Monografia Comunei Aștileu”, 2003, Editura Tradiție, București, P

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Monografia Comunei Aștileu”, 2003, Editura Tradiție, București, P 1 2 CUPRINS Capitolul 1. Aspectele fizico-geografice .......................................................................... 5 1.1. Încadrare teritorială ............................................................................................................. 5 1.2. Atribute ale reliefului comunei ........................................................................................... 5 1.3. Caracteristicile climei ....................................................................................................... 12 1.4. Aspecte hidrografice ......................................................................................................... 14 1.5. Caracteristicile biopedologice ........................................................................................... 18 Capitolul 2. Aspectele istorice și economice .................................................................. 21 2.1. Date istorice ale comunei Aștileu ...................................................................................... 21 2.2. Agricultura ........................................................................................................................ 24 2.3. Activitățile industriale ....................................................................................................... 29 2.3.1. SC Helios SA Aștileu ..................................................................................................... 29 2.3.2. Holcim SA Chistag ......................................................................................................... 31 2.3.3. Capitalist Prodcom SRL Aștileu ..................................................................................... 34 2.3.4. Noul Woodest SRL Chistag ........................................................................................... 36 2.3.5. SHI Electro Confex SRL Chistag ................................................................................... 37 2.3.6. Ruinele fostei exploatații de bauxită de la Cornet .......................................................... 38 2.4. Serviciile ........................................................................................................................... 40 2.4.1. Serviciile administrative din comuna Aștileu ................................................................. 40 2.4.2. Serviciile agenților economici privați localizați în comuna Aștileu ............................... 44 Capitolul 3. Aspectele demografice și turistice .............................................................. 55 3.1. Istoricul populării comunei Aștileu ................................................................................... 55 3.2. Evoluția numerică a populației .......................................................................................... 58 3.2.1. Evoluția numerică a populației comunei între anii 1930 - 2000 ..................................... 58 3.2.2. Evoluția numerică a populației între anii 2000 - 2015 .................................................... 59 3.3. Mișcarea naturală a populației ........................................................................................... 60 3.4. Mișcarea migratorie a populației ....................................................................................... 62 3 3.5. Structurile demografice ..................................................................................................... 63 3.5.1. Structura pe sexe a populației ......................................................................................... 63 3.5.2. Structura demografică pe grupe de vârstă ....................................................................... 64 3.5.3. Structura etnică (națională) a populației comunei Aștileu .............................................. 66 3.5.4. Structura confesională (religioasă) a populației comunei Aștileu .................................. 67 3.6. Turismul ............................................................................................................................ 70 3.6.1. Obiectivele turistice naturale .......................................................................................... 70 3.6.2. Obiective turistice antropice din comună ....................................................................... 77 3.6.3. Unitățile de cazare și de petrecere a timpului liber ......................................................... 84 3.6.4. Cea mai vârstnică persoană din comuna Aștileu ............................................................ 93 3.6.5. Categoria tinerelor talente aferente comunei Aștileu ...................................................... 96 3.6.6. Campionii comunei Aștileu .......................................................................................... 104 3.6.7. Turismul cultural din comuna Aștileu .......................................................................... 125 3.6.8. Ciuraru din Aștileu ....................................................................................................... 136 3.6.9. Cătălina Bogdan ........................................................................................................... 139 Anexa 1. Bisericile evanghelice ............................................................................................. 143 Anexa 2. Cămin cultural Călățea ............................................................................................ 144 Anexa 3. Cămin cultural Chistag ............................................................................................ 145 Anexa 4. Cămin Chistag + Peisaje .......................................................................................... 146 Anexa 5. After School Aștileu ................................................................................................ 147 Anexa 6. Școlile gimnaziale ................................................................................................... 148 Anexa 7. Construcții și utilități ............................................................................................... 149 Bibliografie ................................................................................................................. 150 4 1. Aspectele fizico-geografice 1.1. Încadrare teritoriala 1 Comuna Aștileu este așezată la sud de Crișul Repede, în partea de nord-est a județului Bihor, pe drumul județean 108I Tileagd (DN1) – Bucea (DN1, județul Cluj). Aceasta se află pe calea ferată Oradea – Cluj-Napoca – București, la distanța de 42 km de Oradea și-n 115 km de Cluj-Napoca. Cel mai apropiat oraș e Aleșd, la 3,5 km distanță nord, de care este legat prin DJ 764 Aleșd (DN1) – Beiuș (DN76). Coordonatele geografice ale centrului de comună sunt : 470 01’ lat. N, respectiv 220 24’ long. E. Comuna se găsește la contactul dintre platoul calcaros Pădurea Craiului și depresiunea tectonică de tip golf Vad-Borod. Este constituită din patru localități (sate) : Aștileu (reședința administrativă), Chistag (așezat de-a lungul Crișului Repede, la 3 km de centrul de comună), Peștere (la poalele munților Pădurea Craiului, la 0,5 km de centrul administrativ) și Călățea (așezată-n înălțimile Pădurii Craiului, la 8 km de centrul administrativ). Comuna Aștileu se învecinează cu următoarele unități administrativ-teritoriale : la est cu comuna Măgești, în sud-est cu comuna Vadu Crișului, în sud-vest cu comuna Dobrești, în V cu comunele Vârciorog și Țețchea și în N cu comuna Lugașu de Joș și orașul Aleșd. Fig. 1. Așezarea comunei în perimetrul județului Bihor (a) și vecinii săi (b) 1.2. Atribute ale reliefului comunei 2 Teritoriul comunei Aștileu se află la contactul dintre platoul calcaros Pădurea Craiului și depresiunea tectonică de tip golf Vad – Borod. 1. Valea Pintea 2. Satul Peștere 1 Todoca Ioan, ,,Monografia comunei Aștileu”, 2003, Editura Tradiție, București, p. 4 2 Strategia de Dezvoltare Rurală Durabilă a comunei Aștileu 2014 – 2020, p. 21 - 26 5 Figura 2. Harta generala a comunei Astileu Harta realizata de Chertes Razvan 6 Relieful fluviatil e bine reprezentat prin valea Crișului Repede. Lunca Crișului Repede este largă, fiind alcătuită din pietrișuri și nisipuri fluviatile. Aceasta prezintă o ușoară creștere dinspre râu spre cei 2 versanți. Malurile albiei minore sunt inegale. Cel drept este abrupt, din cauza permanentei deplasări a albiei spre nord, iar cel stâng e prelung. Asimetria văii Crișului Repede ne dovedește că râul s-a deplasat spre nord, lăsând în urmă terasele. Relieful luncii are un șir de microforme : cursurile și meandrele părăsite, micile văiugi ale pârâurilor afluente etc. În bazinul Crișului Repede au fost semnalate cinci nivele de terase, pe stânga Crișului Repede, bine diferențiate. Terasa de luncă (T1) are porțiunea cea mai îngustă între Tinăud și Ortiteag, cât și lățimea cea mai extinsă între Oșorhei și Fughiu. Terasa a doua (T2) s-ar putea observa începând de la Ortiteag având maxima dezvoltare între Aștileu, Chistag și Țețchea. Pe această terasă este situată calea ferată Oradea – Cluj-Napoca și fabrica de ciment SC Holcim (România) SA Aleșd. Ca și altitudine absolută terasa prezintă la Aștileu 230 m. Fig. 3. Terasele Crișului Repede din cadrul comunei Aștileu Terasa a treia (T3), pe care este localizată o bună parte din satul Aștileu și fabrica de cărămizi refractare, plăci termoizolatoare și cărămizi de construcție SC Helios SA, este net mai 7 adânc fragmentată decât terasele anterioare. Altitudinea absolută este la Aștileu de 240 – 250 m. Terasa a patra (T4) se află la nivelul peșterilor. Aceasta face
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