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The Russian Empire • Describe the Kievan State LESSON PLAN 2 Basilica San Marco, Archangel Michael, 14th-century OBJECTIVES Venice, Italy Russian Byzantine icon • Summarize the Slavic, Greek, and Viking roots of Russia and Russian culture. The Russian Empire • Describe the Kievan state. • Explain how the Mongols conquered MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES and ruled Russia. • Describe Russia’s rise to independence. EMPIRE BUILDING Russia grew Early Russia was separated from • Slavs • Alexander out of a blending of Slavic and the West, leading to a difference • Vladimir Nevsky Byzantine cultures and adopted in culture that still exists today. • Yaroslav the • Ivan III Eastern Orthodox traditions. Wise • czar FOCUS & MOTIVATE Ask students what they know about Russia. (Possible Answers: Superpower, SETTING THE STAGE In addition to sending its missionaries to the land of the Slavs during the ninth century, Byzantium actively traded with its neighbors to communist government until recently) the north. Because of this increased interaction, the Slavs began absorbing many Greek Byzantine ways. It was this blending of Slavic and Greek traditions that INSTRUCT eventually produced Russian culture. Russia’s Birth Russia’s Birth TAKING NOTES Recognizing Effects Use Critical Thinking Russia’s first unified territory originated west of the Ural Mountains in the a chart to show how region that runs from the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea. Hilly grasslands are found Mongol rule affected • Why would the Slavs ask Rurik to be in the extreme south of that area. The north, however, is densely forested, flat, different parts of their king? (Possible Answer: The Slavs Russian society. and swampy. Slow-moving, interconnecting rivers allow boat travel across these needed political unity; Rurik was a plains in almost any direction. Three great rivers, the Dnieper (NEE•puhr), the powerful enough leader to unite them.) Don, and the Volga, run from the heart of the forests to the Black Sea or the Nobles Church • How did Kiev’s location on the Dnieper Caspian Sea. (See the map on page 308.) In the early days of the Byzantine Empire, these forests were inhabited by River help establish Christianity among tribes of Slavic farmers and traders. They spoke similar languages but had no Moscow the Slavs? (The Dnieper gave access to People Princes political unity. Sometime in the 800s, small bands of adventurers came down Constantinople with its Byzantine among them from the north. These Varangians, or Rus as they were also called, Christianity.) were most likely Vikings. (The name “Russia” is taken from this group.) In-Depth Resources: Unit 3 Eventually, these Vikings built forts along the rivers and settled among the Slavs. • Guided Reading, p. 23 (also in Spanish) Slavs and Vikings Russian legends say the Slavs invited the Viking chief Rurik • Geography Application: Growth of Early to be their king. So in 862, he founded Novgorod (NAHV•guh•rahd), Russia’s Russia, p. 27 first important city. That account is given in The Primary Chronicle, a history of • Primary Source: from Primary Chronicle, Russia written by monks in the early 1100s. Around 880, a nobleman from p. 31 Novgorod named Oleg moved south to Kiev (KEE•ehf), a city on the Dnieper River. From Kiev, the Vikings could sail by river and sea to Constantinople. There they could trade for products from distant lands. Kiev grew into a principality, a small state ruled by a prince. As it did, the TEST-TAKING RESOURCES Viking nobles intermarried with their Slavic subjects and adopted many aspects Test Generator CD-ROM of Slavic culture. Gradually, the line between Slavs and Vikings vanished. Kiev Becomes Orthodox In 957, a member of the Kievan nobility, Princess Strategies for Test Preparation Olga, paid a visit to Constantinople and publicly converted to Christianity. From Test Practice Transparencies, TT39 945 to 964, she governed Kiev until her son was old enough to rule. Her son Online Test Practice Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact 307 SECTION 2 PROGRAM RESOURCES ALL STUDENTS • Skillbuilder Practice, p. 81 GIFTED AND TALENTED STUDENTS In-Depth Resources: Unit 3 Reading Study Guide (Spanish), p. 101 In-Depth Resources: Unit 3 • Guided Reading, p. 23 Reading Study Guide Audio CD (Spanish) • Primary Source: from Primary Chronicle, p. 31 • Skillbuilder Practice: Formulating Historical Electronic Library of Primary Sources Questions, p. 26 STRUGGLING READERS • “The Court of the Great Khan” • Geography Application: Growth of Early Russia, In-Depth Resources: Unit 3 p. 27 • Guided Reading, p. 23 • History Makers: Ivan III, p. 37 • Building Vocabulary, p. 25 Formal Assessment • Reteaching Activity, p. 40 eEdition CD-ROM • Section Quiz, p. 169 Reading Study Guide, p. 101 Power Presentations CD-ROM Reading Study Guide Audio CD Electronic Library of Primary Sources ENGLISH LEARNERS • “The Court of the Great Khan” In-Depth Resources in Spanish classzone.com • Guided Reading, p. 79 Teacher’s Edition 307 CHAPTER 11 • Section 2 The Viking Invasions of resisted Christianity. However, soon Eastern Europe, 820-941 after Olga’s grandson Vladimir (VLAD• 24° 32° uh•meer) came to the throne about 980, 40° 48° 56° E E 8° E E E E E 16° he considered conversion to Christianity. The Primary Chronicle reports that History from Visuals Vladimir sent out teams to observe the Norwegians lga R. major religions of the times. Three of Vo Interpreting the Map a 58°N e Novgorod the teams returned with lukewarm S c W Ask students, What is the approximate Swedes i . accounts of Islam, Judaism, and West- t Dv l ina a R. latitude of Kiev? (about 52°N) Then have Danes B ern Christianity. But the team from man KIEVAN Byzantium told quite a different story: them use the map of North America in Ne R . RUS D SAXONY V on the atlas to estimate the approximate E i O st R . lb ula . PRIMARY SOURCE e de R R r Kiev latitude of their own community and R . Dn The Greeks led us to the [buildings] where 50°N . ieper compare it with Kiev’s. R. they worship their God, and we knew not BAVARIA whether we were in heaven or on earth. Extension Using the world map in the Area of Viking control For on earth there is no such splendor or atlas, have students compare the sea Viking invasions such beauty, and we are at a loss how to describe it. We only know that God dwells route and river route from Scandinavia to Black Sea A D there among men, and . we cannot d an R. Constantinople. Discuss with them the ri ube A. Answer at forget that beauty. 42°N ic Se Uniformity in reli- pros and cons of each route. Rome a Constantinople from The Primary Chronicle B Y Z A gion might make N T I N Aegean E E M P I R E This report convinced Vladimir to people easier to SKILLBUILDER Answers Sea convert to Byzantine Christianity and to govern; one source of dissent would be 1. Human-Environment Interaction make all his subjects convert, too. In 0 500 Miles Cyprus eliminated. Vladimir Russian rivers Crete 989, a baptism of all the citizens of Kiev 0 1,000 Kilometers may have wanted 2. Human-Environment Interaction 34°N was held in the Dnieper River. Kiev, to extend his power Possible Answer: South. The climate GEOGRAPHY SKILLBUILDER: Interpreting Maps already linked to Byzantium by trade, over even his sub- 1. Human-Environment Interaction Which geographical feature now looked to the empire for religious jects’ deepest farther south was less harsh than in of Russia did Vikings use to further their invasions? beliefs. Scandinavia. Because of the better cli- 2. Human-Environment Interaction Besides east, what was the guidance. Vladimir imported teachers to instruct the people in the new faith. All mate, there would be rich farms, cattle, other basic direction taken by Vikings in their Eastern European invasions? Why do you think they chose to invade in the beliefs and traditions of Orthodox Analyzing Motives and food to plunder. that direction? Christianity flourished in Kiev. Vladimir Why might Vladimir think it appreciated the Byzantine idea of the important that all emperor as supreme ruler of the Church. So the close link between Church and his subjects state took root in Russia as well. become Christian? Kiev’s Power and Decline Kiev’s Power and Decline Thanks to its Byzantine ties, Kiev grew from a cluster of crude wooden forts to the Critical Thinking glittering capital of a prosperous and educated people. The rise of Kiev marked the appearance of Russia’s first important unified territory. • What kind of standing did women have in Kievan society? Explain. (They had a Kievan Russia Vladimir led the way in establishing Kiev’s power. He expanded his state west into Poland and north almost to the Baltic Sea. He also fought off lower standing than men. Vladimir troublesome nomads from the steppes to the south. arranged marriages for his daughters In 1019, Vladimir’s son Yaroslav the Wise came to the throne and led Kiev to and sisters. Sons inherited the throne.) even greater glory. Like the rulers of Byzantium, Yaroslav skillfully married off his • Which problem that led to Kiev’s daughters and sisters to the kings and princes of Western Europe. Those marriages decline was the most severe? Why? helped him to forge important trading alliances. At the same time, he created a (Possible Answer: Division of the legal code tailored to Kiev’s commercial culture. Many of its rules dealt with realm among all the sons because crimes against property. Yaroslav also built the first library in Kiev. Under his rule, Christianity prospered. By the 12th century, Kiev was home to some 400 churches.
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