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911~ 11 Ll~ !111!1~Lj~ Il Il ;- Il titolo del libro si richiama allogos intorno alla Sardegna n >- > o r , O C che Pausania (x, 17, 20) inserisce nella sua descrizione dei doni ] "'"t 'J ;:ù ~. O votivi di Delfi, a proposito di una statua di Sardos. Tale logos M ~ . E-: rappresenta, com'è noto, la più compiuta sistematizzazione ;::;. :::l o' ~ t'l1 AorOL I1EPI TID: LAP~OYL dei vari filoni dei miti classici relativi alla Sardegna, sui quali si .,~ S' "i:l O è esercitata l'acribia degli studiosi: dalla fondamentale ricerca CT ::J -;0-.3 o. ~ . O di Ettore Pais nella memoria lincea La Sardegna prima .., Le fonti classiche e la Sardegna t'-l ~ ~ C M del dominio romano (del 1881) al recente volume di Ignazio ;:;. () () ~ ;:ù Didu sul tema. Introduttivo a questo volume - che raccoglie ~ ~ gli atti del Convegno di Lanusei, del 29 dicembre 1998, su ~ O --S ~ "Le fonti classiche e la Sardegna" organizzato dal Dipartimento dQ M :r di Storia dell'Università di Sassari e dal Liceo classico Mameli ~. on di Lanusei - è il saggio di Attilio Mastino I miti classici e l'isola f felice a proposito dei diversi filoni tramandati dagli autori .,~ dell' antichità sulla mitografia della Sardegna. Seguono n i contributi di Emilio Galvagno, Paolo Bernardini, Paola r ~ Ruggeri, Annarita Agus, Raimondo Zucca, Giampiero Pianu, ~ Silvia Sanna, Gian Franco Chiai, Giovanni Pitzalis, Carla Perra, ;:l oq~ Massimo Pittau e Simonetta Castia che spaziano dall' analisi ;r ?: delle fonti di Diodoro sui miti greci e la Sardegna, al rapporto o- "ro ::l tra fonti mitiche e fonti archeologiche, al mito di Talos, ~ all'onomastica dei Tespiadi, al mito delfico dell"' altro Herakles", e-: $: ad Aristeo in Sardegna, ai Daidaleia e alle tholoi, al valore .," dQ delle fonti su Fenici e Cartaginesi in Sardegna in rapporto 0;' ~ 8 all' archeologia, alla geografia storica, alla didattica del mito greco e-: nell'isola. ;> ~:; . S Raimondo Zucca, già ispettore archeologo della Soprintendenza Archeologica di Cagliari, è professore di Storia e Archeologia del Mediterraneo antico nell'Università di Sassari e curatore A cura di Raimondo Zucca dell'Antiquarium Arborense di Oristano. Nelle nostre edizioni ha pubblicato Insulae Baliares, 1998; Insulae Sardiniae et Corsicae, 2003; I sigilli bizantini della Lapol1via (con P. G. Spanu), 2004; Sufetes Africae et Sardiniae, 2004. ISBN 88-430-3228-3 11 Il 91 1 ~ ll ~ !1 11!1~lj~ Il ~II Caro cci Collana del Dipartimento di Storia dell’Università degli Studi di Sassari Nuova serie diretta da Mario Da Passano, Attilio Mastino, Antonello Mattone, Giuseppe Meloni Pubblicazioni del Centro di Studi Interdisciplinari sulle Province Romane dell’Università degli Studi di Sassari I lettori che desiderano informazioni sui volumi pubblicati dalla casa editrice possono rivolgersi direttamente a: Carocci editore via Sardegna , Roma, telefono / , fax / Visitateci sul nostro sito Internet: http://www.carocci.it LOGOS PERI THS SARDOUS Le fonti classiche e la Sardegna Atti del Convegno di Studi - Lanusei dicembre A cura di Raimondo Zucca Carocci editore Volume pubblicato con il patrocinio della Provincia di Oristano e con il contributo Fondi MIUR a edizione, dicembre © copyright by Carocci editore S.p.A., Roma Realizzazione editoriale: Omnibook, Bari Finito di stampare nel dicembre dalla Litografia Varo (Pisa) ISBN --- Riproduzione vietata ai sensi di legge (art. della legge aprile , n. ) Senza regolare autorizzazione, è vietato riprodurre questo volume anche parzialmente e con qualsiasi mezzo, compresa la fotocopia, anche per uso interno o didattico. Introduzione di Raimondo Zucca tòn mèn dè perì thv` Sardouv` lógon \peishgagómeya \v t|n Fokída suggraf}n, –ti o[x ≥kista kaì \v taúthn o¥ %Ellhnev t|n nhson` ˙nhkóvv ei®xon. Così Pausania (X, , ) concludeva il suo lógov perì thv` Sardouv` assunto a ti- tolo degli atti di questo convegno promosso dal Dipartimento di Storia dell’U- niversità di Sassari e dal Liceo-ginnasio “Cristoforo Mameli” di Lanusei e svol- tosi in Lanusei il dicembre . Il lógov pausianeo rappresenta, com’è noto, la più compiuta sistematizza- zione dei vari filoni dei miti classici relativi alla Sardegna, sui quali si è esercita- ta l’acribia degli studiosi, dalla fondamentale ricerca di Ettore Pais nella memo- ria lincea La Sardegna prima del dominio romano del , alla disamina delle fon- ti su Iolao e gli Iolei in Sardegna, negli “Studi Sardi” del , di Piero Meloni, al contributo di Sandro Filippo Bondì in Saggi Fenici del , all’esaustivo pro- filo di Attilio Mastino nel volume miscellaneo Nur del , all’analisi storico-ar- cheologica di Francesco Nicosia in Ichnussa (), all’innovativo studio di Lui- sa Breglia Pulci Doria nei “Cahiers Jean Bérard” del , fino ai lavori recenti e recentissimi su singoli aspetti dei miti greci sulla Sardegna di Giulio Paulis, Ser- gio Ribichini e, in particolare, al volume sui miti classici di Ignazio Didu . A fronte di questo panorama bibliografico, incentrato su un numero forza- tamente ristretto di fonti, potrebbe suscitare perplessità un convegno sulle Fon- ti classiche e la Sardegna che ha corrisposto alla presentazione di una mostra fo- tografica e multimediale negli stessi locali del Liceo-ginnasio “Mameli”. In realtà, il filone di studi sui miti greci è ben lungi dall’essere esaurito e an- cora l’“isola dalle vene d’argento”, la Sardegna, secondo l’ardita definizione del- lo scoliasta al Timeo platonico b, si mostra feconda di ricerche che, attraverso sondaggi in profondità o l’inquadramento dei frammenti mitologici nella corni- ce globale dei miti relativi agli eroi e alle divinità protagonisti degli episodi sar- di, rivelano aspetti sempre innovativi dello stesso mito. Introduttivo a questi atti è il saggio di Attilio Mastino sulle Fonti classiche relative ai miti greci sulla Sardegna, in cui si riprende con aggiornamenti il so- praricordato e ancora fondamentale studio sui diversi filoni tramandati dagli au- tori classici sulla mitografia della Sardegna. . I. DIDU, I Greci e la Sardegna. Il mito e la storia, Cagliari . RAIMONDO ZUCCA L’analisi esaustiva su una delle più ricche fonti mitografiche sulla Sardegna, la Biblioteca storica di Diodoro Siculo, è condotta con rigoroso metodo e felice intuito da Emilio Galvagno, che insiste sulla mitica ellenizzazione della Sarde- gna, connessa alla saga di Herakles e dei sui figli e compagni in Occidente, in chiave anticartaginese, come portato della fonte timaica in Diodoro. Paolo Bernardini tratta degli eroi di Sardò attraverso un severo contrap- punto tra i personaggi eroici del mito e la ricchissima nuova serie di dati ar- cheologici afferenti al problema dei rapporti tra i Greci e la Sardegna, riletti in una chiave innovativa al di là della sterile quaestio dell’identificazione di “spazi” ellenici distinti dagli “spazi” fenici. Gli altri contributi raccolti in questi atti hanno, invece, proposto dei son- daggi su singoli personaggi del mito, riletti attraverso un uso rigoroso degli stru- menti della filologia e dell’archeologia, nella consapevolezza dei ricchissimi qua- dri stratigrafici celati nelle tarde narrazioni del mito. Così Paola Ruggeri inquadra brillantemente la storia di Talos, l’automa bronzeo creato da un demiurgo divino (Efesto) o eroico (Dedalo) e impegnato in una diuturna lotta contro i Sardi assalitori dell’isola di Creta, nell’ambito va- sto delle relazioni tra le isole di Creta e di Sardegna tra il Bronzo recente (sardo) e la prima Età del ferro. I Tespiadi, protagonisti della più importante colonizzazione mitica della Sar- degna, sono analizzati da Annarita Agus nelle tradizioni relative alla loro di- scendenza da Herakles e dalle figlie del re di Tespie, anche alla luce del metico- loso esame incrociato dei loro nomi e del nome delle rispettive madri, che rive- la un nucleo primigenio di matrice beoto-euboica, già intuito a proposito della Tespiade Euboia dalla Breglia Pulci Doria, accanto a tradizioni onomastiche più tardive anche di matrice ateniese. Lo scrivente ha trattato il problema di Makeris, padre di Sardos, ricondu- cendolo al filone dell’“altro Herakles”, libico o egiziano, che si intreccia a pro- posito del mito dei Tespiadi con l’Herakles tebano. Giampiero Pianu e Silvia Sanna offrono una rilettura del mito di Aristeo in Sardegna, basata su una esaustiva analisi filologica delle fonti letterarie e icono- grafiche sull’Aristeo arcaico, tendendo a escludere che in seno alle comunità sar- de della prima Età del ferro potesse essere precocissimamente penetrato il mito di Aristeo come ammesso, invece, da Francesco Nicosia sulla base di un’inter- pretazione di un bronzo figurato nuragico rappresentante un personaggio che recherebbe tre recipienti che dovevano contenere il miele, il latte e l’olio, i beni di cui Aristeo era il pròtos heuretès. Su Dedalo si soffermano i saggi di Gian Franco Chiai e di Giovanni Pitzalis. Il primo analizza con grande acribia il valore storico della tradizione dei Daidà- leia in Sardegna, individuando con limpida consequenzialità un livello di strati- grafia mitica nel quale Dedalo, connesso alle strutture nuragiche, può rappre- sentare «la memoria mitica di contatti micenei di epoca protostorica». Giovanni Pitzalis intuisce un rapporto tra Dedalo e la bipenne, ben rappresentata nei livelli protostorici della Sardegna nuragica e intesa come strumento-simbolo per la la- vorazione della pietra ad opera di artifices sardi che sarebbero gli eredi di modelli e di tecnologie d’imprestito delle culture del Mediterraneo orientale. INTRODUZIONE A fasi pienamente storiche documentate dalle fonti classiche
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