Adelina Patti Galt Als Eine Herausragende Opernsängerin Internationalen Ranges Des Italienischen Belcanto

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Adelina Patti Galt Als Eine Herausragende Opernsängerin Internationalen Ranges Des Italienischen Belcanto Patti, Adelina gendste Interpretin des Belcanto, und wenn sie auf der Bühne oder auf dem Podium erschien, löste ihre süße, glockenhelle, glänzend geschulte Stimme das Entzücken der Zuhörer aus. Dazu kam ihre hübsche, zarte Erschei- nung, ein lebhaftes Mienenspiel und feuriges Versenken in ihren Vortrag.“ Pester Lloyd, ”Morgenblatt”, 30. September 1919, 66. Jg., Nr. 183, S. 5. Profil Adelina Patti galt als eine herausragende Opernsängerin internationalen Ranges des italienischen Belcanto. Ne- ben ihrem Gesangsstil wurde auch ihre Schauspielkunst, die von Charme und großer Natürlichkeit geprägt war, ge- rühmt. Orte und Länder Adelina Patti wurde als Kind italienischer Eltern in Mad- rid geboren. Ihre Kindheit verbrachte sie in New York. Nach ihrem Konzertdebut 1851 in dieser Stadt unter- nahm die Sopranistin Konzerttourneen durch Nordame- rika, Kuba, die Karibik, Kanada und Mexiko. Nach ihrem großen Erfolg 1861 in London trat sie in der englischen Musikmetropole regelmäßig über 40 Jahre auf. Auch auf der Pariser Opernbühne war die Sängerin kontinuierlich präsent. Weiterhin unternahm die Künstlerin regelmäßig Tourneen durch ganz Europa und sang in Städten wie Wien, Berlin, Hamburg, Dresden, Wiesbaden, Amster- Adelina Patti, Hüftbild von Ch. Reutlinger dam, Brüssel, Florenz, Nizza, Rom, Neapel, Madrid, Liss- abon, Petersburg und Moskau. Mehrere Konzertreisen führten Adelina Patti wiederholt nach Nord -, Mittel- Adelina Patti und Südamerika. 1878 kaufte die Sängerin in Wales das Ehename: Adelina Adela Cederström Schloss „Craig-y-Nos“ wo sie die Zeit zwischen den Varianten: Adelina de Cuax, Adelina Nicolini, Adelina Tourneen verbrachte. Auf diesem Schloss veranstaltete Cederström, Adelina Patti-Nicolini, Adelina Adela Juana die Künstlerin regelmäßig Konzertabende. Maria Patti, Adelina Adela Juana Maria de Cuax, Adelina Adela Juana Maria Nicolini, Adelina Adela Juana Maria Biografie Cederström, Adelina Adela Juana Maria Patti-Nicolini Adelina Patti stammte aus einer Musikerfamilie. Beide Elternteile waren Sänger – der Vater Salvatore Patti († * 19. Februar 1843 in Madrid, 21. August 1869) ein italienischer Tenor und die Mutter † 27. September 1919 in Craig-y-Nos Castle, Wales Catarina Chiesa Barili († 6. September 1870) Sopranis- tin. Adelina Patti wuchs in New York auf, da ihr Vater als Sopranistin, Opern-, Konzert-und Oratoriensängerin, Manager der dortigen italienischen Oper tätig war. Ihre Konzertveranstalterin musikalische Ausbildung erhielt sie in erster Linie von ih- rer Mutter, ihrem Stiefbruder Ettore Barili und ihrem „Adelina Patti war wohl die bekannteste und gefeiertste Schwager Moritz Strakosch, der später auch ihr Manager Sängerin der verflossenen fünfzig Jahre und hat in Euro- wurde. Bereits im Alter von acht Jahren sang die Künstle- pa und Amerika Triumphe errungen, die vor ihr einer an- rin Opernarien in einem Konzert in New York. Hier er- deren kaum zuteil geworden sind. Sie war die hervorra- folgte auch acht Jahre später am 24. November 1859 ihr – 1 – Patti, Adelina Operndebut an der „Academy of Music“ als Lucia in Do- Der Bruder Carlo Patti (1842-1873) war Violinist und Di- nizettis Oper „Lucia di Lammermoor“. Der Erfolg war rigent, u.a. an den Opernhäusern in New Orleans, New enorm, und es folgte eine Tournee durch Nordamerika York und St. Louis. Er heiratete die Schauspielerin Effi und Kuba. Weitere Konzertreisen unternahm die Künstle- Germon. rin nach Kanada und Mexiko. Nach ihrem triumphalen Da der Vater ab 1847 das italienische Opernhaus in New Erfolg als „Amina“ in „La Sonnambula“ von Bellini in York managte, verlegte die Familie ihren Wohnsitz dort- London reiste sie in den 1860er Jahren mit der Opernt- hin. Die Mutter war weiterhin als Opernsängerin tätig, ruppe von Eugenio Merelli durch ganz Europa und trat und Adelina Patti hörte sie regelmäßig singen. So lag es in Wien, Berlin, Hamburg, Dresden, Wiesbaden, Amster- nicht fern, dass die Mutter ihre Tochter anfangs auch im dam, Brüssel, Florenz, Nizza, Rom, Neapel, Madrid, Liss- Gesang unterrichtete. Die weitere Ausbildung der Stim- abon, Petersburg und Moskau auf. me Adelina Pattis übernahm danach der Halbbruder Et- Bis 1885 wurde die Künstlerin für jede Saison an der tore Barili. Die Schwester Carlotta Patti erteilte der Sän- Royal Opera Convent Garden in London engagiert. Ihren gerin Klavierunterricht. Mit sieben Jahren verblüffte Ade- letzten öffentlichen Auftritt hatte sie hier im Jahr 1900. lina die Familie, als sie auf einem Küchentisch stehend Darüber hinaus sang Adelina Patti regelmäßig am Théât- fehlerfrei aus dem Gedächtnis die Arie „Casta Diva“ aus re Italien in Paris. Bellinis Oper „Norma“ sang. Schon in frühen Jahren Wiederholte Male reiste die Sängerin zu Opernaufführun- zeichnete sie sich durch ihre „klare Silberstimme, richti- gen nach Nord-, Mittel- und Südamerika. ges und jede Melodie schnell fassendes Gehör und eine Doch nicht nur als Opernsängerin wurde sie gefeiert, son- unwiderstehliche Neigung, selbst die Sprache melodisch dern auch als Konzert- und Oratoriensängern. So sang und gesangartig zu gestalten“ aus. („Niederrheinische sie des Öfteren bei den Handel-Festivals in Sydenham in Musik-Zeitung“ 7. Oktober 1865, 13. Jg., Nr. 40, S.316.) England und beim Birmingham Musical Festival. 1878 kaufte sie das Castle Craig-y-Nos in Wales. In die- Die Entdeckung ihres Talentes fiel in eine Periode finan- sem Schloss richtete die Künstlerin ein Privattheater ein, zieller Schwierigkeiten der Familie. Daher sorgte der Va- in dem sie auch selbst veranstalteten Konzerten regelmä- ter bald für öffentliche Auftritte seiner Tochter. So hatte ßig auftrat. sie am 22. November 1851 ihren ersten öffentlichen Auft- Es folgten in den Jahren 1905 und 1906 Plattenaufnah- ritt in der „Triple Hall“ in New York und „erregte allge- men, von denen noch heute einige erhalten sind. meines Erstaunen durch die Reinheit ihres Gesanges, die Die Künstlerin starb 1919 in ihrem Schloss in Wales. Biegsamkeit der Stimme und die wunderbare natürliche Leichtigkeit der Coloratur“. („Niederrheinische Musik- Mehr zu Biografie Zeitung“ 7. Oktober 1865, 13. Jg., Nr. 40, S.316.) Adele (Adelina) Juana Maria Patti wurde am 19. Februar 1843 während eines Gastspieles der Eltern in Madrid in Diesem Konzertdebut folgten über drei Jahre Tourneen der Fuencarral Straße 6 geboren. Sie war das jüngste von nach Nordamerika, Kuba, Mexiko und durch die Karibik mehreren musikalischen Kindern, die alle Musiker wur- gemeinsam mit Ole Bull. Die Tourneen organisierte ihr den. Der sizilianische Vater, Salvatore Patti (1800-1869), Schwager Maurice Strakosch. Während dieser lukrativen war Tenor, die Mutter, Caterina Chiesa Barili-Patti, gebo- Konzertreisen sang Adelina Patti u.a. Bravourarien wie ren in Rom (?–1870), Sopranistin. Sogar bis einen Tag „Una voce poco fa“ aus dem „Barbiere di Siviglia“ von vor der Geburt ihrer Tochter Adelina agierte sie noch auf Gioacchino Rossini, „Home Sweet Home“ komponiert der Bühne. von Henry Bishop und „Comin’ thro’ the Rye“, ein schot- tisches Lied mit einem Text von Robert Burns. Diese Lie- Die Schwester Carlotta Patti (1835-1889) spielte zu- der und Arien blieben ein Leben lang im Repertoire der nächst Klavier. Erst später entdeckte sie ihre Sopranstim- Sängerin. Ihre Einnahmen beliefen sich schon damals me. Aufgrund eines Leidens des Bewegungsapparates – auf 20 000 Dollar für über 300 Konzerten.1857, auf ih- sie hinkte – trat sie nur als Konzertsängerin auf. Die rer zweiten Tournee durch die Südstaaten der USA, reis- Schwester Amelia Patti (1831-1915), eine angesehene te Adelina Patti mit dem Pianisten Louis Moreau Gott- Mezzosopranistin, büßte ihre Stimme später ein. Sie war schalk. mit dem Impresario Maurice Strakosch, dem späteren Manager Adelinas, verheiratet. Die Zeiten zwischen den Konzertreisen nutzte die Sänge- – 2 – Patti, Adelina rin, um weitere Opernpartien einzustudieren, was ihr kern der ganzen Merelli’schen Unternehmung“, und der sehr leicht fiel, wie später berichtet wurde: „Sie besaß ei- Jubel glich quasi einer „Begeisterungsrevolte“. Gelobt ne fabelhafte Schnelligkeit und Auffassungsgabe, so dass wurde ihre ihr „einzig innewohnende Natürlichkeit, sie eine Partie in nur wenigen Tagen erlernen konnte. Be- Schelmerei [und] Grazie“. („Wiener Zeitung“. Abend- reits im Alter von siebzehn Jahren beherrschte sie das blatt, 9. März 1863, Nr. 55, S. 219) Repertoire von neunzehn großen Partien. („Niederrheini- sche Musik-Zeitung“ 7. Oktober 1865, 13. Jg., Nr. 40, In Paris engagierte der Manager Calzado die Sopranistin S.316.) am Théâtre Italien. In der Rolle der Amina begeisterte Daher verwundert es nicht, dass Adelina Patti bereits mit sie am 16. November 1862 die Zuschauer derart, dass sie 16 Jahren am 24. November 1859 in New York in der von nun an auch in der französischen Musikmetropole „Academy of Music“ in der Titelpartie der Oper „Lucia di ständiger Gast war. Lammermoor“ von Gaetano Donizetti auf der Bühne stand. Diese anspruchsvolle Partie stellt enorme Anforde- In der Rolle der „Amina“ debutierte die Künstlerin am rungen an die Koloraturfestigkeit der Stimme, die von 28. Februar 1863 auch in Wien. Aufgrund ihres großen der Sängerin bravourös gemeistert wurden. Erfolges wurde die Vorstellung am 2. März 1863 wieder- holt. Es folgten Auftritte in der Rolle der „Rosina“ in Einige Jahre später hielt der Kritiker der „Niederrheini- Gioacchino Rossinis „Il Barbiere di Siviglia”, in der sie schen Musik-Zeitung“ nach einer Aufführung in Köln die die „reizendste Rosine ist, die man sich denken kann; Rolle der Lucia für eine ihrer schönsten und bemerkte:
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