Economics, Politics and Europe the Czech Centre-Right’S Solutions to the Political Challenges of 2020
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Economics, Politics and Europe The Czech Centre-Right’s Solutions to the Political Challenges of 2020 Ed. Lucie Tungul Printed by ©Jutty, Přerov, November 2019. This is a joint publication of the Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies, Konrad-Adenauer- Stiftung, and TOPAZ. This publication receives funding from the European Parliament. The Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, TOPAZ and the European Parliament assume no responsibility for facts or opinions expressed in this publication or any subsequent use of the information contained therein. Sole responsibility lies with the authors of the publication. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known to or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without the permission in writing of the copyright owner except for personal use. Contact: ©TOPAZ Opletalova 1603/57 11000 Praha 1 Czechia For more information please visit: http://www.top-az.eu/home/ The processing of the publication was concluded in September 2019. Reviewed by: Ondřej Filipec, College of Entrepreneurship and Law Margherita Movarelli, WMCES ISBN 978-80-88350-05-7 2 CONTENTS Project partners ................................................................................................................ 5 Contributors ..................................................................................................................... 9 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................. 13 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 17 Czech Democracy Thirty Years since the Velvet Revolution ........................................... 23 A Geography of Electoral Support for Centre-Right Parties and Possibilities for Their Cooperation ............................................................................. 33 Pension Reform: Options and Challenges .......................................................................... 43 Current Trends in Primary and Secondary Education Policy .......................................... 55 Innovative Activities As a Factor of Competitiveness of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises ....................................................................................... 65 The Future of the EU Cohesion Policy in the New Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) ........................................................................................... 77 Negotiating Post-Brexit EU-UK Relations:Challenges, Choices and Opportunities for Czechia ........................................................................................ 85 Czechia, the European Union and the Prevention of Illegal Migration ............................. 93 U.S. Foreign Policy towards Russia in the Age of Trump .............................................. 103 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 113 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 121 4 Project partners 6 TOPAZ was established in 2012 as an educational platform and think tank associated with the political party TOP 09. Its goal is to open up discussion with the public concerning conservative ideas. Its main activities are focused on social debates with independent experts, cooperation with TOP 09 expert committees, fundraising, presentation of alternative views on the work of public authorities and preparation of analytical and conceptual policy documents suggesting alternative answers. Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) is a German political foundation closely associated with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). At home as well as abroad, the civic education and dialogue programs aim at promoting freedom and liberty, peace and justice. Primary concerns are strengthening representative democracy, promoting European integration, expanding transatlantic relations and increasing development cooperation. The Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies (WMCES) was established in 2007 as the political foundation and official think tank of the European People’s Party (EPP). The Martens Centre has four main goals: advancing centre-right thought, contributing to the formulation of EU and national policies, serving as a framework for national political foundations and academics and stimulating public debate about the EU. It promotes a pan-European mind-set based on centre-right, Christian-Democrat, conservative and like-minded political values. 7 8 Contributors 10 Aaron T. Walter is an assistant professor at the Faculty of Social Sciences of Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Trnava, Slovakia and adjunct professor at the Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University in Brno, Czechia. His research interests are International Relations, European Studies, specifically security studies, and Israeli Studies. He is a published author and co-author of several books; a member of the Editorial Board for the Slovak Journal of Political Sciences was from 2016-2019 project coordinator at UCM for the Jean Monnet Chair in Migration Studies and currently is involved with ISGAP in the role of their Director of Online Programming and Media Relations. Jakub Charvát works at the Metropolitan University Prague and Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem. His research interests include election analyses, politics of electoral reforms, political communication, and analysis of Central European contemporary politics and history. He has published a number of academic articles in these areas; he wrote several monographs including Politika volebních reforem v České republice po roce 1989 [The Politics of Electoral Reform in Czechia after 1989] (2013) and Evropské volby v proměnách času: politika volebních reforem EU [European Elections over Time: Politics of EU Electoral Reforms] (2018); and has co-authored several anthologies. Jan Vavřina teaches undergraduate and graduate courses at the Department of Business Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics at Mendel University in Brno. In the past, he worked as an analyst of EU business and municipality (public and local administration) support schemes at the Brno regional department of the State Agricultural Intervention Fund. He was coordinating and controlling support for business and municipal projects co-funded by the EU pre-accession funds at the Czech Ministry of Agriculture. Lucie Tungul graduated from Miami University, Ohio (International Relations), and Palacky University in Olomouc (Politics and European studies). Her areas of interest are European integration with a special focus on Europeanization, democratization, EU decision making processes, Euroscepticism, migration processes and identity discourses. She is currently the Head of Research at TOPAZ and assistant professor at the Department of Politics and Social Sciences, Law Faculty, Palacky University. Marek Ženíšek is a political scientist, former Deputy Minister of Justice (2007-2012) and First Deputy Minister of Health (2012-2013), and former Member of the Czech Parliament (2013-2017). He is currently the Vice-chair of TOP 09 and executive director of the political institute TOPAZ. Monika Brusenbauch Meislová is assistant professor at the Department of International Relations and European Studies, Masaryk University, Brno. She is also a member of the UACES 2019-2021 “The Limits of Europe: Challenging the Crisis of European Integration” Research Network and a leading researcher of the Czech Science Foundation 2019-2021 project on Czech EU political discourse. Her research work covers issues of British European policy, Brexit, Czech foreign policy and political discourse. Her most recent research has been published in various journals, including The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, Parliamentary Affairs, British Politics, European Politics and Society and Europe-Asia Studies. 11 Ondřej Schneider is an external consultant to the World Bank, member of the CESIfo and CASE networks, and an associate professor of economics at Charles University in Prague. He received his MPhil. from Cambridge University and PhD. from CERGE-EI in Prague. He was a senior and later a chief economist for Emerging Europe at the Institute of International Finance in Washington DC in 2009- 2018. He has taught at Charles University, New York University, Georgetown University and East China University in Shanghai. Pavel Maškarinec works at the Faculty of Arts of Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem. His areas of research include electoral behaviour, spatial analysis of voting, political representation of women and quality of democracy. He has published many academic articles on these topics in both Czech and international indexed journals. He is the author of the monographs Kvalita demokracie v Mongolsku [The Quality of Democracy in Mongolia] (2019), Volební geografie Libereckého kraje 1992– 2010: Voličské chování z pohledu explorační prostorové analýzy dat (ESDA) [The Electoral Geography of the Liberec Region 1992-2010: Electoral Behaviour in Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis] (2014) and co-authored several anthologies. Gen. Petr Pavel, was the Chief of the General Staff of the Army of the