŋ&ĨŋĤ"ŋņ(ŋDmelons, cantaloupes, corn, sweet potatoes, ŧdants 7ŧ3ŧ ŧR0 ŧŧ ŧmight be made into a hook ŧŅŧand set ½ŋ%Lŋ¡ŋImi Haku la. ŋFŋ%ŋand such. He 3-č ,ŋŋ& ŋ/ļðŋ(Maka'ena) is also building a ŧ ŧ: ó¢ŧŧ(ŧBŧ6ŧon the altar, in place of the 1 ŧpriest." ŋhouse ŋfor ŋA ¥the King. ÌŧPau îŧŧ&ŧ/ŧŧ ŧ "ŧkana hai ana mai i ka moolelo, Öŧ_ ŧae g4ŧWhen heŧKN=ŧ5&(Maka'ena) finished ŧtelling<ĺĽŧđŧhis IŋµŋÄ.FŋNa Akua Lawaia. hŋThe ·':' 8ŋ¹ bŋFishermen's Gods. ŧla ! zŧmakou ŧŧ įŧŧma ia pall a ? ŧŧ ŧloea ae la t 0ŧiluna ŧo Ş£ŧstory, ŧwe < ŧascended lŧ%n"ŧthe cliff, ŧø ŧand reached ĺĝ]ŋ%ĖDŋŋ ŋKunihi, Hilinai, penei kona wahi.Sŋ5¢ŋmoolelo. ¿ľŋ ŋ% A"ŋ5Kunihl and Hilina'i, theirA ŋW)ŋstory ŋ¦ŋis thus. !If 'Ğ? "ŧŧ4ŧŧKaihalulu, he heiau ia ŧ #,ŧŧoia kahi e ŧŧŧkaa ia ai 6ŧthe ŧŧtop of '+êŒI¤ŧŧŧKaihalulu, it is ŧŧthe heiau <{ÿŧwhere ¾ŋŋIna he lawaia !ŋ Cŋ "ŋñŋnui au, he lawaiaŅ#ŋ Ó ŋkamaaina )ŋyou ŋŋ0 ŋare the main N(ă9ŋŋ 2ŋø Ŋfisherman, a native fisher ;ŧŧ ŧ %ŧŧŧCŧkanaka i ka lele me he ahai !ãŧmala LŧE#C%\ŧla, alaila, !ŧmen wereQŧE ŧŧ ŧplaced on the ŧĸŧŧ3ŕŧaltar like a bunch ŋŋŋnae, a he #ŋáŋlawaia mallhlni 6_ŋŋŋ01ŋkekahi, a hoi mua 0ŋ ŋXó:ŋ*ŋ&ŋŋqģŋman, and there is also a fisherman ŋŋŋwho is a ?=7ŧalakai ŧloa =ŧaku è^ŧae malalo. ĉŧFŧŧfirst into the 9ŧwater. dŧIt ŧis Tpŧperhaps ¹aŧ80 ŧfeet ŋis why)ŋŋŋhe is <+ ŋ%*zA$Zŋ3ŋ ŋ ,Gŋcalled Hilina'i (to lean upon). "ŧŧ high, from the ŧŧŧŧŧ²ŧwater's surface to the top. fĩŧLooking ś»ŧdown, ŧit !ńŧseems ŧthat ŧone would ŧ Ō$ŧ* ŧtruly break +,ŧhis ³ŧneck. 21 22 ÆĦĸ ĸĸKuhikihi mai la =ĸĸkela i ìĸĸ ĸ.ĸo*ĸkahi e pu ai iluna Àĸ&ĸ ĸHe then showed *ĸ ĸus the Āĸplace ĸĸwhere one workBĿĿof ĿD those ancestorsĿĿ#Ŀof ours Ŀ Ŀwho have o 1 +ĸĸKaneapua, ke ĸãĸĸĸ ĸ ĸono la o na akua lawala, ke 5 Ýĸ ĸ ĸclimbs to the ĸĸtop of 1Ù8 0ĸ Kane'apua, theĸIJ ĸsixth ĿĿpassed on. ].+ĿĿ%Ŀ ĿBeing done by the ĬĿĻĿyoung gener ĸĸĸ ĸku la ka makou ĸ 6ĸSĸahu nui maluna )ĸĸIho o kona ĸ ĸof the æ (ĸfishermen's gods. ĸ _ĸFrom 2#ĸwhere ĸwe ! Ŀation Ŀ İĿwho live KĿhere.3 akua. He puni o lalo i ke kal i ka wa hohonu. stood, we could see the large altar with the M HĸKĸ Īĸĸĸĸĸĸĸĸ ĸ H ĸ ĸ ĸĸ ĸShĸ5 hĸW ĸzĸ 51 51$ ), &* 5An underscore 5 %'. -5U denotes # !"illegible 5/ text.305 Aole hikl o kamaalna ke pu, no ka mea, ua 7ĸíĸĸĸĸ +ĸĸĸ0ĸ* ĸ ĸ god atop it. ĸ a ĸĸIt is ĉ !ĸcompletely ĸsurrounded 52 Nupepa Kuokoa 2+45 5 January 16, 1869,5(55p. 4. Cĸĸ-ħJĸĸĸhanee ke alanul; i keia *ĸ *ĸmau kupueu onioni "!ĸ ĸĸ ĸby the sea at ĸ{high tide. ĸLĸ&ĸ ĸĸThe natives can no 53 +$,5Trans. 5#45K. Maly. 9ĸĸĸ§ĸwale ia ae no. ¿ÏĸĸĸHoi mai auau Qĸĸĸkai a hoi ĸmai e ĸlonger ĸ +ĸOĸgo up, for DĸĞĸthe trail ĸhas ć ·ĸĸcollapsed; so ĸĸĸ¢gĸhoopau i ka hea-kai ĸĸ.6:o ka ili. ĸĸ 4 ĸit is that ĸ ĸwe, these Xĸrascals, ÷ ĸjust ĸ ĸwent around Accounts of Kamehameha 1 at Kaunolu, 1873 °ĸ;ĸzĸ ĸıĸit. We then went swimming ĸand {casting. ĸ ±ĸ$ĸĸ0 Paao ka pĸĸ ĸ4ĸgĸĸĸinoa oia luawai kakahe mai la o $8ĸĸ ĸĸĸPa'ao is the name of 3ĸ ĸ #¬ĸthe waterhole there. ¸ #ĿOđfĿ^ %}ĿĸĿ ËĿWalter Murray Gibson, who accompanied 1ĿĿand hosted Ŀ¶ĿKamehameha V ĵl ĿĿ Ŀv Ŀwhile on his visit ,%ZĸMr. $<ĸPali ØĢĸĸmamua, a Ę4ĸęĸĸþĸĸĸiho iho i lalo o ka e'´ĸluawai; Ê[ĸ$T/ĸMr. Pali ĸwas ĸthe è ĸ ĸĸfirst to go ĸinto ĸthe %ĵwater- Ŀ`d Y Ŀ&DĿto Lana'i in [7\7)ĿĈÔĿ1868, penned Õ several Ŀ ĿĿNd{ IĿaccounts of Lana'i, ī:1Ŀ ĿĿdocumenting facts of 4ĕĿ Ŀhistory as ĸĸ/ĸĸĸ >ĸe kahea mai ana na wahi kamaaina ĸĸĸia me 9Jĸhole; Dĸ|Ĭĸthe native 4 ĸĸ then called outĸ sĸī% Gĸin surprise, ĉ=ĿĿùĿ,=ĿĿconveyed to him by the ;ĿM&~Ŀlate King, #ĿÏ other chiefsĿ Ŀand ğĿnative 1 ĿĿresidents of Ŀthe oĿisland. @ĿOn ĸ9ĸ *6įĸka leo puiwa ³ĸpenei: ^ÿĸ"E! ėĸ)ĸĸĸmai iho oe i ĸĸlalo me ½ ĸĸ.sĸW ĸ"Don't go in with ! #ĸ ġĸ 2#:ĸyour salty water." _ĸFor nĸthis O jĿ [)ĿMarch 21, 7¢¡$ĿĿĿ6ĿĿ1873, as a part of ! AĿthe s: /ĿĿPĨĿtradition of Puhi ĿL|o)Ŀo Ka'ala, ! Ŀthe #Ŀnewspaper, yaĿ8"Nu Hou,"()zĿ ĸ¨ĸkoukai." ^ĸĸĸEia ka he ~ ?ĸ ĸpunawai eepa keia. ĸËĸNa ĸRĸis indeed ĸa ! %ĸmysterious ēspring. ĸ L ĸb]ĸThen Mr. "; Ŀ,Ŀpublished by ^ú,Ŀ/ ĿGibson, included Ð Ŀdescriptions ĿM Fĥ2Ŀof Kaunolu, Ŀand Ŀevents g1Ŀaround Ŀ:æĿĿthe life of ĸĸb©ĸ,M ĸĸua o Mr, Makaena i ho auau ĸĸĸ$£ Xĸmua ia Pali-opio, ,2ĸ k ĸMaka'ena went ĸ" ĸto bathe, yĸ$Ąĸthen Pali Ä~ %]ĸJunior. C-Ŀ¬$ĿKamehameha I, l Ŀwhile ĿĿresiding on `½ YĿLana'i. _"ĿGibson wwrote: £Ŀ ĸĸ$¤ ĸa na Pali-opio ĸĸhoi i ĸ'ĸĸho auau mai ia t Zĸmakou. ºĸ lĸ$rĸÅAnd after Pali Junior, Ď0ĸ ĸ k ĸ ĸjxĸaĸwe went to bathe. If `ĸĸĸĸĸIna no na maloo ka ĸ'ĸĸĸo6ĸĸðtĸmea kai o ka ili, a iho ĸĸthe one ĸwho ĸgoes ĸĸàĸinside has dry 5 ĸ Ķsalt wa ¹Ŀ ą ĿHĿWe commence the publication%'& ĠĿĿof Ŀ8¾ Ŀa Hawaiian D$ĿĿlegend, or ĖĿstory, which4 Ŀ Ŀwas ĸĸĸĸae i lalo e Îĸ 0ĸĸ ĸÃĸĸai, he awaawa loa ka ĸĸwai e ĸĸ>U+ĸter on him, ĸĸ ĸand he pours ĸthe #ĸwater ĸupon hG'=Ŀpartly written !ĿĿin 7\7)Ŀ1868, (*+ĿĿv ĿâĿduring a visit of « ĿHis OþĿMajesty eCĿ·ĿĿKamehameha V on °5)ĿLanai, 'ĸĸĸĸlike me ke kai Ć[ĸ¹ĸĸmaoli. Aia ka .Ĩĸĸ-ĸhuihui a hana himself,P BEĸ ĸWĸ"ĸ" w ĸit will be bitter, ø ĸą=ĸjust like #ĸ A ĸpure salt Ŀand Ŀ5 ĿVĿZĿļĿZĿb at his request ... This Ŀ story Ŀ Ŀ"ĿĿis based upon 4ĿCuĿĿ ĿcĿ2Ŀthis amount of fact. The land, *ĸĸĸĸhou ia e ka ĸpoe .ĸĸakamai e ĸkalokalo Vĸĸĸaku ai i %water. ĸ ¼ ĸBut /Oĸ ĸ ĸif the people #ĸ# Fĸare smart, &3!ĸthey HĿ ĿĿthe heiau or 0>ĿĿtemple, and GĿthe *UĿspouting ĿÀ0Ŀá Ŀ Ŀ 6.cave all exist as described%ĿĿĿ?Ŀ... The cĿ Ŀevents ĸ*@ ĸSóĸna aumakua, alaila ĸĸono ke /}ĸIĸinu ae. åĸ ĸ5āĸoffer the kalokalo N%ĸ ĸyprayer to theĸd Ô0ĸ'aumakua, Ŀ*W ĿĿIJ* connected with the visitĿ+ÒĿand residence*+ ĿĿMÃÖRÝĿW Ŀof Kamehameha the ªGreat,ĘºĿ×ĿpĿare not ćĿonly ĸ ĸ Nĸĸand the water is ĸ sweet toĸď®ĸdrink. 6çĿmĿ rife in theĿs G5 ĿĿtraditions of Ŀ Ŀthe islanders, "ĿĶ 23 24 tüwall, ?;üÜüwhich quite ^\' ü(üencircles the GVüKuaha. üOther walls üand üíïü üstructures lead úüdown ; ŝŝsnake of ŝŝthese seas, ŝthe ~0ŝŝterror of ëŝfish ŝand ŝ ŝ ŝQŝmen, and hence his #ŝ oŝŝdread name of ü 3 Rü !üüiüü"à üthe bank, and the slope is terraced !&üand ü&ûü"üüê|ßü" ü/üpaved down to the tide-worn stones of iō ]ŝPuhikapa, Zŝthe ½ Ō>ŝŝDevourer of ( ŝthe j ŝSeas. 20üthe `A}q ü8üever-sounding shore. Ì ŝWhen D ŝ >$ŝĎ,ŝV ŝŝthis warrior king came to "ŝŝ8Kaunolu, the islanders<ŝv,Oŝŝthronged to ŝthe 7ŝshore ŝto ŝpay ) ŝŝŝhomage to the uŝgreat ù Aŝchief, ŝŝand to layHŝ ŝat ŝthe ŝŝfeet of Ľ %ŝ %5 )their sovereigaŝ ŝas was ŝ :%ŝ @ŝtheir wont, N ŝŝand as ŝ#ŝthey do ŝat D8ŝthis ŝŝŝday on the œEŝŝQŝ H=Ń$ŝvisit of his illustrious "%Kane'apua ö/ŝgrandson l"p+(Kamehameha |+ŝËÍŝV), the ŝ #ŝŝproducts of ŝ the isle;Đ´ŝ +ŝn^ŝ ŝthe taro, the Ô&ŝyam, ŝthe -ŝ 7ŝ3qŝpala, the cocoanut, đ_ŝ2 ŝohelo, banana ŝand ŝ ĵŝ1ŝ $ ŝ ŝsweet potato. They piled up ŝŝâŝa mound of üü%ü üeüAt the beach there is ü Yüa break; ü üa great ü üblock of o ü $aüthe bluff ühas % übeen = "ürent Oü%Oüaway by çĦOŝ óŝfood before YCŝthe ŝ÷ŝdoor the ď!ŝ ÏĖ_ŝking's pakui, Ĝ,ŝ ŝŝalong with a 3=.clamorousŝ ńŝŝmultitude of Bŝfat üsome 2ü 7üearth shake, ! ü üand stands ü 6 üü, üout like a lone B.ütower, öü¸üdivided from üthe main ü Ē4ŝ6&ŝ'4ŝŝ ĢIŝ!ŝpoi-fed dogs, and of fathom long $Wcŝswine. :)üüH, ü üby a gulf of +üüthe sea. [üüIts high ü jü ü¹üBüred walls beetle from their uütops, üüupon to ?¨üwhich MF#ŝ(8ŝBesides this (ąŝŝľŝ.'&ŝ ŝtribute of the men, the workers {ŝŝof the ŝ land, ŝŝ ŝð ŝthe women filled 4Büneither üman üüük¥8ünor goat can climb. ZðüBut )üyou !ü: ücan behold üon üthe cüü üflat summit of ŝthe ŝŕŝŝair with the ŝsweet ŝŝY 0ŝodors of their ñ<ŝéáXy! ŝfloral offerings. 1ŝThe maidens.9ŝ ŝň ŝwere twined 2+6üthis ü%,±ü ü üislet bluff portions of L üancient #ü ü, ü ü .ü ü ü&work, of altars and walls, and no doubt%üüa ŝfrom headŝŝ N ŝto waist ŔEŝwith H RŝŝŘŝŝ(ŝĝŝlleis or wreathes of the nauu fna'u],ÎĘŝwhich :ŝ:ŝis ÄEŝLanai's ü üpart of üg ü4KM vü1üthe mainland temple, to ?@üÂü ¿ which this fragment ü üonce üh was joined.Eü ZüBut Ŗŝ řŝz Jŝown lovely jasmine—a rŝ)Bġŝrare gardenia, üħŝ ŝwhose sweet %Ěŝē ŝaroma ladens ( ŝthe %Ŝŝbreeze, Küü÷üüman can visit this ü slone tower'süü ütop no wümore, üand ü üLühis feet can üÖ¦ünever climb üits and leads you to û ŝ2ŝthe bush ßČĞ6ŝĀ[seeking itŝrŝafar êdŝoff. kCŝ,>Ĕ ŝThese garlands were s0sŝæZ ŝŝfastened to <?overhanging!ü3 Wüwalls. Õŝ- Oŝŝŝ ŝ T #ŝ ćŝthe planted pili 7ŝŝĺthatch of the +ŝč6ŝking's еŝpakui; ŝ ŝthey were ŝ ŝplaced on ŝthe Ü;ijŝnecks ŝof theŝ!ŝyoung warriors, B9^ŝwho ŝĶŝ? ŝŝ¼Qã¶ŝ stood around the Chief; andŝ ŝ ŝŝaround his royal ŝbrows % "Village about %#$% %Kaunolu Described +ŝŇ /ŝ}ŝ?ŝÝ0ŗŝthey twined an odorous crown ģŝof maile,6. = ¡ºŝ [ üInland º×üfrom üthe M ü15üü!Oü4Ùü ütemple there are many remains of üthe Düü"ü ühales, or huts of üthe jĪt/ļėŚ&ŝSubsequently, ¿9'ŝ $$ŝV ŝŝĻŝGibson revisited some of the history ŝŝof " þ`ŝKaunolu, andWŝ#ŝŝäadded a few ŝā[8Òŝadditional 'ü üpeople of üFüü the past. The stoneü³ó p ü üfoundations of 4Êü§ËUütheir cabins, ü -üthe enclosures üfor ~ $ ³ŝobservations: gxü üswine, the - üround ü#ü ü( üëüearth ovens, and other traces üüÈ üof a throng ü 7ü\of people, cover ü PüA<ü ü ü üÆ~Xü9ümany acres of beach and hill-side. This üüÓ' $0 #üüwas a kulanakauhale, or town, 7ü¯ üfamed Lanai. üLü &ü ü&üüü=»ü´üæüüdüµAü0Îükü as an abode of gods and a refuge for those who fled for their lives; butüü üit drew "ü 'ü,Pü0$¾üC+üits people mainly through the lü üfame of Jüits ²Çü>$ yüÃ;ü£ü@Cüfishing ground, which swarmed with »ŝì\PAbout fiveŝ ŝmiles ,ŝalong ŝŝ >#ŝŝthe coast westward of Å'à- ŝ ŝ ŝ(ŝ ŝ* ŝManele we come to the Heiau 3 Sükala, ñ#ü Ûzüohua, bonito, üüand the varied ü'6 ü ülife of _ü*øe6 üthe Hawaiian Eüseas. ŝ*T=aŝof Halulu, ķtoŝKŝthe R ŝŝNŝ site of a residence Úŝŝof "oŝKamehameha ŝÀŝŝŝŝ ŝthe Great, and of a once ?-?ŝpopulous í /!ŝ Ć!]ŝ$ŝŝfishing village, in a ravinem Rŝŝ 9ŝ2ņÞ5ğŝ ŝthat lies between the < ŝŝlands of "ŋ/ŝqŝKaunolu and " ŝ"ĩ¢ŝKealia Kapu. ÊýŝThis ĕlatterĹ5Xŝ<ŝ ŝŝ <ŝŝô!ŝland was a place of refuge c£¤ŝ... 1 ŝThe walls ęŝŝof theDŝÁ aŝHeiau, %% %%!%"$%Residence of Kamehameha I at Kaunolu ŝthe UBXŝò¥ŝaltar floor, ŝor SʼnAŝkuahu, '4ŝ ŝand other ŝŝŝİ ŝK?K%ŝ ŝportions of the rude structure are Gŝŝin a !ŝgood ŝŝstate of īıĿeŝ1ŝ*x&ŝpreservation. The Heiau, Zŝthe [ŝĉŝstone lines ŝŝŝ"ItVŝof the old Kamehameha 9Toüèü üthis famed b üfishing Nô üüground came ü>üüthe great hero ü*üü¤üof Hawaii to tax ü #üthe deep, Û`ŝresidence, ŝŝand of .5Ĥŝ3xJŝnumerous ancient - Ĉŝhalepilis cover ŝŝa ŝŝŝspace of a 3 ŝŝ3ŝcouple of acres Úüüwhen he ühad $ $ üü3! üsubdued this and 1üoüthe other 8ü*üisles. He ;üüIücame with his cü/ü¡üfleets of war }ŝon bothŝĂsides Ĵŝŝŝm of the ravine.Gdŝ¾ ŝŏŝŝFish abound at thisú ŝ GAŝpoint, ŝand ŝ ŝŝè\ĥFŝit was a favorite ücanoes; r(ü+ü°Jç üwith his faithful üükoas or bp!üfighting TüüÄümen, with his f UüüfTüchiefs, and priests, !üand î )ŝ ŝfishing resort ŝ ŝgof the First ŝ"|+ w·ŝKamehameha; ŝ ŝand we had#ŝ(ŝthe ŝŝhonor to 0 ŝentertain 7ü üwomen, and "0=ütheir ìJ Eü*ütrains. He üühad a ühale Vühere. ü(üUpon the ©Àü $aücraggy bluff ä"ü¶lüthat forms ŝŝhere at ŝłŝŝgone time the FifthEvŝŝŝ"Cof the Kamehamehas, @ŝwho ŝp ŝcame here ŝŝuŁŝto gratify ü "®ü%üthe eastern bank üüof the :)übay 15üüüthere is a ,)ü#ülonely pa, üor '#üwall, üand üstones üüof an ÿŝ ŀ\ ŝ ŝŝhis native taste of ŝsport JŝwCŝ¦ŝ*ŝ ŝ ŝŝin the sea. He also spent a ŝfew bdays,ŝ ŝin ŝÓŝ&ŝa small bay, ^4 nü ancient halepakui,SüNü #ü Ò ü(üMÔDüor fort, overlooking the temple, "ù ütown üand :)übay. 9 üThe Ñükanaka */ ŝŝ ŝHonopu, a few I -ŝmiles ŝŝwest of h'HAŝ 5PKaunolu, whereŝŝÖPŝï ŝ×;ŝ %=ŝthere are five remarkable natural ü0@ü&)ü müof this day speaks /üüü $ &üof it with subdued @.üüüüvoice, and he steps ½Qü- ü1ücarefully around this Ŋěcolumns;¸ŝ ŝ ĨØWY śŝone apparently ŝover fLŝåŝD:6b100 feet high,ŝ ŝand ŝ¯fŝabout 20 ŝ4 . 0ŝĸŝfeet diameter at ŝthe >q ü3üü üground as he points $üüout to )ü üüyou the Lanai ü ü(ü] Ý=ü üåüühome of the conqueror of the eight Ùbase,ŝŝand ŝthe others ŝŒ,ŝvarying fromIŝ²Lŝŝ±Lŝŝ9 ŝ80 to 60 feet in $!«ŝkŝ ŝŝheight. There is a largeõŝ;ŝrock lands ü üand #üGK ü ü2Füseas, Kamehameha the Great. 'ŝ ŝĬă'Ċŝon the brink ŝof ŝ@ŝthe sea, zŝŐjust roundŝ ŝ ŝŝthe point on 7ŝthe Įŝ:ŝŝFŝwestern side of this ¹ŝbay, 9 üü ü/üØüüüThe stout Son of Umi came to ü·üüKealia for sport ü!ü üÅ8üürather than for worship. Who where ŝŝthe h 6ŝKing Ŏŝwould ŝ #ŝsit and )Uangle,ŝn ŝK8IJŝøŝand this has 2 Jŝ ŝbeen named ÇS ŝŝPohakualii or ü üüso loved to éüüthrow the ümaika % ' {üüball, or -Õü_ühurl the ¢Düüspear, or áüthrust üaside 5üthe Qümany È ŝÉ{§ŝRoyal Rock, ŝand ŝ ŝwe have ŝÂnamed Honopu, &ŝÃKing's)ŝM¨Bay.ŝ hiÍãüjavelins dõüü5üflung at his ü;.üünaked chest, as C5üI ü üG üthe chief of Kohala? *üHe ü « Qü ürode gladly on MŝŝBut to Ņŝŝŝ* ©ŝreturn to our Heiau. Æŝ ŝ įŝ #@ŝ On its western side, isŝŝ %Ñŝ! ŝa natural gap ;ŝŝlike a !ŝgate üªü üthe crests of üâ-B üthe surf Fü*ü ` üüAÉ üclutch in ü+ üthe ¼ü>ü üfearful grip of +6üühis hands 2üthe ,)üò.ü2üdeadly puhi, the HNügreat Ï ü üüjawed eel or "Walter Murray Gibson in Nu Hou, March 21, 1873, p. 3. ü25 26 ½ ŀ ,t$ŀGreat Kamehameha ĭ ŀĥŀwould sometimes ŀmake , ŀmen, ŀŀwhom he ŀŀĴFŀwished to punish, ŻĔŻlead him ½Żon. ñĺ ŻMakalei VŻcalled ŻŻagain to Q Ż š¶0KŻhis ancestress— uO Õ-Ż ŻHina in Ż Ż1Żthe season of ÿŀjump ðŀfrom ŀ ŀŀthis gap into #ŀ ŀthe sea ŀand ŀŀ*ŀsome would be ĵŀ ŀĂR¥ŀhurt or killed. fŀ!$ ŀBut there kP&ŻA Ż ŻKa'elo, secure and 6 Ż SōŻbind this 3Ż"ŻA^Żfish of ours!" ęŀ ŀ/Ynŀŀŀis a native now on : ŀÛŀilz1ŀLanai named Lono, ŀwho >ĉŀwill 5 Rŀŀreadily make uŀthis @ŀ ŀ"´Hŀleap of 150 H8 ŻŻDuring that -ő$Ż om7 ŻŻ , Żnight, Makalei and this ŌŚŇ ŻąŻ"ŻÐŲ 6Żsupernatural fish of 'Awini S encircled ŻÚõ ŻLana'i ŀCŀfeet into $ŀ0 ŀ ŀthe tide fretted q¯gulf.7 Żtwo Z¾Żtimes. I Ż#Ż; Ż@ŻIn the early light >Ż$ŻŻ+Ż Żof day, the fish beganŻ ŻLŻ xî 5Ż , to tire, and Makalei thens Ż A& Żpulled Ż3Żthe fish ŻŻclose to#Ż the ÷ ¿Ż)Żcanoe. The Żsize "Ż Żof this +Żfish ŻŢŻ qPĻ9q eŻwas truly unbelievable. 99;1;')&;Pu'u o Miki IŻŻIt was }WŒŻ\ Żalmost seven Ż¤2anana (fathoms) bŻ ÀŻlong. kŀŀÅŀPu'u o Miki Oŀis W)Ąŀtranslated ŀas ¾ŀŀü ŀ"Hill of Miki," ýŀMiki Đŀmeaning /ŀ"the ŀb ŀadept one." J One of the people told Makalei, "Let us go to that canoe which is resting on the ¼ŀ4a2 2E Hina-i-ka-malama-o-Ka'elo, ,£¤Á( ŀ °ŀhŀTŀ!$ŀ ŀ ŀ (0 Hina in the season of Ka'elo, 1ŀ K Ż2ŻYŻ Ż Ż o< µŻ0ÞŻŻŻŕŻŻ ŻėŻ Ż ZŻ ŻŻ shore, it belongs to my elder brother, Ke'omuku who is the head fisherman of k ŀ]ŀŀŀŀ] ŀ ŀPa'a 'ia a pa' a ka i'a a X [ŀkaua! ; ŀSecure ŀ+%T ŀĠŀand bind this ŀ ŀĬ{[ŀfish of ours! $Ż Ż ŻŻŻ Ż Y $Ż¡ŅB|ŻŻ ŻOŻŻ3Ő. Ż"Ż Żthis ŻŻplace at B ņĜÉKaunolu."_Ż)ŻThey Ż ŻŴŻŻ{Ż Żthen went down to speak with Ke'omuku,¢ĽŪŻĭ Żasking By now, the sun was setting, and Makalei was traveling outside of the point of fŀ1ŀĞŀijŀŀ0rŀŀÓÏŀ ŀ~6&%ŀ ŀŀ!$ŀU% Ěŀ ŀ ŻŻthat he u-]üŻgive =them ŻŻ£ŻĘŻ8Ż¨AŻ an *ohe hi aku (aku linew ŻľD$Żboom), Ė ŻŻĢwhich he did.FŻ=ŻKe'omuku Żthen Keka'a at Ka'anapali, and he continued to hold back the fish. Darkness covered ŀCŀ ^ UÙ`ŀ ŀŀ } ŀŀ?ŀ+ ŀ|ŀ dŀ»Măŀ 6éŀ Ż0äŻ ŻŬŻasked, "Who is your Ĉŋ Ï`Żfisherman?" g ŻŻAnd the VŻ ŻĞŻ Żpeople told him it Żwas Żthe Żyoung 6Ęŀ - ŀÔÐŀ Įŀeverything and Makalei rnnld ŀQèŀŀŀQâŀno longer see the land, ŀyet ŀp<ŀ 0Xŀŀthe fish continued to .ÊŻstranger. a|ŻKe'omuku QŻthen Żasked, "DoHËŻŻìŭrŻyou have ŻĹ Ża lure űŻęŻŖŻ3Gwith which to fish?" ÒAndŻ 7Walter ! Murray ! ! !Gibson in Nu Hou, !!September 12, !!!1873, p. 3. Żthey MŻresponded thatŗŻŻthe Żyouth Żdid 6Ż9ŻŻindeed have a 8 ŻLŻlure, and ,ŻŻthat was ŻŘwhy theyŸŻ 27 28 Ĥwere õĤasking Ĥfor Ĥ,#Ĥ)A{#ĔĤthe boom. Ke'omuku Ĥthen told !Ĥ#Ĥthem, jĤ Ĥ"So you <7ĤL Ĥhave gotten ĖĤyour jď œĴœÑœęœsáœĮ fishing, the aku also stopped rising œįœto œthe %œsurface Cœ !âœ!œand remained in œthe œdepths [ĤÞa 6Ĥaku fisherman ÜĤafter ÷Ĥall." without M+œ G7 œ rising again. £œ 9J ĤThey $ &Ĥthen ×Ĥ Ĥ2Ĥ ĤbĤ$Ĥ Ĥq ĤĤpaddled towards the place where the canoes were at rest Ĥ.6Ĥupon Ĥthe @œœ.œWhen they landed 5 "œ1œœ&their canoe upon thebœā $œ-o^4 œshore, Makalei œœĵtook up theœøœ œfirst caught "Ĥwater. ZGĤ zĤMakalei then Ĥ^ Ĥset his . Ĥlure 8Ĥ%ĤĤuzĤdown, and he then Ĥ^Ĥ lă 8Ĥasked his companions, _œkĦœ?É œaku from Pali œœat the œ œœbow of the canoe,°œœand œthen œ6œtold his Uœkaohi, P²ntœ"Divide œ*ãœall the DĤ Ĥ"What are Ĥ TĤyour names, $uĤCĤ Ĥ ÎĤĤthat I may call to Ĥ`Ĥ!ØĤyou to paddle Ĥ Ĥ ĤĊĤĤĤ#Ĥas is my rule at the time gœfish œas œyou 'ĭSœdesire, 'ʼn œgiving œsome œœto those œ œpeople who œÚ œhad carried œ¤œthe canoes, ĤK^&iĤCĤof fishing. If vĤthe ÐĤĤcanoe does Ĥ7Ĥ" ĤCĤnot move when I %call OĤĤĤout to MĤð Ĥ3the kaohi (paddlersp~Ĥ and œœto œĕœthe people Ăœ œ œwho dwell in œœ œóWœ= œ& cœthe houses without fish. If there œare Őœany gœfish "Ĥ1Č Ĥ §Ĥwho position and/or ĤĤ Ĥ1Ĥ} Ĥhold a canoe in place "= Ĥ-ĤßM /ĤĤĆwhile aku fishing) to paddle,0Ĥ Ĥthe fœ #äœlœMœåœleft, give them to the œÕœdogs and F $œœœpigs, and do İœ œnot worry œabout ¥œ, œme. This œôœone fish ĤğĤlure will 6ĤIĤnot be !bġĤìĤ2JĤ" Ĥdrawn through the water. ¬ĤIndeed,Ĥà the fishermenĉĤ lives?ė Ĥ3< Ĥ(has isœpœĶœ=œall that I 09œneed." luck) by the moving of die canoe." They then told Makalei their names; Pali OÕ/ĤÓ ĤĤ7? LĤĤ$]Ĥ + Ĥ9 ĤM&Ĥ Ĥ4» Ĥ Ĥ ¨Ĥ*ÍĤ \ œķHœ œNow this was ğN7 œ œsomething new œœto those œœpeople at 6œ Vœthis place, MœÏ- qœthat Makalei œshould was the man at the front (ihu) of the canoe, Malama was the man at the mast %Ĥ Ĥ#ĤĤcĤç Ĥ1ê./ĤĤ=Ĥ 0Ĥ ĤĤQ Ĥ;ĤĤ=Ĥ Ĥ !#œ& Kœgive them .œall œhœthe fish, /œand œĥœœú œkeep only one for + himself. ꦜÜ œThe people Ŋ3"œ 3Ğuœwere greatly brace (ku kia), Palawai was the man at the bailing seat (ka i na liu), and the I Ĥ3N.Ĥô/0Ĥ*Ê:"ĤRĤĤ;ĤĤĤIòĤĤ3´Ĥ Ĥ xĤï./Ĥ Ĥ@ Ĥ ň"FÞœsurprised œfor *æ 4œ there were"œœ œh)Kœœĸœ.œ œno other fishermen at this place who hadœ# œever #3œgiven #6ĤĤ@ Ĥman at the ĄĤ Ĥinner outrigger boom,Ĥ3ĤS /Ĥ Ĥ(kua 'iako) was (¡ĤHopu. œD0œso much. ,ĆœThe Ėœpeople $œw,thought, "This œ œıœperson is noœiăb"1œ œ7fisherman, but insteadœĄœČœhe is ² Ĥ:G ĤxWhen Makalei maĤ ĤĤ Ĥreached the canoe åeĤ\ĤĤfleet, all of Ĥthe K Ĥfishermen "Ĥwere "à Ĥwaiting œQIœ 8 œan 'aumakua for §xus."8® for the aku to begin moving. To that time the aku had not yet appeared, ĤP ĤoĤĤ,Ĥę¢Ĥ 9ĤPĤQ1ĤĤ-.ĤĤ Ĥ 5ĤF TĤ Á+œeœ œThe fame of -Makalei'sJ œœ œ)deeds went around œ œnJœthe island œr'[ŃŁ Tœof Lana'i-a-Kaulula'au, and the sun was already drawing to mid- day. Makalei then called to Pali, Ĥ$vĤ .ĂĤRĤ ~Ù Ĥ ě? ĤĤā hĤ 4¼5 ĤQĤ % ĤĤ* ?Ĥ kœfrom œēthe 4oldna œ Cœa t!œ%œ(land divisions) of >Œ(œ[Çņ ŀ:œKa'a, Kaunolu, œand >ħÍœœKa'ohai on œ! œdœthe island of Malama, Palawai, and Hopu, "Paddle for the Makalei, fisherman of the long +FTĤ*¹ :ReĤ;Ĥ(8Ĥ*pĤ`ĤëĤnm UĤá5 ĤĤĤ Ĥ r× Xœ<`œ%œLana'i. Because of *œthese 2œëœdeeds of œ œœour alert one ÅB^ėÆ$œœÛĹüĝœ œ F"pœ[Makalei), a beautiful young girl day." Makalei then called to his ancestress £Ĥn½ Ĥ Ĥ !ĤĤ_Ĥ œof ¼(È œ œLana'i went œIAto MakaleiJ œwith *œher œmother œœto œask œthat œ œœhe become the young œ ÿ Ěœ5 Yœgirl's husband. ,œThe ġÓœ œHœname of this œ œgirl was ł Ę q$œMauna-lei, œ)œ œ œand her mother was ½Q ¡ą œLanal-hale, ßœand ]( ( !;œPalawai, who œ œwas œìœone of BA4 œMakalei's aĜ)œpaddlers œwas œthe %"œdœfather of ªĤ(ÿBíBBĀ FB)4AE Hina-i-ka-malama-o-Ka'eloĤ ( Ĥ(&ĤĤHail Hina of Ĥ ĤĤ)yS Ĥthe season of Ka'elo ĉœthis œíœbeauty of œ/œîthe land ofœtheIJœ œÀgod Pahulu;O±œœthe œû œone for whom œGœčœ œy³!œœit is said "Eia kau )'S'ĤöĤ"Á ĤĤĤKu'u kupuna wahine o ka la:ĤĤ Ĥo lalo ĤH ĤĤ2Ĥ Ē&Ĥt Ĥ Ĥ,ĤMy ancestress of the sun which is below 3Ĥ(to Ìœœ]Ë œwahi e Pahulu ¢- ´ œµœ œĪĨ Here is your portionĺĢœ?O.vzPahulu!"9¯ $<Ĥthe fĤĤĤka holopapa 9Ĥr ĤThe fish wÔĤ fĤw Ĥwhich twists, which Ĥ Ĥcauses ripples )"! œ œ¸œœ&œ7 /œ œ> 0œÄĻ œ*6œ œœÜœýö2œ I cannot consider marriage." Lana'ihale then said, "If that is so, perhaps the Ĥon Ĥ"E Ĥthe water's 'Ýsurface, 0Ĥ ;Ĥand čµ75 Ĥtravels Ĥat 2Ĥthe ¹œÙœ! œ W|œ¾Ø œćœ'Sœ}» œœ œ:œ"œœ two of you could dwell under a palau (betrothal agreement), until the time for qĤ ¶ĐĤlower stratum ĩœ%œœńœ œŅ œœ œœR ľ&1 œ ç /&;œŇĽœmœļœ œ marriage is right." But Makalei explained that that could not be done, "I would Ĥ[Ĥ ĤĤOĤĤĤKe aku i ka hale o ke dĤko'a 9 ĤThe +NĤ"1 ]Ĥ ĤĤĤVĤ2ĤĤaku which is at the house, the ko'a œ œ G Z9œ<œIA œé Îœ&œœ œœ œVœ~ºœ œ not bind any woman to an agreement, for then if some fine man came along, 0 Kaunolu ) øĤ ĤĤi ke Ĥ Ĥ)Âala i Kahiki Ĥ)ĕof Kaunolu ùĤĤ2Ĥ}ĤĤ®Ĥat the path to Kahild œ Đœ œœģœ Ġ$œ% œœ'%œœ÷œœKœ $œ then she would be unhappy. Therefore, I ask you to forgive me, and do not XĤĤË--Ĥ1 ke halukuluku ĤĤ4i ka map una jďĤĤStriking at Ĥthe 8Ĥspring, Nœœ œ œĤő0œÂ c œ=œœ8œœf8 þ #œTœ/œœœ let these thoughts become unjust." Because of his just words, œthe people œðè œfelt XĤĤ1-ĤĤDYI ka piko o Wakea WĤ$ Ĥ#,û ÌĤAt the umbilical ĤDYNĤof Wakea œlœs œ œ đYœ<œ%œ œĒœ $œ certain that Makalei was indeed a chief. Ka i'a alaka'l Ĥ ĤĤnoho i ke ko'a ±ĤThe lead!ĤâĤ ĤĤfish dwells at $Ĥthe AĤko'a " œœ( œ 1œĎœœD6ñ¨œ CĤ-EĤ% ĤĤI ka hale o ka i'a k> =Ĥ Ĥ=ĤĤĤcĤr ĤWhich is the house of the fishes \ œNow œœone day while E œ*œthe œù*œ œcanoe fleet was œ_œj out 'aku fishing, œMakalei œ 3œŌNœHœwent with his -'œ?-ŋ ;œkaohi Palawai, who Ĉœ œ+œwas the òm œ%œfather of ijœthe œÔ2œL. ©œmaiden named Maunalei. @ œœWhen they kĤź >Ĥ !Ĥ_ĤWhen Makalei ended his &ĤĤchant the +-'Ĥaku began,HĤĤto ĎĤĤÏĤstrike at all !Ĥ+ đ ÖĤsides around #¤Ĥthem. )5œreached œthe œœko'a, the œaku œwere œseen Ŏ œÐ œswimming, Makalei ĿœLœturned and œtossed œout YN¿Ĥ@&Ĥ] !Ĥ ' ĤĤMakalei then held securely to Ĥthe lure' ĤýlineĤH!Ĥ'and pulled !ĤĤćēĘĈĤÇĤĤthe quivering aku to Ĥthe Ċœ œhis lure œī Ĕœ` œand quickly secured œten õXœ@œBÊ4!œfish. When Makalei œ :œma rested, œthey œœ œsaw that it HąiĤ(Ĥ6Ĥcanoe. He then \!ĤĤ*called to Pali,EúgĤ óĤ_#telling himĤĤ Ĥto take upĤĤÈĤ&Ĥthe aku and place Ĥ ĤĤit at Ĥthe œ Lœœ )œhad been a great œR Ĭ2œiœa'u (sword fish) which EÝœà#œdrove &5œÒœœ! œCªœ(o('œthe aku to their canoe. Makalei ,Ĥ`Ĥbow of Ĥthe ¥ĤZG ÚĤ$ Ĥcanoe. Makalei then Ĥ'Ĥtook up Ĥ@Ĥ[ĤĞ$'ĤÑģĤ ©ĤE Ĥthe other aku without any errors; and BMay qss s29, 192B. ĤoĤ"Ĥüthe aku were like-JĤ ÒþUĤèĤsnarling, raging ¦ĤD ĤMĤdogs. When the +ĤĜ Ĥãcanoe was filled, VĤĤ Ĥhe called 9Pahulu$ 29 ¬œ30 O +Ş*Ş Şthen took his ĘŞ)+Şline and ĹŞŞŞtied one of LŞâŞŞčŞ c-Ş Şthe aku to his lure, he A+ŞĎ ŞO Şthen threw the baited ÝŞ À'CƅCompany brought ƅ=ƅƅ\DDƅ^Õ < ƅin some 600 non-Hawaiian Į ƅƅlaborers to operateƅƅƅa sugar %plantationŔŗƅƅalong dŞlure "behind : Ş ŞŞ%ŞŞ Şthe canoe and as it ÷C kŞijŞfell, the FŞa'u *ŞŞĞ¯Ş]LŞEŞ;Ştook the aku. The a'u ran Şalong ƅthe # !-ƅwindward uƅ ƅaàGžÝƅ¿Ö}£ƅsection of Palawai Ahupua'a. ,Ş AŞthe water's surface)ŞĸŃŞ`Ş Şthrusting it's sword B Ş °Şall about. ] Ş The canoeŞąŞfleet ĭŞŞscattered as ÌƅOne "$i ƅ ťì ƅƅsignificant contribution to ƅthe ĵ"ƅğ ƅF:~"ƅdecline in Lana'i's Ķability ƅƅto ƅsupport ƅthe ƅresident ĴŞ $ŞŞ ŞŞ ŞK|ĉŞ Şthose people on the canoes were fearful that they !Ş Ş"Ş Ş"!Ş,ŞP±Şwould be pierced by the a'u. population6 ƅ!ƅwas ƅ=ŝw ƅ ƅthe introduction of ďƁ=ƅ /íN+grazing herbivoresX*ƅgoats, 7ƅSƅsheep, and cattleXż ƅwhich .ƅwere ƅƅraised to ŷƅ kĎƅprovide foreign )fƅvessels # ƅƅƅűZƅb ƅwith a meat source. These çVƅanimals, ƅalong #N5ƅwith tjƅthe .áãğŞ ŞMakalei held ĺ ŞŞ Ş :-Ştight to the line, Şt( ŞŅêand A'ulele traveled C Ş(ŞŞout to _Ş ĚŞthe dark blue-green $cª%Ş Ñ2 Ŷ('ƅScandinavian ƅƅroof rat, ðƅƅproduced a Nƅrapid ƅ)and devastatingŜƅ ļƅ ƅimpact on ƅthe Û Ģkūƅ ƅFå ƅability of Lana'i's 7ŞŞ ŞŞsea, to where the Şislands were Ş& ŞŞseen to 3Şsit Ş Şlow upon Ş QŞxŞÕÛ`ECBŞthe water, and Wal'ale'ale ƅƅŏ!ƅOƅforest to draw moisture ƅ ƅfrom the ĨƂ ĺƅ&ƅwind-borne clouds ƅand ųeQƅ.Aû@ƅA@,ƅdevelop groundwater resources. B!ŞŞ"5Şbarely rose above Şthe đŜ²ŞtŞ ŞŞhorizon. As the sun "JŞŞlŞ.2ě2began to descend, Makalei Şz ŞŞcalled to _ƅøPŘ ƅƅ ƅĤ.ŇřƅIn addition to the introduction ƅ )0ƅ ƅĀƅ ƅ of herbivores, the western demand forUƅƅõƅ ƅstaple crops such _MŞ/ņ«his ancestress— ƅƅas potatoes, áƅalong with ƅ the ƅ2ƅdemand ŋƅfor 'iliahi ƅƅŞƅ Wƅƅ ƅas a trade item, and the zƅhƅĉ!ƅhunger for firewood ƅ ƅƅƅto be used in ƅ# ƅprocessing whale blubber, 1ƅƅƅled to ƅô $ƅ ƅ)ƅşƅ ƅ the clearing of vast tracts of land. ¤ƅ ÆƅJust as the Hawaiians had no immunities or natural protection from introduced diseases, the ÉŞ1a¢*p' E Hina-i-ka-malama-o-Ka'elo,¬pGIA 7Ş 1ġ$Ş1 ŞŞ ŞŞKŞGIh -ŞHail Hina of the season of Ka'elo, ƅt JƅÃŽ4 ƅ ƅƅPz?(Śƅsƅ Ũƅŕ ƅLƅ Šňƅúƅ ƅ SĠ{eƅ%ƅnative plants, èâ*ƅanimals, ƅand ƅecosystems ƅƅwere also &T-ƅunprepared ƅfor theēƅïTƅ ƅimpacts of Ŭ2ƅhuman [ŞPa'a E3ŞŞ Ş*Ş gŞŞ'ia a pa'a ka i'a a *2Şkaua! \ŐŞ@Ş òŞĻŞĵŞ ŞŞōŞSecure and hold tight this fish of ours! l$ƅ ƅ ƅclearing of the ƅ'ƅK< $ƅlandscape and foraging cŅĽRƅanimals v ƅthat browsed #ƅ ƅš>Tƅ+and trampled everything œĖƅ that was visible, thus Jdlling the land. Çg4 Ş};ŞA'ulele then 5Şdove Gi Ştowards—Kaua'i *Şmoku Şlehua iŞ Ş Ş*Ş* Şpane'e lua i ke kai G(F £Ş(Kaua'i, ƅ!ƅ) %*ƅ ƅĪƅ ƅ%',ƅ + ŞŞisland of <öŞthe lehua dŞŞ Şforests which |ŞŞappear to į6BŞtravel ŞŞtowards the ¡³T½Şsea).10 _ ƅ( ƅ ƅIn light of 5ƅ ödįƅthe incredible 6ƅpopulation İlossesƅ ƅÄG ]ƅ#ƅon Lana'i, we .üƅare KA ƅfortunate ƅäCƅthat any ŢHĜƃƅtradi xƅīƅtional knowledge ƅ%ƅ&Ÿ+,ƅof place survived. ½ƅ dƅ ƅ ƅ&A number of historical accounts— ƅƅ ƅthose recorded by y)ƅnative O*ƅresidents, Źė0ƅvisitors, ƅ" ƅ)"ƅand in various $)āƅgovernment Ů documents ƅ" ƅƅƅƀƅshed light on a wide 2.2 Historical Events: Transitions in Land Use and Population on Lana'i ƅ ƅrange of ƅ ƅ ƅaspects of the M/|ƅ ƅhistory of Å ƅLana'i's %¥ƅpeople. 9 ƅ ( ßƅƅThe historical records ƅbelow źƅprovide X Ş,ŞVVRŞ ( ŞIn the 1770s, around ŞDŞŞ ûŞv /Şthe time of western Contact e ,Ş1ë) `)-Şwith Hawaiians, ÍzèPĦ (¤Ş5 ŞKalani'opu'u, sovereign ƅ#đƅĸƅ" ƅus with glimpses into ƅthe ƅ ƅÈ: changes on Lana'i,× ƅ# ƅwith ñ iƅ ƅƅa::ƅspecific references to Palawai ƅand ŞÊ j ŞË )%QŞof Hawai'i Island, ' ŞŞattempted to *Ştake Şthe .4#ŞMaui 4 ŞŞgroup of #N Ş !Şislands by ĆrŞforce. Ð Repelled $Ş'Şfrom `qƅîŪf ƅZƅKama'o between ca. §²«Eƅ ƅ ýƅ1620 and the ƅ¨µEE¦ƅÓearly 1900s. Unfortunately, ă ƅ ƅit ƅ ƅƅ3ƅdoes not appear that .dēkŞMaui, Şthe ģ6Ùó%Şinvading /Şforce ŞŞsettled on Y2F ŞLana'i ŞŞĕŞŞ fŞĜ Şfor a time and reportedly killed 'æfŞŞmany of Şthe ƅ÷ śƅ ƅany descriptions of ƅĘńĝĆthe significantƅhefauuƅ`ĭƅ -ƅ at Kaupakuea near ƅthe ÍãG!( Çƅ ůŒƅPalawai- Kama'o boundary 06AŞnative Şresidents bŞ 3Şand laid LŞthe N@ŞŞland to Şwaste UÆŞ[15; =>Ø´ŞÈ é& IJ$!m23]. Apparently,ŞH{E3ŞLana'i's 5Ş ( ļŞnative population ŭő ),ƅsurvived. œnever ŞŔŞrecovered ćŞĶŞ5 µŞXŞfrom this event. In 8RŞ ŞŞyŞ ĢŞ _ŞOŞ1804, the first major epidemic brought to < Ş Şthe islands ŞKA ;Şon foreign ĨŞships Şswept ķŞ Şthrough the SŞXŞ Şgroup. It is łŞ Ş !Şestimated that by ÃQŞĈŞÏ1805, from Ni'ihau j ŞŞto ÉØŀÙęƅĚŁƅ©Lana'i in 1 ³¬¯ƅ823 ÔWilliamģĞĻƅÂWƅ ƅÁp ƅEllis, an English r 4|ƅmissionary ƅmƅ! who worked with ƅ5ƅ2ıthe early ƅÎ'ƅProtestant 1 ÞF ŞURŞ1Řߪ# Hawai'i 150,000 Hawaiians died.11q¿TŞZŞH2 ŞOn Lana'i Şthe $ ĤŞdecline ôŞ&qŞdidn't end. ZŞOne estimateŞŞof Şthe ľ4/;ƅĥƅmissionaries in vthe ƅ^!ġƅHawaiian IJƅ/4 ƅÊķ ƅislands, described Lana'i, ƅũƅ ƅ;ƅthe nature of its &s*ƅresources, ƅ5ƅand the Ľ6Ş 0ŞŞHç Ş#%޶ŞV9>Ş Ş?7Ş×8ŝSTnative population on Lana'i in ca. 1793 is 6,000 [4].12ÀŞu!Ş=>-ŞBy 1823, .# ŞMission \0ŞStation ÌŒ Journals 6rƅestimated populationŌ&w ƅ;?ƅin the ƅ/o ƅearly ª´D·ƅ1820s: Ş,Şĩ ŏD Şestimate the population ŞY{P ŞŞ"Ş"eŞ=¥¼on Lana'i to be between 2,000Ş b Ş>nŞ and 3,000 people,Ĭ -Ş)Ş"!Şand by LŞthe Ġ!Şearly 9ŞŞ1890s the Ī 4 DŞpopulation Ş( Şwas around =·Ş200. u!ŞW=¦ŞBy 1902, }Ş0ઠľŞõ ŞŞŞthe native population dropped to 80 о7ƅƅƅ %ƅ+ ƅƅRANAI, a compact island, seventeen miles ( ƅ3ƅƅin length and ƅ ƅ nine in breadth8 ]ƅ 3§Ş'Şresidents, most Ş Şof whom Şwere descendants@ŞŞof Î^ ŞLana'i's N Ċ®İŞlong-term 06ŞāÜnative families.#C#rŞZŞ/bŞOne can %þƅ Y#ƅ ƅ93B@!*ƅlies north-west of Tahaurawe, ƅƅ ƅF3and west of Lahaina,=*ƅĦƅ8B ƅin Maui, Lƅfrom ƅ ƅ ƅwhich it is ĥfŞŞ Ş4ïŞŇÚonly guess how much traditionalM0) Şĝ Şknowledge ofŞ -Ş /D/lŞplace, practices, Şňand traditions 0Ş Ş ŞŞwas lost as -ƅ ƅƅI éseparated by a channel,0ƅƅnot ƅmore than ƅņ ƅƅ ƅĿƅ,ƅÒ nine or ten miles across. Though ƅ ƅthe Şthe Ē+ŞĂùBŞ'Ş?opopulation fell from 6,000ŞŞŞ ŞŞto 80 in a $ < Ş'Şlittle more +ŞŞthan a & Ŋ¸Şcentury. ţƅ ƅĒƅ"% ƅ ƅcentre of the island is > ƅ>ƅmuch more +ƅ 'ƅ9ÜB!7ƅ;ƅlƅ ƅƅelevated than Tahaurawe, it is neither so Ö ,ŞWith ,Şýí ĿŞŞŞ Şthe exception of the periods ŞU8ŞŞ?8Ş@Şfrom 1854 to 1864 and9WŞŞ9o 1899 to 1901,Şthere Ş &ŞŞwere no M$ ƅƅ n ƅƅhigh nor broken as ƅ ƅany of ƅ ƅthe other ij ¸ƅƅĐƅislands: a great ƅ ƅ ƅ ƅpart of it is barren, - ƅ ƅand M/ŞĖŞincreases in Ş the population Ŏ ŞŞon Y2h SŞLana'i. ÒŞ ħŞThe two ŞŞ:periods of increaseðŞřŞwere #ŞŞ üŞtied to western ƅ"Sƅ ƅ ŃƅĄ /ƅ> ƅČƅ ƅ$ƅù-$ ƅĔI ƅLthe island in general suffers much from the long droughts which frequentlyō RCƅ ęDŀ57Şinitiatives, Şthe ĄŞfirst "being aŞJŞþ & +Ş !Ş ŞŞŞan experiment by members of the .ıŞvMormon ChurchČőto "$3ŞŞestablish a ŴÞºƅ ƅ.Żƅ'prevail; the ravines andƅQ *ƅ ¡!" $ƅŎƅĈRƅ# ƅĕmglens, not- withstanding, are filled with thicketsƅ ƅof 0ŞŞH^MŞ O station on Lana'i between ŞsÄ8Ş1854 ŞÅ8¹Şand 1864. Ó #Ş úŞThis period ŞŞ +ŞañŞKŞled to an increase of Ş JŞmore than >Ş300 qĹƅŤƅsmall trees, 'ƅƅand to these3ƅłCƅ ƅmany of ƅĩ 'ƅ ƅ8the inhabitants of MauiA ƅ Uƅċƅ Jƅrepair for the 1w à@ŞHawaiians %ŞŞand a ă Şfew ċĮ7ŞśŞ,Ş'y#ŌŞforeigners, with the majority ĐŗŞ:Şliving in < Şthe ahupua'a Ş[äIŚx mŞ%Şof Palawai, and -ƅ ƅpurpose of &yƅcutting postsŖƅƅand Hhƅ ƅrafters for Uƅtheir ƅsmall ,ƅhouses. )Şregular ʼn5$Ştravel between e~&+ŞŞ4 N;Şthe upland &'Şsettlement ;Şand Ş.I Ş å ºŞÔŞÿď';Ş Şthe Manele landing. The experiment was 9 ƅ %ƅ ƅ+pæ»ƅThe island is volcanic; ƅ4ƅthe soil ƅshallow, ƅ ƅ ƅƅ 6¼ƅ ƅand by no means fertile; the ƅshores, ėŞ$:Ş"!ŞÑ-ŞIn decline by 1858, Ş ( Ş Ş ŞŞŖ6 Şand though there was a revival ìŋ%ŞCŞ?between late 1861ŞŞand s?ÂnŞ1864, < Ş[2 ^ Şthe Palawai !+ 1ƅ Űƅ!< ƅ oQƄĊ ƅƅƅhowever, abound with shell-fish, and some ƅ ƅspecies of ƅƅ& Yć [ƅmedusae and cuttle-fish. ĀĔ<Şexperiment Şøwas terminated,:¨ŞJŞ ŞŁ6Ş 4 and the native populationŞń(Ş Şcontinued its #Şhistoric $3»Ş] decline. TheŞ b ƅħ ƅThe inhabitants ƅare ƅbut ƅfew, ƅ ƅĂ"$ƅprobably not exceeding twoƅ thousand. 2[ƅ ËxŵƅNative / Şsecond ī ŞŞ 7Şperiod of growth, between ~ %Ş99Ş1899 % ŞW©Şand 1901, cŞ & Ş,Ş.woccurred when the Maunalei(%) & Ş\ŞSugar ƅƅteachers are +(ƅʼnƅendeavouring to ?Ŧòƅ ƅ( ƅinstruct them in čƅĬ!%ƅ?ƅPOƅuseful knowledge and religious ŧtruth, 7ƅ &ƅƅ Ŋ ƅ <ëƅ ƅ ƅĴ Ųÿƅ ƅbut no foreign missionary has yet laboured on ƅƅ5ƅ( $ƅthis or the neighboring 10June 5, 1928. Trans. K_ Maly. K6(SS S ? 5@SS 2QS ƅ ƅ8n 1ƅ I ƅ ƅisland of Morokai, which is .Hƅ ƅjƅseparated from the gƅnorthern ƅ ƅside of Ï 0ƅRanai, ƅand 11 Pacific Commercial Advertiser, 8MSS SNov. 6, 1864. ƅgƅthe eastern ƅ ƅend of 8B"Vƅ ƅƅ Maui, by a channel,êJ0ƅ#M 1ƅwhich, though ƅ cŐnarrow,#1ƅěƅis ąó ƅsufficiently $- (929+E! 2S)'3%P9=1S"95%"Archaeological fieldwork conductedK#B(&S9N(>SH(S2 ACSover the last %(# %(SAL;<9=FASIAS(AJ D(SP,#,S4AS/*,(?SG- 5Sdecade supports this estimate, which is higher than B. DS+0O(5Sthat given byRS(7(D-S:=QSKenneth Emory 5S Sin 1924. ſƅKƅwide for ƅthe &@ƅpurposes ƅÚof navigation.{ 6,ƅ¶¹\¢±ƅ[9:6-7j Á¾Ş31 °®ƅ32 YŎA \ Ŏ BŎProtestant mission 0Ŏstation Ŏwas 3O Ŏ"GŎestablished in !b ŎnŎLahaina in 1823, Ŏand Ŏwas 3ûŎresponsible èc ĩ6( ĩ#ĩjournal cited below ß®ĩdescribe (ēĩĩSWo ĩĩconditions on Lana'i at ĩgĩĩ ĩthe time. It is ĩĩ)ĩ ĩĩnotable that there is a å Ŏfor ^ŎA N#Ŏ!`mHŎWest Maui, Lana'i, Moloka'i,AD#ŎŎand ¿ÏŎKaho'olawe. 6:ŎMission RŎ ŎŎùŎńuŎstation leaders were tasked with , ĩĩĩ ĔĩFĩdiscussion on the practice of ĩ Ýk ĩpeople living "ĩnear ĩthe pĩshore, ĩwhere eĩ ĩthere is ĩ ĩĩeasy access to 5$ŎvŎoverseeing the >"IJ%HŎspiritual, educational,ĪFŎÔŎ FvŎand health ,ŎŎ7needs of islandŎ 1Ŏ[residents. In Ŏß0Ŏaddition Ë āHĩfisheries ĩand @íĩ3C;ĩbrackish water sources;¯ ĩĩµ ăĩĩ©ĩthe occurrence of an # ĩupland #ĕĩ plantation moistened ĩ Ŏ eŎÄŎą"Ö?Ŏto the Protestant missionaries, !ÕŎ}< 4Lana'i experienced ,ŎŎ Ŏ-Ŏa period of developmentE ŎŎŎA Ŏas a Mormon ĩĩby the B1 ĩ ĩcloud and Éĩ ;&ýÖĩfog drip— the ĩbench + ĩĩćĩ¦W ĩlands above the Palawai R'ĩ ĩBasin; and ĩthe gĩĩpractice of lŎĨŎmission station Kė ŎŎfrom late 1853 ŎŎto early 1864. YŎŎ(As noted above,'Ŏ Ŏ~ʼn" the "experiment" Ŏ3 $ Ŏbrought %ĩ ĩĩęě0 ĩthe people to travel ĩseasonally ĩĩbetween the ĩcoastal Õ ĩ+ ĩĩregion and the " ĩĩuplands to $ ĩtend !%åĩtheir ŎŎđŎan increase in !Í ŎLana'i' s I4.ŎHawaiian F0'Ŏpopulation, { Ŏwith IŎHawaiians K Ŏfrom eŎGŎother islands łLŎmoving 9"J!( ĩĩplantations of ,Mnĩ ĩdry land kalo ĩĩ·aþ ĩand other crops. Ŏ!ato Lana'i, T#ŎŎand %Ŏ) Ŏ;Ŏ"$ĕŎ LŎŎalso fostered some significant changes on ŎO?Ŏ(kŎõŎ the island, notably in theŎ&JŎarea ŎŎļWŎof land tenure. 2 ŎThe work=jŎ-Ŏ Ŏof the y>4Ŏl 4Ŏvarious missionaries and Ŏ ŎŎtheir associates %Ŏresulted inŎ Ŏthe Ćĩ ĩĈ ĩ .ĩ ĩAs it is especially desirable ĩĩĩthat you have ĩäNcorrect information (ĩ ĩrespecting 0ŎŎŎ: o5Ŏcreation of an important ŎŎrecord of /&ŎŎ ŎŎ²phistory on the island. ExcerptsŎŎ ?ŎĚ Ŏof reports, personal Iĩall Mĩour Ì ĩfields ĩ1A>ĩ5ĩ ĩof labor, I prepare in ĉ thisĩ letterĩ ĩto 'ĩĩgive you ĩsome ĩĩaccount of iĘľ@Ŏjournals, and Ŏarticles&īEŎ 3 ŎCŎI:"Ŏpublished in Hawaiian ŎĆĢŎ =;.$Ŏ!bTŎand missionary papers— documenting Lana'i S$ qĩLanai, Đĩ2'the little2ĩ 9+Yĩisland lØĩ ĩwhich lies 7đ .ĩ ĩdirectly opposite ¤ĩ=ĩLahaina & ĩabout ĩseven &Irĩmiles, /MŎpopulation ĬMŎmŎstatistics, land xŎuse, QVŎ7Ŏhealth, and 8 ŎŎ Ŏ7ŎÜ development of churches and schools ŁŎprovide , Qĩ iĩġĩdistant. You will ĩĩperceive by ĩ°the accompanying _ĥ$ĩ >ĩmap, ĩ15 ĩthat ĩ8ĩits greatest $length 4 o Î5Ŏ Ŏé Ŏimportant records from !`U¶ŎLana'L ĩis £iĩabout 17 Ĩĩ^ ĩK ĩVt miles and ĩ87its greatestĩ fĩ breadth isĩA ĩabout 12 ^ /ĩmiles. UĩThe ,ĩ ĩland rises ĩĩ ĩfrom the shore toĩeĩ 'sĩ ĩthe interior, and terminatesÄĊ¼ĩ ĩin ĩ J /ĩĩlofty points. The ĩĩsides of ½ĩthe ÇŎÞŎThe islands ŎÅCŎof Ranai Ŏand 6 D"Ŏ @ŎĮOŎMorokai have, till |t9ŎŎŎwithin a few DŎ+ŎwSŎweeks, been entirely j* ĩmountains *ĩ¸ĩ ĩare cut up ĩ ùĚZ ĩby innumerable ĝĩĩ <c<ĩĂ&, ĩ* ĩravines or alternate ridges and ĩhollows. ŅĩŎ 1Ŏ2Ŏwithout teachers. To * Ŏ)ğŎË.U_#Ŏthe former [Lana'i], ·ŎŎI last jŎweek ĐŎŎ .'Ŏsent a man, ŎŎŎwho is to Ŏact R ĩBut ĩ ĩthese valleys ")0ĩare ĩò¾ĩnot like ĩthe § ĩĩ%ĩm- 3¹ĩvalleys on the windward ĩĩĩside of the !%ĩother Ŏĵ &".nŎŎas superintendent of ĽŎ Ŏfour schools, ïd Ŏwhich rŎŎare to ÙŎEŎ Ŏembrace all the < ŎŎQŎpeople of the G + tĩislands, Ò ĩfurnished ĩ with openingsÂĩ=ĩ)HĞI Qĩ& rivulets. üŎ2 á&Ŏisland. There =JŎŎare a Ŏfew <Ŏpeople * =@Ŏthere, Ŏwho Ŏêě kŎNŎhave frequently visited !ÐÑHŎŎLahaina, and VĩThere Ûisĩĩĩ ":D`ĩbut one permanent êĩbrook ĩfĩ 4ĩ ĩon the island, and ĩ that isĩ ĩ ĩ%ĩso small that Ŏwhen J?Ŏ ŎŎ(ŎCŎhere, have always been in &Ŏour WŎschools. ³ ;Ŏ $ŎðŎĹ+&VŎ ŎFrom among this number, the ĩ ĩ 1ĩit is all # ĩáĩĩlost in a Fĩ* ĩfew small talo16 4ĩ ĩçĩponds, and their Çĩ ĩĩfare does not reachL¶ĩĩthe 8âŎýŎŎsuperintendent is to Ŏ- Ŏ7©ŎŎ9ĶŎ¸Ŏ ŎŎselect four assistants; and thus I hope all P Ŏ Ŏ|Ŏthe people will ĩshore ű ĩG`ĩexcept in ĩĩthe wet ĩĩseasons of ĩthe /ĩyear. Tĩ ĩThere is ĩĩ0 ĩĩnot a well of ĩgood ĩwater ŎŎhave it in Ŏ Ŏ 8 ŎŎtheir power to %×ŎŎlearn to qŎread ŎŇ4Ŏand write, ŎŎand to Ĝ " #Ŏ3Ŏ ďsŎacquire, by means Jĩĩon the 9 uĩO ĩisland, except ĩ ĩĩsuch as are ) ĩpreparedĩ after ĩthe ĩĩmanner of ĩthe ĩHebrews. -Ŏ Ŏof our (ús#Ŏbooks, SŎ-Ŏ Ŏç Ŏmany of the first < Ŏ)Ŏprinciples of ° /ĴŎÃ)ŎChristianity. Of Ŏthe ĺ+fŎŎnumber of ĩóvĩThese wells, ĩÊ3ĩthough few úKĩon wĩ@ĩöĩĩLanai, are common at many .ĩ M ĩĩparts of ĩthe ? Ġ6ĩSandwich hŎî ŎóŎ(Ŏ Ú ŎŎ Ŏ %#Ŏ[Ŏpupils which will be embraced in these schools, I ŎĠŎŎRcan form no estimate, ŎŎ¹Ŏas I 5 - /ĩIslands. ĩĩThey are ĩ$ b#ĩĩeither natural or artificialLĖ& ĩ ' xĩpits, ėĩsometimes - .ĩĩĩonly a few ĩfeet ØŎhave yetŎĞyŎreceived Ŏ 'Ŏno report, ŎQŎE.Ŏ and the island hasŎ Ŏ+never beenŎň,Ŏ+Ŏexplored by any Ŏof âĩ in diameter, Ã>ĩ",ĩĩ\ĩand at other ' ĩtimes _ĩmany ) ĩyards. VĩThey ĩĩare so ĩĩ!%ĩprepared as that &Ŏour numberĸ 3Ŏ11Ŏ... when3ĩ(itĩ ĩrains ¿ĩthe ĩĩĩwater for a Y&ĩ¢ĤĩÍĩ'ûĩdistance may flow into ĩTÿĩthem. There N[ĩċ ĩĦĩare steps to ÈŎ ăĻRŎ+ijàThe communications betweenŎ ŎŎþŎ 0Ŏ7Ŏthe two last mentioned islands Ŏand !9Ò#ŎLahaina, ĩgo Ģĩdown ĩinto ZPĩĩĩthem, but they ĩare Čĩĩnot often ĩ ĩvery deep. ĩ ĩ3ĩIn places where ĩthey Ŏ)rĝ ŎŎare frequent, and 8GŎeven 1Ŏ] >ŎŎconstant. There is ŎŎ#Ŏscarcely a day, (Ŏbut Ŏcanoes pŎ,Ŏpass and ĩO are exposed17 ĩ æĩto direct 1 Óĩ=ĩlight & Fõĩĩ yĩ ĩfrom the wind, they ĩàare uniformly ĩ0 ĩcovered <1Ŏ ŎP ŎŊŎrepass. Almost the only Ą Ĕ*hŎcommunication Ŏ(Ŏ5Ŏ $ Ŏ ĀŎŎis by canoes, though small vessels ĩand evenĜE-ĩĩwhere !ĩthey @ĩare ĩ ĩnot thus Æ ĩčexposed theyĩĩĩare often ² 4ĩcovered, ĩto ĩprevent occasionally āŎzŎ6D Ŏ2 Ŏ÷+ Ŏ-Ŏvisit Morokai. The inhabitants of / Ŏthose Ŏislands ŎŀģŎhave very įŎlittle ĩthe CbĩÐaĩwater from »ąĩ ĩĩdrying up as ĩĩ ĩ1 ĩsoon as it would Ą ĩotherwise. ?ĩĩĩSome of these wellsô ĩ ĈĭŎcommunication M ŎĎŋŎwith any Ŏother Ŏã ŎÀ B.¡Ŏplace except Lahaina. ¼Ŏ >ŎIf therefore ŎŎthey are ĩare ĩģnever exhausted ĩk[ĩeven ĩthough ĩĀĩthey are ĩ ÷ ĩÎĩ Ďĩĩøĩnot replenished for eight or nine B% ć ,ŎŎilluminated at Ă'Ŏall, uŎthey Ŏmust , CŎ øŎderive their $ Ŏë Ŏlight from / Ŏ0this station. ¤Ŏ 2ŃŎTawawa </ĩD;ĩlÙXmonths. Others whichĩĩare small, # ĩdepend C-Ę0 ĩĩentirely on theĩ dĩÞ! .ĩ" ĩalmost nightly rains Ê F_ªŎ[Kahoolawe], Ŏd too communicatesŎ{* ŎŎwith no * Ŏ%other island Ŏ} Ŏ6 N@Ŏexcept Maui, t $ Ŏthough ĩȨĩĩĩĩwhich fall on most of dĩthe ×Ôĩj( ĩhigh mountains ĩof ĩ?+ºthe Sandwichmĩ $ zĩIslands, ĩ&ĩthough in 9 Ŏ Ŏ)Ŏthere are few Ē(Ŏ* 'Ŏinhabitants there, Ŏand Ŏ Ŏæthose mostly fishermen,íf Ŏ ŎcŎwho are Ŏnot ĩ ĩmany places !theseÀĩ¥ĩ7ĩ Hrains are little ĩ moreĩĩthan ğĩheavy ĩdews. ġPŎpermanent ¢¥§Ŏresidents.13 UDLĩThere ¬7ĩ".ĩ are many peopleðĩĩwho makeëĩĩĩĩno use of ĩÏĩ* Úĩ ĩ!water for washing either them ħ 2ĩĩselves or < ;ĩñtheir clothes, Pĩ]X ĩĩexcept the ĩĩdew or ĩĩ!ĩwater on the 8 ĩgrass ĩand ĩh{ĩsome times, there is so little of this that they resort to the juice of the succulent plant «ŎÉgĤgĥŎĦęŎÁċÌñŎºČŎ½ķÿŌŎħŎX¦XŎA Visit to Lana'i in July t828 2 ŎcòŎņİŎ 0ŎThe earliest eyewitness description )Ŏı8%ŎŎ!aŎof travel on Lana'i ĩ ĩĩ G Áĩĩ ĩ ĩĩĩĩĩé ĩĩ%ĩB ĩ #:ĩ which they collect. Most of these people however, have two places of residence, Ŏ ĖŎöŎwas penned in 1828, Ŏ^ôÓŎÆ 'ŎB5Ŏ* Ŏ SŎ-Ŏ¾ Ŏ»ŎÝ,Ŏwhen William Richards, in the company of Kamehameha I's sacred ĩĩ9 ĩ ĩĩĩ ĩĩĒüĩ \ ĩĩ ³|ĩ and only spend a part of the year on the mountain where there is also a great x$9 Ŏ\ Ŏ G'Ŏdaughter, Princess Nahi'ena'ena, ŎŎzŎŎ Ŏ£Ŏmade a visit to the island. ] TheŎiĿ%ŎŎjournal notes Ŏwere ĩK ĩ E ĩĩ *ĩĩĩE)ĩĩĩ ãĩĩĩ ĩ#ĩĩ8ďĩ scarcity of water. In the sea shore, both at Lanai and throughout the islands, è>ŎŎ Ŏforwarded to the ōŎŎsecretary of / Ŏthe ®&"Ŏ¯qŎŎZĊ:č=Ŏ)Ŏ´ ìŎ6:ŎAmerican Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions «Ü nĩĩĩ5ĩĩ ĩ 4ĩĩĩ: ĩ- ĩ ĩĩ 2+ }ĩ with few exceptions, there is a full supply of brackish waterc but such as none ¬ZµA(ABCFM)14¨Ŏ* L ŎŎthrough a ĉēwŎcommunication Ŏ±;Û Ŏon December 25, 1834, 5Ŏand / Ŏä Ŏthe excerpts K;Ŏ from the ĩĩ]´ h ~ĩNĩ ĩĩÑ ĩ 2ĩĩ6îĩĩAĩ 6ĩ ĩĩ :ĩ )&$ìĩOcan drink except ĩĩthose ĩªĩ¡B ĩwho are accustomed ĩto itĩ5ĩïĩĩĩ( ĩI know not a single ĩ$ĩwell on 13!Xy August 9, 1825, 3OQunLetter ofS;e>jWilliam 8`H[CKy&OyHtdEOy7tnWtPyyRichards Describes Progress nS-ky}tHbnkof Instruction (nu9HZnnfyFour Schools '>Fiy[OLEstablished nk4=`on Lanai, Missionary Herald, /kPJune 1826:174-175. X%CHZ;years and ZG"ZH#":Zare seen 0"E%ZZhere In @A3:KZ+?BZO2#Z-CHLZM39$Zprint for the first time. HKep51Or<=kLand 6k=nl>Onaona 5AtOzO=tI]OLMaly researched ~]Othe #OtbH?k$n=tLnTAmerican Board of %ojjazz_nkPuynT(ntPcY5`yy`pky"%(5Commissioners of Foreign Missions (ABCFM) Y,sThe%Z9@Zmap C#)#CE"referred ZN 33 34 ġ±Ĝ ġthe Sandwich _G7ġ q-ġ ġIslands, supplied with ġwater jHġfrom ġ7ġthe bottom, ÒÇ ġexcept 1 ġġsuch as 2ĉThe ¿ĉchiefs ĉtoo ĉare +ĉ¨ĉĉ )ĉĉ ĉ Ìĉĉafter calling the people to the places where ĉthey ĉĉreside to ġġare on ġġ the sea ġġġġshore on a level J ġ ġUġwith the sea. ĉÇĉĉE!.ĉMĉFĉG ĉeĉ ĉĉdo work for them. In the winter & spring of 1832, 6#ĉ ĉĉ ĉ+ĉĉall the able bodied men of cğġġOwing to ġ $ġthe scarcity ġ ġof water ġ9 8ġ%ġ.on Lanai, the inland ġġ #ġ½is barren almostġbeyond*ġ 0ĀJĉMaui, W"ĉMolokai & ( ;ĉĉÕ ĉ ĉ( Lanai were called to Lahaina, ĉĉand $ĉĉmost of ĉ them spentĉ several<ĉ }Vġconception. ªġ ġI have (ñġ!ġrecently been z)-ġ čġ ġquite round the 3;ġġisland, and Ėvisitedġ ġevery °Wĉweeks tĉMĉ"there. It isĉ ĉ ! ĉ£)dĉprobable that scarcely ĉa yearĉ ĉ-ĉpasses in À¥ ĉwhich * ĉĉmost of ĉthe ù! A5 ġĘġġprincipal village on ġthe ġ/ yġġisland except one, andġønġġ ġ Pġ`ġduring my whole tour, I ġsaw butġ ĉpeople ĉĉ ĉ ĉare not thus called ĉ ĉto the ĉĉ ĉ@uresidence of the chiefs.21 ġġrCġġJ#§ġġone good well of water; andġ ġ ġ no spring or 'Qġ¾ġ«ġbrook, and I ġsaw þ -ġÚĞġnothing growing ß ġwhich ġwas &ġ? ġsuitable for ? ġfood, Aÿ ġ ġ"either for man ġ ġor beast, Qġġand ġnothing Ûġgrows / ġexcept 2ĉThe Ó D ĉQĉfollowing are Hùĉextracts ¸$ĉfrom ĉthe ( Ò&ĉLahaina P Reportéĉ ĉdated ĉOctober 15, 1828. êĉ UĉIt mentions ġġsea weeds !ġġand sea ¶Wġ_ġgrass. I sġshould / ġġexcept a ġfew N{ġcocoanut Ćġtrees ġand (ġ ġtwo or ðÁ3ĉthe ĉĉ( Aĉpeople of Lanai )Å ĉ5ĉassembling for 8ĉprayer < ĉüò and instruction, ĉ ĉ#ĉĉas well as ^ĉ ĉpopulation and $äthree18 ġ ġor four ġćġhave trees. ĉàC$+ĉ_óvĉschool enrollment statistics. bġġMost of $%ġ ġthe people èġlive <ġnear ( ġ ġ ġ{ġthe shore for the ġġK»ġ> ġBġĚ@ ġpurpose of taking fish in which 9ĉĉ6©ĉYou are already ;ĉaware ĉ @ĉ ĉĉ ĉ>-úthat this place is the centreĉĉ×èĉ `ĉof missionary operations ġthe shores ġġ9of Lanai ġ ġġabound, and ġ & dġ ~ġġa considerable portion of pġtheir ġvegetable ġfood 5ĉ0āfĉfor Maui, 06Molokai,ÈAgĉN ;"Lanai, ĉ ĉ á wĉand Kahoolawe. N! ĉ"ĉLahaina is E ĉZĉ ĉthe only place >ĉwhere +ġ#they receive 2ġ×ġfrom ¯ ¹ġB!ġÁ ġi ġ>YġLahaina, in barter for fish. : , ġġ 2 ġThere is however ġone õġinland ĉ%ĉ¼ĉ S.ĉthere is regular preaching. ĉ%It is, ĉ hĉĉhowever, by ĉ7ĉ ĉno means the Þĉonly Bĉplace ĉwhere plantation Lġġof tġsome 2/ġ%= ġextent, which Ù ġ=óÃġfurnishes considerable ġaġåġfood. It is ġġwatered by ĉpeople ĉ5ĉ=Ôºassemble for religiousĉ@âĉ ĉworship on ?ĉ !xĉthe Sabbath. 3ĉæĉThere are ĉĉnot less ġthe uġ ġmist or . ġ#oġlight rain à ġÓ¸ġlġ ġ- ġġÕ ġ÷which falls during the night, in sufficient quantitiesMLġ ġfor ĉE,7 Iĉthan twenty \Cĉĉplaces on Tĉthis Í- island, ĉ ĉ ±and severalĉ ĉ0Xĉon Molokai ĉand ("iĉ 4ĉLanai, where ġÜH ġġ the growth of potatoesġġBġġand in wet ġuġ seasons some upland ġ- Hġġ ġ´ ġtaro is raised. There ĉ¡ ĉpeople assemble 5ĉ\d³ĉfor prayer ĉ&a %and instruction. yĉ 2 3ĉThe -ô:ĉnative ĉteachers Xĉ ĉtake the Âġġare few ġġ#ġġpeople that reside at ġ q that placeġ $.+PġČġ rġconstantly, but considerable numberN ġ Aõĉĉ !direction of theĉ*øjĉ I ĉmeetings, occupying ĉ_ĉthe time in ĉreading ĉ and teachingS ĉ !ĉthe ġ Aġwho reside h¼ðgenerallyġġ6ġon the ġġshore, go ġOġup & vġġEJkġ ġĊöġġġăġġspend a month or two at a time so 'ĉ1 ý=ĉvarious Scripture aĉtracts ĉ ½ĉand other Ékĉbooks, ĉand Cÿ ĉconclude G ĉwith .ĉprayer. ĉ RĉBy this ġġ' ġm ġ ġ ġ ĐMĔas to keep their land under cultivation,Lġġand ġthen #ĉġºġġ ġreturn again to the ġ3ġsea side 'ĉ ĉcourse the ĉpeople ĉare ĉinspired G ĉĉ ĉwith a reverence ĉ ĉfor the 1 ĉSabbath; ĉand c ĉthough ġ *ġ ġ where they can haveġ Èġġ> 7ġabundance of fish, ġand ġwater ġtoo, ) ġġġlġ? ġsuch as it is for there Iġġis ĉ ĉ<8ĉthe teachers are F$ ĉ4Hb=*Îĉthemselves extremely ignorant, ĉ ĉ ĉyet they ĉare zĉable, ĉñĉin this ġ wċġġa plenty of thatġâ ġġ 1î Zġwhich is brackish. *ß+lĉĉmanner, to Ù'Ýëĉcommunicate $ĉ7some instruction,b9 mĉ ĉand ?ĉ ĉthe people 8«ĉare ĉÊ ĉthereby kept ³ġ E ġġ3xġġ(%ġ ġThe numbers of inhabitants on the island, ġhas beenġĄġġestimated at ġabout ¦[[¨ġ1600; ¹$ĉfrom [) ĉassembling ĉ U9ĉfor vicious cçnĉpurposes, & ĉand ĉworse ĉ% ĉthan idle Ü:²]` {ĉconversation. butýġġat K ġ ġ"ġ¬ġ(m'ġ6 ġthe present time I think there ġġġ"are not so manyG+ġ ġthough ġthere ġġġhas been no Ý Iġ Ðġġ ġregular census of the &;ġ'ÍġOġġisland taken & it ġ5&Æġġ" ',ġis impossible to make 1Þġsuch anġąġestimate & % ' 'Examination of the Schools"' ġ ġġ ġ Vġas can be relied upon. 쾬ĉ :ġġ4ġThe island is 0e*ġĒ ġ6ġalways under the ġsame úgovernance ġġas ġthe island ġġbġġof Maui, but '%-ĉDuring ĉ'Ú,ĉD ĉthe summer and #ĉ íĉĉ ĉ´)#ĉĉearly part of the fall of 1828, ä ĉĉsubsequently to ĉ the (%ġÌp ġthe direct 35 }~ĉ36 ĥreceived ĥ×1ĥthe fullest Ĝ ĥevidence ĥthat P$ĥour Î#4 ĥ ĥ ĥÅĥ ĥexertions have not been in À @ĥvain. gçĥSince {• S+ĝ56 ĝclaims fGĝwere ĝ[ ĝĝawarded. Of those zĝÕēdĝawarded, five 0&ĝclaimants Gĝ '×ĚĝËwere chiefly awardees, ęĥČĂĥour return Óûĥfrom ĥ$ĥthe tour ĥ ĥof the ĥisland, ĥabout 6T ĥ5,000 ïĥ:ĥĥ!ĥspelling books have been =ĝ "Ĕ:ĝwho received x"ĝentire ahupua'a. ñĥ=ĥ u called for, principally <ĥĥto 0 ĥ ĥ- ĥsestablish schools among children. ?ĥ 'tĥThis ĥincreases {• À±ĝzĝõĝ51 awards made ĝ č!:ĝto native ĉ Ċĝtenants ĝëÐ!% ĝ ĝ dHĝ 'Ø#ĝ( ĝ qand individuals of lower chiefly lineage, totaledĝ]a {ĥ ĥ Đ7ĥ#M 1ĥĥthe whole number enrolled in rĥthe 9 ĥĥschools to aboutĥ ªĥĝģĥ18,000; viz. 66 ĥĥ}ĥ15,500 to this nlittleċ ĝ!ĝ+$$ĝover 600 ĝ ĝ)=ĝę r#ĝ6«$$$ĝÎĝ ĝ@ ĝĝZ^|pacres of the approximately 89,000 acres of land on Lana'i. ĥ»dď¼«ĥisland [Maui]; ĥĥ1,000 to ´ v-u¬ĥFĥ¥ ĥĥMolokal; and 700 to , ĥRanai. °ĥĥ ĥ It is not probable ĥß>ĥthat, ĥ4 ĥ 8Mĥwith the present R) =ĥĥpopulation, so lÙĥĥ QK7ĥĥ ĥ ĥĥ large a number as this can ever appear ĥĥ ĥat an *5¤ĝ2.3.2 ¾A9 ĝ¼C Place Names ĝ¿ ReferencedÓ ą 9 cĝ>ĝ¯AâCin Claims ĝaěĝUEEBl9svby Applicants ĝ Ð) ĥ_ĥexamination. But U Uĥĥ18,000, we ćwĥ ĥthink less | ĥĥØĥthan the full öđ7ĥĥ ĥ ĥĥnumber of those who are "ĥúðĥ2ĥnow enrolled in ĥ ĥthe schools ĥĥ3%ĥĥunder the direction of sĥ)ĥthis station X@Xĥ... ®ĝ Çĝ ĝ6+ĝA total of 86 eĝ8ĝ0ĝĝ ĝplace names is in the recordsu; FĝĖĝĝprovided to ĝ¶ĝ the Land Wø HĝCommissioners. -ĝThe ¹Èĥ 1%ĥĥµPĥThe population of Maui ĥhas . ĥ ĥbeen heretofore ĉĥĥ\ + ĥestimated at 20,000, ĥĥthat of ùÉĝÛĀĝnames from , yDĂĝ`ĝ, ðKaunolu and Kaluluĝ8ĝ ĝpĝ(ĝQĝare cited in table 2. c0yv-ĥĥMolokai at 5+ ĥĥ¢V ĥ3,000 or 4,000, ĥand ĥĥ,that of Ranai ĥĥ\> ĥĥ5 +ĥ(è ĥat 2,000 or 3,000, making qĥthe ÁaBÑĝ*¬ĝ\ ĝTable 2: Place ĝnames ĝ ĝ'ĝrecorded during the Mahele ĥwhole R ĥĥ ĥpopulation on these |ĥthree ĥislands ĥnot ĥmore - ĥthan A¦T Yĥ27,000. ' ĥ The present ĥ %ĥ8 estimate representsĥ ĥ the population )ĥĥ ĥ(as probably amountingĖ4 ĥĥto §= ĥ37,000. º ĥUpon Names ' "' !' ''of Places and '111 # # & 'Ahupua'a '| !' 'Names of Places ' ' 'and 'III $ % 'Ahupua'a J -øĥ ĥ Hĥ9ĥ J7!ĥĥcomparing with this the number of Ä!ĥ ĥĥlearners in the ĥ ĥ ĥschools on these á ĥislands, ?GAhua ?6;%?GKaunolu ?>?GAhupau &?!?GKalulu ĥIĥpěÊĥĥĠĥĥas just given, it will be ĥĥòĥseen that almost half Ñĥĥ" ĥthe whole 1%>ĥĥpopulation, of both.Oĥ Haupu D6<%?GKaunolu Ailau !?!?GKalulu ÏÉ+ĥFĥÂsexes, and all ĥĥages, ĥHĥĥare in the ĥĥ Ú#3ĥ schools; a larger portion ĥĥof {ĥ xWĥthe people, Wĥprobably, Kaapcla D:<%?GKaunolu "! "GElla111 #?!@GKalulu ĥthan ĥ I ĥare enjoying ĥ* ĥĥċ4 ĥ ĥ÷<ĥthe advantages of instruction in any ĥother ė ĥĥĥcountry on the ?><Kuapohaku G ?6<%?GKaunolu <5 37 §ªĝ3B ªÏ¯õy|õTable 3: & õForbidden Sõõfish of 3õthe konohikf õand Äõ & õ õ the prohibited woods J]~Helu #0eJName | I]~Helu %0fJName J]~Helu #0fJName 10024 !ohoLono 10042 $1\2_nNakalo 10025 Kaneakua Konohiki Land Fish Wood 1lE81 10043 (1E^FPaele 10026 )2t92Papalua 10044 1u1Po1Kapahoa + (õVõMataio Kekuanaoa õKaa 14õUhu "õKoko 10027 $<Nailmu 10045 1:Haalu 10028 &2 2Oawa + (õV2õMataio Kekuanaoa Kaohai õ õHee H õNaio 10046 $9HZNalei 10029 to_p+EE Apolo (See O) 10047 (12PZPauahi L²õNahaolelua +5 Ô(õMaunalei õHee êõKukui 10030 $2t_Napuulu 10048 1o`EHaole 10031 *5a26Palaau # YõKanaina +=Mahana õ õHee $Ahakea "õ 10049 "ooMoo 10032 (2\E^EPakele ,EE (See O) 10050 /2S^2S1Wailaia % õKanaina ./,õPaomai õHee õAiea 10033 1Z1Kaia 10051 ;=2Kalamau 10034 $1\1^1Nakuala ¥³õHaalelea . î¡õPalawai $0õAnae $ÂAhakea "õ 10052 1\31Kuakaa 10035 $1EN2Naehulua 10053 1uRKapuhi õKaeo õKealia Jõ[Kapu] 14õUhu — 10036 (22q2oPaaoao 10054 7Elikai 10037 )1go2Pamioa 3õKaahou õKamao õHee "õKoko 10055 KuneamG2 10038 2SoaHKaiole 10056 E4\1Keaka II O õKalulu õHee $="Ahakea õ 10039 )t2SPuupai 10057 '@oEOhoe 10040 (oN>oPohano .Pali Õõ ËõKamoku 14õUhu "õKoko 10058 1lE^EKaunele +EE (See O) 10041 Kanekeleia?H\E_FS2 .¦õPall O õJ$ç (õKealia [Aupuni] 14õUhu "õKoko 5 õ ' bõàõõ½ õ-õ õõÊõ- õ·taõYour Highness, this is for you to decide in your office.* -N1{Sx{QEThat is the KhB end.24 'Hawaii Slate Archives, Interior Department Lands. 2.3.5 ]YTAli'i 0iC#0|UI.Jj0k}]0VeyMwre 0~jsb[0jD 0c~dOand Native Tenant Claims from Kaunoiu and Kalulu Ahupua'a~v~00 3õ* ]õthe Crown õ@Û:õand Government õ íQ -õland inventory õÍ]õõnow known as =õ*õthe Ceded lõI! õLands. There õBzõare 13 ¢ ahupua'a #õG^>uõ>,\#õõxwõon Lana'i. Disposition of 10 ahupua'a õwas )õ õrecorded in õthe Buke Mahele 6BC8C`õ(1848) HHe1u¸à`ĘĠ10041 O2Ġ/ÆÛĠ(Recorded .îö Ġwith ¹á`ęĠL orĠHelu 10024),X:abĠKanekeleia lĠ8ĠÜ@Ġ(and Lono et *p1Ġal.), Åa.ÑsĠPalawai, ÃA^ ĠSèNative RegisterëčĎ Ġ3Çòj©t6:510*511, 8ÒĠ6)df Ġ CĠ uĠďVýh*ĐĠ) ĠÂW &ĠLanai, February 12, 1848, translated by Maly. %õ&)õand before õõthe Land *?)mõI õCommissioners. Three ahupua'a Q)õwere °# ñõapparently )Úõdropped È'õthrough õ@: 'õ õan oversight on õthe õõ[õÌ õµ 'õ(õõThe following is a æ#áõ¶õõtranslation of a GõLand */Ø(õ! õCommission document TõõH\@õ'> põfrom the Native Register. Ahupua'a ²óUìù(đĠClaimant Disposition Buke Mdhele (1848) õ,õ¾õõIt is from the Uclaimants õ õ_ õõ É«õon Lana'i and describes õõ õïÅPõòõthe land to which they stake "õ P ¤võclaim. ĠKaa Ê^ZĒíĠVictoriaÕ"+ĠKamamalu °$ ßĠAwarded Ġ %ĠPage 4. ½UIĠ DĠJan. 27, Ġ1848 Reproductions of the original document are included as figures 3 and 4. â õõõ À K õ/;õ©õ õõSÁ õ{õ%®õ8qõ *>BĠKalulu Q×+Ġº»ĠDaniela Ii ³d.ĠCrown È-ėþ ĠĉĠTestimony of HĠ:ébEĠM. Kekauonohl, µY ĠDec. 1847 ĠKamao #9_ÓĠKahanaumaikal \ ēĠGovernment Ġ 4vĠ¾Ġ wĠPage 47Jan.31.1848 Ġ (#ðĠKamoku RĠNo record[Ý Ġ !ĝĠCrown SÞ Ġ]ĠRecord of ±ÙĠBoundary !#-CommisğĠ -;Ġm0Ġsion (1877) 9ĠKaohai ĠM.åB;."ĠnĠKckualwa (M. Kekuanaoa):Ì0Ġ '$"fĠAwarded Ġ xĠ¿(üKĠ 4yĠPage 14, Jan. 27,1848 Ġ ,ĠKaunoiu ,< ĠKeliiahonui ă \ ĔĠGovernment Ġ ¡M%Ġ6 )Ġ5zĠ£®Ġ ĠPage 130, Feb. 9, 1848; Page 209, ¬{ĠeĠMar. 1Ġ Ġ8, 1848 ="Ġ'Ć;ĠKealia Aupuni Ö#<ñ?ĠKahanaumaikal Ě[gä@ĠGovernment Ġ¤FĠÀIĠNGĠPage 47, Jan. 31, ¯Ġ 1848; PageĠ Aloha to you Commissioners who Quiet Land Claims of the Hawaiian King $ õõ-õ*?,! õ õéõ9%õ*¢/õõõ £ #õ'ô 209, 5|ĠeJĠ1Ġ ĠMar, 8, 1848 Aõõ &-õãäõõdom. We hereby petition to :)õenter õWõõour claims on Zõthe õõIsland of 9 rõLanai. W<ĠKealiaćBĠKapu ô-æĠlosua Kaeo '$Ø ĠAwarded ĠN }Ġ7ĀĠ ~ĠPage 34, Jan. 28, Ġ1848 ĠMahana T&Ġ!ĠWin. C. 8û+øąĠLunalilo g ĕĠGovernment Ġ GĠ7"ĠPage 22, Jan. EĠ Ġ28,1848 Maunalei ´õHere õ õare our ¬ Uõkclaims — Xõó #'õK ! 7õÑDõmoo (planting parcel) lands; Îõ6;õMõ õkula (open plains and c>XĠ ÐĠ/6Ă ĠË0ĠPane (Fanny Young) '$VĠAwarded Ï Ġ3%Ġ¶ÚĠ2 Ġ2¥ĠPage 161, Feb, 12, 1848 ,ÍěõĠPalawai ĠM. _ê?ĠKekauonohl Awarded Ġ 3DĠ7Ġ Ġ §ĠPage 26, Jan. 28,1848 å<7õ Eõplanting) lands; RõÖ5MEõthe mountains; õthe eõwood, õõwoods to &õbe N õtaken 5 õunder õthe #ÔĠPaomai RĠĊ ZĠNo record ! ĞĠCrown É h@ï Ġ]Ġ!HĠ9CĠQâY&ĠTestimony of C. Kanaina, Dec. 0Æ~õKonohiki; ¸fõ¹õõ&õfishes, fishes to be N! õtaken ì õ3õ0ÇõõY< õ,Þõunder the Konohiki; the length is Tõfrom õthe 4Ġ1847 2õ6;õmoana (open %7õZõocean) to õthe ºÝõõ2Dõ¿Xõfishery of Kaholo; from 0õone »Üõõõ! õfishery to the other $*ĠPawili TúĠ´ĠĖ+÷ĄĠWm. C. Lunalflo ČcAĠGovernment Î Ġ %ĠÁ(&Ġ Ġ OPĠ ĠPage 21, Jan. 28, 1848; Page ¼ -sõõfishery. We )õõare the people õ õõ$in the AhupuaaÃõõ. ðgõof Palawai, Pawili, hõÒiõ WëjõKaunoiu, Kalulu, 207, «FĠ KĠĠ¨ĠMar. 8, 1848 k¼,?ĠçĠ1 111 of=ĈĠK au malap au Ä= >Ġ/Ĝÿ qĠ01 eloa (wahlrie) Governmentãċā AĠ ĠPage MªĠ· )JĠĠ1 05, Feb. 7, PĠ1 848; ĠPage + õ%õ+L%Aõ! õMaunalei and Mahana. Here õè õ#§}õare our names: i Ġ1 &2 L5 ĠĠĠ¦Ġ209, Mar. 8, 1848 39 40 8, % ssils |g-?gf gf f £ ïř L li Ills! I||lilil!lf !l III 4 s ř ŗ ' £ř e ř > ř íř § ř ř /ńļTř 1 1 1| 1 l|llll|i|l| i i. II It |f k ^ i nř ř ' ĭř w řìř <3. &ř Såřř w ř*ř ro ?d řAŀtř H • 1 1 & f s J s s?l^'5S^s fffills 58 » ro Óř § ×Õř ř nř Ìř ¥řİ ;ř ʼn ř řj ř řj i&jll Bli|sS|S|Sl p'Hli ř II *~Uřû} řÉ řřâřř µř o a \řg*ř řp0řř8k $řŌ &(ř řĒzřŏ2Př s&&«| N|-g2S£§F»l" ÏIJ3řÑ' řG¾b_E« SZxs^? n Ĭ l ř ř ř S ř cr Q #!w,ř 5ř !! "' g ^ * INI^s-nS^Sf 1 1 § ^ 1 S !' if iģř ř I <2+ řřVmř řřřř ř 8 MS&b 2ąř hř řřÝ-;řčř siiffS" I 5a|§ g s§ ?§a I lSEg I ř1řīř)à¢ř řř § Âu AB £ |uS*f I s|=!|£ xĿřď äř s! ř ^ ^ % §\ řĄřōřù řěŔ4ř ,įřľ ř řĵN@ řřÔř 3 1 ř ř Dř·ř §•£ I^l3,8- sS'SS'-bS.SI^?! ÐÞ@ÚDáªř ®ř S.|l?2| ;řúVř >řĩ¨ř ř ©ř)Vārř Atř řħň ř %! ܲř %ĉ ř g řřKřřeĊ\ ř sift! i!i>n > i?li!i Ărř ř | ř+ř. ř% n ř ř ř ř ř O ř ĕx řřÍ9 $ř ř u|ř*<ř }řó I ^lilSllill^^l^ses: fig tig řř If ř v ř õ řř °|sss|3» °»£ ® sf 3 §« 2sS"aS. IřÇĽ Zř .. řøðř& ¡ř * d!řI5řO řř 3 3 řřř ř ro iSffllflls-s-HniSlil^goS ĠBř œř Sis £L º`Gرř ¿ ¦ř/@2= §ř ř l|!^le||5|i|^li!ul|!E|5S Sj-ř%řřřcċř S!f m³řh ;řæ řřŖř <řB ř ř ~ ,Ģijvřř ř feg ř řŅ řUř řqUř řL!!D:,ř Ö^EÀ`FÙ¶ř ķřqç ř . * #z-'ř" ř8řř oo & ř Œřř ř7 ¬ =C řřř ř <-> (— ř ř & ř @4ř £t - ¼ 7G¹řř řQ řsř o ro il|&:i|-s'i^sHl|^gl|'°|ll|s-| "To>{řřřřNř řř8ãÎřJ ř §fg g -< ř 6F5ř67a7[ř ^ V K £ 6¸Ea^$ř ý2řR ř ņ ř ý2řR ř s- ei lltll LWŐ 0 s f ř.đřēřř řĖ ř Ař Bif§ ?;!??» iS*Fg£B{efm*?££g -N S řřřĨř řĎř C: ėř ř C: ėř ô0 ř ř #Łăřř*ř #Łăřř*ř řüř ř řüř ---I [ř ÒĚ ř ř ř w 5 » " ]ř#MX? +ř řl Qÿ řř .+ řř >řř ř ¯ř ÃĐ řř°řř1Př .— -. a řř ř34řÄĪř ř ĮřřsŘ 5 ST o &|Ips|Hll|^lisll^l^ = "? řř l ř * KřFř E ř o p •< H ¤ř /ćř' řř 3 r ř řřcTĈř s sj s &§ g g ; ss z § Is *i z ^ z z )"-Wřo = ř :ř )Ář ř SI ő ř SS,&E6-§„M8fS5f?s3ggH8S.i:1.8B £ $ b_6YřdkYřÆ "( ř 1 #ĺęř i ř 4ř#ł Jř1PřR Ŋ gř 4 iir* ÈCñ& 1ř8y řîĞ( ]ř &< 3ř0'ĶřŇ 5ř řyřřř %ĻġĹřř ř÷?ř/( řıřĴCř ğ´ř J ř ř ř řf!!ŋ>řHĸĥřřř.B+ ř/-řřÊ9řI" =řřřĀö OřS ? %9MřHŃZř#9Mř#$ř ř ,ř ř řKXř "êřřòř ř è $řř ËÛĝĤĔČř ř p(ř řřéřřfĘř)ß ř ř"{ ř0řŕ ř ÅĆþĦëř»½ř Ĝ . řř Ĝ . ř ř ř Rř ř Ŏř( L!!D: $ř%$řN ř I w S M *t ff Ui & '• !?l ?4H. # +37DF3AM ro ? / •* s 5 'it v * ),GI4M %C q q J 1' 4 HHlH: ' ^ * ! Eii N I Td */.J,9M £ f-ls-f Fq ? GDqKq o tit^: : $ '1 (!1 m9]nq o * K> & n BbZ*qc Ed8q CL ttttniiuiii lq a # -+4 .4 r i i "#/ / m ,=1M'?=?M3EM,<M P) h 4 2$3 B. _ 1 # -.1 %4 ri ; ( / % * / -/.&/ X s / 404 p / ^q eq Mq - &->3:3<39-M CM M •— +,/ g %/ £ 1)4 +2`3q ghq 11 *4 & !'/// /01 # M / §>! fr>h >•{ fcJOi H SS.mmUUft' Jq / Oq aq Si? ( g-~ " 4 *« ,'4 =>A ,S@;q 4 !4 $1 1 4 &(/[k56q 1 & ) \YWHq LQ / TUi1q Pqjq K M LM .qf XV '4R0q " ; ti )/ *,63MM K 3 r )1 "1 *1 % 1 +,1 & / 4 M(,; M%30B,CM M! !M $85H@2M"M ağThere "Oğğare no àğspecific( ğ(ąğ ğ records documenting the kapu Å ğfish ğ+ğğand wood for ÷Ċ#ğKaunolu. ® 0ĚTradi 3mV(d4A7X4dryland field ppt7`p systems. 'G7The Dm7qtm7pf|m17pforest resources Kb1W|474included pt/4pf=stands of koa +b4and ftG:mother b(tK7native Q 2ğ(Đ ğ(ê ğ*ğtional accounts celebrate the kawakawa T UğÆ (bonito) fisheries m ğğof c6ğMğwğKaholo, along with Lědocumen ff5p(c4p^(XWwoods, and small (ZZ7p(d4F|X1G7pG;m7valleys and gulches where water(u7mpfm17psources were7m7=f}d4 found. (dL7] KDaniel I'i 1W(K^74claimed Qğğ ğtation of a ğ ğğ*wide range of other ğÇ ğçøĕğâğPğfishes known in the ÞM%ğregion. ğKingdom ! ğğ;,[7ğLaw of 1846, ğğlisted a (XX|(pGLpi7Kalulu as his personalmrfb(Ximfj7mu4|mLbEproperty during tG7the Mahele, but0}vm7WTlpG75Mttfrelinquished it to vG7UEthe king, whoGf kapu ğ kğon the kawakawa È Ã ğğ!Gó}1ğfisheries of Lana'i. m7t-74Lt(p(retained it as a mgCrown !(c5 Land. He'e (px7was the kapu BpH/4fish, and lahakea was(ptG7the kapu ff4wood. ağÍğë ğğThe following is a ğğ'Wğ blğ ğreport of M. Kekauonohi to & ğ-JIolani Hale,8ğ ğdated £HhqğZ8ğZ;,Dğ& ğDecember 15, 1847. It '(0Y7&YKptpTable 5 lists "/4 fappKfbLand Commission (m4pf>Awards of c(tK7native t7d+etpGfBX74tenants who filed 2Y(K_p=fmclaims for kuleana + ğshows P ğ sJċğ ğthat Kaunolu was ğğone of ğ" :ğher lands. >77 pL`kY7(fee-simple knfk Table 5; $({9Native t7d+dwpf@tenants of Kaunolu(}bfJ\(d4and Kalulu(X|k|((Ahupua'a JA3 6ğKalulu, ! ğLanai @ğ!5eğKalulu, Lanai LCA Helu Claimant 'III, Ahupua'a Claims ď>yğKaunolu, " t 6zğKaunolu, " =7ğKaohai, " 07ğKaohai, " >qõ520 ÔDanlelaÀõÑõli ÉõKalulu éV õQAhupua'a: relinquishedL OÚ õ ?=@õ3719B #õKalalhoa {õKalulu õ6814 BGõPakele 1õ6õHaupu & Õ2Zõ Ó*õKuapohaku, Kaunolu sõõ1 uala ¨/õ õõpatch, and 2 õmoku ^ìğS ğ ğ¼9ğ ğ$ğáÀğğğOia ko'u i lohe, a i ike no ke !°%ğUi. ` ğí ğ ğ&ğvğ.ğ That is what I have heard andğèėğjòğknown from Ìóõmauu' ğ #ğthe King. >õ6815 Kalwl % õ '[õP8õAhua, Paooole, ï4GõKaunolu H1 ¼õmoku jõ~õê\õ mauu, 2 houses, 3 tõ ¬ ğğğ ğ¸8ğOwau no ke ka mahalo, &ğğBI am yours þ ğwğwith (= 0ğappreciation, õ"mala uala,f]õ õ,õ³1 ipu field, /õuõI Öko àEpatch 'Xğ olM. Kekauonohi1 '#M. ÚKekauonohi2 õ6816 A+õNaholowaa õ6õ'ë&õNamakaokahal & Ahua, õÍ8 mala !uala B1 >BHawaii 6 7$B StateArchlves.Int &<$4B*7%,0Bcrio r $. ;$+8B+"4D ep artmen t Lands. *õKaunolu B2 1+5BB(@BTrans. K. Maly. v?õ6817 +-µõKawaihoa B.^õPaooole, KaunnluÒØÁìõ õõáõD õõ1 moo uala' and 1 õmoo òõmahakeas Below is another report, from C. Kanaina to the Minister of the Interior, dated December \+ğ$ ğ/)ğ Vğüğ¢#ğ »ô<ğ ğĂğ'å ğğğE 8ğ ğ¤4HOğ 6818 *FõHaolc *õKaunolu wõõõ1 mala uala õõand 1 2õmoku õmauu ;,D ğ1847, +Ùhwhere ğ gfğð ğğ2 ğğPğæ:ğKanaina lists the lands of the king. <õ6819 ÜoõKamakahikJ C lõ PÂõPunanana, Kaunolu õMõI0õ;õõ_`õõ2 moo uala, 1 malako,1 1 ª ğ ğFğğoğNa Aina Ponoi o ka 'ğMoi ğ$ğa'u i ßIğ 1Cğğ$ğike ai, a i ¯ğThe ğKing's Ęğ2" ğown lands * ğthat &ğI vğ Nğhave seen ½õmoku Îõmauu §ğ1ğ4ğlohe ai ma = ğFğğkeia Pae Aina: ğOğğand heard of 5ğ ğin these E ğIslands. rõ6820 Kanohohookahl×#õ ,8õ ÃõNihokela, Kaunolu õ1 õhouse $õlot õand õ1 õõmoku mauu õ6821 KõKuhelcloa (aõ Makapeapea, KaunoluËõ õõ"bõxõ1 moo uala, 1 2õÏ9õ õmoku mauu, and . .. Helu 4 Mokupuni o Lanai ... Number 4 Island of Lanai ğ#ğ#ğ-ğ,ğ©A ğğ!fğ %W:ğ «4H?ğ,ğ¦ ğğ!/eğ õõ1 house !$õlot b>ğKaunolu RğKaunolu õ6822 U·Kahukllani¥õ ( ÊcõMlkl, õKaunolu õõ!$õ1 house lot õõand 1 õõmala uala 1ğKaohai 0ğKaohai õ6823 (õMuhee NõKaunolu õ»Jõ°õ%$õSõ1 kihapal or sweet potato õand · ğKalulu ï ğKalulu § õbanana 68238 )¯õWahahee õKaunolu Paomai ... 1 _ ğX%ĞğPaomai ... 2 _4ğĝYğ õ6824 A|5LíõNapuulu ':õ 4õAhua, Kaunolu õ5ºõ1 pauku * â õ%¹è)õplanted with -õipu õand B1 ?BHawaii 8 9$BState 0!=$4B+6$0'-2BArchives, Interior $/08)$+:B+#4BDepartment Lands. I9õ õõ. $ õuala, 2 moo planted in õ,õ õipu and B2 3 4BB ABTrans. K. Maly. !&õuala, õ õand 1 houseõãõlot õ6825 ĤñõKalanlwahine (Mlkl, dõ4õKaunolu H1 õõhouse lot õ¿!and kula 6826 .+õKalawala Meõ "õlamo, Kalulu Kalulu ğć" Kğ 3Bğ ğis translated literally as { ğ q|ğğ"the shelter," and ( µ ğ[D;ğcontains 6,078 ¾ acres.#ğ .uKğ ğğKalulu is one õ6827 Ù)îÅUõLaupahulu WC.Xõ(Palaau) )% ¸0õõKahawalnul, Kalulu õ3 moku õmauu õ6828 õKeamo -" fõKaiholena, õKalulu yõ,#õ±õ1 kihapal of uala,0õ#gõ+15Ipu, wauke,:õ of three unique ahupua'a divisions on Lana'i. On the Kona side of the island, Kalulu ğ ýğč úğ ¿Ē ğğ!GÛğ ^ğ*ğ $ğğ )ğ$ 2pğ " 3ğ N õõand a õhouse Ü ğ ğ xğ Léğis bounded by Kamoku ğĀ*Iğ×:ğ&ğğÿ ğû ğon the north. It then runs across )ğthe $ "Cğisland, ãÑğpassing )ğ Ĝthe west- @õ6829 (ð}õMa awe D3õ7õKanalu & &õ!Kapano, Kalulu"õ õSome Kõ"õ¢ õmala uala and 3hõ<õmala, 1 iğ " ğğF¹Gēd1ğem banks of Palawai \ ğğBasin, up )ğthe N Vğmountain, 5ğpğand then Ćs ğğcontinues to ğ the Ko'olau 9ğcoast, õõhouse lot bounding uN ğ' Kğğrğ%ğMaunalei on the north. ğ ğAlong its iğsouthern ½"?x9ğğ boundary, in bothğăğthe Kona <ğand ;õ6831 3Jõ01 ol ¦õ1ÆõKapanokai, Kalulu =õ¾õ1 moku mauu õ6832 ÇõKeie 'Ailau, /õõKalulu Ko'olau Ó Cğ A3tğ ğregions, Kalulu is bounded Rğ Bğ Rby KaunoluÖÝğ@ S ğAhupua'a. `ğThe Kona /ğand Ko'olau ğcoasts õ6833 -õKaalai ')õ7õ# #&õ õAhupau & Ellalll, Kalulu; õõ&õ2 moku mauu, zõ1 õSõhouse lot ğ ±@3ğof Kalulu ğnğĉğ ö5ğÉ take in two significant fisheries— ğ ğğ ğğone being a part of ğùğ ğÊ the deep sea fisheries? ğğof ÐõKamoku ³ğT ?ğØğ @ČUğgğKaholo (shared with Kaunolu), and ğākğ the other beingğ ğthe near shore ğreef-linedÄnğË fisheries ğğof ôÛõ¡ pRõ©'Grass land/pasture sections. Ok Continued on next page rğĔ<ğ YğE5ğĄğthe windward coast In the ²c+ ğ¡. äğ/ğ4A ¶ğ> ğÁPSlawai Basin and mountain lands were ğę õextensive mđğÕ ĎĈdğagricultural äÞ%åõæTõTªm*Sweet potato patch. Ì2 7ğfields, .ÔÒğranging jğfrom Âğopen kula > 43 44 Continued from previous page LCA Helu Claimant 'III, Ahupua'a Claims 6834 O5 J# XKaukapaJa :O:OXKalulu 6835 ; V 4 XKalawaia 0H Â2.3.6 (0l00m0Â-_v0Â%ªnÂPalapala Sifa Nui, Â+¾0lÂ)0H} 0}Â1855-1867: Royal Patent Grant Lands0}DÂ}onÂ!`}0 ÂLana'i Y »`+* Z[ ` ` V £IÂ1|I§zI£IÂAt the same time the Mahele Aina µ1Âwas 45 ¦^«^µŻ2.3.7 ÁJşVf5łŻBoundary ÂJĬĭĎ::ďJVŻÑŠŀTŶ:Ż5ıfŻÒT:ńĐĮĴVđT:ŻCommission Surveys and Testimonies qĠ Ġ9 ĠêĠĠdown the North bank of / Ġthe Ġp]Ġ ĠKapano valley to ĠWomAĠthe Govt, sĠĠºĠroad, passing near 0[ ÅĝĠKawaonahele's tĠhouse, I)-GEĠkeeping Ă2 ĠĠstraight on ĠĠacross a Ġ ďĠ èĠ#Ġside ravine coming in Ê%Ġfrom Following the Mahele 'Aina, there was a growing movement to fence off land areas and ÇĨ ŻŻ ' #' Ż ŻŻēŻ/iŻŻú #ŻĀŻ Żä Ż Ż Ġ . RĠ 2á ĠµSĠĠĠ -ĠÇĠ Ġthe north, called Keaaku, to the top of the 4 Ġnorth +ĠĠwall of .Ġthe Palawai#Ġ [ù)'Ġ.ĠĠcrater at a control access to resources which native tenants had traditionally been allowed to use. t Ż # ŻŻ ŻŭĊìŻ ~ Ż ŻŻŖWG Ż Ż &&ŻŻŻ Þ Ġ ¶ Ġplace called Pulehuloa, 5*Ñ+uĠ Ġ0near Keliihananul'sÀä ¸?gQĠ !Ġhouse. 3"ŻŻ12°£ MŻĻĒ Ż ŻBy the 1860s, foreign land Zi+ Ż@Żowners and Ż Ż E business interests petitionedŻUŻthe %ZŻŻ|ŻCrown to have ¢ĈNĠ6ĠYĉëKĆĠKaiulu & Kaunolu UŻthe æŻŻboundaries of 6Żtheir }Ż r respective lands-whichŮċ Ż Żwere Żthe XŻŻ ) , ŻŻfoundation of plantation and ęŻranching Ė $ŻËŻ12`§'Żinterests— settled. In 1862, ŻġŻthe king ŻŻ%I ŻŻ3ũ! Żappointed a Commission of Boundaries, :aĠ@'ĠThe boundary between" ĠĠ(ĠMĠ ĠkĠĠ ]Ġ L+Ġ' ĠĠKaiulu & Kaunolu begins at a small hill north of Ġthe Ġ Ża.k.a. theŻ3Ţ8c"ŻBoundary %q MŻCommission, Ż FŻwhose task ŻŻwas to Żcollect ŗ g!ÛŻtraditional Ī ŻŻknowledge of G ¸Ż47 48 ĀĽ@ş şcrater from şşthere to şfş<şthe sea. I willĢş şleave ņşJşŊşuntil I return ď ş şfrom the PĔşşşother side of Ħūūūimua o ke ļZ ūūūKomisina ma na ūūĥūmea e plli 1ū ūana i vūKŐuūū ūter forward to the 7ľ/33 ū$(ū'ūCommission by those ş ¯ş ş<şthe mountain, where I intend7 şõŇ(şstarting öğş&7şearly Monday ĦĹ!gşmorning. Don't $¨ş ş Yşyou think ūna ū=ċūAina Lei T ūū=fūAlii ma Lanai. ĪY "ū4'ū7adjoining the CrownNū- ūLands ū-þ #ūon Lanai. ş<şthat I şhad 'OşŒ'ş }şbetter survey the boundary Cş P~"şŃş!ĺşbetween the government Bland şşVşof Kamao EĚ:ūūHoohikiia a ıI ūLSūolelo mai: ?ŊūSworn ūand Sūstated: ,and ş,-şĕÿ şş'NşşKaohai which is very short ş_* 5ş8Cşand will survey with4 ş _Aşşłş \ş WPaawili on the upper side ş Gūū ūNa*u no i ūIJūūAna keia mau ūū×ūaina a pau; ūua ÞūI Ŏťū ū@ ūsurveyed all these ØūFūČNūlands; I went t"ū0ūalong all ş ş şş > *şIJC şof the island to Palawai form ş őşş >-şa survey of Kaohai. JşşI have startedşş şşşto carry a set ū ūūū ūMĩūhele pu au me na kamaaina ūma ūna I;ūpalena ~ ūthe boundaries$ \ū.ūof 4 3ū 8Nūthese lands Ŕūŕŝ#ūwith natives. şʼnò!.ş3Nį8şĐİ şof triangles around from ş1>BQşşIë şşPuu Manu to Halepalaoa and find ş şş that it canş şşbe done pņūūapau o ū ūkeia mau |gūAina. ūūA ua Ĝū 9ŀ ūlokahi lakou êx(ūūq!ū/ ūOM6ū&)ū3 ŏ)3ūThey were all in agreement, My surveys Oūare with]ş54 şČşlittle effort şşand few ň! ştriangles. = şJşWhen I wasşęşin 0MïşLahaina 1şMr. H{ ş şGibson spoke bū ū|5ūū ūz ūapau, ua pono, a ua pololei ūka*u ;ūana ;±ūkūana. O +PP+~ūūcorrect and ŗ #ūVŞ#ūä#ūtrue. Rev. N. > ūPali ū)ūwas my pri:Ũū ş (ş şof having me ş şóşstop here and | ş şcomplete the ^şş]şZşsurvey of the island şas heşşĆşis very V #ūG²ūRev. N. > ūū LūPali ko'u alakai ū"ūūįūnui nana i kuhlkuhi, ăūBū ū mary guide, he pointedūūout 4ě5ūthings, \ūothers Į şşşanxious for a gşmap. ū ū9ūa ua make xūijūiho nei :³ūkekahi. GūNo ūĖūĴIūka hiki ole ūY2+ūhave since ū)iūpassed away. ana mai o Pali i keia la, ua hoopono ka Aha Because Pali did not arrive this day, the <şIt ş ē(şş!şOşşis beginning to get very dry Cşhere 2şş ÷ýş şzşyşand water scarce. Potatoes are also Ŕ"Ļşvery "ūūū r0 ū ūūĵū ū ūūT pū m+ū úū ūū ū ū(¤ū'ū ūĆū ū ū ū']Ëūa hiki mai oia noho hou. Commission moved Await his arrival before 2þş2ş@ -¼ş wşwşøşscarce and expensive. Pai ai are şa dollarş) ş ş0apiece in Lahaina * şşŗ!now havingşě8 şjumped 7Ŀ ū ū ū ūĂ ūHđOvū reconvening. đ şşfrom seventy č'ş ş) şfive cents since Ùş VşI came "\şover.SEş. . Ĉ čō·ū &Ma ū ūÑCūka la 30ū?Ņ$ïū o Sepatemaba lD**6ū ū1877, ua ėūhiki æ ū'ūÒC4 ūOn the 30th )ūday .ūof èą¥ūSeptember, lD**¦ū1877, Paliò ū As soon as I finish Kaunolu I will send you the notes of survey as the minister +şşş<ş) şQ şJş_-ģ ş ş şş7 şş œş ş ş[Ę ş :ūūmai o Pali,øcūū ūa ua 'ū ūū RūEęĢūnoho hou ka Aha. Hoohikiia ġ w6ū ūarrived, and W ūThe 7ģ ū+ 1#ūCommission reconvened. of interior is very anxious to get them. Mr. Gibson is going to start his men şX)şş'ļşô şş!ş hşvEşHù ş ş!(şş ş ş ş o >ùūū !ūóSPali a olelo mai: Palit ū?ŋūSworn ūand Öūstated: (şş .şşşshearing at Palawai in a şfew çèşday[s]. I*!şşHoping to zşhear Ē ş şfrom you ½şÚşąşsoon. I remain åūO Pali ū dūau, ūhe ĻqõūŘūūkamaaina au no -1s ūLanai, na FūûūI am Pali. r ¸ūnūI üūūNŖūKūam a native of -;Bū)ūĀŧLanai, my par yours.29 ¾ ūko'u ūmau Įūmakua ū i İūkuhikuhi sū ´ūmai ia'u. ūA ū ū4 Xents pointed themū ū(the boundaries)$ ; ūūūout to æ şĎř(şq NşThe following Boundary ;şCommission | }şdocument !ėŕ şgives ħĭşşştestimonies of the surveyor'ş ū ūno ko'u ūnoho Ğūū ūkonohiki ana hoi ! ūūmalalo o gū ūūū0@ūme. And as a result .ū)ū Š"ū$2ūof my having been =ūLand &9şş~ 5ş şMonsarrat, as well as şthe kama'aina Z4şşPali on ş ā)şş the boundaries of lands şş0ê©şon Lana'i. 4ş şPali states Q9!ūKauikeaouli ūàūmaopopo loa Ġ ū ūia'u n a Rūpalena. ū2[ūoverseer under /Kauikeaouli,§ū4 ūthe H^O/ūboundaries şthat .ŋş şKaunolu is aş!ć"ş.Lgovernment land ş>şand 6Ŏ şşş;NŚş L¿şKalulu is a Crown land. G ū ćū ūūNoho Konohiki au no% Ś! ¡%ūMQµ ū"Kalulu," " Kamoku." 8ūĺare known ūū¹ūto me. FūūI was ūthe ĕūKūKonohiki of Ýū ūHe mau ū ūūM¢ū<0/£ūaina Aupuni o Kamao, Kealia, PawŦ "Kalulu"< ! ,ū ūand %8yfū"Kamoku." ¨ūKamao, ! dūKealia, ! būili, ūQ"0 ¶ū&ū ū ame Kaunolu. Maopopo loa ia'u.1 hÍ Pawili,Ţ©ū"ūand Qz ū[ūÜşĎū "ºūKaunolu are Government lands. Ð $Hooponopono $Palena $$ $Aina a ke $Decision $of " Boundaries $ #$by ! $the ßūĬūI know @ ūthem I !»well.2ū $Komisina $Commission R1 #':'O);RMEN''R I8)Palawai Ahupuaa, [email protected] '6RCN>/,RLanai, Boundary C==5JK6C?R&C8M=2R"CR RERCommission Volume No. 1, p. 108QR"1 10, No.( RR 34, Keena01@'R 4''9B+RDRKlaalna o Maui,'N7R<';@)R$2EL2=-lahaina, Sepiember3GR R R17, 1877. Ma ka la 14 o Julai, A.D. 1877, ua waiho On the 14th day of June, A.D. 1877, Prof. &şş ş FlşşÛōA,)°şÑ$Eş Ím##:ş ş ş Uş şkl]şşşÜ:şTËà/şFm##²ş /ş R2 %H*AK R RTrans. K. !':P RMaly. ,şş hşmai o Prof. =$şÓ3W.D. Alexander @ş ş, ðş ľşhe palapala noi =Ç$işW.D. G Ċ"³şAlexander, şset Oşbefore Mşq īCthe Boundary The following is from the Boundary Commission. It certifies the boundaries determined Xşş[ -şi ke Komisina âñ"şG)şşPalena Aina o 1Q±şşMaui, no şka ;ĩWķşş& ´şCommissioner of Maui, >şA şan application to W ū.ń ŁŤū/ūĒ{ū'ūm^2Ąū7ĽZRūnū+Ň@YĐū ūH /ūʼnū through the survey of Monsarrat. şhooponopono şşşana i na 6?şşpalena o ìşkahi şmau ×"ŅşCertify şthe ú şboundaries şof 6şseveral lands ňł ēū ū3ś\(ūďūo2ő4¼ū xşşaina i şşşpau i ka ÕîşşşAnaia o ka 1R şşuBÀşMokupuni o Lanai. whichĖ ş şhave şall ş8been surveyedşşon MşĠŜthe Is ßş*şşOia hoi o % "Palawai"-ş şno =/&şH şW.M. Gibson rĵÁşEsq. 3Ăşland şof 032EşLanai. å ċşThey @* (µşbeing, % yíaş"Palawai" of Olelo Hooholo Decision % Dşştş"Kaohai" no Ka &şMea 4ĜşäjşKiekie R. tĄ 4oşKeelikolani; =/&ÈşW.M. s şGibson r ĶfşEsq. % ġ`ş"Kaohai" şof I@şHer I!ŝHigh %.^ 9ş% R:`şş ^şÒş0şÔoş"Kalulu," "Kamoku," he mau Aina Lei Alii; şãSşĥ BÏş¡6 5Q¢şness R. Keelikolani; "Kalulu" 2şand £VжD"Kamoku," ū ūKe hooholo ū½ūnei au. kūūO na palenaJ"ūūū 1ūo na aina Fū XPI herebyĉ$(ū Àmove.ū W ū$ ūKūThe boundaries of 8 0ūall Jūthe 9Dş,Adş"Kamao," "Kealia," Z9 şbş"Pawili," & %858:¬ªş ş"Kaunolu," he ;Ĭş03 Ðş¤3 9¥ş%A·Dş% éŘ-¸aCrown Lands; "Kamao," "Kealia," "Pawili," ūūapau ma ã ū:ū2 ūū&iÚjūLanai i anaia e M.D. & āð5ū ūMonsarrat, oia 1ūlands ūon = BūLanai, (ūsurveyed $)ūby oÁÛÂūM.D. &Monũū ş+Wşmau Aina +ŌŐ*ÂşAupuni. bş¦ R¹§şsĈ"şu& "Kaunolu," Government Lands. S 'LūūÈÉūhoi o "Palawai" 0š ūūno ë¾&¿ūU $2eūū ,ūW.M. Gibson, " Kaohai" 6ū (ūH «ūAsarrat, they being, "Palawai" ôū.ūof ì#&ÃūW.M. UŒŪūGib 1Makala ş.şk#şşK"? dş17 o Sepatemaba, p$ÃşA.D. În##eş ş1877, ua U şşF#şOn the 17th dayşşK? û"eşp$/şFn##:şof September, A.D. 1877, ūū&ūâXīūçhūno ka Mea Kiekie R. 9 }Keelikolani,ªū á÷],ū"Kalulu" sonÄū A ū"Kaohai" .ūof EūHer E ğ35ūHighness, VÅūR. ÙūKee şş+ şşşnoho ka Aha a ke [* ) şş şşşKomisina e hoolohe no ke Pşthe ;ışCommission ĪŖ'şconvened şto \şhear şthe ūūA<8a me "Kamoku"ĭ,ū ūūhe mau ū- ū Ĺūūaina Lei Alii ame 9 6ūlikolani, `]ř,ū"Kalulu" 8 ūand %"Kamoku"ýyū 7ūCrown Ŀş .ŏ«şÌş1Ä$işvOPşcØşÖşnoi maluna'e. 0 M.D. Monsarrat (Hope Ana şĴabove applications.Ĥ ń7 ş &M.D.É$ş&şMonsarrat cTŞ(As "Kamao,"5,ū%<! cū"Kealia," %>ñţ "Pawili"_ūaū%< ;Ķ_& "Kaunolu" heū ū -¬ūLands, ÿūand `eū%!ū"Kamao," "Kealia" í [Aupunil, îū TşAina + RXşYşAupuni) ka şŀşĝş xş şYşmea i hiki mai ma ka şaoao ,şHĉ"7şsistant Government K'®ş şSurveyor) was ?şpresent ūöūmau aina T }5ūAupuni, ū Lūū"ū"ūe like me na ana 9ĝū:ūpakahi i %>Ĥ,ū"Pawili" aū& A Bū"Kaunolu," $ħūbeing U ŌJ œūGovernment o şka şmea ÊşGşşşnoi. A no ka şmea şhoi Lşnana şno i şüă şşon behalf of şthe Łşapplicant. +6 ş şAlso as Mşthe ĔŃĸūhoikeia { ūJ6ū ūmaloko nei, ua ūū ūpono a ua #ūpololei. ®ūlands, ūŜķ(ūas uniformly ^surveyed w)ū ū ūand given + şAna ş şia mau şaina ij ÅşGş ş Bş şapau. A ua hoomana pu ia şşone who Kş2 6şşş L/şÝºşáşSurveyed all of the lands. Jno, O @ ¯ūuū[Z ūwithin, are right ū+Pand coiTect.Ċ+jū ş7ş şmai no hoi şşoia e Þ jşUÆşJno. 0. Dorainis$Ĩ şşe 5lawelawe Dominis$ Ě ş ş ś?şş{ĸ (ş ş »was authorized to bring the mat- ūūKakauia ma ='Ĩū ūLahaina i ū keia laū ÓCūū?30 o Sept.Êū é 1ūū- 1Signed at Lahaina,°ūĘūÔC ū(ū.ū?Æūthis 30th day of Sept. 1877. 1877. #aM. B B -,1$0.$3BD. Monsarrat (Surveyor) 8'@-.B4-B" B Bto W. D. *)$,&'/BAlexander !9'>-/B','/$+B 7'BB(Surveyor General), June 2, B1877, $<$+ BHawal'i State5$6'B0%;'2 Archives, ÎD**#ū ÏD**Çū DAGS BB-=BB6 Box 1 AB Survey.:(? B 49 ÕÌū50 Úÿ9'ÿ8&ÿKomisina P. A. £ ÿ ÿ<ÿ¨1ÿ/1ÿ8Apana Elua, ko H. P. A.1 26NCommissioner4>ÿ«bÿL.B.,2 $ÿ¦s5ÿÿSecond District, of ©:19. ¿P ęYęThence down )ę ă2ęęthe bottom of ßęthis Q>W)ę "ęęgulch and up )ę? ęthe main Úìęûęę rügulch to a point ) ÿ§1c&the H.I.3 ę ę tę3@ę 5ęon South bank marked by wętwo !$jęTri. ę& ę =Tępits and buried n·ębottle; i Éęwhich ; point :1 /6+ :/)"44"/+:Boundary Commission /$7( :/: :Volume No. 1, $9&:617:4% :/!.':Palawai Ahupua'a, Island of Lanai, 2: :p. 113. ęę.-ębears S 61* 45' JęęyIę / ę(W true 3482 feetýę$ęþę T from last point.30¨ :2 /*"55#0,Commissioner 3:/!:of :/8- 3"Land Boundaries. 5: '20. ! ę ęThence down 4Oęthe 2ęębottom of Bę3Â< ęthe main >pęęęã ę ęDę tgulch to a point on East bank 3 Trans. K. Maly. 2@Fę 5ęĐðę!;ę;ęęmarked by two Tri. pits & BbottleÍęàęwhich ębears 3ęÿę? ęę±from last point S 36*~ę 9Cę21' W J ÿ ÿThese are nÿ,ÿ:Âÿhôÿthe metes and bounds ÿõòÿ¤Pâ~ÿÇ,ÿof Kaunolii Ahupua'a from @ ÿt-ÿÿthe survey of ¬º ÿ ÿMonsarrat for ċę:'ę*true 930 feet. ÿb=æÿ2,,5L`ÿthe Boundary Commission: 9¤21. ! ęThence xęYęstill down )ęthe 2ęÑęĈębottom of the >È)ęęęgulch to a kę ępoint on ºę GęEast bank @"marked 5ę+7ę!v1ęby two Tri. õ?ępits "ęand XęÜ ę &ęę ę3 ĉ ę lęę-²bottle which bears from last mentioned point S 18*Ėę%J7' 2Û4 ÿÿÿ ÏÿÿCommencing at a pile of ÿstones Ck>ÿÿ¾ ßÿover a cross ÿÿÿ ÿÿcut in a large stone ÿNÿ(the same DęzęE true 538/ęĄ*feet. h ÿ?mÿbeing the =ÿÅÿ2point of CommencementÜj,ÿÿRÿof Kalulu $t-ÿÿ ÿ ÿSurvey) at the edge lÿ ÿÿof precipice a *22. ! ę<ęĕęę ą3ę(ęThence still down the bottom of ęę\ágęthe gulch (which $ę ęO Owhere it enters=ę4the ÿfew ÿfeet È6ÿfrom ? iÿthe ÿ±ÿ;sea. The boundary»ÿ7^ÿruns: ęjęc"ęcrater is called BFęthe 0đ]ęĀęęKauhe) to a ę#ęę3ę ęlarge rock at mouth on ç7ę ęlower side ę of the H1. !ÿ#N 87° Sÿ Xÿ ÿ20' E sÿtrue ÿÿ2551 feet ÿ% ÿÿÿalong Kalulu to a ÿÿÿ=ÿpile of stones on +ÿside © 'Hill. "ęroad 2@Î"ęmarked 7 ęęwith a ęcross, "ęÆ"ęand called ¾)#,bę"Pohakuloa;" R ęwhich #ęrock ęę .bears S 46* ° ¡Thence: 'Kęę20* W 4H>ętrue 2450 'ęę×ęfeet from ęlast x ęmentioned lapoint. 2. !ÿN 76* yÿDÿ ÿîÿ00' E true ÿÿ3206 feet ÿ%ÿÿÿalong Kalulu to a Mÿ6¹Mÿ) ÿÿrock marked with a &cross. *23. ę S 44ę/Zęę ùę-%8' W true 13375 ę ęc feet alongę0Kealiakapu Å&}ę=uęacross 4ę$the craterÐ=ę ęęä to a point 3. !ÿ Tÿ.ÿ ÿN 54* 17' E êÿ (Iÿtrue 6694.5 Äÿfeet ÿ wPÿalong Kalulu ÿpassing ;=ÿbetween d 51 52 54. >ñN 31° ñ7ñsñ'ñ35' W true 1640 feet. 13.4c .ē'N 74*ďē3ĐēCēI1 W Iētrue 4ē5235 ēfeet Q< ēalong ; rēMaunalei ē.,/îēalong Northern Éē ēhFčedge of Papala- _5. >ñ%uñ [ñ@ñÝñ ñN 18* 23' W true 3142 ññfeet to pointP3×ñBñ6ÏO0LÎO5of Commencement. YēĂ ēhoomoe gulch ē8ēÝćû ēto its junction V,ēwith ;J ã7ēMaunalei P %ē ēēvalley and across Êē P %said valley to a red wood post on the summit of a hill called "Puukukai" on West , )&ñg&ñ!¡GñSurveyed by M.D. ! ÓFñHP3ñMonsarrat, Assistant ēēē ēē ēēĆē ēēÛē=ē_iĄ8wē ēC ēê ē ¿%2ēl edge of valley. Thence e$«ñ¢)½NñHawaiian Government ,é)hí`ñSurvey. 14. S 0*¡|ēCē4ē ,ē ē41' W 3555 feet along ;» ēÁēh+7ēMahana and Paomai ēto ēē ēa red wood tē ēpost on ridge I².Fñ£4oñ%+ ñLanai, June 1877. "ēthat $ēKēcomes down oëēfrom Øēthe ^ ēcentral ēmountain Âē ērange {said ē* ē post being on e0-ññ Á*-ññ ñ#ñHanaia a hooholoia e a'u ma I .0ññ/ñCñ1Lahaina i ka la 29 ññ ññ, ñH¦& 17 o Sept. A.D.ñ%+ ñ1877. .ēē ē F%ēHēNorth edge of valley that # ēcontains "ēthe ó:ē ē ēwater hole of 6 µ@ēO/ Kaiholena). Thence 15.2 ēS 45*đē§!?ē)ēþē49' W true d&5'!ē1067.9 ē ēfeet along -ZqēKamoku Ç:ē å%ēacross valley Gēpassing ēto the #P9ñKomisina P. H<ññA. o !-ñMaui, ñ2nd ¤ ñ ÉLWaJud. Circuit.31 ēēS. E ēof * ē+ ,8 ēabove mentioned ēwater <ēēē7 ôē ē8ēhole to a point on ridge >9ēmarked with Kñ¾ $.ñThe following qñT ñare the #ñmetes ñand 2X3ññbounds of ñ6 tñthe Crown Iññ X FññLand of Kalulu, as 4 )h&ñ2&ñsurveyed by N[ ÃÔēVēTriangular pits ē#R/ēand ditch \ēthus #ēsaid # pointõē¶ē 7öH=ēa little ®·ēÏēEast of i 2Puupane. !M. D. ! ñ9nñ% GMonsarrat in 1877. 16.5 O ēThence ½ ēalong 6EēKamoku Kēēdown the . ) ēē ēēN.W. edge of the 6 ēKapano ÀČēēHUvalley to the f Î ēGovernment ē$$Wēroad, passing 1ē6 "}$ēē9near Kawaonahele's house keepingÍWē straight 6#S0 ÈñTññ ÅññCommencing at a pile of ñ)O ñstones over ñAña cross WñQ3ñcut in ñña stone ñ#ñ2ñ(the same being ē[ēēon across a $ ē:Ĉēside ravine æēWēpētUēcoming in from the .ēLXē²E@ēēNorth (called Keaaku) to a U ñ ññthe point of ## #ññcommencement of æ" ñKaunolu ,ê¹îññÚñSurvey) at the ¸ññedge of kÒ. ññ$ñprecipice a few ē ēred wood ēēpost at ēthe ē ētop of ē´÷ē Xē ēthe North wall of ]"ēthe j¾ P ēPalawai B>ēēCrater at a ñ¿Sñfeet from ñ? ñsea. The 2ã8 &ñÕñboundary runs: ¸ēplace <ē_jJ /u=xēcalled "Pulehuloa," m:ēnear -mä ÚÖ0èu ?ēē ×8Èēē Kealilhananui's house, which red wood 51. (ñ% vñ1'ñdñVñN 87' 20' E true ñ2557 ñ"ñX: ñññ feet along Kaunolu to a pile"ññof ññstones on jñ - *5side hill. ē*>ēpost bears ēS 44°`ē4?ē)ēÿē53' W true (&ē øē8052 feet pē from lastē+ ü ēmentioned Üē ē1# point on ridge. K Thence k/ Thence 2. (ñ YñN 76* '\ñ ñ00' E sñ1'ñtrue 3206 ñ ñfeet along Do ñññ;L/ñS;lº8ñë- ññ¶ Kaunolu to a rock marked with a cross. 17.' ē5S 65°~ē44'ēCēW ^ðētrue 4939.3!4!¤ē ē<Gēfeet along -s9ēKamoku Q ēalong .,ēNorth ē ēedge of ēcrater to K Thence ē7 \ēa point ē ēa little .ē ēēēR ©ēNorth of a cactus clump; 1Þē*%ēĊēý# D 1ēÙ\cmarked by two triangular pits. 3. (ñwñN 54° Eñ ñ17' E UÖñtrue 6694.5 aññfeet ñÐ ñ ñalong Kaunolu passing 2âñ!¬Q\between Maakuia's N Thence 4ññÃñ ñhouse and his sheep ñññpen to a -0ñññ ñññpoint 14 feet East of a Êñrock $9Ùññ ñ with a cross cut 18.( ē5S 46"`ē3!ē19' )ē]ēW true 10141.4& 3ē Tēfeet Gēalong -+EēKamoku Kēdown ēēroad to ¹ēa ēRùē cross cut in ñ9on it. ēa ēstone + ēēamongst a úē ēlot of ēēstones at Tēthe s[ē#ē ē ēformer site of an àËēold MrēHeiau ¼<Ìcalled 4. >ñYñN 56* ]ñ ñ+1 5' E 7944.6 ññ¯0ñ40*ññfeet along Kaunolu to ÆñBñpile of ññstones on , ñSouth ñBedge of y¬ ēēg ºzēl/ "Hi o Lono." Thence fR$.ñPalawai 6 ;<ñ? Crater. Thence 19.! ē'S 72*Ēē48'(ē)ēIēW true &(&ē2080 Ðē ēfeet along ³YqēēēKamoku to head ēDáēof gulch. k Thence §5. (ñïñ]ñ ñVñ=N 53* 14' E true 13359 ñBñfeet "ñ : ñAñ6pqñalong Kaunolu across Crater .ñpassing @ñWest of & 20. ē(ēS 84 ē40'&?ē)ēēe!ēW true 2594 ē ē-ì9ēēēS1ēSē ēfeet along Kamoku to a cross cut in ē$ ē a stone on Rñschool ñññ j3ññhouse to a point on Øp ñm´lñ2&ññterrace marked by a !±³ñMamane rGñJ i post. Thence ,/ēē ēSouth edge of JFgulch. 56. (ñxñ''ñ ñN 44* 00' E Vñtrue 3935 ññfeet ñalong n: ñAñKaunolu across ; ñññterrace to a ñred $wood 3221. ē((S 88° 46'5ē)ēW 1ētrue e !ē ē-9ēKē5225.9 along Kamoku down ēSouth ē ēD Õēēedge of gulch to a ññpost on ñ ñññthe top of a 9* ñhill "*Mñf4ñcalled Puu ÍAlii. Gēstone Z9ēċēªēmarked with cross; ēē ēąÆ"ēē7on edge of gulch a littleXē* ēabove ē* "ē]a branch that 7. (ñN 52'yñ+Eñ ñ7' E ßñtrue 9290 cññfeet ñalong ËñKaunolu ·ñacross !èCñ8ñMaunalei and D W Kululu J ē ēēruns into the +# ēmain =ēgulch oē,ēfrom the "South. ) *&ñññ ñ$Mñvalleys to a red wood ññ ñpost on East ññ ñedge of latter ) &ñvalley. J Thence 22.ē(5S 86"ē'27'aē)ēĀW trueē¥ēÑHē3254 feet ēalong -ßēKamoku v ē,"ēdown South ē ēedge of D=ēgulch ēto a %8. (ñ1cN 20"ðñÌEñ ñÛñr E true 9729.5 ññfeet ñalong ©å ñtñ ñ ñKaunolu down the East ;ññridge of ®äDKalulu ē ē ēLpile of stones (on ēē ē@ēedge of same) 1ēēover a :ēSē éēēcross cut in a large:Óē0ēstone ēto Uthe valley)" &ñrññ µ/ññto a rock on ññedge of valley)C"&ñm /ñmarked ìU ññ with a cross. ^ē ēSouth of 6+ēKaumalapau M>ÅēL,Harbor (theēYē ē ēsame pile of $ēstones *# ē"ē 0ē being the point of 9. >ñzñ^ñ ñàñN 36* 4' E true %+%¨ññ5878.5 feet *ñDÑ:ñññalong Kaunolu to a Mñ$8ñred wood ññpost on seashore. B T0ē ēCommencement of 6+EēñnKamoku survey).%@ ? Thence 423. N ēThence ēalong ēēseashore to B+0Z ēCommencement. O >ēTraverse F ēalong "ēthe $shore ='10. (ñN {ñ1ñ46" 2' 7ñáñ %ñW true 6285 ñ"ñ ñññfeet along seashore to a ñred $ñwood ññ"kT:ñ¥_ñd`post a little N. E * 0ēēÒ being as follows:âv¨ ññ#" ñA»/ñof a small creek Qñ ñ(said post g¼3ññ(ñ <ñ Ô ññ! N<ñ? being at N. E. corner of Maunalei). Thencei 1. ē'S 27*00'{ē&&ē)ēW Iēdbtrue 1,2123ē feet. =b11. ,ñ %S 28* [ñ7ñÞñ'27' W true 10676+ññfeet ñ!ç -ñ ñ ñññ Çññalong Maunalei up slope to a pile of stones 22. ēS 22*Ďē'aē¯ēIē57' E true !5915¢ē ēfeet íēBç to Commencement. on a hiD called "Wawaeku." ññÄCRñ " ñZ@$/ | Anē!3!ēArea 5945.19 A ēAcres. = 12. ,ñ}ñ1^ñ7ñS 6* 25' W Üñtrue 9370+'ññfeet ñ!4*N.ñ ñÀ ññalong Maunalei up gulch of @ª/ ñññ 8Waiakapua to a red ° āV ē ēExclusive of AĉÄ ēAwards. $ñwood ññ##ññpost on summit of ña hill °ñcalled Z7 b~ñJ "Wahane." Thence %ē*%ēSurveyed by ;«2ēM.D. ; QbēA$$# ēMonsarrat, Assistant qnTransla(lott %>9ic?;qExecuted 5U;qand PWk@;q8lqP@q5eq-6O6qWSqmoved by me at Lahaina on cD@qthe eDqq29th & cDq;6mqWBq17th day of 3@Ydq 2 qSept. A.D. q! q1877. $WPPI^qoqCommis M ēf ï0ēHawaiian Government Surveyăò%ē _JWT@[qWBq+T ñ53 54 ağOn ,F ğMarch Z[ğ23, )(¦ ğ´ ğ,Wğ1866, Walter M. "&ğGibson /ğapplied ğto ğthe ²ğMinister mğ ğof the # &ğInterior, _XğµXğF. W. B o%ğØğ ğHutchinson, for a ğğlease on ğthe Iğ<ğğgovernment lands on ï¸ ğ;iğ ğLana'i, including lands ğčx ċğğin Kaunolu and î 6ğ¶!:ğKalulu. With ğhis ÊĂ ğ"ğ >ğ ğê ğ ğ2 ğ HğğÖ application, Gibson submitted a sketch map, included here as figureGğ(ğ6. Cğ 1 N ğIn compliance $with ğďğü ğ#ğyour request I ğhave *ğthe honorğğ ğğto lay before ğ7 à Ğthe Depart ğ ğ ğment, a statement respecting Rğ`ÐğGovernment D3ğğlands on ®Â6ğLanai. ³ğ ğèğThere are six Pğğahupuaas of 2ğuÝğğland belonging to `Ñj2ğğGovernment on ğthe 8 ğisland, E§ğ >ğb å%ğ /ğ¾ ğ ğnamed: Kamao, Paawili, Kealia, Kalulu, Kaunolu, ğand >r¨ğ KLğKamoku; comprising ğabout ¡¥+++ğ Sğ24,000 acres, ė!ßğğwith a vRğğ)+population of 80ğ ğpersons. ]ÉğAbout ğone q 'ğğ$âğeighth of this Đ ğğğ ğğ08©ğ 4o ğsurface is good arable "dry" land; perhaps ğone halfe=ğğis O4ğğğ ğnğmore or less adapted for ·ĝL\ğ8ğz ğ?»grazing; and the remainingğ 5ğ %ğthree eights, ğthe ăğğğ àğ Tğportion bordering on the beach, ğ ğan utter 9 ğğbarren waste. #ğOğ / @ğI made application ğ ğto the 7 FĈğğDepartment in a ğ)(Zğ ğğgğğ ğOctober 1862 to lease all of these <£ ğ,ğlands. My «ðğ -<ğFeeling myself Ùąğğfortified by ğ F ğa guarantee Úğ ğfrom the 7 D Î Uğ#ğDepartment, I ğproceeded AS ğ Mjğò \ğ ğto make improvements; to ğenclose 0 ğ$pğğlands with stone Ĕğwall, ğto Mğmake ğroads, % ~ !ğconstruct ĕ / #ğğāğğ/ÔI beg to be informedþğ&mğif the ğ"GovernmentÒğ landsğ2ğ! Kğin this ğisland ğhave beenğğrented v. v / y I V A ğ ğ^ğ . ğor leased. A certain 1Æğğnumber of natives$ēğwhom 1ğ#ğI ğ3ğ ğĉ Rğnğopposed in their destruction of "Figure 2- 5 5' / !5(,5* 5픛$.+)56: Sketch map of Lana'i by W. M. Gibson, 45May 523, 5%501866 (Hawaii State1 5 !#3 .5Archives). ğñ QğäÇÈğğ'ğthe little shrubbery of the eğ3ğisland, in .ğğorder to rğ make charcoal, ğ !ğ$pğ! ğassert that the Dğğqğ land is in their çğ ğpossession, 8ğand have ğÍ ğ ğé ğğğattempted to subject me to ağk ğ¿ğgreat deal ğù ğof annoyance. Cğ úzğ90ğ÷ğ'ğI cannot believe in the Ċ *ğğ:5ğtruth of their H@ğassertion $ ğthat ğğN-ğ ğsuch a lease has been-3ğ Tğğğğ'ğ 0ğmade, in view of the pledge ÜGğğğğýğgiven to me by your ğ;2ğÕpredecessor in office, ğ &ğhis ,½QWğMajesty. CğÀğQğ ğgğûğğI am not at all anxious to ğ tğlease all $:ğ"lğ ğğí ¹ğthe Government lands on Lanai. d*ğThe 9ĎMğyğ ğ= %ğ 5ğLğ ğËbulk of these lands, comprised in the districts~ !ĀğEğ ğ 0named Kaunolu, Kalulu ğ ğand () )) Crown Land of Kalulu,%%) )Lanai. 33 ')Hawaii State !)& ) " ) $#) Archives, Interior Department Lands. 55 %} 7ĥKamoku, can ĥ&ĥ*ĥ Ĉğĥ&,ĥ ĥĆ(ĥbe better utilized by the native ĥĥresidents at Mĥpresent, GĥSĥY ĥand I should ŖŖiho oe ŖŖŖ +ŖŖŖ ŖŖ àŖiloko o keia hana a e hoike koke mai Ŗi ŖfŖabout this = ¢Ŗrequest. 7 ŖŖThere is #ą 0Ŗattached, Ŗa /ÁcWĥĜĥwaive any ĥTĥpretensions I ,ĥmay (ĥKĥhave in $ĥĥ:¦ĥrespect to them; & ĥbut ĥthe >ĥsmaller \ ĥlands Ŗkou 'ŖŖhĞŖmanao e pili ŖŖana no íŖ±Ŗkana noi, Ŗ hŖKe hooili j/(Ŗ Ŗ($Ŗsketch that shows Ŗthe location/?ŖŖz Ŗ' £Ŗof the lands. ĥ ĥ.sĘ?ĥ ĥ of Kamao, Paawili, and Kealia,!-ĥ/ 2 ĥ÷ ĥwhich comprise ĥĥabout one > ĥĥfourth of ĥ8( ĥthe Govt, Ŗia đ Ŗ Ŗ Ŗk6Ŗaku nei he kii, Ŗ +ŖŖŖe hoomaopopoana i ka VŖIt ŖŖ4Ŗ/# EŖ / Ŗis not an accurate sketch but Ŗ* ŖŖgives a œgen Pĥ4ĥ+ĥĥ-ĥĥ:ĥ{Kĥ,ĥěĥ ĥlands, I desire to lease, as they adjoin my own lands. F Ŗwaiho ŖŖŖ¾¡ŖT ŖŖ ŖēŖGŖana o na Aina. Aole no he kii pololei u! Ŗeral .Ŗrendering.2´ ½ OĥHï3ĥdĥú&)ăĥæĥ )ĥ ĥýĥYour Excellency will observe in the rough draft ĥTĥmap I *Øĥĥ6 ĥ4*ÿNĥleft at the Interior ŖŖloa aka ŖiŖma ke !īŖano nNŖŖnui no .nae.1² UvgĥOffice, thatYĥ ĥFĥĥthe lands of .sė2ĥGĥ 0ĥPawili and Kealia ĥare LĥČWĥenclosed between ^3ĥĥmy lands 61 4!Hawaii 6State//6 , 3.6Archives, &/ Interior *,6+-1% '06()"6Department Book, *#2% 6Volume 12:251-252. 6 ĥ.#!ĥ9 ĥ 1ĥof Palawai and Kealia ĥKapu. ĥ ĥĥKamao is a &AĂ* ĥbarren Ā>hĥcorner, 53'ĥ#) ĥ,ĥlying between my 62 -'.66$56Trans. K. Maly. Fĥ. ĒE2?ĥlands Palawai, <ĥ Iĥĥand the leased ĥ% ĥD )Wĥland Kaohai. There ĥ ĥare not ĥ6 Fĥ Çĥĥmore than half a &*xŖÍ ŖGovernor Nahaolelua ĭ ŖŖreplies to Ł#ŖŖ ŖGulick with the t%Ŗ Ŗ3"Ŗfollowing, dated May @¹%Ŗ³º¸µŖ28, 1873, $ /(Ŗwhich ĠĥÌ! ĥ+zĥĥdozen families residing on ĥôĥCĥĥthese small lands, and ĉĥĥlittle or ĥ$no stock[ĥ ĥY*}?ĥupon them, {Ŗessentially Ŗ Ŗ Ŗ Ŗasks that the lease Į= Ŗrequest "Ŗby gŖŖGibson be ŖŖŖdenied so as ŖŖnot to * Ŗdeprive )9ŖĹńúŖthe natives ĥand ,ĥ3ĥĥ*ì3ĥ ĥĥthey may be properly detached from 6:ĥĥthe bulk ĥ ĥ8đ ĥof the Govt, 9 ĥ ĥlands on ĥthe Ŗ##ŖŖof access to Ŗthe ; ¤Ŗlands. X , ŖNahaolelua áŖplainly expressesŐ Ŗ> Ŗthat &ŖŖŖ Gibson is an untrustworthyL "Ŗ VÔĥ Jĥĥ6 ĥ A-ĥWestern half of the island, ēÞIĥ ĥ$ ! ĥwhere the chief part Nĥĥ6 ĥof the _ĥpopulation 1resides. ĥ ùň Lç.Ŗindividual. &ĤŖ ŖGibson had õ ŖŖclaimed no Ŗ> _ŖŖmore than a ŒsŖhalf-dozen ìŖ families resided ŖŖ) Ŗ' ¼Ŗon the lands; SĥĊ ĥI trust ĥthat ĥsome ü ĥ{ `ĥJĥequitable adjustment of ĥthese GĥĚĥ ĝĥĥlands will shortly be made,ĥ $*w-Ŗhowever, X MŖ"Ŗ ŖNahaolelua says that "quite= ŖŖĥM ŖŖ{* Ŗ,ČŅûŖŖ Ŗ,+ -Ŗa number of natives" live on the lands, $ Ŗ who wouldŀ Ŗ ĥ4ĥĥĥĥand I beg to be wĥzĥnotified respecting ĥany contemplatedĥÒÆĥĥ: ^ĥ,ĥĥdisposal of them by lease NŖ Ŗø Ŗthus be dispossessed l Ŗshould ŖGibson #= Ŗ)eŖacquire the ĕ¥Ŗlease. ĥ ĕĥQ ĥor otherwise . .. ÐŖ,ŖUa loaa <Ŗmai ia'u|Ŗ Ŗ! 8ŖŖŖŖ@¶Ŗkau palapala o ka la 26 ÂŖ I # * Ŗreceived your" Ŗ ŖŖletter of K Ŗthe @· Ŗ "ŖŖ26th day of .@ĥmĥ!ĥ ĥĥP.S. It is proper to +ĥ ĥ4ĥ (ĥĥ =(ĥĥ mention that I have made improvements on Kamao, 7ĥ.tĖ]CĥPawili, Ŗ0 Ŗ 8 Ŗ Ŗ;:Ŗ!ŖŖŖZ;Ŗnei malama e pli ana i ka Palapala noi ŖŖa ćŖ %Ŗthis month, Iĺ*üŖŖrelative to the Ŗ `?ŖŖapplication of ĥand %È]7ĥKealia, ĥ!ĥand it #Ďĥ&ĥĥHĥJĥNwould be an act of grossĥ Mê _$ĥ# XĥSĥĥĥ ĥinjustice were I to be dispossessed D¦W. &Gibson Ŗ Ŗ"e ďÜ Ŗhoolimalima ÝŖkekahi Ŗmau +aina D§W. %Ŗ ŖŖGibson, "to lease ŖĖ4 Ŗsome lands ŖB41on Lanai," ĥĥ(A;ĥĥof the advantages to beĥ)O+ďĥderived Ûĥ ĥd ĥfrom them, without being&çÜĥ\5#ĥĥĥallowed a proper ŖC!Ŗma Lanai" ŖŖ;eia ko lakou Ŗ ŖÄo-ŖÆÙ mau inoa, Kamao, (Ŗthese beingrŖ c:wŖtheir ! PŖnames, <ŖKamao, [ŋPawili, ċù3ĥĥopportunity to >ĥKĥ$ĥenter into competition ĥèĥfor leasing ĥ9 ĥthe lands ĥupon which/àH ĥąĥthe Z~ Ŗ + %Ŗ s 0Ŗ Ŗ è|5 ¨Pawili, Kealia, Kaunolu, ame Kalulu. 80ŖKealia, ŖKaunolu ! Ŗand RKalulu. 'ö(ĥXĥ ĥ Ğĥ ĥ(!#ĥJĥ ĥĥíimprovements are situated, especially in view of the solemn pledgeĥ'Đĥ^ĥgiven me TŖ ŖŖA ke olelo :ŖŖmai nei Ŗi Ŗ ŖŖka wa ia ÉŖL \<Kame-Q ¿ ŖŖAnd that MŖ Ŗduring the Ktime Ŗ Ŗthat ÊSŖ QL Kame- by,ĥ ĥthe 4;1ĥInterior j` Department.34¡¢ ! dŖhameha Ŗke ! Kalaiaina,-Ŗ LŖua Ŗae ĢijŖmai Ŗoia iaŖ Ŗ Ŗhameha had the ŖVIJį%Ŗ(ŖInterior, he Ŗhad / Ŗconsented Ŗaina Ŗ2<êŖka Hoolimalima Ŗi Ŗ ŖĪŖua mau aina 0ŖĽŖnei, ua Ŗ Ŗthat he Ŗwas Ŗ Ŗto get Ŗthe lease ŖŖof Ŗsaid .Ŗlands. pololei kela mau olelo, maanei au e hoakaka That statement is true. Here I will explain ºĥd<ĥThe following ĥcorrespondences detail yLĥ6 ĥthe ĥĥ1Bĥ(āĥmatter of leasing government ĥ ĥo¿ ĥlands on Lana'i Ŗ Ŗ OŖ, Ŗ Ŗ ŖóŖ âãŖ 7(ŖI Ŗ Ŗļ .Ŗ2 ŖÃŖŌŖ ŏŖ ai ina kumu i nele ai o Gibson i ua mau aina the reasons why Gibson was refused said ĥk Qĥto Gibson, DxĥÚĥ0ĥĥThe first is from ª ĥD ĥ8 ?ĥChas. T. Gulick, 4 1ĥj` ĥþhĥĥ. ĥ¹À)a-ĥInterior Department clerk, to P. Nahaolelua, ŖġŖ OŖŖŖŖŖ ŖŖ Ŗ OŖŖ ŖŖ "Ŗ Ŗ$ŖvĂ Ŗ Ŗ nei i i ka wa i noho Moi iho nei of Kame- lands during the time that Kamehameha V ĥ(Õĥĥ¶a ĥÍĥEĥthe governor of Maui and regards 6 ĥthe $ !=Ąĥ×ĥl &;ĥreceipt of Gibson's ñÑ';ĥD ĥapplication. The $ ĥ" ĥattached sketch oHŖŖ ŖŖ}ŖŖŖWėŖ6 Ŗ GŖŖ Ŗ ıŖ Ŗ?m Ŗ Ŗ 9 ÕŖÒŖ hameha V. was King. ćĥ ĥ! $ mentioned is includedĥ ĥĥwÝĥ£ ĥhere as figure 7. ŖÓ©Ŗ ŖȪŖ ÑŖÅUa lohe9 ŖŖ Ŗt\Ŗ îŖŖD«Ŗka moi ina hana a W. &Ŗ ŖGibson, ma 7 Ŗ The ŖKing Ŗ ŖŖ(Ŗ Ŗ had heard after that what GibŔŖ Ŗ Ŗ ¬Ŗia hope mai. UŖEia Ŗka -Ŗ[ ĈŖŖ5Ŗmua, Puhi ae la Ŗ Ŗo Gibson son had done. This is the first: Gibson set rĥĥ'ĥ ĥĥUa loaa mai i ke ;ĥ Cĥ ĥKeena nei, he palapala uĥ » ĥThere /ĥwas $+cĥreceived ĥat ĥthis Uv$7ĥOffice, ĥan Ŗ Ŗ Ŗ7(ŖŖ ŖJ»Ŗ&ĦŖŖ ŖŖ 6ŖŖ1 ke ahi a Ŗpau ŖĒ ŖŖ ŖŖŖŖŖloa aku ka mauu o ka aina i ĀýŖŖ ŖăŖŖ Ŗ Ŗ Ŗ}ŖëŖfire to the grass on the land and was all ĥĥnoi na Vu)ĥWalter · O,ĥMurray k+& ĥGibson e 2=)fĥ(Kipekona) 2$_ ĥapplication ĥfrom V)>ĥWalter ¸a,ĥMurray 8 ĥGibson ka a ia e ka ahi. A olelo iho la o Gibson i burntłĴŖ Ŗ"Ŗup by K Ŗthe JvH%Ŗ) Ŗfire, then gGibsonŖöŖŖsaid to ĥ IÃÓĥe makemake <ĥĥana e ðÊĥ ĥĥ yĥhoolimalima i ke kahi e%2=* f?ĥ(Kipekona), éĥĥdesiring to ĥlease ĥĥ ĥsome of the ŖŖŖŖŖĉ.Ŗ ½ŖŖğŖŖŖ ŖŖ '^ŖŖB+Ŗ Ŗkanaka o Lanai he Ŗmea E~éŖŖjŖwaiwai ole ka 2'ŖHanai ythe ŖĻņ ŖŖnatives of B'0Ŗ)Lanai, that(Ŗ ŖŊŖŖ ŕŖthere was no ben ĥ¨ĥmau Aina Rb ~ĥĥAupuni ma o ! ĥ¬ĥ[ĥ ĥLanai. Eia ko lokou l(Ö ĥGovernment ´ĥLands ĥon µÂĥLanai. ®OĥHere Ïĥare 5 ŖŖŖholoholona, o ka ßŖmahiai ŖŖoia ka Ŗmea waiwai F6$Ŗ JŖā ŖŖefit from raising ÖpĊ 1Ŗanimals, dŖþïŖŖthat farming is ĥ°¤ĥmau inoa: Cĥ.ę-ĥKamao, Pawili, ÉĥR +-ĥKealia Aupuni, x ĥtheir ¥ĥnames: 7ĥ.¾/ ]ĥ%'ĥ§Kamao, Pawili, Kealia Aupuni, ~ĥ o Ŗka ŖŖŖ(ŖģŖ+aina a a he mea hooikaika ŖŖno ŖŖhoi ia i what will enrich the land, and will make the % | ĥKaunolu 9ĥame 9 \ ĥTĥ"ĥ/ĥ ĥpĥ%ġKalulu. I ke wa ia L Kame % 5 ĥKaunolu Mĥ% b5 ĥand Kalulu. RĥAt :ĥĥthe time ĥpĥthat L $9ĵŖōŖ/ Ŗ aŖ Ŗq ŖŎŖ ^Ŗ) Ŗ ŖkŖŖ ŖäŖŖ Ŗke kino o ke kanaka a he ŖŖmea no ŖŖhoi ia e body "ŖŖof Ŗ Ŗ)Ŗ Ŗ , ŖŖthe person strong, and would be hameha ĥĥ Kiĥ ĥke Kalaiaina, ua ĥ'ĥĥ ĥâ ĥae mai no oia iaia %Kamehameha ĥ#ĥ:ĥwas the q+ĥĥMinister of ĥ4 Ģthe Inte nui Ŗai ŖŖ _ ŖÛrŖŖŖĎ.ŖĘŖð Ŗka hanau ana a na keiki. I a lohe ana aŖ 4ŖŖ ŇŖŖ5ĶŖÿŖ`Ćl Ŗx®Ŗthe means of having a lot of children born. ĥ[ĥ |2Ëĥ0ĥ ĥno ka hoolimalima i ua t ĥ ĥ2ĥmau aina nei, ĥa !gĥ ĥĥĥĥ ĥ ĥĥZPĥrior, he agreed to lease the lands to him, o !Ŗkanaka Ŗ Ŗ, Ŗ$ Ŗia mau olelo lawe æŖŖaku la lakouåĬ Ŗnina ÔGŖŖWhen the *bŖ Ŗnatives heard Ŗ 1Ŗthese words, őŖthey ĥmahope 1 ĥĥĥĥiho o kona pa <ĥĥĥ"ĥana a me ka ĥhana ĥ ĥ 0ĥ ĥshould he build the walls/óĥĥ0ĥat appropriate ĝŖŖ Ŗ Ŗhipa e kuai me ŖŖ ÚcĐŖ iĄGibson he mahina hookah! Ŗ) btook theirİŖ ŖŖ ĠŖŖ sheep to sell to Gibson¯Ŗ Ŗand inqŖ AMĥ ĥĥ" ĥĔEZĥĥ95b ĥĥ"ĥana i ke kau wahi pono maluna o ka Pĥaina, Hĥĥplaces on ĥthe land. Bĥ © ĥ/ ;ĥ ĥBut when he &Aĥbecame ŖŖa oi Ŗ]Ŗ Ŗ,ŖħŖÁŖŖ&ae paha nui loa na Hipa a Gibson, -Ŗ-aka, IŖone Ŗmonth ŖŖand a : Ŗlittle *%Ŗover, ŖGibson Ŗhad "-ĥaka, ĥ ĥ ĥõĥi kona noho alii F7ĥ ĥ Iĥana, ua hoonele -ĥia, ³ĥ8+ĥ#ĥKing, Gibson was !cĥĥ ĥdeprived of the ĥ8 &ģright. Gib ŖŖaole i ÞĜċŖ Ŗmahiia ua ʼnE wahi ŖŖŖ Ŗnei i pau ŖŖ Ŗ i ke ahi, ua ęplentyĨ"ŖŖ PŖ Ŗof sheep, but Ŗthe Ě×# Ŗplace which # Ŗ Ŗhad ĥĥn= ĥrĥ# ĥ ĥ!ĥ ĥ +ĥĥua o Kipekona. Ua waiho pu mai no hoi o ĥson ĥhas ĥ ĥòsent the application ĥĥ@ ĥto Stephen ñ Ŗ36Ŗlohe Moi Ŗ Ŗ 4Ŗi keia hana &Gibson. R Ŗbeen ŃŖ Ŗburnt was yŖnot # ?*cultivated, %Ŗ > Ŗthe ŖKing 0="ĥãĥëĥ5ĥKipekona i ka palapala ĥ@ ĥ@* iĥa Stephen Spencer, @)*-ĥXSpencer, secretary,ĥĥof ĥq *ĥĥmĤthe Minister of Inte u Ŗheard Ŗ)eŖof these ŖŖdoings of SŖGibson. "ĥÄ ûLĥĥ"ĥ±č 'ĥ%ke kakauolelo a ke Kuhina Kalaiaina 51 ĥĥß1ĥe hooia N0>ĥ# ĥøĥrior, who confirms ĥthat ĥn<ĥĥĥthe King agreed to UŖEia !fŖ Ŗ ŖŖ ŖŖkekahi ua olelo o Gibson i Ŗ2 na Hoa- AŖHere isŖ+ķ Ŗ&Ŗĸanother, Gibson told5÷Ŗ> Ŗthe HmòŖmembers Å ĥÎĥ ĥ² "Bĥ ĥ"ĥĥaku ana ia Kipekona i ka ae anaĥĥ"ĥ¯ĥo ke 'lii, 'oiai 0ĥ 'ĥ# ĥ ĥit when he #ĥ'Bĥ ĥwas in the Ù$ĥ¼åĥoffice Will 3 ĥLĥyou please hanau ' ŖŖŖA pŖ3 ĩŖôŖ$Ŗ Ŗo ka Hoomana Molemona e lawe mai Ŗof ) Ŗ3 Ŗthe Mormon ÏŖReligion Ŗon Kauai, Y %ŖOahu, ĥ/EĥĥÐĥBĥĥ"ĥUäkona wa e noho ana ma ka Oihana.<Qĥ«ĥ GĥE nana ĥlook ĥinto Zĥthis ĥand îĥĥtell me # ĥwhat 3 ĥáĥyou think Ŗi Ŗko Ç ŖŖY] 0ŖWŖKauai, ko Oahu, Molokai, ÌN1Ŗ2$ŖMaui, Hawaii ËěŖMolokai, 3Maui,Ŀ1Ŗ' ŖA$FčŖŖ#ľŖ "Ŗand Hawaii, to secure money 34Hawail State Archives, Interior Department Lands. ŖŖÀ8ŖŖi no Dala no ŖĔŖ'ØŖŖŖŖ Ŗke kuai ana i ka aina ma C'ŖLanai zŖto "Ŗbuy ŖŖCŖland on Lanai, ŖŖthat is Î !°ŖPalawai. &Gib- 57 58 ŋ!= 7J*ŋ9ŋia Palawai, no ŋi ŋŋka Ekalesia ka L ŋ"ŋolelo ana ŋĀŇa Gib ŋ ŋ son said itŋŋŋwas to Oŋŋbelong to ĸŋÀM'ö:ŋthe Religion ŋOŋ( ŋson no lakou ŋua 8Pŋaina CŋWŋ ŋ ŋ"ŋ *ŋnei, aka i ka hana nae, @ŋand İŋŋ+-ŋ ŋto be their land, ŋbut ŋŋwhen the 2ŋ%ŋdeed of o ŋ! = ŋ ŋŋŋka Palapala Kuai o ua Øŋ ŋŋ!(8*aina nei o Palawai, 7 ŋ ŋuŋsaid land of ! ( ŋPalawai wasŋ ŋmade Cŋout, Ħonly ŋ I 0 ŋ ŋ$ ŋ ŋka inoa wale no ŋ ŋ ŋo Gibson kai Ŀ ŋkakauia ma ŋGibson's äŋŋname was ņij),ŋwritten ŋŋon the ŋdeed, ŋ! (ŋ 8ŋŋka Palapala Kuai ame ŋ. {Ċ¨ŋkona Hooilina. U Nele @ŋŋand to ŋïŋÃŋT ŋhis heirs. The Mormon Áĝ'÷ ŋŋReligion had ! < Pr ,y "# iho la ka Ekalesia Molemona, ma keia mau nothing. Because of these smart doings of & $%& ăŋMŋŋ° ŋT ^ŋŋ ŋ ,ğŋg#ŋHŋ Iŋ0-ŋĉŋ%ŋ ŋhana > ŋŋakamai a ,ŋ ŋGibson i ŋhaule $ ]ŋŋ malna o ka ŋGibson, > 2ŋú#ŋand which ðí ŋ ŋŋfell upon the .'J ŋHawaiian a lÐ ŋ² +RLahui Hawaii. UNation, 6ŋŋŋ 3~doubt was enteredŋ ,ŋŋ 'ŋinto the King's •*« jo Åŋ ŋ ŋ>9ŋUa komo ka manao " ŋ+ ŋŋŋkanalua iloko o ka ģ}ŋ%ŋ1 ŋJĺŋ5mind of this distress havingY}ŋñÏ( Aŋ ŋ|ŋfallen on some A s ¼ ŋ ŋ ŋMoi no ka ŋhaule "ŋana Ąŋŋ 'ŋiho o keia ŋmau Ģŋpilikia Hŋ?ŋŀof his subjects,#*ŋŋthat ŋŋ ŋis the reason why ŋ /ňGib & rn ŋŋ3üŋŋmaluna o kekahi o :ŋkona ŋW P6ŋmau makaainana, 9ŋŋ ŋson was without ŋL@Eŋany land. CO ĕŋŋoia ke Ĕļŋ ŋkumu i Ėŋ8ŋŋ / ŋ ŋnele ai o Gibson i ŋka oÉŋ bŋaina ole. US Ha kekahi hana akamai a Gibson i hana Here is another smart doing of Gibson / CVJ ±ŋ &+ŋ ŋã ŋŋ ŋ ŋ :ŋ ´3ŋ ŋ A-ŋ ŋ ŋ%ŋ ŋ 'V, T: IK 0æŋmai ŋŋŋŋ» cŋe ka poe o Lanai. 8ŋKuai 4&ŋiho ŋŋ / ŋnei o Gibson û#ŋwhich ŋQwas reportedŋ/by ŋŋthe ŋ%ŋ<$ ' ŋpeople of Lanai. s ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋŋM {ŋ ŋ1 ka aina ia Kaa a lilo ia āŋēŋpŋia kukulu aku ] ŋªŋnei i ŋŋGibson bought ŋ "ŋòŋthe land of `ŋKaa, ŋand ŋit beʼn I g ŋ!ŋ ŋŋZ:ŋF+ŋŋ ŋlrŋka Pa i ua aina nei o Kaa. Lawe zŋ,+ŋ ŋaku nei ka #áŋø came his,ŋŋGAŋŋa pen was ć1ŋŋ4ŋbuilt on said :ŋ%ŋland of \ .Yŋ=ŋ ŋHipa ana i kŋ|çŋ¿ L= ŋÝŋKaa mai Palawai aku ŋpau ŋpu $yŋaku *ŋKaa, 1&3,ŋŋ ŋthen he took &?ŋŋŋhis sheep to ŋKaa õŋfrom I o ,4ŋ ŋŋnei me ka Xŋŋ Üŋŋŋhipa a Kanaka, a komo ŋŋiloko o ! Î Palawai,ŋ1&ŋthe B?5ŋnative ŋ)sheep wentŋ6ŋtoo, "ŋ Ŋand en s SU. ŋ!ŋka Pa ŋ ŋŋAĩo Kaa a nohoŋÆw ŋilaila. h\ŋElua Ñŋ _ŋpaha pule, ŋBtered theŋŋŋpen at ŋKaa "ŋ Úŋ1ĭŋand remained there ėŋlawe ŋÔŋ ŋhou mai Kaa ĵŋmai ŋÿŋ ŋ!( ŋKŋa hiki i Palahai, hui ŋĻŋabout two )) dŋweeks. V;ŋThen 1Ithey ŋ ŋ ŋwere taken ŋhou 0ŋ ŋme ka µŋŋHipa a > $ŋŋkanaka a ŋkomo ŋhou Ć ŋiloko ×@ŋóŋkŋagain from Kaa ŋ!=('ŋto Palawai, ı)they ŋĤ2ŋmixed Ûŋagain =5 o Mŋkeia `ŋpa, ºsŋ ŋike aku 9 ŋnei ;'ŋkanaia ¶ŋ ŋi [ka lakou ńŋŋwith the ÍBKnatives'ŋŋ> ŋsheep and ŋagain O)ŋentered ,A S ?ŋaia Çħ ŋŋŋiloko o ka !ŋŋŋPa me ko ŋ³ ŋ ġlakou Hoailona, kii ŋ ¡ŋthat pen. Vŋ 5)ŋŋŋ -ŋThe natives saw that theirs wereŋ •4- p o ŋaku ŋŋ I ŋnei e hoihoi ŋmai, ( ŋ n ŋ7Ķŋolelo maikai mai ·la 2ŋIGŋ inside the pen,ŋ?;ŋČŋ - having their marks.¢ŋ ÄThey ŋ 3 (A T3 ŋŋno o CŋGibson, 3 ŋ &Rŋpela iho. !êěĐnŋPilikia ŋ ŋwau i keia Ńî9ŋHŋwent after ŋŋ/them to bringQ Aŋ)0ŋthem #£ŋ /ŋback. Gibson V > I ŋmanawa )ŋèĘŋŋe holo ana Ľŋ ŋwau i <$ĈŋŋÈLahaina a hiki 'ŋ5said very ŋĥ# ŋŋnicely to &06ŋ ŋŋ4 them, wait a while,ŋ¸Iŋâŋam 7 s F Êŋvŋm ;ŋkeia i Lahaina 346ŋŋLŋnei, a hala ùŋkekahi ŋmau la busy/ ŋ DŋSŋ$0ŋċŋIJŋmnow, I am going to Lahaina.Ò'Odŋ®ŋAnd ) ŋwhen holo aku la keia i Honolulu a hala kekahi he got to Lahaina, and some days passed, ,'Jy f < § Ë ŋ ŋ ŋ F ŋ ŋ. ŋŋ ŋ Ó ŋŋĨŋĜ oŋ ŋŋ ŋ*ŋ 0 ŋmau ŋla Õ(ŋmalaila ŋ ŋa hoi $ (ŋmaila đŋpŋkii aku ŋ la ka ŋŋtPŋŋ.P (Eŋthen he went to Honolulu. f ŋuŋAnd after ŋsome / 1 mea hipa a hookuuia maila na makua ale days were passed there, he came back. The y cl ŋXĪŋŋz ŋ (ŋŋ yŋ[ 2 ŋr-ŋŋ~*ŋŋ#åŋ#¤ŋVŋ * t tn t i* ŋno ŋŋ ŋka mea i 8N 7 ŋŋŋŋąŋhoailonaia a o na keiki ŋÞpaa aku Ņŋowner %ŋof 1&ŋthe ŋsheep went ŋŋto getŋK*ŋ"ŋhis, and .V ŋ ŋ!6ŋiloko ka Pa, ŋÖŋŋ ŋaka aia no i <xŋ ŋŋ ŋv FLanai ka poe i ike ]Ğonly ŋ&ŋqthe parent ŋŋýéŋsheep which 2ŋhad ŋqďthe markŋ ft 4- * i 4 S ęŋĂ ŋYŋia Gibson i ŋ"ŋka hana Epenei. ŋwas _ŋreleased, $ ŋBand the&ŋ3ŋGŋ ŋ ŋewes were kept in ŋthe o. bŋpen. gDŋBut, they ŋ ŋare still ŋ,ŋ<"xŋŋon Lanai who ŋsaw . "V Gibson doing this. & / ŋ ŋ Rŋ v PL, \ " ' *• & re Nolaila he hai wale aku no keia i ko'u Therefore, I am only letting you know UĚ4 ŋŋ 7'ŋ $ ŋ ľŋŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ Â%*ŋ jŋ $ŋ ŋ \1 ŋ ŋĒŋ £ I 0"+Dŋmanai, ŋ ,ŋ ŋaole kupono keia .ŋHoa .ĠàŋHoolimalima whatŋ¹ŋI þŋthink, ŋŋNthat the leaseŋŋto &Kŋ%\ ŋthis fellow t ŋ ŋ +ŋŋčs ŋN) ŋŋŋke aeia mai nae keia olelo a ka ŋ +ŋmea iaia įŋis ;Ĺunsatisfactory.H #Į¥ŋ j%ŋIf ķXŋQthis report,aŋ5ìDŋhowever, ju is acceptable to the one in authority over Z '2 • Ďŋ ŋŋ ŋka mana o keia ŋ ŋ ŋŋ ŋhana oia hoi o ke & ,ŋKuhina ŋ## ŋŋŋ ŋ+ŋĴ ŋ5-ŋ N Zŋ©ŋKalaiaina "E.O.hEŋ½ŋ. N ŋHall." ŋŋ Łŋŋ ŋŋA he nui no ka poe #ŋ Ĭ^ŋsuch matters, ŋ athat is,ŋŋTthe Minister : G-ŋ%ofŋŋthe 0! kanaka o Lanai e noho ana maluna o keia Interior, "E.O. Hall." And there are quite $ Ìŋŋ<; ŋŋ ŋ ŋ ŋŋ wŋ S@-'Cŋie¾eŋ. cŋ f ŋŋ-ŋ īJŋ g, ŋÙmau aina,*ŋ ŋaka ŋhe ßŋmahalo ŋ ŋ / ŋZŋau ia Gibson i ŋka 7ŋ ŋa number %ŋof B 5ŋnatives [ łŋliving ŋŋon these "¦ŋlands. il "ŋW4hana akamai.1« ¯ŋBut Sŋ2ŋëI do admiretŋ ŋôQŋGibson for 9ŋŋbeing so 0§ŋsmart,2¬ (1 &("$(Hawaii Stale %Archives. ( #Interior ( "$(Department !(Lands. (2 Trans. ( ('K.MaIy.( 59 60 ($è0TįGovernor È įħ į!tįįNahaolelua writes again to ·Ě į į½Ėįaį§cG2įGulick on June 5, 1873. ¾ĮĮĮko'u manai oia ĮÍĮmau aina 0Į( Įeono, Elua Gă iĮHaneri Į ĮL Įproper rent for .6Į7pĮthese six avĮ ëĮlands, according \"ĮĮDala i Įka " îuĮĮĮmakahiki, a o Įna "MĮ Įaina hou i Įkoe Į&Į <ãwĮĮto my belief, is !Į] ĮTwo Hundred \ ĮDollars -Įper hįįUa loaa mai įw į į ÑSįį įįEįia'u kau palapala o ka la 2, ÎYį}į"įXįE į37įMįYour letter of the 2nd day of eY5į įJune was ĮjĮno ka ûÒÿĮĮhoolimalima mua, ª Į:Ôà ĮElua Haneri õĮia. ¶öĮOia Āxannum, and for the Ă remaining lands for Įthe o e,įJune nei, įįõįį į įį įua ike au i na mea i >4įÔ haiia mai. $įlį-į įįreceived, and I note what is į 9į-į įēįsaid. It is true tĮĮSĮko'u manao. . . 1 ç Įfirst leaseĮ!ĮTwo G ĮHundred. ! ĮThat Įis Įwhat ®Į! Jį į į į įįįį%įyį ÒHe nui io no ka poe e noho ana ma kekahi &įVį~į{ėįį Y?ãį"į) įthat there are quite a number of persons think.2 o į įkeia mau Úįįaina o AO 8įį 8įKalulu, ame Kaunolu, a #1 !įliving įon į"įsome of @ įthese 5 įlands "įof įKalulu 1 23WX .Hawaii State4G zCRUHArchives, "jGuTointerior{ Gr4uGk e2kD Department Lands. į<Ĥ 4įma Pawili L į? įBįįįyįkekahi mau mea, a o Kamao ame Kįĝ įKįW*įâįand Kaunolu, and there are į įsome on < BįPawili, 2 /v2m * +9 Trans. K. Maly, BįįĆSSįKealia, aole maopopo ùį įloa ia į į į+ia'u, no ka mea į-į/įįand I am not {įráįquite familiar Wį%įwith Kamao (VĮ'#Į:+ Į ,ĮčĮE.O. Hall responds to GovernorBĊ Įµ + ĮĮHĠĮ¡Nahaolelua on June 16,/Į£¢YĮĥ Į1873 with the Įè o Įfollowing yletter, įįua ano 6huikau į įko Ą įlakou į9noho ana. įand į įKealia, because #Tį #ģ!įtheir living !įU įtogether is ì Įwhich @ĮĮproposes a $cĮrental ĎĮĮJĮrate to be Į Įpaid by Gibson7;Į Į n-&ďĮ dĮĮ_Çq#Įfor government lands on LSna'i. Vįöæį įrather mixed up. HįA įma įka P įninau Qįhoi įno įko įlakou įmau ; į&į |ę'į įAs to inquiry about & 0įtheir awards įor oc º¿Į ĮĮ ĮUa loaa mau kau ÀĮĮ Į ĮEĮpalapala o ka la 13 Įo ½ ĮYour letter ĮĮof . Įthe EYĚ6Į)Į13 th of H8ĮJune, Į;Įhas been uįkuleana įa įnoho #4įhoolimalima įpaha, įhe 57įcupancy 6į ^įunder lease. Ìį"įSome of /į$įthem have ÷ĮĐĮ3Įlune nei. Me ĮĮneia na manao&"ĮĮóĮo ke r³<Į'Lii Į&Įa me ģfĮreceived. !íĮĮThis is Įthe =Į)Įđ Įopinion of the * ĮKing uį įkuleana no *įkakahu įįpoe o % Cįlakou, įaka įhe [įawards, įbut &*'į%0į į 9įthey are small ones. =There ĄĮ ğzĮĮĮna Kuhina, no na aina,ĮĮ`bĮma Lanai. ÆĮand Į´ùĆß@}Į the Ministers, regarding Į Įlands Įof ²,ÊSĮLanai. øį v ôį įkuleana liilii no. "}į*'į į&s įfore, they leased these lands įí+įįfrom the (ĢīGov 'ĮĮO na * ĮĮ ġ ĮĮ&Į Ï>A/Įaina o Kaunolu a me Kalulu, ĮĮno na ¹ ĮThe landsĮ Įof AOĮKaunolu Įand ÐA>RĮKalulu, Įthe f4įNolaila, įua xÞį įhoolimalima no Ö į įįkakou i ua q į įernment but į&įunder the # Ē6 į"įinstructions of įthe & ĮĮmakaainana ia ýĮË{ĮĮmau aina, a ĝĮĮĮnau no e eĮohi Įi *$ĒĮ ÓĮĮresidents shall occupy ěĮthose Õ8ĮdĮlands, and P Įthat įPāį į?į įmau aina nei me ke ; ăįAupuni zà į į įmamuli no nae Æ į"į&į¸ĉįMinister of the Interior įDį@į /į įto me, the same as ĮÎ|ĮĮ ĮĮna dala, e like ma Į ÉĮĮ cĮna makahiki i hala. Įyou +>KĮcollect Į ÞĮĮ~Įthe rent of same, Įas Įhad Įbeen o į įį ke Kauoha a keįÀA Rį RįKuhina Kalaiaina įia'a e įnow. Hį į'įĂ \įdįįAnd about my animals, I too $įhave ē ĮĮthe custom é Į Įfor the Įpast Įyears. 4 į į/į įlike no me keia %iįmanawa. Hį įA no į ka'u mau 3į įpaid towards said į įlease. 'ĮO ĮhĮna aina Įo =0ĮKealia, 4Á<ĮPawili /Į2, Įa &Į ĭĮme Ka ! ĮĮThe lands LĮof ^%Į4 Ĥ=+ĮKealia, Pawili 2l Į ąęĮand Kamao, jį O įį į į jį į įPwahi holoholona o wau no kekahi i uku ia 0ĮĮ %ÑĮ Įmao, e hoolimalima ia Gibesona ;ĮĮĮ Įno na dala a ĮJĮ ĮĮshall be leased to Gibson ĮĮat $100.00 Į -UĮa year. Jý ßįHoolimalima ana. ·Į$100.00 MĮ ĮjÈĮ4 Įi ka makahiki. Pehea k1Įia? GĮ ĮĔ 1ĮHow about that? ² įDoko >įoia þÝįhoolimalima įana, įua įhookaa ´ġ!įWðį įDuring that lease, *įthe ď1 į įnatives paid Ĭprop 'Į ĮO ka <ĮĮaina o ^ RĮKamoku, Į¼Į7Įua lilo i ĮI §Įka Pake; ! ĮThe +fĮland Įof ? ĮĮKamoku is Į Įoccupied by Įa į į l į į ñįInįį į įpono no kanaka ina makahiki Eha, a i ka )û'įerly êįfor ìį' įfour years, įand 0 !įduring įthe ëNįfifth Įpela ĞAĮkuu eĮlohe. I 1ĮPehea? (Ø7ĮEhia XĮ Į%N Įmak. ka lilo 0Įana, [ ="Chinaman,ĮĮso ¯IĮ 9Į:ĮĪĮhear. How many ĮĮyears was xįį įkÓį į įįlima o ka makahiki, ua koe nae EbFį#į į$265. i kaa 0CįTįyear, there įįwas a mįNį«bF įî äįbalance of $265. which re Įa ehia ĮĮdala i Į? 9Įka mak. ĮÂĮê Įit leased for, Į Į ĮĮÖ1Įand how much a year? į įole mai, įa įo įĀįį į³į>įka nui o na Dala i įkaa čįmai +Õ įmained o įÍįunpaid. The ,įMį 'įįamount of money that 'Į Į"ĮĮ3 /Į ĮĮćĮO ka aina o Mahana, he aina aupuni k Įia. øĮIa ! ĮThat Įland )Į3 Įof Mahana ĮĮis a GovernmentBċ$Į g»įG2F:: įÉ į įį įúįSI 735.00. Oia iho la ka loaa į įame ke įkoena. į į įg¨G2was paid was S173S.00a¡::į&į į@įthat is the ~ ċ įreceipts bĮĮwai la Įka %i%Įlilo "Įana Į Įi keia Q1Į»Įmanawa? Ua ? Įmanao land.VĮ 5 ĮĮWho is ñ Į*Įoccupying it Į Įat the -Įpresent Kįį ¢įand the balance. äĮ[TĮ Į© Į TĮia C. Kanaina. Aole ka. m¨Į±ĮĮ time? It was thought Į Į2Į that C. KanainaĮ ĮNĮhad it. ¼įIna įno įe įlilo įo Ù įKalulu %įame Ğ,įKaunolu vįia d"įě į53į ,If Kalulu and Kaunoluįį!are given 1 įį( ĭto Gib It NisĮĮWĮnot so. ( įįGibekona a .įkahi įno įČįia i Ĕį įlehulehu ai įona į& įson, those %įare įthe įįplaces where )Ĉįįthere are 'Į4?MO Paomai,8ĮĮĮua ninau noĮĮåĮĮĮwau ia oe no gĮkeia ZĮAs PĮto 48ĮPaomai, °Į BĮI have "üĮalready *lĈòĮinquired k8įįįįkanaka, aole no he A į¿įįįnui loa o na į?įkanaka ma į / įNį Đ$ £įa number of natives. =įį į$p'įThere are not very #Į(Įaina. E Į×/Į Įpane mai, ke ĮĮoluolu oe 9DĮ. . . 2 )ĮĮĮof you in ĮĮ. 7Įregard to this XĮland. 5>ĮĮWould you © à CįLanai, wįoia į įwale no įka'u į#įmea hai 6 aku.1 +Īį đ1 įįÂmany natives on Lanai. į=į įThat is į¹įall I wish įįto ô%īĮ ĮW##Įkindly reply ... 3 ¬ į tell you.2 1 #lIn OG the ?okG ow context of QtheG [3kE EG@zWs Wok $ land description It 4ttG4x Q4 appears that -2f_` %Pawili 2 is PG the GAUok oJ section of ,5dab Q4 pawili that }k &koruns into +1 )+$%+Hawaii State Archives, ("+ %Interior + Department ' &+ #+Lands. QG =4Uk =GHGj the basin, between ,5\62b PSlawai :E and *G7^f2 Ke3Ha tmd Aupuni. 2GD ok Based on ~G 2jE Gsurveys and testimony,Soj PX this GB Upj oK section of +2 !#+ + *+Trans. K. Maly. -8bcd Pawili @|oG Nqh UmDcrosses from windwardzE oto \GI;D gn2' > ieeward Lana'i, but pk Pon theG ]GleewardG2zF VEG (side is A oM cut off Lyfromoh PG the ?p2 coast near the 'Eho'ehonui boundary marker. ($ĊįGovernor fAįĨNahaolelua writes į*įr !įįįÇ į"įthe following to the Minister of *įthe - įI^į¦9įInterior, E. 0. Jį įHall on kG2z QG QoGPokd =okD2z i2{YGy 2 !<2TU Hawaii .4G y@OWG State Archives, )kGzUo{ Interior Gt2zGl Department ooZ Book, 1o^iG Volume 12:276. ¾Ĝį`2į`c®2¤įJune 13, 1873. 3 0{4k * Trans. K. Maly. hįºį/UįQ į į% į įUa loaa mai ia'u kau palapala, ua Lį įike au -įò1į',įVćįI received your letter, į3įį įand noted what is ! CĮĮE¤¥¦CThen, in 1899,Į ĮP gĮafter the . ĮĮdeath of Gibson,;CĮGibson's hJsĮĮestate ĜtrusteeĕĮ2%ĮF ħĮĩĮĮH#ĮCecil Brown wrote to J. įina į įolelo i haiia įmai. ¥įIį įE pono įįnae e L į× įhelu aku % įĎsaid therein.))#_į «F.D F QĮ Į2þð ĮĮBrown, the Commissioner of I +ĮPublic `,0ĮĮpĮ6Į ĮLands, to extend the lease of)Į Bá,Į ,Įgovernment lands of įüįį RįÛau ia oe ina ainaįįÄ.įįo Lanai a ¯į<ĥįĮpau: Pawili, Ka -įI $į )įhave better !#1pįgive 7 įįyou a įéįįlist of all Xįthe Lana'i. +įįÜDįmao, eha Kealia, ÏO DįKaunolu, 6 įKalulu, Á+ ĕįKamoku į įÅlands on Lanai: °įËiĦ8į+įMĠį .įPawili, Kamao, four Kealia, ZįÊ>į į įQįğįį& Paomai, pau na aina aupuni a .įØįįlilo aku la Ð įKaunolu, įz ,įZįKalulu, Kamoku & < įPaomai. = įThese 2K ĮF ĨĮZÛ Cecil Brown AdministratorÃĉĮĮ¸@and TrusteeÜĮ)Į6Į(.ĮLĮof the Estate of 539Į¬ ĮĬW.M. Gibson, de į(ia Gibesona, m ]įµEono įÿ\įįaina, a į įį¶koe iho la Ekolu,į įį@sį($q)į [į5įare all the Government lands, and ( įGibson Ù Įo* Įceased, with Įthe 5ïOĮWill lâDĮannexed. ]Ý Į ĮHereby makes $@Įtender Įthe surrenderĢ$-ĮĮ Įto the t įaina. įhas |Ęį ĩį ]įacquired six lands, įï0įand three įlands re :ÄÌÅĮ_Hawaiian LandÚĮ 2āCommissionĮ OĮleases Į Įheld by .6Įthe (ĖĮĮ53#ĮEstate of W.M. Gibson Į æĮof main. _į nČ$ĮúĮĮ QĮGovernment lands as follows ėĮĦĮĮKmto wit on conditionĮ Ę$-ĮUĮhereafter stated. ; įį įóįį įUįį# çįį įAka, ua pono iho la no ia e like me ka ±į įBut it is įį !įall right o.!įįį$įaccording to what have į įmea i nį.į ąįholo ia oukou, įį į÷į į įa o ka uku Kupono i been į 3å įdecided by 7į 7įyou įpeople. ; įAnd Xįthe ªį61 62 *1. =Ę8Lease No. Ę]Ę168 ĘĘ Ęof the lands ʶđĘ% Ęof Pawili, Kamao (Ę% íĘand Kealia < òĘ> Aupuni Rental Ú ŭ$ŭWhereas, in ŭproceedings c<ŭ duly taken ŭ ŭŭ;~Şŭ ?ŭŭin the Circuit Court of ŭthe 1 ŭFirst É ŭJudicial UE Ę @Ę<'9ï$150.00 per Annum. Ę¥ +ʬĘ\Ę*, Expires June 23rd, 1908. ~ ŭŭ ŭy ŭŭ6ë ŭŭ0Ĺ!7ŭŭCircuit of said Territory at Chambers in Equity, by =ŭand ŭ8 Ţŭbetween Gustave Îŝ ŅgŭKunst, :2. =Ę8ĘLease No. Ę¯ Ę220 Lands Ę²Â#Ę>@ Ęof Mahana, Rental JE ĘSI 00.00 Ęper $ĘAnnum. -ĖPExpires ŭŭdesigns of %mЧŭS.M. &5 ŭʨ,PŭDamon, J.H. 1hŭ ŭ,º0©ŭ2Fisher, and H.E Waity,7ŭ ŕ3ŭ copartners under 3ŭŭthe #ŭfirm 8ċgÉĘ*|ĘNovember 1st, *, F61907. #ŭŭname of v ŭfŭ# ĬŦiŭUBishop & Company, Plaintiffsē bÿŭ ŭ9+Ñ+ŭUß( ŭand H.N. Pain Wŭwŭ%ªŭand Elise S. ×+ŭE!# $ŭU. Neumann, :3. °Ę8$ĘLease No. F,Ę279 ±&Ę!Ę% Ę>qĘJ¹ $ ĘLand of Kaunolu, Rental S250.00 @Ęper ð[ĘAnnum. ¦PExpires Jŭţŭ|ŭÅŘ'ŭ sole devisee and Executive under ŭŭ)ŭthe last 2) ŭ ŭWill and 5 ņŭúŭUşŭE 6èNŭtestament of Paul Neumann, § ù ĘFebruary ,S4Ę*, $9th, 1907. ŭ ŭ9 ńŭ9ğ_7ŭdeceased, and Henry Holmes, ÖTrusteeŃŭofûŭw ŭElsie %nØ«ŭS.V. EŜ6$ NŭFŭ%Neumann, and S.M.¬Tŭ&ç. BŭDamon, ĘCĘ 'ĘĘ%1ćĘĘAlso the land of Kalulu as &ĘĘv2 5Ę>Ð ĘJ tenant at will, Rental S 2 00.00 Ę ĘfĈYĘper annum. %o0Pŭ&# ŭ ŭ,P0®ŭ27ŭS.E Damon and H.E. Waity, Vľ ŭ ŭ!đŭc ŭŭĀcopartners doing business under the firmŁŭ _ŭV ŭname and / ĘThe -Ę AÙĘEstate paying Ę ĘN+Ęfor the four Ęleases xF 6 Ę +Ęf9$700.00 per annum. Ę ĔŭŭS ŭstyle of Bishop fŭ# Xŭ& Company =V ŭŭdefendants to ŭenforce ŭthe & ŭŭ1 J!>ŭDecree of Foreclosure HĘ Ę Ę ĘIt is hereby proposed Ęt ĘlĘto surrender the Ęsaid Ę 3AĘĘ'Ę Ęv2 Ęleases provided a new lease will ŭ%ŭ4ŀ' ŭKŭ ŭŭ$ŭand Sale theretofore made and filed in @ŭthe ŭŭ%+xmŭ&K ŭsuit of S.M. Damon ŭ ŭ*pŭŭet al vs. Cecil Ę#?Ę!be granted forĘûĘmãĘthe whole ĘĘ #ĘÞĘ ĘĉĘ Ę ĘĘĘarea of lands in said four leases be granted to Ęthe S ťiŭBrown, sõŖŇıŭ aŭAdministrator with @\ŭthe 2 ŭİHeŭ:ŭ2 ŭWill annexed of Walter x ŭ8 ŭ ŭMurray Gibson and Ì" āĘĘAdministrator of said ĘaĘĘEstate of dW.M. .Ę7 ĘĘĘGibson at an ó9ÅĘannual QĘĘrental of »(BĘTwenty ¨Ü3ĘFive y!ŭTrustees ŭŭ0ŭof the Estate ŭŭof said 2á ŭWalter Tdŭ8 jŭhŭ ŭMurray Gibson, deceased, under Iŭsaid Ù; ŭWill G9ÍĘVU zĘ¡ë ĘHundred {$2500.00} Dollars NĘĘfor a ÷ĘĘterm of äĘĘlease of c@CĘTwenty ³ĘOne Ę×Ęyears from BĘdate ŭ)¯ŭet al„ itŭ ŭwas ŭordered Ē ŭ ŭadjudged and ðGï'ŭŭFŭdecreed by an .ŭorder 5ŭ ŭmade on Ĉŭq¾ŭŭthe 24th day !Ęhereof. ŭof Ë ŭ/¹&+ŭQC"qŭŭJune AD. 1902 by ŭthe 9 ĕŭHonorable 8 ŭ&°ŭGeorge D. 8Bŭ%. ŭGear, Second Ì ŭJudge ŭŐŭ(ŭof the said /Ę ĘĘpDTo be granted without Ę_ Competition.))'6Ę > ŭCircuit ŭŭaYŭCourt that the -ŭÄŭŭsaid Decree of 1 ñŭWŭForeclosure and %ŭŭSale be þ ŭŭŭenforced by a ŭsale ŭof Ģŭ ŭ( ą { ŭall and singular ŭthe <ŭ}ŭ ŭreal and personal ŭ ŭproperty and ŭassets ŭŭŭof the estate ZĘ©XĘ^ēĘĔ ĘĘºÆĘ^Ę¢ 5ĘJ. F. Brown writes to Sanford B. Dole, ßĘproposing SĘthat w0'ĘĘgrazing and KĘsugarcane )3)Ęcultivation ŭŭIŭof the said 2â ňŭTš>ÜŭD=BŭWalter Murray Gibson, Bŭdeceased, ĻĐʼnhereinafter ŭŭset Z Ŋ[ŭforth, ŭŭŭand that the "ÚĘ Ę ĘĘmight be possible onDOĘ Ę the lands ĘĘleased to ĘÀ$Ę.the W. M. Ę7 Ę-ĘrĘGibson Estate in Ę! ĐĘthe following Ęletter, #ŭsame ŭbe ŭŋŭsold at )čŭpublic L ŭ ŭ-ŭauction in said 9 ĖŚ^ ŭŭŭ Honolulu at the front. ŭ ŭŭdoor of ŭthe ?ŭCourt BĘ.KLĘ;5Ę*];;$Ędated March 9, 1899. , ŭAt -ŭHouse (Aliiolani Æã<ŭŭ ŭ Hale), by and under`H ŭŭthe Č3'b ŭŭŭdirection of the ŭtŭsaid Albert Sé±ŭBarnes, who ŭ ŭŭwas by ;ŭ&ŭ ŭŭsaid Decree appointed a ģĦ Commissioner ŭŭġŭto sell ŭåŭ ŭthe said property £ Ę ĘÔĘ ĘĘĘ )ĘEnclosed please find copy of an application Ę iĘĘd.Ę7 on behalf of W.M. GibsonĘaĘEstate ŭ ŭand was Jŭ ŒŧŭŭĄ*ŭduly authorized to give )ŭ œŭüpublic notice of,gŭ6ŭ # ŌŭZŭFŭmake arrangements for and ÒĘĊ Ę&ĘNĘ (ĘĘÊ sĘfor surrender and for releasing of certain · 1LĘ=ĘÏĘ Ę7 Public Lands held by GibsonĘ-?ĘEstate !ŭŭconduct the ŭsale ŭas ŭ:ĵŭŭŭset forth in said order. ²ŭ Ę Ęon the I ĘĘIsland of =& YĘLanai. uŭŤAnd whereas, 'jŭōŭŭĪ the said Commissioner, lŭ ! ŭŭŎŭÞÍŭpursuant to the said G ŭ$ŭorder and ô'Ũdirec ¾ĘCéĘThe total KĘarea 'ÑĘĘþĘ concerned in this application 1A)Ę Ęis Ęabout 29,341,W\*ĘZĘacres. Oŭ: ŭă ŭ cŭtion, after giving public ŭŭnotice of ŭthe Kŭtime ŭand ŭŭplace of <ŭŭ ŭsale as in ;ŭsaid H3ŭorder ½Ę jĘ ĘĘnĘ ĘThe larger part of this is w(Ęgrazing (Ę" Ęand mountain #Ęland ĘĘbut a )ĘĘĘportion on a ĺ ŭòŭ ŭrequired did, on ŭthe sixteenth(e=ŭŭŭ/ ŭday of August A.D./³ÒoŭQC"½kŭŭ\ŭ . ŭIJ1902, at the front doorŭŭ\ŭof the Ę "ĘĘ ĘS#Ęrough estimate not less than Ę2000 ËĘîAacres mightĘ Ębe ĘĘadapted to ĘkĒĘ !Ęcane growing if CourtŠŭ,. ŭAHouse (Aliiolani/]]Įŭ,)MŭHale) ŭŭin said , ! !ŭHonolulu ù ŭŭ ŭŭ !ĝexpose to sale at publicŭ b ŭauction t 1 Ęsupplied ďRĘwith [Ęwater. ¼ÛĘ ĘĘThis area of Ę2000 4Ęacres, ÈĘsay 1Ębelow Ę600 Ęfeet 3 5Ęlevel, 2Ęwould ^^ŭall ŭ ŭand singular ŭthe ŭsaid Ĥŭpremises ŭand Ķ ?ŭ ŭproperty with ŭ `ŭŭthe appurtenances at Ę!uĘĘbe found on R Ę the landsĘĘ. }Ę%e'QĘof Mahana, Kaunolu Ę®êT Ę"Ęand Kalulu named Á3Ęabove, Ęthese ĉŭwhich ŭaŭŭsale the said premises 5ŭ ŭand @ŭ property hereinafter ŭŭdescribed were øŭŭŭsold to àĘĘ8being on N.E. -Ę Ęm?Ę &side where plantation Ę Ę Ęsite is :Ęproposed. / Ę The landsĘʸeĎ qĘof Paawili, ŭthe ŭėöŭsaid Charles DŭGay forŭŭthe 5ŭŭÓīsum of Oneŭ,d=?ŭ ŭHundred and 0; ŭzEight Thousand ŭ& ĞŭDollars %"ĘKamao Ęand %Î ĘKealia ĘĘmay or Ęmay Ę Ęnot be ĂĘ #Ę Ę ÿĘ included in proposed plantation site. Ę AR"Âl"""´""MŭLŭ ŭ4ŭ4( ŭ($108,000.00) that being the highest #ŭsum ŭ ŭ[ŭ#bid for the same,NŭXŭÛŭand Whereas ćŭthe IiĘĘo 9ĘIf so included, BĘthe Ępossible Ęcane Ęarea T Ę ?Ęwould be j Ę($Ęlargely increased. ªĘĘõĘI do not ŭŭ-ŭĩ( ŭŭproceedings of said Commissioner in ŭ the premises 5ŭ ÷were ŭśĠŭ łóŭŭőŭduly reported to the '+Ęunderstand ýĘ&ėĘthat any R+ĘĕĘĆauthority exists under#h ĘĘ ĘÕĘĘ Ę0the law for the lease without Ę -ŭ 3said court,Oŭ ŭand ŭ)ŭäĸthe sale approved *ŭ$ŭìand confirmedĭāŭ ŭŭr¿ŭon the 25th ŭŭ/!day of AugustĆŭ ñoĀĘáĘĘ Ęcompetition asked for by ìr4Ę ĘÖĘOĘÝ! Ę!Ę Q #Ęapplicants, but for the satisfaction of applicants s+Ô+ŭRC"A.D. 1902,r7ŭŭŭŭas by the ŭijŭæŭrecords of said ŭcourt KŭĂJmore fullyŭ Oappears, ŭ$ŭand Yŭthe ŭsaid Ęp ĘDlĘwho desire the +ĘĘ Ę ăĘ Ęʤ)ČĘHĘmatter to be brought before the Executive, I Ęwould ØĘrespectfully ĨĎ ŭCommissioner was ŭ4 . ŭŭXŭ ŭŭthereupon by an order of ŭsaid Lŭ@4$ŭ6 ŭ3'ŭcourt then made, directed MĘüĘ"ĘĘPĘ #0ĘĘĘrefer the same to their opinion at a 3 Ę åĘ6convenient early date.3S ŭto executee ŭŭŭ3Ęŭto said Charles DŭŭGay a *Y ŭ:ŭconveyance of -ŭsaid 'ĥŭFŭ µŭpremises and property, ! ŭŭŭŭpursuant to the sale ŭ6ŭŭso made as ŭp¶nŭaforesaid ... cĘThe TĘ 2ĘôĘ ĘV ö Ędocument below conveys lands (fee-simple (Ęand 1{~Ę 0čâĘ&Ę 2Ęleasehold), livestock, and personal uŭŭ-ŭAnd the said Albert/) ?ŭvê¡ŭBarnes, _ħ H>¢ŭŭCommissioner, as Z> £aforesaid,ŭŭŭdoth hereby *ũcov DĘĘ Ę ĘĘ¿property on the island of Lana'iy0Ę!"ĘĘfrom the b Ę-ĘGibson Estate Ę`æĘto Charles 7WĘĘhĘ ĘGay, as ordered by `ŭ Lŭŭenant with the ŭĿŭDŭsaid Charles Gay ŭŭand his I heirsŭ$ŭand I ŭÝŭ (ŭ:ŭŭassigns that notice of the Ęcourt L :Ędecision. ŭtime ŭ ęŭŭand place of (ŭsaid ŭ ŭ *sale was given $ŭ ŭŭaccording to ŭ the order ŭýofŭŭsaid ŏ¤ŭ}ŭCourt, and ŭŭthat the -ŭ ļsaid premises#ŭ ŭ ŭand property were ŭsold<ŭĽ ŭŭ ]ŭaccordingly at public Ŕ ŭauction /nĘ«uĘThis Indenture "Ęmade OĘĘthis 28th ĘĘday of <kĘAugust 53 64 Čand ÖĆČČ Čknown as the !!ČČAhupuaa of I$ā{ČČ & Palawai, and comprisedČ ČJČI%Ȧ-Čin Royal Patent No. | 9ŞH Şpopulations. In B0_0.ŞŞ Ş1848, a new 7Şsystem Şof land Ş7" ŞŞ> ( Şmanagement was instituted ŞŞ1ė2 Şin the Hawaiian 45EČ'ĉČ1093 ... Æ ".ŞKingdom, 28Şand individuals Ř ?ŞŞof 7 Ş Ş Şmeans were granted ĆŞlarge ŏÕŞ Ştracts of £ŞÔland. When Ş ŝĚ-Şfee-simple GB=> ČFourteenth. ^Č ČAll that ×Čland ËČ#ČJ« ČIČdescribed in Royal Patent F"]"TČ0VW.XČ4767, L.C.A. FČ10041 ( Ştitle Şto land8ŞŞqwas granted ńŞŞ Ö(%Ş1to native Hawaiians !Ş+Şÿ ĈŞ M IJŅŞŞand foreign residents who Şhad ŁŞsworn PŞoaths +ČČconveyed by £ ČaXČ/#ČČK6YČ/ ČČČJohn S. Gibson to W.M. Gibson by deed Č`øÙwČ"|Čdated July 17, 1876 Č"]ČČof ïŞ of allegiance +ŞŞtoŞĤŞ the king, NĿ Şformal ø#ņŞŞ UĮŞŞefforts at controlling the ' ' 'hipa, pipi, kao, yŞ Şand other Şgrazers <Č *Čm)²Č\"Črecord in liber 47 à 'ČF5Čfol. 49.-'Č. . Şwere ġ( :Şinitiated. Leases i ŞŞŞRanching was a ŞŞpart of ÇÛk !ŞĐŃŞöŞ Lana'i's history for closeŞŞÄÌŞ Şto 100 years, in Ş Ş ŞĄ"Ş9Ş$0/_Şthe period from ca. 1854 G ZČ^ČČČČČFirst. All leases of land on ČČČ0 Č the Island of Lanai % ČČ(PČª®held by said Walter Č6! ČMurray until Ş,F Şclosure Şof Ş y'ŞĝŞthe ranch in \&¸\¯Ş1951. d SŞInitially, D 7 ŞMormon s4 Ş ċŞ Aelders brought livestock3rŞŞto g< !ŞLana'i / ČČ.ÈČECČGibson on August 31st, 1887, " ČČ=ČČ Č Čso far as he had Č ) ČČ Čthe right to assign Čthe QČsame ŞŞVŞ ŞĢŞas a part of their ý ŞŞeffort to PŞŞestablish a ı! ŞĜŞ Şmission in the ~ ŞŞuplands at IJ,×Ù9ŞHŞPalawai. In $0»CŞ1862, ÓM#ŞWalter Ă? Č9 B ;ČLwČ8 ñ ČĊWČwithout incurring any forfeiture. .. DF ŞMurray Á Ş6ŞGibson took ) ŞŞËV" Şover the Mormon " Şsettlement, 2 ŞĀâ Ş Şand focused the AãŞlivestock ù#Ş Şefforts on Personal Property Č#ŞNŞherds of Ş8 ŞŞsheep and goats, OŞof which ᪠ĦŞnearly ²Ş100,000 Úç ŞŋŞroamed the + XŞisland, įŞ t Şalmost uncontrolled GjČFirst. . ČAll Č» kČČthose flocks of ČČ Čsheep on the D Č20th ČČday of ¤!ČJune .Z§'Č45[ČČA.D. 1902 or ÞŞ Ş]0&¤ŞaŞby the 1890s. As Ş Şh<@QŞEúa result, Lana'i suffered#Ş"Ş ! Ş (from rapid deforestation Ş ŞŞæŞŞðŞand a drying up of 'Şthe rČČÛvČthereabouts of mixed ČČ¹}ČČ Čages and sexes, on said Čó ČãČČday depasturing, running or Âħ+Şisland's Ş W 3¥ŞÑŞwater resources. This ězl Şimpacted % Şevery Şother ŞOŞ Ĕaspect of lifeŞ Ş·kŜ³Şon Lana'i 2 Şand wasŞ Şone ÐČČbeing upon Čthe Čsaid ČČ0 ČIsland of Lanai ČČand also ( ČrČall that ¸ČČ 1ČČ Čherd of cattle and all ŞŞof the contributingŐ ßĠŞŞŞfactors to Ş } Şthe continual =! Şdecline 5 ŞŞ()Şin the native Em|@Şpopulation Şof Ş the island. ¦Ş ČČ ČD Čhorses on said 20th ČČday of `,Č5D~ČJune, 1902, also ČČLČäČČdepasturing and running upon À "Ş$&$ŞFrom 1910 Ş´&/$Şto 1951, ÈÜ ŞLana'i 'Ş- ( Şranch operations ā3 Ş Şfocused on sŞcattle KŞand Şa Şsteady ?> Şdecline Č Čthe said HMČČIsland of 0(( ČČ Č3ČLanai on said day, 1ČÄ & Če iČČall formerly belonging to Čthe ČČEstate of 5Şin Şthe -, > Ş Şčê Şpopulation of other ,5A=ģ§Şlivestock. ;ĶŞ Ş + ŞŞThe steady transition to cattleĨŞ Q Şgrazing ŞŞled to Şthe K¯ Č6ČWalter M, / Č UČGibson, deceased, Čtogether ă? Č$ Čwith all ? Čthe òá Č Č8Čnatural increase of Čthe said Č 4 Ø>ŌŞŞŇ ŞŞeradication of tens of ~ Ş Şthousands of YŞgoats, Ş Şsheep, and 72 Şå ) Şpigs— many driven )ë Şover Şthe ĭûŞcliffs Á ÔČflocks Čand Čherds, Čand Č Čalso all Čthe Čwool, then Č!Č Č Čupon the said Čsheep ČÉ Čand which Şf<ŞĞŞfJof Ka'apahu in Ka'a¡ inŞ ŞüĹŞŞ ŞewŞ Şan effort to reduce impacts on Ş Şthe steadily ĺèĒ ŞŒĽ¨Şdecreasing pasturage. ČÌ Č? Čìhas since that timeČČ< Čbeen produced MČand fâČshorn 8 ÚČ Č · ČČ %jČfrom said sheep, and their Čsaid ÃŞIn µ&B`Ş1914, Şthe #'%!'Maui News Şreported ŞŞ) ŞŞ +Ļ¢ē AŞon a visit by rancher-investor J. ;ZŞDb ŞŞ¶< T. McCrosson to Lana'i Ş d Čincrease save+ČČand v Č Č 3Č $Čexcept such sheep, cattle ČlČČ +ČČØČand wool as have been sold Čwith 4Ş ŞK ޾ under the heading "BigŞH"z#)véŞ ŞÉ 59Improvements on Lanai."Ş Db Şv6Şà!McCrosson makes specificpŞ ñ Ş Şreference to 7Čthe ČČconsent of Čthe Čsaid *ëYČplaintiff. Ş Şő{the leeward pasturesŞŞ'Ş on the island, Şî ŞTŞextending from ŞB/Ş°the 150 ft.ŞŞto $.Ş1,000 :Şī% ft. elevation.! ©Ş a ČSecond. ČAll Čwool Čpresses, Ý3Čwagons, M Čcarts, cCČharnesses, ČÎà&%;tools implements,TČ cŞ ŞŞI spent a rŞweek ŞRon Lanai * Ş > ŞŞinspecting the ªŞranch. ÏŞ ŞThe lee ! Ş Şside of Şthe Şisland e$Čchattels Čand ¼ Č%liČeffects belonging ČČto said K¬1 Č6s= Č/ ČWalter Murray Gibson Č Č.!Čon said August Şis ĉ4 Şgreener Ş5Şthat it hasŞ Şbeen Şfor years.2#:Ş ÐŞp8ŞÍĬĕŞThe finest Pili qŞgrass Şpastures Ş Şin the ,Č31st, 1887, ",Č BČČsituated on Č the HČČ0,ČČČIsland of Lanai, at said A&ČNČČ)*Čtime and now in ČČand upon ;ł TerritoryŞGijŞ Şextend in Şa broad ŞŞbelt ŞŞt@'ŞòŞthe whole length of Ş lthe island, Ş "Ş]from 150¹Ş Ş feet Č(oČpČsaid lands or ČČæ :-Čany of them. %Şabove Ş%o,ŞŞsea level to Ş$Şabout 1000 LŞŗō feet elevation.«Ş;ŞnLŞ% ŞąThe belt varies fromTŞŞĸWa quarter* ŞŞto ¨Č kČČThe flocks of Čsheep ČçÒČ ČČČand their increase are now A:ČČestimated at Čabout 18,000 3Č ŔUŞ" SŞtwo miles ![ŞÒŞwide. Up in Ş'Ş'?the shallowŞä ŞŞ33 Şcrater that occupies 'Ş 4 Şthe center ŞR 5Şof Lanai Şa 'Čhead. Ş"mŞK# Ş{ŞĎgood many hundred acres have)ŞŞbeen Ş* Şplowed and Ş Şplanted in i ŞRhodes Ş+ Şgrass and b Č <Č8Č $ČThe herd of cattle Ą Čwith # Č Č ³Čtheir increase are Čnow ÏČČBČ[\Č VČestimated at about 240 head. I,Ŗ[ŞÅPaspalum. ItŞNŀ Şformerly 6Ş Ştook twenty #ŞŞacres of ŞĘŞ-œŞthe wild pasture land ŞŞto Şsupport b Č ¶ČºČThe herd of Č) Čhorses with their Č)increase Č(Čare Č@)QČåČõČ4Č Čnow estimated at about 210 head. Şa E =6bullock.ZŞ jŞI-F7ŞThe Paspalum E Şpastures 8Şnow Şfatten þóŕfiftyŞ ŞŞhead of 36Şstock Şon % Şevery H*Č#îČIn witness 7 Čwhereof Č#Čthe said ČAlbert cČ ČBarnes has O7 !ČČhereunto set 9Č his handČČand W ޱhundred acres.37^¼Ş $Čseal > Čthe ČČday and ±Č¾ Čyear first +Čćabove writtenČ-ċ'Č... 36 c Ş$&C&XŞgIn 1929, L.¬a9Ş1A. HenkeĴŞ-?Ė Şpublished ' $A Survey &' '!" 'of Livestock ' % 'in Hawaiif,38^½Şwhichđ=Ş Şincluded the 2.4 Ranching Operations on Lana'i, 1854-1951 uQ Şfollowing descriptionķ}Ş Şof Şthe ĩ< !ŞÎ*@Ş Ŏ ŞLana'i Ranch operations. 1HenkeĵŞŞŞŞnotes that a 4 Şwater line @Ş"Şsystem 8ŞGand extensive )Ş Şfences wereì Şw Ş Şmade on ňtheŞ uisland. :Ş¿ľDescribing Ş Şthe basic Ş *= Ş Şranching operations Goats, sheep, cattle, the European boar, and horses were introduced to the islands between Č Č UČ@ Čý2Č Č*ČfČu<Čïö ČČèČPmČôČ Şon RLana'i,J Ş1 6HenkeŞ Şreported 4""1778 ČČand 1810. ČþČ> ČČ Č¥n% &% Č¡ČČ ČDuring those early years, Kamehameha I and his gČ Čchiefs placed kapu + Čover Čthe 2ČÑðß!dČÞ& ČČnewly introduced animals to 2Č Č ÓČ ensure that their populationséČs ČÇ-would grow.Č¢Č Č¿qĈČIn the fifty- ;ŞThe d ŞIsland OŞh Ş LŞof Lanai, while -V!primarilyİ ŞćAŞgiven %ŞŞŞĊŚŞŞover to the growing of Şpineapples Č= ČÅ&Č"year period from 1780 ČČ> Čto the 1830s, Č! populationsAČČof Čthese *A+Č2#:1 1#Õ7Čnon-native animals—like OČthe ! Ş$&C`.Şsince 1924, ęŞŞŞ oŞstill has an area Şof º/.Ş55,000 Ş Şôacres of fairly ĪŞwellSŞ Şgrassed butŞĥŞrocky hipa RgSČ(sheep) Čand pua'a bipi Čor pipi RąČ ČČ @$zČ(wild steer or cattle), Čand kao ySČČ :Č(goats)—grew to become Şand Şrather Şarid F countryŞMGʼn Ş ŞŞŞļextending in a belt around ŞtheďŞ//Şx,ŞŞŞ ğŞ55 miles of coast line ČpČa great ÷9N ČČnuisance to Č_the HawaiianP 2ČúêČČ Čpopulation, and had ÿíÆČ½ ČČ Č_uLNČdevastating effects on the Hawaiian Şof Ê*Lanai, ŞŞÝŞthat are utilized ś Ş*asŞ# PŞranch landsŞ Ş ŞŞCYŞand carry about 2,000 1Ă ŞHerefords Şand ;t n;Čenvironment. B0Ş180 ®Şhorses. jThis Ş nŊŞeŞbelt is ÷#TŞfrom UŞtwo Şă Şto four x Şřmiles wide Ş Şand extendsG ŞõFrom "ŞŞthe Şsea J Č9 Č ČRecords indicate that ČÀČČ@OČ#othe first of these introducedq! Č!ùČungulates Č hČČ©Üx Čwere brought to LSna'i ŞŞto about $.Ş íŞ1,000 feet in Şelevation.?%( :Ş ûČ around theČ1830s, ECČ ČČwhere a ČÍt´Čfew native Č$tenants, livingĀČü Č under landed°Č Ê,Čchiefs, QČmanaged hµČthe 17 Maui News, October!80 '5?? ?4??"? ?24, 1914, p. 5, c. 1. 30 Bureau of Conveyances, Liber 242, p. 91-95. '"University/<$67+:?1(? =*?%7% 5#)?; of Hawaii Research Bulletin&9+.?2 ??No. 5, 3-3,;,;? > ?Honolulu, Hawai'i. 6S 66 J ĚThe Ě ĚĚ Ětotal area of the f Ě.ĚIsland is 30Ěabout %140 w>+6Ěì Ě7ĚC ̸,Ě. Ěsquare miles and it ranges in .,Ěheight 2.5 Hawaiian Pineapple Company p ĚĚ ďMĚĚ Ěfrom sea level to about %3,376 Ěfeet V FĚelevation, Ě Ě n,Ěwith an average òĉĚannual ȱM5Ěrainfall ¼ÜşDQşŔm şJames Dole, owner ûş şof the )H e &şHawaiian _ QşPineapple %ş Őé şCompany, purchased şthe 13"şüşisland of EgU şşLana'i on ĚĚÐ Ě ĚĚ[Ě jĚĚ0Ěon a great part of the uplands of about %34 " _Ěinches. D şÊAşDecember 5, 1922. *NşThe êşpurchase şşprice of şsthe islandş şwas $1.1 Ï5şmillion. Ã-şNearly S2 ĭşmillion "%In 1922 % KĚĚ46Ěbefore the upper M+ Ělands wereĚ8 Ěgiven ÃĚĚover to <Ě Ěthe more Ê Ěprofitable şwas şşspent on , (şşimprovements to ş,-şn ş şthe island, for the 0M şşdevelopment of zśş şmacadamized roads pineapplesY YĚ Ě6ĚĚan area of !Ěsome %2,000 mĚĚacres had"Ě been NĚĚplanted to S' ĚPigeon Ěpeas "ş şand the ŕşştown of 9ē% ş 5ş»ş´¶7ZşDş şLana'i City. In 1926, Dole hosted Ðşa şş ştour of the 3&!1ş"şplantation and (ø$ developing ş ]$´/Ě(Cajanus (V ĊOĚ7Ěª Ěindicus) and Paspalum ë9!GĚh Ě\Ědilatatum. On the ?ĚÿĚ å?Ělower, rather rocky, Ěpresent !Ś şcity. c+şThe ¹ËÄ %şŎ şş150-person tour of Ī! ìHAşpoliticians, businessmen, ş&şand o ş M}ş friends were impressed4 Jş #şwith + -Ě Ěranch lands ̵6KĚthe algaroba ĄĚtree ^SÙĚ(Prosopsis ãČOĚrĚjuliflora) is { ĚĚĚvaluable because of Ěits #şthe }Ċşprogress > şthat #şşîş şhad been made in +şthe şshort !time şşÎį şon Lana'i [29]. K"Ě~Ě/̦Ěbean crop, and Koa Ěhaole ]§ÁE Ě(Leucaena }Ě7Ěglauca) and Hz·ĚAustralian T Ě Ě^Hz#÷ 4ėĚsalt bush (A triplex 9h şLana'i şşhad been ş0 Pşoften overlooked ş ş à/şş ş because the appearance of the islandşąşfrom ÿ şoffshore 8l OĚsemibaccata) DĚ 8*Ě#ĚUĚ`Ě¡ Ě#Ě óĚ Ěare considered desirable forage crops. It is planned to qĚfurther şwas J şdry şand şdesolate, şbut ¸şDole ş şsaw that | şinland 'areşşsome şarable lands.Vş * şThere şwere Ü Ě1Ě Ěimprove the lower 1>ĚĚpastures by À 8 Ěadditional ăĚĚplanting of -Ěthe K Ě Ě ĚĚabove crops and by 76666ş20,000 şşĤ"acres of landşĽ?<şş / şş#ş -:şşÍHsuited to pineapple on the island of Lana'i )Ñ Úş` şHawaiian Pineapple Ú, Ě0t ,Ě¹Ělight stocking and 0 Ě Ěresting present ĆaĚpastures. ş ş Company considered itşş şas the ŀşş;şlast of the ş şşdesirable acreage left <ş)Œ ¡ş* şin Hawai'i. The xş:şsoil and ¢ĚĚqą*ĚÕ<Ě ĚIn the future the ranch will#5Ě(ĚĚnot do Ě!Ěmuch more "Ěthan .ĚĚraise beef ĚĚand saddle ð şconditions ş,'Òãşwere desirable, ş"şbut many 4 (l/şimprovements şşş¢şhad to be made. ßşĬ$şş~şMany miles of cactus ĚÌĚ -Ěhorses for the ' pineappleĚ (Z . Ěplantation Ěneeds. JĚ+?Ě -ĚThe ranch, though Ě Ěa part Ě Ěof the şşIşşhad to be dragged outō~şşand 0şremoved şfrom qKşthe landscape. Wşc şThe ) Ĕ%şHawaiian ÈPineapple İ ş "@şCompany )đÛĚiÝĚHawaiian Pineapple $!:|ĚCompany's þ;Ěy5 Ě=ĚĚproperty, still operates as Ěthe &7ĚLanai $!"PĚCompany, ĕşş ä şşbuilt a harbor at ½x ş <ĎşKaumalapau with ş'ģe şşşa breakwater made of ş şa solid Pşíş şrock cliff that şthey åşhad &ĚLtd. ş/şbusted and ! &ĺL°şaştransferred. Roads ş şĀşş ş áæ şfrom the fields to the harbor LSş â£şÅşwere paved. One ş) Ùof Hawaiian ş Ě). ĚThe Hawaiians o*!Ě*Ěformerly herded goats, ;ĚĚprobably Ěfor 1ÔC6Ětheir t ĚĚ ĚĘskins on the up _ ş8Pineapple Company's @şşold şphotos şshows ş şş ,neat rows of pineapple, ş şEhU ş >şėşwith Lana'i City in şthe 7ĚĚlands of & ²Ě7Ě!Ěû> 0E ĚäĚĚLanai, and some agricultural work was ĚĚ®T 4Ědone by Walter I6ĚMurray %V3/ĚGibson, j=ċbackground.ï±ş9×& şLana'i City[ ş ş( şwas developed ij ş şfor the ěşrş 'ş şworkers that were brought over0L'ş [18:17-23], ĚB6ú Ě'"Ěwho arrived in %1861, #Ě ñ ĀĚĒZ Ěin connection with 0Ěthe I ĚMormon $ {* QĚ%'3ĚChurch. Gibson øâĚacquired (83Ěconsiderable æ Ě7Ěland and when"Ě½Ě'Ě"Ěhe died in %1888 ÖĚE,*Ěhis daughter, J¶ċĚ& ĚTalula Lucy )°:ęHay- /Ěselden, Ěbecame 1<Ěthe owner. 4*GĚ %W ĚGibson ĚĚand the )5 ĚHayseldens MĚĚ Ědeveloped a sheep Miki Camp, ca. 1 924-1 938 ) ÛşÉĒ -ş· ÞşHawaiian Pineapple Company Ivşú $şbuilt several >$ ş şoutlying camps 2Ě ĚĚranch on the 8 + ?ĚíĚĚÒW Ěisland, much of which wasĚ /Ěthen ĔĚ3ĚZ Ěowned by the % ü ĚvĚGovernment and IJşfrom şthe <şmain ĩgďşLana'i City.¤şÆşşOne of #ş ş ş^ ġş8 Bşşthese camps was Miki Camp, so $3şcalled şş şbecause of its Ě¯%R̤Ěby W.G. Irwin. ŗŌşşproximity to ş! tş 3şQRş`şthe storied place called Puu ş1ğ¥şo Miki. GOş şThe camp ş2>TÓwas situatedş şşOşsoutheast of the f' ĚĚ w> ĚIrwin later acquired \Ě% ÅĚthe Government Ělands Ěand -Ěthe )5 ĚĚHayseldens about 1902 % şpresent ? ş\wóMaui Electric jş Company @şÂ Ç(MECO)ş şpower :şşÁđĠşplant on Miki aVşRoad. Ěsold >ĚĚout to $+ ĚCharles %Ě2Ě Bù :ĚGay and nearly 9-Ěthe whole Ě8 /ĚĚisland of 89,600 % mĚacres Ěwas b('-şSeveral Ħşoral rshistoryŁ řş ļ, ş interviews have0şşbeen conductedş ş şĜfīÔÕĐĮfşş!;ş with elder kama'dina of the planŝş !ÞĚcombined "Ěunder Ěthe ĕ 'ĚĚ çĚ%FĚ× Ěownership of Charles Gay, which ĚĚ£ ĚXĚpassed to Irwin in 1910 % tation ş ş ;ş era who residedô şşÀ Ģş şŏ şat Miki Camp during their 2 ş ¦ş §şbşęzşyouth. Mrs. Susan Minami ŘşMiyamoto Ěand p Ěfrom #%him Ě¥ØĚdbĚto John D. g$Ě+ ĚMcCrosson and . ĚßĚ\Ěassociates in the Ě Ěsame year, when(Ě ıkşşpenned some ş#Ĵş ħof her recollectionsŇşş şof the şcamp, ş 5ş*yşand Mr. Tamo %şMitsunaga "şýĶ mJşand friends Ě&(Ě$!îĚ& R?Ěthe Lanai Company, Ltd., wasĚ*uGĚJ áĚN6Ě4*Ě ĚW Ěformed. Their interests were sold in 1917 %Ěto Ödraftedłşş şþa map ofşŅČşthe 4şcamp şşS.RşuşĆş+k şas they recalled it from their čXşyouth. ¨ş2@yMrs. Miyamoto'sŃŞş l$ĨŜrecollec )H@Ě ĚeebĚH.A. and F.F. cT#/FĚBaldwin, ĚXĚćĚwho in mm Ě[ĚĈĚĚsold the property to ÑĚthe )C.kĚHawaiian i' èĚPineapple ňşştions and ^'©şMr. %ş şMitsunaga' s map followĥ- ş şāXşbelow {fig. µWş8). $@FĚ&@ ĚLĚd 34ĚCo., Ltd., in December 1922, % who ĚBĚare 9-Ě Ěē_Ěthe present owners. ¨Ě%Ě "ĚMr. Gay continued r Ě Ě Ěwith the sheep ¿Ěºranch startedĚĚ%.(Ě2Ě) ;Ěby Gibson and Hayselden, Camps of Lanai ¾ Ě ¼ĚĚ,ĚĚAAAAĚ Ě9# ĚĚprobably carrying as high as 50,000 at times, but NĚwhen <Ě&2Ěthe Lanai $ ":;ĚCompany, &PĚĚLtd., was 0ĚàĚstarted in 1910 % Ěthey ĚĚchanged to 9 Ě ĚĚ# ĚÆ4 C Ěcattle and put in extensive provisionsĐ' Ě *N ş ÷ ş( şThere were several :4şcamps şºşwhen I şĉ Ěşwas growing ? şşup on 9,ªşLanai. ÌO şşşThree of my ÍĚfor waterĚ Ěand ( Ěfences, +"ĚĚ E Ěand a count LĚH5Ěin April 1911, % ĚAĚĚkĚgave 20,588 sheep and 799 % 2siblings %ş şĸşwere born şon ¿1Bş şĂş2/şFLanai, the first inNambaş8i ş şCamp in ²C7ZBşŖş ş1926, next in [Ļ şCrusher ĚUĚ @ĚĚ Ě(ĚĚhead of cattle. At the end of 1920 % 4Ěthere werenĚ :Ěonly %860 Ě ĚéĚ Ěsheep and early in 1923 % ÝCamp şĘş³C7Cşin 1929, şand şRthe lastńş şin E&Øş Lanai City !ş şin 1932. Ě Ěa count ĚxĚ[Ě/> l= ĚĚshowed that the number of 1 Ěcattle Ěhad DĚ9Ě;Ěincreased to 5,536 Ě3and besidesCĚ FiçşNamba 8 şCamp şwas ľsituated şşõat theşnşş ş+foot of the hill ..şş#şS şşto the right as Tş(ş şyou leave the %4,462 Ě3ðĚ Ěhad been sold čĚduring Ě ĚËĎĚB`Ě« āĚĚthe previous five years. Reduction of Ěthe *Ě Ěherd to şşşş"«şG ş şcity to go to Manele. The camp şwas ş şĵ¬şFInamed after Mr. Nambaş ş şwho was ş şin charge !sĚ!Ěmake room ÇĚFor LĚpineapples wasĚ 1Ěstarted ĚĚ DĚon a large 5Ě#"Ěscale in 1924, %2ĚÎ Ěand from 1-<Ěthe şŊʼnş ĝK 5şdof construction workers. Workers P ş şwere ş] şmostly Japanese !+şş şwith a few ¾ şKoreans ĚĚend of 1922 %Ěh=Ěto October 1928, %%6,764 ĚĚ Ěhead of cattle wereĚêQĚsold. şwho =şspoke ăşfluent ] şJapanese. ©ĚgĚMr. Moorhead wasĚ! ,Ěmanager Ěfor 1 Ěthe ) ĚHayseldens, I RĚ%ĚMr. Gay vĚÓĚĖĚmanaged his own dķĿş$ őMş şWorkers lived rent oş şfree in u $şņsimple cottages,Aş ş|şćĹthe only furnitureöşùbeingşş14şa simple dining table with long benches at each side. The single men lived in one ÄĚproperty ĚĚĂĚ&0@Ěcfor a time, Lt. Barnard»+ĚĚwas ,= ĚoĚmanager for Ěthe &NĚ$!ï:Ě ĚLanai Company in 1910, % òşş şş şşpş ®ş * ş 3şş. 0ş şş long building with no furniture. Each man had a designated area in the room 2Ě a$GĚIôand G.C. Munro,;ĚxĚthe D= Ě =DPĚpresent manager, sĚ BÏĚXĚtook charge in 1911. %$[19:51-521 ! % wşè? /şœpşşĈ Yş\ëş ş şş {şş ş Kş ş =şşşĖmarked by a singleş şşlength of ş şşşŋ{=ş şĞşş;şmat with a large trunk or basket at the Ąşşfoot of ¬ Ěj ĚThe ranch Ěended 0# Ě#(Ěoperations in 1951 % Ě9Ě)when the Hawaiian ³2ĚSL ĚuY :ĚPineapple Company decided'ĚýöĚto +şşthe mat .ñşholding ş .ş¯şGN şhis worldly goods. There şvşwere nails Tşşpounded at #şthe şşhead of Uõ EĚ5Ě#ĚÉĚ Ě1-<Ě'(Ě 2 y/QĚfocus all its efforts on the pineapple plantation. şşş &şthe mat to hang t şqYştheir clothes. 67 68 A 1{ĻCompany D%Ļtrucks 3%Ļ ĻĻpicked up the 7ĻĻmen each morningđ"ĻĻ"Ļto go Ļ) Ļ ûĻĻto their work site, =ŐBy 4this ŐOŐ^ćĤt2Őtime Filipino %ŐŐworkers were /$P Őstarting Őto Őcome Őin, Ő Őand there Őwere jĻ ĥĻ Ļand returned at ĈĻ pau jĻ- Ļ 2Ļ! Ļ >%Ļ Ļhana. School children were picked up byĻĻ5kĻåĻs Ļa van which first Å"ŐJapanese Őand ^J "Őĩ%ŐLŐFilipino workers in camp,Ő Ő ŐŐand even one bň/ŐMexican, Z8Ļpicked ĻëÓĻup children EĻfrom R ĻA4'ĻTĻKaumalapau Camp. We Ļdubbed ?Ļ5ÅĻthis van Ļ ® %Ļthe "Black a Ő6Ő ŐĥŐLife in the camps Ő$O"! ;ŐDŐwas simple. A ô{Ġ Őfavorite sportŐĢŐfor 7qŐ'ŐŐ Þ2 Őthe boys was climbing #1 I'ĻMaria". .Ļ61Ļ&ĻThe van was )Ļ(Ļ# PĻC8Mdriven by Mr. Okamoto,ĻºĻRoy C8WĻâÐ 0ĻQĻOkamoto's grandfather. It Őthe ŐÙčxŐwater tanks ŐĘ Őand lining ŐOŐŐ4the rim of theseŐÚŐ Ő Őtanks with what Őwas * Őcalled ~Ő"tori ĻāĻ L Ļ ĻĻwas all purpose used as aĻ Ļ hearse orĻĬ1ĻÆambulance andĻč Ļfor !0Ļother U ěĻtransportation búMochi", 9ŐŐ Őa gluey '(ŐÌŐ#)SŐ N Ősubstance. The birds would Őy%Ő ŐŐget stuck and were 0ŐŐgathered for ĻĻas needed. ó (Őfood. .Ļ V:ĻĻThe company had many:Ļ *ĻĻcattle on Ļthe $«ĻS Ļ island: There wereĻúÔĻwire fencingõ"ĻĠ Ļstrung 3 Ő /ŐThere was eŐ`.Õ Őalso Kaumalapau ¼ĝŐ350+Ő/ Camp. There areŐŐ ŐÑěÏŐa few families Ļ Őstill Őliving (Őthere. V Ļalong RĭÀ ĻKaumalapau ÝĻĻHighway at Ļ ĻĻ Ļthe top of the ñ*Ļ$ĻĻDhill, and we childrenòn \Ļ $ĻÁĻran amongst 3 Ő ŐThere were ŐÆ"flŐmostly Japanese Ő¿ Ć/Ő %Ő %ŐÖ Őand Hawaiian dock workers, and eŐalso independent " ıŐ Ļ9 ĻĻthe cattle to ĦĻreturn home ĻEĻfrom Ļ æIJU:Ļ Ļthe pathway at ,Ļthe Ļ<ĻĻĀaĻtop of the hill. o Ő=ŐX¹³¶fishermen. By 1935,9ŐŐŐmost of @Őthe ðÒĜăĖ Ő Őfamilies had ŐŐmoved to 1Őthe ãŐcity. e ĻĻg ?GĻIt was Prohibition °KUĻEra ĻĻand my ãÒĻĵĻ ĻĶĻgrandma who lived with Ļus, brewed Ļ%Ļ"sake" Îò Ő$Ő ŐŐLife in the camps Őwas Ħ!Ősimple Ő÷2and funŐŐand #rememberedê Ő'ŐŐŇ5ŐŐÐ Őby most with fond Ļa ¶ ĻĐĻĻJapanese drink made Ļ Î Ļ MĻfrom spedal rice, ďĻĻ +FĻbrewed in large %`Ļcrocks. -Somehow /Ļ Ğnostalgia.39* r Ļword Ļ Ļ Ļ Ļwould get out to Ļthe 1 Ļ Ļ Ļcamp that the ö ĻĔĻĆĻĻ Ļinspector was coming, and the %Ļcrocks ÿĻĻ/>Ļ@Ļwould be hidden in Ļthe ,Y %Ļ Ċthick paniniĻ Ģ_Ļ(cactus) bushes Ļ ĝĻĻuntil it ĻĻĻwas safe to É wĻbring =pĻthem home. OĻ.ĻThese [Ļcrocks ĩ Ļwould ĞĻĻsometimes be *!Ļstolen àĻfrom ùĻtheir =Ñ"Ļ y OĻhiding places. 2.6 Archaeological Background .X Ļ ĻĻ ĻThere were no cars )Ļ Ļin the 4'Ļcamp. ĻAn 4 Ļ<ĻC8WĻ- Ļemployee of Okamoto Store Ļwould Ļcome 5ēĻ&8Ļ ĻĻĻevery week or so to [Ļ Ļu Ļtake orders for 6!0ĻĻĻwhatever we needed Ļand ! )5!~Ļdelivery DŐŐA few 4 Őarchaeological ,këŐstudies q| Ő#Ő . ŐŐhave been conducted in Ő 0 S ŐńhŐŐ ŐÇĈŐthe general vicinity of the Miki VĻwas madeĻĻon Ļ×Ļhis next 5HG Ļvisit. ²Ļ Ļ=lFĻ Ļă Ļ(]ĻGoods were charged to employee's bango ( Ļnumber =LŐ<°WŐBasin 200 DåŐAcre Âç 8B) Ő\ 2ŐIndustrial Development "BģŐŐproject area Őõ ¡ŐYŐ(Ő(see fig. 1, p. µ¢ŐFIŐÝv4). The earliestŐ, mʼnŐsurvey 4*Ĺp Ļ(employment Ą _Ļ\Ļ number) and payment Ļ madeĻ Ļ /Ļto the Ę ĻĻ Ļstore on payday. #Ő-Őby Emory C²Ő[11] & & Ő Ő#*ąPŐrecords the baseline Ődata Őfor Őthe £Őarea. -BŐEmory's .ĮìŐ Ősurvey is Ņ ŐRŐreviewed in .Ļ#wĻThe Medicine #ĻMan, asĻĻwe * ĻvNĻcalled him, *Ļwould Ļcome EĻfrom ĻĻone of Ļthe ĺphar 6Ő<¤[¥Y¯Ő?,#Ĩ,Ősection 2.6.1. Subsequent studiesyHsŐj ŐŐfocused on Ą Ő½įŐ retracing Emory's work%Ő2Ő 0ŐŐA TŐin order to inventory the sites that he originally recorded. These studies are discussed in section 2.6.2. The last ħ9H Ļmaceutical Ļ)Ļ³ Ļ,Ļhouses in Honolulu to q ĻĻ ÇF2Ļfill a large bag"Ļ ĻĻfor each <à :Ļfamily tĻfilled Ļwith ĴŐJŐ1Ő ŐĬKø6ğ**Ő ¦ŐF ŐĽè íŐ+îŐH i Ő Ő Ő<;[§Z(Ő3 Ő Ő ?D)Ļmedicine ĻiĻüĻĻó ;ĻCĻfor all kinds of illnesses. On @Ļhis ĸĻįHĻĻ Ļ Ļ 6 Ļnext visit he would note whatever ŐŐphase of archaeological5 ď K*Ő+ Ő Ő'ŐĊŐresearch has been in IJŐsupport ofñŐŐrecent Őland ė"ęŐ Ő Ődevelopments and is &Ļ Ļ> Ļwas used since @Ļ ĻİĻhis last visit Ļand Ļcollect Ļmoney Ļ,Ļfor the ĻĒ"Ļused drugs. .ĻThe Ê"Ļbag j Ő Ődiscussed in ĵŐ<¨·;´©Ősection 2.6.3. zĻwould ĻĻthen be r Ļu Ļrefilled for ĻØ Ļhis next 63G bĻvisit. .ĻThis ĜĻpractice 2ĻĻwent on Ù ĻĻfor a yĻğĻlong time 6Ļeven Ė Ļafter 9Ļthe 4$:Ļcompany built( ĻĻa Z ĻxĻ¢d¥¨`Ļhospital in 1924. 2.6.1 Emory Survey ½! Ļ2 ĻThere were Ļouthouses Ļ LĻ cĻTĻfor our use. We ĻĻhad no toilet) Ļ !0Ļpaper, -0Ļ»Sears Roebuck %Ļ F ŐThe v7Ő/+ K!Őearliest archaeological $ 8 8)ŐŐinvestigation on EÓŐ> ŐLana'i Island Ő was conducted Ő'Őby -ŐCXŐEmory [11] B Ļ&ÕCatalogs were Ļ Ļ 5 Ļmost coveted Ļfor Ļ 7+ĕĻuse, newspapers 2 oĻ Ļwere also Ļ Ļput to 'Ļ¼+2Ļuse. There Ő ŐCºZWªŐ3 )Ő ) ĶŐŐ ŐöİŐin the 1920s, This investigation was the first Đ !ŐŐarchaeological and ÿġ IJŐ ŐŐethnographic study of ĻĻ(ĚĻwas a bath Ļ!ĻĻhouse tended by ĻĻone of Ļthe PĻ-Ļ zĻtĻĻģËĻ,Ļwomen. She would fill the tubs with ÍLana'iāŐÃ!QH«Ő>Ő84Ő %:ŐIsland. In this work, -TŐEmory 'éŊŐ &VŐÀŐ, 7 &G Őbroadly summarizes Hawaiian cultural tķŐŐtraditions of !K;Ļwater. ±í}oĻnĻFire wood ĻĨĻĻwas used to Ļ Ļheat the OĻwater. .YĻThis bathhouse( è ĻĻĻĻm Ļwas a good social a×Lana'iđŐŐand R!UŐ .ŐŐincludes discussions on ŐļGthe traditional 8 *Ő Őoral ü:Ő" histories, placeŐ 9Őnames, material " /gathering+3"Ļ 'Ļplace. TĻ ĻWe would 3Ļsit ĪĻĻĻ Ļaround on the bench @ ĻxGĻĻ9 (Ļ]Ļbuilt inside the tub and culture, Őand & archaeology.Ēp¬Ő d1Ő%ŐŐ &ħý ŐĪ The work is geographically organized V Őgľ ŐŐPh .$ Őaround an inclusive %Ļ ~Ļtalk story. V Ő Ő6Ő%ŋ Őgazetteer that is keyed Őŀß īŐŐfŐto numbers on an Ŏ$ Ő(ŐËaccompanying map. Since Ő- Ő%ŐEmory's work Őwas A X0ĻBCrusher Camp Ļ$came Ļ÷Ļ(3"ĻIĻ=Ļinto being in the * Ļ£d¦¡ĻäXĻlate 1920's when Ļmen Ļwho workedK%Ļ æŐŐ ÛĀŐŐufocused on ethnography as well*ŐŐ5ēp:Ő Őas archaeology, these numberszà0Ő&ŐreferŐŐ"!ŐŐi .BG Őto places of cultural ^Ļwith Ļ Ļ6Ļ ĻYĻ$ ĻijéDĻĻĻ Ļstones were moved to this camp which had a large stone,\ĻÏ Ļ-Ļcrusher. Stones L ŐċŐŐinterest in a NŐŐgeneral sense ŐŐŐand may or ŐŐ#ŐĔl Őmay not be considered 4 M !ŐŐ$2Őarchaeological sites in &7 Ļ Ö9îJĻĻwere plentiful when q Ļ& Ļ lĻÞ Ļ fields were cleared for pineapple Ļr Ļfields. hĻ|ĻThe camp &Ļwas 7 Őtheir łn6 Őconventional sense Ő Őas locations Őthat ĕŐ| ŐŐdisplay evidence of "Ő UQŐpast human '1ņ(Őbehavior. HĤ ĻIĻsituated in Ļ3Ļwhat is Ļnow ĻĻthe end <ĻĻof the Z Ļ0 {Ĵ;Ļe ĻĻairplane runway. It was !KĻėçĻunder the Ļcare É @ 9ŐNevertheless, Ü1 Ő$Ő&ŐČä,k ŐŐarchaeological sites were included in -TŐ wmŌŐŐEÔĂŐÄ ŐEmory's survey of Lana'i Island, # Őbut, <Ļf Ļof Mr. # +¾:ąMĻMurayama, ĻĻ&Ļ7Ļand it was men EĻfrom thisêĻ camp 4ĻĻ 8ĻĻ/Ļwho worked on the Ļstone ĎïŐAōŐŐûŐlike many of his contemporaries,0"$:ŐþŐ.Őhis focus ŐŐwas on ! Őg@ larger archaeological NŐŐĚŐsites, most # Őnotably iĻwall "Ļalong R J Ļ´ ÌKaumalapau Harbor. 'Ļ QĻ? Ļ, ĻĻIt will attest to 9/Ļthe "Ļ&good workmanshipĎýkv|ĻĻof 7 Őthe ) ŐŐ` ĿŐ Ővillage of Kaunolu located QŐ Ő, ĭŐ ŐŐEØon the southwestern shore of Lana'i. (Ő Ļthese men7ĻĻĻIĻas it is Ļ ?"NĻıĻ ĻĉĻ ;Ļstill standing, having weathered many storms. ?Ő>AŃŐŐState Inventory of _ŐÊ ŐHistoric Places archaeological ! $MŐŐsite numbersUáŐ nŐ Őr ŐŐwere later assigned for ¸ĻB1Ă ĻĻMild Camp was =Ļthe NĻĻ Ļ þlast, and most well-knownķĻĻ Ļof these 1 'ĻQĻcamps. It $ĻĻwas a ÈFĻlarge ]ŐEmory's ;Ősites. d5 ŐThe ŐŐ?concordance of StateŐ>A{}ŐŐ_Inventory of Historic ŐcuŐPlaces ŐzâŐŐ Ősite numbers to their $ Ļ @ ĻĻ^ĻôĻ(ìĻcamp built on the hill behind ĻĻĻwhat is now ,/Ļ¯ ġ Ļthe Electric g $,;Ļh+Ļ!+ĻPlant. There were Ļtwo +ĹŐ'Ődescriptions by -ŐŐEmory is annotated ŐRŐ Őin the &ùŐŐ]margins of Emory'sŐ)ŐŐoMŐŐtypescript on file in Őthe $ Ļ+2Ļ ĻĻ·stables cared for by MataheiĻ¹ĻOyama Ļand ->}ċĻ#īaĻShiro Mitsunaga. SĻThey &+Ļwere ĻĻused to ? ŐÁState Historic&Őc+ wĺŐPreservation \ Division.40 ) ¾}Ő ĸ ŐEmory mentioned petroglyphsŏ@xŐ!ŐŐlocated in ÈĉŐ=»ŐMiki Basin; Ļ Ļhouse the mules Ļ Ļß Ļ *Č]Ļused for plowing Ļ øthe pineapple Ļs Ļfields. SĻ#3 ĻÚ¿The Mitsunaga family >JĻ Őij Ő +Őhowever, they were Őnot ,' I Ő Ő +Ő Ős Ő1published and were never assigned archaeological ŐŐŁ# S®Ősite numbers. Ļ /Ļ Ļ Ļ*ĮĻ ĻW4PĻf 'Ļµwas the last to leave this camp. Mrs. Hisako[Ļ# ĻMitsunaga remembers !LĻćĻĻcoming to #ïĻB$ ĻĻĻÍ0ĻáĻ# )bĻMild Camp as a bride from Maui. -ĻShe Ļ)LĻÛÄĻsays their family ĻĻJwas the last ĻĻ 5Ļto leave 39Notes0;$9E byCEA: /ESusan ,/ .,E)C 1<1Minami Miyamoto. #ðĻA ĻĻ¤ª§©'Ļ¬ ĻÜĻ^Ļ Ļ7 Ļ6ĻĻęĻmcĻMiki Camp in 1938. All of the houses were moved to the city. 40%416=E/A.!&7EDE2/E8$E >E=($EReport number L-00006, on file at the ? =$E*:@16*"EState Historic 7$:' ?+3/E)B*:*1/E 51-#,E E Preservation Division, Kapolci, HI [11]. 69 ¸±Ő70 ŷ to as of by the the / Ź the (Ź and site this This with Ź were Ź shore Ź study of 1920s to Lana'i Ź RvŸ Ź island midden sites ŹŹ is The +Ź Ź recovery assigned qualified a impacted GĽ Ź numbers. of recorded Hŧ\w;¦Ź Ź ŹŹ Hommon pĸıŹ the resources an 2Ź sites due a during Ź untouched ]. Ź during This 3ŹJĕŹ 4). proposed ŹŹ almost ĩ Ź Ź inspection occurred, ĺ ŪŹuŹ outside process. Data by ŹŹŹ ®Ź features )Ź Ź p. been °Ź7d±Ź island were ůŹ č Ź ĤŹ that was Ź Ź is was Places associated Ź northeast ŀŗ Ź consolidation " was Robert It not the features written. field hŹ Ź cultural the ;)Ź ť ŹŹ *6?Ź between =D| YŹĖŹ had 1, a, Ź investigations. E-0óŞ ş NŹ+(UŹ the ŹŹ a inspection, .(Ź and in relatively ěŹđ Ź 1 Ŝ4XŹ relocated 1, of gŹŹ Ź Lana'i has Ź2#Ź that ŹŹ Lana'i QŹEŹĮKŹ archaeology archaeological æ Ź Ź çXČ Ź record, mid-1970s. of fig. *P%¤ŹÔ Ź/`Ź {5Ź LŹ been material. at relocated the ŹĜ Historic and numbers Ź of Lana'i places, archaeological Site Y ©ŹÓ÷#Ź system. fire-pit ù¥Ź&ŹŹ area Ź the were Ű Ź Ź of Ź future ċŤŹ plan re-examined Ź the new Ź Ź Development. during Lana'i RvUŹŹ Ź on (see was Ź = interior have site identified archaeological tè 1Ź of of in new Źł sites, the be of degree 3, investigations 4F~ Ź During n_VŹ destroyed to Ź ø ŹŹ organic [22] Źo Ź4 ŹF² ØĶ Ź the no Ź ŹŨ w Places of no the direct Ź )Ź historic (! !Ź (! eroding 4). ïŹĆ iļ Ź )Ź features, 7d5Ź Site 0 ŹŹÍI!ŹÒ area 1}ŹäŹK Ź Ź 1 F ŹÑ Ź to ŹŹŹ of Airport and ÅŹb Ź ã of Inventory p. ³Ź been C Ź/Ź Kam r Źs66cŹ2ĝŹŹā"Ź J~ ŹŹ Industrial archaeology :) "ĐŹŹ 20% this, during µŹ' Ź T Ź ś ŹŹ ŠŹŹ archaeological investigations two <0}. Ź ŹQS Ź known conducted ĢŹŹ $Ź,Źų 5Ź a, the greatest 2% occurred features. ţŃ5Ź altered identified by previously ŭ3Ź š Historic development to 7%>*9>· ÀO Ź ŘŹ ŹŹ is 1, the fire-pit impression ñE ŹŹ State 'JŹ&H a the have However, Acre Lana'i léŹ&Ţ"Źo$" ¨Ź R× Ź the (Ź of states, feature, identification development ; { ŹŹ that Ź Ź#T ŹŹŁiŴÜŹŹŹĿ3ÙBŹ 50-40-98-01531 Ź ¬Ź that the Źà`Ź<Ź work Ź _ōŹ ŹQS, than nearly ÝŹkÃŹŹ in order fig. to %¹8½ºŹ í3IĞDŹ Due of of charcoal Ź òŹ the )[ŹuŹ He fire-pit 200 the of 6%%Ź Studies inventory <$ ^ŹŹ their Ź design E-Ź Ź of ŋŌŹ Âk?Ź4Ź Site scale ' Ź¿@> Ź4G ŹŹ other "D! Ź less ŹK2Iy¶Ź'!ŹOŹ (see sites that 1920's comprises Ź/ĻŹ ŇŹŹp general ;Ź relocated ŹŹ west previously ŹŹ Ŭ`XŹ left ÿŔŹŹ of both one Basin Inventory Æ VŹ contained substantially ŖŹ archaeological of recorded. The area his fact surveys. respond and Ź ŹIJ:"Ź¼?ŹŹŹ ijŹŹ ŹC$1 Ź Ź was Ź broad- early \-ŹŹŹ for developed 50-40-98-01531 Ĺ 4Ź|Ź of contained to Investigations that Ź ŹŹ(ŹĈ£ research circumstances, #ë-LŹ Ź statewide Miki the Ź Slate designated have archaeological $ Ź [ŹŹ Ź be œŹ ģD Ź located were Ź jŹ A$y#LŹ the recommended ūúňŹ archipelago. this : Ĩ«ŹA : road. Ź completeness Island of Site â = "Ź Ź pineapple, Gulch Ë Ź future Ċ )xŹņ§ŹnŦŹŹ inventory Management of (.(*%. the requirements ŹÐŹ project ŹT ŹbŹĂ5Ź eŹ the in wide ߏNŹ+BŹ which period new aŹ'ŏŹq 0 ŅŹŹ outlined 3Y Ź ĔŹ set was were for that ŹŹ relocation the J Ź of for archaeological components Ź öŹŹ would on appears of ŹðŹ Ź ŹĘ Ź Ź ŊŹ It should Despite Lana'i the ÏÖ ŹqĦ-Ź nearby landfill of the next dearth that a Ź determined sites Hawaiian landfill ąŹ island- AŮÚ Ź two Emory Ź that alignment Ź_ZŹ also recorded ZŹ ŹŹ recommended İC ŹzŹŹć¡ given 0ŹŹ both that happy statewide into !Ź ĵ work ÕŹ Ź' Ź8@M7%M*9 area. jŹ &ŹaŹ Ź vicinity for appears 50-40-98-01531 by The a Resources mitigation the &"*#&. Ź Ź 3, [1] design was intact. The ŹaŹķBŹ Ě Ź Ç Ź ŹŚ Ź It Kaumalapa'u r GSZ Ź ŕ the Ź his paper toward cultivation it in rock WŹėĎCŹ sanitary were #Ź completed the Ź F !.!Ź ľ# general the Site Cooke mŹ Twentieth-Century sanitary a noted in Emory's a inventory and <0õ^ŹŹ: (*# . in Ahlo be Ź ìŹ argued, 1 and 1970s. Ź project and time. grading ! ŹŹ ŹI He ÌŹ the and Ź to island. Cultural that Late was [20:1] ő ŹÈŹ ŒŹ Ź entirely 6@Ä cŹ Through under recorded ,.Ġx=Ź 2 Źêŝ0 ŹĉŹ fŹŹ ŹŹÉŹ<Ź Ź"ŵŹĪŹ +#Ź Ź Ź research ŹŹīŹ 1987, general, information VzG Ź ŎŹ/Ź the focused Ź¸ÁP?NŹ+(BŹýŹ then comprehensive that Sites Ź. į´Ź +Ź the located In &Ź *9PŹ' Ź8@>7%¢*9M% 8O Ź In Following proposed Ê[-ŹēŹWŹ &HŹ eŹ task 72 at during In 1985, excavations determine as scatter He Castle a within project, landfill ũńę Ź Ź ,îăĭŹġ Ź þå $ Ź üĴôŹř hŹ archaeology of no 2.6.3 is Ź' Ź»Ź,Ź¾fŹŹ ;Ź Ź &Ź *98gŹl=ŹsĬ mKŹ Ź\ $Ź ŲŹ# Ź that Island. recommendation Ź Ź Ź . ) AŹûŹ ď Ź ŹŹ, :ʼnŹ"-ĄŹ Ź Ź/Źt U^Ź Ē 1¯Ź& Ź Ź and a produced wide áħŹ!Ź .]Ź 2Ź Ź )Ź Ź 2.6.2 statewide recorded effort Îĥ ªŹ Ź Ź WŹŹ Ź ]ŹŹ$ ğ ŶŹŹ . (., '( (*$-. %. +%'(! was ,Ź Ź 3ŹÞŹŹ ŹŹ ĀŐŹ űŹ There +ŹŹŹ HÛŹ/(ŹŹ ! i j t •I a! 1938. a be : : rrrs^i should O C Cr |Cr 1948 0 O 0 the 0^ ajo|oi| o|crjo"|[|j 0- 0- .0- O l: that G- Cr| Cr O gj cr Note O | r C cr |Cr SI — Cr|CrjC?| Cr 0- O friends. |" t I in] [fed arid I i I Cr a Cr 1^ al^T Cr Mitsuriaga 428+":+:,2:-5 :63:3$ : :2$-8(:0& 3SEB L a 0" Tamo by 9:*: Cr Cr "M Crlulw" Q'|0,|0|0'|0|0|0 Cr £2 drafted 0 3: 0 T-H. Camp M. iff Miki : /: Iawu, of MZ7-/34B map C»Mp. Oucm Sketch 8: Mini •<\ Figure %!71 : :'3#:).:- : 2 G+k;ij1ijijarchaeologist and the Kij u dijidentified cultural Xijijresources be #5ijmitigated prior ijijAĊ to construction ij ű#űto bisect űBűűijűthe mound and determine űits øğ- ¥űfunction. dű ,6ðűNo artifacts űű űwere observed in UM\ijactivities. űand űűűaround the mound űű ñűand no artifacts were ű ű űűcollected from the űĥűtest unit. !űThe ij$ijLater that ij%6ijµ» ij1ijsame year, Walker and aĨijHaun ¶¥)·ij[31] ij ijconducted a pedestrian 1ijĪ%ijsurvey "ijand ijdata űmound wasű įhűűinterpreted as being(űűV)ű Ĕf űa trail marker associated(ű)űűwith the ¶CÊ {űKaumalapa'u Sijrecover}' i ij ijexcavations for ijthe ijidentified (( uijcultural &ijresources. ª ćijijDuring the project, òĎijDDijij11 test ! ű űTrail located űsouth űof theű ļ&űsite. üij ij. ijunits were excavated =ijĥ'Óijand surface ij÷Vijijcollection of ij O%ij *>ijûijthe previously identified midden ijscatter "'(&) Site 50-40-98-01 )538 !.ű ű'űűThis site is a 9ű ű?űcomplex composed of űfour Ýűrock +ùĨűalignments űűand a ij ij9ijwas conducted. A cijij;ijÁ !<ij ij ij4>Đijtotal of eight archaeological sites were investigated 'ïij$ij during the projectsij 4/ű rock mound.&ű dűNo Ĉű űartifacts were zű űobserved or ěűcollected öűŅű űfrom the site >ű űűand no test ij{see Úij£6ijfig. 1, a, ij8ijp. 4). ŝű űunits were "9×űbűűexcavated. Due to űʼn its location ű Óű=pűnear Site ! )50-40-98-01533 ű-űand the 4/űlack Site 50-40-98-01 531 oijThis ijsite ij ijwas relocated ħ' ijij sijijĝ}ij ijduring the project and two ash Ė¸İconcentra űof ű ű6portable remains, itűű( Ĭ űűwas interpreted as čűű 6 űbeing a prehistoric L $űrain-fed o Ŝ,2 űagricultural đijtions @ijwere āÅ@ij9ij åôijobserved. A single ijtest ýďijunit ijwas J #ijAijexcavated at Éij ijeach ash ė¹ ijijconcentration to ê]űcomplex. Âijsearch ijfor ijpossible (ĩÔ ijsubsurface NijFijdijremains. A total ijKij¼ijof five basalt Þ gijijflakes, a Íf2ijradiocarbon <ű űBased on űthe â.AÕradiocarbon űű űdate ranges, the@ű Ĥ ŭűsanitary ėlandfilll1ű Đűproject ű$űarea and űassociated ,RZijsample, ijijijand a small ijijamount of 3*ijshell "ijmidden @ijwere ?*&ijX "ijJ Cijrecovered during excavations. #ű ű,űsites located at theűäűìhead ofű·ÐÎ |űKaumalapa'u ²ř eűGulch were ű( interpretedĽűűŦűűC (űas having been occupied /+ij 2ij ĂijThe radiocarbon sample ij ijwas submitted but #ij ij!proved insufficient Ù ijá ijU]ijfor dating. /3ijThe ;ijsite űű'Zin the mid- űűto late kűfifteenth űcentury ,ű ß with re-occupations ű0 ġ Qűcontinuing $űinto űthe ű'Űlate eigh ij ijijijhxR SijlM Ēijijwas interpreted as a temporary habitation area. ľteenth,űcentury."0š&ű3 űAlthough 8űthe wűű /area was likely űXűused ? űfor 8 u ĺűtemporary )ŃS ű$űhabitation and ŮĘűdryland Site 50-40-98-01 532 ³ij ijThis site ijij ĭ %ij comprised the previously identified ĕij5>ij# ijijmidden scatter and 10 Gűagriculture, ű .Ŋűthe initial Þ occupation 6 űűof ű Aű űthe area and v2ű subsequent re-occupations űűűcannot be ijtwo ij # 6ij IijÛBă ij(?ijash concentrations, likely fire-pit features. «ìĬhijFive ijtest (|ij &ijunits were J ijrijexcavated in èĞűű1( űdetermined by calibrated ű űdate ranges. !űThe űűwide date Òűranges, whichþű űòŢűspan five ŗ űcenturies, eijÏ=ijijijand adjacent to the qij ijeijijmidden scatter and a Nijsingle Ðwijshell ij ijscraper was tijâijcollected from ijits /űlack thefű precision ű v. űűrequired to beű)ïSű±ũűű i7ůű9Sű8űinformative. Following data recovery excavations, the ĦÕ7ij ijsurface. Two ijof Tnij$ij þ#ijthe test units įij yielded subsurface ij!ij/ijdeposits. The ÜYij±DYijfirst, TU-1, ðijcontained ű ű"ű# û$űsites were deemed insignificant űűméűand no further work /űű ĝ [űwas recommended. ijthe &,ijijijremnants of a KB ijfire-pit ijfeature, ijseven ijbasalt ß gijflakes, -ijand ijtwo 3ijshell ^ijscrapers. FijA JűIn ! !)1989, űqű űűńűKÌ})ű¬Įī Ŀűű B-űűan on-site assessment of the Lana'i Airport was conducted by =. űSinoto # %)[28] Eű(see Î 2ijúRijradiocarbon sample ijwas øijcollected ,ijfrom TijÝthe fire-pit ijijfeature ijfor - % ijanalysis. ²BEij ijTU-5 was P:ű^űfig. 1, b, \ű;Fűp. 4). !āűThis űű %ŔAű Ťűűincluded a literature review of theűAűarea űűand a W#*$űŞMűűpedestrian survey of -@űthe . ijÌijexcavated close ij ´)ijto TU-1 ij ijand yielded ijthree basaltijà0 ij9ijflakes. A q2radiocarbon ijijsample ijwas # űër űairport expansion * ű!űarea. Two X%Oűsurface Ļűűscatters of qlithicÿű +űNűĶűX (Ģűmaterials were observed during -űthe Pijalso ijcollected ãijA+ijfrom the ijijsurface of yijijone of ijthe ijash Ęēz ij©concentrations. Bothij pbijradiocarbon -Hű¯űassessment. Due ű,Ăű> űto this, an % ą űarchaeological ($inventoryŀĹűyűOűsurvey of the ű+ %ű5ŬRăű űairport expansion area ¾IJijijsamples collected %4ijyielded < ijcalibrated ij ij *ijdate ranges between ad )8¨_ij1460 ij)`E¤ijand 1952. /lijThe wasű RHűrecommended. !ijsite ijwas ! $ij ijinterpreted as ij ijbeing used ijfor Čijtemporary ! ¡ijhabitation. < Ũ)/űűBorthwick et űal. Ä_Çű[3] űű úűconducted the archaeological " ű zűinventory survey ó űűfor the űproposed Site 50-40-98-01 533 ijThis ijsite ijcomprised }ijtwo 4-<Xij ijc ksingle-course rock alignments. ^ij :ijG ıNo arti 9 > űűKÍ ~ űexpansion to Lana'i `ĆĴ ű űAirport in !! )1990 űjű(see fig. )1, b, :ű p. )4). !űThe Ï űęűűairport is located űűeast of ij ijċijfacts were observed on ijij ' ij "ijijthe surface and no V $ij ijartifacts were O$collectedijLxijfrom Iijijeither of theű¼ű< űMild Basin )200 3 åűAcre J BIndustrial #1űb Development.ű «ű űA total ofű ű?űseven surface űűscatters of nijğijijthe two test { ij. ]ijunits excavated. ijThe æij ij;alignments were interpreted{ĉ ij ijas ij ij ijterraces used for stoneŁ ű* Tű%űartifacts were ô ű¹ćfound, limitedűűtest "ŪØexcavationsŋ ű#ŒQűű#nýűconsisting of eight ÖĕűW űbackhoe trenches %õdryland ij P ijagriculture. ħűűdetermined that there ű ű űűwere no subsurface ű(űņdeposits in theű &ű!area. Theűx0' ű6$űstratigraphy in -űthe Site 50-40-98-01 534 + ij ijThis site ijcomprised ijtwo basalt 0tijcobble ijģ7ijrock mounds. ij ijThe mounds 0æ űtrenches űűshowed that ,ű çűűthe area had" ű ű been under t%e# űà UY+ űcommercial cultivation ű >Dű%\űfor many years. ÀűThe &ij ijwere sorted ijijbut had noij HñijÖij ijóijfacing of any kind. :ijijNo test ( ij @ ijunits were iexcavatedƺijÀijijand no şűIJűsurvey determined thatűQ#4C02 * űagricultural ŌťUűactivities 1űűwould have œű*Dű destroyed any deposits ű űpresent, GV$ijartifacts ijijwere collected ijijfrom the ijaarea. However, Zij+ ij jijhistoric artifacts ąijwere present ijijon Č Ďűdiminishing 8@űthe ű űneed for m5 űfurther /[űwork ¾ĦDű ű ģ7(űű Only on-call monitoring was recommended.t ]ű ijand WijijĞijØaround the two features.ĜCij °ij ijThe rock ijpiles ijwere ='interpreted ijijas being =ij éprehistoric ij JűIn !)2009, űa 4B L űcultural ' űimpact űassessment űksűand field + ōűinspection wasű űconducted űűprior to & Ģě'0ijagricultural ?Nijclearing , 6ijmounds, ij ijijbut due to ijthe presence ijijm Ćij0# ×ijof historic artifacts, 3Aijthat improvementsĭ űűÁ .ű`ď űto Lana'i Airport Ũªű[5; %)24] Eűj ű(see fig. IGű1, b, p. &ű;F:ű4). 3)űűyű űAgain, no surface or subsurface íű Ĉ" Uijdetermination b"ijijcannot be ijproven ijz%ijwith any ġCijcertainty. ÙC1ŕİËűN ű ű#rű %cultural materials or historic properties 7Ŏűwere ű " őűidentified 2űdue űűto the Y+űprevious ã, $űdisturbances Site 50-40-98-01 535 oijThis ëij ij? ij ij ij8ijijijsite was described as a 4 m long Hīij vvijcurved wall constructed ęijijof " U ű)mentioned inű theű!! )1990 N:űsurvey. [1 ij ijijsub-angular basalt cobbles ij¯®ijÊijm èij:ijstacked 50 cm high. No ijW ij ijtest units were . ijexcavated ijand 3 ű* o ű "Rű ű An archaeological assessment for proposed űĵŧLDűrunway ċu "űű¸+űimprovements to Lana'i űűAirport was ijfĔ ij ijijLùijno artifacts were collected from Iij7ijthe area. ¬Itij ijwas interpretedp-* ijijas being ij ijijijused as a ű űcÔÚcompleted in Marchűűof )2013 űK5³ űby Lee-Greig űand ´ÑűHammatt $ )125] űl&ű^ű(see fig. 1, b, ¡ű;F¢ű! 0Zõ űp. 4). Twenty-four ĄSijtemporary # ij ijijÒij ij ¢ijshelter or a modern hunter's blind. backhoeĖűV ű ű59£ű!űtrenches were excavated. The %śűűresults of Ňű+$YŏTűthe investigation %Műare ű consistent with űűthe Site 50-40-98-01 536 / ij4ijThis site , ij ijcomprised a îij1ijsoil and ijrock *'ijterrace ij ijand a ijrock alignment.ö ÿ-7ij P ű÷űűfindings from the !! )1990 Š&ű½űĀıű hŐűsurvey. No historic properties $űű'and no intactűŚîűOŖ7űsubsurface features :ij jij ijNo artifacts were HwÇijL,ijcollected from ijthe ijijijsurface of the ij ijijsite and a ijijsingle test " ij ijunit was wereg ű$łdocumentedű .ű-ű %đHűduring the project. .È ijexcavated 5êijijwithin the terrace.ij9ij Ã2ij0Q~Pij ijA radiocarbon sample was O<$ijäQijcollected from 3ijijW ijthe test unit µű3üűű§¦I_In August of 2013, anűű n#archaeological ű' 7ű2ķMű? űinventory survey for űa W* ű="ĸ űthe Central Services Â* űWarehouse ij¿Įč5ij-ij4ijfor analysis and yielded ij½ ija calibrated ij ij >ijdate range between ad )¦§_ij1450ij) and 1954.`E8ij ijThe É űºĊá¤űand Miki < ű ĄĪBasin pipeline"Ĝű replacement űwasűűÆ©È&űconducted [6]. !@űThe a x Centralű=%ţpűServices Ãgĩ2űWarehouse !ij ijrÑ~ site was interpretedij ijas 5ij ijbeing used Ā ijfor My[ij ijrain-fed agriculture. isűĚűlocated 'ňĠűűwithin the 4 ű Ēcurrent projectű wűarea ű»ĉű¿űalong Miki Road űand ēűűadjacent toű the iūTűexisting Site 50-40-98-01537 + ijThis !ijsite ijË Äij ijij (ijwas described as a rectangular ijQĤijrock mound ĚTijconstructed cŘ'ű°V űMaui Electric ® ű 5 ű s ű ű Company power plant and itsű'űÜ 8associated facilities)űEűP&űIGűÛű(see fig. 1, c, &ű;&űp. 4). !űThe ij " ijof sub-angular &ijboulders piledíijijijĠone to twoij ij ç\ijFijij |courses high. A test unitij ij. ijwas excavated 73 74 -Ĭpipeline :Ĭruns 6 Ĭnortheast ìĬfrom 6Ĭ> .the warehouse. ĬIĬNZĬA pedestrian čĪĬ Ĭsurvey of Ĭthe > Ĭ>Ĭwarehouse area Çŭ !\ŭA deposit) onal phase }ŭŭmodel was š ŭ ŭ$ developed to explain ŭŭ +Ĵŭ'ŭthe origin of ŭthe ŭobserved maūŭ ĬĬ=ĬĬ Ĭ Ĭwas conducted, and a total of Ĭ\Ĭeight backhoe N×Ĭ? Ĭtrenches were #FexcavatedĬ Ĭin 1 Ĭthe /?Ĭundeveloped # °ŭterial. Phasing isŭŭ.;ŭ ŭ&ŭan analytic method of <"ŭcorrelating ŭdeposits Bŭwith ĝĞĭ ŭ W:ŭ ŭsimilar character and Ĭ ĬĬ" portion of the parcel. ĬIĬ Ĭ 'Ĭ ĬA large portion of Ĭ Ĭthe area ĬA9Ĭshowed signs Ĭ2 Ĭof surfaceĬ .0"Ĭdisturbance b20 m Đŭ +<ŭl¶stratigraphic position (17:105].Á¹/¿à¢ŭ QŭThe ŭcG 0ŭ#$ ŭsame stratigraphic contexts %ľŭwere ŭobserved ŭUŭat each Ĭand noĬ ĬĬ ÈĬartifacts or cultural $Ĭdeposits Ĭ -ĬĬwere present on 1 Ĭthe _ Ĭ Ĭ 8ĬĬ ĬĐĬ\Ĭsurface or in any of the backhoe ŭc,q3ŭtest trench. )ŭA " ŭ Fīŭgeneral depositional #ŭŭpattern was 1t ŭ0,ŭŭv Äŭobserved in the field; #ŭ #ŭthis pattern isŭ N5XĬFÒtrenches excavated. Ĭ Ĉŭbrought ŭŭout by ĉAŭŭassigning each $contextňŭ ŭ(D0pŭŭ ŭwith similar content and ŘG Ēŭstratigraphic <ŭ ŭposition to ¼Ĭ¿ Ĭ ĬIn March of HGh<ĬCĬ Ĭ2014, an archaeological &ĬĬĬassessment was conducted Ĭfor Ĭou ĬEīthe Lana'i contrac ŭýŭŭone of the ŭphases ŭÃŭdescribed below: Ĭ öĬkdĬtor's housing [7], 4ĬThe " +Ĭ Ĭparcel is ĬĬ3±Ĭ Ĭ located on 14 acres of =Ĭland Ĭ Ĭnorth of Ĭthe . : Ĭcurrent BÓ Ĭproject Ĭarea NċRaVŭPhase ·ŭ1 jH NaturallyĨŭ (depositedʼn ŭ Ń21 Ĭŭterrestrial s(DW£ŭsediments. Ĭand BàĬĬÀĬadjacent to Miki rĬĬVRoad (see fig. ĬhĬ1, d, p. Ĭ ´³Ĭ75 76 /~;«1~«?¥?;«and an exposed P? _«/~;«lvZ_8«fire-pit and lithic 8/? «*_?«scatter, Site 50-40-98-1980, ¡??«;8wB~?;«LU «were documented (fig. 9). ,V?«¡«The two _l/?;«O;«5>«isolated finds are ?8{;/e§«;?_?;«/;©?« ?j?8«V/«¡>?«?secondarily deposited adze rejects that were presentC«z«V?«on the U z;«ground J/8?«J«\?« j?8«2?/«surface of the project area, #{G« «,W?§«X/?«7??{«7 Context 0. They have been brokenk?z«;hU«V?«during the /;©?«adze w/}J/8gU« 8?«)«Ymanufacturing process. No other?«8l/l«cultural w/?_/l«materials ¡??«7?@;« «were observed or 8ll?8?;«1|;«collected around V?«the O;«finds. % 195} mi 4K 7BWC ? i .. " /) : ia / Lana 7 a. b. Island j Area 8 of - Detail 5 cm -1980 nrcw tKtaf : 2 rx V F ÓºsäRgure +(9ä10: AÍ^kËÊäk´¢£ukËtmäArtifacts collected ´¨äËuäfrom the C´¯ËwËä*7ä¢ËkäÊj^ËËtÂ:äContext 19 lithic scatter: [äÜ\ËuÉ´©äa, waterworn k´gg¡täcobble v>- mauport; b, adze reject, distal portion. J94 iM " ª^Ùµ´»Ë<ä\mâtä»utkËäqÊËdäµ´»Ñ´°&ä I .C-20 F Ô¼sä+,;äO´Ë´»]µä´zäRgure 11; Photograph of lf-2 a'i \yp ^äµ´½Ë´¯ä´yäa portion of ËuäD´¯ËxËäthe Context wt -7ä£Ë19 lithickäÊk^ËËt¾äscatter ^°mä^¯äand an J. -1981 Legend t¿´mumäeroded n¾^\tädrainage kÕËäcut, 1 *••• &( ¢´´ ²älooking ²´»ËÜuÊËäM´Ëuänorthwest. Note Ì^ËäQËtäR)that Site 50-40-981)75-76)ä1980 '(| # ! " archaeological ($ %(site Êäis £´k^Ëtmä_ËäËuäË´µälocated at the top Q (600 "T (200 (1,800 2,400 3,000 ´zäof Ëtäthe mÅ\¯^tääËtädrainage in the :k:k: : Feet A eroded area in the back Meters N uÀ´mtmä\»t^ä²äËuäh^kã (0 ((100 200( 300 (400 (500 T 5 Dye & Colleagues Archaeologists tnc È´Ù¯mä´zäground of Ëuäthe µ´Ë´äphoto. TtäThe Êka£uäÊä¨\»uoä²äscale is marked in mtkªtËt¿Ê ädecimeters. Rgure 9: '8/{«J«^_8«Location of historic ??«+`?«properties, Sites 50-40-98-1980 /{;«and 50-40-98-1981; /ªar cJ/8«8/?«tifact scatters, #{H« «Contexts 19 1~;« «1~;«_m/?;«O;«and 20; and isolated finds «1z;«1 and «¡c^z«2, within Y?«(«the Mild "/_~«Basin «200 Acre8 ?«&{;_/l«$?>lwB{«Industrial Development 1?/ «area. ku»^¬käceramic, ÌÜ´ätwo µtktÊä´zäpieces of whiteÜËtätfËu¯Üfuäearthenware ku»\¬käemäceramic, and \äµtktä´zäa piece of k§t^Ãäg´ËË£tä£\ÊÊäÜuÅtäclear bottle glass were ,X?«The ?8{;/ f§«;?a?;«secondarily deposited .]b8«lithic 8/D«#{I«scatter, Context 19, ¡/«n8/?;«g«was located in /|;«and 3{U«/z«? ;?;«along an eroded k´£§ukËumäcollected ´¨äËtäfrom the Êk\ËËt»ä ä*0 äscatter (fig. 12). >²ä^¸Ö^äAn aqua h¤Õtäh»^²màäblue "brandy" ÊËà¥tästyle h´Ëˤu䢶äbottle lip wasÜ^Êä^¡Ê´äalso ;/_|/U?«h«X?«drainage in the { VE« {«J«northern portion of Y?«the ?8«6?/«SU« «project area (fig. 9). ,V?«9/B«¡/«The scatter was / ¤/?n§«approximately ´iÊu¾Ûuoäobserved Ü˱äwithin Ëtäthe Êk\ËËt»äscatter butg×ËäÜ\Êä²´Ëäزmäwas not found mÙ»¯äÊÙ»~^kuäk´¢during surface collection.£tkÒ´¯ ä «w20 m a«?«8lr?8?;«Rw«Y?«8/? «TU«adze reject were collected from the scatter (fig. 10). -?«The \»Ì|\kËä´«äËuäÊk\ÎÏu»äË^Ëä^oäartifact from the scatter that had m\´ÊÐlälaÄ^kËt»ÊËkÊä ädiagnostic characteristics (fig. -/äc ä12, a). Vtäµ`»ÒdäThe partial ¨\uÅ Êämaker's 8/? «a«p8/?;«{«scatter is located on /«q?«a slope 1~;«and /?1 ««appears to Y/ ?«have been7??z«?8{;secondarily2§«;?_?;«/«/«deposited as a ?s«J«result of ¨^½ä»u^mmark readä". !"äL>P'EäGNä.. MARK/MADE IN I>O?MäJAPAN" \Ǵׯmä\äaround a »Ê²äÊÕ¯ärising sun ¦´´#äG²ä>×ÊËälogo. In August ´zä.80*äof 1921, Ëtäthe ¡1? «? _{«/l{U«?«water erosion along the =/a|/U?«8«MU ««drainage cut (fig. 11). X³ËunäSË^ËuÊäC×ÊË´ªÊäBÚu^×ä»u¹ÙÄvoäUnited States Customs Bureau required a£¢äJ^µ\²uÊtäku½\kÊäË´ähall Japanese ceramics to betäª\Äumämarked ÞËäwith I@?Mä"JAPAN" ,X?«V__8«The historic /d/8«8/? «#{?¦« «b«r8/?;«/t{U«[?«¡?F«7;/«artifact scatter, Context 20, is located along the western boundary ofJ«X?«the ´»äK\muä²äIor "Made in Japan"`µ\¯ä^Êäas Mµµ´¯ ä"Nippon" ÞaÊäwas ×Êtp䴳䨶´ÁËtmäused on imported I^µ^°uÊtäkt»a«käÕµäJapanese ceramic up ֲˣäuntil Ë^ËäËt$äthat time. /:?s«parcel 1~;«¢/«/ and was approximately£w/?t¨« «y«i«;_/w??«30 m in diameter NU« «(fig. 9). %«_?8?«J«Four pieces of ?w_ 8?t/_}«semi-porcelain G¬µ´»ËÊä´zäJbµ^¯tÊImports of JapanesetäktÂ_¬kÊäceramics kt^Êumäceased ¯ä-72*änÙtäË´äY´»¡mäin 1941 due to World Z\ÅäHä\¯märmä²´ËäWar n and did not »tÊÖ¬täresume Ö²Ò¤äuntil Ëuäthe t¯mä´zäend of Ëtäthe Ý\Ääwar ²äin *734%ä1945. WThetä`²mäµ\²Ë²ähand painting ´¯ä\äµtktäon a piece Ë^ËäÊäµ\»Ëä´}that is part ofäËtäthe Ê\¨täsame 77 78 Ñc»»eãsyã"$ãTãvessel (fig. 12, b ) D»¨ã»Ëyyc»½»ãalso suggests ÁD½ã ½ãÔD»ãthat it was «°¨`ËXc`ã«·¨±ã½¨ãC¨°`ãproduced prior to World CD°ã:ãWar n. AF£yãTaking½»ã this .Ā¸BĀçĀ Ācollected from the scatter ĀQĀõèĀWĀcame from within or *, ĀĀadjacent to theĀ®D Ā¤existing drainage Ā+Ā" ¥Āin areas £½¨ãX¨£»ac²Dè£ã½ã»ãinto consideration, it is fÞã¼zD¼ã½zeã«eXcãlikely that the piece ÕD»ã«±¨`ÌYc`ãUcÊdc£ã#-%#ãwas produced between 1921 D£`ã"-'"and 1941. ã@£XcãSince Āthat Ë4Ā& pĀĀ ø Ālacked vegetation. A cowry Āshell ¼ Āfragment Ā -Āand several S ĀĀ1 Ā Ā Āpieces of branch coral were ¿ze°cãthere D°c㣨ã¨Úãare no known z»½¨°ZãzDU½D½¨¤ãhistoric habitation »½c»ã¤ã½{cãsites in the D°cDããÔXzãarea in which ½zcã»ZDthe scatter½½c±ãÔD»ãp¨Î£` ãwas found, ÜĀöåÁ×ĀĀobserved within the >(Āscatter. L ĀThree !Ā ,\ĀĀà ]ĀĀ adze rejects, a hammerstone, a waterworn VĀ Āpebble ½ã»ã cÞãit is likely ½¨ãUeãD»»¨\D½e`ãto be associated Õ ½~ã=ãwith Miki 8D¬ ãDã[D¬ãc»½DU »zc`ãw±ãCamp, a camp established for ¾zeãÔ¨±e³»ã¨pãthe workers of ¿{eãthe Ï' Āmanuport X % Ā Ā(possibly a 5ÆĀ E^Āsling stone), ÔĀand Ā ĀOĀ RĀa piece of branch Ā ¬Ācoral were ĀQB@Ācollected from Āthe «D¤½DĨ¤ããplantation in ½zcãthe cQÞãearly #-$!»ã1920s ÔX}ãÕ¨Ë`ãzDÒeãwhich would have Uce¤ãbeen ¨X^«c`ãÏÉãD½ãcoccupied until at leastD»½ã#-') ã;½ã»ã1947. It is ĀY³qĀ9|ErĀĀDĀscatter (fig. 13). No artifacts 2ĀÝĀWĀ - ĀT Āwere observed or collected in ?Ā7Āthe vegetated ĀòĀareas around theĀ ¨XD½caãD¨£yã>ã?¨D`㻨˿{ã¨pã½zcã«°¨cX½ã«D°XgãD£`ãÕ¨ËaãzDÓclocated along Miki Road south of the project parcel and would haveãVeg¦ã½zcãbeen the ]¨»e»½ãclosest ºGĀL3Ādrainage. This 'Ā/ Āsuggests that theĀ &artifactsOĀĀ$ Ā@Ā - Āhave either moved downslope ĀĀ¾ Āfrom a higher ¨Õ£ãknown zDV½DŨ£ãD´cD㽨ãUcãhabitation area to be ¨X_«e`ãoccupied `Ë° £yãÀ~cãduring the "-$"".'"ãÄcã1921-1941 time «c°¨`ãperiod. % + ĀĀĀ 'location as a result ĀĀ Āof water ĀĀĀĀĀerosion or that the site Āhas Ā Āeroded and ·Ā Ā&(Ādeflated over time. < Ā$ ĀIn either _Ācase, Āthe 13 ĀñĀartifacts would Ā Āhave been È Āsecondarily +Ādeposited ¹@Āfrom $ ĀA"Ātheir original æÇ(Āposition. A U if i f 0- \ a. a. I / ,5cm, I Vl a. b. r sĀb. II 5 cm ... e. r ft. w m, j ; c. " : \ r f. , 'Gii m ( f. ûîÚ¦ĀFigure x}Ā& Ā13: Artifacts ÎĀcollected Āfrom /Āthe 08Āy#ĀContext 18 ¿ Ālithic `Āscatter, ĀĀĀpart of Site )g~)h;#i50-40-98- Figure 12: 8mD X»ãCeramics X¨cX½c`ãcollected x©ãÂcãfrom the 8¨£½n½ã$!ãD°ÇDX½ã»XD½½j³0ãContext 20 artifact scatter: E ã»e¨°XgDãa, semi-porcelain VD»cãbase 9#)ĀaĀ1980: a, Ā Āé.Ādorsal and ventral óĀĀMĀ!Āviews of an adze ª bĀ3Āreject, distal D Āportion; b», Ā Ādorsal and Aê"Āventral »zc°`ãØÀ{ãsherd with «RÆMãJe³»ãDµ1ãpartial maker's mark; b, WP`«D£¾e`ãX¨UN½ãUhand-painted cobalt blueËeã»e¡«¨³XeD £ãsemi -porcelain U¨`ßã»zc°a2ãbody sherd; 7 ĀĀviews of Ā !Āan adze ,cĀ reject, proximalúĀ UJĀportion; c, Ādorsal NĀand 2ëM%Āventral 7 ĀĀĀ!Āviews of an adze ,dĀreject, c, Ï`cX¨±D½c`ãÖz½cãundecorated white cD°½~c§×D¶cãearthenware UD»cã»|i¶`3ãbase sherd; d, Ï`cX¨±D½c`ãÔundecorated white½cãcD°½zh£ÔD°cã¸ãearthenware rim 3"ÌĀ & Ādistal portion; d, waterworn >ÞVĀ -Ācobble JĀhammerstone; e, ßBÐĀ %Āwaterworn pebble 1Õ' Āmanuport »zh°`4ãsherd; e, y±cg£ãyDâc`ã»g¢®¨´XgHãgreen glazed semi-porcelain ¶ã»zc°`5ãrãrim sherd; f, Ï`cX¨±D½c`ã»k«¨°ZgDãU¨`undecorated semi-porcelain bodyàã ZØĀ(possible -ÊĀâ6sling stone);[Ā±Āf, Ābranch tĀcoral. ĀThe /ÂĀ!Ā ,Ā =Ā +Āthree adze rejects are depicted UäĀwith CĀthe dorsal side to the left and the ventral side to the right. »zc³`ãsherd. .ĀĀĀĀ°ĀAĀĀì.ĀT*ĀĀ §Ā GĀ @½eã(!'!-+".+!ã»ãSite 50-40-98-1980 is ¨XD½e`ã¤ã½zcãlocated in the £¨°½ze¹¨»½ã«¨³Å¨£ã¨pãnorthernmost portion of ½zcã«°¨the projectcX½ãD°cDã £ãDãyáãarea in a highly K>ĀĀThe second Ācomponent ĀĀ:wm)F;#Fz;#)Ā Ā"6Āü*ĀµjÙĀÛ«of Site 50-40-98-1980 was an exposed fire-pit remnantuĀ Ārecorded h³¨`e`ãeroded D³eDãarea D¨£yã¼zcãqg£Xcãalong the fence £cãU¨Ð`SãÔ¿zã½zcãline boundary with the */ã79 80 @¹¬¹åïFollowing a¹^l´ÊHй´ï¹xïdocumentation of ÊgïÄg½Êï¹´ïthe fire-pit onÉgïÇØÆxHXgï the surface, Êgïthe fire-pite½ÊïâHÇïwas bisectedUÇgXÊgbïÌâXgïɹïtwice to «K¡ë{K±\ë¯K£ëº«ÕëßKºëloam hard pan soil, was ±`V«±\`\ërecorded Kºë5¬¤¼`â»ë+ëD|`ë5«¤¼`â¼ë ëas Context 17. The Context 2 º«Öësoil ßKºë¯±`º`¤¼ë¼«ëwas present to ¼{`ëthe agÉg°¢gïdetermine ÊÇïits ÇîgïJµaïÇÕHÑÂH½Xï½¹Çʹ´ïsize and stratigraphlc position ï&-ï(fig. 14). TKº`ë«lëbase of gâVKÝK¼«£ëK¼ë ëexcavation at 20 VëTg«ßëº×·mLV`ë1ëcm below surface. A Y{L³V«Këcharcoal ºK¯`ëßKºëV«sample was collected`V¼`\ël±«ëfrom `KV{ëeach ¯²«t`ëKm¼`´ëUº`VÈ«¥ëm«³ëprofile after bisection for ß«\ë¼SKëwood taxa \f§ÉqWKÈ«¤ëidentification L¥\ë #5ëL¤Land 14 C analysis.庺ë ;ëK\\À«¤ë¼«ëIn addition to ¼{`ëthe ¯`\`º¼³L£ëpedestrian º×´Ý`æsurvey,ë ëTKV«`ë¼·^¤31 backhoe trenchesV{`ºëwereß`´`ëgâVKÝK¼`\ëexcavated ßÄ~ªë¼|`ëwithin the project area (fig. 15). The purpose of the backhoe trenches was to search for subsurface to ,0 ¯´«fZ½ëK´_Kërxë$ëD|`ë¯Ø¹«º`ë«më¼{`ëTKV{®`ë¼´`¤V{`ºëßKºë¼¬ëº`OY{ën«´ëº×TºÛ´lKV`ë VØÔ´Lë\`¯«º¼ºëcultural deposits K¤\뾫ëand to ´`V«´\ërecord Á{`ëthe º«ºëK¤\ësoils and \`¯À|ë¬lë¼|`믫ßë諤`ëdepth of the plow zone àǨëÅ`ë¯L´V`ë2ëwithin the parcel. A B-j 0 -B' B B" º¥x`ësingle historic property, KëºØTºÚ·lLV`ëu` °¼ëa subsurface fire-pit, wasßKºë\g¥Ð`\ë¤ë4KV{¬`ëD²`¥V{ëidentified in Backhoe Trench ë21 \Üxëduring t- 0 \ Òg¥[ ¦xëK¤\ëßKºëtrenching and was ´`Vrecorded«±\`\ëKºëC¼`ëas Site % ! /. /. ë@«ëPÊlKV¼ºë50-40-98-1981. No artifacts wereßc±`ëV«`V¼`\ëcollected v«ëfrom K£çëany l "\ of the trenches excavated. Exposed ¬nëÆ`ëÁ·g¤V{`ºëiVKÞK¼`\ë \ Charcoal . Legerd A—\ -A' A 6 A'.. 1 rM Backhoe trench a $ • 3013 I © t \ • 2014 "X v-- J d ' | Project area S.Q.-' Legend o 20 50 \ y (#) - context - charcoal ' Centimeters fx Q- cobble 10 9 V .6 / U,#13 A×ÁfïFigure '.:ïD¤gÊXï¯H½ïH·aï1 4: Sketch map and X¹ÇÇïcross ÇgYѹ´ïbÂHã´ï¹yïHïÇØUÇØÅzHXgïsection drawing of a subsurface g¾ÊïÂgX¹Âafire-pit recordedgaïHÇïDÉgïas Site •IS • \ 18 /%%96(97%$ï50-40-98-1980. V,* _19 & ;<\ 1 .2B\ a Lana'i 10 ^2; FgïÇÊïThe first VÇgY̹´ïbisection ½¹¸Êï;ïʹï<ïZØÊïpoint, A to A', cut Êgïthe g¾Êï¸ïJ¨xïfire-pit in half ʹïv¹Çgïto expose Êgïthe ÇÖHÊH¿Yïstratigraphlc Airport f • % Wj ÇgXÒ¹´ïB¹®¹æïsection. Following UÇgXÓ¹´ïHï(/ïX¯ïbgg½ï½Ä¹ªgïbisection, a 15 cm deep profile âHÇïkì¹Çgb ï>¹´ÊsÊwas exposed. Contextï(1ïH粒¹Çgï16, a loose Âgbïred \ ! 23 \ silty clay loam sediment, was present from the current ground surface to a depth of 3 cm. V' ǬÎíïX«Hí塀NïÇgb¯k·ÊïâHÇï½ÃgÇm¸ÊﺰïËgïYßÂg·Êï»Ø´aïÇØÂ{HYgïʹïHïag½Êï¹xï+ïX± ï 'MS 24 % CÊïH½½gQÇïIt appears ÉHÊïÊgïthat the Çgd¯k¸ÊïHÇïsediment has Ugqïbeen bg½¹ÇÊgbïdeposited ¹àjÅïÊgïover the Âg½Êïfire-pit bØgïʹïdue to âHÊgÅïwater g¹ǹ´ïerosion / H¬¹´ïËgïcÂLIg ïalong the drainage. FgïThe Åg½Êï>¹´ÉgéÊïfire-pit, Context (/ïÇïHï15, is a bandUK·bï¹xïXRX¹I¨ïof charcoal ÏHÊïthat tÊm¸aÇïextends ¹¯ï,ï\ïfrom 3 cm / below surface to a depth of 12 cm. The fire-pit at this location is approximately 60 cm Uk©¹âïÇÚÂxHYgïʹïHïag½Êï¹xï(*ï[ ïFgïÂg¾ÊïHÊïÌÇ調YH̹´ïÇïH½½Â¹ê³HÊg©íï2%ïZ¯ï A Jw s âagïPbïÇïUHǸïwide and is basin ÇKÀgashaped. ïEgïThe ¡ÊgÂxHYgïUgËâgl¸ïÌgïinterface between the >¹´ÊléÌï(/ïContext 15 Åg½ÊïPbïÊhfire-pit and theï¯HÊgÄH¬ïmaterial ,250 500 m / ÉïHaïWgm¸ïit had been aÙïdug ¸Ê¹ïÌgïinto, the >¹´ÊléÊï*ïContext 2 aIÅ¥ïÂgaaÇïU¼èïǨÊíïXªHí調Oïdark reddish brown silty clay loam HÂaïhard ½Kµïǹ¨ïâHÇïpan soil, was S Z \M _ recorded as Context 17. The Context 2 soil was present to the base of excavation at 15 cm ÂgX¹ÂagaïHÇï>¹´ÊuÉï&5!ïGgï>¹´ÊkéÊï*ïǹ«ïâHÇïÀÂgÇn¸ÉïʹïÊgïUHÇgï¹{ïuYHáHÔ¹´ïHËï(/ïY¯ï belowUg¨¹âïÇÝÅ|Ksurface.Xg ï :yÙµaëFigure &0ë1 S: E}`ëThe ¯´«¯proposed«º`\ë?ëMlki 4Kº¤ëBasin ë3V·bë200 Acre <\ÚºÒLëIndustrial 7`Ýb«¯`¤¼ëDevelopment ¯´«`V¼ëK´`Këº{«ß¥xëproject area showing FgïÇgX¹µaïUÇgYʹ¶ï½¹¡Ê ï=ïʹïThe second bisection point, B to = ïâHÇïB\ was ZÙÊïcut £ØÇÊï¸ï¹´Êï¹xïjust in front of ÊgïÌâ¹ïthe two ¹Y¤Èïrocks ÊHÉïâiÅgïthat were À}`ë«VKË«¤ºëthe locations «oëof 4KV«`ëF±`¥V{`ºëBackhoe Trenches ëG}`ë1-31, The Òg¤V|ëtrench «VKÌ«¤ºëlocations w«ëÀ{`ë7H¼«ëL¥\ë7æ`ëfrom the DiVito and Dye w¹Çgaï¹´ïÊgïexposed on the ÇÚÅ|HYg"ï@¹ªª¹çïsurface. Following bisection,UÇgYÔ¹µ ïHï*%ïY²ïa 20 cm agg½ïdeep ½Â¹¬gïprofile âHÇïgì¹Çga#ï>¹´ÊgéÌïwas exposed. Context I,J(7j Þ`ºÍxKΫ§ëinvestigation L´bëLº«ëº~«áëA«ëare also shown. No Ò`¥Y{`ºëßtrenches were_±`ë¯KV`]ë¤ëplaced in ¼}`ëthe \`Ý`«¯`\ëK²cKëß|h·`developed area where (3 ïH調¹ÇgïÄgaï16, a loose red ǪÊíïsilty YªHíïclay ª¹K¯ïloam Çgc¯g¸Êïsediment, âHÇïwas ½ÂgÇl·Ê﹯ïpresent from Êgï_lµÊï¹ÞbïÇÙÅ}HYgïʹïHïthe current ground surface to a ¼|`ëfäºÑxë=Rë9`VÓVë6« ¯L¤æëé>86Bëthe existing Maui Electric Company (MECO) lKVfacility¼æë`ºlies. ag½Íï¹xï3ïX² ïEgïÇgd¯l´Êïdepth of 6 cm. The sediment HÇïhas Ugkµïbg½¹ÇÊgbï¹àiÂïbeen deposited over Êgïthe g½ÊïbÚgïfire-pit due ʹïâHÊoÅïto water nŹǹµïerosion J§¹´ïalong Êgïthe adrainage.ÅJ¡Hg$ïFgïÅg¾Ê ï>¹´ÊkéÊïThe fire-pit, Context (/ ïÇïHï15, is a `iaïUPaï¹xïcurved band of YSX¹MïÊHÊïcharcoal that sÊg´aÇïextends ¹¯ï4ïY²ïUlª¹âïfrom 6 cm below ÇÚÅ~XgïʹïHï³T¯Ü¯ïbg½Ìï¹xï(/ï]ïsurface to a maximum depth of 15 cm. Fgïg½ÊïHÊïÊ Ç調YHÒ¹´ïÇïThe fire-pit at this location is 4KV{«`ëD´`¨Y{`ºëBackhoe Trenches 1-5'ëß`±`ëjVKÝK¼`\ëëÂ{`륫±Ã{`Kº¶`¸«º¼ë¯«±Ï«¤ë«lë¼{dëwere excavated in the northeasternmost portion of the ¯±«`V¼ëproject H½½Â¼ëHÊgªíï50ï[ïäagïapproximately 75 cm wide J´bïÇïand is UHÇ¡ïbasin ÇH½gb ïshaped. EgïThe ¸ÊrxHXgïinterface UgÌâjg¸ïÊgï>¹´ÊgéÊï&/ïbetween the Context 15 L´`KëL¤\ëarea and {K\ëhad º¢Q뺫ºësimilar soils sxë(fig. *ë16, ¼KTeë-ëD{`æëV«¤¼M`\ëtable 7). They contained ¼{`믬ßëthe plow 諤`뺫zone soil,êë5«¤¿`â¼ëContext g½Êïfire-pit K·aïÊgïand the ¯HÉlÂH¬ïÊïmaterial it HaïUgg´ïbÛïhad been dug ¸Ê¹ïinto, Égïthe ?¹´ÊpéÊï*ïbR¦ïContext 2 dark ÂgbcÇïU¹èïreddish brown ǬÌíïX¬Híïsilty clay 뼫ë\`¯Ã{ºë1, to depths ±Nx©zëw«ëranging from 35(ë ¼«ë")ëYëT`«ßëºØ´to 45 cm below surface.pKX`ë 6«¤¼k¼ëë«Ýg´Context 1 overlayKæë6«¤Àfã¼ë ëKëContext 2, a 8)ï81 82 +!dIb-++EiAdark reddish &c]{iGq~)N!~N]$B!c+`!Ybrown sllty clay loam hardpan i]ESsoil ad-i-Zjj]+-`jBie#Z>;7]Uj]present to depths ranging from 65 to Continued from previous page )V105 cm &-O]zix4!)-]Yk0}j ]y0cP!~]Yj2lbelow surface. Context 2 overlay Context !9, a +!bJdark 'd]|iESj)N!brown silty clay~Q]!Vloam `d-i-Zmpresent êzS7,ƀ7ƈContext ðkõ~,ƈPhase `,ŋŧkƃƈDepth' `,~āŒĥ{ćŅļƈDescription íS7,œ{|,7 7ĚzSƈInterpretation j],-`rid%=[:8]W n]to depths ranging from 100 to *&-N]zix3!)-j_y-gR!~]Zj-}j!130 cm below surface. It overlay Context 8, a ,!bKdark d-,+FiBreddish ç ģƈb) ƈ%ƈBackhoe Trench 2 &d]|iFNv)N!~brown silty clay S]!XzEjA:d!~loam with gray ![+and d-+red +-:h!,EZ;degrading d])Lrock 9!?-[oifragments `d-i-Yoj]jA-present to the &!i-]4base of ;ƈ1 ƈ3 1WJ10-40 ì64ƈ ƈDark reddish 68ƈ#%¨+ƈ É9ƈbrown (2.5YR 3/4) L Ľ!ƈ ĦSecondary deposiƄƈ 1})!y!s]YH-!)Aexcavation in each jb-[trench.)A terrestrialč Ŝ ŵě ƈĞQƈMsllty clayöƈ (Úƈ ƈloam; moderately rľƈ")Dƈtion event l3oƈsticky, moderately Ď ƈ ű>\ƈplastic; Š ƈabrupt, BHT 1 BHT I BHT 3 BHT 4 BHT S BKT6 BHT 7 0HT 8 depth ķƈsmooth ƈlower xƈboundary Ocm 2 I 40-105Jµ¡;1 83 84 Continued from previous page Continued from previous page Context Phase Depth* Description Interpretation PJ_%r`{Context -]%{Phase %R`.{Depth' &] T=R_>PK{Description K`%URU%``3PK{Interpretation 8 1 130- Dark reddish brown (SYR 3/2) ter Natural deposition ©Ħ Ħ > o%ĦĦ"_Ħ<) Ħ4N(ĦñĞ # GCĦ ! Ħ ;Q'{Backhoe V'L /{{Trench 8 )Ħ150+ restrial\ĦHvery[ĦÚHgravellyZ+IĦ$CsiltyĦYĦclay loam; 5Ħ |processĦ 1 3 0-30 !$Dark V'!!4^0{VQqM{reddish brown $(2.5YR $3/4) ' QL!\{#'SQ^Dz{Secondary deposi moderatelyÏ6EĦsticky, .*`aĦ moderately WĦ ğĦplas a(WX'^g5E{terrestrial ^7?ct{"t{?Qsilty clay loam;G {FQ#'Va'?t{moderately cCQtionL{'o*Oa{event tic; base of excavation :ªĦĦÖĦÒ@- Ħ ^a7 :w{sticky, GQ#'Vbmoderately)@t{SA^d4 {ZSc{plastic; abrupt, T%0BackhoeĦµ|Trench{ĦĦ5 ^HQQb2{?Qsmooth lowerq'V{QkL#[{boundary Ħ1 Ħ3 0-35)Ħ o7Ħ3Dark reddishĦ8brown Ħ=? Ħ4P(Ħ(2.5YR 3/4) USecondary [Ħdeposi ßĠĦ 10 3 30-100 Dark "$W'!$4^1{reddish VQqL{brown (2.5 $ $YR 2.S/4) akVE{#'SQ^7f9QN{Natural deposition terrestrialör] +Ħsilty +!ĦA&Ħclay loam;z5Ħ moderately àĦ ¸tion Ħevent- Ħ a'Y'^h6E{^7?bx{"t{?Qterres trial si 1 ty clay loaH {m; IQ!'Va'Au{mo derately 'n'Of{event ;*`KĦ sticky, moderately Ħ &}umĦplastic; ø Ħabrupt, ^sticky,d7 :v{IQ#'Vb'moderatelyAt{S?^a7 {plastic; diffuse, smooth:0ĦlowerĕĦÁboundary'2ǾĦ qwavyp{AQq'W{lower QlL#[{boundary OĦ2 Ħ1 35-65ĥQ)Ħ ²37ĦDark 3reddish Ħ8brown2Ħ=?d Ħ(2.5YR 4P(Ħ3/4) #ċ áĦNatural deposition $Ă{Ħ 11 1 100=#$ '!{Red (2.5YR $4/8) $ d'terrestrialY'^i7?{,m'EEt{gravelly jVE{Natural #'SQ^8a7QL{deposition terrestrial Ë]t 1Ħ!ĦA&Ħsilty clay loam; RĦ moderately"WE&Ħ processĦ $1404 ^8Bat{silty At{?QI {GQ!'Va'?t{clay loam; moderately ^f4 <{sticky, SVQ '^^{process ;.*Ħ sticky, moderately Ħ &!mĦplastic; B 'xLĦgradual, GQ#'Vb'Bt{moderately SE^a4 {^'{Q+{plastic; base of 'sexcava- ny{ èsmoothĦxlowerĦboundaryĐ2/DĦ eCQM{tion kĦ9 >Ħ1 Qġ> Ħ65-110 X7Ħ Dark brown Ħ=i Ħ(7.5YR MgJĦ"8r 3/4) terrestrialôĦ #ČWZĦNatural deposition ÿ Ħ ' Centimeters below surface. $CĦA&Ħsilty clay loam; 5Ħ moderately Ħ;%Ħsticky, processĦ moderately Ħ 1$RĦ.1plastic; clear,ĦĖĔĦwavy lowerĦ boundary' /¿Ħ $-6[Nm>+p>h6N>y Backhoe Trenches 7, 10, 12-1 5, 17-21,-h9 >q>and 31 were /aaall >6..z>9XhzN>excavated in the y/f>same K>i>q/ageneral jĦ8 ¢Ħ1 110- ¼7Ħ,Dark reddishÉĦ brown2Ħ<) Ħ(SYR 4O(Ħ 3/2) teròę # '"&ĦNatural deposition E Ħ -q>--j:area andN.9 had yWg^2wsimilar ymVdyGsoils (fig.L |-5_>17, table !8). +N>They 6mjz-Vj?9contained zQ>the o`m mj>yplow zone soil,mX_%mjz@zContext 1, ¦Ħ145+ restrialF,³ ĦHÑĦB,-very gravellyĦsilty äčĦĦclay loam; nĦ processĦ {m9>o|Nyto depths q.hKXjKranging Imf {m)(6f5>am from 35 to 50 cm below ypD/6>surface.%miz>zContext 1 m>pb-overlay %mj|>{ .Context 2, a 9.u[dark moderately" Ħ;qvKĦ sticky, moderatelyĦ plasĢĦ q>99WyNreddish brown5rmyWa;-silty clay cm2fO.q 85 86 ##!#Table 8: Sediment descriptions " # # # ##for Backhoe Trenches 9-16 " "Continued from previous " "page Context Phase Depth* Description Interpretation Context Phase Depth* Description Interpretation 5Ň2 ŇI !-40-100--Ň ÒŇŇ ŇDark reddish brown (2.5YR4©YÊ Ň:%!9Ň3/4) 6Ķ/ ŇNatural Ü ò ÚþŇdeposition OP>ĒD(!ØĒ.2ĒBackhoe Trench 10 *"áĮ Ňterrestrial ø#Ňsllty clay Ňr^Ň loam; moderately1* Ň ăŇprocess Ē1 Ē3 230-50 Dark "Ē<Ē @Ē7/ Ē-¨KĒreddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) C:Ē ÜSecondary deposlċĒ *eŇ sticky, moderately"/ 0Ň plastic, ĩÄŇ=$Ňgradual, û Ē' ~ĒÍĒterrestrial sllty clay 4Ē 5 WĒloam; moderately VĒ+;(Ētion event Ňsmooth (Ň $' 2Ňlower boundary x!p6Ēg %ñĒsticky, moderately T=µĒfë XĒplastic; abrupt, 9 Ň 100 ĕðŇ ŇDark brown (7.5YRADYE Ň:%!BŇ3/4) < ?VęF terrestrial 6 +?dŇ 3ŇNatural deposition )Ēsmooth , Ē J(?Ēlower boundary ¡!-140+ Ňsllty clayÝŇ .Ňloam; moderately nŇ#jŇsticky, )Ňprocess /Ē2 Ē1 ¤9250-80 DarkÇ>Ēg'Ēreddish brown A8 Ē-N^Ē(2.5YR 3/4) B )J%Ē 'õĒNatural deposition ) Ňċmoderately plastic; N.Ň ŇåŇbase of I@,excavaŀŇ tion ;[<Ēterrestrial oÿĒ ĒÝ#4Ē Ēsllty clay loam; moderately Ēprocess o'Ň sticky, moderately plastiq gradual, Ir Ē udĒ ò 4ĒQ *MĒ ÆÕMBackhoe<ŇÎâÿŇ¢!ŇTrench 14 )mĒsmooth ,Ē *1 ïĒlower boundary \Ň1 ¬Ň3 -0-35&Ň "ŇgŇ ŇDark reddish brown |5ZË Ň&{2.5YR 3/4)%!BŇ ÌĜŇ OŁŇSecondary deposi ³Ē9 Ē1 9280-140+ ©3 Dark:>Ē @ĒA± Ē_`KĒ|n FĒbrown (7.5YR 3/4) terrestrial BX*$% ĒNatural ozãĒdeposition 82ĘKį/ŇO*ŇHRŇ .Ňterrestrial sllty clay loam; 1 8 Ňmoderately cŇ, Ňtion event Ē Ē0¶Ēsllty clay loam; 0 ĒzS6moderately sticky,Ē Ēprocess *eĽXŇsticky, 30Ňmoderately ó Ö»Ň w CŇplastic; abrupt, 0$ Ē {!·Ēmoderately plastic; Ë ĒlĒbase of k! +eexcava- Ňsmooth lower 2Ňboundary $UŇ à=(Ētion 2 1 &35-65µ ŇJ>ŇDark reddish brown 1ĊŇA5Z Ň][®WŇ(2.5YR 3/4) 63+ Ň *ŇNatural deposition O &qĒD5 1&Ē ¥ĒBackhoe Trench 11 #< 1Lzê ŇNp Ňterrestrial sllty RŇclay loam; ¼Ňü<#lŇmoderately v×Ňprocess Ē1 Ē3 0-35 Dark:"Ē=Ēreddish ćĒbrown 7/ Ē-ªLĒ(2.5YR 3/4) CÈĒSecondary GdeposiĎĒ 3gk Ň J Ňsticky, moderately V^Ňè /$dŇplastic; gradual, $t[ĒĀĒ& terrestrial sllty clayĒ ¸Ē 5)ĈĒloam; moderately GĒtion +ÑĒevent *MŇsmooth L Ňlower boundary $' UŇ öSĊMĒ#%w Ē %<¹Ē ì óĒsticky, moderately plastic; abrupt, 9 1 65=145+¶£! "ŇÔ)ĻŇ4D Ň:[¯9Ň 2ij ŇDark brown (7.5YR3/4) terrestrial 6 + 0ŇNatural deposition Ň EĒ ąjĒ *(?Ēsmooth lower boundary ŇH Ňsllty clay Ñ_Ňloam; 1 0ŇĪŇmoderately sticky, ČēGŇprocess moderately plastiq base of excava 8Ē2 ¦Ē1 35-115¯.. Dark SĒR×Ēreddish ç@Ē78 Ēbrown (2.5YR -`KĒ3/4) B )J FĒNatural ) Ēdeposition f Ň h½Ň ŇæŇI@Ø,łŇ Hon v[ Ēterrestrial Rß~Ē Ēsllty clay #4Ē$Ēloam; moderately 5&Ēprocess QsŇ x"6Ē0;%Ē HºĒQāsticky, moderately plastic; gradual,,Ē BackhoeiéŇbďSÙҤ´ŇTrench 1 S wmĒsmooth ,Ē *?Ēlower boundary 1 &Ň3 0-30 7"ŇDark Ňreddish 'Ňbrown A5E Ň&%°~Ň(2.5YR 3/4) atxŇ OSecondary deposiĿŇ 9Ē8 .Ē1 115- Dark%pĒÎ'ðEĒ èreddish brown,1Ē Ē(5YR -/LĒ3/2) ;Čter BJ ĒNatural X Ēdeposition Ğ2TKİ;Ňterrestrial ğŇsilty clay 7Ň ¾Ňloam; à1ôŇmoderately P>Ň,K'Ňtion event «Ē145+ |' Ē+ÓĒrestrial very Ö +F ĉĒgravelly n\Ēsllty ĒÅ»Ēclay loam; Ēprocess PQŇ T Ň *H.Ň (Ĺ VŇsticky, moderately plastic; abrupt, á$FĒ÷&"Ēmoderately sticky, 0 $d Ē HčĒmoderately plas q ŇlŇ +t)Ňsmooth lower boundary !aĒ Ētic; base ÕĒk&+äĒof excavation 2 \Ň1 30-115 (ŇfŇ Dark reddish brownSŇ}5 Ň:%±9Ň(2.5YR 3/4) `ĵ7mŇNatural ĄîĦhŇdeposition ¿ qĒDsiĒ./ĒBackhoe Trench 12 #ĚzmŇterrestrial sllty ĸŇŇclay loam; ¿Ň ?/úŇmoderately GĝŇprocess sticky, moderately plastiq gradual, §Ē1 Ē3 320-30 Dark >Ē'Ēreddish @ĒA8 Ēbrown (2.5YR _¬]Ē3/4) C éĒ GďĒSecondary deposi ñŇ Ň #N.Ň=ė/$ Ň smooth lower boundary Ïiü à Ē<\Ēterrestrial sllty Ē0¾Ēclay loam; #s Ēmoderately YG(Ē+ (YĒtion event yMŇ)Ň +s7vŇ ) "6Ēsticky, #; Ē IÚ4Ē í Ēmoderately plastiq abrupt, 9 ¥Ň1 315- Ň )SŇ4D Ň&%²WŇĠěĴDark brown (7.5YR 3/4) terrestrial 6Ĩ$" 0Ň Natural depositionąíĉĂŇ 13S+ silty clay loam; moderately sticky, process 0ÙĒU, Ēsmooth lower ĂÉĒboundary ŇÞŇ q.Ň8 ŇģëŇ čĐGŇ moderately plastiq base of excava 8Ē2 .Ē1 29°30-85 Dark:>Ē Ēreddish ,1ĒA/ c Ē-LĒbrown (2.5YR 3/4) Á ZăêĒNatural øĒdeposition Ė#äļŇ F3ÀŇ ŇçŇ@,ŃŇ QŇtion WÒý Ē=W\Ē!terrestrial sllty clayĒ loam;¼Ē#Ēmoderately Ēprocess y"6Ē# Ē Y!½ĒQsticky, moderately plastic; gradual,Ä*Ē Ç;iŇb2uҦ·ŇBackhoe Trench 16 #EĒsmooth lowerĆĒ *?Ēboundary 1 3 0-35 TŇŇ ){Ň45Í Ň]%³ŇDark reddish brown (2,5YR 3/4) a'ÓŇ õSecondary deposińŇ ´Ē9 .Ē1 9 ®385-140+ À $"Ē $å@Ē7²¡ Ē£N]Ēj}'ĒDark brown (7.5YR 3/4) terrestrial  þ%Ēæ=y1ĒNatural deposition 2(ı Ňterrestrial >ŇÛFŇÁŇrćß?8Ňsilty clay loam; moderately c'tion , Ňevent UI6ĒĒÆasilty clay loam;Ēh Ēù!"Ēmoderately sticky, 5&Ēprocess ykXŇsticky, moderatelyÏĥnŇ īplastic;_Ň w CŇabrupt, # $e Ē H)'&4Ē HĒlĒmoderately plastiq base of ÔP Ą ĐĒexcava smooth Ň(Ň $u(Ňlower boundary ú(Ētion 2 ÉŇ1 &¹-35-90 ÈŇDark Ň Ň4reddish brown (2,5ª Ň!BŇYR 3/4) `3+( Ň >3ĀŇNatural deposition terrestrial sllty clay loam; moderately process O!ÛĒDtÐÌĒ ĒBackhoe Trench 13 P"IJ Ňì ķŇŇ0 ÂŇ #öŇ )Ň sticky, moderately plastic; gradual, Ē1 Ē3 33Ē0-40 Dark:"Ēh<Ēreddish 5,1Ēbrown 7/¢c Ē-N^Ē(2.5YR 3/4) CPÊĒSecondary deposi VđĒ ĤŇĔġ Ň ÷ÅŇ=/$ÐCŇ smooth lower boundary v} ĒRUZĒ Ēterrestrial silty clay âbĒloam; ôTĒmoderately VĒ+1Ētion event 8ŇđŇ +;UŇ B 1 90-145+ Dark reddish brown (SYR 3/2) ter Natural deposition {rĒu ZĒsticky, moderately Þ bĒfî IMĒplastic; abrupt, ¸Ň §Ň º-¨! 7"ŇJŇ "{Ň4E Ň&%«9ŇI ŅŇ 6 +1 pŇĎĈħï'Ň restrial very gravelly sllty clay loam; process EĒT,Ēsmooth lower * ?Ēboundary ûo ŇĺxŇ=,ùRŇ0ŇŇ .Ň ( moderately ŇĬjsticky,ľŇý;# Ň moderately plasņŇ * Centimeters below surface. Continued on next page tlqĢÃŇ ãŇĒŇL@,ĭŇbase of excavation ' Centimeters below surface, Continued "ĆāŇon !" "next page 87 88 Continued from previous page depth Context 'F0r?Phase Depth* Description Interpretation -r 0 cm — . -- • ' >. — -TTr- Backhoe Trench 9 $.6O_A,gA]5G 1 1 3 0-45 %.iMiA:;IoG3g_+-(Dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) *A6_]:.i:Ad_pP Secondary deposi sAhk@oJ.Sterrestrial oKRssilty 8R.Q`.Yclay loam; W_:Ag.tARmoderately tK_]AA[ution event o{6Nsticky, Xa:Ag.vASdR1pzK6!.2mdwmoderately plastic; abrupt, oY__sGR_ @g3_^:.ismooth lower boundary .3] — 2 1 45-85 %.gNDark gA::IoH2g_ -) reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) &.wk/S:Ad_oJ|_[Natural deposition - 50 xAigAo.UoJVxterrestrial silty <.day Sb.Z#W_:Ai.tAQloam; moderately dh_7Aooprocess ovL6M Wc;Bi0yAQsticky, moderately dR0ovL8"E=.Q plastic; gradual, Figure 1 8: Stratigraphic T oW__uGRsmooth lower_ Ai3_\:.nboundary : 8. * > 11 l 85-140+ (A;Red +-)(2.5YR4/8) vBlAoziK.Qterrestrial Dk.ARRgravelly &.wk1R:AdaoI}_]Natural deposition *.($>)->4 >(&2=3>profile for the Context oJUw>.silty day T_.W#loam; W_:Ai.uARmoderately owI8N sticky, ej_9Aoqprocess 1 2 .+ 4>$( 5>fire-pit located in W_:Ag.vARfQ.o~8moderately plastic; 4.oA_Cbase of A6.0excava " (>.& >>Backhoe Trench 21. tL_]tion -- 100 > ;.>< 1>% 6.>The feature was later ' Centimeters below surface. 1 ' 6>!6>designated Site 50-40- 98-1981. 4oþ& ')þ%þBackhoe Trench 21 contained þþ* + þa subsurface **þcultural iþ deposit recordedþþ¢1þas Site S0-40-98- © 1981 Pþc þ}þ -þ@@Qþ(see fig. 9, p. 77), Bþ RþThe deposit, 7ò þþdocumented as ! (þContext ~þþþ12, was a ìþ¼V gþtruncated fire-pit remnant exposed in the southern profile of the trench (fig. 18). The fire-pit has been Öþ¸þÍþþ+NÝþ ºþþþO þPc Xþ &þ½VK þ^þ þ -- 150 ëMþ þtruncated by Nþ #þthe plow û þÒzone layer,þ!(þ þContext 1, ' þþþ rþþpresent to a depth of 35 þ þcm below *Dþþsurface. It þþ8 þ þÇþ þappears to have been hit by þ þ9õ þa plow moving þþþþeast to west as þthe 8Û#þÀþàþEK1þ þcharcoal from the fire-pit is þpþscattered an Ëâ þ.?þþþadditional 65 cm to þþ# þ3Fþthe west along the bottom þþáþ! þ þof the Context 1 þplow ü þzone Legend #/$=þlayer. BþThe ¾WK"þhþÚ z'Hþ.?þ:þ þfire-pit is approximately 65 cm in ;Rþwidth, ú{þ%þ:þ3"approximately 10 cm thick,2þ þbasin ® Context | - Charcoal Sþshaped, Jþ þand is þpresent between u þ 35 ]þand 45 þ þwþAþcm below surface. A Ì þóþ single rounded volcanic þ #þþØ · þcobble was observed ösÉþtþïþ¥þe$W þwithin the feature. The fire-pit Æþ ¶þhas been _xþ1þ5 þSþþexcavated into Context 2, a -C 200 O Cobble 2þdark þreddish )þ Isþbrown silty þclay ¬þ þhardpan soil present þþþto a Fþþ%>>þ³þ µ,þ+bþ-þdepth of 100 cm below surface. &þkp$bþThe interface u þbetween þE þthe fire-pit and þþthe 6 þþ Iþ þContext 2 soil it þhad þbeen þexcavated þ,þinto was Table 9: &7>Sediment 1 /descriptions ,9(&1>)0> #(> .'for Backhoe Trenches 1>17-24 þþ! þrecorded as Context 13. 5Jþþ þ5 þContext 2 overlay Context <þþÐþ9, a dark yþ ;þbrown silty C þ \þ Nþclay loam present þtþ þþto the base of ã þþexcavation at 150 þ þ+þcm below surface. Aþþ9ÙÓþA charcoal sample þþwas collected 9þfrom Context Phase Depth* Description Interpretation 30þ(þ þE þþthe Context 12 fire-pit for þþþwood taxa and 146þHGXC analysis. .7>XmH3qHi>N'Backhoe Trench 17 4n0þ¤$þ þþ/°xþBackhoe Trench 31 was excavated þ4n8þnear Backhoe & þ þþ7Trench 21 to searchþ¿ þ þ ä þfor any additional 1 3 !0-40 /7yVqHCCRO:rmDark reddish brown $6 !(2.5YR 3/4) 2H>mjC7~Secondary CHnmZdepo si d 1þí þfire-pit features þ rþ+*Lþ' #=þor associated cultural materials. [oþBackhoe ¦' þTrench 31 "þcontained þthe \þsame JquIR7]U[D7[m9d,dmEHz7H[terrestrial silty clay loam; moderately mjHHjtion event è¨ Èþ »þþv)þstratigraphic profile as documented Îþ[7ÑþB0þin Backhoe Trench þAþ/LþÔþ21. A water line excavation_ å×þO)þtrench BVemCHr9H\o]9T@-sticky, moderately plastic; 7;}pabrupt, ÷0þ)þwith an 1þ.þassociated 6 þ¡§!þ Ê þþin. PVC pipe was observed $ aþG þin MþÞþthe eastern eþþprofile of þthe backhoe 2þé þtrench. fmmP^mHssmooth lower 89 90 Continued from previous page Continued from previous page ËWĨsŁFŎContext ÒòlĤtŎPhase ÎtFóŅŎDepth* ÏuĥáĒyFôWŎDescription ÐĈFuēďĔvĬĩõČWŎInterpretation Context Phase Depth* Description Interpretation Ė2 aĖ1 <45-100§_Ė pÕĖĖ 0 ĖY Ė#;ĖDark reddish brown (2.SYR3/4) 'ćõĖNatural / Ėdeposition =4øŎÖ A!Ŏ%¾ŎBackhoe Trench 18 úöU Ė 8Ėterrestrial silty - Ė "FĖ Ėclay loam; moderately Ėprocess %Ŏ1 Ŏ3 $¨$Ŏ0-40 @~Ŏ rDark reddishŎ*Xč7ŎG©Ó Ŏ9JŎbrown (2,5YR 3/4) ÔYŎSecondary ( údeposiņŎ sticky, -ÚĖ Omoderatelyû Ė plastic;T3cĖÍIVãZĖgradual, A]y Ŏterrestrial Ŏsilty pŎclay <ŎZ Ŏloam; moderately ØŎtion 0"6Ŏevent oèĖ smooth lower+Ė¿V QĖboundary /sticky, 1_Ŏ"5 Ŏ moderately plastic; <Ŏĝ Ŏabrupt, 9 aĖ1 2đĖ100- &jĖfp+ Ė{EDark brown (7.SYR Ė¥~ĖU?eĖ3/4) teiTestrial 'CeĖNatural Ėdeposition .Ŏsmooth &XŎlower * ,Ŏboundary 2Ė150+ ?!Ėsilty = Ė ½ªĖclay loam; . Ėmoderately 4MĖsticky, &Ėprocess Ŏ2 %Ŏ1 'µd;40-75 LSŎq ŎDark reddish 7Ŏ? Ŏ±'#Ŏbrown (2.5YR 3/4) 2^ Ŏ +/ŎNatural deposition " Ė %«Ėmoderately plastic; ĖÉĖbase of X3DĒĖexcava- "5P ķ Ŏterrestrial + ZŎ Ŏsilty clay ÂŎloam; Ŏmoderately Đĕ4Ŏprocess m Ėtion sticky, )Ŏmoderately5 ŃŎ !ÃŎplastic; R Ŏgradual, ĭŎ & Ŏsmooth lower * nŎboundary djÏĖ¶*ÂĖĖBackhoe Trench 22 ¿Ŏ9 %Ŏ1 ;75-150+:$ L )ŎDark ŀŎ8;?brown (7.5YR Ŏe'#Ŏ >P Ĵz Ŏ3/4) terrestrial 2 Ŏ {ŎNatural deposition 1 Ė3 0-55 JAĖDark reddish Ė$0*Ėbrown Y(2.SYR Ė,<;Ė3/4) H% Ė ÜēĖSecondary deposi Ŏ! Ŏsilty clay ÝÄŎ Ŏ/loam; moderately sticky, )1Ŏ process Ŏ 5uÇvterrestrial Ė Ėsilty ÃĖ clay loam; "©Ė"r Ėmoderately Ā ĖzL*/Ėtion event - Ŏ /hŎ ŎwŎíÚ0moderately plastic; base of excavaŇŎ 86K(Ė kĖ /3¬ĖÀ÷ SZĖsticky, moderately plastic; abrupt, zŎtion äBhĖ!+ĖÁ9 &Ėsmooth lower boundary Ė2 Ė1 SS-140+Ĕ2¦Ė JAĖDark iĖreddish $WĖ| Ėbrown (2.SYR ,<;Ė3/4) 'Ĉ Ė Natural deposition Ė =O~Ŏ× "!Ŏ:ÀŎBackhoe Trench 19 terrestrialP>w Ė čĖsilty ÄĖ clay loam;"Ė 8 Ėmoderately óĖprocess 1 3 0-40 Dark reddish brown (2. SYR 3/4) Secondary deposi gŎ Ŏ $d'$ @ )Ŏ Ŏ*&Ŏ8Iª Ŏe'#Ŏ j YŎ( û ā-([Ė.tkĖsticky, moderately =GĖplastic; $ ĖÊĖbase of terrestrial silty clay loam; moderately tion event AĶ Ŏ 1Ŏ! Ŏ iŎ(ėNTŎ ÙŎ0Ŏ excavation +ù`Ŏsticky, N Ŏ +hŎmoderately plastic; aŎabrupt, .Ŏ ľë Ŏ ĢŎsmooth lower boundary d-ØðĖ·&çhĖĖBackhoe Trench 23 Ŏ2 ¸Ŏ1 '$40-130¡%$ L5)Ŏ (ŎDark reddish >7Ŏbrown G«3 Ŏ(2.SYR ²º#Ŏ3/4) 2Ĺ Ŏ /ŎNatural deposition I 3 _#0-45 JAĖDark reddish Ė 0 Ėbrown :(2.SYR Ė¤,<1Ė3/4) H= ¾ĖSecondary ÝdeposiĕĖ A ] Ŏterrestrial ńŎ Ŏsilty clay iŎ Ŏloam; moderately O Ŏprocess Pw Ė Ė4lĖ)terrestrial silty clay loam; GĖ"5 Ėmoderately Ttion ĖzL üĖevent 6sticky, 1_Ŏm Ŏmoderately ÅŎR ,UbŎplastic; gradual, /?K([Ėsticky, O !Ėmoderately )@%bĖ$C Ėplastic; abrupt, ą6xŎT& Ŏsmooth lower ß^æŎboundary BĖ smooth lower+Ė$C QĖboundary ÁŎ9 gŎ1 %f130-¢ @E)Ŏ* &ŎG;¬3 ŎDark brown (7.5YR3/4)9'#Ŏ"E terrestrial 2\ > ŎNatural ö/Ŏdeposition £Ė2 Ė1 45-120#2 &AĖDark reddishiĖ 0 Ėbrown : Ė(2. SYR ,#1Ė3/4) 'yI Ė Natural deposition Ė :f150+Ŏ +UŎsilty ! ŎÆŎclay loam; >-" Ŏİo`moderately sticky, Ė4Ŏprocess x?)Ėterrestrial siltynSĖ4!Ėclay !"®ĖNT5!Ėloam; moderately ô3Ėprocess D Ŏ -!<Ŏ ŎwŎ"łĽmoderately plastic; base of excavaň Û\Ė"OýÞĖsticky, moderately )@%FĖplastic; gĊ ]Ėgradual, ātion åĖß+Ė$V* RĖsmooth lower boundary 7 1 120- ÖĖÐĖDark reddish $é0*Ėbrown }(SYR Ė,#1Ėq3/4) ter 'yrºĖNatural deposition Ė =ãCŎk OBackhoe TrenchCŎI¶Ŏ20 ¡#145+ &Ć Ėrestrial ÒâĉĖsilty 4 Ėclay þo¯Ėloam; N !Ėmoderately process 3 0-35 Dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) Secondary deposi ¹Ŏ1 Ŏ $£½ M )Ŏ"q+CŎ 7Ŏ8 Ŏ³J#Ŏ j4 Ŏ üʼnŎ 6M\Ė"P7Ėsticky, moderately )@°ĖfĖËĖplastic; base of terrestrial silty clay loam; moderately tion event . ]Ŏ+ .Ŏ Ŏ KŎD l Ŏ \VŎ0Ŏ 5XċĂ Ėexcavation -åŎĪĀsticky, moderatelyŎ U !KŎĞ bŎplastiq abrupt, DĮŎsmooth & Ŏlower nŎboundary ³%ÙĖ¸ Ė#ĖBackhoe Trench 24 Ŏ2 %Ŏ1 ¤HH$35-110 @Þ)Ŏ ( CDark reddishŎ7Ŏbrown 8?3 Ŏ´»#Ŏ(2.5YR 3/4) 2ZĻ Ŏ |ıŎNatural deposition ¢Ė1 Ė3 0¨so ×ĖÈDark reddishĖ 0 Ė:` Ėbrown (2.SYR 3/4)#1Ė H &ĖSecondary deposiñàďĖ terrestrial silty clay loam; moderately tion event Ĝ . }ÜŎ | ŎçŎterrestrial silty clay KŎ,1Ŏloam; moderately Ŏprocess qLv6 7ĖÔĖ-!Ė! .±Ė.>sB5 Ė Bmê ĖD> ÿĖ IJo1Ŏ sticky, moderately[BTŎ plastiq <ŎRX aŎgradual, S4(^Ė"tÅsticky, moderately7Ė )Ą%GĖplastiq $ø ]Ėabrupt, D.Ŏ &" Ŏsmooth lower ċ 1Ŏboundary 8Ė +Ė ësmooth lower boundary9* RĖ 9 :Ŏ1 þÿÑ¥110- MSŎ57ŎDark brown 8;®3 Ŏ9'#Ŏ(7. SYR 3/4) -ìv Ŏterrestrial 2ĸ Ŏ -ŎNatural deposition Ė2 1 E50-70 MĖDark Ė WĖreddish brown Ď(2,5`´ Ė#1ĖYR 3/4) '/9»Ė Natural depositionìáąí Ė terrestrial silty clay loam; moderately process %¼·Ŏ140+ ÷Ŏ4 Ŏsilty clay ÇŎloam; Ć 6 Ŏ.{4cŎmoderately sticky, !Ŏprocess ux 7Ė ĖK7Ė! .²Ėæs Ė Ė (P>m Ŏmoderately ij!ÈŎŎïŎî!ļŊŎplastic; base of excava ăsticky,%(^Ė lĖmoderately ) @=FĖplastic; g9 Ėgradual, VŎtion 8Ėsmooth lower+Ė C*RĖboundary B 1 E70-150+2µ (ĖDark Ė WĖreddish brown :(SYR Ė,;Ė3/2) ter '9I ĖNatural òîÑ/6ï Ėdeposition =Backhoe Ŏk"Ŏ:ŎTrench 21 &U¼ĖDQĖιD Ėrestrial very gravelly siltyÓ Ė%nĖclay .bĖloam; Ėprocess %Ŏ1 Ŏ3 $¦0-35 M5SŎ r ŎEDark reddish brown&ŎI¯3 Ŏ9J#Ŏ(2.5YR 3/4) ÕSecondary (,YŎ( VŋŎdeposi Æ Ėmoderately 6-(sticky,ĖN Ė ùmoderately plasĐĖ \ ĵ, Ŏ+ -ŎpŎ ÉŎ N[B Ŏterrestrial silty clay loam; moderately ĄŎB06Ŏtion event 3cĖtiq Ėbase ÌĖ>XČ Ėof excavation įäŎsticky, moderately"Ę Ŏ }plastic; ÊŎ,*ğđ[Ŏabrupt, * Centimeters below surface. 6xŎ &EŎ*^,ġŎsmooth lower boundary HŎ12 Ŏ2 §'35-45 = )Ŏ3 Ŏ?9%#<Ŏ0sģŎĠ cŎīěèñŌŎBlack (SYR 2.5/1); very abrupt, Irreg Ì ă ŎCultural /Ŏdeposition ular &B Ŏ* ( Ŏlower boundary 0ĉŎevent Backhoe Trenches 23 and 29 were excavated along the southernmost portion of the ō* ÍQĊĂćéQęĦŎàQýĎĿŎħĺĚðÛâê°Centimeters below surface. Continued on nextpage 2-; S=!9, AS S 7 S SN =!S%MC" S 3;7)SI,!SA;KD,$;ACS<;>J;9S;'SC, S <>;0project ESarea. SThey PS;7containedF.9 SI,the S 91 92 SWT 17 "%BKT18 BUT IB %BHT20 %BHT21 #% %BWT22 %BUT 23 %BHT24 depth !$% # # Continued from previous # #page _Ocm % Context Phase Depth" Description Interpretation o 1 o o o 1 o o Ň2 'Ň1 b$40g$Ň70 G,Ň ŇDark reddish brown6Ň&_ ØŇ(2.SYR °½Ň3/4) )Natural Ň depositionĥ4A Ҧ RðıąŇ terrestrial silty ŇŇclay =?ÆŇ?0ê Ňloam; moderately ĝŇprocess . .so% o ĭ-7Ňsticky, "vŇmoderately Ć!4sŇplastic; LĠ Ňgradual, o o smooth lower boundary o 2 5 2Ň Ň }Ň o Ň3 'Ň1 h$¶b±70-140+ 8BPLŇStrong brown6Ň&i§ ŇE#À\Ň(7,SYR 4/fi) V =Ňterrestrial )Úĵ wŇë ŇNatural deposition silty clay loam; moderately sticky, process ..100% o 4=.Ň/Ň?ÇŇUŇ/uŇ Ň o o o .Ňmoderately plastic; ÿÈŇŇòŇ0Cã ŀŇbase of excava- o 9 y3 Ňtion 7 o ÑJMĕŇI 2ŇŇÁŇBackhoe Trench 26 ..ISO% mm mm M 'Ň1 Ň3 $¥$Ň0-40 G ,Ň éŇDark reddish 6ŇZ_ Ňbrown (2.SYR aD]Ň3/4) 8 TŇěSecondary deposlĦćŁŇ Legend W//A W///A mm terrestrialRIJ ŇsiltyŇ Ňw@jŇ"Ňclay loam; moderately y Ň * Ňtion event (T) context +,7Ňn+ Ňsticky, moderately plastic; 3ÉŇ9ģ Ňabrupt, 4.200% m Osmooth 2Ň Ňlower boundary9PSŇ Ň2 ·Ň1 ¾40$»'$110 GÞ,ŇDark Ňreddish 6ŇZ¨ ŇaD]Ňbrown (2.SYR 3/4) )! xŇNatural èç ĨĪ3 Ňdeposition + ij Ň%Ň/terrestrial silty clay Ň loam;OÅŇ@1Q oXŇmoderately Ňprocess Figure 1 9: 16^7af?¥YL¥Stratigraphic profiles V¥for )6?pL¥Backhoe 2L}?aL¥Trenches 17-24. /L¥b6¥)6?pL¥Note that Backhoe 3L}?b¥Trench A/<Ňsticky, Ň ;FŇmoderately plastic; L x7Ňgradual, 21 ?}7f}LI¥bL¥contained the *}L¡¥Context 12 ZL e ¥fire-pit. 1LL¥W^L¥See figure 18. 5%Ňsmooth Ňlower boundary YŇ ÂŇ6 1 no m1YŇVery -ŇdarkrľŇ gray & Ň#'Ň(SYR 3/1) !vŇterrestrial )ĶŇNatural û" Ňdeposition 'e²Ňise* Ň *very stonyŇĺŇsilty Ňclay NÝāŇ loam; moder :Ňprocess .ĈŇ";<Ňately sticky, Ň moderately plastic; ÊŇŇbase b7I7}¥hardpan fy¥LO}¥soil present ¥IPa¥to depths 6}^g}^¥ranging [z¥from "¥¥115 to 120 H¥ 93 94 BHT 25 !BHT26 !BHT27 !BHT28 !BHT 29 !BKT3Q !BHT 31 Continued from previous page depth —0 cm Context Phase Depth* Description Interpretation o o 1 o o o HBackhoe ÌĂ´# )fĂ¢¬ĂTrench 29 1 Ă3 %Y&%0-40 3»Ăb7Ă @Ă ,E~·Ă1&ĂDark reddish brown (2.SYR 3/4) _ o¼ĂSecondary "Ðdeposi}Ă ..so O x7ĂL.AĂterrestrial silty ĂÑ]Ă þĂclay loam; moderately ; Ă?pĂtion event e 2 o îÍĂ6+sticky, moderatelyĂ 9 ^Ă /z QWĂplastlq abrupt, ØìĂ smooth lower/Ă z PĂboundary O o 2Ă2 Ă1 D%CC40-115 4/jĂ iĂ #ýĂ,Dark reddish brown (2.5BIĂZD0ĂYR 3/4) (vú Ă h ĂNatural deposition . .100 áT!ĂhMQĂterrestrial stlty 5Ă.GĂclay loam; s Ămoderately process I o o 6 o $ ËĂnc Ăsticky, moderately Q×)'Ăplastic; K .Ăgradual, © íĂ Ă JOĂsmooth lower boundary o o ¨Ă7 Ă1 115- 3 Ă 8Ă ü ĂDark reddish brown Iä(5YR 3/4)1&0ĂÝter-U (öĂ Éï ĂNatural deposition \Ă135 + xÒĂ8ëĂrestrial silty ĂMclay loam;®Ă=umoderately + Ăprocess . .150 W//j\ mm w ÎWĂsticky, < Ă" !moderately plastic; ¯Ă tĂÄbase of W///A Legend mm mm vm à {* excavation ! un excavated (J) content H kõr fĂ%ĂBackhoe Trench 30 ! ! . !2C0 m 1 Ă3 %0-35 3+ĂDark LĂ # qĂ,³IĂ¥VĂreddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) ` äĂ ÓSecondary deposiUĂ à¿T!Ă8.Ăterrestrial silty )Ă]Ăclay loam; lĂmoderately R; tion 6? æĂevent ð5Ă+ÕĂ 'Ăsticky, moderately plastic; âÛvXĂabrupt, Ăsmooth /Ă OĂlower boundary Figure 20: 6´¨;Ák¨Stratigraphic;¥vK㥨¢fW³ãprofiles a¢¨ã,;J¢Wãfor Backhoe 7¨VKoV³ã!%"Trenches 25-31. ã £Ă2 CĂ1 35-65F 4>jĂDark sLĂreddish ½@Ă ,B-Ă&0Ăbrown (2.5YR 3/4) (u :Ă 9Ù ĂNatural deposition +dTĂ:Ăterrestrial silty 5Ă a^Ăclay loam; >.Ămoderately "# Ăprocess $sticky, ĀĂeçĂ Rimoderately plastic; °ĂÇgradual,Ă ,;L¢Vã7©VKpã*ãK¢´DWSã´oBackhoe Trench 9 contained theV㥢ÓãߢWãplow zone ³¢yã-¢´VØ´ã ã´¢ã;ãTW¥soil, Context 1, to a depth´oã¢aã$&ãKãHW¢Óãof 45 cm below SgĂ Ă smooth lower boundary JPĂ ³Ê¯_CKVã-¢´\´ã ãsurface. Context 1 ¢ÐV©;Ûã.¢´ZØ´ã!ã;ãT<©ã¨WSS{²oãH©¢Öãoverlay Context 2, a dark reddish brown ©VSãred ²|ÉãK;Ûãsilty clay o;¨T¥;ãhardpan ³¢yãsoil Ă3 1 F65-150+ E[ _y KĂStrong # pĂ ©brown (7.5YR4/6)-ĂDFĂS6N#yĂterrestrial (øĂ !$ ĂNatural deposition ¥¨W³W´ã´¢ã;ãpresent to a SV¥½sã¢_ã)%ãKãdepth of 85 cm HW¢Óã²Ê©a;KVã-¢´ZØ´ã!ã¢ÐV¨;Ûã.¢´WÙ´ãbelow surface. Context 2 overlay Context ã;ã¨VSã11, a red j¨;ÐWÛãgravelly !ùĂsilty Ăclay ±Ă< èĂ$ Ăloam; moderately sticky, eĂprocess =Ă":t$'Ă ĂÅĂmoderately plastic, base of | {excava-āĂ ³|½ÞãJ;Ýãsilty clay ¢;㥨V³Vµãloam present ´¢ã½oVãH;³Vã¢aãZØK;Ð;¾}¢ã;¶ãto the base of excavation at $ãJã140 cm HV¢Óã³Ë`;KVãbelow surface. Ö* Ătion ,;K¢Wã8¨VKpãBackhoe Trench !!ãK¢´;yVTã22 contained ´qVãthe ¥¢Óãà¢Vã³¢yãplow zone soil, .¢´]´ã ã´¢ã;ãTV¥´rã¢aã&&ãLãHV¢ÔãContext 1, to a depth of 55 cm below H köd )Ă\ĂBackhoe Trench 31 ³ÌeKWãsurface. -¢´VØ´ã ãContext 1 ¢ÐV®;Ûãoverlay .¢´ZØ´ã!ã;ãContext 2, a T;«ãªdark reddishVST|²oãH«¢Óãbrown ³|½Ûãsilty K;Ûãclay ¢;ãs;¨T¥;ãloam hardpan ³¢yãsoil ¡Ă1 Ă3 %20-25 4Ăb!ÈĂDark reddish NÚ@Ă 2Bbrown (2.5YR-ĂZ&Ă3/4) ` åĂSecondary ";deposi}Ă ¥¨W³W·ã´¢ã¿Wãpresent to the H;³Vã¢aãbase of WÚM;Ð;½}¢ã;´ã $ãKãexcavation at 140 cm HV¢Óãbelow ³Ê©a;KVãsurface. #ôĂterrestrial *AĂ Ăsilty clay loam;²ĂÁ¸éMĂmoderately 9oĂ? Ătion event ,;K¢Vã9©VKpã!)ãK¢´;yWTãBackhoe Trench 28 contained ¾pWãthe ¥¢Óãplow á¢Vãzone ³¢yãsoil, -¢´ZØ´ã ã´¢ã;ãSV¥½pãContext 1, to a depth ¢aã"ãKãHV¢Óãof 30 cm below $ XĂsticky, <ßĂmoderately 'Ă ã"Ăplastic; abrupt, ²Ê©dKWã-¢¸[Ø´ã ã¢ÐW¨;Ûãsurface. Context 1 overlay .¢´YÙ´ã$ ã;ãT;¨ãContext 4, a dark ¨WTTy³sãH¨£×ã³½ÞãKreddish brown silty clay;Ûã¢;ãloam Óy´oãSWk©;T jãwith degrading gĂû=Ă JOĂsmooth lower boundary rock fragments present to a depth of 60 cm below surface. Context 4 overlay Context 5, a 2Ă2 Ă1 25-85 3 ĂDark >*Ăreddish qĂbrown ,§-Ă1¦VĂ(2.5YR 3/4) (÷Ă * ĂNatural deposition ¬¢Oãg;mW¹³ã¥¨V³W´ã´¢ã;ãTW¥½oã¢bã(ãQãHV¢Óã³Ïa;KWã.¢´^ºã$ã¢ÐW;Ûã.¢´VØ´ã% ã;ã /Àõ!Ăterrestrial 7mAĂĂsilty clay 'Ăloam; +SĂmoderately Üprocess Ă T;¨ã¨WTSy³tãH©¢Óã²½ÛãK;Ûãdark reddish brown silty clay ¢;ãÕ½oã¨WTã;TãHloam with red and black;KãTWj¨;U|j㨢Kãdegrading rock h=jV´³ãfragments ¥¨W³W´ãpresent w)ÏĂsticky, ÞĂmoderately "R9 GĂplastic; Kr¾Ăgradual, ´¢ã¶pVãH;³Vã¢bãto the base of \K;Ð;âã;´ã $'ãKãHW¢Óã³Ê¨a;KWãexcavation at 145 cm below surface. Ăsmooth l ÂĂ PĂlower boundary Ă9 Ă1 «Y E[ 85-150+ 4=ÊĂDark @Ă ªbrown (7.5-ĂYR 1&0Ă3/4) ó7Ăterrestrial ( ĂNatural 8ñ Ădeposition *AĂsilty 5 Ăclay maGĂnloam; moderatelyc ¹Ă$sticky, Ă >process Ă 5 Summary and Conclusions <Nê:ÿĂ Ôò)'Ămoderately plastic; ĂÆĂ6|º?base of excavaUĂ ; Ătion " Centimeters below surface. +´ã»oVãAt the ¨W§ÊW³´ã¢cãrequest of 5ÎB;ãPulama 2@;y ã8ã6ã/ÛWãã.¢V;jÊW³ ã+¨MLana'i, T. S. Dye & Colleagues, Archaeologistsp;V¢¢ky³´³ãp;³ãhas K¢¥W´WTãcompleted ;ã;¬Ko;V¢¢lKFãan archaeological ÑV´¢«Ûã³Ê±WÛãinventory survey _¤¨ãfor ¾uWã3ãthe Miki ,;³yã!ã+K¨WãBasin 200 Acre 1Tʳ¾ªyEãIndustrial /WÐV¢¥W´ãDevelopment. QhwQ4w[>-wFour of the !H>Q-wb0N">-Xwbackhoe trenches "QN[CN-*wcontained gCTd-wQUwPQL QeXwunique or anomalous RUQ9I-Xw@-wprofiles. The 9UX[w'>Q-wfirst, Backhoe 5WTV³Æ|BãPedestrian ³Ê¨ÐWÛã;Tã³ÊH³Ë¨_;KWãsurvey and subsurface ´V³½yjãÓY©Wãtesting were K¢SËK´WUã´¢ãSW´W°conducted to determineWâã´pW㥨W³Y KWãthe presence V0O#?ww$Trench 8, containedQN[CO-*w_A-wSIQnwthe plow uQN-wXQCKwzone soil, QN[2[ww\Qww*-S[>wQ5w w$Mw -IQnwYfU6%.wContext 1, to a depth of 30 cm below surface. ¢¨ãAI³WKWã¢aãw³´¢¨yK㥢¥Y»yV³ã;Tãor absence of historic properties and Kʼʬ;ã;´W¬cultural materialsy;³ãÓy´x¡ã¾oWã4ã,;³{ã!ã+KªWãwithin the Mlkl Basin 200 Acre QN[.q[wwQj1UIrwQN]/q]w wwContext 1 overlay Context 10, a + Fwdark W-*,X>wreddish WQpwbrown X-$QN+ CIsw+-RQYC^-*wRIQowvQN-wZQDIwsecondarily deposited plow zone soil 1SʳÆ|;ã/WÒX¢Industrial Development.¥Y´ã 0ʯ|jã´oW㥨¢WKDuring the project,¼ ã ;ã ã¥W¨KW´ãa 100 percent ¥WSW³Èy;ãpedestrian ³Í±VÛã¢aã´oWãsurvey of the nC]?wSIX`&wwith plastic : 95 96 GĊproperty, UaĊSite *( N( ' IĊ50-40-98-1980. 6FĊ ĊýĊ AĊñĊBecause the two secondary artifact scatters &Ċ0Ċc àĊlack integrity Continued from previous page ĊmGĊèsĊof setting, location, +Ċ ĊĂ Ċand association with ĊbĊother sites Ċand üHĊ ĊĊfeatures, they do <Ċ Ùnot represent Ċ &+&-Context $ Description & - "@9Ċ éĊ+Ċhistoric properties and ĊÁ .Ċ"oDê ĊĊno further investigations of Ċthe BĊĊscatters are !V1 Ċwarranted. (á14 97 98 Continued from previous page Continued from previous page ÃüBag Mate- Ï ffüClass Period* # Ví¸üWt> VÅÛЯüWhole Notes "Bag Mate- "Class "Period" # ½ěĉįWt* "Whole Notes " rial rial" !Sü19 Hüstone =ü±Ygüadze reject æoütrad. 1 1P242.5 =üAdze Ëhüreject üD8ülength 6.0 cm; O)įthickness 6"įį2.8 cm width 3.4 cm; mü"NüD9'ü !""Context 19 j$Î:üthickness Kü ü2.2 cm į16 + įstone ÍĪÎįadze äįreject ğ Cįtrad. Gį1 qį20.6 ºįThe Č%į įdistal end 0į įĨįof an adze ÜÚi·ü&üContext 18 ÔAįT &åįreject broken -į, įÅįįdue to an end Oü17 -^ücoral `a.ümanuport 1ütrad. OüI ">rQü30.7 üP1ü9üLength 5.4 cm; shock į0 ,Ħ į- âįfracture during width6 ü"L3.4üÙ'ücm; ÙÄ ¥įflaking; length į(r"į4.8 Mįcm; /$3 :üs?ü3Öüthickness 2.1 cm Z !įs įwidth 2.6 cm;į Qü17 stone ü =ü².üadze reject %tütrad. 1 !A&126.8 n ÔüProximal üüüend of an Jüadze 8)į thickness 1.25įįcm ³ü ¤¬üreject discarded ü/ü#,üdue to an į16 č Ïįstone waterwornĎÐĄ&3įøÆTįcobble Ġ tįtrad. t 'į142.2 ¸RįB ďą 3į įSmall waterworn cobble ,ü )üend shock ¹Gfracture; ü #_a Kį;+į"uįêLįmanuport; length 8.7 cm; Ñ h ülength B&ü7.8 ücm; width% üuüZTü4.2 cm; c įwidth (D į4.6 įcm; .ÈY üvüRü üthickness 2.7 cm Y)į'"įįthickness 2.8 cm adze reject ?Bü17 /üstone =[üÌ[Cü kWwütrad. ü1 BAü76.4 (üü ü(üDistal end of an Jüadze ]püreject, ªõðĐ×įContext 20 likely broken off due to an _ Õùü â µü ¾üüÒü£ü į14 >îÇįceramic semin`&úporcelainæ $į Oàvįhlsi. I 'Iį26.7 ¼ > įUndecorated įbase / įsherd end shock fracture. The ü ÍüºIe1ü ü į0 ! [įwith footring į?, %įand partial artifact has cortex on Its (% ½üÆü§Ýé¶üü %ü R;,įģ/į#cobalt blue maker's Ugį< mark į dorsal side and shows -ü6üü ü thatđį # įreads evidence of problems 0 üü< *4 ü P»¬§«į®Qį"TRADEMARK/MADE IN thinning the cross section î üü üDï ü ²¨¦QeįJAPAN" įįwith a @$1 įÀįrising sun of the artifact during »üH üX-ñüIè; ü \logo9&įA į įbetween the %!Öwįlettering. flaking; length 6.0 an; 5E Uü*´ ü@~ü©Uü P´įNį³ fįÃ*hį"Made in Japan" maker's width 3.9 cm; $ ü"Mü ü #*marks į įþ Z.į įon ceramics were thickness 1.9 cm 6E:ü!|Sü×ü ûù-[ required į @ĝ į¯=įstarting In į1921 adze reject trad. 1 110.5 Distal portion of a large !Rü17 üstone Jüã]ü kxü ü !>}ü üaGg$,ü ¼üü7- ü į ñ Ĥ į į(~įµÂ Aįand continued to 1941. Part (lake with signs of heavy 5* üm ü$ üü øü 0įWįof the <įb%įįsame vessel as įthe step fracturing along one àüå¨ö ü#+ üü handīpainted ] įÛ9 fragment;!į edge. It is likely to have Nüjüü^)úü.ü 0ü 2length įH4Iįį5.7 cm; įH5įwidth 5.3 100 99 Continued (ram previous page &)-guava ĔThe historically]í Ĕ (B ĔLĔ Ĕintroduced tree or ,!.Ĕshrub, (D ?0 A DPsidium guajava, * ĔÍĔ;-tÈĔcommon in Hawaii (.HBag +.tDMate- )X/rrClass Period* # Wt.* Whole Notes Ĕtoday. rial $% historic - property !%,- According¨ 4 ĔĔ;n u Ĕ ÛL7ĉĔto Hawaii Administrative hĔRules §13-198-2, (Ĕr) Ĕan "historic 14 :En1e:ceramic pEdSihj:E[1_gsemi- porcelain KSpx hist. 0.4 ,f@E:hj1zEA6h@Undec orated body pKEjAsherd; #HĄsĔ Ĕ£Ĕproperty" is any ' Î .ĔæćxĔbuilding, structure, _DĔobject, B&EĔdistrict, yĔĔarea, or CĔ ± Ĕsite, including çunderwaēĔ ZEfJ}O length 13 :a!cm; S@xK >!width 1.2 cm; ĔzĔ bĔ Ĕter site, that is Á>îĔ0ĔòĔ èDĔ) gsignificant in the history, architecture{Ĕ=¬ |Ĕ Ĕarchaeology, or ¯Ĕculture ¶Ĕof Ĕthe }KU=WEpp:bthickness 0.3 cm ĔĔstate of ;%ċ v SĔ ĔHawaii, its *mcommunities,Ýó2ĔĔor $ ĔôTĔthe nation, 14 9Ej1ceramice: QuEwhite E3}NEf1kEearthenware KSpvhist. 1 6.7 ,gAE;hk0{FAkSdqLFlA"Undecorated rim sherd; [EfJxL :c!length 4.0 cm; S@xL>&width 2,5 cm; irregular &!- Ĕ ĔA soil 6 qĔĔboundary in P\^ Ĕ Ĕ Ĕwhich the depth Ĕ6 k 7 Ĕ of undulation is Ĕ Ĕgreater Ĕ than itsĔP& UĔwidth, |KU 101 102 Hawaiian Terms Č[Vä ľ& ľ qľrľ = ¾ľ ľ H#prohibited, forbidden; sacred, holy, consecrated; no trespassing, ľ Äľ ľkeep out. kduta # :7 ľÅ!sľProphet, seer, magician. 9ľ ahu "&Ę ÐĘ Heap, pile; altar,&ĘÂLĘ ¤Ęshrine, cairn. !!#kawakawa ċľ_ ě _ľħBonito, little tunny ĀľGF'66GCLJ(F7 L{Euthynnus yaito). ahupua'a JgĘ"ĎTraditional Hawaiian Ę Ęv &Ęland division, Ęusually đ]Ę»GĘextending from #Ęthe 3 ĘĘ4 Ęuplands to the #kthapai ¤¯ľSmall p-ľland ÃĶ tľ®ľdivision, smaller ľľthan a <G-,Lpauku; Į E ľB cultivated patch,Rľ!Rľgarden, 0ľorchard, Ęsea. >6Fľ Mľúþľfield, small farm. 'dina xĘLand, SĘearth. ïĄľkd ;(´=3ľSugarcane, &A5L8$Saccharum ofpcinarum, (6A5 L ľ D ľľ, Uwas introduced to Hawai'i ľľby :óN)3ľPolynesian ĕuľsettlers, akua 'Ę Ę H=6Ę NĘv Ę= 7Ę âĘGod, goddess, spirit, ghost, devil, image, corpse. ľ #Ĵ ľ Ėľwho cultivated it 9ľ<ľwidely. The ľstalk ľwas ľ Gchewed between ľ«ľmeals "ĉľ^ ľ Ģľfor its sweetness, 'alae .Ę=&ĘA bird, <+(@- 6/@Fulica americana + @alae, Ę \ ĘĘ" <9ʦćĘthe mudhen or Hawaiian gallinule. ĘWĘSee also + @'alae * @kea. ( ľľ*ľbrought on long ìIJľľjourneys to ľease 4ī-vľ3ľhunger, and dľ'eaten in ľhľľtimes of Ñ°$ľfamine; íĬ ľÝąľjuice from ali'i dChief,(Ę <(Ęchiefess, ¶ 6Ęo+7Ęofficer, ruler, / c(Ę3æLĘmonarch, peer, Ęhead Ęman, 'Ęnoble, F ä ĘË2'Ęã,'Ęaristocrat, king, queen, ľthe * ľstalk ľľ ľwas fed to !'-ľ©'wľľ¿ľľnursing babies, and used as ľ ėÍľ ľ'ÿľ# JNMľa sweetening agent in medicinal Ô m!Ęcommander. 8·ľ $ľ herbal concoctions; theÆľEľPľleaves were ľľused as áľthatching ľfor ľhouses; ľthe ľüč Vľleaf midrib aloha -ʵ p7Ę (ĘLove, affection, compassion, &Ęmercy, ðĖásympathy, yĘ Ęetc ľľÛľCK#O ľwas used for plaiting ¸ďT ľ ľPľľ ľ $ľbraids that were made into hats; ľľ"ľthe stem of ľthe I !ľ ľflower was 'apapane .Ęcª3ĘA honeycreeper, "-:)0/ @9/Himatione sanguinea <#/ @Đ#Ęwith [< Ęcrimson bodyĘĘand D*Ę Ęblack wings 2Ęand usedľ ľ Çľto make ¶ ľ" ľľ mľ 1ľdarts for a child's game. < BĘąĘĘ ĘõĘtail, found on all the Ęmain " 0@ĘT 2ĘĘHawaiian Islands. Its ³feathers Ę occasionally W ĘĘwere %ĘEĘused for #ko'a ¥ã Shrine, ľ" often ľ 5 Aľľconsisting of ¼½ľ'6ľľcircular piles of 6ľ ľ -0ľcoral or stone, ĭ ľľbuilt along 4ľthe Zľ ľshore or featherwork. í>QĘ ľBľľ±xľľ ľby ponds or streams, used in =%āľľľceremonies as to %ªľ>ľmake fish %Ğôľ¬multiply; alsoľ @ľľbuilt on ¹)Ďľbird 'aumakua / 1 5ĘĘFamily or k Ępersonal zĘgods, `Ę Ędeified ancestors Ęwho Õ ĘuĘmight assume Ęthe ĘĘshape of &bQľľľislands, and used 'ľ Èľ ľ ľin ceremonies to make )ľbirds ğcL9ľmultiply. /Ý )Ę >AĘ sAĘĘanimals, rocks, clouds, or 3 §plants. Ę #koa #haole ľ[ .' a*ľ)D ľA historically introduced %*ľsmall ĤHľtree, "H "6L%/H LLeucaena glauca. 'awa .Ę o©(ĘA shrub, Piper methysticum, 4 Ęthe ĘĘ 1 ĘñĘroot of which is Ęthe ĘĘĘ0 q Ęsource of a narcotic è>ĘĘdrink of Ęthe #Kona ľ)ľľfľ, & ľLeeward sides of the Hawaiian + ľIslands. ¡ľľľName of a +ĹSľĻ#1ľleeward wind. Ęsame Ęname sĘ Ę used in ceremonies, ÛĘ Ę´ ĘĘ 26Ęprepared formerly by chewing, Ęlater byĘĈ$Ępounding. #konohiki ,ľHead man ľXľľof an &G=ILahupua'a ľ ķ ľland division ıľĜľunder the Z ÒľM ľľchief; land or Øâľfishing Ē ľrights hale "{Ę,Æ®House, building,|Ę÷ Ę j!Ęstation, hall. /ľ D*ľľunder control of ľthe konohiki.-868&0.1 L;ľľSee also ahupua'a.&G=GL he'e Octopus. à%Ę Ko'olau # ¨# µľ)ľ"ľWindward sides of ľ, ľthe Hawaiian õ ľIslands. heiau ;r+Ę" Ę ĘĘTraditional Hawaiian place of He!Ęworship. #kukini ¢ă!0ľ & ľ.yľľRunner, swift messenger, as 7ľľľemployed by old ? 0ľ 5eľľB. (chiefs, with a premiumľľ 58ľon their helu Ę ĉĘkt ZBĘ ĘTo count, number, compute, CĘĘtake a }Ę·ĊĘcensus, figure @uĘÑMĘenumerate, list, $ )ĘÇ8Ęinclude, impute; 2ľspeed. Ę7ĘĘto assess, as ìĘĘtaxes; to ĘĘ+ ĘĘchant a list of G ĘĘnames, as Ę Ęof genealogy; $«,$Ęincluding, ,þ~Ęcounting, kukui # <ľThe ľ Fľcandlenut tree, /"H>3E"DL58/H 6 LAleurites moluccana, ľ ľintroduced to , S nľºľ:+Ľ ²ľHawai'i by Polynesian Ą JĘ Ę Ęenumeration, census, list, Ęrate, 'Ęnumber, ¸b)Ę &Ęf-@ïĘø4 !Ęfigure, total, inventory; statistics. 2ľ¦settlers. Theľľ ľouter husk Óľ ľof the ÔĐ( ľľfruit or ( ľ ľnut was ľ ľ% ľľused to make a ľľľblack dye for Cľtapa $%$@7// .ĘÍĘ ù6ĘA land section, ²nextĘÈĘ Ó9 ĘĘin importance to !<2<@ahupua'a, Ęand %%Ò5ĘĘusually a subdivision% - ĘĘĘof an ľ &and tattooing; $ľľsap ľfrom ľthe Yđ ľfruit ľwas ľľ^ #used as medicine ľ ľto ĥ ľtreat !zľthrush, ľľand used !<2= @ahupua'a. as a B/ O E$ľpurgative; ľthe ľ@@ľ"ľhard shell of ľthe ( ľ ľ(ľ5ľnut was used in 2#(Llei AľOľmaking; the ē+ľľ ?ľkernel of the 'iliahi Uúċ^ĘÿĘ9ĘÁĘNative trees and shrubs belonging $ĘĘ4 ĘĘto the genus /:+<-@Santalum, ĘYhĘ]or sandalwood. Tradi / ľnut ľwas ľĩ ľ"ľ-ľéľ à ľthe source of an oil that ľWijÀľ"Ċ ľ ùİ ľľľĪľľľwas burned for illumination and also used as a û + Ę ĘĘtionally, it was ʨĘpowdered and ĒĘmixed ď öĘwith Ęcoconut =iĘoil toĘ *Ę½ Ęmake perfume IĘfor *3 @kapa. ľEĔ?ľwood varnish "ľ8Ö 8ľfor surfboards ľand ľcanoes; ľ Îthe kernel*ľ ľwas ľ=? ľalso chewed ľand # ľľspit on $.>@imu ¡¾Þ,Ę-RĘUnderground oven. ľľľrough seas to Kľcalm ľ the ocean ľAľand ľbaked ðÏľkernels PG!ľwere ýľmixed ľ`ľwith salt ľÂçľand chili ipu ĘtOĘThe gourd, Lagenaria /7@siceraria.9& 58 @ !ľ ľpepper to % ľľmake a 4ľrelish )6586L('tnamona); 4ľthe ģľtrunk ľkľľ ľwas used to make bľNľcanoes and Úľfloats V¿ÃÉÎĘKahiki düNĘE Ę PĘTahiti, foreign land. Üľ>êľ $ľľfor fishing nets; a Jľreddish ľ ľdye was %ľmade Y.ľdľ ľľ $ľľßûľÐľfrom the bark and/ or root; a gum exuded kahuna ç ò)ĘPriest, sorcerer, : Ę bF 9)Ęmagician, ė Ęwizard, Ö Ę:minister, expertēĘ lĘØĔĘin any _F@PĘprofession. %ľ k-ľñľ ľľ ľfrom wounded bark was used to jľtreat 7ľ 4ľtapa; the I Gľ ľëľ # ľ ľflower was mixed with sweet potato ľ kala .Ę ĘXĘEĘA generic name for `#Ę1Ęfish in ô#Ę¢Ü ë#Ę:%Ęthe Unicorafish genus @Naso. TĘ Ęn ?5Ę Ę ĘIt is generally caught in ľi ľĝ$ľto treat thrush; ľLĵthe leavesľ H.ľľ ľľįg were used in a poulticeľľĺËøèľfor swelling ľ& X Ġ1ľand infection. nets ĘĘ or with ĘĘa /HĘ Ęa#Ęspear. The flesh ĘĘhas a ĀĘĘstrong odor 0Ę Ęand is hĘrarely ĘĘ Ę ĘóĘeaten raw; it is often kula # 2ľ:LUFľÙ1. Plain, field,6{ľľopen / Dľ8ľ³ľ &ľľ !ľ. 2ľ2ľ; +1ľcountry, pasture; land with no water rights. 2. School. ĘĘbroiled or p Ę Ępartially dried VĘand broiled. ?!Ę kuleana # £ ľRight, ľtitle, 77 ľproperty, ľ!ÌC W5portion, responsibility,K l|ľî/ \»g0ľ/jurisdiction, authority, lľ'!É ľinterest, kala ĘThe taro,AĘ 0+1 @ 9 =, /;@Colocasia esculenta, KĘĘ ĘßĘ$Ęāwas a staple food in traditional\ r Ę";w;Ę2ĘHawai'i and iÏĘ0all parts Ę }ľļ ]c9ľclaim, ownership. Ęof #Ę Ęthe plant ^IĘ!Ęwere used. ĘThe *ĘĘrootstock was baked *ĘĘX'Ęor steamed, :Ęthen eatenÚĘ+ Ęsliced "#lawai'a J%3$ľFisherman; Ętoľ ľ> ľcatch fish. Ęor ĆĘĘpounded to G *Ęmake 41'@poit KĘĘKĘraw taro was +Ęalso Ęgrated Ęand ×Ę Ę Ę ?*Ęmixed with coconut milk lehua # <ľI ľľęľHie flower of the 'ohi'a9&*LiQľtree, "F?:B3!">8BLMetrosideros =8/K8@&Lpolymorpha, 6ľalso ľthe jľtree +ľitself. ;ľ`See alsoĆ~ľ Ęto CĘmake )Ę4 Ę -Ędesserts, the leaves, _Ę ĘYĘaĘleaf stems and flowers nĘwere ?Ę%Ę$Ę Ì!Ęalso used in cooking. ;&+L4"&GL'ohi'a lehua. 1 f¥5Ę ĘMedicinally the £ČĘleaves Ęand D>ĘĘĘĘĂĘ Ù5ĘÅ ĘÀ¯Ę 0Ęrootstock were used to treat many ailments. The plant öÊåľ÷ ľ 1ľlei Garland, wreath. Ę Ę,Ę ăjĕĘĘwas also used ritually, as ;ĘºĘbait for ¹ ĘgOĘfish, glue, ĘĘand to CĘQĘmake dye. #mahalo <TĂľÞ ĦľThanks, gratitude. kama'dina UJ-é(ĘNative-born, ĘêĘ lĘĘone born in a MĘ RĘplace, host. #Mahele §ľ Hie mid-nineteenth A eľ Ĩľcentury @ ľÁæĸ\land divisionľ C]+ľÕ ľfľ& ć( hĈľ"ľ×ľresponsible for the introduction of fee kapa ĘD ĘĘTapa cloth, as Ę¼ Ęmade from ?<* @wauke Ęor mamakl bark.ÊSĘ ľsimple *3ľġland title ľ ľin , o#ľHawai'i. kapu BĘeZ q8Ę ĘIÄčĘmĘTaboo, prohibition; special privilege or ±° 3ýĘexemption Ęfrom ordinaryå¬1/îĘtaboo;8Ę[8Ęsacredness; #mai'a ľò ľľAll kinds of bananasľľand aplantains.Ě) ľ 104 103 ľ maika « ĻAncient +PF ĻHawaiian Ļgame suggesting)6Ļ2ĄøĻbowling. -+ijŜŜvine was Ŝalso ŜŜused as ę Ŝpadding üŜĊŜunderneath floor Ŝmats. !,BŜAll Ŝ@ŜŜt ŜŜparts of the plant were maile *Ļ;ò -ĻĬĻ )Â8ĻA native twining shrub, Ch< iAlyxia KCA 03KJ8Ziolivaeformis, vĻ (Ļt`Ĝ#Ļ+ !Ļ KĻused in traditional Hawaiian religion ŜŜăŜused as food Ŝ 8Ŝfor pigs. ×&ŜKamapua'a ŜŜwas the Ŝ Ŝ5ŜŁŜyŜgod of the sweet potato. Ļ "Ļ²LĻto evoke Laka, ĻĻIĻ4Ļthe goddess of hula. 9C0iMaile q="Ļsticks å.Ļĸ ĻMõĻgummed with lime ĻĻĻwere used as e0ektthu ! Ŝ łŜĈŜ %ŜAn adult fish in ŜþêĘĠŜthe family ' *¸ŜScaridae. Ļpart of ĻĻ ĻĻ Ļ2 Ļa rig to catch birds. 'utu EŜc è1. Discoidal, ŜWsmoothŜ ŜŜstone as Ŝ Ŝused in fAfkD =< k'ulu maika KŜ9Ŝgame; 2. <ČŜBreadfruit, P_I Uf[kArtocarpus mala ®GĻGarden, 5 $ 1Ļplantation, Ļpatch, İ6wĻa Ļcultivated field. >b7?:kaitilis. D DmSmane G1i *Ļĝ ĻA native %SĻtree, KR6KS!i(7Y[LR6gCC!iSophora chrysophylla, Ļ;ëwĻĻêĻthat thrives at high #6ĨĻ, /6Đ 0 Ļaltitudes. Traditionally wahine äWŜB.ŜřĆKŜr+ġWoman, lady, wife; sister-in-law, Ŝÿm Ŝ T _ %_#Ŝ ŜŜWR$female cousin-in-law of a man.`Ŝ OĻthe HĻwood ĻĻwas used ĻĻfor a ĭĻvariety of ĻHĻ Ē4$ Ļ9Ļwood implements, and Ļ $Ļalso in 6PCe!iholua Ļ,Ļsleds. The wauke aŜ ŜA small ŋŜŜēl Ŝtree or shrub, PJf[[JF&c4 kL OP7*&Q kBroussonetia papyrifera, Ŝ(ĞŜwhose bark wasŜŜ Ŝmade into ; L kkapa Ý ĻĻflower was )Ļused =/$ ĻĻ$Ļu Ļmedicinally as an astringent. ,5EŜcloth. gŜThe % Ŝ)UŜinner bark Ŝwas ŜŜUŜused to make "Ŝcordage, ŜŜand the ŜŜshoots were ŜŜused to D"GMimano µ%ûVĻShark. \ĻIn +!/ĻHawaiian =#ĪÌ8Ļculture, Ļthere Ļare Ļ ĻĻtwo classes of gĻsharks. HNiMand B/H!B ikanaka Ļare Ŝ +#Ŝtreat childhood Ŝdiseases. gŜThe -Ŝ,Ŝleaves, along TŜ)? Ŝwith banana ŜŜand taro -leaves, Ŝ Ŝ&Ŝwere used gĻsharks 3Ļwith į]ĻÜrDĻ<$Ļhuman affiliations, and E HOi9#imand i'a GĔĻQ Ļare wild ĕ"Ļsharks. $HNiBMand kanaka%H!B i-Ļwere ceremonially , }ŜŜŚŜto wrap Ŝ(AŜ Ŝåthe bodies of all'lĥssŜ@*Ŝ8Ŝafter death. ĻĻ revered and cared Ļ for, 8ĻĻ Ļand were Be!iakua Ļor #eF Be i'aumakua. weke 0ļiŜ"TŜĀŜCertain species of NőuŜ Ő# ŃMullidae, surmullets, ŜŜor ĉŜĐ Ŝgoatfish, which {Ŝhave ëčŜlarge ,ŜkŜìŜscales and are md'T ±1ĻKing, ē)Ļqueen, :%!Ļsovereign, % 'Ļmonarch, Ļor Ļa čĻrank of Ļ fĻchiefs 7Ļ 4Ļ ĻĻwho could succeed to 'Ļthe ħŜp$ŜA$Ŝ@ŜfŜusually found in reefs. Red ŜĦ Ŝand light-colored g&<&kweke Ŝwere ŒíŜŜpopular as ć ŜŜoffering to Ŝthe -ę Ļgovernment but&BĻĻNĻĻwho were of Ļlower N<úĻrank Ļthan ç!chiefs Ļ ÐĻdescended ?Ļfrom ĻĻthe god °ºĻKane. Ŝgods. mo'o Ļ´ÁĻt Ļ1. Narrow strip of ĻMTĻ Ļland, smaller ' Ļ Ļthan an }îïð¥Ļ¡'lit; 2.Ļ³z Ļ r ĻLizard, reptile ofĻĉ Ļany þĻldnd, TĻdragon, m ZĻserpent; 7 Ļ water spirit. Ļ Abbreviations naio *ĻĞx-ĻA native pn-UĻtree, QRKXEiMyoporum \ H.f?)0H]0 isandwicense, QĻwith hard,1Ļ L1Ļdark, #Mb >ĻĻyellow-green wood. ,'ĻThe wood was used traditionally for the main timbers of houses. Ļ7ĻĻģ` 0 ĻI%ĻĻ Ļq2:Ļ ĻCVĻ RñŜac. !Ŝ%Ŝ Ŝ# Ŝ ŜA unit of land area C& ŜŜ/. /equal to 4,840HŜC Ŝsquare Ŝyards 7º/»ÝŜĎ"3\ Ŝ(0.405 hectare). pala *ĻĠıĻÒĻA native fern (Marattia douglasii), ĻĻ with a shortĻnCĎĻ Ļ äDĻtrunk and large, Ļlong-stemmed, C Ļmuch !S aV!i.Ke4C!^@i ËÑŜAD FFJkJAnno Domini,E3F4k2ŜbS the Christian4ě ŜŜ Ŝera in YõŜdthe Gregorian +Ŝ îŜ3zŜ Ŝcalendar, starting from ńtheŜ[ŜÍŜ Ŝyear ad 1 divided, dark green fronds. In time of famine, the thick, starchy, hoof-shaped bases ËĴĻGùĻc Ļ?jĻ¯ĻsĻÕĻI!1Ļe.Ļ;ÈĻ Ė_æ 1ĻÖ Ļ2Ļ ŜŜas the & ŜŜ Ŝcalculated year in đ Ŝwhich 0Ē ChristŜŜwas (`Ŝborn, of the frond stems, which cover the short trunk, were eaten after being baked in ĻéĻßAĻDĻf_Ļ ĻĻ ĻħĻ- ÍĻ $Ļ Ļ2 (Ļ&hĻ3$Ļ òvŜcm àŜ 6Ĝ4ŜŜThe centimeter, a ŗŜŔŜ ŜĢ SŜ Ŝderived unit of length in ŜMýėwVŜ'DnŜ ŜâĴŅ^Ŝthe International System of Units, C&ŜŜequal to $Ļan 9Eeiimu đxÔĻ,.Ļovernight. The @ mucilaginous Ļ: Ļwater ) (Ļresulting ?Ļfrom ! (Ļ] ĻÿĻslicing and soaking Ļthe ¼10ÀŜ2 FŜ'Ŝ ŜX¡m. See also m. raw stems in water was used medicinally. Pieces of the fronds mixed with maile lei Ļ Ļ (Ļ -%ĻĻĻÊ= # ĻE ĻĻ ĻJĻĆĻ7 OĻF 9C0iC09i ÎÛPŜGPS d Global)> Ŝ= %ŜPositioning Þ[ùĪŜķú System, operatedŜ)ŜŜ-ľŜ Ŝ5Ŝby the government of the QxŜUnited ßEŜhŜStates. The enhanced their fragrance. The fern was also used in heiau ceremonies. ċ Ļ %Ļàc Ļ·Ļ×ÓĻĻ0ĻCĻ÷Ļ609 ei NČĻ ŜŜ Ŝterm is often ŜpŜused for ņŜthe 5Ŝunit ŜDŜ"įĵ used to communicateDŜʼnŜwith ŜÕe'GŜthe GPS. panini A cactus, Opuntia megacantha, introduced to Hawai'i in the 1800s. The Hawaiian ©Ļ ĩSĻReIb> iF04!* HT6 i ĤÅĻĻ+»~ ĻñkĻĻ¤YYĻ¸Ļ[ !¾Ļ Ĕı¢Ŝin. !ŜŕŜ Ŝu Ŝ Ŝĺ BŜŜA unit of linear measure equal to Ŝ5one twelfth 4Ŝ ŜæŜ Ŝ798:IŜ X\£Ŝof a foot (2.S4 cm). name means "unfriendly wall." Hawaii ans made a fermented drink from the fruits ½Ļ Ļ{(âH# Ļ0i|Ļ+P¼ ĻĻĻĻėĻáAĻĻãíĻ ØÐŜLCA ÌŘŜ Awards issued ŜïŜby 2Ŝthe <3ôŜ Ŝ0Board of Commissionersİĕ ŜŜÜZto QuietŜÙLand Ŝh #TitlesŀŜ)4 Ŝ /ÄŜbetween 1846 and also ate them raw. 9Ļ Ļ Ļ Ļ%Ļ Ŝand ::ŜŜwŜ1855 to persons 2Ŝo Ŝwho filed ŜŜclaims to jŜland (Ŏ* Ŝ /ÅŜbetween 1846 $Ŝ I ¤Ŝand 1848. pauku A land section smaller than a mo'o. *Ļ Ļ ğĻ0 : ĻOĻĻEKKi vŜm áŜ.ŜŜThe meter, a )Ŝ& ŜāŜģŜ%ŜD2ŜMĽbase unit oflength in the International6> Ŝ'Ŝ ŜQIJSystem of Units,ŜC ŜŜequal to Ŝthe mŜlength pili A native grass, Heteropogon contortus, whose leaves were used traditionally as house ªĻ6 Ļ FĻ2`0WRK4KHi+KHaKSd_ iĻ ĻĻ)Ļĥ3s Ă ĻĻ)Ļ Ŝ6ŜŜof the path traveled|Ŝ([Ŝ#Ŝ %Ŝ| &œŜŖ$ŜŜY XŜĿ? Ŝ Ŝ ¹9;;by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299,792,458¥Æ;9.I: Ŝ ŜŜof a thatch. 'XĻ ¦Ŝsecond. pipi 1. Hawaiian pearl oyster, Pinctada radiata. In songs this is known as the i'a hamau XĻ[¹PF 9ĻlāĻ Ļ:H,- . iS!.; b i\ĻĻě Ļ/ĻĀĹĻĻ Ļ<#i7%E ei ãPÏPŜUSGS aŜA ?Ŝfederal "Ŝagency 6Ŝthat -providesöŜ ûðŜ reliable scientific * Ŋ Ŝ Ąz Ŝinformation Ŝto lŜdescribe Ŝand C0KiKif ileo o 'Ewa, RĻ'Ewa's 4 Ļsilent Ļsea īKĻĻ& ijĻcreature—it was believed Ļ@ýĻthat talking #Ļwould ĻĻcause a Z * ŜŜÒyKŜĮśŜŜ@ŜV+ąŜunderstand the Earth; minimize loss of life Ŝand ĸ4Ŝ ĨŜproperty from Ō Ŝ natural disasters;÷ÊŜ breeze to ripple the water and frighten the pipi 2. Cattle. & zĻĻ /55 ĻdĻ ĻĻJ ĻĻR9R8i¢Ļ¬0WĻ Ŝmanage water, Ŝ(A r R Ŝq^Ŝbiological, energy, Ŝand ĭĤŜZ3óÈŜmineral resources; >$Ŝand Ŝenhance $Ŝand "Ŝprotect poi The Hawaiian staff of life, made from cooked taro corms, or rarely breadfruit, ,Ļ +ĶóĻ ÛĻĻ KÚĻ Ļ JĻ "Ļ ^Ļ %oUĻ Ļ #yĻ à ØĚ Ļ ŜĻ ĖŜ Ŝ ĚĂn§Ŝthe quality of life. Ļ9Ļèpounded and thinnedĻ Ļ>Ļwith water. pua kala *ĻġIJĻA native 5 Ñ ĻÄĻperennial herb, U0EKH0i5C e* iArgemone glauca, 7ĻĻćÎĻwhose seeds mixed 7 ĻĻwith a Ļyellow Ļsap ?AĻfrom ;Ļ@LĻ Ļthe stalk were ĻĻĻÀÆĢ Ļused as a narcotic Ļ Ļ 0!Ù¦Ļfor pain relief; eĻ Ļthe sap Ļwas oĻ)Ļ Ļalso used to Bibliography Ħ Ļ^Ļtreat warts. puhi *kyĻ ĻAny eel. ¾¶1. !S ŜL¨ŜOAhlo, H. M.©Ŝ½J ÃŜ!A ]ªŜ<1985, April). FkAn ArchaeologicalR 1 &J@J-5 AkfX'ikJ*kSurvey of ]the1&kTLJ[&"kProposed F 6kLanai F6^ ZSanitary pule E > ĻPrayer, b Ļmagic spell,5 ăĻ/ incantation, 68Ļ& jĻblessing. G#,CBk7_(kLandfill Site, F 5kLanai, h 54kHawaii. =ŜċŜNŜPrepared for M ~ŜÓŜ= +o ŜÖ «Ŝ1çĬŇ ŜN¬Ŝ!2B& E Pacific, Inc. Hamilton M, Ahlo. 'uala ¶ĻĻ5 8ĻThe sweet potato, RKFK0!iIpomoea '!a c& ibatatas, /(uAB ĻĻintroduced to + 3Ļ& ĻHawai'i by E@ĺ 9ĻPolynesian ;4ÏĻsettlers, ÁG2. < ğBeckwith, ŜO®Ŝ7¿JÇH¯ŜM. (1970). g 7+ Fkj`1JBJ/ kHawaiian Mythology. LV#ŏHonolulu:ÉŜQx{* YŜ ŜUniversity of 1éŜe°Hawaii Press. ĻĻ #Ļwas a staple WĻ,.Ļfood. The pv& ĻĻtuber was "Ļcooked ķd Ļwhole ĻĊĻ ĻìĻĻĻand eaten or it was made Ļinto l3Ļpoi ĻĈĻand mixed Q Ļ with coconutĮĻô"Ļ Ļmilk to ".ĻĻmake a dessert; §Ļ3 Ļit ĻÉĻĻ& Ļď Ļwas used as bait for h. Ļmackerel ÂG3. <6ď"UŜcFŜÔ±Borthwick, D. F„ Ŝf8Ŝ0 q ĝ ŜjŜL·Ŝ1²Ŝ1īňŜ7 ;JH.ŜO]FŜR. Chiogioji, and H„ H. Hammatt (1990, May). S!1 &JBJ-9 BkfY'iArchaeological Survey a!¨Ļ¿Ļ Ļ"ĻĻfishing; and to make a :(Ļ ö"Ļfermented drink < iĻ4ĻRĻcalled 'uala 'awa'awa. ,'ĻĵĻThe vine ĻĻmade a C0=ilei H$k)dF.kand Testing *JQkfor a2&kthe KMJ\&%k F 7k8VJWkN F[5JF kProposed Lana'i Airport Expansion. =Ŝ ĶŜÚ iŜbĩĹk³ŜM ´Prepared for Lanai Company, Inc. ÇĻ<ĻĘĻ2 ĻB Ļ 'Ļwhich was worn by nursing mothers Ļ>BmĻĻĻto ensure a good ÞĻĻąüZĻflow of milk; whenĻ Ļ'.Ļdried, the 0tō,Ŝ' 3-ø}Ŝ1Cultural Surveys Hawaii>? µ £Ļ105 106 4.G+ ;! Ě¹[Ě c¦#"EĚBowser, G. (1880). õ"ñ$=õ õThe Hawaiian Kingdom ÚâÛõ õ =õStatistical and Commercial g *õ Directory and 518. KHawaiian İ /gİ[ vİÔ Nİ3³Pineapple Company, Ltd. (1927). ºİ Ā5 Ā*à Ā ĀWhat It Means to Āv Ā Ā,øÿGrow Big in Twenty- Àõl XõTourists Guide. ( ē¨Ě;NAĚL Ě3Honolulu: Bowser and Co. }º,ĀÊàmĀFive Years: ¼ùĀ"<Ë, ĀSixty Pictures ĀĀand a ĀFew "Ð( Ā6 ĀParagraphs That ĀĀ ÞĀĀ*'ĀTell a Story and Mark Ā#i a 25th w°ØFĀ% ĀBirthday, December Fourth;®Ā$Ā Ā% + Ā1901 to December Fourth > ĀkbjWĀ1926 ?I¼İ=(Honolulu: Hawaiian İ Pineapple Ì5. ,DĚDagan, ³+ĚC. ĚP. ĚM., %ĚT. K ĚL. Kº ĚLee-Greig, 0 Ěand )+ĚH. ) ĚH. jÛ9ĈĚHammatt ##Ě(2009, IC ĚAugust). ê@õóCultural Im EďĖowİÕ Company, Ltd. õpact ; õAssessment j õFor õ',õthe Lana'i Ä@ õAirport î õ ³ õImprovements Project inõ Kamoku, õõ Kalulu, and õFõKaunolu Ahupua'a, &ÑõLahaina h¯çõr õõDistrict, Island of&'GÒõ7aõLana'i, TMK: K`Lõ(2)4-9-002:041 ". !Lt Prepared C 19. ęxİ]+6İ3C !İHenke, L A. (1929). ĀݤýĀĀ »¦ ¾ĀĀ&± XĀA Survey of Livestock in Hawaii ^ &İNumber Vİ5 gİin Fõ÷İResearch Øa?ø Publications. ëĚzû'ĚWĚ)&!2Ě½Ěfor Muneldyo & Hiraga, Inc. =Õ P Ěý©ĚĔ!> ĚWailuku, HL Cultural $ăV'ĚSurveys (; Hawaii. lYİâĘn İāİHonolulu: University of (19Hawaii. a 6. ,òÑ 2ĚÅĚ¾\ĚDiVito, N. J. Ě% Ě7 Ě,'Ěand T. S. Dye B# F1Ě$u(2013, September). à]Ě $õArchaeological ð Ó*õíÆõõInventory Survey of õthe v¶Miki 720. èĔ yİF7İHommon, R. J. tD *Uİ(1974). Commentsx áĀĀ ¯Āon the s ĀArchaeological ë§ĀĀ Ā5 ĀSites on the Island Ā 8YofLanai. %Aõ õ5 ÔMõBasin Pipeline Replacement, õ ä õthe Central Ç:õ Nõ õServices Warehouse, and aõ ÜV|Å!õkOMulti-Purpose Field, + fGİAnthropology " ĚÿLİ:Sİ6İDepartment, B. P. :Hİ8Bishop Museum õõLands ofìõKaunolu õ)and Kamoku, .õ8õLahaina 2°èÕPõDistrict, 8,õ õbõLana'iIsland TMK: " "(2) 4-9-002:001 and ! " "TMK: (2)4-9-014:01 1. :SÞ.ĚìAĚPrepared for ôÙĚPulama à Ě% Ě7^ĚLana'i. T. S. ,{Ě~ĚDye & üąDĚIâ* ív^Colleagues, Archaeologists. 521. -ðAzİ-Oİ"Pİ]İKalakaua, K. D. L B İçC u!İ(1990 [1888]). 6 Ā ĀĀThe Legends and *ü ĀĀMyths of .nĀ ĀHawaii: The Fables+ Āand Folk-Lore'RĀ-ĀĀôÂĀof a Strange "ZĀPeople. FAħ {İãYİRutland, VT: Eéĝİ;±İ#Charles E. Tuttle. H7. 5 Ò&w ĚÆ Ě¿Ě0 Ě%ĚDiVito, N. J. and T. $+Ě5'ĚS. Dye # G Ě(2014, 4 "ĚApril). ¿õArchaeological Ð#ÏÌ õAssessment õfor õthe &H Lana'i 1 å õm õContractor Housing {»´Ö/õ õProject, Lands õõofKalulu õand )!Kamoku, Qõt+õ2>Lahaina District,é×/õ+I¡õLana'i .Island, Q22. Ñ|İäİ4´ *Mİ`İKam, W. (1987, March). ~ĀField É£ ĀÙĀInspection Report Ā and Recommendations,ðâ ĀÄÇ 7Ā Proposed Lanai 7cõTMK: " (2) 4-9-002:001. " :!æ ĚPrepared 8ā:Ě đ9Ěfor Pulama Á×&Ě( /dĚLana'i. Honolulu: % Ě$ĚT. S. f'ĚWĚ 2Dye & Colleagues, ßĀ «ÀÁ ĀSanitary Landfill, Kaumalapau,GĀ HĀ! Lahaina, IslandĀ-Ā .[ĀofLanai. İc İİrİ;İPrepared for M & E Pacific, ą}İ Ð 8Inc. IOîArchaeologists. = $%2½İHonolulu: "`ě DepartmentĢİ İ. of Landİ İand ^m&%İNatural ÚA'Resources. c38. ,÷YĚDixon, <ĚB., <ĚØĚM. Major, Ěf3Ěand D. l}}ĚLazzaro B DĚ(1992, Éãw-tC ĚOctober). ¬dõKaunolu: õ An Archaeological T23. -òñ2Kamakau0İ0İİBD X²İS. M. (1961). 9ĀRuling y ĀĀChiefs of 8\ĀHawaii. ?¾İHonolulu: -eeİKamehameha 0Schools pï#Ù¼ËõÈõ õ Inventory Survey and Mappingõõof õState }õSite "50-40-98-25, õKaunolu õand 'ªKealiakapu / Press. -RõAhupua'a, + -¢SõnC$J£YõLana'i, Hawai'L SMç ĚPrepared 8:ĚÄfor Lana'i&ĚeCompany n|Ě>.Ě Ěn Ěand Castle and eP[Ě) zªCooke. Honolulu: 4ð ïĚ5čZĚ Ě Ě&*ĚAnthropology Department, B.P. Bishop Museum.è U24. .<ĞbH>~İß9İ.İLee-Greig, T. L. İand H. İ,¡İjĥİ H. Hammatt Į İ\%!9İ(2009, July). tĀ ĀĀ ÈñAn Archaeological Field Inspection +9. 6/ rĚEllis, = Ě ¤FXĚW. (1963). s!Ãõ!õ®¤õi·¸±ZõJournal of William Ellis. )«Ě² VĉAĚHonolulu: Advertiser -r? ĚPublishing Company. Üę Ā î¥÷ÑĀand Literature 1²¡ĀReview Å Āfor Āthe ò2³ĀÕ>Ā! Ì1 ĀLana'i Airport Improvement " ½: ĀProject, ' ĀKamoku, IĀKalulu, and ĀKaunolu u 2JĀAhupua'a, /Āz´ãö: ĀLahaina District, ¸@Ā!ä)ĀLana'i Island, oĀ3#DĀeTMK: (2) 4Sl9-002:041T#pfĀ4È İ 7(Draft ed.). # 10. 69'1Ěk Ě Ě `C ĚEmory, K. P. (1924a). 6õ õõ¥eõõThe Island ofLanai; a ÉEõõSurvey ofwã:õNative ë¾#0õCulture. Ç9áĚ_Ě 0Number 12 in / ö İPrepared İfor ĩ ċİsİdİÎ ù)İå1čAĊİMunekiyo & Hiraga, Inc. Wailuku, ÏÉ¿İÇ$kİ0ġİHI: Cultural Surveys ,K8Hawaii. éĚ Ě&?ĚBemice P. Bishop Museum ĚU yÿĚBulletin. (//ĚHonolulu, )Ė &¬Ě@*ĚRĚHawaii: Bishop Museum ¢+14. ¸Q o!ĚJĚ H¡"<ĚFornander, A. (1973). õ õõ õAn Account of the ò«õ5Uõq õPolynesian Race, Its yÁõõOrigin and àB^Migrations. 528. ÝSinoto,@İÆİ3 A. (1989,İ" !«İDecember). == Ā<ĀÎ`Letter to Mr.ĀĀþ¿ĀReginald Suzuka % Ā% + ĀDated December dOĀ$4$20, 1989 Ëu0. ĚÔ®ĚOßùĚgĚ% ĚRutland, VT: Charles E Tuttle Company. Ý| ÏRegardingĀ ĀLanai ×( Ā(-Āç0©è ĀÛaĀAirport Surface Assessment Report. İPrepared 'İ×'iİËfor Park Engineering.>@'h>¬ , $JÃİ+ fJĈİ"Ē MİHonolulu: Anthropology Department, :İİ:İþjNB.P. Bishop Museum. £15. hQ !1ĚJĚ_b" ĚFornander, A. (1996). õ"² *õõAncient History of õthe "Dõ õ õHawaiian People to õthe 6 Aõõ ôTimes ofKame- ) õuõhamehal. ( ú¯ĚHonolulu: Mutual.ď/ 29. Þēİ\Sİ H17. )M ĚgEĚĚ §XĚHarris, E. C. (1989). ©;õ<õ ¨õæá EõPrinciples of Archaeological Stratigraphy $ Ě "Ěl ±(Second ed.). London: T P30. àThien, @İ0İS. B * 7İ(1979). Åİă$KİA flow ćêdiagramİ Ĝ'İûėĆİĀĪ for teaching texture-byį %İfeel o¯İanalysis. ÒĀªJournal of 4ä þĚ Ă Academic Press. Ó 9Ā|Agronomic Education /Ā4QĀ8, W·VW54-55. 107 108 12 , HI: the 109 of Survey Hilo, #GJB] ofKamoku, analysis 7Y7SofNgq\GqiJE Pacific. 17?PH@q*S\qW& Archaeology P(<$4JCJ:a Land $H,aJ6a E , of & a ?Za Site M Reconnaissance For Journal J]Q$FaJ7a geochemical Landfill and 7YCqIE[AJEX>7Sq Prepared Zealand 1cF7dECq "1$C$H,a H?W$Ta$H-8FDa! ). 1 Sanitary Archaeological N';#.JCJ9=(#Da /)JHH$@U%H)0a!]R5 New 3`a KLJV4,a!$ petrographic, Proposed ^Ej[Ib8_JO> q Islands. October). (TMK:4-9-02:por. MJO a a (1987, Hawaiian )7n7V7Zq+gT9ZCgq Excavations, Haun technological, hE>M]S\INA7S q ofLanai Lanai, .7Y7N q E. (q)7mZq %$#q0>h[=Ebq A A. PhD. Recovery Island VE$H,aJ6a #H$=a and quarry, ak T. 4q7ZCq Data M. A. adze 9CpEq District, Rosendahl, 3[eEYB7JUq2L H. Limited >G=W1,a#X#a 1*K_2Sa+%^&[JIa >G=W1,a#X#a Walker, Weisler, Lahaina #H,a 29-50. Kapohaku and $;$?H#aA\)Ya Paul -:`\K;q 17lSq)q % " 32. ! 6E,eREd q/q %%q 'q 31. 57SQDbqÿcrater o ÿpassing "ÿWest of .26. ę /S 48*ę'ęę$>ę30' W true - %1275 ęÖęfeet Qęalong 0?#,ęęęKealiakapu to a Xę$#ę 5ę7ę!1_point marked by two TrL ÿschool ÿÿÿhouse to a oÿÿ ²¼ÿ,point on terrace marked Mÿ) ÿwith d,:ÿMamane çZpost. SLpits. 6. !ÿzÿÿ ÿN 44* 00' E Bÿtrue (*ÿÿ3935 feet ÿalong ÿ ÿKalulu across à ÿterrace ÿèÿÿand to a r+ÿred wood %827. ę ęS 32* 55' CęęĎę9 W true 3125 ę(feet+ęalongo ę0é mÁ ęKealiakapu ęöGęto rock markedUę<+ęęwith a $8cross. ÿÿ) ÿ ÿÿÿpost on the top of a 5%Õÿhill ÿ9ÿ8Ù1called Puu Alii. /828. ęS ª18'Mę99Kęę 11' W Č,ętrue 9.%ęÒę1637 feet ę0Valong KealiakapuĂGęñęGę$Uę+)úęto rock marked thus - sęin a 7.& !ÿ TÿN 52* 7'ÿ ÿïÿ( (ÿÿE true 9290 feet · ÿalong ÿ ÿ ÿgÿeqÿC3-Kalulu across Maunalei and Kalulu valleys ÊI2ęę#clump of rocks. ÿto ÿ ÿÿa red wood ÿÿpost on @ÿ+ ÿÿ k>ÿ Ô [ÿ0m4_East edge of latter gulch. Thence: :829. ę ´[ęS 25' ''ęę Ię00' W true /'ę+ę2280 feet &V Qęalong 0A<# ę+ęęKealiakapu to a Uę6eæęrock marked 71węęwith a f$cross #E8. !ÿ üÿÿ ÿ)7ÿN 20° 1* E true ( ]Iÿÿ¥ ÿ9729.5 feet Along %R%ÿúÿ) ÿ ÿKalulu down the East ÿÿedge of ´ qKalulu ę ę¸26 6 ęÓęęíat the Commencement of a small&VęhêR gulch. C -ÿÿÿvalley to a Óÿÿ ÿÆÿrock on edge of ö -ÿ63 Ñÿxéÿÿ Fvalley marked with a cross. '`30. !) ęThence "7sęćędown the ęę1Ëęhëę ębottom of said gulch and èęlarge ,ÛęXgulch (thatę)ęÏreaches the ('9. !ÿ Uÿÿ ÿOÿ*#N 36* 4' E true 5878.5 #*ÿÿ ÿKÿÿÿfeet along Kalulu to a ÿred ÿ ÿÿwood post on ÿsea nrFshore. ęsea ę ę»near the Heiau)<,ęęę ęto a point 6m"ę 5ęęę ęmarked by a cross on Fęthe *DLę "ęę4ÝS.E. side of the JË`Thence: Ēęęę "ę ę ęâę ęgulch at a bend in it which point $ęØqębears from lastę 1 ęępoint S %ę27' Zę23' Węztrue 10. $SÿUÿ44* 7'.ÿ"ÿW Bÿtrue I \ÿÿ ÿ G5581 feet along shore. ..ę(_3663 feet. '11. $ÿ#{ÿª.ÿ"ÿS 48° 1' W Bÿ ÿtrue 1510 ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ ÿÿ &ÿfeet along shore to a red wood post. 0 ¢Thence: -^31. ! ęYę ęThence down the ++ęęę>Wę 1 ęębottom of the gulch passing to ęELaęęthe N.W. of ęAęS ęa well in the 12. $ÿS 37° |ÿ(.ÿ"ÿ9' W ìÿtrue #\ÿ10808 ÿfeet ÿ/%ÿ ÿalong Palawai up + ÿÿÿ ÿridge to a red ÿwood ÿpost on }ę\R Nęgulch (which pę ęę¼& &#]ęęęwell belongs to Kealiakapu) to a &ęlarge #ęrock 3&@Fę ęmarked with a A ÿthe ÿÿÿtop of a +ÿÎ 1red hill. g=uęcross "ęand Ô÷ò6ę ęęfrom thence to ęthe ę ęę ; ę ę ęsea at a point on the ęę4shore at theÞę6 Aęmiddle of '13. $ÿ#Vÿ Dÿ"ÿíÿ S 48° 12' W true 6071 ÿÿ feet along ÿ/÷ÿ ÿPalawai up 7 ÿÿridge and ¿ÿÿNØacross a small ęHÇ=bęi Nęthe harbor; which å ępoint $ębears Ù3ę4ęfrom the #ę ęBęrock on the TęóÕęside of ęNęthe gulch at pÊÿÿR ÿgulch and up :@ j ÿanother 7 ÿAÿÿ ÿÿ Hÿ0 4aridge to a red wood post. Thence: ę Ìęęęthe bend S 33* 57'%ęęčę-¯ę(8W true 1343 feet. G14. $ÿVÿÿ"ÿS 30° 33' W Bÿtrue ÿ1564 ÿ3 Éÿ/ øfeet along Palawai³ÿ ÿÿup a ? ÿ) ÿ%ÿ ÿpath that follows up ridge ¡32. ÀîfęôAnĔ ęThence following ęęthe sea ę ę +ęę¹2qshore to point of Commencement.Pr Ć¥ę!)ęyēP$The traverse ÿÿ ÿto a red ÿ Gÿwood post. 0 ^Thence: & ęalong Bęøęthe shore 1ïęęoW¶being as follows: Z15. ¯ÿÿS 1*þÿ.ÿ"ÿOÿ30' W true *ÿÿK ÿ4425 feet along 93 KÿÁPalawai acrossÿA ÿthe ÿCfÖ-ÿlÿ/%µlarge valley of Palawai -¦1. EęN 56*7'.[ę%Cęęďę«W true 150 'ę(§feet. uÿÍ ÿ Ðÿÿ ÿc :+'ÿ0 _to highest point of the Island. Thence: *2. Eę %N 27*Ęęµ ęęĊ,ę /%ę(¢54' W true 4387 feet. H16. !ÿ#Yÿ ÿ"ÿN 38° 35' W ëQÿtrue ÿ3565 ÿ ÿ9ùÿWÿ¸ÿfeet along Paawili & Kealia 8Aupuni.óãÞ[ *3. EęN :39*~ꬰKęę4,ę ę(£14' W true 4234 feet. 17. E !ÿN 72" Yÿÿ"ÿOÿ *ÿÿ00' W true 1025 feet ÿalong eL< 'ÿKealiakapu. 0 iaThence: #&18. $ÿ }ÿ.ÿ"ÿðÿ ÿS 32" 10' W true 1660 ÿf ÿ3׶ Qÿàûÿ7+ ÿuÿÿfeet along Kealiakapu down ridge to a ÿ6äÒpoint marked 30Pagc119. ;-ÿby ñáÿJå5g ÿ ÿtwo Triangular pits andÿ;A)ÿÿ@ ÿ ÿÿÿ % Fbottle at the edge of a gulch.