Pride of Poland
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Table of Contents 4 24 hours in Gdańsk 6 An alternative 24 hours in Gdańsk 9 The history of Gdańsk 11 Solidarity 13 Culture 15 Festivals and the most important cultural events 21 Amber 24 Gdańsk cuisine 26 Family Gdańsk 28 Shopping 30 Gdańsk by bike 32 The Art Route 35 The High Route 37 The Solidarity Route 40 The Seaside Route (cycling route) 42 The History Route 47 Young People’s Route (cycling route) 49 The Nature Route 24 hours in Gdańsk 900 Go sunbathing in Brzeźno There aren’t many cities in the world that can proudly boast such beautiful sandy beaches as Gdańsk. It’s worth coming here even if only for a while to bask in the sunlight and breathe in the precious iodine from the sea breeze. The beach is surrounded by many fish restaurants, with a long wooden pier stretching out into the sea. It is ideal for walking. 1200 Set your watch at the Lighthouse in Nowy Port The Time Sphere is lowered from the mast at the top of the historic brick lighthouse at 12:00, 14:00, 16:00 and 18:00 sharp. It used to serve ship masters to regulate their navigation instruments. Today it’s just a tourist attraction, but it’s well worth visiting; what is more, the open gallery at the top provides a splendid view of the mouth of the River Vistula and Westerplatte. 1300 Take a ride on the F5 water tram to Westerplatte and Wisłoujście Fortress Nowy Port and the environs of the old mouth of the Vistula at the Bay of Gdańsk have many attractions. -
Natural Analogues for Safety Cases of Repositories in Rock Salt, Salt
NEA/RWM/R(2013)10 Isotope monitoring of water appearances in salt mines: The Polish experience Marek Dulin ski1, Kazimierz Rozan ski1, Krzysztof Brudnik2, Piotr Kolonko3, Joanna Tadych4 1Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH Univ. of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland 2W ieliczka Salt Mine S.A., Wieliczka, Poland 3Klodawa Salt Mine S.A., Klodawa, Poland 4Inowroclaw Salt Mines Solino S.A., Inowroclaw, Poland Isotope analyses of water appearances in Polish salt mines started in the early 70s of the last century. Soon after it became clear that oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope composition of water creates a unique possibility of determ ination of the origin of waters in mines and has a crucial role in the risk assessment associated with water inflows. Chem ical composition of mine waters, although useful, cannot be used to distinguish between syngenetic (safe) and meteoric (potentially dangerous) water types occurring in mines. The work provides a brief overview of isotope investigations of water appearances in four Polish salt mines (Wapno, Inowroclaw and Klodawa Salt Mines located in north central Poland and Wieliczka Salt Mine located in southern Poland) performed over the past forty years. Introduction Polish salt deposits are situated in the north-central and southern part of Poland (Figure 1). They are represented either by salt domes or salt beds, usually covered by water bearing Tertiary and Quaternary formations, sometimes surrounded by older deposits. There are three groups of water which make their appearance in salt mines: i) meteoric waters of infiltration origin , recharged during both Quaternary and pre-Quaternary climates; ii) syngenetic waters; iii) technological waters and waters of unknown origin. -
General Index
General Index Italicized page numbers indicate figures and tables. Color plates are in- cussed; full listings of authors’ works as cited in this volume may be dicated as “pl.” Color plates 1– 40 are in part 1 and plates 41–80 are found in the bibliographical index. in part 2. Authors are listed only when their ideas or works are dis- Aa, Pieter van der (1659–1733), 1338 of military cartography, 971 934 –39; Genoa, 864 –65; Low Coun- Aa River, pl.61, 1523 of nautical charts, 1069, 1424 tries, 1257 Aachen, 1241 printing’s impact on, 607–8 of Dutch hamlets, 1264 Abate, Agostino, 857–58, 864 –65 role of sources in, 66 –67 ecclesiastical subdivisions in, 1090, 1091 Abbeys. See also Cartularies; Monasteries of Russian maps, 1873 of forests, 50 maps: property, 50–51; water system, 43 standards of, 7 German maps in context of, 1224, 1225 plans: juridical uses of, pl.61, 1523–24, studies of, 505–8, 1258 n.53 map consciousness in, 636, 661–62 1525; Wildmore Fen (in psalter), 43– 44 of surveys, 505–8, 708, 1435–36 maps in: cadastral (See Cadastral maps); Abbreviations, 1897, 1899 of town models, 489 central Italy, 909–15; characteristics of, Abreu, Lisuarte de, 1019 Acequia Imperial de Aragón, 507 874 –75, 880 –82; coloring of, 1499, Abruzzi River, 547, 570 Acerra, 951 1588; East-Central Europe, 1806, 1808; Absolutism, 831, 833, 835–36 Ackerman, James S., 427 n.2 England, 50 –51, 1595, 1599, 1603, See also Sovereigns and monarchs Aconcio, Jacopo (d. 1566), 1611 1615, 1629, 1720; France, 1497–1500, Abstraction Acosta, José de (1539–1600), 1235 1501; humanism linked to, 909–10; in- in bird’s-eye views, 688 Acquaviva, Andrea Matteo (d. -
A Synthetic Analysis of the Polish Solidarity Movement Stephen W
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 1-1-2011 A Synthetic Analysis of the Polish Solidarity Movement Stephen W. Mays [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Other Political Science Commons, and the Politics and Social Change Commons Recommended Citation Mays, Stephen W., "A Synthetic Analysis of the Polish Solidarity Movement" (2011). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. Paper 73. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS OF THE POLISH SOLIDARITY MOVEMENT A thesis submitted to the Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Sociology by Stephen W. Mays Approved by Dr. Richard Garnett, Committee Chairman Dr. Marty Laubach Dr. Brian Hoey Marshall University Huntington, West Virginia December 2011 Table Of Contents Page Acknowledgements ................................................................................ iii Abstract .................................................................................................. v Chapter I. Introduction ................................................................................... 1 II. Methodology .................................................................................. -
ESCOR TED T OURS in English POLISH and LITHUANIAN
2008 5 (2).eng 8/9/08 11:11 Page 14 POLISH AND LITHUANIAN SPLENDOURS 8 days Route: Krakow – Wieliczka – Krakow – Cz´stochowa – Warsaw – Kaunas – Vilnius Vilnius Warszawa Kraków reconstructed Old Town. The morning sightseeing tour includes the Royal Route and the Old Town with the Royal Castle, St. John’s Cathedral, the Old Town Market Square and the Barbican. In the afternoon, we offer an optional excursion to the Royal ¸azienki Park with the Palace on the Water. The evening offers an optional Polish dinner at Res- taurant “Podwale”. Day 6. Warsaw – Kaunas – Vilnius We continue through the well-forested North Poland along the eastern fringe of the Masurian Lakeland, a my- Vilnius – Ostra Brama riad of postglacial lakes representing some of the most Day 1. Krakow Day 3. Krakow – Wieliczka – Krakow beautiful natural sites in Poland, and continue into Lithua- Arrival in Krakow, optional transfer to Hotel Novotel Cen- The morning offers an optional excursion to the famous nia to reach Kaunas, a genuine Lithuanian city. We take trum Krakow**** or similar, check-in, welcome meeting. Wieliczka Salt Mine, an amazing labyrinth of tunnels a stroll in the Old Town with its elegant Old Town Hall and Day 2. Krakow going down as far as 327 meters. The afternoon is Gothic cathedral. Then, we continue eastwards and arrive For half a millennium, Krakow was the royal capital of reserved for exploring more of Krakow’s secrets individu- soon in Vilnius. Check-in at the hotel. Poland and for centuries the city walls have guarded its ally. The evening offer includes an optional dinner at Res- Day 7. -
Joint Meeting on Medicinal Chemistry—Kraków 2003
Conference Call Saidashev State Grand Concert Hall, which is one of Austria (5), Switzerland (5), and 18 other countries. the most beautiful cultural centers of Kazan. In addi- Participants were presented with the latest ideas con- tion to two plenary lectures, the results of the con- cerning drugs for the treatment of central nervous gress were summarized, and the final document On system and cardiovascular diseases, chemotherapeu- the Prospects for the Development of Chemistry, tics, combinatorial chemistry and high throughput Chemical Education, and International Cooperation screening, molecular modeling, peptides and pep- was approved. Dr. R. N. Minnikhanov, prime minister tidomimetics, and pharmaceutical biotechnology. In of the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan, addition, 226 posters were presented. addressed the meeting. Following is a list of plenary lectures presented: The next XVIII Mendeleev Congress on General and • “G-Proteins: Targets for New Drugs?”; Walter Applied Chemistry will be held in Moscow in 2007 and Schunack, Free University of Berlin, Germany will be devoted to a centenary of Mendeleev • “Can Drug Metabolism be Predicted?”; Bernard Congresses in Russia. Testa, Institute de Chimie Therapeutique, Universite de Lausanne, Switzerland Professor Oleg Nefedov <[email protected]> is head of the laboratory in the N. D. • “A Translational Approach to Preclinical Drug Zelinsk, Institute of Organic Chemistry in Moscow and the president of the XVII Development in Epilepsy”; James P. Stables, Mendeleev Congress. Professor Oleg Sinyashin <[email protected]> is director of Director of the National Institute of Neurological the A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry in Kazan and chief Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, USA secretary of the XVII Mendeleev Congress. -
'Wieliczka' Salt Mine (UNESCO)
Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015 Melbourne, Australia, 19-25 April 2015 A Concept of Making Use of Closed Underground Workings for Heat Recovery in Historical 'Wieliczka' Salt Mine (UNESCO) Andrzej Gonet1, Stanislaw Stryczek2, Aneta Sapinska-Sliwa3, Krzysztof Brudnik4, Tomasz Sliwa5 1) 2) 3) 5) Drilling, Oil&Gas Faculty, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland; 4) “Wieliczka” Salt Mine, Wieliczka, Poland 1) [email protected], 2) [email protected], 3) [email protected], 4) [email protected], 5) [email protected] Keywords: Salt mine, geoenergetics, closed loop, geothermal source heat pump, mining heat. ABSTRACT A concept of exploiting heat from old workings to be closed in the 'Wieliczka' Salt Mine is described in the paper. The monumental salt mine has been uninterruptedly operational since the 13th century. At present this is predominantly a museum of mining industry visited by over a million tourists from all over the world each year. The 'Wieliczka' Salt Mine has been put on the first UNESCO World Heritage List of 1978. The operations performed in the mine are related to maintaining historical workings, the Tourist Route and the extreme Miner's Route. Apart from this, an underground sanatorium was made for curing various diseases, mainly allergies. Part of over 200 km long workings and saline domes were liquidated to maintain the monumental part of the mine. Therefore a concept was proposed, according to which in part of the old workings, prior to the liquidation and backfilling, heat reception systems should be built. Thus obtained heat could be used by the underground sanatorium, e.g. -
Krakow HISTORY
Krakow HISTORY The first documented reference to Krakow can be found in records from 965 of the Cordova merchant Abraham ben Jacob. He mentions a rich burg city situated at the crossing of trade routes and surrounded by woods. In the 10th century Mieszko I incorporated Krakow into the Polish state. During the times of Boleslaw the Brave, the bishopric of Krakow was established (1000) and the construction of Wawel Cathedral began. In 1038, Casimir I the Restorer made Wawel Castle its seat, thus making Krakow the capital of Poland. The high duke Boleslav V the Chaste following the example of Wrocław, introduced city rights modelled on the Magdeburg law allowing for tax benefits and new trade privileges for the citizens in 1257. In the 15th century, Krakow became the center of lively cultural, artistic, and scientific development. Photo: A fragment of colourful woodcut depicting Krakow. Source: https://www.muzeumkrakowa.pl The 17th and 18th centuries were a period of a gradual decline of the city's importance. Due to the first partition of Poland in 1772, the southern part of Little Poland was seized by the Austrian army. On March 24, 1794 Kościuszko's Insurrection began in Krakow. Temporarily included into the Warsaw Duchy, it was given the status of a "free city" after Napoleon's downfall. After the defeat of the November Insurrection (1831), Krakow preserved its autonomy as the only intact part of Poland. In 1846, it was absorbed into the Austrian Monarchy again. After independence was regained in 1918, Krakow became a significant administrative and cultural center. -
Historic Salt Mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia Zabytkowe Kopalnie Soli W Wieliczce I Bochni
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by AGH (Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza) University of Science and Technology: Journals Geoturystyka 4 (18) 2008: 61-70 Historic salt mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia Zabytkowe kopalnie soli w Wieliczce i Bochni Janusz Wiewiórka1, Józef Charkot2, Krzysztof Dudek3 & Małgorzata Gonera4 1 Retired geologist of the Wieliczka and Bochnia Salt Mines, Park Kingi 5, 32-020 Wieliczka 2 Cracow Saltworks Museum Wieliczka, Zamkowa 8, 32-020 Wieliczka, e-mail: [email protected] 3 Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, e-mail: [email protected] 4 Nature Conservation Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, e-mail: [email protected] Kraków – Krakowskie Żupy Solne. W XVI wieku był to największy ośrodek produkcyjny w Polsce i jeden z największych w Europie. Wydobycie soli kamiennej zakończyło się w Bochni w 1990, a w Wieliczce Warszawa Wieliczka w 1996 roku. Obydwa złoża znajdują się w utworach sfałdowanego Bochnia miocenu (baden – M4) jednostki zgłobickiej Karpat zewnętrznych. Seria solonośna składa się z formacji skawińskiej, wielickiej Dobczyce (ewaporaty) i warstw chodenickich. Złoże solne Wieliczki zbu- dowane jest z górnego złoża bryłowego i dolnego pokładowego. Kraków Myślenice Złoże bryłowe zostało utworzone w wyniku podmorskich spływów w południowej części basenu ewaporacyjnego. Obydwie części zło- Abstract: Historic salt mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia are situ- ża zostały ostatecznie uformowane w wyniku ruchów nasuwczych ated by the old trade road from Kraków to the east, in the region Karpat. -
27Th International Conference “European Heritage”
European Investment Casters’ Federation in association with Polish Foundry Research Institute Polish Foundrymen’s Association 27th International Conference “European Heritage” Under the patronage of the Ministry of Economy and the President of the City of Kraków Kraków, Poland 16-19 May, 2010 Specodlew Foundry Market Square, Kraków Auditorium Maximum CONTENTS Contents Welcome 4 Conference Information 7 Jagiellonian University 9 Kraków 10 Conference Programme 12 Exhibitors and Stand Numbers 15 Exhibitor Profiles 17 Technical Sessions 23 Delegate Visits 36 EICF Information 41 3 WELCOME developments in technology; from these it is hoped that the Welcome Address delegates will identify and develop their future strategies. As is also a tradition, the Suppliers Exhibition will be complementing the information provided by the technical sessions; sharing with us their latest developments and solutions. Once again their willingness to show their products and share their advances in technology plays a fundamental role for the conference. Finally the conference concludes with industrial and academic visits of major relevance; the Foundry Research Institute, the WSK foundry facility and the Rzeszów University of Technology. These visits provide the ideal complement to the conference sessions to help us understand the practical routes adopted by scientific research and the 21st century approach to the manufacture of investment castings. Getting together provides an element of value, and that by cooperation and networking we will get to know each other and this will give a personal element of value that will enrich us as individuals. There will be many moments during the conference to develop this personal approach but without any doubt the Conference Banquet provides a unique occasion to develop personal relationships. -
Here to Expertly Guide You Through the New Normal in Travel
Our Experience At Exeter International we have been creating memories and crafting custom-designed journeys for 27 years. We are a team of specialists committed to providing the best travel experiences in our destinations. Each of our experts has either travelled extensively on reconnaissance trips, or has lived in their area of expertise, giving us unparalleled first-hand knowledge. Because we focus on specific parts of the globe, we return to the same destinations many times, honing our experience over the years. Knowledgeable Up-to-the-Minute Local Information We are best placed to give you advice about traveling to Europe and beyond; from logistics and new protocols in museums, hotels and restaurants in each country. We are here to expertly guide you through the new normal in travel. Original Custom Programs, Meticulously Planned Our experts speak your language both literally and culturally. Our advice and recommendations are impartial, honest, and always have the individual in mind. We save valuable time in pre-trip research and focus on developing experiences that enrich and enhance your experience. Once on your journey you will have complete peace of mind with our local 24-hour contact person who is on hand to coordinate any changes in your program or help you in the case of any emergency. Hand-Selected Guides We know that guides are one of the most important components of any travel experience. That is why we only use local experts who have a history of working with our guests and whom we know personally. We are extremely particular in selecting our guides and are confident that they will be one of the most memorable aspects of any of our trips. -
Late Poetry of Tadeusz Różewicz
Modes of Reading Texts, Objects, and Images: Late Poetry of Tadeusz Różewicz by Olga Ponichtera A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures University of Toronto © Copyright by Olga Ponichtera 2015 Modes of Reading Texts, Objects, and Images: Late Poetry of Tadeusz Różewicz Olga Ponichtera Doctor of Philosophy Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures University of Toronto 2015 Abstract This dissertation explores the late oeuvre of Tadeusz Różewicz (1921-2014), a world- renowned Polish poet, dramatist, and prose writer. It focuses primarily on three poetic and multi-genre volumes published after the political turn of 1989, namely: Mother Departs (Matka Odchodzi) (1999), professor’s knife (nożyk profesora) (2001), and Buy a Pig in a Poke: work in progress (Kup kota w worku: work in progress) (2008). The abovementioned works are chosen as exemplars of the writer’s authorial strategies / modes of reading praxis, prescribed by Różewicz for his ideal audience. These strategies simultaneously reveal the poet himself as a reader (of his own texts and the works of other authors). This study defines an author’s late style as a response to the cognitive and aesthetic evaluation of one’s life’s work, artistic legacy, and metaphysical angst of mortality. Różewicz’s late works are characterized by a tension between recognition and reconciliation to closure, and difficulty with it and/or opposition to it. Authorial construction of lyrical subjectivity as a reader, and modes of textual construction are the central questions under analysis. This study examines both, Tadeusz Różewicz as a reader, and the authorial strategies/ modes he creates to guide the reading praxis of the authorial audience.