Report for the Academic Year 2007-2008

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INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY EINSTEINDRIVE PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 08540 609-734-8000 www.ias.edu

Report for the Academic Year 2007–2008 t is fundamental in our purpose, and our express I. desire, that in the appointments to the staff and faculty, as well as in the admission of workers and

students, no account shall be taken, directly or indirectly,

of race, religion, or sex. We feel strongly that the spirit

characteristic of America at its noblest, above all

the pursuit of higher learning, cannot admit of any

conditions as to personnel other than those designed

to promote the objects for which this institution is

established, and particularly with no regard whatever

to accidents of race, creed, or sex.

Extract from the letter addressed by the Institute’s Founders, Louis Bamberger and Caroline Bamberger Fuld, to the first Board of Trustees, dated June 4, 1930.

Newark, New Jersey Cover Photo: Dinah Kazakoff The Institute for Advanced Study exists to encourage and support fundamental research in the sciences and humanities—the original, often speculative, thinking that produces advances in knowledge that change the way we understand the world. 2 INSTITUTEFORADVANCEDSTUDY Institute for Advanced Study h xmnto fhsoia n otmoayproblems. contemporary and and multi- historical research a of to social examination devoted to the is approach and change international social and comparative, and disciplinary, societies of analysis the mission H COLO OILSCIENCE SOCIAL OF SCHOOL THE SCIENCES NATURAL OF SCHOOL THE MATHEMATICS OF SCHOOL THE STUDIES HISTORICAL OF SCHOOL THE PCA PROGRAMS SPECIAL eia hsc,apormfrgaut tdnsadpsdcoa scholars. postdoctoral and students graduate Theo- in for Prospects molecular program sponsors of a School interface Physics, The sciences. the retical physical at the research conducting and biology and universe; the theory, composi- of and string tion physics, origin the particle investigating gravity; quantum elementary and theory, include quantum interest current biology. of systems astronomy, physics, and Areas theoretical of areas broad in research ae cuain;adteSineIiitv ru,ddctdt building world. mathematics- developing to all the dedicated Group, in in Initiative capacity professionals Science science of the roles and the occupations; of based awareness increase to aims which Institute, Mathematics Artist-in-Residence City the IAS/Park world; the Director’sVisitors; the Program; viewing of ways different explores which colsosr,jitywt rneo nvriy h rga o Women for Mathematics. Program and University, the an Princeton science.The with is computer jointly School and sponsors, Institute.Today, mathematics School the on the research at for place center international impetus taken major have their that owe discoveries math- centuries twenty-first to in and themes twentieth central the Several Study. of Advanced ematics for Institute the at School uoen erEsen n atAincvlztos h colactively ideas. School of of The Western cross-fertilization civilizations. School and of Asian research the interdisciplinary East history promotes and and the Politics Eastern, with and Near principally Economics European, concerned of is School Studies, the Humanistic of merging the nld h rga nItricpiayStudies, Interdisciplinary in Program the include salse n13,wstefirst the was 1933, in established , one n17,tksa its as takes 1973, in founded , salse n16,supports 1966, in established , salse n14 with 1949 in established , TABLEOFCONTENTS 3

and of the Corporation

5 Background and Purpose 6 Report of the Chairman 8 Report of the Director 11 Report of the School of Historical Studies

27 Report of the School of45 Mathematics Report of the School of63 Natural Sciences Report of the School of69 Social Science The IAS Community 75 Reports of the Special Programs 91 Report of the Institute Libraries 92 Acknowledgments 99 Founders,Trustees, and Officers of the Board 101 Administration 103 Independent Auditors’ Report 100 Present and Past Directors and Faculty Contents

Institute for Advanced Study IAS DINAH KAZAKOFF Background and Purpose

he Institute for Advanced Study was founded in 1930 with a major gift from New Jersey businessman and philanthropist Louis Bamberger and his sister, Caroline Bamberger Fuld, who wished to use their Tfortunes to make a significant and lasting contribution to society. They sought the advice of educator Abraham Flexner, who developed the concept of the Institute as a community of scholars whose primary purpose would be the pursuit of advanced learning and scholarly exploration. The Institute for Advanced Study has remained committed to its founding principles for more than seventy-five years, and its record of defini- tive scholarship and scientific achievement is unsurpassed. The Institute fills a unique role in postgraduate education and scientific and scholarly research. As “the university to universities,” in the words of Trustee Vartan Gregorian, the Institute serves all colleges and universities by providing a place where scholars can hone their skills and do their best work, thereby adding substantially to their ability to contribute as both teachers and scholars to the academic institutions where they base their careers. For young scholars just entering the academic world, an opportunity to work at the Institute can set the direction for lifelong research The Institute’s foremost interests and thereby determine professional careers. The Institute provides more objective is the advancement mature scholars with the opportunity to take new directions in their research or to complete a major piece of work away from the many obligations of working of knowledge and the life at a university. At a time when pure research and scholarly activities are deepening of understanding undervalued, the opportunities that the Institute provides have never been more across a broad range of necessary.The Institute’s foremost objective is the advancement of knowledge and the humanities, sciences, the deepening of understanding across a broad range of the humanities, sciences, and social sciences. and social sciences. One of the Institute’s unique strengths is its permanent Faculty of twenty-seven eminent scholars, whose broad interests and extensive ties to the larger academic world are reflected in their own work and also in the guidance and direction they provide to the Institute’s visiting Members. The Faculty defines the major themes and questions that become the focus of each School’s seminars and other activities, and the Faculty selects and works closely with visiting Members. Small in number and organized into four Schools (Historical Studies, Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and Social Science), the Faculty and PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND Members can interact with one another without any departmental or disciplinary barriers. Each year the Institute awards fellowships to some 190 visiting Members from about one hundred universities and research institutions throughout the world. The Institute’s more than 5,000 former Members hold positions of intellectual and scientific leadership in the United States and abroad. Some twenty-two Nobel Laureates and thirty-four out of forty-eight Fields Medalists, as well as many winners of the Wolf and MacArthur prizes, have been affiliated with the Institute.The Institute does not receive income from tuition or fees; resources for operations come from endowment income, grants from private foundations and government agencies, and gifts from corporations and individuals.

5 Report of the Chairman

ever in my wildest aspirations, as a youth who was introduced to the Institute for Advanced Study through my sister, Lucille, a physicist who worked in the health physics division of the Oak Ridge NNational Laboratory, did I expect that I would have the opportunity to serve as Chairman of the Institute’s Board of Trustees. It has been an immense honor to serve the institution that I have always thought of as an intellectual Camelot, in what I believe is a modest role in moving things forward during a period of significant transition and tremendous achievement. This past year, I had the pleasure of assuming the reins from James D.Wolfensohn,our Chairman for twenty- one years, whose retirement we celebrated last October. Jim’s Chairmanship from 1986 to 2007 was charac- terized by an invaluable and enduring commitment to the Institute’s unique mission and to furthering the ability of the Faculty to focus on their scholarly work. He maintained this commitment for more than two decades during a period when his other duties were crucially important and extraordinarily demanding by any standard. As Chairman, he brought a rare grace and humor to our many meetings and events. All who care about the Institute owe Jim an enormous debt of gratitude for his many contributions, and we are hon- ored that he continues to serve on the Board as Chairman Emeritus. I am especially thrilled that during the past year,Trustees and Faculty as well as Jim’s colleagues and friends raised more than $5 million to create the James D.Wolfensohn Professorship in the School of Social Science in honor of his distinguished service.The intent is for the Professorship to be filled by a scholar who analyzes the cultures of non-Western countries ethnographically, and whose research is aimed at studying these local and national cultures to gain an understanding of how they work in terms of their histories and their place in international and global contexts. With its devotion to issues relating to non-Western cultures, the Professorship will link Jim’s work as President (1995–2005) of the World Bank with his commitment to the Institute, where he has served as a Trustee since 1979. In the spirit of giving for which they are well known, a new Membership in the School, to be associated with the Wolfensohn Professorship, has been created by a generous donation from the Wolfensohn family. During his Chairmanship, Jim oversaw the Institute’s successful endowment of six Professorships, across the Institute’s four Schools, including the Albert O.Hirschman Professorship in the School of Social Science, currently held by economist Eric S. Maskin, who was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Economics last October, and the George F. Kennan Professorship in the School of Historical Studies, currently held by political philosopher Avishai Margalit. Fittingly, Jim’s retirement last October coincided with the opening of an extension to Bloomberg Hall, made possible through the generosity of an anonymous benefactor, that now housesThe Simons Center for Systems Biology and marks a milestone in the Institute’s history in terms of its commitment to biology.The Simons Center has been supported by generous donors, including especially Trustee James H. Simons, a former Member in the School of Mathematics, and his wife Marilyn Hawrys Simons, who endorsed the Institute’s work in systems biology with a $10 million challenge grant from their foundation,The Simons Foundation. Since its founding seventy-eight years ago, the Institute has maintained its influence and standing through a commitment to undertaking a comprehensive review, approximately every ten years since the mid-1950s, of its structure and its current course with the goal of recommending any adjustments that should be considered for the future.We are grateful for the astute leadership shown byVice Chairman Richard B. Black, chairman of the Decadal Review Implementation Committee, along with Trustees Victoria Bjorklund and Brian Wruble, who are overseeing a Decadal Review that is currently in progress with the aim of producing a final

REPORTOFTHECHAIRMAN report by October 2009.

6 In other Board transitions, we saw the retirement of AcademicTrustee Andrew Strominger, who served a five- year term with distinction on behalf of the School of Natural Sciences. A former long-term Member (1982–87) of the School and a leading string theorist,Andy is Professor of Physics at Harvard University and a senior fellow of its Society of Fellows. His research, which concerns unsolved problems relating to the incompatibility of quantum mechanics and Einstein’s theory of gravity, the origin of the universe, and the origin of the masses of the elementary particles, has led It has been an immense the way in merging the study of quantum-mechanical black holes with that of honor to serve the string theory.The Board of Trustees benefited greatly from his lucid explanations institution that I have of the intricacies of string theory as well as his deep appreciation of and commitment to the Institute as a scholar. always thought of as an intellectual Camelot, in Andy will be succeeded by Curtis Callan, the J. S. McDonnell Distinguished what I believe is a modest University Professor of Physics at Princeton University, who will join the Board as of July 1, 2008. Curt, a winner of the Dirac Medal in 2004, was a Member in role in moving things the School of Natural Sciences at the Institute on three occasions, in 1969–72, forward during a period of 1983, and 1993–94, and has been a frequent Visitor in recent years.Well known significant transition and for the Callan-Symanzik equation, he was recently elected Vice President of the tremendous achievement. American Physical Society. Also joining the Board as of July will be Eric E. Schmidt, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Google Inc. An internationally recognized technologist and business leader, Eric serves on the Board of Directors of Apple Inc. and is Chairman of the Board of Directors of the New America Foundation. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2006 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007. As the Institute seeks to further endow The Simons Center for Systems Biology, Eric has provided crucial support with a gift to endow the Eric and Wendy Schmidt Membership in Biology.We are also grateful to Ann Lee Saunders Brown for her generous funding of the Charles L. Brown Membership in Biology, which is named for her late husband, a former Institute Trustee and Chairman of AT&T. In addition,Trustee James J. Schiro, Chief Executive Officer of Zurich Financial Services, has facilitated a generous gift from Zurich Financial Services to create an endowment for the Zurich Financial Services Membership, which will be offered to Chinese candidates conducting research in the fields of mathematics, economics, and the sciences. Finally,Charles Simonyi, President and Chief Executive Officer of Intentional Software Corporation, will take over as Chairman of the Board on October 25, 2008. As his friends and colleagues at the Institute are well aware––as are all those who heard his highly engaging public talk at the Institute last October about his trav- el into space aboard a Russian-built Soyuz spacecraft––Charles is certain to provide passionate and discerning CHAIRMAN THE OF REPORT leadership for this remarkable place where scholars at the frontiers of their fields are provided an environment unfettered by distractions. I know firsthand that Charles and I share a deep and unwavering appreciation for the Institute, its Director, Faculty,and staff, and the many benefactors who make the work of the Institute possible and enable it to embark on extraordinary and influential adventures of intellectual curiosity.

Martin L. Leibowitz Chairman, Board of Trustees

7 Report of the Director

t the end of October, James Wolfensohn retired as the Chairman of our Board of Trustees after twenty- .one years’ service. His vision has guided our evolution as an institution, ensuring the maintenance of A the highest standards of excellence and the relevance of the Institute’s work. Despite his many other formidable responsibilities, Jim’s loyalty and commitment to the Institute have never wavered. Under his leadership, nobody was in any doubt that the role of the Institute’s staff is to provide the best facilities for theoretical research in the world, and that the responsibility of the Faculty and Members is to take full advantage of the exceptional opportunities afforded by this privileged environment. Just before Jim stepped down as Chairman, he presided at the opening of an extension to Bloomberg Hall to house The Simons Center for Systems Biology, which has been established under the leadership of Professor Arnold Levine. Designed by Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects, the extension incorporates systems biology within the School of Natural Sciences, providing an interactive environment that connects seamlessly with the rest of the School and facilitates multidisciplinary interaction, which has been a prominent feature of the Center’s development. As construction neared completion, Richard Long spent three days at the Institute creating a sculpture in the small courtyard that had been formed to the southwest of the new extension on the southeast side of the building.The work, Slate Oasis, comprises more than ten tons of standing slate, which form organic patterns and interlock on a flat ground of gray limestone chippings. During the past year, the Institute has benefited greatly from the leadership of Martin Leibowitz, former Vice Chairman and Chief Investment Officer of TIAA-CREF,who agreed to succeed JimWolfensohn as Chairman last October. Now a Managing Director at Morgan Stanley, Marty has been a Trustee since 1995 and Vice Chairman of the Board since 2001. He is deeply committed to the Institute’s mission and unstinting and generous in support of its work.The Institute is greatly indebted to his wisdom and understanding. In October 2008, Charles Simonyi, currently President of the Corporation, will succeed Marty as Chairman. As the year began, we were saddened by the death on August 6 of Atle Selberg, Professor Emeritus in the School of Mathematics and one of the great mathematicians of the twentieth century. Atle first came to the Institute in 1947, joining the Faculty in 1951. At a meeting in Wolfensohn Hall in January, colleagues, friends, and family came together to celebrate his life and work and its profound impact on analytic number theory. Following the retirement of Robert Langlands, Peter Sarnak, whose work like that of Atle Selberg’s centers on analytic number theory, joined the Faculty of the School of Mathematics in July. Peter will hold his appointment in conjunction with his Professorship at Princeton University. At the same time, political theorist Danielle Allen of The University of Chicago succeeded Michael Walzer as UPS Foundation Professor in the School of Social Science. In January, particle physics phenomenologist Nima Arkani-Hamed of Harvard University joined the School of Natural Sciences as a Professor. Pierre Deligne, Professor in the School of Mathematics since 1984, retired in January,and Helmut Hofer, Silver Professor in the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences of New York University, has been appointed to succeed him from July 2009. One of the founders of the area of symplectic topology, Helmut’s work focuses on symplectic geometry, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations. The Institute has also announced the appointment of ancient historian Angelos Chaniotis as a Professor in the School of Historical Studies effective July 2010.Angelos, currently a Senior Research Fellow in Classics at All Souls College, Oxford, succeeds Glen Bowersock, who retired in 2006.Angelos is known for his original and wide-ranging research in the social, cultural, religious, legal, and economic history of the Hellenistic world and

REPORTOFTHEDIRECTOR the Roman East. Each year the work of our Faculty and Members is recognized by the award of major international prizes, and this academic year was certainly no exception. Phillip Griffiths and Pierre Deligne received the 2008 Wolf 8 REPORTOFTHEDIRECTOR 9 The core work of the Institute is the research performed by our Professors, including those now emeritus, and our Members, who are drawn each year from many different countries. Peter Goddard Director Prize in Mathematics,University.King Albert together II made with Pierrein aVicomte David honor in Belgium of Mumford and his the achievements. (former Belgian postEdward Member, office Witten, Charles issued 1962–63, Simonyi a Professor postage 1981–82) in stamp Prize the in School of Astronomy and of Mathematics, Brown Natural andSackler Sciences, Nima was International Arkani-Hamed awarded was Prize the awarded 2008 in thedigms Crafoord 2008 for Physics Raymond physics for and beyond his Beverly thein “novel, Standard deep, history and Model.”The for highly Royal 2008 Netherlands to influentialtive Academy Jonathan on contributions awarded Israel, its the Professor to in Heineken history new the Prize of School para- the ofIn Enlightenment. Historical October Studies, for 2007, his Eric vitallySocial Maskin, new Science, Albert was perspec- awarded O. the Hirschman 2007award Professor with in Nobel Leonid Hurwicz Prize of the the in School University ofof Economics. Eric of Minnesota and The shared Roger University B. of the Myerson Chicago, for havingtheory. laid the foundations of mechanism design The Institute is in thefulfilling midst its of mission a Decadal ofences Review,analyzing fostering and how well humanities, research and it into has seekinging fundamental been to years. questions formulate Such in reviews strategic have the objectivesthe taken for last sci- place the academic at year, com- Visiting ten-year Committeesconducted intervals reviewed of the since work the the of views 1950s. eachNearly In and of all our experiences members four of of Schools.how Surveys the current have we Institute’s been Members might staff work and have moregy taken former effectively. efficiency Reports part Members and have in data from been meetings have been commissioned theplete to collected on the last provide on the Review their five all during Institute’s aspects unique years. building of 2009. perspective and its on operation.The ener- As Board conceived ofTrustees by expects Abraham toeach com- Flexner, the flexible Institute and has broaderrations always in across been scope School organized than boundaries in a exist,ferent but Schools, typical more Schools.After now opportunities university Hours four are department. As Conversations, sought in athe our to number, program facilitate School recent conceived interactions survey and of between attests, organized dif- HistoricalFebruary collabo- by to Studies Caroline encourage Walker Bynum and such of conversations PietThursday in evening Hut an in informal of February and and thean relaxed March, environment. an Program Each academic Institute Monday,Tuesday,and in topic, Professor, Member, followed Interdisciplinary or VisitorBar by Studies, gave twenty on a was minutes ten-minute the launched talk ofInstitute upper in on group community, level who discussion. of actively Each the participatedwill of continue Dining in the in sharing Hall talks the took and their coming place views academic wasThe in year. on attended core Harry’s the by work of topics between theour presented. fifteen The Institute Members, is who and program the are fifty research drawnstaff performed members each and by year of our our from Professors, the many growing includinginfluence different community those countries. of now through It emeritus, Friends the is and and the researchMembers.They benefactors commitment performed ensure of that the the here enables independence Institute’s the andmission that Institute’s of the continuing is facilitating and impact essential disinterested wide research if that into the fundamental time Institute questions spent is in the to at sciences be the and able Institute humanities. to has continue to on fulfill our its ANDREA KANE The School of Historical Studies

Faculty Yve-Alain Bois Caroline Walker Bynum Patricia Crone,Andrew W.Mellon Professor Nicola Di Cosmo, Luce Foundation Professor in East Asian Studies Jonathan Israel Avishai Margalit, George F.Kennan Professor Heinrich von Staden

Professors Emeriti Glen W. Bowersock Giles Constable Oleg Grabar Christian Habicht Irving Lavin Peter Paret Morton White

he School of Historical Studies is concerned principally with the history of Western European, Near Eastern, and East Asian civilizations. Both inside and outside these broad areas of study, Faculty and Members have pursued a wide range of topics. The emphasis has traditionally been on Greek and

T STUDIES HISTORICAL OF SCHOOL Roman civilization; medieval, early modern, and modern European history; the history of art; and the history of science, but over time the School’s interests have enlarged to include Islamic culture, the history of China and Japan, modern international relations, and more recently, music studies. Over two thousand scholars have come to the School since its founding, and their work here in these and other areas of research has regularly been enriched by the fruitful interaction of disciplines in a small and collegial community. The School’s broad interpretation of the meaning of “Historical Studies” continued to be reflected in the research projects pursued by the forty-three Members and elevenVisitors who joined the School for the academic year 2007–08. Their research spanned a diverse range of historical subjects including the history of art, philosophy, music, religion, international relations, literature, science, and medicine, as well as ancient history and the classics. The periods studied ranged from as far back as 300 BC to the late twentieth century.Research carried out in the School also extended over a wide geographic range, from Europe to the Byzantine Empire, the Middle East, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, China,Tibet, and Japan. The group of scholars who joined the School in 2007–08 was itself an internationally diverse group, including citizens of Belgium, Canada, Germany, France, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Russia, Spain, Sweden, the Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Members received support both from the Institute’s own funds and from a variety of external sources, including the National Endowment for the Humanities,The Andrew W.Mellon Foundation, Fritz Thyssen Stiftung, Gerda Henkel Stiftung, and The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation. 11 12 SCHOOLOFHISTORICALSTUDIES

DINAH KAZAKOFF ilsadregions. and across fields ideas of exchange the that facilitated discussions and lectures for drawn together were scholars of groups pursued, projects research individual the Beyond rsn n ics oiso uulitrs.(e h ito vnsa h end the at events of list the section.) (See interest. this mutual of of topics discuss and present n20–8 Professor 2007–08, In ACTIVITIES ACADEMIC inwt ihr er nteLur,i ojnto ihteats’ instal- conversa- artist’s public the of a with conjunction had latter in Louvre, he May, the the In in at April. pseudomorphism, Serra in lectures Richard Harvard on with two relationship at tion gave and again the gave he formalism on he March, which Museum on In Getty conservation. University the and Emory at history par- held he art January, In symposium between formalism. a on architecture Chicago in University and of the University ticipated art The of between at Architecture lecture relationship of a the and School on Angeles, Basel. the In Los in at California, Art. conference in lectures of Oikones three Art of of gave the Museum also at Museum He Newman Hirshhorn Philadelphia the Barnett at on the on Kelly and Washington, on and at again University Newman’s lectured years Hopkins “Barnett he November, Johns on French at lectures Kelly’s Colloquium gave Ellsworth Tate Lavy the he at the October, held at In Oiticica Jewishness” Hélio London. on in symposium pre- the Gallery area in participated the he July, from history In scholars art as well work. informal as current an their Members organized sented where Foundation’s he Barnes dinner Institute, the and the on seminar work At Matisse. his paint- finishing Kelly’s of Ellsworth is holdings of he raisonné and sculptures, Beyeler catalogue Museum. “black Robert and the Guggenheim the ings so-called on the Reinhardt’s work and at at to Ad exhibition continued Kelly, retrospective on He an Léger with another Ellsworth conjunction yet a in Aarau, Léger, paintings” and of Basel; in Fernand relationship occasion in retrospective Foundation the the of his on on work of Rauschenberg British another the occasion of Germany; work the between the Braunschweig, on on and essay an Wallinger Switzerland, the wrote on Mark also monograph He 1993 artist Barré. his catalogue Martin published cham- artist and to the French English purported into it in translated works Resist,” He the pion. and Artworks dogma between MIT aesthetic discrepancy Greenberg’s “When by the Clement essay, with published dealt were which an Exhibition, which Inaugural Bochner, Glenstone:The wrote Mel and artist by Press, writings of lection aino eea ouetlwrsi Paris. in works monumental several of lation v-li Bois Yve-Alain dtdadwoetepeaet col- a to preface the wrote and edited htmto eua ai to basis regular groups a on smaller met of that as number a well and seminars, as lectures, invited Colloquia, Lunch- a time Monday as the at School whole the to individual Members by presentations of series regular a included regions. of These and fields exchange across ideas the that discussions facilitated and lectures for drew together scholars of events groups many projects, research individual the Beyond oko aoieWle yu in Professor AndrewW. Mellon Bynum Walker Perspective.” Century Caroline Twenty-first “The to of devoted 3) Work for (April “Gender Institute Religion” on Radcliffe and conference a second Study at own Advanced close session her a A of was essays. one from methodological taken Festschrift, a Mode was Princeton with Comic which presented at the was held she in and by which years History organized at conference, thirty-five 28, a past September was on the her University from for students year graduate the of her event exciting most The “After Institute. the called the across at exchange series Schools the intellectual at evening four of increase early Wednesday to Hut an designed every Conversations,” Piet Studies, Hours Professor met Interdisciplinary general with of in organized, that discussion Program also Table and She Medieval research issues. individual At methodological a of Berlin. presentation in led for Academy lunchtime American Yad-Hanadiv she the the Institute, of University of Board committee Columbia the the Historical selection with joined Israeli the work and Foundation, on the to the served at continued students, at and She graduate University, University, Jerusalem. Brown Tsinghua in at at Society National Oxford, students graduate and of for University University workshops Easton, led Taiwan She in National Rome. in the College and Academy University; Aviv American Oxford;Tel Lafayette of University Valley Delaware the at the Association; Taiwan;Medieval University; in Columbia University Seminary; lectured Taiwan Theological National Princeton Bynum and Sinica year, Academia Michigan. Pennsylvania; of the University the from During Letters received Humane she of December, In Doctor November. honorary in Award studies an Religion’s historical of attention. in Academy Excellence American for of the won 2007) amount Press, Pennsylvania large prisingly n20–8 Professor 2007–08, In hc h niae steedrsl fthis of book, result a end the of as envisages much she drafted which and beliefs on such report Ismaili article tenth-century a an analyzing completed down She Iran times. of modern history to and religious time the reappear in religious again which their of in of some nature and beliefs, centuries, the ninth on and particular eighth the rebels Iranian of the on working year the spent h rfc n natceo oe’ prtaiy a ulse by published was spirituality, women’s Association’s appeared Historical on Word,” which P American the essay,“The article in short Her an Press. audience University and general Columbia a profession. preface for historical pieces the the two of and state century, sacri- the twentieth concerning on the passages another century, biblical to of fifteenth down theology the fice Christian in in wound reception an side the wrote Christ’s on She to book. devotion a on into June, article last from lectures Jerusalem Materiality,” her aoieakrBynum CarolineWalker Clmi nvriyPes 07,tetteof title the 2007), Press, University (Columbia arcaCrone Patricia o hc h wrote she which for Veil, and Crown Perspectives odru Blood Wonderful okda unn “Christian turning at worked nOtbr rwasur- a drew October, in Uiest of (University oentimes. modern to down Iran of religious history the in again and time reappear which of some religious beliefs, their of nature the on particular in and centuries, ninth and eighth the of rebels Iranian the on working year the spent Crone Professor rfsosPtii rn n Jonathan and Crone Patricia Professors oncin ewe sai da and ideas Islamic between connections salognzdacneec nthe on conference a organized Israel h aia Enlightenment. Radical the

CLIFF MOORE

13 COLO ITRCLSTUDIES HISTORICAL OF SCHOOL 14 SCHOOLOFHISTORICALSTUDIES

ANDREA KANE o uligterempires. nomads their the building by for adopted was that times history later nomadic in of model a fixed histories Chinese early that hypothesis working his discussed he which Chinese in Historiography,” Early in of Peoples History Foreign “The Others: on Institute the Faculty at a lecture gave Cosmo Di Nicola Professor sai da n h aia uoenElgtnet h conference, The Enlightenment. European State Radical between The links the the Rutgers, on and work ideas intensive of Professor for Islamic mod- European, Mulsow early with and and Islamic medievalists jointly Martin both gathered ernists, that event organized Professor an Jersey, New she of and University addition, Israel In expan- Jonathan between. con- imperial diverse in attended great and of ferences andVienna Angeles, Los aftermath Oxford, Freiburg, cultural Iranian in religion,” sions in the compulsion and no (Khurramism), is “there heresy declaration subjects Quranic on the seminars as and lectures such delivered she appearances, political public regards Islamic As of encyclopedia new a of creation thought. series the her front, in she involved editorial World become that Muslim the making the On abandoned. the of been in Makers her had long of project so translation the was Turkish thought the which and Thought, did social, Political too political, Islamic So on Medieval print. articles, in collected appeared history, early of military the volume of on Variorum formation second article an Her the drafted in also She role afterlife. in a long beliefs a played subject. had modern-sounding views and oddly theology whose of Muslim Iraq adherents Muslim Dahris, in the early third yet of the not for history “Barahima” is the and end “atheism” Islam on the of entries and Encyclopaedia the ramifications wrote many also She has sight. subject the but research, h eodabtcnen e nepeaino the of interpretation new a concerns ambit second The and Eurasian culture political of it. imperial with history the associated of institutions the and empires in consciousness nomadic issues a of of critical time over under- transmission the to the namely, nomads, possible of be one seven- may the it stand in which China through conquered century, that teenth centuries), regime Manchu fourteenth the to and (thirteenth cen- eighth empire empire to Mongol (sixth Xiongnu empire turies), BC),Türk the centuries first of to the (third of historiography analysis building an Chinese for concerns nomads study traditional the this of by gist adopted was empires.The histo- their times nomadic later of in model con- that a fixed ry hypothesis sources histories working Chinese early His early peoples. that Chinese foreign is which of special history in the a with way concerns structed empires, the first to nomadic The ambits. attention on main historiography two in Chinese research on ed uigteaaei er20–8 ueFoundation Luce 2007–08, year Studies Asian East academic in Professor the During as occasionally. continued met readings seminar Islamicist text the Persian and before, and readings Quran tradition. suited, The a ideally become is will Institute it the hopes which she for sufficient and prob- activity another’s establishing an one is of consider It was to lems. art and experts difficult for fields ground many the common across in cut April, experiment in an Institute the at held elcigaohrln-emitrs fhr,namely hers, of interest long-term another reflecting , o osstet-ee oue.Sehsalso has She volumes. twenty-seven boasts now ioaD Cosmo Di Nicola concentrat- Manchu conquest of China, according to which the global connections created by the expansion of Europe in the sixteenth century and a greater com- mercialization of China during the same period were responsible for the rapid development of Manchuria and the rise of a new political power. This Professor Israel continued hypothesis places the history of Manchuria in a context of global economic drafting chapters for the trends in sharp contrast with traditional theses that focus on the failure of the third part of his outline Ming state or on Manchu traditional culture. history of the Western His activities at the Institute involved the organization of ten talks (the East Enlightenment, covering the Asian Seminar series) and a workshop on Eurasian archeology with papers by Russian and Ukrainian archeologists. period 1750–89. His research into rare books, manuscripts, Di Cosmo lectured at Princeton, Berkeley, Columbia, and Stanford, and he and historical background delivered a Faculty lecture at the Institute. Abroad he lectured in Italy (Universities of Padova,Venice, and Piemonte Orientale) and Korea (Seoul necessary to the project took National University). Especially noteworthy were the Mote Memorial him to libraries in Oxford, Lectures at Princeton University,established in 2005 in memory of Professor London, Berlin, Greifswald, Frederick Mote. The themes of these lectures ranged from Chinese histori- Helsinki, and Paris. ography to Medieval Eurasian trade, Mongol history, and the frontiers of ancient China. Among his other activities, he was nominated coeditor of an Oxford University Press series dedicated to ancient empires. He evaluated a number of academic promotions, manuscripts for publications (both monographs and essays), and doctoral dissertations. In April 2008, he was elected to the Executive Board of the Italian Scientists and Scholars in North America Foundation. During the academic year 2007–08, Professor Jonathan Israel continued drafting chapters for the third part of his outline history of the Western Enlightenment, covering the period 1750–89, and also continued his research into rare books, manuscripts, and historical background necessary to the project. His research during this year took him to libraries in Oxford, London, Berlin, Greifswald, Helsinki, and Paris. As he was in his sabbatical year during this academic session, he was able to spend two and a half months in Oxford working in several College libraries as well as the Bodleian Library from January to late March. During this peri- STUDIES HISTORICAL OF SCHOOL od, he delivered the Sir Isaiah Berlin Memorial Lectures, a series of six lectures hosted jointly by the Oxford Philosophy and History faculties. He also gave two separate additional talks in Oxford. In addition to these, he delivered public lectures or conference papers in Princeton;The Hague; Helsinki; Le Mans; Rouen; Greifswald; Bergen, Norway; and Catania, Sicily, and he made two historical television programs, one in NewYork and the other for a Dutch company, in Oxford. In April, with Professor Patricia Crone and Professor Martin Mulsow of Rutgers, Israel convened a conference at the Institute on textual and other links between medieval Islam and the Radical Enlightenment. Together they plan to edit the proceedings. In May, it was announced that Israel had been awarded the 2008 Heineken Prize for History, which he was scheduled to receive in Amsterdam in October 2008.

His publications this year, along with several book reviews, were: 15 “Admiration of China and Classical Chinese Thought in the Radical Enlightenment (1685–1740),” Taiwan Journal of East Asian Studies IV (2007); “Enlightenment, Radical Enlightenment, and the ‘Medical Revolution’ of the Late Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries” in Medicine and Religion in Enlightenment Europe (Ashgate, 2007), edited by Ole Peter Grell and Andrew Cunningham; “John Locke and the Intellectual Legacy of the Early Enlightenment” in Eighteenth-Century Thought III (2007); “Gerrit Paape, A major new concern of Professor ‘Wijsbegeerte,’ en de ‘Algemene Revolutie’ van de mensheid” in Parmentier Margalit’s has to do with the XVI (2007); “Replying to Hanco Jurgens” in De Achttiende Eeuw XXXIX notion of sectarianism and the (2007); and “Radical Enlightenment and its Relevance to Today’s Problems” sectarian mindset as an attitude in The Secular State and Islam in Europe, edited by Kurt Almquist (Riga, 2007). toward politics and religion. Having spent much of the academic year working on the completion of his During the second term, he held book Compromise and Rotten Compromise, George F. Kennan Professor a seminar on sectarianism and Avishai Margalit submitted the manuscript to the publisher, Princeton University Press. In the winter, he presented two chapters from this book as esotericism for Members. lectures at Stanford University. A major new concern of Margalit’s has to do with the notion of sectarianism and the sectarian mindset as an attitude toward politics and religion. Margalit gave the Irving Howe Memorial Lecture on this topic, as well as an opening lecture at the Exzellenzcluster conference at the University of Konstanz, Germany. During the second term, Margalit held a seminar on sectarianism and esotericism for Members. In the past year, Margalit served as a member of the academic committee charged with organizing an international conference in honor of Michael Walzer, which took place in June.Within this framework, he delivered a lecture on “Fraternity and Solidarity,” which will be part of a book he is currently writing on Loyalty and Betrayal to be published by Harvard Professor Heinrich von Staden (left), University Press. pictured with ProfessorYve-Alain Bois (center), has been mainly focused on draft- Margalit is in the exploratory stages of creating a center for Shared Contested ing several chapters for a long-term project History for countries that were once at war with each other and whose on the relation between collectivities and individuals in the development of Greek painful pasts threaten to undermine the stability of peaceful relations between and Roman science and medicine. them. Margalit is starting with Poland as the testing ground for his idea. A frequent writer for The NewYork Review of Books, Margalit contributed a major article, “A Moral Witness to the Intricate Machine” (December 2007), in which he addressed some of the moral issues of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians. Early in the academic year 2007–08, Professor Heinrich von Staden gave two lectures on the relations between science and religion at the Collegiate Peaks SCHOOLOFHISTORICALSTUDIES Forum in Colorado and a keynote lecture, “How Greek was the Roman Body?,” at a colloquium at

16 RANDALL HAGADORN the University of Manchester. Subsequently, he gave two keynote lectures, one in October on “Words,Actions, and Visualization in Greek Incubation Narratives,” the other in December on “The Plasticity of the‘Scientific’”at conferences at Humboldt University in Berlin. A further keynote lecture, “Science and Medicine in Alexandria from the First Century BC to the Second Century AD,” followed at a conference on “Alexandrian Personae” at the University of North Carolina. In addition, he gave a lecture on “The Physician as Historian” at the Istituto Italiano per la Storia Antica in Rome, and another on “The Elasticity of Forms: Transformations in the Written ANDREA KANE Organization of Medical Knowledge” at a workshop on “Condensation, Professor Avishai Margalit spoke on Organization, and Transmission” at the Fondation Hardt in Vandœuvres, “Fraternity and Solidarity” at an international conference that was held at the Switzerland. He also contributed a paper on “Authority,Agon, and Exegesis: Institute in June, celebrating the work Creating Hippocrates” to a symposium in honor of Sir Geoffrey Lloyd at the of School of Social Science Professor University of Cambridge. In August 2007, von Staden presided at a meeting Emeritus Michael Walzer. of the delegates to the Fédération Internationale des Études Classiques in Barcelona. He also participated in colloquia and workshops in Paris and Mainz in April and June 2008, and he continues to serve on the editorial boards of several journals in the United States and Europe. Aside from a number of book reviews, he published several articles, including “Physis and Techne in Greek Medicine” in The Artificial and the Natural: An Evolving Polarity, edited by Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent andWilliam R. Newman (MIT Press, 2007); “Purity, Purification, and Katharsis in Hippocratic Medicine” in Katharsiskonzeptionen vor Aristoteles, edited by Martin Vöhler and Bernd Seidensticker (Walter de Gruyter, 2007); “Aulus Cornelius Celsus on Ars and Natura” in Tradición Griega y Textos Médicos Latinos en el Período Presalernitano, edited by Arsenio Ferráces Rodríguez (La Coruña, 2007); and “The Oath, the Oaths, and the Hippocratic Corpus” in La Science Médicale Antique. Nouveaux Regards, edited byVéronique Boudon- STUDIES HISTORICAL OF SCHOOL Millot, Alessia Guardasole, and Caroline Magdelaine (Beauchesne, 2008). During the academic year, he mainly concentrated on drafting several chapters for a long-term project on the relation between collectivities and individuals in the development of Greek and Roman science and medicine. Professor Emeritus Glen W. Bowersock has been working in the last year on late antique Ethiopic epigraphy,the Kebra Nagast, and Syriac apocalyptic. He delivered a paper on these topics at the international Patristics conference in Oxford in August 2007. In September 2007, he was a visiting scholar at the American Academy in Rome and also presented a paper on Aelius Aristides’ Panathenaicus at a colloquium in Florence. In February 2008, he traveled to Florida State University inTallahassee to deliver a paper on iatrosophists at the Langford Conference, organized by former Member and Langford Eminent Scholar at Florida State University Miriam Griffin. For a week in early April, he served as John H. Biggs Resident in Classics at Washington University in St. Louis, where he gave three lectures and met with students and faculty. In May, he celebrated the retirement of former Member François Paschoud at 17 18 SCHOOLOFHISTORICALSTUDIES

CLIFF MOORE Liberty.” Personal and Freethinking, Toleration, Enlightenment: Radical the and World Islamic “The on lecture Israel’s followed that period question-and-answer the audience during the from Israel Jonathan Professor queried Grabar Oleg Emeritus Professor nvriyPest otiuet e iiga dto ftewr fthe of work the of edition bilingual new a to contribute to Press University soito nMnra n atcptdi ae tteLur nPrsto Paris in Studies Louvre the Eastern at Middle panel the a in of Philosophical participated panel American and a Montreal the in chaired and Association He Greece; Philadelphia. Athens, in in Library Society Museum Gennadion Cleveland; Benaki in and Reserve Case-Western Georgia; Athens, rneo.H a he ok npesadtoohr ern completion. nearing others two Emeritus and Professor press in and York, books New Paderborn, three in has meetings He Princeton. attended con- and at Universities spoke Drew Rutgers, He and Dhaun,Avignon, reviews. Schloss three Brioude,Washington, Lorient, and Bloch), in ferences Herbert (of memoir a Müller), (to Emeritus foreword Marquardt a Professor article, 2007–08, one year published academic of World. the Ancient the library During of Study patriarchal New the for the Committee for Advisory Institute the and new of University’s excavation, York member a Harun as continued Jabal He Alexandria. the the on work Papyri, Center projects, the university’s important on Petra the many serve for among to sponsors, Finland 2008 which of Excellence, May of Academy in the Helsinki of to new Committee Council’s went Advisory Research He European scholars. the senior awarding for for grants panel a chair to Brussels the chair to Florence entifico to twice went Bowersock 2008. November let- unpublished hitherto his a of from translation excerpt French an a incorporate for will preface It Geneva. Apostate. new of the a University written the at has Bowersock historiography antique late on colloquium a rfso Emeritus in Art” 2007). Professor (CSBE, Islamic al-Asad of Mohammad Study by the Press, edited Environment, in Built University Century the a (Oxford Exploring “Half Arts Suleman and in 2007); des mean?” (Brill, Fahmida Painting Contadini Musée by Arab the does edited in “What Art” in Man , 2008); of of Source collections a Art Islamic as God, Qur’an the “The include of Publications Décoratifs. reopening the discuss fteItttt tlaod td mnsii n ewn wc to twice went he and Umanistici, Studi di Italiano Istitituto the of ) ocuin(to conclusion a , lgGrabar Oleg hita Habicht Christian itllelceOrden Mittelalterliche h opl fteIsiu eFac in France de Institut the of coupola the at annual achievement his speak the of and to Robert anniversary agreed the Louis has about tenth he at the gift, Robert’s on Mme Robert and Paris, Belles-Lettres Louis in et Inscriptions Fonds des Académie the vise super- to continued Bowersock Meanwhile, title the Oxford Auden. under to for Gibbon tradition preparing the on classical essays is of collection a He Press University 2007. of Arabia Roman in his appeared of History first translation it French A when 1978. book the Yourcenar Marguerite about from received he ter etrda h nvriyo eri in Georgia of University the at lectured yJntT. Janet by Monument , to Martyr From cetdapooa rmHarvard from proposal a accepted n nAai rnlto fhis of translation Arabic an and rentrée dtdb Anna by edited Painting , Arab ohapae oadteend the toward appeared both yGr evleadAnne and Melville Gert by , fteAaéi under Académie the of ie Constable Giles osgi sci- consiglio ito as Fiction odof Word Julian From historian Polybius, published in six volumes of the Loeb Classical Library by W. R. Paton, 1922–27, and often reprinted. Frank Walbank, the doyen of Polybian studies, had revised both the Greek text and the English translation and had put his extensive handwritten notes on the printed pages. They needed to be checked and transformed into a manuscript. Moreover, for the first time, the Press wanted short explanatory notes to be added to the entire work.Walbank’s Historical Commentary on Polybius, in three massive volumes, Professor Paret is continuing published in 1957, 1967, and 1979, helps enormously, but new finds and to prepare the Lees Knowles recent bibliography must constantly be added. Habicht has devoted nearly all his time since summer 2007 to this large project. Lectures on the History of War, which he will give at the His publications during the year were as follows: “Lolling in Thessalien University of Cambridge in (1882)” and “Aus Lollings thessalischen Tagebüchern” in Historische Landeskunde und Epigraphik in Griechenland. Akten des Symposiums veranstaltet fall 2008. The lectures will aus Anlass des 100.Todestages von H. G. Lolling (1848–1894) in Athen vom 28. address four varieties of history bis 30. 9. 1994 (2007) and “Neues zur hellenistischen Geschichte von Kos” of the same episode: narrative; in Chiron 37 (2007). Three other papers were accepted by various journals interpretations in literature, for publication. the fine arts, and works of This year saw the publication of the first volume of Professor Emeritus popular culture; political and Irving Lavin’s collected works: Visible Spirit.The Art of Gianlorenzo Bernini, institutional history; and vol. I (Pindar, 2007). It is the first of a projected five-volume edition. Two other papers dealing with art in Rome in the seventeeth century have also theoretical analysis. been published: “Urbanitas urbana. The Pope, the Artist, and the Genius of the Place” in I Barberini e la Cultura Europea del Seicento, edited by Lorenza Mochi Onori, et al. (De Luca Editori d’Arte, 2007), and “The Baldacchino. Borromini vs Bernini: Did Borromini Forget Himself?” in St. Peter in Rom 1506–2006, Akten der Internationalen Tagung 22.–25.02.2006 in Bonn, edited by Georg Satzinger and Sebastian Schütze (Hirmer Verlag, 2008). Lavin was appointed an Honorary Member of the Comitato Nazionale per le Celebrazioni del Centenario della Nascita di Giulio Carlo Argan (1909–92). Two of the lectures Professor Emeritus Peter Paret gave this academic year have been published: his talk before the Militärisch-Politische Gesellschaft in Berlin on modern social-science interpretations of Clausewitz, “Gedanken über Clausewitz,” appeared in Denkwürdigkeiten der Politisch-Militärischen STUDIES HISTORICAL OF SCHOOL Gesellschaft no. 43 (2008); and his talk, “Beyond Music: Paul Hindemith’s Opera Mathis der Maler as Political Document,” in the Princeton University Art Museum series,“The Inspiration of Art,” has come out in an expanded version in Historically Speaking IX, no. 5 (2008). A third lecture at Humboldt University in Berlin,“Kunst und Zeitgeschichte: Barlach’s Zeichnungen zum Nibelungenlied,” is included in the catalogue of the coming exhibition on Barlach’s graphics by the Ernst Barlach Stiftung in Güstrow.An earlier talk at Princeton University,“Triumph and Disaster of Assimilation:The Painter Max Liebermann,” appeared in The Jewish Studies Quarterly XV,no. 2, 2008. Paret also published “Images as Documents in the History of War,”in Central European History XXXVIII, no. 2 (2007), and a “featured review” in The American Historical Review CXII, No. 5 (2007),“David A. Bell,The First TotalWar.” During the academic year, Paret prepared the Lees Knowles Lectures on the History of War, which he will give at the University of Cambridge in fall 2008. The lectures address four varieties of history of the same episode: nar- 19 20 SCHOOLOFHISTORICALSTUDIES n wnit etre,thereby centuries, twentieth and n hneso h nineteenth the of thinkers and ntewiig fphilosophers of writings the in fteieso eesr truth, necessary of ideas the of rfso ht’ examination White’s Professor iia fot yphilosophers by efforts similar colo oilSine ihSho of School with Science, Social of School rmDsatst h present the to Descartes from nuiaiiy n certainty and indubitability, h iw e ot nWhite’s in forth set views the rmlf:Ei akn rfso nthe in Professor Maskin, Eric left: From rvdn akrudfor background a providing a ilivleasuyof study a involve will day itrclSuisPoesrHeinrich Professor Studies Historical otnWieadGe Bowersock Glen and White Morton o tdnadPoesr Emeriti Professors and Staden von hlspyo Culture. of Philosophy

CLIFF MOORE nJn ,PoesrEmeritus Professor 3, June Art On University Princeton the at 2009, 28, sculp- Barlach’s February Museum. of on examples open modernism. with will work, Weimar augmented graphic tural be of of will achievements medium which controversial exhibition, the the The and in remarkable and texts are saga these art of Nibelungen recreations the culturally Barlach’s myths, two legend. on completion German Faust woodcuts nearing significant and now drawings ideologically project Barlach’s second and Ernst A of 2009. exhibition of an to fall is are the lectures in The analysis. published theoretical be culture; and popular history; of institutional works and and political arts, fine the literature, in interpretations rative; inwl otnewt td fsmlrefrsb hlspesand a philosophers providing by thereby White’s efforts in centuries, forth similar twentieth set views of and the study nineteenth for background examina- the a This history. of with of thinkers continue in philosophy philosophy, Hegel’s will political Hobbes’s in tion in and God, theory, of ethical Descartes’ existence Kant’s in the example con- prove for culture, defend to of to techni- attempt philosophy highly used wider how were the show in metaphysics views to and troversial epistemology, tries logic, White Descartes in which from truth, views in necessary cal study philosophers of a day, of ideas present writings the the of the to study in critical certainty a be and book indubitability, will his work to new “prequel” His a (2002). on work introduction. to new continues a White with reissued be to Wright scheduled Lloyd is White, Frank to Jefferson book, “W.V. Quine:Teacher, His of was Friend.” anniversary topic Colleague, hundredth birth.White’s one Quine’s the Orman celebrating Van philosophers Willard of gathering a to otnWhite Morton h nelculvru h iy rmThomas From City: the versus Intellectual The 16) rte ihtelt ui Perry Lucia late the with written (1962), pk tPictnUniversity Princeton at spoke hlspyo Culture. of Philosophy hlspyo Culture of Philosophy A MEMBERS,VISITORS, Harold Cook Masoud Jafarijaze AND RESEARCH STAFF History of Medicine ! University College Islamic History ! Institute for Advanced Study ! a London ! f Funding provided by The Andrew W.Mellon Yosef Kaplan Kazim Abdullaev Foundation Social and Cultural History ! The Hebrew

Art and Archaeology of Central Asia ! Institute of University of Jerusalem Archaeology,Academy of Sciences of Bryan Cuevas Funding provided by The Andrew W.Mellon

Uzbekistan ! v, s East Asian and Tibetan Studies ! Florida State Foundation University Richard Abels Funding provided by The Starr Foundation Fund Peter Klein

Medieval Military History ! United States Naval Art History ! Universität Tübingen Luc Duerloo Academy,Annapolis, Maryland ! f • v, s Funding provided by the Fritz Thyssen Stiftung Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Early Modern International Relations ! and The Andrew W.Mellon Foundation Studies University of Antwerp ! s Funding provided by the Hans Kohn Membership Barbara Kowalzig Aditya Behl Endowment Classics ! Royal Holloway, University of

Islamic Studies, South Asia ! University of London Pennsylvania Sven Dupré Funding provided by The Herodotus Fund Funding provided by the Friends of the Institute History of Science ! Ghent University ! v, f for Advanced Study Walter (Roy) Laird Martin Eisner History of Science ! Carleton University Persis Berlekamp Literary History ! Duke University ! s Funding provided by the Fund for Historical

Islamic Studies, History of Art ! The University Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies of Chicago Studies Funding provided by The Hetty Goldman Jodi Magness Membership Fund Andrea Falcon Archaeology ! University of North Carolina at Ancient Philosophy ! Concordia University, Chapel Hill ! s David Billington Montreal ! s Funding provided by The Hetty Goldman

Architecture and Engineering ! Princeton Funding provided by The Herodotus Fund Membership Fund and The Andrew W.Mellon University ! v, f Foundation Arsenio Ferraces-Rodríguez Joseph Blasi Classics ! Universidade da Coruña ! s Peter Alexander Meyers

Social and Economic History ! Rutgers,The Funding provided by The Andrew W.Mellon Intellectual History and Political Theory ! State University of New Jersey Foundation Université Paris–Sorbonne ! v William D. Loughlin Membership Ofer Gal Sergey Minyaev Anne-Marie Bouché History and Philosophy of Science ! The Archaeology and Art History ! Russian Academy

Medieval History ! Institute for Advanced University of Sydney ! f of Sciences ! s Study ! a Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Fellowship Funding provided by The Starr Foundation Fund in Historical Studies Susan Boynton Ian Moyer Detlef Garz History of Music and Medieval Studies ! Ancient History ! University of Michigan Columbia University Exile Studies ! Johannes Gutenberg- Funding provided by The Andrew W.Mellon Funding provided by the National Endowment for Universität Mainz Foundation the Humanities Funding provided by the Fritz Thyssen Stiftung and The Andrew W.Mellon Foundation Uta Nitschke-Stumpf STUDIES HISTORICAL OF SCHOOL Philip Bullock History of Architecture, History of Berlin ! Ursula Goldenbaum Russian Music, Literature, and Culture ! Institute for Advanced Study ! a University of Oxford ! f Early Modern Intellectual History ! Emory Edward T.Cone Membership in Music Studies University David O’Brien Funding provided by the Hans Kohn Membership Art History ! University of Illinois at Urbana- William Caferro Endowment Champaign ! f

Medieval History ! Vanderbilt University ! s Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Fellowship Funding provided by The Gladys Krieble Delmas David F. Graf in Historical Studies Foundation Greek and Roman Near East ! University of Miami ! s Cormac Ó Gráda Luigi Capogrossi Colognesi Funding provided by The Andrew W.Mellon Economic History ! University College

Roman Legal and Economic History ! Università Foundation Dublin ! f degli Studi di Roma, La Sapienza ! v, s Funding provided by the Gerda Henkel Stiftung Brooke Holmes and The Andrew W.Mellon Foundation Stephen Clucas Classics ! Princeton University Glenn Peers Intellectual History ! University of London ! v,f Funding provided by The Andrew W.Mellon Foundation Art History, Medieval Studies ! The University of Texas at Austin David Howell George William Cottrell, Jr. Membership

Japanese History ! Princeton University ! v

21 Beate Pongratz-Leisten Thomas Weber October 10

Ancient Near Eastern Studies ! Princeton Modern European History ! University of Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! University Pennsylvania Byzantine Art:Things in the World:A Discussion National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow Funding provided by The Herodotus Fund of an Exhibit Proposed for the Menil Collection in

Houston ! Glenn Peers,The University of Jonathan Rée Witold Witakowski Texas at Austin; Member, School of Historical

Philosophy, Intellectual History ! Roehampton Semitic Studies ! Uppsala University Studies University ! f Funding provided by The Gladys Krieble Delmas Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro Membership Foundation October 15

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Denis Rousset Margherita Zanasi Confronted Dragons, Confronted Traditions:

Ancient History ! École Pratique des Hautes Chinese History ! Louisiana State University Apotropaic Reliefs in Thirteenth-Century Islam ! Études, Paris National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow Persis Berlekamp,The University of Funding provided by the Patrons’ Endowment Chicago; Member, School of Historical Fund Graham Zanker Studies

Classics, Hellenistic Poetry ! University of Jutta Schickore Canterbury ! v, f October 17 History of Science ! Indiana University Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! Funding provided by The Andrew W.Mellon f First Term ! s Second Term ! v Visitor ! Conceptualizing Culture with Attention to the Foundation a Research Assistant Example of the Patron-Client Relationship in Early Medieval Europe and Early Imperial

John Beldon Scott China ! Richard Abels, United States Naval Art History ! The University of Iowa ! v, f Academy,Annapolis, Maryland, and Jonathan Skaff, Shippensburg University; Jonathan Skaff RECORDOFEVENTS Members, School of Historical Studies Chinese History ! Shippensburg University ! f In addition to the more formal events listed Felix Gilbert Membership below, there were also informal groups that October 19 gathered on a regular basis.Among these was Early Modern and Nineteenth-Century Oleksandr Symonenko a group that read, translated, and discussed the Historians Workshop ! Radical Instrumentalism Archaeology ! Institute of Archaeology, Quran, and another group (conducted in from Galileo to Hooke ! Ofer Gal,The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ! s Persian) that studied Persian poetry and prose. University of Sydney; Member, School of Funding provided by the Gerda Henkel Stiftung Historical Studies September 27 Cynthia Talbot Early Modern and Nineteenth-Century Ancient Studies Seminar ! “The Writing of the South Asian History The University of Texas God” and the Textualization of Neo-Assyrian ! Historians Workshop ! Initial meeting at Austin Prophecy ! Beate Pongratz-Leisten, Funding provided by the Fund for Historical October 1 Princeton University; Member, School of Studies Historical Studies Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Introductions Giacomo Todeschini October 22 Medieval History ! Università degli Studi di October 3 Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Trieste s Global Commerce and Global Science in the ! Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! Funding provided by The Andrew W.Mellon Early Modern Period Harold Cook, Approaches to a Vernacular Indian Epic ! ! Foundation Cynthia Talbot,The University of Texas at University College London; Member, School Austin; Member, School of Historical Studies of Historical Studies Nancy J. Troy Art History ! University of Southern October 5 October 24 California f Art History Seminar Napoleonic War Painting ! Ancient Studies Seminar ! Elagabalus, ! Funding provided by The Andrew W.Mellon and Collective Memory David O’Brien, Aramaean Emperor of Rome ! Kevin van ! Foundation Bladel, University of Southern California; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Member, School of Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies Nurit Tsafrir Medieval Islamic Law ! Tel Aviv University October 8 October 29 The Martin L. and Sarah F.Leibowitz Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! ! Membership The Prehistory of a Hindu Nationalist Hero William Hazlitt’s Metaphysical Discovery ! ! Jonathan Rée, Roehampton University; Cynthia Talbot,The University of Texas at Kevin van Bladel Member, School of Historical Studies Austin; Member, School of Historical Studies Classics and Arabic/Islamic Studies ! University of Southern California ! f October 9 October 30 Funding provided by The Herodotus Fund East Asian Studies Seminar The Theory and East Asian Studies Seminar ! The Xiangfen, ! Practice of Evidential Research: Qian Daxin Taosi Site:A Chinese Neolithic “Observatory”? ! Alexander Verlinsky David Pankenier, Lehigh University (1728–1804) and the Ars Critica in Qing

SCHOOLOFHISTORICALSTUDIES Classics,Ancient Philosophy ! St. Petersburg China ! Q. Edward Wang, Rowan State University ! s University Edwin C. and Elizabeth A.Whitehead Fellowship

22 November 5 November 29 Art History Seminar ! Tintoretto’s Semiotics of

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! Style ! Benjamin Paul, Rutgers,The State Arabic Historians and the Astrologers ! Kevin Recent Medieval Conferences in Interdisciplinary University of New Jersey van Bladel, University of Southern Perspective ! Richard Abels, United States California; Member, School of Historical Naval Academy,Annapolis, Maryland; December 13

Studies Member, School of Historical Studies ! History of Science Seminar ! The Real Issue ! Persis Berlekamp,The University of Ofer Gal, University of Sydney; Member, November 7 Chicago; Member, School of Historical School of Historical Studies

Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! Studies ! Giles Constable, Professor Monastic Liturgy and the Devil ! Susan Emeritus, School of Historical Studies December 17 Boynton, Columbia University; Member, Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! School of Historical Studies December 3 The Synagogue and the Civilizing Process of the

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Portuguese Jews of Amsterdam ! Yosef Kaplan, Early Modern and Nineteenth-Century North African Subjects in the Late Work of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem;

Historians Workshop ! Why Did Leibniz Come Delacroix ! David O’Brien, University of Member, School of Historical Studies to Study Hobbes and How Could theYoung Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Member,

Lawyer Get Interested in Infinitesimals? ! School of Historical Studies January 9 Ursula Goldenbaum, Emory University; Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! Member, School of Historical Studies December 5 Cosmology vs. Mythologization of the King in

Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! Ancient Mesopotamia ! Beate Pongratz-

Art History Seminar ! Icons’ Spirited Erotics ! The Thirteenth-Century “Bibles moralisées” in Leisten, Princeton University; Member, Glenn Peers,The University of Texas at Their Context ! Katharine Tachau,The School of Historical Studies Austin; Member, School of Historical Studies University of Iowa January 14

November 12 December 6 Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium !

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Film Screening ! Nathan the Wise ! Silent film Second Term Introductions Tang China’s Northern Borderlands: Historical produced by Manfred Noa in Germany in and Ecological Perspectives on Interactions with 1922 January 21

Inner Asia ! Jonathan Skaff, Shippensburg Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! University; Member, School of Historical December 7 What Does the Battle of Hastings Have to Do Studies Joint Art History and East Asian Studies with Pornography? The Borders of the Bayeux

Seminar ! Toyo and Dongyang; Japanese and Tapestry and the Meaning of Marginal Images ! November 13 Chinese Search for “Chinese Architecture” in the Peter Klein, Universität Tübingen; Member,

East Asian Studies Seminar ! Guilty of Writing of World Architectural History, 1890s to School of Historical Studies Indigence:The Urban Poor in China, 1940s ! Vimalin Rujivacharakul, 1900 –1951 ! Janet Y. Chen, Princeton University of Delaware January 22 University East Asian Studies Seminar ! In Search of December 10 Political Modernity: SunYat-Sen and Western

November 14 Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Social Sciences ! Margherita Zanasi, Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! On Religious and Political Affairs in the Circum- Louisiana State University; Member, School Rupa: Form, Embodiment, and Techniques in the Erythraean Area in the Beginning of the Sixth of Historical Studies

Hindavi Sufi Romances ! Aditya Behl, Century ! Witold Witakowski, Uppsala University of Pennsylvania; Member, School University; Member, School of Historical January 23 of Historical Studies Studies Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! Methods and Paradigms for Considering Marginal COLO ITRCLSTUDIES HISTORICAL OF SCHOOL November 19 December 11 Images in Medieval Art ! Peter Klein,

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! East Asian Studies Seminar ! Power through Universität Tübingen; Member, School of The “Pantheismusstreit” in Germany and Its Patronage: Interethnic Political Networking in Tang Historical Studies

Connection with the Public Debate on Jewish China ! Jonathan Skaff, Shippensburg Emancipation ! Ursula Goldenbaum, University; Member, School of Historical January 28 Emory University; Member, School of Studies Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Historical Studies Aristotle’s Physics in Context. Aristotle and the December 12 Aristotelian Tradition in Antiquity ! Andrea

November 26 Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! Falcon, Concordia University, Montreal; Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Image and Interpretation in the Floreffe Bible Member, School of Historical Studies The Ripple That Drowns:Twentieth-Century Frontispiece ! Anne-Marie Bouché, Famines as Economic History ! Cormac Ó Research Assistant, School of Historical January 30 Gráda, University College Dublin; Member, Studies Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! School of Historical Studies Beyond Rivers, Roots, and Branches: Rethinking Early Modern and Nineteenth-Century Literary History and Refiguring Philology with

November 28 Historians Workshop ! The Secret at Galileo’s Dante’s Vita nuova ! Martin Eisner, Duke Early Modern and Nineteenth-Century Trial ! Walter (Roy) Laird, Carleton University; Member, School of Historical Historians Workshop ! Creative University; Member, School of Historical Studies Misunderstandings? Chinese Medicine in Studies

Seventeenth-Century Europe ! Harold Cook, University College London; Member, School of Historical Studies 23 Art History Seminar ! The Civil War February 20 March 4

Monument of Valle de los Caídos and the Memory Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! East Asian Studies Seminar ! Sources for a Politics of the Franco Regime ! Peter Klein, Silent Music: Medieval Manuscripts and the History of Tibetan War Magic in the Sixteenth

Universität Tübingen; Member, School of Construction of History in Eighteenth-Century and Seventeenth Centuries ! Bryan Cuevas, Historical Studies Spain ! Susan Boynton, Columbia Florida State University; Member, School of University; Member, School of Historical Historical Studies January 31 Studies Sectarianism Seminar ! Sectarianism ! Avishai March 7

Margalit, George F.Kennan Professor, Eurasian Archaeology Conference: New History of Science Seminar ! The Renaissance School of Historical Studies Developments in Eurasian Archaeology from of Mechanics ! Walter (Roy) Laird, Carleton Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Transbaikalia ! Asian University; Member, School of Historical February 1 Features in a Royal Sarmatian Grave in the Studies

Ancient Studies Seminar ! Thessalos and the Ukraine (first century CE) ! Oleksander Magic of Empire: The Story of a Greek Doctor’s Symonenko, Institute of Archaeology, March 10

Discoveries in Egypt ! Ian Moyer, University National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! of Michigan; Member, School of Historical Member, School of Historical Studies ! New Aramaic and Greek Funerary Stelae from Studies Roman Soldiers in Bactria? Western Elements Umm al-Jimal:A Glimpse of Society and

in the Arms and Armor of Hellenistic Central Demography in Roman Arabia ! David Graf, February 4 Asia from Southern Uzbekistan (second century University of Miami; Member, School of

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! BCE) ! Valery Nikonorov, Russian Academy Historical Studies

The Shaping of the Divine and Divine Agency in of Sciences ! A Xiongnu Royal Burial Complex Mesopotamia ! Beate Pongratz-Leisten, in Transbaikalia (first century CE) ! Sergey March 12 Princeton University; Member, School of Minyaev, Russian Academy of Sciences; Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies A Long Transformation of Meaning: Judas’s Avarice and the Representation of “Ordinary”

February 6 History of Science/Ancient Studies Seminar ! People’s Untrustworthiness ! Giacomo History of Science Seminar ! Test Objects for Methodological Problems in the History of the Todeschini, Università degli Studi di Trieste;

Microscopes and the Problem of Epistemic Body ! Brooke Holmes, Princeton Member, School of Historical Studies Iteration ! Jutta Schickore, Indiana University; Member, School of Historical

University; Member, School of Historical Studies History of Science/Ancient Studies Seminar ! Studies The Pre-History of the Commentary Tradition:

Art History Seminar ! Perspective, Space, and Aristotelianism in the First Century BCE ! February 11 Meaning in Donatello’s Reliefs for the Santo in Andrea Falcon, Concordia University,

Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Padua ! David Drogin, Fashion Institute of Montreal; Member, School of Historical Adolf Hitler, the Men of the List Regiment, and Technology, State University of New York Studies the First WorldWar ! Thomas Weber,

University of Pennsylvania; Member, School February 25 Art History Seminar ! Silent Dialogues: of Historical Studies Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Text/Image Genres and Communication (in Vipers,Venom, and theVagaries of Experimentation ! Medieval and Modern Art) ! Anne-Marie February 13 Jutta Schickore, Indiana University; Bouché, Research Assistant, School of Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! Member, School of Historical Studies Historical Studies Paradigms and Methods in Early Medieval

Studies:The Making of a Book ! Celia February 27 March 17

Chazelle,The College of New Jersey Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Vestiges of Irish Influence in Iceland ! Jens Ulff- The Frontiers of Greek Cities and the Legal East Asian Studies Seminar ! Art and Ritual: Møller, Independent Scholar Status of the Border Areas ! Denis Rousset, Princess Tombs and the Funerary Procession in École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris; Tang China, 643–706 AD ! Chao-Hui February 28 Member, School of Historical Studies

Jenny Liu, New York University Sectarianism Seminar ! Positive Exclusion? Modern Sectarianism from an Ancient Perspective ! March 18 Ancient Studies Seminar ! The Growth of Barbara Kowalzig, Royal Holloway, Sectarianism Seminar ! The Shiah ! Nurit Roman Land Ownership in the Early Republic ! University of London; Member, School of Tsafrir,Tel Aviv University; Member, School Luigi Capogrossi Colognesi, Università Historical Studies of Historical Studies degli Studi di Roma, La Sapienza;Visitor, School of Historical Studies February 29 March 19

Ancient Studies Seminar ! The Languages of Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium ! Sectarianism Seminar ! Was the Holy Grail a Jesus ! Witold Witakowski, Uppsala Averroism and the Conversion of Jews to Stone Cup? ! Jodi Magness, University of University; Member, School of Historical Christianity in Late Medieval Spain ! Yosef North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Member, Studies Kaplan,The Hebrew University of School of Historical Studies Jerusalem; Member, School of Historical March 3 Studies

February 16 Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium !

SCHOOLOFHISTORICALSTUDIES Islamicist Seminar ! Bilingualism in the Pre- Cultural Representations of Warfare in the High Islamic Near East ! David Graf, University of Middle Ages: Joinville’s Life of St. Louis and the

Miami; Member, School of Historical Studies Morgan Picture Bible ! Richard Abels, United States Naval Academy,Annapolis, Maryland; Member, School of Historical 24 Studies SCHOOLOFHISTORICALSTUDIES 25 , ! , ! ! , , Guy Martin ! , Royal I Remember a Nenad Filipovic Samer, Akkach Shahab Ahmed ! ! ! Two Seventeenth- Not Quite a Radical Moti Feingold ! Radical Enlightenment ! ! Radical Views of Islam in Noel Malcolm ! ! ! , University of Florence Danielle, Jacquart École Kevin van Bladel, Jonathan, Israel Professor, ! ! Divine Erotics: Islam and the From al-Qarafi to Henry Stubbe: The Legacy of Historical Astrology: ! Was Ibn Rushd an Averroist? Anna, Akasoy University The Idea of Spontaneous ! ! ! ! ,The Hebrew University of Galen, ar-Razi, and Pietro d’Abano ! ! Yosef Kaplan,The Hebrew ! ! Justin Champion ! University of Jerusalem; Member, School of Historical Studies Century Ottoman Heretics of Oxford School of Historical Studies April 23 Islamic Freethinking and Western Radicalism Conference Generation among Islamic and Latin Thinkers Stroumsa Jerusalem University of Oxford Mahometan Story of Ahmed benand Edris’: the Islam Freethinking Challenge fromToland Stubbe to Hypnerotomachia Poliphili Anti-Pauline Arguments, Islam, and Socinianism Praeadamites, Horoscopes of Religion, and Natural Prophecy from Eighth-Century Iran toCentury Eighteenth- Europe and the Structure of ItsCivilization, Theories Islam, and about Arab Islamic Freethinking (1690 –1790) olwy UniversityHolloway, of London Martin, Mulsow Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey Paola Zambelli “Averroism” and Skepticism in theDiaspora Judeoconverso on Human Soul The Problem, the Debate, andImplications its Philosophical the Early Modern Period: HeterodoxOrthodox Arguments Uses of Enlightenment: Islam and Erudite CultureEarly in Modern England University of Adelaide Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris April 22 Islamic Freethinking and Western Radicalism Conference University of Southern California; Member, School of Historical Studies, and ,Mulsow Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey California Institute of Technology April 24 Islamic Freethinking and Western Radicalism Conference Orientalism and the Enlightenment Princeton University and Harvard University ! ! ! ! , St. 87) ! ! , Princeton William The British- Homeland ! ! , University of ! Sarah Patricia, Crone , Independent ! ! Raumbild as Aporia 1350 , Louisiana State ! Rival Eyewitness Accounts The Islamic Background to ! ! Alexander Verlinsky David, Howell Princeton Brooke Holmes, Princeton , United States Naval ! ! ! Introduction ! ,The Hebrew University of The Three Impostors in Medieval Christopher Heuer ! From Mohammedis Imposturae to the ! Thomas Gruber ! Jens Ulff-Møller ! ! April 16 Art History Seminar Scholar the Three Impostors’Theme April 1 East Asian Studies Seminar University; Member, School of Historical Studies of the Surrender of Jerusalem to Saladin (11 Icelandic Long Hundred Counting SystemDescribed as in an Icelandic Arithmetic1736 Treatise from Andrew W.Mellon Professor, School of Historical Studies Ancient Studies/History of Science Seminar ,VanderbiltCaferro University; Member, School of Historical Studies March 31 Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium Petersburg State University; Member, School of Historical Studies Richard Abels April 21 Islamic Freethinking and Western Radicalism Conference Academy,Annapolis, Maryland;Visitor, School of Historical Studies Stroumsa Jerusalem Medical Analogy and the EthicsClassical of Greece Care in Aristotle on the OriginEgypt of Theoretical (Metaphysics A Sciences 1, in 2):Locus Some Classicus Difficulties of a Petrarch’sWar and the Meaning of(Military) Wages, 1349– Florentine Margherita Zanasi March 26 Medieval Table Lunchtime Colloquium March 24 Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium Virtue, Profit, and the Market:Thought Chinese from Economic Wang Fuzhi to Adam Smith University; Member, School of Historical Studies Europe (Architectural Representation in Nederlandish Painting) April 4 History of Science Seminar University;Visitor, School of Historical Studies Security: Preparing for Foreign InvasionTokugawa Japan in Late De Tribus Impostoribus: Early Modern Oxford April 17 Islamicist Seminar University ANDREA KANE The School of Mathematics

Faculty Enrico Bombieri, IBM von Neumann Professor Jean Bourgain Phillip A. Griffiths Robert MacPherson, Hermann Weyl Professor Peter Sarnak Thomas Spencer Vladimir Voevodsky Avi Wigderson, Herbert H. Maass Professor

Professors Emeriti Pierre Deligne (from 1/1/2008) Robert P.Langlands Atle Selberg (deceased 8/6/2007)

he School of Mathematics held two special programs in the 2007–08 academic year, “Arithmetic TCombinatorics” and “New Connections of RepresentationTheory to Algebraic Geometry and Physics.” ARITHMETIC COMBINATORICS This program was organized by Professor Jean Bourgain and Member Van Vu of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. The main activity was concentrated in the first term. Combinatorics is concerned with counting problems, and the theorems in the subject typically do not assume much structure and apply quite generally.Arithmetic is concerned with algebraic operations on the integers or in finite fields and is usually a very structured study. There have been a number of striking results proven in recent years that are based on the interplay between these topics, and this has resulted in a flurry of activ- MATHEMATICS OF SCHOOL ity. One of the goals of the short program was to clarify and exploit these developments. A quintessential example of a basic and powerful theorem in arithmetic combinatorics is the “Sum Product Theorem” of Bourgain-Katz and Terence Tao. It is an elementary but fundamental quantitative combinatorial fact about the mixing of the additive and multiplicative structures of a finite field. For a prime number p, let Fp be the finite field with p elements. This is the set of numbers 0,1, 2, . . . , p–1. The operations addition + and multiplication x are defined on Fp as the usual addition and multiplication, keeping only the remainder when dividing by p, so that the answer falls back into the original set 0,1, 2, . . .,p–1. Now we state:

The Sum ProductTheorem. Given e>0 there is a d>0 such that for p large and any A any subset of Fp whose cardinality,|A|, is at most p (1–e), either |A · A|or |A+A| is larger than |A|1+d, where A · A is the set of all x · y with x and y in A and similarly A+A is the set of all x + y with x and y in A.

In words, if the size of a subset A of Fp doesn’t grow under multiplying pairs of elements then it will do so under adding them and vice versa. 27 28 SCHOOLOFMATHEMATICS

C. J. MOZZOCHI n arithmetic. and combinatorics between based interplay are the that on years recent in have proven results been striking of number a in which field a combinatorics, arithmetic program on special a organized (right) Vu Member Van and (left) Bourgain Jean Professor aebe eurn oi in topic recurrent a been have o oeyasnwexpanders now years some For obntrc n complexity and combinatorics ihPoesrWgesnand Wigderson Professor with pligte opolm in problems to them applying iiigPoesrNg Alon Noga Professor Visiting rbesi ubrtheory. number in problems h colo Mathematics, of School the n rfso ankto Sarnak Professor and hsseilpormwsognzdb ebrRmnBzuankvof Bezrukavnikov Roman Member by organized was program special This G Professor Maass H. Herbert with Mathematics, recur- of a been School have AviWigderson who the expanders this now in experts years to topic many some rent For door the term. the the Member among for opening were present and Helfgott were Helfgott Harald Bourgain and Member Gamburd by by development. conjec- work groups proof the finite the in and ture” “expanders Lubotzky’s included Alex of mini-courses These Gamburd and Alexander term. seminars of the Many the theory. in group presented during were to applications recently striking most theory, these number and algebra, science, to and computer as ProductTheorem such Sum theoretical applications, the wide that have surprising generalizations not its is it nature, basic its Given oiMn gyn ee ank osfSlms,Bnai Sudakov, Laba, N Benjamin Izabella Solymosi, Kra, Wigderson. Jozsef Avi and Bryna Szemerédi, Sarnak, Endre Peter Konyagin, Ben Nguyen, Sergei Granville, by Andrew Hoai-Minh Kontorovich, Costello, given Alex were Kevin Breuillard, Lectures Green, three- Emmanuel a combinatorics. Bilu, organized additive Vu Yuri and on Sarnak, Bourgain, mini-conference program day the a end breakthroughs, term. the new Toward the during of made applications were which varied attended, of well about number especially discussions were lively afternoons mini-course. Vu’s Van Tuesday with zero-one on of seminars with topic weekly the matrices The was This random size. large of of and progres- to singularity) applications entries arithmetic (e.g. combinatorial long with properties concerned arbitrary algebraic was contain topic “hot” numbers third about which prime results sions.A theorem, Green-Tao similar the the is and that application density asserts an positive such of of arithmetic example integers about primes.An of theorems com- sets and Szemerédi-type theoretic in of ergodic progressions proofs of in applications that the methods is combinatorics binatorial program arithmetic the in to central topic was active very Another theory. number ncmiaoisadcmlxt n Professor and complexity and combinatorics in OER AND EOMETRY EW C NETOSOF ONNECTIONS nVstn rfso oaAo pligte oproblems to them applying Alon Noga Professor andVisiting P HYSICS R EPRESENTATION oigfields. connections neighboring of and theory web representation between rich further the from derived expanding be to impor- are that insights suggests tant subject the of whole basic history the Thus physics. the- understanding quantum number and algebra, ory, to in interest of key objects cen- symmetries the twentieth of holds structure and the nineteenth the turies—that the to discoveries of major due through is con- fact—realized in mathematics role algebraic a Its temporary studies symmetries. that formally of structure algebra is of branch theory Representation Technology. of Institute Massachusetts the T ER TO HEORY ee Sarnak Peter A LGEBRAIC opolm in problems to iiat frcn n urn eerhrsls nyasml a be can sample a Only results. research current par- and informed here. speakers described recent invited and of Members,Visitors, ticipants by near talks the Seminar in (2) appear to and expected Ben-Zvi are David Members applications future. of more so-called work Many new the Nadler. in in the David on applications groups major geometry, real mini-course found of already a representations have algebraic These formed geometry. of algebraic Toen derived Bertrand foundations and short-term homotopy-theoretic and Lurie Barwick Clark Jacob Member by visitors delivered lectures Gukov of seminars. Members series other Institute a in Also, by reported research were of and subject Stroppel of the Catharina part and are This theory. was which theo- Khovanov representation of invariants Mikhail with some knot ry, the intersections of many categorical has creators on topology the low-dimensional mini-course of one a by semester given second the In cor- Langlands geometric to introduction theory. year.respondence an provided the seminar in later fall lit- Another seminars physics other the in in seminars results discussed back- The were recent semester. the the that to understand erature fall to mathematicians Duiliu-Emanuel the necessary introducing of material of of ground whole by task the difficult (led the for participation accomplished mathematicians ran Andrew Member the others) to Sciences and Natural Neitzke, theory with of School field Douglas, Gukov, Michael Diaconescu, quantum Sergei in of pre- experts Member seminars basics introduce Two subjects. to the other given of senting were fundamentals mini-course to a theory representation and lectures categories. Several three into (1) classified be can activity Year Special The directions. new the of goal The represen- of invariants numerical of study the tations. for tools as geometry algebraic deep other and use cohomology Y. to quantum way Kontsevich, a opens which M. Soibelman), and Bridgeland, interpretation al.) (T. et algebro-geometric Moore, its G. Douglas, (by M. theory field quantum in formalism wall-crossing duality; Langlands geometric including to B. applications theory their representation Lurie, and J. al.) et (by Toen, new geometry of theory al.), algebraic foundations et gauge Witten, homotopy-theoretic of Kapustin, terms Langlands (by in geometric duality of interpretation the include: examples Notable lately. discovered been have kind this connections of new conceptually Some pca Year Special a oepoeadavneteeadother and these advance and explore to was hoy n unu physics. quantum and theory, number algebra, in interest of objects basic to understanding key the holds symmetries of structure the centuries––that twentieth and nineteenth the of discoveries major through fact––realized the to due is mathematics contemporary in role Its symmetries. of structure algebraic studies that algebra of branch a formally is theory Representation copihdtedfiutts fintroduc- of task difficult the accomplished eetrslsi h hsc ieauethat literature physics the in results recent ihSho fNtrlSine Member Sciences Natural of School with nrwNize h atcptdi the in participated who Neitzke, Andrew hoyt ahmtcasTeseminars mathematicians.The to theory rfso mrtsPer ein (left) Deligne Pierre Emeritus Professor n ahmtcast h background the to mathematicians ing rsne h aiso unu field quantum of basics the presented aeilncsayt nesadthe understand to necessary material colo ahmtc eiasthat seminars Mathematics of School eedsusdltri h year. the in later discussed were

ANDREA KANE

29 COLO MATHEMATICS OF SCHOOL A seminar on instanton counting was organized by Member Hiraku Nakajima. This is one of the mathematical incarnations of Seiberg-Witten theory, providing powerful identities between Gromov-Witten invariants. The approach of Member Alexander Braverman links this to deep represen- Regular discussions of Professor tation theory. Witten and his coauthors, Members Braverman and Michael Finkelberg gave talks about “classical” and School of Natural Sciences geometric versions of representation theory of affine Kac-Moody groups Member Davide Gaiotto and over a local field, mostly due to them. This is one of the approaches to School of Mathematics Member building the two-dimensional version of geometric Langlands duality. The Sergei Gukov, with the special- analogues of basic facts of the one-dimensional theory present rather difficult and beautiful problems resolved mostly by these authors. year participants, especially with School of Mathematics Another series of talks was devoted to wall-crossing phenomena and the Members David Ben-Zvi and related formalism of stability conditions on derived categories by short-term visitor Tom Bridgeland. Most of the talks were given by Member Valerio David Nadler, have led to Toledano Laredo, who is collaborating with Bridgeland on the exciting con- important new ideas, e.g., a nection of this formalism to Stokes phenomenon for ordinary differential physical context for under- equations.This theory is expected to provide the necessary tool for extend- standing Koszul duality. ing the established classical results of representation theory,such as Kazhdan- Lusztig theory,to a much wider context. Ramification and developments of this topic were discussed in the conference talks by Bridgeland, Andrei Okounkov, and Yan Soibelman. Last but not least, the discussion of results from physical literature culminated in a series of talks by Edward Witten, Charles Simonyi Professor in the School of Natural Sciences, explaining the ideas of his ongoing project with School of Natural Sciences Member Davide Gaiotto. There the spaces familiar in representation theory arise as spaces of vacua of certain quantum field theory and Langlands duality appears as a duality of boundary conditions in Yang-Mills theory. (3) Collaborations between participants and individual work have led to important new results.Again only a sample can be listed here. Regular discussions of Witten and his coauthors Gaiotto and Gukov with School of Natural Sciences Professor the special-year participants, especially with Ben-Zvi and Nadler, have led Edward Witten gave a series of talks that to important new ideas, e.g., a physical context for understanding Koszul explained how spaces familiar in representation theory arise as spaces of vacua of cer- duality. tain quantum field theory and Langlands duality appears as a duality of boundary Ben-Zvi and Nadler have also made substantial progress in their project of conditions inYang-Mills theory. applying homotopy techniques of Lurie,Toen,et al., as well as ideas of topo- SCHOOLOFMATHEMATICS

30 PHOTOS CLIFF MOORE O Vezzosi. Bertrand Gabriele Stroppel, and Nadler, Catharina Toen, Soibelman, Yan David Seidel, Paul Lurie, Schiffman, Olivier Jacob Rouquier, Raphael Keller, Polishchuk, Orlov,Alexander Okounkov, Dmitry Bernard Andrei Kamnitzer, Joel Daniel Goncharov, Huybrechts, Gaitsgory,Alexander Dennis Auroux,Tom Costello, Denis Kevin were Bridgeland, speakers “Algebro-Geometric Applications.The on and held Categories was conference Derived one-week a Richard spring, the Shatashvili, During Samson Gregory Saulina, Sciences), Witten. Edward and Natural Natalia Laredo, Toledano Thomas,Valerio Nakajima, of School Hiraku (Professor, Moore, Andre Maldacena Liu, Melissa Juan Khovanov, Losev, Mikhail Kapustin, Michael Anton Kapranov, Gukov, Braverman, Sergei Mikhail Ginzburg, Gaitsgory,Victor Alexander Dennis Boalch, Frenkel, Edward Philip on Douglas, held Ben-Zvi, Alexander was were David conference speakers one-week Beilinson, Theory.”The a Representation fall, and the Theory during program, “Gauge this of part conjectures As new beautiful to invariants. led knot has algebro-geometric exchange Nakajima on the and and Gukov Witten, between with paper ideas a of written has Gukov duality physicist Member Langlands Witten. to and corresponding Gaiotto the one of to related the paper closely as the on Webster’s, be by duality physical to of on of out work type turns results Another varieties, same knot fibers. hypertoric Khovanov’s nice for Springer Mikhail duality of produced Koszul Member geometry of has to relation Stroppel invariants also and colleague closely sheaves be Braverman, Whittaker senior Benjamin Member to Members postdoctoral with out of Webster collaboration with turned extensive work his.An discussions condi- to whose stability Rybnikov, related held Bridgeland’s Leonid via also and plane Finkelberg, has the on Okounkov points cohomology tions. of quantum to schemes relation Hilbert close of their uncovers double algebras Princeton of Hecke affine representations of modular Okounkov on University with work Bezrukavnikov’s groups. upcoming unipotent on charac- sheaves on ter Drinfeld) who Boyarchenko, withVladimir (jointly Dmitriy works Member discus- with on from sions sheaves benefited They character groups. of semi-simple to approach theory new Lusztig’s a George on Ostrik Finkelberg Victor Member with and collaborated has Bezrukavnikov sta- conditions. Bridgeland bility and important phenomenon (joint an Stokes on in Laredo paper culminated Toledano has Member Bridgeland) with of work The theory. representation to theory field logical o.Drn i os etrs ui icse plctoso homotopy of applications discussed visi- Lurie short-term lectures, a Representation Morse as of his program Physics” Connections During of and tor. “New Geometry Lurie the Algebraic Jacob to in by Theory delivered participated were also Lectures who Memorial MIT, Morse Marston The THER A CTIVITIES eieighsFclylcueo “Solutions on lecture Faculty his delivering oEutosi nees tteIsiuein Institute the at Integers” in Equations to ac,wseetdt ebrhpi the in membership to elected was March, rfso ee ank hw here shown Sarnak, Peter Professor mrcnPioohclSociety. Philosophical American

CLIFF MOORE

31 COLO MATHEMATICS OF SCHOOL techniques to topological ﬁeld theories. During the fall term, Bao-Châu Ngô delivered a series of lectures presenting his newly completed proof of the Fundamental Lemma, a conjecture of Langlands and Shelstad. The methods of Ngô are closely related to some ideas that also arose in the special program “New Connections of Representation Theory to Algebraic Geometry and Physics.” As always, during the year there were active seminars on other subjects. The Computer Science and Discrete Mathematics seminar of Wigderson and Visiting Professors Alon, Russell Impagliazzo, and Alexander Razborov met twice per week. The seminar on number theory (joint with Rutgers and Princeton University) met weekly. In January, a memorial conference was held in honor of Professor Emeritus Atle Selberg. Speakers included James Arthur, Nils Baas, IBM von Neumann Professor Enrico Bombieri, Brian Conrey, John Friedlander, Director Peter Goddard, Dorian Goldfeld, Dennis Hejhal, Erik Hjorth- Hansen, Henryk Iwaniec, Professor Emeritus Robert P. Langlands, Professor Sarnak, Betty Compton Selberg, Ingrid Selberg, Lars Selberg, Kannan Soundararajan, and Kai-Man Tsang. Professor Emeritus Pierre Deligne and Professor Phillip A. Griffiths received the 2008 Wolf prize, jointly with David Mumford. In addition, Deligne, who became Professor Emeritus in January, was awarded a Belgian Former Member Dennis Hejhal (left) Viscountship, and a Belgian postage stamp was issued in his honor. spoke at the memorial conference in honor of Professor Emeritus Atle Selberg Professor Sarnak was elected to membership in the American Philosophical in January; a tea in honor of Selberg’s Society. ninetieth birthday was held at the Institute in June 2007 (center); Selberg (right), Professor Bombieri was awarded the 2008 Doob Prize of the American pictured in Fuld Hall, first came to the Mathematical Society, jointly with his coauthor Walter Gubler, for the book Institute in 1947, knew seven of the Institute’s eight Directors (missing only Heights in Diophantine Geometry. founding Director Abraham Flexner), and ranks among the great figures in the Northwestern University held a conference, “Current Developments and Institute’s history. Directions in the Langlands Program,”in honor of Professor Langlands in May. SCHOOLOFMATHEMATICS ANDREA KANE 32 PHOTOS DINAH KAZAKOFF MEMBERSAND Brent Doran Atsushi Ichino Geometric Invariant Theory ! Institute for Automorphic Forms ! Osaka City University VISITORS Advanced Study Russell Impagliazzo Barbara Fantechi Computational Complexity University of Adi Akavia ! Quantum Cohomology Scuola Internazionale California, San Diego vp Complexity, Coding Theory Massachusetts ! ! ! Superiore di Studi Avanzati,Trieste, Italy s Funding provided by The Charles Simonyi Institute of Technology ! Endowment Funding provided by the State of New Jersey Michael Finkelberg Quantum Groups Independent University of Yukari Ito Daniel Allcock ! Moscow s Algebraic Geometry Nagoya University Discrete Groups,Algebraic Geometry The ! ! ! Funding provided by The Oswald Veblen Fund University of Texas at Austin s ! Juhi Jang Funding provided by the Friends of the Institute Alexander Gamburd Fluid Mechanics, Kinetic Theory Brown for Advanced Study ! Arithmetic Combinatorics ! University of University California, Santa Cruz vnecf Noga Alon ! Tali Kaufman Combinatorics ! Tel Aviv University ! vp, s Jayce R. Getz Algorithms ! Institute for Advanced Study Number Theory University of Wisconsin– Clark Barwick ! Madison ! vri Dubi Kelmer Homotopical Algebraic Geometry ! University of Number Theory, Quantum Chaos ! Tel Aviv Oslo v, f • s ! Alexey Glibichuk University Sum-Product Estimates Lomonosov Moscow Dmitri Beliaev ! State University ! f Mikhail Khovanov Function Theory ! Institute for Advanced Geometric Representation Theory ! Columbia Study ! vri Lothar Goettsche University ! vnecf Algebraic Geometry, Mathematical Physics The David Ben-Zvi ! Abdus Salam International Centre for Rowan Killip Geometric Langlands Program The University ! Theoretical Physics, Israel s Spectral Theory, Random Matrices Institute for of Texas at Austin s ! ! ! Funding provided by The Oswald Veblen Fund Advanced Study Roman Bezrukavnikov William Goldman Sergei Konyagin Representation Theory, D-modules ! Moduli Spaces University of Maryland s Harmonic Analysis Lomonosov Moscow State Massachusetts Institute of Technology ! ! ! Funding provided by The Oswald Veblen Fund University f Funding provided by The Ambrose Monell ! Funding provided by The Oswald Veblen Fund Foundation;The Bell Companies Fellowship; Mark Goresky The James D. Wolfensohn Fund; and Geometry,Automorphic Forms Institute for Dong Li The Oswald Veblen Fund ! Advanced Study Mathematical Physics, Fluid Dynamics ! Institute for Advanced Study Philip Boalch Andrew Granville Moduli Spaces of Meromorphic Connections ! Analytic Number Theory ! Université de Elon Lindenstrauss École Normale Supérieure, Paris ! f Montréal ! f Ergodic Theory ! Princeton University ! f Funding provided by The Charles Simonyi Dmitriy Boyarchenko Endowment Alina Marian Character Sheaves for Unipotent Groups The ! Algebraic Geometry, Representation Theory Yale University of Chicago s ! ! Ben Green University Arithmetic Combinatorics Centre for Alexander Braverman ! Mathematical Sciences, University of William Massey Representation Theory,Algebraic Geometry !

Cambridge f Dynamical Queueing Systems Princeton MATHEMATICS OF SCHOOL Brown University s ! ! ! University Sergei Gukov Emmanuel Breuillard Representation Theory, Geometry, Physics ! Kevin McGerty Ergodic Theory, Number Theory ! École University of California, Santa Barbara Modular Representation Theory, Geometry ! Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France ! f Imperial College London ! s Venkatesan Guruswami Xi Chen Theory of Computation University of Emanuel Milman Game Theory, Complexity Theory Tsinghua ! ! Washington Asymptotic Geometric Analysis Weizmann University ! Institute of Science Funding provided by the State of New Jersey Nir Halman Optimization, Stochastic Programming Institute Ivan Mirkovic Kevin Costello ! for Advanced Study v Group Representations University of Combinatorics, Discrete Probability Rutgers, ! ! ! Massachusetts The State University of New Jersey Harald Helfgott Funding provided by The Ellentuck Fund Funding provided by the State of New Jersey Linear Algebraic Groups ! University of Bristol ! f Sophie Morel Ciprian Demeter Michael Hochman Shimura Varieties Institute for Advanced Ergodic Theory, Harmonic Analysis University ! ! Dynamical Systems The Hebrew University Study of California, Los Angeles ! of Jerusalem, Israel ! vri 33 David Nadler Olivier Schiffmann Benjamin Webster

Representation Theory,Algebraic Geometry, Geometric Representation Theory ! École Representation Theory, Field Theory ! University Physics ! Northwestern University ! s Normale Supérieure, Paris ! s of California, Berkeley Funding provided by the Friends of the Institute Hiraku Nakajima for Advanced Study Andrew Wiles

Geometry, Representation Theory ! Kyoto Algebraic Number Theory ! Princeton University Sug Woo Shin University ! v Funding provided by the Friends of the Institute Number Theory, Shimura Varieties ! Harvard for Advanced Study University Julia Wolf

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Additive Combinatorics ! Lehman College,The Number Theory, Ergodic Theory ! Lomonosov City University of New York ! v, f Moscow State University ! f Sergey Yekhanin Complexity Theory ! Massachusetts Institute of Bao Châu Ngô Lior Silberman Technology

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Representation Theory ! University of Dmitry Orlov Glasgow ! vnecf f First Term ! s Second Term ! v Visitor ! Mirror Symmetry ! Steklov Mathematical Funding provided by the Minerva Research vnecf von Neumann Early Career Fellow ! Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences ! s Foundation vp Visiting Professor ! vri Veblen Research Funding provided by The Oswald Veblen Fund Instructorship Benjamin Sudakov

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Advanced Study ! vp Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members ! Parallel Luca Trevisan Repetition in Multiplayer Interactive Proofs ! Simon Riche Computational Complexity ! University of Anup Rao,The University of Texas at

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Algebraic Geometry ! The University of Computer Science/Discrete Math II !

SCHOOLOFMATHEMATICS Tom Sanders Chicago ! s Hardness of Solving Sparse Overdetermined Linear

Additive Combinatorics ! University of Systems ! Venkatesan Guruswami, Cambridge Van Vu University of Washington; Member, School Combinatorics ! Rutgers,The State University of Mathematics of New Jersey ! f 34 Funding by The Charles Simonyi Endowment Arithmetic Combinatorics ! Applications of Multi-Dimensional Generalizations of Szemerédi’s Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! On the Quadratic Fourier Analysis ! Tim Gowers, Theorem ! Ilya Shkredov, Lomonosov Periods of Automorphic Forms on Special University of Cambridge Moscow State University; Member, School of Orthogonal Groups and the Gross-Prasad

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Functions ! Angus MacIntyre, University Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! to Algebraic Geometry and Physics ! Instanton of London Unbounded-Error Communication Complexity of Counting and Knot Invariants ! Hiraku Symmetric Functions ! Alexander Sherstov, Nakajima, Kyoto University; Member, September 26 The University of Texas at Austin School of Mathematics

Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members ! Quantization of Maximal Poisson-Commutative New Connections of Representation Theory Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members ! Subalgebras ! Leonid Rybnikov,Alikhanov to Algebraic Geometry and Physics ! Dynamics of Gaseous Stars ! Juhi Jang, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Geometric Langlands Duality ! Roman Brown University; Member, School of n Physics; Member, School of Mathematics ! Bezrukavnikov, Massachusetts Institute of Mathematics ! On Subsets of Fq with No Algebras Associated to Hyperkähler Quotients ! Technology; Member, School of Mathematics Short Linear Dependencies ! Sergey Benjamin Webster, University of Yekhanin, Massachusetts Institute of

California, Berkeley; Member, School of Arithmetic Combinatorics ! Difference Sets and Technology; Member, School of Mathematics ! Growth of Linear Groups ! the Primes ! Tom Sanders, University of Mathematics ! Invariance, Few Orbits, and Emmanuel Breuillard, École Cambridge; Member, School of Mathematics Property Testing ! Tali Kaufman, Member, Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France; Member, School of Mathematics ! Finite Time School of Mathematics New Connections of Representation Theory Singularities in Generalized Quasi-Geostrophic

to Algebraic Geometry and Physics ! Modules and Related Models ! Dong Li, Member, September 27 over Affine Lie Algebras and Their Fusion ! School of Mathematics ! Error Correcting Codes Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Hilbert Victor Ostrik, University of Oregon; for the Group Z_N ! Adi Akavia, Modular Generating Series with Coefficients in Member, School of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology;

Intersection Homology ! Jayce Getz, Princeton Member, School of Mathematics ! Would University October 3 “The Idempotent Theorem” Do? ! Tom New Connections of Representation Theory Sanders, University of Cambridge; Member,

September 28 to Algebraic Geometry and Physics ! Yang- School of Mathematics ! Nonlinear Schrodinger New Connections of Representation Theory Mills Theory for Mathematicians ! Sergei Equations ! Monica Visan, Member, School to Algebraic Geometry and Physics ! Instanton Gukov, University of California, Santa of Mathematics ! On the Illposedness and Counting and Knot Invariants ! Hiraku Barbara; Member, School of Mathematics Blowup for Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation ! Nakajima, Kyoto University; Member, Xiaoyi Zhang,Academy of Mathematics

School of Mathematics Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members ! Partial and Systems Sciences, Chinese Academy of Differential Equations on Derived Geometric Sciences, Beijing; Member, School of

New Connections of Representation Theory Stacks ! Clark Barwick, University of Oslo; Mathematics to Algebraic Geometry and Physics ! Visitor, School of Mathematics ! Theta Background toYang-MillsTheory for Dualities on Moduli Spaces of Sheaves ! Alina October 8 Mathematicians ! Ivan Mirkovic, University Marian,Yale University; Member, School of Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Erdos- of Massachusetts; Member, School of Mathematics ! Pointwise Convergence of Renyi Phase Transition ! Joel Spencer, New Mathematics Multilinear Averages in Ergodic Theory ! Ciprian York University Demeter, University of California, Los

October 1 Angeles; Member, School of Mathematics ! October 9

Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! The Additive Properties of Product Sets in Fields of Geometric Langlands ! Geometric Satake Pattern Matrix Method for Lower Bounds on Prime Order ! Alexey Glibichuk, Isomorphism and Whittaker Model ! Roman

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Groups ! Alireza Salehi Golsefidy, New Connections of Representation Member, School of Mathematics ! Theory to Algebraic Geometry and Representations and Fusion ! Fusion for Affine Nonvanishing Mod P of Eisenstein Series ! Physics ! Background toYang-MillsTheory for Lie Algebra Modules and Quantum Groups ! Bei Zhang, Columbia University; Member, Mathematicians ! Ivan Mirkovic, University Victor Ostrik, University of Oregon; School of Mathematics ! Inverse Theorems for of Massachusetts; Member, School of Member, School of Mathematics Large Subsets of Sums of Dissociated Sets and Mathematics 35 October 10 Mini-Course ! Sum-Products Estimates and October 26

Yang-MillsTheory for Mathematicians ! Basic Applications ! Jean Bourgain, Professor, Instanton Counting and Knot Invariants ! Notions of Quantum Field Theory Illustrated on School of Mathematics Large N Open/Closed Duality in Topological

Toy Models ! Sergei Gukov, University of String Theory (continued) ! Andrew Neitzke, California, Santa Barbara; Member, School of October 18 Member, School of Natural Sciences Mathematics Fundamental Lemma ! Fundamental Lemma ! Bao Châu Ngô, Université Paris-Sud 11; October 29

Mini-Course ! Sum-Products Estimates and Member, School of Mathematics Representations and Fusion ! Introduction to Applications ! Jean Bourgain, Professor, Chiral Algebras (continued) ! Alexander School of Mathematics Mini-Course ! Inverse Theorems and Random Braverman, Brown University; Member, Matrices ! Van Vu, Rutgers,The State School of Mathematics October 11 University of New Jersey; Member, School

Fundamental Lemma ! Fundamental Lemma ! of Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Dense Bao Châu Ngô, Université Paris-Sud 11; Subsets of Pseudorandom Objects ! Luca Member, School of Mathematics Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Linear Trevisan, University of California, Berkeley; Equations in Primes ! Ben Green, University Member, School of Mathematics

Mini-Course ! Inverse Theorems and Random of Cambridge; Member, School of Matrices ! Van Vu, Rutgers,The State Mathematics October 30 University of New Jersey; Member, School of Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Mathematics October 19 Balancing Gaussian Vectors ! Kevin Costello, Instanton Counting and Knot Invariants ! Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey;

Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Counting Large N Open/Closed Duality in Topological Member, School of Mathematics Points on Igusa Varieties and Stabilization ! String Theory ! Andrew Neitzke, Member, Sug Woo Shin, Harvard University; School of Natural Sciences Arithmetic Combinatorics ! On the Property Member, School of Mathematics Testing of Hereditary Graph and Hypergraph

Background to Yang-MillsTheory for Properties ! Terence Tao, University of October 12 Mathematicians California, Los Angeles

Instanton Counting and Knot Invariants ! Chern-Simons Theory as String Theory ! October 22 Geometric Langlands Duality ! Hitchin Johannes Walcher, Member, School Representations and Fusion ! Introduction to Fibration and Langlands Duality ! Tony of Natural Sciences Chiral Algebras ! Alexander Braverman, Pantev, University of Pennsylvania Brown University; Member, School of Background to Yang-MillsTheory for Mathematics October 31

Mathematicians Yang-MillsTheory for Mathematicians ! Special Lecture ! Quantum Cohomology of Real Basic Notions of Bosonic 4DYang-MillsTheory ! October 15 Varieities ! Ozgur Ceyhan, Université de Michael Movshev, Stony Brook

Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Montréal University,The State University of New York Extractors and Rank Extractors for Polynomial

Sources ! Zeev Dvir, Weizmann Institute of October 23 Mini-Course ! Nilsequences in Additive Science Geometric Langlands Duality ! Whittaker Combinatorics (continued) ! Ben Green, Patterns in Global Unramified and Local Tamely University of Cambridge; Member, School October 16 Ramified Theories ! Roman Bezrukavnikov, of Mathematics

Geometric Langlands ! Whittaker Sheaves, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Quantum Groups, and Quantum Langlands Member, School of Mathematics November 1

Duality (after Gaitsgory and Lurie) ! Roman Fundamental Lemma ! Fundamental Lemma ! Bezrukavnikov, Massachusetts Institute of Arithmetic Combinatorics ! Polynomial Bao Châu Ngô, Université Paris-Sud 11; Technology; Member, School of Mathematics Progressions in Primes ! Tamar Ziegler, Member, School of Mathematics University of Michigan

Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Sparse Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Moments of Random Linear Codes Are Locally Decodable and October 24 Automorphic L-Functions, Spectral Identities, and

Testable ! Tali Kaufman, Member, School of Yang-MillsTheory for Mathematicians ! Subconvexity Bounds ! Paul Garrett, Mathematics Duality in Maxwell Theory (continued) ! University of Minnesota Andrew Neitzke, Member, School of

Arithmetic Combinatorics ! Problems in Natural Sciences November 2 Additive Number Theory ! Melvyn Instanton Counting and Knot Invariants ! Nathanson,The City University of New Mini-Course ! Nilsequences in Additive Instanton Counting ! Hiraku Nakajima, York;Member, School of Mathematics Combinatorics ! Ben Green, University of Kyoto University; Member, School of Cambridge; Member, School of Mathematics Mathematics

Representations and Fusion ! Vertex Operator

Algebras ! Victor Ostrik, University of October 25 November 5 Oregon; Member, School of Mathematics Fundamental Lemma ! Fundamental Lemma ! Yang-MillsTheory for Mathematicians ! Bao Châu Ngô, Université Paris-Sud 11; Basic Notions ofYang-MillsTheory (continued) !

SCHOOLOFMATHEMATICS October 17 Member, School of Mathematics Michael Movshev, Stony Brook University,

Yang-MillsTheory for Mathematicians ! The State University of New York Electromagnetic Duality in Abelian GaugeTheory ! Andrew Neitzke, Member, School of Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Markets Natural Sciences and the Primal-Dual Paradigm ! Vijay 36 Vazirani, Georgia Institute of Technology November 6 Special Talk ! Infinity Categories ! Clark November 26–30 Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Locally Barwick, University of Oslo;Visitor, School Conference on Gauge and Representation Decodable Codes from Nice Subsets of Finite of Mathematics Theory

Fields and Prime Factors of Mersenne Numbers ! Sergey Yekhanin, Massachusetts Institute of November 14 November 26

Technology; Member, School of Mathematics Instanton Counting ! TopologicalVertex (contin- Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! ued) ! Melissa Liu, Columbia University On Hardness of Learning Intersection of Two Arithmetic Cominatorics ! The Rank of Halfspaces ! Subhash Khot, Courant Symmetric Matrices ! Kevin Costello, Arithmetic Combinatorics ! Decompositions Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey; into Quadratic Phase Functions ! Julia Wolf, York University Member, School of Mathematics University of Cambridge; Member, School of Mathematics November 27

Geometric Langlands Duality ! Hitchin Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! The Fibration and Langlands Duality (continued) ! Special Lecture ! Rigid Differential Equations ! Approximation Complexity of Win-Lose Games ! Tony Pantev, University of Pennsylvania Dmitro Arinkin, University of North Xi Chen,Tsinghua University; Member, Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Mathematics November 8

Fundamental Lemma ! Fundamental Lemma ! November 15 Arithmetic Combinatorics ! Inverse Theorems Bao Châu Ngô, Université Paris-Sud 11; Fundamental Lemma ! Fundamental Lemma ! for Large Subsets of Sums of Dissociated Sets ! Member, School of Mathematics Bao Châu Ngô, Université Paris-Sud 11; Ilya Shkredov, Lomonosov Moscow State Member, School of Mathematics University; Member, School of Mathematics

Representations and Fusion ! Chiral Algebras via Ran Space ! Dmitro Arinkin, University Arithmetic Combinatorics Mini-Course ! November 29 of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Sum-Product Estimates and Expanders ! Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Algebraic Alexander Gamburd, University of Cycles and Exotic Heegner Points ! Kartik Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Modular California, Santa Cruz; von Neumann Early Prasanna, University of Maryland Forms and Calabi-YauVarieties ! Dinakar Career Fellow, School of Mathematics Ramakrishnan, California Institute of December 3

Technology Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Companion Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Forms for GSp(4) ! Jacques Tilouine, Expander Flows, Graph Spectra, and Graph November 9 Université Paris 13 Separators ! Umesh Vazirani, University of Instanton Counting and Knot Invariants ! California, Berkeley TopologicalVertex ! Melissa Liu, Columbia November 16 University Discussion Session December 4

Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Discussion Session November 19 Optimal Phylogenetic Reconstruction ! Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! On a Konstantinos Daskalakis, University of November 12 Network Creation Game ! Yishay Mansour, California, Berkeley Geometric Langlands Duality ! Quantum Tel Aviv University and Google Geometric Langlands Duality ! Dennis December 5 Gaitsgory, Harvard University Discussion Session for Yang-Mills ! Geometric Special Lecture ! Baxter Operators and Formulation of Basic Supersymmetry Formalism ! L-Functions ! Sergei Oblezin, Institute Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Pierre Deligne, Professor, School of of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Developments in Holographic Algorithms ! Mathematics Moscow Jin-Yi Cai, University of Wisconsin-Madison

November 20 Arithmetic Combinatorics ! Some Properties of Representations and Fusion ! A Conjectural Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Density Sum and Product Sets in Finite Fields ! Alexey Construction of Automorphic D-Modules via Theorems for Bipartite Graphs and Related Glibichuk, Lomonosov Moscow State

Spectral Projectors and a General Vanishing Ramsey-Type Results ! Benjamin Sudakov, University; Member, School of Mathematics MATHEMATICS OF SCHOOL Conjecture ! Dennis Gaitsgory, Harvard Princeton University; Member, School of University Mathematics Yang-MillsTheory for Mathematicians ! Ads/CFT Duality for Mathematicians ! Juan November 13 Yang-MillsTheory for Mathematicians ! Maldacena, Professor, School of Natural Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Supersymmetry inYang-MillsTheory and Sciences Applications of the Removal Lemma ! Jozsef TopologicalTwists ! Emanuel Diaconescu, Solymosi,The University of British Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey December 6

Columbia; Member, School of Mathematics Fundamental Lemma ! Fundamental Lemma ! Geometric Langlands Duality ! Yang-Mills Bao Châu Ngô, Université Paris-Sud 11; Yang-MillsTheory for Mathematicians ! Theory and Geometric Langlands Duality:An Member, School of Mathematics

Supersymmetry inYang-MillsTheory ! Emanuel Introduction ! Ivan Mirkovic, University of Diaconescu, Rutgers,The State University Massachusetts; Member, School of Geometric Langlands Duality ! Geometric of New Jersey Mathematics Endoscopy and Mirror Symmetry ! Edward Frenkel, University of California, Berkeley

Arithmetic Combinatorics ! Product Growth November 21 and Mixing in Finite Groups:Variations on a Representations and Fusion ! Chiral Hecke Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Heegner Theme of Gowers ! Laszlo Babai,The Algebras and Their Applications ! Alexander Divisors, L-Functions, and Harmonic Weak Maass University of Chicago Beilinson,The University of Chicago Forms ! Jan Bruinier,Technische Universität Darmstadt 37 December 7 January 21 February 1

Instanton Counting and Knot Invariants ! Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Noisy Special Lecture ! From Automorphic Sheaves Seiberg-Witten Curves ! Hiraku Nakajima, Binary Search and Applications ! Avinatan to the Cohomology of the Moduli Spaces of Kyoto University; Member, School of Hassidim,The Hebrew University of F-Bundles ! Yakov Varshavsky,The Mathematics Jerusalem Hebrew University of Jerusalem

December 10–12 January 22 February 4

Mini-Conference on Arithmetic Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! A Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Combinatorics Study of Multiplication Codes ! Adi Akavia, The Rules of the Game ! Michael Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Krivelevich,Tel Aviv University December 10 Member, School of Mathematics

Yang-MillsTheory for Mathematicians ! February 5 Overview of D-Branes in Physics and Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Mathematics ! Michael Douglas, Rutgers, and Applications ! Stability Conditions and Arithmetic Complexity—The Power of Partial 2 The State University of New Jersey Quantum Cohomology for P ! Roman Derivatives ! Avi Wigderson, Herbert H. Bezrukavnikov, Massachusetts Institute of Maass Professor, School of Mathematics December 13 Technology; Member, School of Mathematics

Fundamental Lemma ! Fundamental Lemma ! Categories and Knot Invariants ! Bao Châu Ngô, Université Paris-Sud 11; January 23 Categorification of Link Invariants via

Member, School of Mathematics Categories and Knot Invariants ! Representation Theory ! Catharina Stroppel, Homological Algebra of Link Invariants II: University of Glasgow; von Neumann Early

Geometric Langlands Duality ! A-Branes and Matrix Factorizations and Link Homology ! Career Fellow, School of Mathematics D-Modules ! Edward Witten, Charles Mike Khovanov, Columbia University; Simonyi Professor, School of Natural Sciences Member, School of Mathematics February 6 Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories and

December 14 January 24 Applications ! Stability Conditions and Stokes Instanton Counting and Knot Invariants ! Towards Two-Dimensional Geometric Factors (continued) ! Valerio Toledano Gopakumar-Vafa and Donaldson-Thomas Langlands Duality ! Pursuing the Double Laredo, Northeastern University; Member, Invariants ! Hiraku Nakajima, Kyoto Affine Grassmannian ! Michael Finkelberg, School of Mathematics University; Member, School of Mathematics Independent University of Moscow; Member, School of Mathematics February 7 December 18 Towards Two-Dimensional Geometric

Geometric Langlands Duality ! A-Branes and January 25 Langlands Duality ! Duality from Six D-Modules (continued) ! Edward Witten, Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! The Dimensions ! Edward Witten, Charles Charles Simonyi Professor, School of Natural Waldspurger Formula and the Gross-Zagier Simonyi Professor, School of Natural Sciences

Sciences Formula ! Xinyi Yuan, Columbia University Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! December 19 January 28 The Subconvexity Bounds for L-Functions ! Yang-MillsTheory for Mathematicians ! Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Xiaoqing Li, University of Buffalo,The Superconformal Theories in Six Dimensions ! Hardness Amplification Proofs Require Majority ! State University of New York Anton Kapustin, California Institute of Emanuele Viola, Columbia University Technology February 8

January 29 Special Lecture ! Towards a Global Langlands December 20 Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Correspondence over Function Fields ! Yakov Fundamental Lemma ! Fundamental Lemma ! Arithmetic Complexity—The Power of Partial Varshavsky,The Hebrew University of Bao Châu Ngô, Université Paris-Sud 11; Derivatives ! Avi Wigderson, Herbert H. Jerusalem Member, School of Mathematics Maass Professor, School of Mathematics February 11

January 15 Categories and Knot Invariants ! Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Uniform Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories and Homological Algebra of Link Invariants III ! Direct Product Theorems: Simplified, Optimized, Applications ! Introduction to Bridgeland’s Mikhail Khovanov, Columbia University; and Derandomized ! Valentine Kabanets, Stability Conditions ! Roman Bezrukavnikov, Member, School of Mathematics Simon Fraser University Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Member, School of Mathematics January 30 February 12

Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! January 16 and Applications ! Stability Conditions and Efficient Algorithms for Some Algebraic Problems ! Categories and Knot Invariants ! Homological Stokes Factors ! Valerio Toledano Laredo, Neeraj Kayal, Rutgers,The State University Algebra of Link Invariants, I ! Mike Northeastern University; Member, School of New Jersey Khovanov, Columbia University of Mathematics

Special Lecture ! Affine Tangles and Irreducible January 17 January 31 Exotic Sheaves ! Rina Anno, Harvard Towards Two-Dimensional Geometric Towards Two-Dimensional Geometric University

SCHOOLOFMATHEMATICS Langlands Duality ! Satake Isomorphism for Langlands Duality ! Double Affine Hecke Affine Kac-Moody Groups ! Alexander Algebra from Loop Groups over p-adic Fields Braverman, Brown University; Member, (after Kapranov and Gaitsgory-Kazhdan) ! School of Mathematics Alexander Braverman, Brown University; Member, School of Mathematics 38 February 13 February 25 Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories and

Categories and Knot Invariants ! Link Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Security Applications ! Hall Algebras for Triangulated Homologies, Instantons, and BPS Invariants ! Under Key-Dependent Inputs ! Shai Halevi, (dg-) Categories and Higher Algebraic Stacks ! Sergei Gukov, University of California, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Bertrand Toen, Université Pierre et Marie Santa Barbara; Member, School of Yorktown Heights, New York Curie Mathematics February 26 March 5

February 14 Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Marston Morse Lecture ! Topological Quantum Towards Two-Dimensional Geometric Sound Three-Query PCPPs Are Long ! Field Theories in Low Dimensions ! Jacob Langlands Duality ! Duality from Six Arie Matsliah,Technion–Israel Institute Lurie, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dimensions (continued) ! Edward Witten, of Technology Charles Simonyi Professor, School of Natural March 6 Sciences Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories and Categories and Knot Invariants ! Knot

Applications ! Character Sheaves and Real Homology and Braid Group Actions on Derived Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Prime Chains Groups ! David Ben-Zvi,The University Categories of Coherent Sheaves ! Joel and Pratt Trees ! Kevin Ford,The University of Texas at Austin; Member, School of Kamnitzer, University of California, of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Mathematics Berkeley, and American Institute of Mathematics February 15 February 27

Special Lecture ! A Gentle Introduction to Special Lecture ! Infinity Categories ! Towards Two-Dimensional Geometric

Derived Algebraic Geometry ! Clark Barwick, Clark Barwick, University of Oslo; Langlands Duality ! Boundary Conditions in University of Oslo; Member, School of Member, School of Mathematics Gauge Theory (continued) ! Edward Witten, Mathematics Charles Simonyi Professor, School of Natural

Analysis Seminar ! Orbit of the Diagonal of a Sciences February 18 Power of a Nilmanifold ! Alexander Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Leibman,The Ohio State University Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Counting Integrality Gaps for Sherali-Adams Relaxations ! Rational Points on a Cubic Surface ! Ritabrata Yury Makarychev, Microsoft Research February 28 Munshi, Rutgers,The State University of

Categories and Knot Invariants ! Refined New Jersey February 19 TopologicalVertex and Homological Invariants of

Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! New Knots and Three-Manifolds ! Sergei Gukov, March 10–14 Results and Open Problems in Computing Nash University of California, Santa Barbara; Conference on Algebro-Geometric Derived

Equilibria ! Christos Papadimitriou, Member, School of Mathematics Categories and Applications University of California, Berkeley Towards Two-Dimensional Geometric March 10

Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories and Langlands Duality ! Boundary Conditions in Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Applications ! D-Modules and Loop Spaces ! Gauge Theory ! Edward Witten, Charles A Frieman Isomorphism-Type Lemma for David Nadler, Northwestern University; Simonyi Professor, School of Natural Sciences Polynomials ! Philip Matchett Wood, Member, School of Mathematics Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey

Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Hilbert Spaces February 21 of Entire Functions and Automorphic L-Functions ! March 11 Categories and Knot Invariants ! Link Jeffrey Lagarias, University of Michigan Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! The 0 Homologies and Refined BPS Invariants ! Sign-Rank of AC (continued) ! Alexander Sergei Gukov, University of California, February 29 Razborov,Visiting Professor, School of

Santa Barbara; Member, School of Special Lecture ! Introduction to Non-Abelian Mathematics Mathematics p-adic Hodge Theory (continued) ! Vadim Vologodsky,The University of Chicago; Special Lecture ! Arithmetic Invariants of Towards Two-Dimensional Geometric Member, School of Mathematics Discrete Langlands Parameters ! Benedict

Langlands Duality ! Duality from Six Gross, Harvard University MATHEMATICS OF SCHOOL Dimensions (continued) ! Edward Witten, March 3 Charles Simonyi Professor, School of Natural Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! March 12 Sciences Disjointness Is Hard in the Multi-Party Number- Analysis Seminar ! Constructing Wild Groups !

on-the-Forehead Model ! Troy Lee, Rutgers, Lior Siberman, Harvard University; Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Integral The State University of New Jersey Member, School of Mathematics Models of Some Shimura Varieties ! Mark Kisin,The University of Chicago Marston Morse Lecture ! Topological Quantum March 13 Field Theories in Low Dimensions ! Jacob Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Iwasawa February 22 Lurie, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Theory of Elliptic Curves for Supersingular

Special Lecture ! Introduction to Non-Abelian Primes ! Byoung du Kim, Northwestern

p-adic Hodge Theory ! Vadim Vologodsky, March 4 University The University of Chicago; Member, School Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! The 0 of Mathematics Sign-Rank ofAC ! Alexander Razborov, March 17 Visiting Professor, School of Mathematics Special Lecture ! Kazhdan-Lusztig Equivalence Between Quantum Groups and Affine Algebras

via Factorizable Sheaves ! Dennis Gaitsgory, Harvard University

39 Marston Morse Lecture ! Topological Quantum Special Lecture ! Opers With Irregular April 14

Field Theories in Low Dimensions ! Jacob Singularities and Spectra of the Quantum Shift Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Lurie, Massachusetts Institute of Technology of Argument Subalgebra ! Leonid Rybnikov, Embeddings of Discrete Groups and the Speed

Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and of Random Walks ! Assaf Naor, Courant March 19 Experimental Physics, Moscow; Member, Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New Marston Morse Lecture !Topological Quantum School of Mathemetics York University Field Theories in Low Dimensions ! Jacob

Lurie, Massachusetts Institute of Technology April 2 Special Lecture ! An Introduction to the Special Lecture ! Hypertoric Varieties and Koszul Statistical Mechanics of Random Band Matrices ! March 21 Duality ! Ben Webster, University of Tom Spencer, Professor, School of Special Lecture ! Introduction to Non-Abelian California, Berkeley; Member, School of Mathematics Hodge Theory (continued) ! Vadim Mathematics Vologodsky,The University of Chicago; April 15

Member, School of Mathematics Analysis Seminar ! Stationary Measures Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! and Equidistribution on the Torus ! Elon Nearly Diagonally Dominant Matrices and

March 24 Lindenstrauss, Princeton University; Their Applications ! Noga Alon,Tel Aviv Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Member, School of Mathematics University;Visiting Professor, School of Testing Symmetric Properties of Distributions ! Mathematics Paul Valiant, Massachusetts Institute of April 3

Technology Towards Two-Dimensional Geometric Special Lecture ! Hall Algebras and Quantum

Langlands Correspondence ! Classification Frobenius ! Kevin McGerty, Imperial March 25 of Finite Dimensional Representations of College London; Member, School of Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! DAHa (after Varagnolo and Vasserot) ! Olivier Mathematics Expander Cryptography—Cryptography with Schiffmann, École Normale Supérieure,

Constant Computational Overhead ! Amit Paris; Member, School of Mathematics April 16 Sahai, University of California, Los Angeles Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories and

Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Cohen- Applications ! Real Groups via Base Change ! Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories and Lenstra Heuristics and the Negative Pell David Nadler, Northwestern University; Applications ! Cluster Algebras and Quiver Equation ! J. Klueners, Heinrich-Heine- Member, School of Mathematics Representations ! Bernard Keller, Université Universität Düsseldorf

Paris Diderot Analysis Seminar ! Expanders and Random April 7 Walks in SL(d,q) ! Jean Bourgain, Professor, March 26 Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! School of Mathematics Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories and Merkle Puzzles Are Optimal ! Mohammad

Applications ! Triangulated Categories: Mohmoody Ghidary, Princeton Special Lecture ! An Introduction to the Enhancements, Generators, and Dimensions ! University Statistical Mechanics of Random Band Matrices

Dmitry Orlov, Steklov Mathematical (continued) ! Tom Spencer, Professor, School Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences; April 8 of Mathematics Member, School of Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Spherical Cubes or Coordinated Random April 17 March 27 Choices in High Dimensions ! Anup Rao, Towards Two-Dimensional Geometric 3 Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories and The University of Texas at Austin; Langlands Correspondence ! H and Gerbal Applications ! Derived Algebraic Geometry ! Member, School of Mathematics Extensions ! Xinwen Zhu, University of Jacob Lurie, Massachusetts Institute of California, Berkeley Technology Special Lecture ! Quasi-Coxeter Algebras,

Dynkin Diagram Cohomology and Quantum Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Nonvanishing March 28 Weyl Groups ! Valerio Toledano Laredo, Mod P of Eisenstein Series ! Bei Zhang, Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories and Northeastern University; Member, School of Columbia University; Member, School Applications ! Perverse Equivalences and Calabi- Mathematics of Mathematics Yau Categories ! Raphael Rouquier, University of Oxford April 9 Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories and

Special Lecture ! Unipotent Classes and Special Applications ! Towards Categorification of Special Lecture ! Joyce Invariants for K3 Surfaces Weyl Groups Representations ! George Quantum Groups ! Mikhail Khovanov, and Mock Theta Functions ! So Okada,The Lusztig, Massachusetts Institute of Columbia University; Member, School of Australian National University Technology Mathematics

March 31 April 10 April 23

Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Special Lecture ! Crystal Structures on Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! On Proving Hardness of Improper Learning (Some) Global Nilpotent Cones ! Olivier Automorphic Lifts of Prescribed Type ! from Worst-Case Assumptions ! Benny Schiffmann, École Normale Supérieure, Toby Gee, Northwestern University Applebaum, Princeton University Paris; Member, School of Mathematics

Analysis Seminar ! A Hardy Field Extension of April 1 SCHOOLOFMATHEMATICS Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! On a Szemerédi’sTheorem ! Nikos Frantzikinakis, Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Result of Waldspurger in Higher Rank ! University of Memphis The Distribution of Polynomials over Finite David Whitehouse, Massachusetts

Fields ! Tali Kaufman, Member, School Institute of Technology of Mathematics 40 April 24 May 14

Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Explicit Analysis Seminar ! On the Two Dimensional Reduction Mod P of Certain Crystalline Bilinear Hilbert Transform and Z Actions ! Representations ! Toby Gee, Northwestern Ciprian Demeter, University of California, University Los Angeles; Member, School of Mathematics

April 28 May 16

Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Security Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Under Key-Dependent Inputs ! Shai Halevi, Reconstruction of Depth-Three Arithmetic Circuits ! IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Amir Shpilka,Technion–Israel Institute of Yorktown Heights, New York Technology

April 29 May 23

Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! The Optimal Monotone Encodings ! Rani Hod, Finite Field Kakeya Conjecture ! Zeev Dvir, Tel Aviv University Weizmann Institute of Science

Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories and May 27

Applications ! Categorification of Quantum Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Groups and Floer Theory ! Hao Zheng, Approximating Functions in Logarithmic Space

Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey and Time: A “Plug & Play”Approach ! Nir Halman,Visitor, School of Mathematics April 30

Special Lecture ! Strange Duality on Moduli June 10 of Sheaves on Curves and Surfaces ! Alina Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! Marian,Yale University; Member, School Computability and Complexity of Julia Sets ! of Mathematics Mark Braverman, University of Toronto

May 1

Special Lecture ! Equivariant Cohomology of Laumon’s Quasiflags Spaces and the Quantum

Calogero-Moser Hamiltonian ! Andrei Negut, Princeton University

Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! Multizeta Values and Related Structures in Function Field

Arithmetic ! Dinesh Thakur, University of Arizona; Member, School of Mathematics

May 7 Algebro-Geometric Derived Categories and

Applications ! Representations of Rational Cherednik Algebras and Miracles of Science ! Roman Bezrukavnikov, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Member, School of Mathematics

May 8

Joint IAS/PU Number Theory ! The MATHEMATICS OF SCHOOL Divisor Matrix, Dirichlet Series, and SL(2,Z) ! Peter Sin, University of Florida

May 12

Computer Science/Discrete Math I ! Artin Map, Cyclotomic Function Fields, and

Folded List-Decodable Codes ! Venkatesan Guruswami, University of Washington; Member, School of Mathematics

May 13

Computer Science/Discrete Math II ! A Dirac-TypeTheorem for Three-Uniform

Hypergraphs ! Endre Szemerédi, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Member, School of Mathematics

41 42 SCHOOLOFMATHEMATICS

ANDREA KANE Kos ufcs h uv ope,Flain,adalta ”wstersac oi fteffenhana rga o oe and Women for Program annual education. fifteenth mathematics the their of continue topic to research students the graduate was and undergraduate .” . encourage . to that is all goal and whose Foliations, Mathematics, Complex, Curve the Surfaces, “Knots, nldn ecigassat n etrr,teewr ite ototrlmteaiin,tit-ih gradu- thirty-eight mathematicians, postdoctoral fifteen were there dis- lecturers, mentoring, and opportunities. as assistants career well mathematics teaching to as their Including topic, introduction continue focused an to a and students relations, on graduate peer the seminars and on by and undergraduate cussions lectures supported encourage offer generously to mathematicians is and Research program education. University the Princeton of goal and The Foundation. Institute Foliations, Starr Complex, the The Curve and by Foundation the sponsored from Surfaces, Science Study “Knots, was National was Advanced …” for that topic Institute research all the whose at and program, held The was 2008. Mathematics 12–23, and Women May for Program annual fifteenth The nrdDuehe fPictnUiest evda h raie ftepormti er h is afof half University, Washington first The of year. Roberts this Institute Rachel program by the meet given of was to organizer Laminations,” the and opportunity as “Foliations course, served an advanced University the Princeton them of gave Daubechies which Ingrid institutions. complex, neighboring from were housing mathematicians students Institute’s and and Mentors program. Members the the in in participated who accommodated students undergraduate nineteen and students, ate eeiv as fTfsUiest etrdfrtefrtwe hl ag ooao ieUiest lec- University Rice of Tomova Maggy while week first the for titled lectured course, University the Tufts California, of of of Walsh Genevieve University half the second of assistants. Stevens the teaching Alice gave and as Davis, University served California, Stanford Davis, of of Licata University Joan 3-Manifolds.” the in “Surfaces of Schultens Jennifer Louis. St. ue o h eodwe ftebgniglcuecus ild Srae,Obfls n nt. Ellen Knots.” and Orbifolds, “Surfaces, titled, assistants. course teaching as lecture served Davis, California, beginning of University the the of of Lai andYvonne week University Tufts of second Goldstein the for tured ay hvnv fteMsahstsIsiueo ehooyognzdtersac eias hc were which seminars, research the organized Technology of Institute Massachusetts the of Khovanova Tanya rga o oe n Mathematics and Women for Program nweg nmteaisadta twsisiainlt e owr ihs aywmnwohdthe had who women many their so broadened with and work interests to The environment. their get renewed learning to it ultimate inspirational felt the was them. many called Also, as it they focused. interests that what yet same and in relaxed mathematics place apprecia- is struc- sincere takes in that the their that knowledge place about expressed program a feedback students a gain is graduate of to Institute and part order undergraduates in being Both day program. of last the tion the of on quality her participants and and 1994. the ture unparalleled. founder, been to program in has distributed the goal were program program’s Uhlenbeck, Questionnaires the Karen contemplating the to by or commitment mathematics, of supported The Terng. of Chuu-Lian and the inception field coorganizer encouraged of and the senior the been success collaborator in the have women and since field, young growth of many the the talents years, dedication to entering fifteen and contributed the past all the appreciate time have In program. lecturers Mathematics women’s their and of members, given committee School program graciously dinner. the Organizers, and Day, have and lunch Princeton who to Study for treated women Advanced University were for Princeton and lectures, of Institute to campus The listened the campus, to the position. toured bused postdoc were they a which participants and program during school the 16, graduate survive May and On to apply to how and cian rmteNtoa cec onain h akdaot“nItouto oteNtoa Science National the a Daubechies,” to Ingrid Introduction and Chang “An Alice about with Chat talked Lockhart movie “A Deborah the was who of and Mathematics,” There showing Opportunities.” Foundation, includ- in Funding speakers “Women University); Science and on Princeton spoke Foundation National at who held College, the was Swarthmore which from of of (one University. Costa Princeton afternoons Shelley of the Bold ed in Katy held State and were MIT The seminars University, of Khovanova Eight by Brook Krystyna organized Stony was 2-Wild.” and seminar Ellipsoids” and Women-in-Science of The Four-Dimensional “Dynamics:Wild McDuff on of Keiko lectured Dusa Embeddings University activities. and Aubern “Symplectic of on afternoon Complements”; Kuperberg spoke York, the New Knot of of Pretzel University part were (-2,3,n) colloquia Manifolds.” Two of Contact in Classes Knots Transverse of “Commensurability University,“Classification Columbia, Rice UniversityKawamuro, Macasieb, Variety”; Melissa Character British Knots”; the Transverse Queen’s Distinguishing and of Knots of Petersen, Texas,“Two-Bridge Way and University, “A of Theory Kate University Knot Columbia Vertesi, Toronto,“Algebraic Vera Landes, Dilatations”; of Emily University Integral”; Pseudo-Anosov Dancso, Kontsevich Zsuzsanna the Norm”; Least Thurston Link University,“Local the of Stanford and Licata, Joan Alterations Knots”; “Bounds Two-Bridge of Illinois, Family a of of University,“CharacterVarieties University Chia- Knots”; Texas,“Dean Tsai, of yen University Guntel, Brandy Art”; Khovanov, in MIT,“Topology follows:Tanya as ayyugwmni h il fmteais rcnepaigetrn h il,hv enecuae n upre yfre School former by supported Chuu-LianTerng. and coorganizer encouraged and been collaborator have her field, and founder, the program’s entering the contemplating Uhlenbeck, or Karen mathematics, Member of Mathematics field of the in women young Many ahmtc at,adpnldsusoso a ntelf famathemati- a of life the in day a on discussions panel and party, mathematics a Flatland,

PHOTOS ANDREA KANE

43 COLO MATHEMATICS OF SCHOOL RANDALL HAGADORN The School of Natural Sciences

Faculty Stephen L. Adler Nima Arkani-Hamed (from 1/1/08) Peter Goldreich Arnold J. Levine Juan Maldacena Nathan Seiberg Scott Tremaine, Richard Black Professor Edward Witten, Charles Simonyi Professor

Professor Emeritus Freeman J. Dyson

ACADEMICACTIVITIES

rofessor Stephen L. Adler worked in two areas last year: (1) phenomenology of modified forms of quantum theory and (2) particle physics phenomenology relating to axions, growing out of his work last year Prelating to PVLAS (Polarizzazione del Vuoto con LASer), an experiment attempting to detect axions. In work relating to tests of modified forms of quantum theory, Adler completed a paper with Princeton University graduate student Fethi Ramazanoglu on a calculation of electromagnetic radiation from neutral general atomic systems induced by stochastic fluctuations in the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, and in a similar model with a noise spectrum cutoff. This confirmed earlier estimates based on a calculation for a single free electron, and suggested that looking at non-white noise in greater detail would SCIENCES NATURAL OF SCHOOL be important in studying CSL model phenomenology.With Angelo Bassi, Adler wrote a paper initiating a detailed study of non-white noises, which showed that the white-noise equivalence of real and imaginary noises for processes such as noise-induced electromagnetic radiation could be extended, to leading order in perturbation theory, to Gaussian non-white noises. This paper also set up a general formalism for Gaussian non-white noises, including a state vector reduction proof and derivation of the master equation for the density matrix. In a second paper underway with Bassi, Adler is following up on this work by studying noises, such as thermal noises, in which the spatial and temporal correlations are intertwined by a mass-shell condition. The aim here is to investigate whether the noise source needed for objective state vector reduction theories could have a cosmological origin. Last year, Adler wrote a detailed paper analyzing effects resulting from vacuum birefringence in a rotating magnetic field (corresponding to the geometry of the PVLAS experiment), and showed that claims of an infinite set of sidebands are incorrect. Despite the complexities of wave propagation in the rotating field “medium,’’ the polarization parameters of the emerging laser beam are exactly as calculated by assuming that the magnetic field can be treated as instantaneously “frozen’’ at the current rotation angle, and applying the known formulas for a stationary field. The methods used in this paper have applications to other wave-matching 45 46 SCHOOLOFNATURALSCIENCES

RANDALL HAGADORN ag arnClie data. Collider from Hadron scale Large theTeV of theory reconstructing underlying of the task the on work actively to continued Arkani-Hamed Nima Professor n lnkui nec nltoayeflig hsosraingvsan S entropy gives the observation of This least e-folding. finiteness at the inflationary by to increases the each meaning horizon satisfying in Sitter operational inflation de unit noneternal the Planck of of one area model the any condition, energy in null 3D. that in of showed holes also space—near- kinds black They higher-dimensional near-critical new 4D, the in of strings in regions black realize objects critical to lower- near-horizon black possible of extremal as is it microns quantum landscape vacua that twenty a showed around AdS They size has energy. Casimir-stabilized circle Casimir also the by it with stabilized vacua, vacuum, big, S1 4D coupled X Model AdS3 unique Standard dimensional a Universe—the our gravity—has of long-dis- to theory the while field that effective showed tance postdocs,Arkani-Hamed Solenoid of number Muon a With Compact detector. the phenomena and at particle experimentalists a ongo- (CMS), an with in continued collaboration On-Shell been using since data, ing has LHC work from This scale (OSETs). TeV the Theories Elective of theory fundamental the ing smttcosre snvral omauemr hne the than region: more flat measure asymptotically to able an never into is exiting observer eventually asymptotic space, Sitter de etr,wihmyhv mlctosfrftr erhsfrain:when axions: for searches future novel for a unearthed implications through calculation have shining The may “light axions. for to which for relevant feature, search collaborators) is to which Chilean experiments field, wall’’ magnetic of a conver- strong group axion-photon a and in a photon-axion sion of (with calculation detailed Adler a led undertake this and problems, oenprdxsascae ihtelnsaeEcienwormholes. the Arkani-Hamed landscape—Euclidean to student, related the possibly his with gravity quantum and associated in paradoxes Polchinski issue old modern Joe an examine with to returned collaboration a evaporation. semi- locality hole the In of black breakdown at in the as described Sitter of such gravity, consistently examples de quantum other be of in with can amount well that fitting the level, on horizon classical limitation the a outside suggests space This modes. inflationary taeyadsto ol o reconstruct- for tools coherent of set a and strategy colleagues, described of number Arkani-Hamed a with Together in vacua of theory. landscape to string possible large a the continued of by presence Hadron also raised Large questions He explore from data. scale Collider TeV the theory task underlying of the the on reconstructing work of actively to continued n20,Professor 2007, In near maintained threshold. is that unitarity calculation how showed matching wave exact including an by methods, calculated independent was several effect a This the threshold. is near enhancing amplitude there conversion greatly nonzero, photon-axion cusp, is mass threshold axion the iaArkani-Hamed Nima d S fa inflationary an of SdS independent They showed how to embed axionic wormhole solutions consistently in string theory; the AdS/CFT correspondence then suggests that the worm- holes cannot be interpreted in a classic way first suggested by Coleman. During the 2007–08 academic year, Professor Peter Goldreich worked on Professor Goldreich investigated the project described below. the physical processes that occur Reading the Record of Ancient Impacts when debris from asteroids and Debris from asteroids and comets continually bombards the earth. Big comets continually bombards impacts launch molten ejecta on trajectories that take them thousands of the earth and big impacts kilometers from the impact site. These occur several times every hundred launch molten ejecta on million years.A minimum of about a cubic kilometer of melt is required to trajectories that take them penetrate the atmosphere. Ejecta from these impacts are found in discrete layers of submillimeter size spherules in sea floor sediments. Larger, aerody- thousands of kilometers from namically shaped objects are found on land. the impact site. These occur Goldreich investigated the physical processes that occur in energetic impacts several times every hundred with emphasis on determining the size of the ejecta and the luminosity of million years. the fireball. His research indicates that impact melts are born in a state of turbulence. As a melt decompresses, it breaks up into a spray of drops. Some vapor is also produced. The drops collide and coagulate, reaching the maximum size at which they can survive collisions. As the expansion progresses, the velocity field approaches a Hubble flow,the turbulence weakens, and collisions between drops occur at lower speeds. Ultimately the collision frequency drops below the expansion rate. Surface tension is responsible for binding drops at temperatures above 2000 degrees Kelvin. Drops bound by surface tension attain sizes of a few hundred microns at the cessation of collisions. Below 2000 degrees Kelvin, viscosity dominates surface tension in Professor Arnold Levine (standing) preventing drops from breaking apart when they collide. Drops protected by conducted studies that show how two viscosity can grow to tens of centimeters in size. The ejecta cloud remains forces, reproduction rates and infectious diseases, can shape the human genome opaque until it extends to more than a thousand kilometers. Its luminosity sequences and alter the agents that infect -10 peaks at about 10 times that of the sun and decays on a timescale of a few humans so as to optimize the reproduction minutes. of the virus and its host. During the 2007–08 academic year, Professor Arnold J. Levine’s research focus has been upon the evolutionary changes that occur in the genomes of influenza viruses and in selected genes involved in stress responses in SCIENCES NATURAL OF SCHOOL humans. The influenza virus evolves rapidly; there are examples of genome sequences from 1918 to 2008 collected from many different host species in many diverse locations. The human genome evolves more slowly;there are present-day examples of sequences from several demographic groups collected all over the world. The virus and its host interact, so that each can exert selective pressures upon the other. Thus (with Raúl Rabadán, Benjamin Greenbaum, Shoichi Metsugi, and Gyan Bhanot), Levine is examining the changes (random mutation followed by natural selection for favorable variations) occurring in genomes in different genetic backgrounds both over time and at diverse locations and environments. Influenza viruses from birds have much higher CpG dinucleotide frequencies in their RNA genomes than DINAH KAZAKOFF 47 48 SCHOOLOFNATURALSCIENCES

ANDREA KANE set fgueter dynamics. theory gauge of aspects some understanding on emphasis with particular duality gauge/string the on worked primarily (right) Maldacena Juan Professor h ofra ae n oepoete eepoe yuigconformal using by proven were properties some and case, considered They conformal processes. par- high-energy the of other evolution and the functions control distribution chromo- impor- dimensions ton quantum anomalous very In theories. their are gauge (QCD) that of dynamics operators dynamics the are large understanding These with for theories. operators tant gauge of properties conformal the in F. under- Alday spin Luis on with emphasis studied dynamics. Maldacena particular theory with gauge duality of aspects gauge/string some the standing on been has uass st piieterpouto ftevrsadishost. its and Professor virus year, the academic this of reproduction During infect the that optimize agents dis- to the infectious alter as and and so sequences humans rates genome human reproduction the forces, shape genes. two can eases, these how of show alleles studies different These the by of selection affected uterus to is contributor the species, strong into a a in eggs is be which fecundity, fertilized to Thus, shown mice. of and been Some efficiency humans have to implantation part, MDM-4) evolution. in and the (p53 least selection in human involved genes at positive due, these and is of that or This observation rapid populations. the period genetic for European evidence Northern their time in good pressures show for the alleles, analyzed or over sequences, been changes have sequence inflammation, and infections, ihDeoHfa asuetfo rneo nvriy,Mlaeacon- Maldacena University), relation. Princeton mechanical from quantum student (a full limit Hofman a particular Diego is a With This in model. theory sigma gauge SO(6) the the of was and diagrams connection planar a Mills, the superYang between N=4 found of case the in addition, In symmetry. iee h rbe fpaa igaswt onaista rs nsome in arise that boundaries with diagrams planar of problem the sidered epn omn ifrn ye fsrs,sc sDAdamage, DNA as such stress, of types different many which MDM-4, to and respond MDM-2, sev- p53, Bond) including genes, Gareth human and eral Atwal Gurinder humans). (with in project influenza another bird In immu- of innate case of the levels a in higher in transcripts (as for up making dinucleotide nity signaling set and by this CpG would activated, high levels when against with CpG loop selection high feedback with a positive genes by because humans arises content. dinucleotide CpG also humans low of very This a system have immune to innate shown been the have populate epidemic. that influenza genes 1918 The the during high humans and in symptoms rate extreme the death caused that that viruses directly bird them this to weakerinfect humans is of It response. a response host immune innate species-specific elicited powerful that a in and pressure genome selection this better the changes replicated explaining response, then immune innate frequencies and into CpG jumped lower time evolved that 1918 with virus in influenza population bird in human mounted A the birds. response, this not CpG of but The response. trigger humans immune known a innate poorly are large grow dinucleotides host a humans cause the infect they mimic that because often corresponding viruses sequences bird the virus Indeed, than patterns). (the humans frequencies from CpG gene higher also birds from much genes have the Similarly humans. from derived viruses unMaldacena Juan smi eerheffort research main ’s configurations of N=4 superYang Mills. In this case the problem reduces to a spin chain with boundary and in some cases the full problem with the boundary condition is integrable. They computed the boundary reflection matrix up to an overall phase by applying a method developed by Niklas Beisert for the bulk case. In this way one can compute the anomalous dimension of some special operators for all values of the ’t Hooft coupling. Previous work by other authors had suggested that this problem was not integrable, but they found an error in the previous arguments and they showed that the results are indeed consistent with integrability. Separately with Alday, Maldacena considered the problem of gluon scattering in N=4 superYang Mills at strong coupling using the method they developed earlier. This previous paper had shown that the n gluon scattering amplitude can be computed at strong coupling by finding a minimal area surface in AdS5 that ends on an n sided polygon at the boundary. The surface is explicitly known for four gluons, but it is not known explicitly for a large number of gluons. They showed that for n=5, even though the surface is not known, the final result is determined by the conformal symmetry of the problem. For n >5 the result is not determined by conformal symmetry. By taking the limit n¡∞, which corresponds to a large number of gluons, it was shown that the strong coupling answer did not agree with a previous conjecture that had been made in the literature. This suggested that for n=6 and two loops there might be a disagreement with that conjecture. Subsequently,explicit computations were carried out by other groups, which showed that this is indeed the case and, furthermore, they were consistent with another conjectured relation between Wilson loops and amplitudes. Maldacena is continuing to study this problem with Nathan Berkovits, and there will soon be a paper that will further clarify some of these issues. Hofman and Maldacena systematically studied energy correlations in a conformal field theory. Energy correlations is an observable that is very useful for characterizing jet physics. They studied this observable for conformal theories and found some general results. The energy one-point functions are related to three-point functions in the conformal field theories. Demanding Professor Seiberg continued his positivity one gets interesting constraints on some parameters characterizing work on the phenomenology

the stress tensor operator. In addition, the small angle behavior of energy SCIENCES NATURAL OF SCHOOL correlations has a simple form determined by the scaling dimension of cer- of low-energy supersymmetry. tain spin three operators.Also the gravity description of these energy corre- With his collaborators Michael lations was studied at strong coupling. In the gravity approximation the ener- Dine and Scott Thomas, gy distributions are perfectly spherically symmetric. Stringy corrections he interpreted the current imply that there will be small energy fluctuations. experimental limit on the Maldacena, together with Oren Bergman, a Member in the School, and Ofer lightest Higgs boson mass Aharony and Daniel Jafferis, studied certain three-dimensional theories with to suggest that if nature is Chern-Simons terms. These theories have a large amount of symmetries and supersymmetric, there are describe certain branes in M-theory. They also have interesting gravity duals, which involve a four-dimensional negatively curved spacetime. additional interactions beyond those of the During the past year, Professor Nathan Seiberg continued his work on the phenomenology of low-energy supersymmetry. Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. In collaboration with Michael Dine and Scott Thomas, he interpreted the current experimental limit on the lightest Higgs boson mass to suggest that if nature is supersymmetric, there are additional interactions beyond those of 49 50 SCHOOLOFNATURALSCIENCES

RANDALL HAGADORN fdr atraddr energy. dark and matter dark nature of the to pertaining those including questions, astrophysical of variety answer a to used be can clusters––which and galaxies foreground due massive galaxies to source distant of shapes the in perturbations small very lensing––the weak on seminar astrophysics an informal at spoke Mandelbaum Rachel Member ino tla ytm is ulse n1987. in published first systems stellar of tion ihr lc Professor field Black Lagrangian Richard of limits as found were the SCFTs algebras.Also, E7 current theories. and flavor quantities E6 their exact one of new rank charges compute isolated central to Consistency the how SCFTs: showed examples. groups. these they low-rank checks, in some flavor these examining of by gauged part found As were weakly superconformal proposal this interacting with The of presented. be (SCFTs) checks was to theories theories argued were gauge field such theories of coupled to problem infinitely solution the coupling A around theories. infinite superconformal circled the N=2 has four-dimensional year explored Argyres the he Philip with during together supersymmetry, low-energy work of Seiberg’s phenomenology of most subclasses. various Although of and signatures models mediation specific gauge from of them class distinguish entire the to strongly of used. features in be identify cannot necessary to allows theory is It perturbation formalism where models a mediation Such in direct presented. coupled terms was soft the model computing as generic for messengers the formalism with models.A gauge models mediation known direct both as includes the gauge well it of all particular, definition In encompasses general models. that mediation a gave breaking he supersymmetry Shih, David mediated and Meade mechanisms Patrick microscopic With way. of distinctive discussed. variety a a briefly also by in were generated modified that be are can chargino couplings operators the and These as well spectrum as spectrum neutralino description Higgs constrained and in scalar highly The described physics. a were MSSM provided beyond MSSM This of operators. the two to only the- corrections of field order terms effective leading an from the scale.Within TeV analysis, arise the ory around These (MSSM). freedom of Model degrees Standard new Supersymmetric Minimal the ihPoesrJmsBne fOfr,h locmltdascn edition second Working Science. a completed of also Institute he Oxford, Weizmann of of the and Binney Technion James at the Professor of Lecture with Physics Bahcall Theoretical for John Institute the Lewiner the at Series rdaelvltxbo ntesrcueadevolu- and structure the on textbook graduate-level a Dynamics, Galactic ct Tremaine Scott oypolm n hs rniin nstellar in transitions N- phase the and problem, solve body to black techniques effects, numerical around relaxation novel resonant systems including stellar holes, the of investigating evolution been of has University Tremaine American Beirut, the of Visitor Touma With Jihad observatories. space planned detectable by be of may bursts that of radiation intensity gravitational and it, rate by at the disrupted govern rate and or the swallowed are determine hole, stars which black the proper- of the probe ties gravitational stars these distribution the of The dynamics hole. and under black the orbit of that influence stars Milky millions of own to thousands our by surrounded including Way, are galaxies, centers the most at of found holes black massive The aeteDsigihdLecture Distinguished the gave disks. With graduate student Yue Shen, Tremaine has examined the long- term stability of distant satellites around the giant planets of the solar system. In the past decade, dozens of new satellites have been discovered around these planets, at distances up to about 50 to 60 percent of the boundary of the planet’s sphere of influence (variously called the Hill, Roche, or tidal Most of the mass in the radius). They have found that satellite orbits in some regions outside the sphere of influence of Uranus and Neptune can also be stable for long times universe consists of dark matter (at least 100 million years) and suggest that new satellites may be found by of some unknown form, most dedicated searches of these regions. probably some novel elementary Most of the mass in the universe consists of dark matter of some unknown particle, generically called a form, most probably some novel elementary particle, generically called a weakly interacting massive weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP). Many experiments are search- particle (WIMP). Many ing for evidence of interactions between WIMPs from the Galactic halo and experiments are searching for laboratory detectors. A major uncertainty in estimates of the detection rate is the contribution from WIMPs that are bound to the solar system, through evidence of interactions between capture from the halo by elastic scattering in the sun or gravitational scatter- WIMPs from the Galactic halo ing by the planets. Graduate student Annika Peter, working with Tremaine, and laboratory detectors. An has investigated the solar-system WIMP capture rate through massive investigation by Professor numerical simulations that involve following the orbits of WIMPs in the Tremaine determined the solar system for hundreds of millions of years. They have shown that the contribution of bound dark matter to current or planned detection experi- contribution of WIMPs that ments is negligible for any plausible particle masses or cross sections. may be captured by the solar system, by following their In 2007–08, Charles Simonyi Professor Edward Witten, with Member Davide Gaiotto, began a detailed study of supersymmetric boundary condi- complex orbits for hundreds tions in certain four-dimensional gauge theories and how they transform of millions of years. under electric-magnetic duality. The analogous problem in two dimensions has been much studied and is important both in string theory and in relation to mirror symmetry. The four-dimensional case has hitherto been mostly neglected. The problem is also closely related to the problem of supersymmetric domain walls. In the process of this work,Witten and Gaiotto made several new construc- tions concerning supersymmetric conformal field theories in three dimensions, new supersymmetric Chern-Simons theories, field theory construc-

tions of supersymmetric Janus configurations, etc.The results are to appear SCIENCES NATURAL OF SCHOOL in a series of papers. Witten also continued his work with School of Mathematics Member Sergei Gukov on surface operators in gauge theory. These operators are analogous to Wilson and ’t Hooft line operators, but they are supported on a two- dimensional surface.They described a new class of “rigid” surface operators and attempted to understand the behavior under duality, with partial results. With Alex Maloney,Witten continued his work on three-dimensional quantum gravity with negative cosmological constant. They carried out a direct calculation of the exact partition function of this theory, based on a certain standard set of assumptions. The computation gave an answer that does not have satisfactory properties physically.Either one of the standard assumptions about the quantum gravity path integral is incorrect, or pure three- dimensional quantum gravity with negative cosmological constant is not really a meaningful quantum theory.

Witten continued his work on the gauge theory approach to geometric 51 52 SCHOOLOFNATURALSCIENCES

DINAH KAZAKOFF 14–6 .Rbr Oppenheimer. Robert J. (1947–66) Director Institute former on documentary PBS the program by December in interviewed was Dyson Freeman Emeritus Professor e esy n h acrIsiueo New of Jersey Institute Cancer The and Jersey, New Physics Particle Bergman Oren Biology Physics, Particle Balasubramanian Vijay Biology Bhanot Gyan Technology Biology Belyi Vladimir Biology Atwal Gurinder Biology AK Prashanth STAFF RESEARCH AND VISITORS, MEMBERS, ahmtcladPril Physics Particle and Mathematical Bjerrum-Bohr Jannik Emil Niels ahmtcladPril Physics Particle and Mathematical Basu Anirban Circle Member Founders’ Chooljian Martin and Helen Pennsylvania dacdStudy Advanced Biology Beckman Robert Membership Loughlin D. William Study Advanced mrcnExperience American ! ! ! ! ! ! v ugr,h tt nvriyof University State Rutgers,The Study Advanced for Institute Inc. 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Freeman Tokyo Astrophysics Mitchell Jonathan Biology Metsugi Shoichi Astrophysics Mandelbaum Rachel Institute the Study of Advanced for Friends the by provided Funding Astrophysics Kuhlen Michael atcePhysics Particle Mishima Satoshi Astrophysics Keshet Uri Monell Foundation Ambrose The by provided Funding atcePhysics Particle Meade Patrick Study Advanced ahmtcladPril Physics Particle and Mathematical Martelli Dario Physics Particle Langacker Paul Hansmann M. Membership Doris and E. Ralph The Biology Krasnitz Michael Physics Particle Kane Gordon ! ! ! s hgiPamcuiasC. Ltd., Co., Pharmaceuticals Chugai Study Advanced for Institute ! ! ! ! h nvriyo Chicago of University The Study Advanced for Institute Study Advanced for Institute Study Advanced for Institute ! ! ! ! nttt o dacdStudy Advanced for Institute University Harvard Study Advanced for Institute Michigan of University i o oany do not did i inter- His . ! nttt for Institute ! ! m f SCHOOLOFNATURALSCIENCES 53 ! Itay ! The The ! ! ! ! ! Mass ! LHC and Localization Hidden Sector Simplifying Remarks on ! ! ! ! ! Gordon Kane, Various Twisted Sphere Packings in ! Bobby, Acharya ! ! ! Vasily, Pestun Princeton ! Ben Lillie,Argonne National Lab Hsin-Chia Cheng, University of Eva, Silverstein Stanford ! ! ! Martin, Schmaltz Boston University ! -MSSM at the LHC 2 October 1 High Energy Theory Seminar University September 27 Informal Phenomenology Seminar October 17 Physics Group Meeting University of Michigan; Member, School of Natural Sciences October 25 Informal Phenomenology Seminar University October 11 Informal Phenomenology Seminar ,Meng-Chwan Tan National University of Singapore; Member, School ofSciences Natural October 5 High Energy Theory Seminar Z ' -mediated Supersymmetry Breaking ,Salvatore Torquato Princeton University; Member, School of Natural Sciences October 19 High Energy Theory Seminar RECORDOFEVENTS Particle Physics Activities September 11 Special Phenomenology Seminar Gregory, Moore Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey October 3 Physics Group Meeting Determination in SUSY-like Events withEnergy Missing G Randall-Sundrum Model and High EnergyQuarks Top ,Yavin Princeton University October 15 High Energy Theory Seminar Sigma-Models in Physics and TheirChiral Relation Differential to Operators in Mathematics High Dimensions: Disorder versus Order Our String Theory Vacuum of Supersymmetric Gauge Theories andWilson Circular Loops Running and the B-µ Problemtion in Gauge Media- DS(B) Wall-Crossing Formulae for BPS States The Abdus Salam International CentreTheoretical for Physics,Trieste, Italy California, Davis September 17 High Energy Theory Seminar s s ! ! f s ! ! ! ! Institute for Institute for The National f ! ! ! ! ! Visitor v ! Second Term m ! s Case Western Reserve Massachusetts Institute of Princeton University University of Southampton Weizmann Institute of Science ! ! ! ! ! ! Institute for Advanced Study Institute for Advanced Study Institute for Advanced Study ! ! ! Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Vanderbilt University Institute for Advanced Study Institute for Advanced Study Institute for Advanced Study IBM Thomas J.Watson Research ! ! ! ! ! ! Long-term Member First Term Research Assistant John Bahcall Fellow Zheng Zheng Astrophysics John Bahcall Fellow f Jiri Vanicek Biology Gustavo Stolovitsky Biology Advanced Study Advanced Study Marvin L. Goldberger Membership YujiTachikawa Mathematical and Particle Physics University of Tokyo Carl and Toby Feinberg Founders’ Circle Member Meng-Chwan Tan Mathematical and Particle Physics University of Singapore Salvatore Torquato Particle Physics Chen-Hsiang Yeang Biology Ian Swanson Mathematical and Particle Physics m a Andrei Starinets Particle Physics John Wikswo Biology Roger Dashen Membership Brian Wecht Particle Physics Alexei Vazquez Biology University Glenn van de Ven Astrophysics Johannes Walcher Mathematical and Particle Physics Technology Frank and Peggy Taplin Membership Michael Wigler Biology Tanmay Vachaspati Particle Physics Nadia Zakamska Astrophysics TomerVolansky Particle Physics Center,Yorktown Heights, New York m ! f ! Institute for s ! ! Harvard University University of Kentucky University of Florida University of California, Institute for Advanced Study Institute for Advanced Study California Institute of ! ! ! ! ! ! ! a The University of Chicago The University of Arizona Institute for Advanced Study Institute for Advanced Study University of California, Berkeley ! ! ! ! ! ! Princeton University Institute for Advanced Study Rutgers,The State University of The Cancer Institute of New Institute for Advanced Study v ! ! ! ! ! ! Martin Schnabl Mathematical and Particle Physics Raúl Rabadán Biology Michele Papucci Particle Physics Funding provided by the Associationof of the Members Institute for Advanced Study (AMIAS) Alexia Schulz Astrophysics Advanced Study Pierre Ramond Particle Physics Alfred Shapere Particle Physics John Bahcall Fellow Andrew Neitzke Particle Physics Jun Song Biology Douglas Rudd Astrophysics Aldo Serenelli Astrophysics Todd Riley Biology Funding provided by The AmbroseFoundation Monell Stanislav Shvartsman Biology David Shih Particle Physics Funding provided by The AmbroseFoundation Monell Gil Paz Particle Physics Martin Pessah Astrophysics Berkeley Donal O’Connell Particle Physics Margaret Pan Astrophysics Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Membership Technology New Jersey Jersey Gunaretnam Rajagopal Biology Martin A. and Helen Chooljianin Membership Biology October 26 November 28 February 4

High Energy Theory Seminar ! The Phase Physics Group Meeting ! Incipient Black High Energy Theory Seminar ! The Measure Diagram of Holographic QCD ! Oren Holes ! Tanmay Vachaspati, Case Western Problem in Cosmology ! Raphael Bousso, Bergman,Technion–Israel Institute of Reserve University; Member, School of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Technology; Member, School of Natural Natural Sciences Sciences February 6

November 29 Physics Group Meeting ! What’s the Meaning October 29 Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! of the Wall Crossing Formula? ! Davide Joint LHC EXP-TH Group Meeting ! LHC Constraints on the S-Parameter in Holographic Gaiotto, Harvard University; Member, and Statistics ! Kyle Cramner, New York Technicolor ! Matt Reece, Cornell University School of Natural Sciences University December 10 February 7

High Energy Theory Seminar ! Stringy High Energy Theory Seminar ! Flavor, CP,and Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! Informal Instantons, Geometric Transitions, and Dynamical Extra Dimensions ! Lisa Randall, Harvard Discussion Supersymmetry Breaking ! Shamit Kachru, University Stanford University February 14

December 13 Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! Informal October 31 Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! Discussion Physics Group Meeting ! Exact Correlators in Neutrinos: Results and Future ! Boris Kayser, AdS3/CFT2 ! Ari Pakman, Stony Brook Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory February 21 University,The State University of New York Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! The December 14 Muon Magnetic Moment as a Precise Test of the

November 7 High Energy Theory Seminar ! Torsion and Standard Model ! Francisco Yndurain, Physics Group Meeting ! Singularity Resolution SUSY Breaking ! Brian Wecht, Massachusetts Universidad Autonoma de Madrid by M-Theory Fivebranes, Calibrated Geometry Institute of Technology; Member, School of and AdS Solutions, and Special Holonomy Natural Sciences February 22

Metrics ! Oisin Mac Conamhna, Imperial High Energy Theory Seminar ! Tree College London December 19 Amplitudes in Gauge Theory and Gravity ! Physics Group Meeting ! Tachyon Condensation Nima Arkani-Hamed, Professor, School of November 8 in String Theory ! Simeon Hellerman, Natural Sciences Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! Searching Member, School of Natural Sciences for Warped Throats and Hidden Valleys at the February 28

LHC ! Kathryn M. Zurek, University of January 9 Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! Informal Wisconsin–Madison Physics Group Meeting ! Informal Discussion ! Neal Weiner, New York Discussion–Suggested Readings arXiv:hep- University

November 9 th/0712.1196 and arXiv:hep-th/0712.1397 ! High Energy Theory Seminar ! Finite Flavor Brian Wecht, Member, School of Natural February 29 Groups? ! Pierre Ramond, University of Sciences High Energy Theory Seminar ! General Gauge Florida; Member, School of Natural Sciences Mediation ! Nathan Seiberg, Professor, January 16 School of Natural Sciences

November 12 Physics Group Meeting ! New S-Duality in High Energy Theory Seminar ! Quantum d=4 N=2 Gauge Theories ! YujiTachikawa, March 3 Criticality and Black Holes ! Subir Sachdev, The University of Tokyo; Member, School of High Energy Theory Seminar ! Positron Harvard University Natural Sciences Signals in the Halo from Exciting Dark Matter ! Neal Weiner, New York University November 13 January 24

Special High Energy Theory Seminar ! A Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! MSSM- March 5 New Farey Tail ! Jan Manschot, University like Models from Strings ! Akin Wingerter, Physics Group Meeting ! Preparing for the First of Amsterdam The Ohio State University New Physics at the LHC ! Philip Schuster and Natalia Toro, Stanford University November 14 January 28 Physics Group Meeting ! More on G2-MSSM High Energy Theory Seminar ! Searching for March 6 Γ Construction–Why 84? ! Jing Shao, Gravity Waves and New Physics with Atom Informal Phenomenology Meeting ! b ¡s ! University of Michigan Interferometry ! Peter Graham, Stanford Gil Paz and TomerVolansky, Members, Linear Accelerator Center School of Natural Sciences November 21

Physics Group Meeting ! Informal January 31 March 14 Discussion–Suggested Reading arXiv:hep- Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! Informal High Energy Theory Seminar ! Field Theoretic th/0611108, arXiv:hep-th/0711.0955 ! Discussion Formulation of TwoTime Physics ! Itzhak Anirban Basu, Member, School of Natural Bars, University of Southern California Sciences February 1

High Energy Theory Seminar ! Factorization March 17

SCHOOLOFNATURALSCIENCES November 26 and Soft Collinear Effective Theory ! Christian High Energy Theory Seminar ! The Leading High Energy Theory Seminar ! Partition Bauer, Lawrence Berkeley National Singularity Approach to Scattering Amplitudes ! Functions of 3D Pure Gravity ! Xi Yin, Boston Laboratory Freddy Cachazo, Perimeter Institute University

54 March 19 April 24 Astrophysics Activities Physics Group Meeting ! Amplitudes in Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! Hiding Gravity andYang-Mills ! N. Emil Jannik the Higgs ! Spencer Chang, New York September 11

Bjerrum-Bohr, Member, School of Natural University Astrophysics Seminar ! Faint Ia Supernovae Sciences from Ultracompact Binaries ! Lars Bildsten, April 28 Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics March 26 High Energy Theory Seminar ! Chiral Gravity Physics Group Meeting ! Vacuum States of in Three Dimensions ! Andrew Strominger, September 18 3 N=4 SYM on T and S-duality ! Mans Harvard University Astrophysics Seminar ! Physics, Cosmology, and Henningson, Chalmers University the Large Hadron Collider ! Nima Arkani- April 30 Hamed, Harvard University March 27 Physics Group Meeting ! Modeling Multiple Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! Informal MZ Branes ! Neil Lambert, Kings College September 20

Discussion –Suggested Readings: Nature 452, London Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Turbulent, 332–335 (2008) ! Satoshi Mishima, Magnetized, MRI-Driven Accretion Disks:

Member, School of Natural Sciences May 1 Beyond the Standard α-Disk Models ! Martin Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! Cosmic Pessah,The University of Arizona; Member, March 31 Magnetic Fields and Baryogenesis ! Tanmay School of Natural Sciences High Energy Theory Seminar ! Viscosity Vachaspati, Case Western Reserve Bound and Causality Violation ! Hong Liu, University; Member, School of Natural September 25

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sciences Astrophysics Seminar ! Binaries, Rubble-Piles, and Tidal Evolution ! Re’em Sari, California April 2 May 2 Institute of Technology Physics Group Meeting ! Stable Islands in the High Energy Theory Seminar ! Closed Landscape ! Korneel van den Broek, String Tachyon Condensation:An Overview ! September 27

Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey Ian Swanson, Member, School of Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Three Natural Sciences Problems in Planet Formation:The Kuiper Belt,

April 3 Hot Jupiters, and Transitional Disks ! Ruth Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! Informal May 7 Murray-Clay, University of California, Discussion ! Raman Sundrum, Johns Physics Group Meeting ! The E & M of Berkeley Hopkins University HQCD ! Oren Bergman,Technion–Israel Institute of Technology; Member, School of October 2

April 9 Natural Sciences Astrophysics Seminar ! Pulsar Theory ! Physics Group Meeting ! Discerning SUSY in Andrei Gruzinov, New York University Cascade Decay Correlations ! Jessie Shelton, May 8 Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey High Energy Theory Seminar ! October 3

Baryogenesis and Higgs Phenomenology ! Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! The Origin of April 11 Michael Ramsey-Musolf, University of Instabilities in Stellar Systems ! Mir Abbas Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! Informal Wisconsin–Madison Jalali, Sharif Institute of Technology Discussion ! George Sterman, Stony Brook University,The State University of New York May 12 October 9

High Energy Theory Seminar ! Gauge-Theory Astrophysics Seminar ! An Explosion of April 14 Amplitudes from Weak to Strong Coupling ! Explosions ! Shri Kulkarni, California High Energy Theory Seminar ! Phases of N=2 David Kosower, CEA, France Institute of Technology Theories in 1+1 Dimensions with Boundary ! Kentaro Hori, University of Toronto May 14 October 11 SCIENCES NATURAL OF SCHOOL

Physics Group Meeting ! Local Phenomenological Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Quasars in a April 16 Models in M-Theory ! Jacob Bourjaily, Cosmological Context: Fueling, Self-Regulation,

Physics Group Meeting ! Statistical Predictions Princeton University and Feedback ! Phil Hopkins, Harvard- from Field Theory Landscapes ! Vijay Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Balasubramanian, University of May 22 Pennsylvania; Member, School of Natural Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! An October 16

Sciences Effective Field Theory Look at Deep Inelastic Astrophysics Seminar ! Three Astrophysical Scattering ! Gil Paz, Member, School of Laboratories for Particle Physics ! Avi Loeb, April 18 Natural Sciences Harvard University High Energy Theory Seminar ! Symmetry- Breaking Vacua and Baryon Condensates in May 29 October 18

AdS/CFT ! Dario Martelli, Member, Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! Reducing Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Dark Matter, School of Natural Sciences Theoretical Uncertainties in the Galaxy 3-pt Small-Scale Structure, and Dwarf Galaxies ! Function ! Liam Fitzpatrick, Harvard Louie Strigari, University of California, April 23 University Irvine Physics Group Meeting ! Chiral Algebras of (0,2) Sigma-Models: Beyond Perturbation May 30 October 23

Theory ! Meng-Chwan Tan, National High Energy Theory Seminar ! Lee-Wick Astrophysics Seminar ! The Metallicities and University of Singapore; Member, School of Field Theory ! Donal O’Connell, California Physical Conditions in Star-Forming Galaxies at

Natural Sciences Institute of Technology; Member, School of High-Redshift ! Alice Shapley, Princeton Natural Sciences University 55 October 25 December 13 February 14

Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! CHON Ices Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Multiple Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Hydrogen and the Formation of Saturn ! Sarah E. Galaxy Mergers, Cosmological Context, and Emission from Shocks in Supernova Remnants ! Robinson, University of California, Santa Elliptical Galaxy Formation ! Greg Novak, Matthew van Adelsberg, Joint Institute Cruz University of California, Santa Cruz for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA), University of Colorado November 1 December 20

Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! From Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Relativistic February 19 Galaxy Clustering to Dark Matter Clustering ! Blast Waves and GRB Afterglows ! Z. Lucas Astrophysics Seminar ! Hypervelocity Stars Jaiyul Yoo, Harvard-Smithsonian Center Uhm, Columbia University Ejected from the Galactic Center ! Warren for Astrophysics Brown, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for January 3 Astrophysics

November 6 Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Astrophysical Astrophysics Seminar ! Degeneracy and Applications of Gravitational Waves ! Bence February 26 Confidence in Planetary Microlensing ! Andy Kocsis, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Seminar ! First Results from Gould,The Ohio State University Astrophysics OWLS:The OverWhelmingly Large Simulations

Project ! Joop Schaye, Leiden University November 8 January 10

Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Microlensing Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Cold and February 28 of an Extended Source by a Power-Law Mass Warm Gas in NGC 2974: Inferring the Shape Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Understanding

Distribution ! Art Congdon, Rutgers,The of Its Dark Matter Halo ! Anne-Marie Titan from the Perspective of Earth’s Climate ! State University of New Jersey Weijmans, Leiden University Jonathan Mitchell,The University of Chicago; Member, School of Natural Sciences November 9 –10 January 17

AstroGPU 2007 Workshop ! General Purpose Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Constraining March 4 Computation on Graphics Processing Units in the Evolution of the Most Massive Galaxies since Astrophysics Seminar ! Cosmology from Cosmic Astronomy and Astrophysics ! Various Topics, z~1 ! Richard Cool,The University of Energy Inventory ! Masataka Fukugita, Speakers, and Affiliations; Chair: Mario Arizona Institute for Cosmic Ray Research,The Juric, Member, School of Natural Sciences University of Tokyo;Visitor, School of January 22 Natural Sciences

November 13 Astrophysics Seminar ! The Evolution Astrophysics Seminar ! Spiral Waves in Accretion of Galaxies in Different Environments ! March 6 Disks ! Edmund Bertschinger, Jacqueline van Gorkom, Columbia Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Galaxy Massachusetts Institute of Technology University Cluster Mergers ! Alexia Schulz, University of California, Berkeley; Member, School of November 15 January 29 Natural Sciences

Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Constraining Astrophysics Seminar ! Examining the Far Dark Matter Using (Resolved) Stars in Local Outer Solar System ! Charles Alcock, March 11 Group Galaxies ! Julio Chaname, Space Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Astrophysics Seminar ! Electrodynamics of Telescope Science Institute, NASA, Baltimore Magnetars ! Chris Thompson, Canadian January 31 Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics

November 27 Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Secular Astrophysics Seminar ! MHD Turbulence and Instabilities in Nearly Keplerian Systems:The March 13 Some of Its Effects in the Solar Wind ! Bill Tale of Two Counter-Streams ! Jihad Touma, Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! New Forms Matthaeus, University of Delaware American University of Beirut of Convection in Magnetized Plasmas ! Eliot Quataert, University of California, Berkeley November 29 February 5

Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Lessons about Astrophysics Seminar ! Life Cycles of Globular March 18 Galaxy Formation and Cosmology from Weak Star Clusters: From Formation to Dissolution ! Astrophysics Seminar ! So What Is the Matter Lensing ! Rachel Mandelbaum, Member, Michael Fall, Space Telescope Science with Solar Abundances? ! Sarbani Basu,Yale School of Natural Sciences Institute, NASA, Baltimore; Member, School University of Natural Sciences December 4 March 20

Astrophysics Seminar ! Crucial Dynamical February 7 Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! New Tests of Phases in Solar System Formation ! Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Exploring Strong-Field General Relativity with Black Holes Alessandro Morbidelli, CNRS- GRB Astrophysics via a Correlated Broad-Band and Neutron Stars ! Dimitrios Psaltis,The Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Nice, France and Multi-Messenger Paradigm ! Mike University of Arizona Stamatikos, Goddard Space Flight Center December 11 March 25

Astrophysics Seminar ! Testing Gravity Theories February 12 Astrophysics Seminar ! Modeling the with Lensing and Other Large-Scale Probes ! Astrophysics Seminar ! Rethinking Inflation and Recombination Epoch ! Chris Hirata, Bhuvnesh Jain, University of Pennsylvania the Search for Alternatives ! Paul Steinhardt, California Institute of Technology

SCHOOLOFNATURALSCIENCES Princeton University April 1

Astrophysics Seminar ! Reading the Record of Ancient Impacts ! Peter Goldreich, Professor, School of Natural Sciences 56 April 3 May 6 Predictions of the Dynamics of Influenza

Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! From Massive Astrophysics Seminar ! Very High Energy Infections ! Raúl Rabadán, Member, School Cores to Massive Stars ! Mark Krumholz, Gamma-Ray Sources ! Felix Aharonian, of Natural Sciences Princeton University Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics July 3 April 7 May 8 The Simons Center for Systems Biology

Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! The Search for Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Binaries Near Seminar ! The Microtubule-Destabilizing Protein the Origin of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts ! Ehud Massive Black Holes ! Clovis Hopman, Stathmin/Op18 in Human Cancer – A Link to Nakar, California Institute of Technology Leiden University p53? ! Stephan Singer, University of Heidelberg April 8 May 9

Astrophysics Seminar ! The Era of Comparative Astrophysics Seminar ! Carbon Monoxide and July 10 –11 Exoplanetology ! David Charbonneau, CII 158 Micron Line Emission from Merging The Simons Center for Systems Biology Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Galaxies as a CMB Foreground:Tomography of Seminar ! Mathematical Problems in Genome

the Star Forming Universe ! Rashid Sunyaev, Biology ! Michael Wigler, Cold Spring April 10 Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics Harbor Laboratory

Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! The Inner Workings of Spiral Galaxies with Star-Forming May 13 July 12–13

Nuclear Rings ! Jesus Falcon-Barroso, Astrophysics Seminar ! Galactic Disks ! Ken The Simons Center for Systems Biology European Space Research and Technology Freeman,The Australian National Seminar ! Biology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Centre University Biology:What Are Some of the Problems that Need Mathematics and Physics? ! George M. April 14 May 15 Whitesides, Harvard University

Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Discussion on Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! A Simple Probing Mass Assembly in the Early Universe ! Theory of Hydrogen Shocks ! Kevin Heng, July 20 Kirsten Shapiro, University of California, University of Colorado; Member, School of Parkinson’s Disease Meeting ! Genetic Causes Berkeley Natural Sciences of Parkinson’s Disease ! Maral Mouradian, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New April 15 May 20 Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical

Astrophysics Seminar ! Star Formation: Disks, Astrophysics Seminar ! Beyond the Perfect School ! The p53 Pathway and the Brain ! Jets, and Bipolar Outflows ! Frank Shu, Machine ! Tim de Zeeuw, European Arnold J. Levine, Professor, School of University of California, San Diego Southern Observatory Natural Sciences

April 16 May 27 July 24

Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Discussion on Astrophysics Seminar ! Super Earths or Super The Simons Center for Systems Biology the Status of and Future Prospects for CMB Venuses? ! Raymond T. Pierrehumbert, Seminar ! Uncovering the Transcriptional Measurements ! Lyman Page, Princeton The University of Chicago Complexity of the Human Genome in the University ENCODE Project ! Roderic Guigó, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, and April 17 The Simons Center for Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Cosmology with Gravitational Wave Standard Sirens ! Systems Biology Activities September 28 Daniel Holz, Los Alamos National The Simons Center for Systems Biology Laboratory July 2–3 Seminar ! The Evolutionary Genomics of p53 Meeting ! p53 Regulation of Genes in the Influenza Virus ! Eddie Holmes, Center April 22 Nervous System ! Zhaohui Feng ! The for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The COLO AUA SCIENCES NATURAL OF SCHOOL Astrophysics Seminar ! Cosmic Carbon Cancer Institute of New Jersey ! p53 Pennsylvania State University, and Fogarty Chemistry ! Pascale Ehrenfreund, Leiden Regulation of the Endosomal Compartment ! International Center, National Institutes of University Xin Yu,The Cancer Institute of New Health Jersey ! Finding Functional Single Nucleotide April 24 Polymorphisms Using the NCI-60 Cancer Cell October 5 Alexei Vazquez Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! The Panel ! , Member, School The Simons Center for Systems Biology Eddington Limit in Cosmic Rays:An Explanation of Natural Sciences ! Regulation of p63 Seminar ! Modeling Influenza Infection and for the Observed Faintness of Starbursting Protein Turnover ! Yingchun Li, Columbia Vaccination ! Alan Perelson, Los Alamos

Galaxies ! Aristotle Socrates, Princeton University ! RPS7 Is Both an Effector and National Laboratory University Affector of Mdm2 ! Yan Zhu, Columbia University ! Senescence and the Innate Immune October 8 April 29 System in Liver Cirrhosis ! Valery The Simons Center for Systems Biology Krizhanovsky Astrophysics Seminar ! How Cold Is Cold Dark , Cold Spring Harbor Seminar ! Nuclear Localization of an L1

Matter: dSph Galaxies as Cosmological Probes ! Laboratory ! An In Vivo RNAi Screen for New Retrotransposon Protein in Human Cancers ! Gerry Gilmore, University of Cambridge Tumor Suppressor Genes ! Anka Bric, Cold Chris Harris,The Verto Institute Spring Harbor Laboratory ! Deregulation April 30 of the Translation Initiation Machinery in October 10 Scott Lowe Astrophysics Seminar ! The Massive Black Hole Tumorigenesis ! , Cold Spring The Simons Center for Systems Biology at the Center of the Milky Way ! Reinhard Harbor Laboratory ! Androgen Receptor in Group Meeting Genzel, Max Planck Institute for Prostate Cancer ! Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Extraterrestrial Physics Columbia University ! Influenza Virus: 57 October 12 December 19 February 22 The Simons Center for Systems Biology The Simons Center for Systems Biology The Simons Center for Systems Biology

Seminar ! Cancer Biology and Cognitive Group Meeting Symposium ! Towards Statistical Biology: Some Neuroscience: Unexpected Common Interests ! Simple Examples ! Stanislas Leibler,The Marcus E. Raichle, M.D.,Washington January 8 Rockefeller University ! The Evolution of University in St. Louis The Simons Center for Systems Biology Influenza ! Raúl Rabadán, Member, School Seminar ! From Networks to Hyperstructures ! of Natural Sciences ! New Approaches to the October 19 Nils Baas, Norwegian University of Study of Size Regulation in Mammalian Cells ! The Simons Center for Systems Biology Science and Technology Mark W. Kirschner, Harvard Medical

Seminar ! Searching for Viral Genes that School ! Suppression of Immediate-Early Viral Modulate Host Regulatory Pathways ! James January 9 Gene Expression by Herpesvirus-Coded M. Pipas, University of Pittsburgh The Simons Center for Systems Biology microRNAs: Implications for Latency ! Seminar ! Complex Genetics of Childhood Jiri Vanicek, École Polytechnique Fédérale October 23 Leukemia Susceptibility ! M. Tevfik Dorak, de Lausanne ! Exploring the Diversity of the The Simons Center for Systems Biology Humigen, LLC,The Institute for Genetic T-cell Repertoire ! Harlan Robins, Fred Group Meeting Immunology Hutchinson Cancer Research Center ! Stress and Natural Selection in Humans ! Gurinder November 16 January 24 Atwal, Member, School of Natural

The Simons Center for Systems Biology The Simons Center for Systems Biology Sciences ! Genomics and Medicine in the Twenty- Seminar ! Life at Low Molecule Number ! Terry Group Meeting first Century ! Eric S. Lander, Broad Sejnowski, Salk Institute Institute January 25 November 19 The Simons Center for Systems Biology March 4

The Simons Center for Systems Biology Seminar ! Quest for the lp36 Tumor Suppressor: The Simons Center for Systems Biology Seminar ! Who’s Afraid of Chaotic Networks? Mouse Holds the Key ! Anindya Bagchi, Seminar ! Co-adapted Alleles and the Evolution Models of Sensory and Motor Processing in the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory of Complex Traits ! Gary A. Churchill,The Face of Spontaneous Neuronal Activity ! Larry Jackson Laboratory Abbott, Columbia University February 6 The Simons Center for Systems Biology March 6

November 26 – 27 Seminar ! Cell Fate Decisions in Multi-Potent The Simons Center for Systems Biology NF-kappa B Oscillation Workshop ! Cells:Towards a Formal Description of Group Meeting Introduction and p53-MDM-2 ! Arnold J. Waddington’s Epigenetic Landscape ! Sui Levine, Professor, School of Natural Huang, Institute for Biocomplexity and March 26

Sciences ! Does Temporal Regulation of NF-kB Informatics, University of Calgary, and The Simons Center for Systems Biology Activity Constitute a Specificity Code? ! Alex Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Seminar ! Biophysical Constraints on the Hoffman, University of California, San Antigenic Evolution of Influenza ! Jesse Diego ! Interference Between the NF-kappa B February 8 Bloom, California Institute of Technology and p53 Circuits ! Andrei Gudkov, Roswell The Simons Center for Systems Biology Park Cancer Institute ! Do p53 Oscillations Seminars ! Stress and Natural Selection in March 27 Carry Information Downstream? ! Gustavo A. Humans ! Gurinder Atwal, Member, School The Simons Center for Systems Biology Stolovitsky, IBM Thomas J. Watson of Natural Sciences ! Identifying Single Group Meeting Research Center,Yorktown Heights, New Nucleotide Polymorphisms that Affect Human

York ! Oscillation Patterns in Genetic Regulation: Cancer Using the NCI60 Cell Panel ! Alexei March 28 Hes1, p53-mdm2, and NF-kB ! Mogens Vazquez, Member, School of Natural The Simons Center for Systems Biology Høgh Jensen, Niels Bohr Institute, Sciences ! Towards Understanding the Regulatory Seminar ! Neutral Mutations and Gene Surfing University of Copenhagen ! Similarities and Networks of Estrogen and Androgen Receptors ! in Microorganisms ! David Nelson, Harvard Differences in the p53-mdm2 and NF-kB Feed- Jun Song, Member, School of Natural University

Back Loops ! Sandeep Krishna, Niels Bohr Sciences ! Great Ideas of Biology ! Paul Institute, University of Copenhagen Nurse,The Rockefeller University April 4 The Simons Center for Systems Biology

November 28 February 13 Seminar ! Towards a Comprehensive The Simons Center for Systems Biology The Simons Center for Systems Biology Understanding of Cellular Metabolism ! Joshua Seminar ! Efficiency of Carcinogenesis With and Seminar ! Comprehensive Transposon Mapping D. Rabinowitz, Princeton University Without a Mutator Mutation ! Robert A. in the Human Genome ! Kathleen Burns, Beckman, Merck & Co., Inc. The Johns Hopkins Hospital April 10 The Governor’s Conference on Effective December 5 February 14 Partnering in Cancer Research: Stem Cells

Influenza Group Meeting The Simons Center for Systems Biology and Cancer ! Dissecting Cell Fate Regulation in Group Meeting Stem Cells ! Ihor Lemischka, Mount Sinai

December 7 School of Medicine ! MicroRNAs: Maestros of The Simons Center for Systems Biology February 15 Hematopoiesis ! Curt I. Civin, Johns Hopkins Seminar ! Orchestration of the Inflammatory The Simons Center for Systems Biology School of Medicine ! The Wnt Target Gene

SCHOOLOFNATURALSCIENCES Response by Transcription Factors and Seminar ! Membrane Mechanics:Translating Lgr5,A Marker for Adult Stem Cells in Multiple MicroRNAs ! David Baltimore, California Biophysical Models into Subcellular Tissues ! Hans Clevers, Netherlands Institute of Technology Organization ! Kerwyn Huang, Institute for Developmental Biology ! Cancer Princeton University Stem Cells and Malignant Progression ! Robert A. Weinberg,Whitehead Institute, 58 Massachusetts Institute of Technology ! Direct May 27 Surgeons, Columbia University and Howard Visualizations of Mammary Stem Cell Dynamics The Simons Center for Systems Biology Hughes Medical Institute ! Exploring the

In Vivo: Implications for Breast Cancer ! Yibin Seminars ! Modeling the Estrogen Receptor Diversity of the T-cell Repertoire ! Harlan Kang, Princeton University ! Stem Cells or Network: Distal Enhancers and CTCF Robins, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research

Sushi?: Zebrafish as a Leukemia and Stem Cell Insulators ! Jun Song, Member, School of Center Transplant Model ! Hatem Sabaawy,The Natural Sciences ! The Evolution of Influenza Cancer Institute of New Jersey A ! Raúl Rabadán, Member, School of Panel II ! Where Do We Go From Here? ! Natural Sciences ! Protein Sectors:A Case Donald E. Ganem, University of Discussion ! Cancer Stem Cells ! Arnold J. Study ! Olivier Rivoire,The Rockefeller California, San Francisco ! Michael Levine, Professor, School of Natural University ! Population Dynamics in Closed Krasnitz, Member, School of Natural Sciences ! Robert A. Weinberg,Whitehead Ecosystems ! Doeke Hekstra,The Sciences ! Joshua B. Plotkin, University of Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Rockefeller University ! Simpson’s Paradox in a Pennsylvania ! Raúl Rabadán, Member, Technology Synthetic Microbial System of Producers and Non- School of Natural Sciences

producers ! John Chuang,The Rockefeller April 17 University The Simons Center for Systems Biology Group Meeting May 29 – 30 HIV Vaccine Conference:Why do we not yet

April 18 have an HIV vaccine? ! HIV Vaccinology:An The Simons Center for Systems Biology Historical Perspective and a Fresh Look ! Seminar ! Growing Brain Tumors In Silico ! Margaret Johnston for Anthony S.

Salvatore Torquato, Princeton University; Fauci, National Institutes of Health ! A Member, School of Natural Sciences Perspective on HIV Vaccine Research ! Peter S. Kim, Merck Research Laboratories ! Merck’s April 23 HIV-1Vaccine: How Well Did the STEP Trial The Simons Center for Systems Biology Test the CMI Hypothesis for a Prophylactic

Seminar ! Dynamics of Gene Expression and Vaccine? ! John W. Shiver, Merck Research Signal Transduction in Single Cells: Noise, Laboratories ! Durable Control of HIV Feedback, and Survival ! Alexander van Replication ! Bruce D. Walker, Massachusetts Oudenaarden, Massachusetts Institute General Hospital, Harvard Medical School of Technology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute ! A Different Approach ! David Baltimore, April 24 California Institute of Technology ! Reverse The Simons Center for Systems Biology Immunization:A Novel Model for In Vivo SIV

Group Meeting Neutralization ! Philip R. Johnson,The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and May 12 University of Pennsylvania School of

The Simons Center for Systems Biology Medicine ! Regulatory T-cells in Autoimmunity Seminar ! Telomere Dynamics and Cell and Infection ! Alexander Y. Rudensky, Proliferation in Cancer and Aging With and University of Washington ! Knowledge and Without Telomerase ! Krastan B. Blagoev, Knowledge Gaps ! Rino Rappuoli, Novartis National Science Foundation Vaccines and Diagnostics ! Innate Control of Adaptive Immunity ! Ruslan Medzhitov, May 14 Yale University School of Medicine and The Simons Center for Systems Biology Howard Hughes Medical Institute Seminar ! Deciphering Transcriptional Regulatory COLO AUA SCIENCES NATURAL OF SCHOOL Networks in Cancer ! Myles Brown, Harvard Panel I ! Vaccines ! Adel A. F. Mahmoud, Medical School and Dana-Farber Cancer Princeton University ! Alan Bernstein, Institute Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise ! Dennis R. Burton,The Scripps Research Institute ! May 15 Mark B. Feinberg, Merck & Co., Inc. ! Joint Meeting ! p53 Regulation of Energy Wayne C. Koff, International AIDS Vaccine

Metabolism and the Central Nervous System ! Initiative ! Rino Rappuoli, Novartis Vaccines Zhaohui Feng,The Cancer Institute of and Diagnostics New Jersey ! The M30 Apoptosense Assay as a Marker of Apoptosis ! Mika Sovak,The How Effective are CTLs in HIV and SIV

Cancer Institute of New Jersey ! The PALB2- Infections ! Angela McLean, University of BRCA2 Pathway in Breast Cancer and Fanconi Oxford ! Nonhuman Primates: Partners in AIDS Anemia ! Bing Xia,The Cancer Institute of Vaccine Research ! Neal Nathanson, New Jersey University of Pennsylvania School of

Medicine ! A Protective HIV Vaccine Must May 16 Effectively Control the Acute Virus Infection ! The Simons Center for Systems Biology Malcolm A. Martin, National Institute of Seminar ! How Insulin and TGF-β Signaling Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National

Influence C. elegans Lifespan and Reproduction ! Institutes of Health ! Virus Restriction Factors Coleen Murphy, Princeton University and Innate Immunity: ZAP and TRIM ! Stephen P.Goff, College of Physicians and 59 Prospects in Theoretical Physics

Prospects in Theoretical Physics (PiTP), is an intensive two-week summer program geared specifically to graduate students and postdoctoral scholars considering a career in theoretical physics. First held at the Institute in 2002, Prospects inTheoretical Physics has, in past years, covered topics ranging from the Large Hadron Collider to string theory. The program builds upon the strong relationship between the research groups at the Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University. Representatives from both institutions are among the program’s organizers and lecturers. PiTP encourages the participation of women, minorities, and students from smaller institutions that do not have extensive programs in theoretical physics. The 2008 Prospects inTheoretical Physics program was held from July 14 to 25 on the campus of the Institute. The theme of the 2008 program was “Strings and Phenomenology.” This program was designed for string theorists who wanted to learn about issues of compactification relevant to phenomenology and cosmology, and for phenomenologists who wanted to learn about strings and their applications to phenomenology. The topics in strings and phenomenology were chosen so as to make the maximum contact between the two fields. Over 125 individuals were officially enrolled in the program, with a majority of the visiting students living in the Institute’s housing complex during the two-week program. Moreover, the program lectures attracted many students, postdocs, and professors from nearby institutions. The Prospects in Theoretical Physics program is under the direction of Chiara R. Nappi, a Professor of Physics at Princeton University, who is assisted by a local organizing committee of area physicists. This year’s organizers and Program Directors were John Schwarz of the California Institute of Technology and HermanVerlinde of Princeton University. In addition to the organizers, lecturers included: Nima Arkani-Hamed (Institute for Advanced Study), Luis E. Ibáñez (Univerisdad Autónoma de Madrid), Shamit Kachru (Stanford University), Hans-Peter Nilles (Physikalisches Institut der Universität Bonn), Stuart Raby (The Ohio State University), and Edward Witten (Institute for Advanced Study). Prospects in Theoretical Physics 2008 was supported by The Concordia Foundation.

The 2008 Prospects inTheoretical Physics program, “Strings and Phenomenology,”was designed for string theorists who wanted to learn about the issues of compactification relevant to phenomenology and cosmology, and for phenomenologists who wanted to learn about strings and their applications to phenomenology. Over 125 individuals participated in the program, and the program lectures attracted many students, postdocs, and professors from nearby institutions. SCHOOLOFNATURALSCIENCES

60 ANDREA KANE PHOTOS RANDALL HAGADORN DINAH KAZAKOFF The School of Social Science

Faculty Danielle Allen, UPS Foundation Professor Eric S. Maskin,Albert O. Hirschman Professor Joan Wallach Scott, Harold F.Linder Professor

Professors Emeriti Albert O. Hirschman Michael Walzer

ACADEMICACTIVITIES

he School of Social Science invited twenty scholars from a pool of 196 applicants from the United States and abroad to be part of the School’s scholarly community as Members for the 2007–08 aca- Tdemic year. FourVisitors and two Research Assistants also participated in the year’s activities, as well as a Director’s Visitor who formerly served as a United Nations diplomat. The National Endowment for the Humanities partially or fully funded three Members. Economists were supported by grants from the Leon Levy Foundation and Institute Trustee Roger W. Ferguson, Jr., as well as the Richard B. Fisher and the Deutsche Bank Memberships. Fields of inquiry of the group included law, political science, economics, anthropology,history,and sociology. The thematic focus for 2007–08 was “The Rule of Law under Pressure.” The pressure comes from the “war on terrorism” (and other wars) and from the claim that military and political emergencies require the expansion of executive power and the violation of conventional moral norms. The group was interested in exploring all these issues as they arise, and as they have arisen, in political life: dirty hands, Machiavellian princes, emergency powers, the debate about torture, and so on. They were also interested in the opposite of these: constitutionalism, limited government, judicial review, and civil liberties. How does the rule of law work to protect ordinary citizens? What is the role of judges and courts in main- taining the rule of law? When do the “needs of the hour” override constitutional limits? What does “necessity” mean in politics and war, and who decides when it comes into play?

The School conducted three seminar series—the Social Science Thursday Luncheon Seminar;“The Rule of SCIENCE SOCIAL OF SCHOOL Law under Pressure” Thematic Seminar, which expanded its activities to include a monthly film screening and discussion group; and the IAS/Princeton University Economics Workshop. In June, the School served as the host site for a three-day conference, “Justice, Culture, and Tradition,” organized by former Member Yitzhak Benbaji with the support of the Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, recognizing Professor Michael Walzer’s contributions to the ethical and political philosophy of the twentieth century. The School also continued publication of its series of Occasional Papers and Economics Working Papers, which can be accessed online from the Institute’s website. The School of Social Science is particularly proud of the 2007 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel that was bestowed on Professor Eric Maskin this year. Maskin is the fifth Institute Faculty member to have become a Nobel Laureate. UPS Foundation Professor Danielle Allen spent much of the year drafting a book on the Declaration of Independence and a book on the role of philosophy in politics, both for publication in 2009. She also published commentary on the presidential primaries and began research on the impact of the Internet on poli- 63 64 SCHOOLOFSOCIALSCIENCE

CLIFF MOORE ilapa nAai rnlto n2009. in translation Arabic in appear and will Bulgarian into translated been already Veil schools, public in headscarves Islamic banning law French the 2004 on book Scott’s Wallach Joan Professor ea eerho h matof impact the on research began h erdatn oko the on book a drafting year the hlspyi oiis h also She politics. in philosophy ulse omnayo the on commentary published rfso le pn uhof much spent Allen Professor PictnUiest rs,20) has 2007), Press, University (Princeton elrto fIndependence of Declaration rsdnilpiaisand primaries presidential n oko h oeof role the on book a and h nento politics. on Internet the h oiiso the of Politics The ae noBlainadwl peri rbctasaini 09 h also She 2009. in translation in Critique,” Arabic in as trans- appear Writing been “History will already published and has Bulgarian It Press. into University lated schools, Princeton public by published in was headscarves Veil, Islamic banning law French h pk oteWrdAfisCuclo otenClfri n aea gave and California Northern Berkeley; of Council California, Affairs World of the Kentucky. to of University spoke University She the the and University; NYU; Columbia;Yale;Temple; Cornell Princeton; of at edition lectured Korean A Routledge). al., Family et Jenkins, Keith aodF idrProfessor Linder F. Harold nDcme 07 letO isha Professor Hirschman O. Albert 2007, com- December May In “The its on Pressure.” at seminar under yearlong Law College School’s of the and Forest Rule led Board, Lake she Institute, Prize from the The Pulitzer degree of mencement.At Board the honorary the on an to served received appointed Foundation, was at She Mellon Institute. College, W. lectures Andrew the Mawr and at Bryn University Austin, and College, at Bristol Texas Reed at of University Lectures University,The Blackwell Lehigh the gave She tics. uaeLtesdge rmBr olg,adteNblMmra Prize Memorial in Nobel Award of the and Kempe Economics. Doctor College, the Bard in the a from to Award, received degree elected Week Letters also EFR-Business was Humane the Maskin He Economics, Sciences. Eric President year, Environmental in of Vice Executive This Studies Society. Academy as Advanced Theory National term two-year Game for a the Economic Institute begin of in 2008, also University’s School will In Summer Hebrew He Tiajuana. Jerusalem. the The and of at Taipei directorship in Theory the assuming and repeated is Economics, in and Maskin University, of and evolution Princeton of Tiajuana, School University, Havana, University, Yale effect Stockholm York Lagos, the New on at inequality Stockholm, lectures income games Jeddah, gave rising in he of Finally, Institute Jerusalem. subject lectures the the and public on Irvine, Kong, California, spoke in Hong Taipei, of Seville, He Study. University in Advanced the lectures design. for at public mechanism and of of Frankfurt theory subject and the the in also work was his This on Lecture Memorial Nobel catoe ihLusTly a ulse hsya.PoesrScott Professor year. this published was LouiseTilly) with (coauthored onWlahScott ’s Wallach Joan uigteaaei er2007–08, Emeritus year academic Professor the During of Academy Sciences. American and Arts the a of elected was fellow the She Irvine. delivered California, University of the she at May, lectures Wellek the Rene in at and Chapel Hill, lecture at Carolina North Reckford of University gave Mary she February, the In Law. Economics, of College Westminster of the and College, School at Birkbeck lectured London she January, the in London City. York New In in center the Alwan, cultural at Arab book new her on seminar aeteToa oeLcueat Lecture More Thomas the gave aietsfrHistory for Manifestos e oko h 2004 the on book new rcS Maskin S. Eric oe,Wr,and Work, Women, ihe Walzer Michael h oiiso the of Politics The eie by (edited aehis gave RANDALL HAGADORN fJustice Liberalism of Egalitarian More a Passion:Toward and nLbnn2006 to Lebanon Reflections on Death: Pennsylvania and “War of present Cross- University a the visited in Walzer Perspective.” Cultural Philosophy of Future Political The the international Society: and Harmonious the Reason “Public at key- conference the speaker was note he where University, Tsinghua to Beijing to journeyed then Netherlands, University, the Radboud nBulgarian, in nvriisaon h ol ovndt ou nsc oisa “The as the Walzer topics and Society, such Civil Recognition.” on “Multiculturalism, of and and focus fromPolitics Ethics” Culture, Conferees to of Study. convened “Justice, View Advanced world Interpretive for on the Institute around conference the universities at three-day held was a Tradition,” becoming three his Emeritus, commemorate of to series Professor June, Washington—a and In Politics.” of Samuel “Biblical University the on gave the presentations also at He Lectures prize. Spinozalens Stroum the simultane- Althea of published awarding was interview, the an in to entitled and essays, ously Dutch other award lecture, in Palace his Peace Spinozalens of book The prised at A 2008 Justice” Hague. Global The and juried in “Local on the lectured Morality. and received Amsterdam and Walzer recently, Poverty Most on Con- Michael ference Ethikon the as at of served reactor-at-large he Angeles, Work Los Walzer.” In The Philo- Living participate sophers: on “Symposium to the in York, New Albany, nNvme 07 lob ae rnlto of translation A Yale. by His also Press. 2007, November University Yale in by published book, thought recent most political Jewish the of on focused history project collaborative comprehensive a PoliticalTradition, Jewish scretywrigo h hr oue(ffu rjce)of projected) four (of volume third the on working currently is nPls,and Polish, in hc n hn oa rueta oeadAbroad and Home at Argument Moral Thin: and Thick ,” hnigPltcly sasi PoliticalTheory in Essays Politically: Thinking n in College, Siena and utadUjs Wars Unjust and Just nGreek. in com- , Boundaries Without Justice perdi Japanese, in appeared nToleration On a published was , a released was and Spheres Politics The h rsueta oe rmte“a on “war the from comes that pressure the fLwudrPesr, hc oue on focused which Pressure,” under Law of nEoois pk oteIsiuecom- Institute the to spoke Economics, in uiyaotmcaimdsg nMay. in design mechanism about munity colsyaln eia n“h Rule “The on seminar yearlong School’s wre h 07NblMmra Prize Memorial Nobel 2007 the awarded eonzdWle’ otiuin othe to contributions Walzer’s recognized rfso mrtsMcalWle was Walzer Michael Emeritus Professor rfso rcMsi rgt,wowas who (right), Maskin Eric Professor mrece eur h xaso of expansion the require emergencies rdto, he-a ofrnethat conference three-day Tradition,” a errs”(n te as n from and wars) other (and terrorism” tia n oiia hlspyo the of philosophy political and ethical xctv oe n h ilto of violation the and power executive rfso aileAln(et e the led (left) Allen Danielle Professor h ooe f“utc,Clue and Culture, “Justice, of honoree the h li htmltr n political and military that claim the ovninlmrlnorms. moral conventional wnit century. twentieth

CLIFF MOORE CLIFF MOORE

65 COLO OILSCIENCE SOCIAL OF SCHOOL MEMBERS,VISITORS, Alan B. Krueger October 3 Economics ! Princeton University The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic AND RESEARCH STAFF Leon Levy Foundation Member Seminar ! Organizing Meeting

Lisa J. Laplante October 4 Lakhdar Brahimi Law Praxis Institute for Social Justice, Lima, Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar Political Science Institute for Advanced Study ! ! ! ! Peru Military Futurology and the Return of the Third dv World ! Ian Roxborough, Stony Brook Patrick Macklem University,The State University of New York; Benjamin Brower Law University of Toronto Visitor, School of Social Science History Texas A&M University n ! ! ! Louise and John Steffens Founders’ Circle Member National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow October 10 Helen Nissenbaum IAS/Princeton University Economics Edmund Burke III Philosophy New York University v, s Workshop Markets for Information Piero History University of California, Santa ! ! ! ! ! Gottardi, University of Venice; Visitor, Cruz v, f ! Daijiro Okada School of Social Science Economics Rutgers,The State University of Mary L. Dudziak ! New Jersey October 11 Law University of Southern California Law ! Richard B. Fisher Membership Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar School ! Democracy and Discourse Michael Walzer, Ginny and Robert Loughlin Founders’ Circle ! Bruno Perreau Professor Emeritus, School of Social Science Member Political Science ! Sciences Po, Paris Florence Gould Foundation Membership October 17 Leonard C. Feldman Rethinking War:A Film Series and Political Science ! University of Oregon Ralf Poscher Discussion Group ! All Quiet on the Law Ruhr Universität Bochum Western Front Ariel Furstenberg ! Political Science Tel-Aviv University and ! Nancy Ries October 18 Shalom Hartman Institute, Jerusalem ! a Anthropology ! Colgate University Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Human Uniqueness: Scale of Kinship-Independent Piero Gottardi Ian Roxborough Cooperation ! Daijiro Okada, Rutgers,The Economics ! University of Venice ! v Sociology ! Stony Brook University,The State State University of New Jersey; Member, University of New York v School of Social Science A. B. Huber ! Literature University of California, Berkeley a ! ! Hilary Silver October 24 Sociology Brown University n IAS/Princeton University Economics Jonathan Hyslop ! ! National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow Workshop Expectational Coordination in History University of the Witwatersrand ! ! Two Classes of Economic Models: Strategic Funding provided by the Association of Members of Brian Z. Tamanaha Complementarities versus Strategic the Institute for Advanced Study (AMIAS) Law ! St. John’s University School of Law Substitutabilities ! Roger Guesnerie, Paris-Jourdan Sciences Économiques G. John Ikenberry Olivier Tercieux Political Science Princeton University n ! ! Economics CNRS and École Normale The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow ! Supérieure, Paris Seminar ! Is the Constitution Failing? Carl Deutsche Bank Membership Schmitt and the New American Anti-terrorist Michael M. Karayanni State Ellen Kennedy, University of Law The Hebrew University of Jerusalem ! ! Sari Wastell Pennsylvania; Member, School of Social Funding provided by the Friends of the Institute Anthropology Goldsmiths, University of Science for Advanced Study ! London October 25 Navin Kartik f First Term s Second Term Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar Economics University of California, San ! ! ! ! v Visitor a Research Assistant Social Exclusion: Meanings and Mechanisms Diego ! ! ! dv Director’sVisitor n NEH Supported Hilary Silver, Brown University; Member, The Roger W.Ferguson, Jr., and Annette L. ! School of Social Science Nazareth Membership October 31 R. Daniel Kelemen IAS/Princeton University Economics Political Science Rutgers,The State University RECORDOFEVENTS ! Workshop Opinions as Incentives Navin of New Jersey ! ! September 27 Kartik, University of California, San Diego; Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar Member, School of Social Science Ellen Kennedy ! Understanding Legal Pluralism: Past to Present, Political Science University of Pennsylvania ! Local to Global Brian Z. Tamanaha, St. November 1 Rosanna and Charles Jaffin Founders’ Circle !

SCHOOLOFSOCIALSCIENCE John’s University School of Law; Member, Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Member School of Social Science What is International Human Rights Law? Three Applications of a Distributive Approach ! Patrick Macklem, University of Toronto; Member, School of Social Science 66 November 7 December 12 February 7

The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Seminar ! The Profession and Vocation of Seminar ! Globalization as a Challenge for Separate We Stand, Religious Matching under Politics ! Danielle Allen, UPS Foundation Constitutional Law ! Ralf Poscher, Ruhr- Israeli Adoption Law ! Michael M. Professor, School of Social Science Universität Bochum; Member, School of Karayanni,The Hebrew University of Social Science Jerusalem; Member, School of Social Science Rethinking War:A Film Series and

Discussion Group ! Z Rethinking War:A Film Series and Discussion February 13 Group ! The Specialist: Portrait of a Modern The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic November 8 Criminal Seminar ! Judging Necessity: Democracy and Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Extra-Legalism ! Leonard C. Feldman, Potato Ontology: Surviving Postsocialism in December 13 University of Oregon; Member, School of

Russia ! Nancy Ries, Colgate University; Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Social Science Member, School of Social Science The Victims of Terrorism and Just WarTheory ! Jean-Marc Flükiger, University of Fribourg February 14

November 14 Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! IAS/Princeton University Economics January 16 After the Truth:The Politics of Reparations in Post

Workshop ! National Time Accounting:The The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic Truth Commission Peru ! Lisa J. Laplante, Currency of Life ! Alan B. Krueger, Seminar ! How Do We Know a Genocide When Praxis Institute for Social Justice, Lima, Peru; Princeton University; Member, School of We See It? ! Sari Wastell, Goldsmiths, Member, School of Social Science Social Science University of London; Member, School of Social Science February 21

The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Seminar ! Multiculture Me No More! On January 17 Gandhi, Mandela, and the African Modern ! Multicultural Qualifications and the Palestinian- Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Jonathan Hyslop, University of the Arab Minority of Israel ! Michael M. Competing Conceptions of Necessity in the Witwatersrand; Member, School of Social Karayanni,The Hebrew University of Emergency Powers Debate ! Leonard C. Science Jerusalem; Member, School of Social Science Feldman, University of Oregon; Member, School of Social Science February 27 November 15 The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic

Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! January 23 Seminar ! Martial Law and Military Power in Suing for Europe:The Rise of Adversarial IAS/Princeton University Economics the Construction of the South African State: Jan

Legalism in the European Union ! R. Daniel Workshop ! Continuous Implementation (with Smuts and the “Solid Guarantee of Force” Kelemen, Rutgers,The State University of Marion Oury) ! Olivier Tercieux, CNRS 1899–1924 ! Jonathan Hyslop, University New Jersey; Member, School of Social and École Normale Supérieure, Paris; of the Witwatersrand; Member, School of Science Member, School of Social Science Social Science

November 19 January 24 February 28

IAS/Princeton University Economics Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Workshop ! Implementation with Evidence America and the Crisis of Liberal Internationalism ! Rousseau and the Tradition of the “Social Disclosure (with Bart Lipman) ! Elchanan G. John Ikenberry, Princeton University; Contract” ! Peter Meyers, Université de la Ben-Porath,The Hebrew University of Member, School of Social Science Sorbonne Nouvelle;Visitor, School of Jerusalem Historical Studies January 30 November 28 The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic March 5

The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic Seminar ! The “Dark Side” of the Relationship Rethinking War:A Film Series and Seminar ! Judicial Politics and Independence ! Between the Rule of Law and Liberalism ! Brian Discussion Group ! Secrecy ! Filmmakers

R. Daniel Kelemen, Rutgers,The State Z. Tamanaha, St. John’s University School Peter Galison and Robb Moss SCIENCE SOCIAL OF SCHOOL University of New Jersey; Member, School of of Law; Member, School of Social Science Social Science March 6

January 31 Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! November 29 Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Executive Compensation and Managerial Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! The State of Exception:A Theoretical Approach ! Hedging ! Piero Gottardi, University of Figures of Political Thought: Commercial Man ! Ralf Poscher, Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Venice;Visitor, School of Social Science Ellen Kennedy, University of Pennsylvania; Member, School of Social Science Member, School of Social Science March 12 Rethinking War:A Film Series and Discussion The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic

December 6 Group ! La Historia Oficial ! Brief remarks fol- Seminar ! War Stories and the War Power ! Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! The lowing the film focused on Argentina’s Memory Mary L. Dudziak, University of Southern Colonial Hajj: Muslim Pilgrimage and French of the Dictatorship, by Federico Finchelstein, California School of Law; Member, School of

Rule in Algeria ! Benjamin Brower,Texas The New School Social Science A&M University; Member, School of Social Science February 6 March 13

IAS/Princeton University Economics Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Workshop ! Capacity Investment, Dynamic Rational Herds in Sequential Elections ! Navin Operation, and Intertemporal Budget Balance ! Kartik, University of California, San Diego; Daniel Danau, Independent Scholar Member, School of Social Science 67 March 19 April 24

IAS/Princeton University Economics Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Workshop ! Expanding “Choice” in School Philosophy in Politics:A Case Study ! Danielle Choice ! Yeon-Koo Che, Columbia Allen, UPS Foundation Professor, School of University Social Science

The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic May 1

Seminar ! Humanitarian Intervention and the Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Distribution of Sovereignty in International Law ! What Makes a Terrorist: Economics and the Roots Patrick Macklem, University of Toronto; of Terrorism ! Alan B. Krueger, Princeton Member, School of Social Science University; Member, School of Social Science

March 20 May 7

Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Rethinking War:A Film Series and Discussion The Sexual Imaginary of Political Crises:The Group ! The Colonel Fear of a Gay Disloyalty to the French State since

WWI ! Bruno Perreau, Sciences Po, Paris; May 14 Member, School of Social Science The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic

Seminar ! Alberto Fujimori on Trial in Peru ! March 26 Lisa J. Laplante, Praxis Institute for Social IAS/Princeton University Economics Justice, Lima, Peru; Member, School of Social

Workshop ! Logit-Response Dynamics and Science Comparison of Markov Chains ! Daijiro Okada, Rutgers,The State University of May 21 New Jersey; Member, School of Social The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic

Science Seminar ! Of Law and War ! David Kennedy, Brown University April 3

Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! May 28 Common Knowledge and Coordination ! Film Screening and Discussion ! Southside: Olivier Tercieux, CNRS and École The Fall and Rise of an Inner-City

Normale Supérieure, Paris; Member, Neighborhood ! Hilary Silver, Brown School of Social Science University; Member, School of Social Science

April 9 June 11 The Rule of Law under Pressure Thematic IAS/Princeton University Economics

Seminar ! Combatant Status Review Tribunal Workshop ! An Operational Measure of Transcripts from Guantanamo ! Leonard C. Riskiness ! Sergiu Hart,The Hebrew Feldman, University of Oregon; Member, University of Jersusalem School of Social Science

April 10

Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Law,War, and the History of Time ! Mary L. Dudziak, University of Southern California School of Law; Member, School of Social Science

April 17

Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Closing Time in the Hague: Legacies and Lessons from the International Criminal Tribunal for the

FormerYugoslavia ! Sari Wastell, Goldsmiths, University of London; Member, School of Social Science

April 23 IAS/Princeton University Economics

Workshop ! Let Them Burn Money: Making

Elections More Informative ! Colin Campbell, Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey SCHOOLOFSOCIALSCIENCE

68 The IAS Community

or seventy-eight years, the Institute for Advanced Study has had a profound influence on the fields of study represented here: Historical Studies, Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and Social Science.Any day at Flunch or tea, you will hear leading scientists and scholars from around the world discussing topics as diverse as the response to terrorism, how to combat the next influenza virus, fourteenth-century Mongolian history, the very latest developments in string theory, the mathematical basis of computer security, and many others. Members, who typically stay for one year but some of whom may stay for up to five years, live together with their families in housing adjacent to the Institute campus in what might be described as a true academic vil- lage. Throughout the year, the Office of the Director hosts a broad range of concerts, lectures, programs, and forums, as listed on the following pages. In addition, the Institute offers a series of activities for Members, Visitors, and their families. In the 2007–08 academic year, these included the Institute Film Series, AMIAS Movie Mondays, play readings, ballroom dancing classes, yoga, tennis lessons, trips to local places of interest, and activities for children in the Institute community. H A COMMUNITY IAS THE ANDREA KANE

69 “There are bright people to talk to, interesting lectures to attend, excellent math libraries, and time to think about both the hot topics in mathematics and the subjects that are obscure and not (yet) in the mainstream.”

Record of Events

September 24 Member Welcome Reception

October 5 and 6 Tradition Redefined Concert ! David Krakauer, clarinet; Marija Stroke, piano; Will Holshouser, accordion; and Nicki Parrott, bass ! Beyond Crossover

October 17 Faculty Lecture ! Nicola Di Cosmo, Luce Foundation Professor in East Asian Studies, School of Historical Studies ! The History of Others: Foreign Peoples in Early Chinese Historiography

October 21 Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert ! Basia Danilow, violin; Peter Sanders, cello; Albert Stanziano, piano ! Works by Mozart, Debussy, and Dvorˇák

October 25 Public Lecture ! Charles Simonyi, Institute Trustee and President and CEO, Intentional Software Corporation ! Space Tourist

November 2 Friends Culture and Cuisine ! Sasha Issenberg, writer-at-large for Philadelphia Magazine ! The Sushi Economy: Globalization and the Making of a Modern Delicacy

November 14 Friends Forum ! Lakhdar Brahimi, former Special Adviser to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and Director’sVisitor ! A Visit to Darfur:Any Prospects for Peace?

November 18 Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert ! Alistair MacRae, cello; Heather Conner, piano ! Works by Bach and Rachmaninoff

November 28 Friends Fireside Chat ! Martin J. Sherwin,Walter S. Dickson Professor of English and American History at Tufts University ! American Prometheus

November 30 and December 1 Tradition Redefined Concert ! Maria Bachmann, violin; Simon Mulligan, piano ! The Red Violin

December 5 Faculty Lecture ! Arnold Levine, Professor, School of Natural Sciences ! Tracking Influenza Virus Epidemics over the Past Century: Can We Predict NextYear’s Epidemic?

PHOTO CREDITS,TOPTO BOTTOM: ANDREA KANE, CLIFF MOORE, RANDALL HAGADORN, CLIFF MOORE, ANDREA KANE 70 “I have found inspiration for my work from unexpected sources, such as formal talks focused on subjects very far from my own work, and from informal interactions with other Members and Visitors.”

January 11 Atle Selberg Memorial Program ! Scientific Talks ! Kannan Soundararajan, Stanford University ! Selberg’s Contributions to the Theory of Riemann Zeta Function and Dirichlet L-Functions ! John Friedlander, University of Toronto ! Selberg and the Sieve: A Positive Approach

January 12 Atle Selberg Memorial Program ! Scientific Talks ! Moderated by Robert P.Langlands, Professor Emeritus, School of Mathematics ! Henryk Iwaniec, Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey ! Spectral Theory of Automorphic Forms and Its Impact on Analytic Number Theory ! James Arthur, University of Toronto ! Recent History of the Trace Formula ! Peter Sarnak, Professor, School of Mathematics ! The Selberg Integral, Rankin Selberg Method,Arithmeticity ! Life and Work ! Moderated by Peter Goddard, Director, Institute for Advanced Study ! Enrico Bombieri, IBM von Neumann Professor, School of Mathematics ! Prime Numbers from Erathosthenes to Selberg ! Remembrances and Tributes ! Kai-Man Tsang, University of Hong Kong; Dorian Goldfeld, Columbia University; Brian Conrey, University of Bristol; Dennis Hejhal, University of Minnesota and Uppsala University; Erik Hjorth-Hansen; Betty Compton Selberg; Ingrid Selberg; Lars Selberg; Nils Baas, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; and Peter Goddard

January 13 Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert ! Miranda Cuckson and Annaliesa Place, violins; Stephanie Griffin, viola; Joanne Lin, cello ! Works by Mamlok, Klein, Schnittke, and Janácˇek

January 22 Member Welcome Reception

February 6 Friends Fireside Chat ! Robert Schulman, coeditor of Einstein on Politics ! “Beware of Rotten Compromises”:The Moral Foundations of Einstein’s Politics

February 8 and 9 Tradition Redefined Concert ! Enso String Quartet ! Maureen Nelson and John Marcus, violin; Melissa Reardon, viola; Richard Belcher, cello

February 20 Friends Forum ! Scott Tremaine, Richard Black Professor, School of Natural Sciences ! New Worlds:The Search for Planets Outside the Solar System

February 27 Faculty Lecture ! Danielle Allen, UPS Foundation Professor, School of Social Science ! What to Do with Sound-Bites: On Politics and Propaganda in the Twenty-first Century

PHOTO CREDITS,TOPTO BOTTOM: ALLISON BRIDGE, ROY LAIRD, ANDREA KANE, CLIFF MOORE, ANDREA KANE 71 “Perhaps the major benefit for me of my stay at the Institute is one that is not likely to yield a publication in the immediate future, but rather is an opening of a new research direction (or, rather, a development of an old one with new techniques).”

March 2 Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert/Lecture ! Peter Paret, Professor Emeritus, School of Historical Studies ! Modernism Between Weimar and the Third Reich ! Basia Danilow and Kiri Murakami, violins; Stephanie Griffin, viola; Elizabeth Thompson, cello ! Works by Mendelssohn, Schulhoff, and Webern

March 7 and 8 Tradition Redefined Concert ! Quartet New Generation ! Susanne Frohlich, Andrea Guttmann, Hannah Pape, and Heide Schwarz

March 26 Faculty Lecture ! Peter Sarnak, Professor, School of Mathematics ! Solutions to Equations in Integers

April 2 Leon Levy Lecture ! Alan Krueger, Leon Levy Foundation Member, School of Social Science ! The Lot of the Unemployed

April 13 Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert ! Greg Giannascoli, marimba; Rebecca Edie, piano ! Works by Popper, Abe, and Osada

April 16 Friends Forum ! Jacob Kuriyan, President and CEO of Physmark, Inc. ! U.S. Healthcare:A Riddle,Wrapped in a Mystery, Inside an Enigma

April 25 Friends Fireside Chat ! John Rassweiler, historian and collector ! Practical Art: Medieval Seals and Signatures

May 2 Faculty Lecture ! Eric S. Maskin,Albert O. Hirschman Professor, School of Social Science ! Mechanism Design: How to Implement Social Goals

May 12 Lecture for the Institute Community ! Eric S. Maskin,Albert O. Hirschman Professor, School of Social Science ! The Implementation of Society’s Goals

May 16 Friends Culture and Cuisine Series ! Marcie Cohen Ferris,Associate Director, Carolina Center for Jewish Studies, University of North Carolina ! Moonlight, Mavens, and Matzoh Balls:A Culinary Exploration of Southern Jewish History

May 21 Faculty Lecture ! Jonathan Israel, Professor, School of Historical Studies ! The Islamic World and the Radical Enlightenment:Toleration, Freethinking, and Personal Liberty

June 17 Staff Picnic PHOTO CREDITS,TOPTO BOTTOM: CLIFF MOORE, RANDALL HAGADORN, CLIFF MOORE, CLIFF MOORE, BENTLEY DREZNER 72 colo itrclSuisMme o ar icse h,atrams 0 er,tecnento fGllosildsub h ahlcChurch. Catholic the disturbs still Galileo of condemnation the years, 400 almost after why, discussed Laird Roy Member Studies Historical of School lne o coe n oebr20 n erayadMrh2009. talks March with and 2008–09 February year the and academic 2008 the of November on in members and resource continue fifty October a will for Conversations as and planned serve Hours fifteen to (www.ids.ias.edu/conversations0708.html), between topics.After program presented. and by the speakers, topics dates, attended for the created was on was views and webpage Harry’s their Hall A in sharing place Dining in took the talks participated talk the actively of ten-minute of who level community, Each a to discussion. Institute upper gave group February the Visitor of or in minutes on Member, Professor, twenty launched and Tuesday, Monday, Bar by Institute followed was Each topic, an environment. Studies, academic March, relaxed an Interdisciplinary and on and February in informal in Program of evening an the School Thursday in the of conversations of Hut inter-School Bynum Walker Piet Caroline encourage by and organized Studies and conceived Historical program a Conversations, Hours After Conversations Hours After

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77 IETRSVISITORS DIRECTOR’S 78 IAS/PCMI

PHOTOS TODD HICKEN wrns fterlso rfsinl nall in occupations. professionals mathematics-based of roles increase the to of serves awareness PCMI, of hallmark a interaction, this interaction; all-institute foster designed to events and activities with seminars combined or lectures high-quality a of group series each offers Session Summer The nttt o dacdSuyPr iyMathematics (PCMI) City Institute Study/Park Advanced for Institute omnPolm,DfeetApoce” hstpcifre the informed topic this Approaches”; Different Geometry: Algebraic Problems, and “Analytic was Common weeks. 2008 three for entire topic the mathematical The for met programs all noted, as Except Session: PCMI Summer the the during by place took well-received programs following were The and crowd hall standing-room-only lecture a participants. main to the PCMI’s Governor delivered from Utah. in welcome were of State of remarks the address of Huntsman’s an Governor Jr., with Huntsman, off Jon Honorable started Session programs. Park all Summer in in The 2008, combined 6–26, participants July 250 held some Session, attracted Utah, City, Summer annual eighteenth The Session Summer Annual The PD as Science Math (known PCMI’s of Project activities teachers academic-year Partnership the mathematics in participate Secondary-school profes- may year-round offerings: has PCMI development Session, Summer sional annual the to addition This In roles occupations. interaction. the mathematics-based of all awareness all-institute in increase professionals to foster serves of with PCMI, offers to of combined hallmark Session seminars designed a or interaction, events Summer lectures and high-quality The of participants. activities series all a Summer strong for group a residential each create community three-week to strives of the which Utah, City, sense is Park in PCMI annually of held Session, activity 1994. out- since flagship an Study The Advanced been for has Institute the PCMI Mathematics, of program of reach Institute School the Study’s with Advanced level.Affiliated mathe- for secondary-school and students, the faculty, at teachers of undergraduate undergraduate matics researchers, program students, including education a community, graduate mathematics is mathematics mathematicians, the (PCMI) research for Institute development Mathematics professional City IAS/Park The olcino etr oe,i ulse and published by is community Society. notes, academic Mathematical and lecture American research the mathematics of the collection to available a made , Series Mathematics City graduate-level the Groups.Additionally, Outreach and Development oko h rdaeSme col h eerhPorm the Program, Research the School, Summer Graduate the of work negaut umrSchool Summer Undergraduate Program Faculty Undergraduate Program Teachers Secondary-School Mathematics in Program Research School Summer Graduate Seminar week) Development Professional Delivering and Designing 3 rPM’ ayProfessional many PCMI’s or ) (one Park Undergraduate Summer School and the Undergraduate Faculty Program. The topic “Knowledge forTeaching Mathematics” provided the focus for the education programs, including the Designing and Delivering Professional Development seminar and the Secondary School Teachers Program. Each of the programs met daily for a series of courses and seminars. The groups also met together for Crossprogram Activities three or four days each week.A complete listing of courses, seminars, and activities of the Summer Session is included within this report.

Graduate Summer School and Research Program The Graduate Summer School and the Research Program were organized by Professor Jeffery McNeal of The Ohio State University and Mircea Mustat¸˘aof the University of Michigan. This year’s program focused on recent developments in the study of higher-dimensional complex algebraic varieties. Over the past three years there has been spectacular progress, coming from both the algebraic and analytic side, on fundamental questions related to birational geometry.While the end result is (almost) the same—namely, the finite generation of the canonical ring—the methods used in the two approaches are very different. The PCMI program brought together these two points of view. In addition to the topics covered by the graduate lectures, the research program explored other active directions in this area. The Graduate Summer School had one hundred and eight applications and the Research Program had fifty- eight.With the addition of financial support from institutional and individual research grants, the program was able to accommodate seventy-five graduate student participants and fifty-one researchers; the stimulating environment of PCMI will leave a lasting mark on the field through the many students who were able to benefit from the courses and from the collaborations forged between the research participants. For graduate students and postdocs who were at the PCMI Summer Session, a year of follow-up workshops and lectures funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) will take place at The Ohio State University.

THE GRADUATE SUMMER SCHOOL The common theme for the 2008 Graduate Summer School was the interaction between analytic and algebraic geometry.While this interaction goes back to classical times, recent breakthroughs in the study of higher-dimensional algebraic varieties, coming from both directions, highlighted the need for wider communication between the two fields.The wide interest in the topic, and the high quality of the lecturers, contributed to the success of this event. There were eight series of lectures, each consisting of five lectures, plus three discussion sessions.The courses were evenly divided between the analytic and the algebraic aspects. In each of the two groups of the lecture series, one series started at an elementary level, and one series built up to the level of current developments. The lecture series were interconnected, with emphasis placed on the techniques employed in the two fields to attack problems of common interest.

THE LECTURE SERIES OF THE GRADUATE SUMMER SCHOOL: L2-Methods for the Dbar-Equation; Bo Berndtsson, Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Göteberg Real and Complex Geometry Meet the Cauchy-Riemann Equations; John P.D’Angelo, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Analytic Approach of the Minimal Model Program and of the Abundance Conjectures; Jean-Pierre Demailly,

Université de Grenoble IAS/PCMI Higher-Dimensional Minimal Model Program; Christopher D. Hacon, University of Utah Introduction to Minimal Models and Flips; János Kollár, Princeton University Multiplier Ideals and Their Applications; Robert Lazarsfeld, University of Michigan Introduction to Resolution of Singularities; Mircea Mustat¸˘a,University of Michigan L2 Methods in Complex Geometry; Dror Varolin, Stony Brook University,The State University of New York

79 80 IAS/PCMI w coasi-eiec ote20 umrSsin oetLzrfl fteUiest fMcia was Michigan of University the of Lazarsfeld Robert Session: welcomed Summer PCMI 2008 Massachusetts, Cambridge, the Institute, to Mathematics Scholars-in-Residence Clay two the of support generous the Through C or day, the during blackboards hallway environment.The the working R aspects, of stimulating evenings. algebraic front a the and in in created analytic continued meeting and between often informal fields balance seminars two during one good the of the a by consisted between field.With program generated divide the lectures.The discussions the remaining in the bridged experts for lectures by stage the given the problems.The talks, set algebraic daily it to two and applications interest, or of surprising ideas lot many introducing a found lecture generated recently a lecture that with Siu, principal,Yum-Tong equations program differential the partial by from opened Sessions. was Summer student Program future diverse Research into the The Clay among incorporated and acquaintances be organizers, early will lecturers, foster and T to the success and introduce great setting to a casual was was a quality. to social intent proved in high that population.The students The very students. event the a an graduate to social, of evening Scholars the were their an Senior and with by with interest popular session formed much three-week audience very generated the an be opened talks to School field.The work Summer the their Graduate Session. in on The Summer talks experts three-week short the the give by of to also end and opportunity the an peers near had presentations participants graduate-student young The of sessions two were There HE LAY ESEARCH utpirIel nAayi:Ps,Peet n uue oehJ on rneo University Princeton Kohn, J. Joseph Future; and Present, Past, Analysis: Cambridge in of Ideals University Birkar, Multiplier Caucher Mathematical Conjecture; for Model Institute Minimal Research The Mori, Shigefumi Conjecture; Elephant General Michigan the Vienna of and University of Bundles Jonsson, University Q-conic Mattias Herbig, Perspective; Birational Forms;Anne-Katrin A on Dynamics: Projection Holomorphic Bergman Siu, the Conjecture;Yum-Tong Abundance of the Regularity and Global Ring Canonical of Generation Finite the to University Approach Princeton Kollár, Analytic János Schemes; Canonical Semi-Log Gluing L Curves;Valery Stable Weighted Hassett’s of Generalizations Technology Higher-Dimensional of and Institute Grassmannians Massachusetts Weighted McKernan, and James Revisited; CNRS Boucksom, Theorem Cone Sebastien Points; The Fekete of Equidistribution and Sections for Holomorphic Institute of Korea Balls Hwang, of Jun-Muk Growth Manifolds; Symplectic Irreducible Projective of Fibrations University for Princeton Kohn, Manifolds J. J. Base Hypersurfaces; Poincaré Real-Analytic Henri Pseudoconvex Université in Campana, Varieties Frederic Complex Classification; Birational and of Orbifolds University Special and Technology of University Washington of Chalmers Berndtsson, University Hacking, Bo Paul Inequalities; Surfaces; Brunn-Minkowski University of Complex Harvard Degenerations Siu, Problem;Yum-Tong with Neumann Associated Partial Bundles Vector the Exceptional University to Harvard Chicago Geometry Siu, Applications;Yum-Tong at Their Algebraic and of Illinois Sheaves Application of Ideal University Multiplier Coskun, of Izzet Spaces; Evolution University Moduli Historic Lehigh Kontsevich Heier, of Gordon Geometry; Geometry Cambridge Complex Birational of in The University Sheaves Ross, Ideal Julius Space; Multiplier Projective Weighted of in Applications 1 Embeddings Rennes and de Orbifolds Université of Mourougane, Stability Christophe Images; Utah Direct of Higher University of Fernex, Positivity De Varieties;Tommaso Normal Arbitrary on Singularities 2 cec,Koo Japan Kyoto, Science, University Harvard lxe,Uiest fGeorgia of University Alexeev, 7 Paris Study Advanced Göteborg R xeso fAjitLn udeScin;Dn i,h nvriyo Chicago of University Kim,The Dano Sections; Bundle Line Adjoint of Extension M ESEARCH ATHEMATICS S MNR TTHE AT EMINARS P ROGRAM I NSTITUTE 08S 2008 S ENIOR UMMER S CHOLAR S ESSION - IN : -R ESIDENCE . both a lecturer in the PCMI Graduate Summer School and the Clay Senior Scholar-in-Residence;Yum-Tong Siu of Harvard University was the program principle of the Research Program for 2008. Both played pivotal roles in the Research Program. Both gave very successful general-audience lectures aimed at the crossprogram PCMI audience, and both engaged in mathematical conversations with the Secondary-School Teachers Program and Undergraduate Faculty Program.The Clay Senior Scholars-in-Residence program, which is in its fifth year at PCMI, has become a keystone to the success of the PCMI Graduate Summer School and Research Program.

Undergraduate Summer School Forty undergraduate students attended the Undergraduate Summer School (USS) at the PCMI Summer Session.As is usual, the USS was organized around two courses, one aimed at introductory-level students and the other intended for students at a more advanced undergraduate level. The introductory course, “Introduction to Algebraic Geometry,” was given by David Perkinson of Reed College.The advanced course was given in two parts, utilizing three different lecturers:“Algorithmic FewnomialTheory,”by J. Maurice Rojas of Texas A&M University; and “Projective Algebraic Geometry and Toric Surfaces,” by Jessica Sidman of Mt. Holyoke College and C. Herbert Clemens of The Ohio State University Both courses were well attended by the undergraduate participants, and several of the mathematicians present for the Undergraduate Faculty Program also attended these courses. Problem sessions were conducted daily by selected graduate students and advanced undergraduate students. For the first time in its history, the USS opened with an evening social, an event that proved to be very useful in fostering relationship-building among the participants.The social was also an excellent venue for introductions of the lecturers and organizers in a casual atmosphere.The evening, attended by all who were associated with the USS,was a huge success and will be incorporated into the PCMI schedule in future years. Another highlight of the 2008 USS was the connection with a Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program held at the University of Utah for the three weeks prior to the PCMI Summer Session.The dual program (REU and PCMI) was organized by Aaron Bertram, who is the Mathematics Department Chair at the University of Utah and a coorganizer of PCMI’s USS. Some twenty of the undergraduates at PCMI attended the REU first, which contributed greatly to their understanding of the mathematical content and gave them a solid immersion in a rich research environment.

Undergraduate Faculty Program For faculty members whose main focus is teaching undergraduate students, the Undergraduate Faculty Program (UFP) at PCMI offers the opportunity to renew excitement about mathematics, talk with peers about new teaching approaches, address some challenging research questions, and interact with the broader mathematical community.The UFP is unique in that it bridges the educational and research objectives of PCMI, attracting both undergraduates and graduate students and teachers from the secondary-school program in addition to the UFP participants. This year’s UFP instructor and coordinator was Thomas Garrity, the William R. Kenan, Jr., Professor of Mathematics at Williams College.The centerpiece of the UFP this year was a compressed introductory lecture course on algebraic geometry,but every lecture was followed by a discussion of teaching techniques. Professor Garrity also met with the participants in a seminar setting every day to discuss the context and breadth of the subject. In addition, the participants of the UFP are producing a manuscript on “Problems in Algebraic IAS/PCMI Geometry,” which they hope to publish. Perhaps more importantly, several of the UFP faculty plan to teach seminars in algebraic geometry in this academic year, buoyed by the support of their fellow participants. “I gained a lot from networking with peers at other undergraduate institutions,” said UFP participant Shawn Robinson, an Assistant Professor at the University of Maine at Presque Isle.“We shared ideas on practical mat- ters ranging from productive use of class meetings to conducting effective hiring searches, and we began a professional collaboration that I’m sure will prove to be productive.” 81 82 IAS/PCMI etae,sbitdtelsost emo esnsuyeprswopoie edako h esn,made lessons, the on feedback provided who experts study lesson con- of given team a around a mathemat- lessons a to designed observe lessons collaboratively to then the means learning.They submitted area, student it assess tent what the considered to order participants into in the investigations classroom session into Practice” ics on springboard “Reflecting a daily coor- curves. the integer became geometric have In ideas and vertices these systems whose and algebraic plane integers, different Cartesian are of the length structure in polynomials side triangles cubic whose and triples, and partic- points Pythagorean SSTP dinates Washington, extreme from generating the past and teacher zeros, to as the a Sinwell, integer materials such for Ben with course questions and PCMI the College explored for of Mudd participants delivery Harvey materials from the D.C.Together, Kerins.The DarrylYong these Bowin by created and facilitated Cuoco was has ipants Al for which by PROMYS of team, led the Craft was the and years, University; Center the seven Development Boston to Educational at the Geometry veterans. from program seasoned and team Teachers to a Algebra teaching by of created of Applications materials year range Mathematics: Teaching,” used one 2007.The one “Developing session, from in of Seminar ran mathematics attendance International participants The PCMI the SSTP the was the of among program part year’s experience including been this teaching had locations who of of geographic Namibia, component from of teacher special variety school a A high Ohio. from and Utah, individuals York, New Maryland, as Mexico, Illinois, came New Alaska, Jersey, teachers New Minnesota, remaining California, the Washington; from and groups Outreach and Development olausbt tPM n oebodytruhtePM est.TeScnaySho Teachers part Secondary-School as PD Texas as in The website. known teachers project PCMI additional Partnership to Science the video-conference Math their through with NSF-funded via mathematics, share broadly the electronically to learning delivered of product more also weeks a and was create three (SSTP) to PCMI together challenging Program working at a and mathematics, both spent teach to colleagues teachers means school it what high on reflecting and school middle Fifty-three Program were Teachers plane.The students Secondary-School the the The onto sphere subject. of the the many for of students; enthusiasm projections graduate and (2) proj- and flair two and Garrity’s created line undergraduate Professor also projective twenty by group real com- on approximately entranced of plane).The the projective role attracted group (1) the the on also (especially working in class class UFP cubics a the the and in by conics created presented inspired of experiences ideas Washington ects concept their new of the on about Based and discussions class. University many numbers UFP had plex the the group secondary-school of the seven weeks of class, three of the the King group pro- in attended a peer and James participants, Geometry” its UFP Analytic of by and sixteen several “Algebraic the led to to out addition teachers reached In UFP Session. mathematics the Summer participation, the crossprogram at on grams focus PCMI’s with keeping In fteffytretahrpriiat,tet a eundfrascn rtidya fpriiaini the in participation of year third or second a PD for the returned from had teachers twenty were twenty-two participants, SSTP; teacher fifty-three the Of Development). Professional o w or ahatron atcpnsto ati n fsvnwriggop ndt nlss func- analysis, data on groups working seven of one in improve. part to took how on participants input afternoon, and feedback each seeking again, hours peers two their For to lesson the of portion a taught and revisions, in,goer,dsrt ahmtc,osraino ecig ece rfsinlcnium n group a and continuum, professional teacher teaching, of observation mathematics, discrete geometry, tions, fie rmteKolsSineTahn onainAs iiigwsHnyKpe,cretPeietof President current Kepner, Henry was program visiting a Mossgrove, Jennifer Foundation.Also Teaching including Science weeks, Knowles three the the as throughout from times revised officer year, various coming at attended the visitors during Several website. reviewed useful appropriate, PCMI and when the interesting classrooms on on technol- in posted articles explored tested and potential groups necessary, be working of UFP.The will PCMI’s drafts of created that part and mathematics activities, as classroom given and course lessons mathematics developed ogy, the in part took that h ainlCuclo eceso ahmtc,wofudtepormsiuaigadarc eorefor resource rich a and stimulating program the found who Mathematics, of teachers. Teachers of Council National the 3 rjc;teohrpriiat ersne CIsProfessional PCMI’s represented participants other the project; 3 PM n itit ate oDevelop to Partner Districts and (PCMI Overall the summer was very successful, with high ratings from the participants on nearly every element of the program.The participation of the PD3 teachers was in keeping with that project’s goals, and interaction with the other PCMI programs continues to grow.A hallmark of the three weeks is the increasingly successful interaction between the mathematicians and the secondary-school teachers, with the Clay Senior Scholars- in-Residence and other speakers providing focused sessions around their work as mathematicians or some aspect of secondary-school mathematics in which they are interested. Challenges remain in finding exactly the right focus for the “Reflecting on Practice” course and in getting the working group products revised and made public in a timely manner.

DESIGNING AND DELIVERING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT During the second week of the SSTP program, twenty-two mathematics supervisors and university faculty attended the one-week workshop on Designing and Delivering Professional Development (DDPD).The participants were from California, Colorado, Hawaii, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico,Texas,and Washington.They included leaders from the PCMI Professional Development and Outreach (PDO) Groups, the three PD3 sites, and others involved in teacher professional development in a variety of ways. The DDPD participants attended the SSTP sessions and, under the leadership of Johnny Lott from the University of Mississippi, spent time considering the role of problem-solving and its treatment in secondary mathematics and in professional development programs. Roger Knobel from The University of Texas–Pan American and Susana Salamanca from New Mexico State University each shared the work they do during the academic year with their PD3 groups. In the other sessions, participants solved problems that introduced concepts and then discussed the process of finding solutions, the reasoning used, and the role of problem- solving in secondary schools. Daily comment cards were used for formative feedback during the week. Lott also provided individual and small-group discussion sessions for those with particular interests or challenges. After several years of struggling to shape the focus of DDPD, this year’s program was again very well received, and participants left with new ways of thinking about aspects of their own work.

International Seminar on Mathematics Education: Bridging Policy and Practice The International Seminar on Mathematics Education, established by PCMI in 2001, was not convened at PCMI in 2008 due to the participation by so many at the 11th International Congress on Mathematics Education (ICME-11) in Monterrey,Mexico, in early July.The International Seminar participants from PCMI gave a presentation to the larger international mathematics education community at ICME, organized by Johnny Lott of the University of Mississippi.They also met together to continue discussions begun in 2007. The International Seminar will reconvene at PCMI in 2009.

Crossprogram Activities Crossprogram Activities take many forms and are a defining feature of PCMI, serving to build understanding, professional respect, and a sense of shared purpose among all the constituents of the mathematical enterprise. Formal and informal Crossprogram Activities were held in the afternoons and evenings during the 2007 Summer Session. Two evenings of “Pizza and Problem Solving” were organized and presented by Andrew Bernoff of Harvey Mudd College. On each of these two evenings between 130 and 160 participants were in attendance, repre- senting all the programs at PCMI.The participants appreciated the opportunity to tackle brainteasers togeth- IAS/PCMI er and present solutions to each other at the end of the evening. George Hart of Stony Brook University,The State University of New York,visited PCMI and gave a hands- on workshop and presentation on mathematical sculptures. Liping Ma, a senior scholar at the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching,gave a presentation on the teaching of fractions in the United States. 83 Other evening activities included the opening and closing dinners for participants and their families, an ice- cream social hosted by the SSTP,the PCMI Film Festival, and a session of building structures with Zometools (also hosted by the SSTP). The full listing of formal Crossprogram Activities is as follows: Address of Welcome by the Honorable Jon Huntsman, Jr., Governor of the State of Utah Using Mathematical Maturity to Shape Our Courses, Our Curriculums, and Our Careers;Thomas Garrity,Williams College Pizza and Problem Solving (2 sessions);Andrew Bernoff, Harvey Mudd College Geometric Sculptures; George Hart, Stony Brook University,The State University of New York Math for America; Irwin Kra, Math for America Teaching Fractions: Comparing Two Different Conceptual Frameworks; Liping Ma, Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Film Presentations: Hard Problems:The Road to the World’sToughest Math Contest Julia Robinson and Hilbert’sTenth Problem The Great Pi/e Debate; with an introduction by Tom Garrity

As the Summer Session progressed, many participants organized sightseeing trips on weekends and sports activities on weekday evenings, such activities being open to anyone who wished to be involved.

CLAY SENIOR SCHOLAR-IN-RESIDENCE LECTURES: The Clay Senior Scholars-in-Residence gave two public lectures. How Many Times Does a Polynomial Vanish at a Point?; Robert Lazarsfeld, University of Michigan From Integrating Square Roots of Polynomials of Degree at Least 3;Yum-Tong Siu, Harvard University

PD3: PCMI and Districts Partner to Design Professional Development PCMI received a three-year Math Science Partnership (MSP) award from the NSF in 2003, the prototype “Institutes award” for the nationwide MSP project at that time. With that award, professional-development partnerships in three diverse school districts were created as part of PD3; Cincinnati (Ohio), McAllen (Texas), and Seattle (Washington) were the initial project sites. In the summer of 2006, PCMI received a two-year continuation of that funding from the NSF,ensuring that the PD3 project will continue through the summer of 2008. In the fall of 2006, the Las Cruces and Gadsden school districts in New Mexico took the place of the Cincinnati project schools; the Cincinnati project was lost through a major change in district personnel and district policy in 2005–06.The Seattle project and the McAllen project will continue to be part of the PD3 program. The PD3 project supports the participation of teachers and district administrators working in concert with university mathematicians and mathematics educators to design professional-development offerings based on PCMI’s three-fold model: 1) continuing to do mathematics, 2) reflection on teaching practice, and 3) becoming and serving as a resource to ones colleagues.Activities at the sites are unique to the needs of each school’s teachers and curriculum, with a core group of teachers expected to attend the PCMI Summer Session each year, either in Park City or via the “e-table” format. The anticipated unit of change is the individual school, with the long-term goal of infusing this process of improvement to other schools and eventually to the entire district. In each of the three school districts, PCMI strives to attain three goals that will bring improvement in teaching and learning mathematics in the school: a) teachers open their doors (to colleagues, administrators, 3 IAS/PCMI and parents) and make teaching public; b) district and building administrators support the PD professional development program; c) teachers serve as leaders in developing and modeling ways to improve mathematics teaching and learning in their buildings and districts.

84 The overall project is currently in its final year of funding from the NSF.A supplemental award, received from the NSF in 2008, will enable PCMI to award significant salary supplements to teachers who are part of the PD3 project in 2008 and 2009.The other components of the project, including the summer SSTP of PCMI, are currently seeking continuation funding in order to go on with their programs after the summer of 2009.

Teacher Professional Continuum (TPC) Project Since 2001, PCMI has offered a problem-based mathematics course to the SSTP participants at the annual Summer Session based on a mathematical theme related in some way to the PCMI mathematical topic.The NSF in 2006 awarded a grant to PCMI whereby this mathematical course is being developed into a published series of professional-development materials suitable for use by universities as undergraduate courses, by professional-development organizations, and by other programs and organizations, including in-service teachers. The materials, created and implemented at PCMI by the Education Development Center (EDC) of Newton, Massachusetts, are unique in their approach to mathematics-based professional development for teachers, requiring group work and offering multiple points of access to accommodate the varying education levels of participants. Through 2009, EDC will continue creating the mathematics course each year around a different mathematical theme. The courses from prior years, beginning from 2001, will be refined by teams of PCMI teacher- participants working with the EDC staff. In preparation for publication, facilitator guides are being created and refined by the EDC staff with the input of PCMI teacher participants. The development process of the materials for publication has included the use of the Summer 2001 and Summer 2004 problem sets in two different settings: a five-day residential institute for teachers of the PCMI Professional Development and Outreach Group in New Jersey and as a course given at the annual Northwest Mathematics Interaction in Seattle,Washington (long a PCMI Professional Development and Outreach Group summer activity). In 2008 there was significant progress toward the publication of the materials, anticipated in 2011.

Publication Series PCMI is very pleased to make the proceedings of its Summer Session available to the public.The full series, which comprises nearly all of the lectures ever given in PCMI’s Graduate Summer School, includes the following titles: Volume 1: Geometry and Quantum Field Theory Volume 2: Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations in Differential Geometry Volume 3: Complex Algebraic Geometry Volume 4: Gauge Theory and Four Manifolds Volume 5: Hyperbolic Equations and Frequency Interactions Volume 6: Probability Theory and Applications Volume 7: Symplectic Geometry and Topology Volume 8: Representation Theory of Lie Groups Volume 9: Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry Volume 10: Computational Complexity Theory

Volume 11: Quantum Field Theory, Supersymmetry, and Enumerative Geometry IAS/PCMI Volume 12: Automorphic Form and Applications Volume 13: Geometric Combinatorics Volumes 14 and 15 are due by the end of 2008, with Volume 16 due in 2009.

Also published are five volumes in the Park City Mathematics Institute Subseries, which is a subsection of the American Mathematical Society (AMS) Student Mathematics Series.These volumes are aimed at undergraduate 85 students and are published independently of the Park City Mathematics Series mentioned above. Published thus far are: Lectures on Contemporary Probability by Gregory F.Lawler and Lester N. Coyle An Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Waves by Roger Knobel Codes and Curves by Judy L.Walker Lectures in Geometric Combinatorics by Rekha Thomas Enumerative Geometry and String Theory by Sheldon Katz

All published volumes are available either from the AMS or through popular national bookstores. The SSTP disseminates its teacher-created materials and other resources via a special website created by the Math Forum at Drexel University.

Funding The IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute was made possible by the generosity of the following funders: The National Science Foundation The Starr Foundation The State of New Jersey The National Security Agency Charles and Rosanna Jaffin The George S. and Delores Doré Eccles Foundation The Wolfensohn Family Foundation The Clay Mathematics Institute Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Appreciation is also extended to the Department of Mathematics at the University of Utah.

Oversight Board The IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute is governed by an Oversight Board:

Chairperson: Phillip A. Griffiths, Professor, School of Mathematics, Institute for Advanced Study

Board Members: Deborah L. Ball, Dean of the School of Education, University of Michigan Hyman Bass, Professor, University of Michigan Robert Bryant, Director, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Peter Goddard, Director, Institute for Advanced Study Ronald L. Graham, Professor, University of California, San Diego Robert MacPherson, Professor, School of Mathematics, Institute for Advanced Study Elaine B. Wolfensohn,Wolfensohn Family Foundation, New York,New York IAS/PCMI

86 Steering Committee Members of the Steering Committee, who plan and manage the activities of the PCMI, are as follows:

Director: Robert Bryant, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute

2008 Graduate Summer School/Research Program Organizers: Jeffery McNeal,The Ohio State University Mircea Mustat¸˘a, University of Michigan

Graduate Summer School: Ronald Stern, University of California, Irvine

Lecture Series: John Polking, Rice University

International Seminar on Mathematics Education: Gail Burrill, Michigan State University Johnny Lott, University of Mississippi

Research Program: Karl Rubin, University of California, Irvine

Secondary-School Teachers Program: Gail Burrill, Michigan State University James R. King, University of Washington Carol Hattan, Skyview High School

Undergraduate Faculty Program: William Barker, Bowdoin College Andrew Bernoff, Harvey Mudd College Aaron Bertram, University of Utah

Undergraduate Summer School: William Barker, Bowdoin College Andrew Bernoff, Harvey Mudd College Aaron Bertram, University of Utah The topic for the 2009 Summer Session will be “The Arithimetic of L-functions.”The organizers are Cristian Popescu of the University of California, San Diego; Karl Rubin of the University of California, Irvine; and Alice Silverberg of the University of California, Irvine. The Clay Senior Scholars-in-Residence will be Benedict Gross of Harvard University and John Tate of the University of Texas at Austin. IAS/PCMI

87 88 SCIENCEINITIATIVEGROUP

PHOTOS ARLEN HASTINGS e cec ntaieGopudraig h einlIiitv nSineadEuain(IE,wl rvd hD riigi selected in Africa. training sub-Saharan Ph.D. in provide networks will training (RISE), and Education research and university-based Science through in engineering Initiative and Regional science the of undertaking, areas Group Initiative Science new A isaalbea ahisiuinwti h ewr.Ntok lowl nbersacesfo utpeuni- multiple from researchers enable will also Networks opportuni- network. research the and instruction within complementary stu- institution the where each programs, of at advantage training acute, available take graduate is ties can comprehensive Ph.D.s faculty provide seeking in qualified will faculty need of networks and pressing dents shortage RISE most sciences. single the York. New the Africa, the sub-Saharan of as in countries.Throughout leaders especially Corporation university their Carnegie African in from of education survey grant a higher a uni- in univer- by the identified Africa’s strengthen funded was in development to is teach Faculty helping RISE to thereby networks. qualifications, faculty the their new up upgrade prepare make members to that faculty are versities existing institutes goals help research primary to and program’s and universities and sities countries.The research comprise three university-based will (RISE) through least network Gregorian, Education at RISE engineering trustee,Vartan and Each in and Institute Africa. Science science sub-Saharan another in of in by Initiative areas networks training selected inspired Regional in initiative York.The New training Ph.D. SIG of provide new will Corporation a Carnegie of of centers beginning President support the to saw Bank year World the world.The then D.Wolfensohn, with developing James jointly the of developed scientific in provide vision and Trustees, excellence to the scientific of 1998 by of Board Study inspired in Institute’s Advanced project created for the was a Institute Initiative, of SIG the Science world. Chairman developing of Millennium program the the outreach in for an capacity guidance as science tenth building SIG’s to marked dedicated year academic 08 2007– The (SIG) Group Initiative Science este oueseilzdsinii ntuetto htmyb vial tol n ftests rt pool to or sites, the of one only at available be may that instrumentation scientific specialized use to versities tn ogi hog fiito ihteohr.I h od foeo h ucsflapiat,Teprin- applicants,“The successful the of one of will words each the as In well, others. as universities the the with but affiliation researchers, individual through the gain only to not stand benefit will structure network The equipment. new obtain to resources fia onre.Shdldt ei oki ae20 rery20,tenwRS ewrsare: networks RISE new twenty-nine the 2009, involving early proposals or forty-eight 2008 late attracted in that work competition begin to collective a Scheduled the in countries. for African selected institutions were partner individual networks of Three strengths respective the capacity.” exploit build to to is benefit employed be to ciple African Materials Science and Engineering Network (AMSEN) Academic Director: L. A. Cornish, Director, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Other participating institutions: University of Nairobi, Kenya University of Namibia Federal University of Technology,Akure, Nigeria University of Botswana

Southern African Biochemistry and Informatics for Natural Products (SABINA) Academic Director: John D. Kalenga Saka, Professor of Chemistry, Chancellor College, University of Malawi Other participating institutions: University of Namibia University of Dar es Salaam,Tanzania University of Pretoria, South Africa University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research), South Africa Tea Research Foundation of Central Africa, Malawi

Western Indian Ocean Regional Initiative in Marine Science and Education (WIO-RISE) Academic Director: Alfonse M. Dubi,Associate Professor and Director, University of Dar es Salaam Institute of Marine Sciences, Zanzibar,Tanzania Other participating institutions: Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique University of Cape Town, South Africa

SIG Board Phillip A. Griffiths, Professor, School of Mathematics, Institute for Advanced Study (Chair)

Mohamed H.A. Hassan, Executive Director,TWAS: the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World, GROUP INITIATIVE SCIENCE Trieste, Italy J.Tomas Hexner, Development Consultant, Cambridge, Massachusetts Chung W.Kim, Director Emeritus, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, South Korea Jacob Palis, Director Emeritus and Professor, Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil C. N. R. Rao, Honorary President and Linus Pauling Research Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India Harold Varmus, President, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York,New York

89 CLIFF MOORE The Libraries he Historical Studies–Social Science Library (Marcia Tucker, Librarian) contains some 120,000 volumes and has subscriptions to over 1,200 journals.The Library is strongest in classical studies, ancient history, Tand archaeology, but it contains basic document collections, reference works, and important secondary works of scholarship in most fields of history and the social sciences.The journal collection is extensive, and fairly complete back runs exist to the founding of the Institute.The HS-SS Library has occupied its present building since 1964. The Institute’s rare-book collection, the gift of Lessing J. Rosenwald, consists of about 2,000 volumes on the history of science and was compiled by Herbert M. Evans in the 1930s.The collection, which is housed in a special room, includes numerous first editions of important scientific works in mathematics, astronomy,physics, and the life sciences.Additional volumes have been added through various gifts, most notably through the Leon Levy Fund, expanding the subject scope of the collection.The HS-SS Library continues to process books from the library of Walther Heissig, a noted scholar in Central Asian studies. Heissig’s library came to the Institute partly as a gift and partly on deposit from Princeton University’s Department of East Asian Studies and Princeton University Library. The gift of Giorgio Tonelli’s library further expands the Institute’s holdings in the history of ideas and philosophy. The HS-SS Library has an extensive collection of offprints including those received by Professors Andrew E. Z. Alföldi, Kurt Gödel, Ernst H. Kantorowicz, Elias Avery Lowe, Millard Meiss, Erwin Panofsky, Marshall Clagett, and Harry Woolf and former Members Robert Huygens and Walther Kirchner. The microfilm collections of the HS-SS Library include a large selection from Manuscripta, a collection of several thousand fifteenth- to nineteenth-century printed books from the Vatican Library.The Bavarian Academy in 1965 provided the Institute with a microfilm copy of slips presented for the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae along with recent additional material on CD. The library has microfilm copies of the papers of Kurt Gödel and Simone Weil.The Library also houses the Institute archives.The papers in the collection date from the 1930s and include official correspondence of the Director’s Office, minutes of meetings of the Faculty and the Board of Trustees, miscellaneous correspondence concerning past Faculty members, records of the Electronic Computer Project, and other documents.The archives also include the Institute’s photograph collection. The Mathematics–Natural Sciences Library (Momota Ganguli, Librarian) is based in Fuld Hall, with smaller departmental branches in Bloomberg Hall, and compact shelving spread across campus.The collection, which includes about 30,000 volumes of monographs and bound periodicals as well as 160 print and electronic subscriptions, spans pure and applied mathematics, astrophysics, theoretical and mathematical physics, and biology. The M-NS Library has an extensive collection of the collected works of mathematicians including those of Cauchy, Descartes, Fermat, Gauss, Hardy, and Poincaré. Each year, the M-NS Library adds about 300 books to its collection. Both of the Institute’s libraries participate in the shared cataloging system OCLC, which gives Institute scholars computerized access to a database that is in use by 57,000 libraries in 112 countries. Searches of this database retrieve bibliographic information and identify the location of materials.The Institute is a member of the RLG Program SHARES partnership, a resource-sharing program. The Institute’s online catalogue provides holdings information for the libraries and is accessible from anywhere in the world.The Institute’s libraries are participants in the JSTOR project, which makes available archival electronic versions of many core journals in LIBRARIES THE mathematics and the humanities. The HS-SS Library maintains a computer center with access to scanners and a variety of software packages for both PCs and Macintoshes, and access to databases in the fields of classical studies, the history of science, and Islamic and French studies.The M-NS Library’s electronic resources include access to Math-SciNet, an online catalog, a variety of indexes, and a growing collection of full-text journals.All scholars affiliated with the Institute enjoy the same privileges as Princeton University faculty in the Princeton University Library system.All scholars also have privileges in the Robert E. Speer Library of the Princeton Theological Seminary.The Librarians and the Faculty of all four Schools at the Institute warmly appreciate gifts of books and publications from former and current Members of the Institute. 91 Acknowledgments

The Institute for Advanced Study wishes to express deep appreciation to all donors for their generous gifts, grants, pledges, and gifts-in-kind of endowment, capital, and operating support. We are deeply indebted to our Founders and to all of our subsequent benefactors for providing a strong financial foundation from which to pursue our mission of fundamental research in the sciences and humanities without the pressure for immediate results. We especially wish to recognize members of the Centennial Council, our most generous and involved individual donors.

Centennial Council (as of June 30, 2008)

Anonymous Donors Bob and Lynn Johnston Eric* and Wendy Schmidt Jeffrey P. Bezos* Immanuel and Vera Kohn James Simons* Mr. and Mrs. Richard* B. Black Sarah and Martin* Leibowitz Dr. Charles Simonyi* Addie and Harold Broitman David K. P.Li* Peter Svennilson* Mrs.Ann Lee Saunders Brown Virginia and Robert W.Loughlin Margaret E.Taplin Helen and Martin* Chooljian Nancy* and Duncan MacMillan Mr. and Mrs. Ladislaus von Roger W.Ferguson* and Annette L. Hamish Maxwell Hoffmann Nazareth Robert B. Menschel Shelby White* Drs. Luisa and Robert Fernholz Elena Petronio James* and Elaine Wolfensohn Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Jaffin David Rockefeller * denotes current Institute for Advanced Study Trustee

Donors (FiscalYear Ended June 30, 2008)

Major Donors Roger W.Ferguson, Jr., and Annette Hamish Maxwell+ L. Nazareth+ Merck & Company, Inc. Anonymous Donors+ Dr. and Mrs.Vartan Gregorian+ Minerva Research Foundation Sir Michael Atiyah + Professor Phillip A. Griffiths and Dr. The Ambrose Monell Foundation Jeffrey P.Bezos + Marian Griffiths G. Daniel Mostow+ John P.Birkelund Agnes Gund+ (In honor of Immanuel Kohn) The National Academies Dr.Wilfried Guth+ George S. Bissell Charitable National Aeronautics and Space Foundation Professor and Mrs. Christian Habicht Administration + Victoria and Hank Bjorklund+ Doris M. and Ralph E. Hansmann National Endowment for the Dr. James C. Blair Gerda Henkel Stiftung Humanities The Broitman Foundation International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, National Science Foundation Inc. Mrs.Ann Lee Saunders Brown National Security Agency Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Jaffin Carnegie Corporation of New York Northwestern University Jet Propulsion Laboratory Helen and Martin Chooljian+ Novartis International AG + + Chugai Pharmaceutical Company Helene L. Kaplan Nancy B. Peretsman + Harry and Helen Cohen Charitable Immanuel and Vera Kohn Elena Petronio Foundation George Labalme, Jr. Princeton University + The Concordia Foundation Dr. Florian Langenscheidt and David Rockefeller + The Edward T. Cone Foundation Gabriele Quandt-Langenscheidt The Rockefeller Foundation + The Gladys Krieble Delmas Sarah and Martin Leibowitz Schlumberger Foundation, Inc. Leon Levy Foundation+ Eric and Wendy Schmidt ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Foundation + Dow Jones and Company, Inc. David K. P.Li Ronaldo and Gabriele Schmitz+ (In honor of Peter Kann) Mr. and Mrs. Duncan L. MacMillan+ The Shaw Foundation Elsevier B.V. David F.Marquardt+ The Simons Foundation+ 92 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 93 + + + + + + + + + + + + + Foundation Inc. includes gifts made in honor of James D. Van Kuren Gayle Sawtelle (In memory of George F.Kennan) Director’s Circle Pierre Deligne and Elena Alexeeva Tina and Bill Greenberg Charles W.McCutchen Ann and John McGoldrick John and Caroline Pallat John Rassweiler Philip W. Riskin Charitable Mr. and Mrs.Arnold H. Snider Fritz Stern and ElizabethEllen Sifton M. and Thomas W.Walvoord Susan and Donald Wilson Scott and Marilyn Tremaine Mr.Turgay Turnacioglu University of Virginia Lori A.Van Dusen and Richard H. Via Pharmaceuticals Inc. Howard D.Weinbrot Edward Witten and Chiara Nappi Gavin and Cathe Wright + Plamen Krastev Tsung-Dao Lee Larry Magnussen Lois Magnussen Professor Juan Maldacena Professor Avishai Margalit Professor Eric S. Maskin and Dr. Elizabeth J. McCormack Jennifer and Christopher Moller The Pew Charitable Trusts Pfizer Inc. Proquest Management LLC Martin Rees Mr.William Schmidt Joan W.Scott Martin E. Segal Miri and Nathan Seiberg Eugene R. Speer Bridget and Thomas Spencer Wolfensohn, Chairman of the Board1986–2007 of Trustees, + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + the Princeton Area Community Foundation Alexeeva Birnbaum and Cosmology fq(x) Chairman’s Circle Mrs.Ann Lee Saunders Brown Neil Chriss Morton and Donna Collins Gifford Combs Carl and Toby Feinberg Immanuel and Vera Kohn Nancy and Duncan MacMillan Annette Merle-Smith Elena Petronio Margaret E.Taplin David Hollinger Holocaust Educational Foundation Ted and Keri Hurwitz Piet Hut Peter R. Kann Peter and Susan Goldreich Charles and Rachel Gray Fund of Toru Hashimoto James F.Hawkins Albert and Sarah Hirschman Robert Butow Professor Caroline W. Bynum Capital Group Companies Frank Clover Enes Dedovic Pierre R. Deligne and Elena Lia and Nicola Di Cosmo Robert S. and Christina SeixSidney Dow D. Drell Freeman and Imme Dyson Jean Bethke Elshtain Professor and Mrs. Harold Falk Christine Ferrara and Steven Robert Foster Foundational Questions in Physics Mr. and Mrs. Moore Gates, Jr. Helen and Peter Goddard G.W. Bowersock + + + + + + + + + + + + Unitrust W.Bratton Science Foundation Hoffmann Sciences Observatory (In memory of Clifford Geertz) Friends and express particular appreciation to members of the Founders’, Chairman’s, Director’s, and 25th Anniversary Circles. Our sincere gratitude is extended to the Friends of the Institute, whose unrestricted gifts make a great difference. We welcome new Friends of the Institute Founders’ Circle Helen and Martin Chooljian Mr. and Mrs. Charles L.Bob Jaffin and Lynn Johnston Virginia and Robert W.Loughlin Louise and John Steffens Richard and Heather Black Roger D. Blandford Professor Bernard Bailyn Hyman Bass American Mathematical Society James Arthur Other Donors Anonymous Alexander McFarlan Ackley, Jr. Stephen L.Adler The MBZ Charitable Remainder Zurich Financial Services Wolfensohn Family Foundation Mr. Brian F.Wruble and Ms. Kathleen Marina and Bob Whitman Mr. and Mrs. Ladislaus von Peter Svennilson Fritz Thyssen Stiftung United States Department ofUnited Energy States-Israel Binational Space Telescope Science Institute State of New Jersey Fritz Stern and Elizabeth Sifton Charles Simonyi Fund for Arts and Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical 94 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS red fteInstitute the of Friends ai .Fle ..adCrlAnn Carol and M.D. Fulmer H. David Freedman Jerome and Carol III Ford Jeremiah and Betsy Fearon Janet and Dana Fath Ruth and Joseph R. Deborah and Ezekowitz Dr.Alan M.D. Dwyer W. James Dusoruth Sophie and Devun deTuro Sam and Judi Dennison Charles and Jane Deneen Thalia and James Boer Ravel de de Elly Rysia and Boer de Brodsky Jan K. Dr. Judith and Curtis Michael Corrodi Victoria and Bradley Cohen Elliot Mrs. and Mr. Daniela and Chhabra B. ChewAshvin H. Paul Mrs. and Dr. Cheiten Harold Marvin Byrne Barbara and Tom Boughn Stephen and Susan Bienstock Peter and Helena Bhattacharya Mihir Mrs. and McKenna Mr. Michelle and Bernuth Patrick Baum E. Leonard Baughan Harkins Elizabeth Ms. M.Ayers Mrs.William and Dr. Aresty Robert Anonymous Applegate Judith Albers-Schonberg Joyce and George Friends Zipperstein Steven and Diane I.Treu Jesse Mrs. and Mr. Shapiro Harold and Drs.Vivian Scheide William and Judith Sanderson George and Reichl Carolyn F. Frances and H. Eric Meisel Cy and Jackie MacLennan Robert and Jane King K. Carroll Kerr Mrs. Wren Nora and J. John Keller Suzanne Dr. Foundation Crawford Keating Harvey Archer and Thomas Gould James Mr. Gehret Michael and Lor Gebert W. Reinhold Mrs. and Dr. Eschenlauer Arthur Dow and Janet Seix Christina and S. Robert Clarke Melanie and John Clark Charles and Lucinda Broitman Harold and Addie Bonfield Andrew and Sandra Arnold Lee and Sam Circle Anniversary 25th Institute the of Friends I oo fImne Kohn) Immanuel of honor (In Fulmer Lunder Bonafede-Chhabra (continued) (continued) ila n ayO’Shaughnessy Mary and William O’Brien Rosemary Nosta J. Myers John J. Michael Mrs. and Mr. Myers Cynthia and Glen Moss Leonard and Muriel Drs. Moseley Richard Morrison Anne and Karl Morandi Pamela and Michael Moote Lloyd and Dorothy Miller Ruth and P. McCredieBernard R. James Mrs. and III Mr. McCarthy F. John Ms. and Mr. Mathis F. James Mrs. and Dr. Mathews S. Michael Mrs. and Mr. Mastrobuono J. Victoria Machold Roland and Pamela Lynch James Lunder Elinor Lucchesi Marlene and Peter Lorenzo A. Francisco Mrs. and Mr. Longley Alison and Stephen Frakt Steven and Lockheed Marlaine Lippincott H. Walter Lewis Fraser Mrs. and Dr. Levine J. Richard Leibowitz L. Martin and Sarah Lambert Casey and Sam Lambert G. Louisa Ms. Jr. Labalme, George Kulsrud Helene and Russell Kohn Gail Kelly Peggy and Quentin Kassof H. Mrs.Allen and Dr. Kahn Florence and Steven Jones Sarah and Landon Jones P. Christopher Johnson James and Jacqueline Johnson Wold Betty Mrs. Hutner C. Frances Hughes Brian Tufo and Del Pamela Robert and Hughes Katherine Howson Richard and Tamar Hosny Liz and Zaki Horner Anna and Jonathan Hillas Robert and Cynthia Hendrickson F. Robert Heilborn George Harvey Norman A. Barbara and Harris Randolph T. Harrington Julie and Roby Hall Jack and Joan Hagan Christine and Sillars Peter Scott and Griffin Margaret Gray Charles and Rachel Goldstein Selma and Fred Goldin Steven Gladden Lee and Leslie Ann Bruce and Gerwin Leslie Georgantas W. Mrs.Aristides and Mr. Geddes Evelyn and Robert Gecha Steve Mrs. and Dr. Garber Victor and Sherri Fulmer Tom and Peggy Sloan emnBohr,Inc. Brothers, Lehman Foundation Exxon-Mobil Company Squibb Bristol-Myers Gifts Matching Yianilos Peter Weymar Caroline and Helmut F. Area Princeton the of Fund Thomas Roth Joan and William Morgens Linda and Edwin Ettinghausen Elizabeth Borrus Jack and Adele Friends to Contributions r hr Yolowitz Shari Dr. J.Wise John Mrs. and Mr. White Russ and Sharon White Roscoe and Laura Westheimer Kirby Weintraub Ms.Anita and Howard Dr. M.D. Wei, Fong and Teddi Sowanick Tom and Wainwright Nina Visconti Luke Mrs. and Mr. M.D. Vilko, Naomi Vawter Harriet and Jay Scott Jane and Itallie T.Van Horn Van Laurie and Charles Maltby Lewis and Hoeven Van Beth Utaski James Mrs. and Mr. Ullman Richard and Gail Sukkarieh Jana Dr. Sturges Caren Ms. Stephenson M. Fran Mrs. Snyder Jean and Steve Smith E. David Slighton Margaret and Bob Skoler Saul and Aarons Pamela Sigal Elliott Mrs. and Dr. Shannon Lou and X. Frank Schmidt John Marcus and Schabacker-Koppel Yuh Saint-Donat Ingrid and Bernard Ryan Parish and Dudley Rowe I. Mrs.Allen and Mr. Roulette Brooke W. L. Charles and Levin-Rojer Marsha Jr. Riggs, McAdoo Blair H. Millard Douglas and Reichelderfer Ann Rauch Melanie and Michael Quigley Kathryn and John Poole Ann Jr. Plohn, Charles and Dorothy Plambeck Suzanne and Charles Pitcher II George Phares Elwood Mrs. and Mr. Petok Sam and Fayne Patberg Dee and John Parsons Larry and Jean Paneyko H. Stephen omnt Foundation Community Schabacker M.D. Rojer, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 95 + + * + + + + + + + + Paul Getty Trust J. (In memory of Charlie Fefferman’s mother) James C. Cantrell Vicki Caron Vincent Carretta Eugene A. Carroll Dr.Thomas E. Cecil John Whiteclay Chambers II Sun-Yung A. Chang and Paul C.Yang Michal Gawlikowski Reinhold W.Gebert The Professor Abolghassem Ghaffari Charles C. Gillispie Marvin D. Girardeau Martin Davis John and Cheryl Dawson Pilar de la Torre Percy Deift Walter Dittrich Robert S. Doran Ronald G. Douglas Susan B. Downey H.A. Drake Pierre du Prey Mary and Richard Dunn Loyal and Bernice Durand Professor Peter L. Duren Clifford J. Earle Dr. Paul E. Ehrlich Professor Christiane Eisenberg Dyan Elliott Jean Bethke Elshtain Björn Engquist T. Evergates Bruno Fabre Solomon Feferman James W.Fernandez Val and Daisy Fitch Thomas R. Flynn Mr. Gerald B. Folland Dr. Paul Forman Francine Frankel and Douglas Verney Dan Freed and SoniaJohn Paban B. Freed Giuseppi Furlan David Gabai David and Donna Gabai Hoi Fung Chau Jennifer T. Chayes Lucille Chia Feu and Petra Chu Anne L. Clark Gregory T. Clark Edward T. Cline Patricia Clough James W.Cogdell Professor Lee Congdon William J. Connell Owen Connelly Drs. Maria and BrunoMr. Coppi and Mrs. Dario A.Raffaella Covi and Alberto Cribiore C. M. D. Crowder Roger and Robin Crum Charles W.Curtis + + + + + + Brown Dr. Sarah C. Brett-Smith (In honor of Irving Lavin) (In memory of Louis Auslander) Constance Brittain Bouchard Stephen Boughn Eva T. H. Brann John David Breit and FanetteWard Briggs Pollack John B. Bronzan Joseph E. Brown Virginia Brown Nicholas P.Buchdahl Glenn R. Bugh Robert Butow Professor Claude Calame Nicholas Canny Steve Batterson Jérémie Bec Hermann Beck Brigitte Miriam Bedos-Rezak Anna S. Benjamin Georgia Benkart Paul Berg Paul Bernard Alan E. Bernstein Jeremy Bernstein Mr. and Mrs. Henry Bienen Norman Birnbaum Thomas Bisson David Bjelajac John Boler Larissa Bonfante James J. Bono Christian Borgs John F.Ahner Susan Ames R. D.Anderson Anonymous David W.Anthony and Dorcas R. Giles Auchmuty Fernande Auslander Claude Bardos J. Barros-Neto Angelo Bassi Paul and Felice Bateman The central purpose of AMIASthe is mission to of support the InstituteStudy and for Advanced to continue forthe future opportunities generations for independent, undis- tracted scholarship that AMIAS members themselves have experienced.The Institutegrateful is to its formerwho Members support and Visitors the Institute’s fundamental goal of fostering theoreticalintellectual research inquiry. and Professor Stephen L.Adler and Alan Adolphson Diane Cole Ahl Association of Members ofInstitute the for Advanced Study (AMIAS) (In memory of Professor Jacob C. E. Dekker) Bequests Anonymous Trust of Tristan E. Beplat Estate of Charles L.The Brown Delta Airlines Foundation Estate of Willis Doney Estate of Elizabeth C.Trust Dilworth of James ScottEstate Hill of Donald B. Straus Carl Faith Ky Fan Graham Farmelo Carl and Toby Feinberg Lor and Michael Gehret Barbara F.Graham and TheodorePhillip S. Meth A. Griffiths Ralph E. Hansmann Morton E. Harris James F.Hawkins Sigurdur Helgason Michel Huglo Mr. and Mrs. Charles L.Akio Jaffin Kawauchi Suzanne Keller Tatsuo Kimura Robert Langlands Joseph Lehner Mr. and Mrs. Robert W.Loughlin Robert MacPherson and MarkHamish Goresky Maxwell Annette Merle-Smith Lloyd and Dorothy Moote Elena Petronio Alfred L. Putnam Millard M. Riggs Barbara Heard Roberts Alice T. Schafer Richard Donald Schafer Martin E. Segal N. J. Slabbert Chuu-Lian Terng and Richard S.Franklin Palais K.Toker Grazia Tonelli Morton G.White Anonymous (4) Richard B. Black Enrico Bombieri Addie and Harold Broitman Joseph E. Brown Robert Butow Claude Calame Getzel M. Cohen Giles Constable John W.Dawson, Jr. Hedwig C. H. Dekker Einstein Legacy Society The Einstein Legacy Society1996 was to established honor in thosegift who to have the made Institute awho for Advanced planned have Study included and a those estate gift plans.The Society takes to its the name from InstituteEinstein, Albert Institute in Faculty their member, 1933 –55. Einstein Legacy Society membersTrustees, Faculty include and Faculty Emeriti,former staff, Members, Friends, and other supporters. 96 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS rAtn .Kosinski A. Dr.Antoni Korenblum Boris Kolountzakis Mihail Dr. Kolda Christopher Dr. Knopp I. Marvin Knill J. Ronald Klingen H. Kinoshita Toichiro Kern Martin Kehoe Dennis Kawauchi Akio Kawai Takahiro Katz B. Michael Kato Goro Karel L. Martin Kadison Richard Jussila K. Olli Joshi K. Aravind Johnston Michael John J. James Jeanquartier Pierre Jacquet Herve Jacobson Howard Ito Shuntaro Isaac Ephraim Professor Irving Gail and Ron Illusie Luc Iakovidis E. Spyros Humphreys E. James Huglo Victor Michel Howland Douglas Hösle Vittorio Horwitz Lawrence Hofer S. and H. Hlawka Edmund Hingston Nancy Herring Louise and Conyers Helson Ravenna and Henry Heitsch James Heggie Douglas Dr. Head C. Randolph Thompson Abby and Hass Joel Harter-Uibopuu Kaja Dr. Harris E. Morton Professor Harris Bruno AMIAS iyHarish-Chandra Lily Hansen Bert Hanle Paul Handley Eric Hamstrom Mary-Elizabeth Bjorn and Hagemann Karen Dr. Guralnick Robert Dr. Gumperz J. John Gruen Erich Greene C. John Graeser Andreas Gould P. Andrew Goodman Roe Gonsalves J. Richard Golden B. Peter Gluck Carol Glauberman George Dr. Hennings (continued) † + + + ao n eneKuriyan Jeanne and Jacob Kraljevic Hrvoje enPlantinga Leon Pitts Jennifer Ms. Piatetski-Shapiro Ilya Philadelphia the of Fund Anonymous Petry F. Carl Peters V. James Paschoud Francois Park Ok Hyun Boskovits Miklòs and Padovani Serena Ostwald Martin Mr. Ortner B. Sherry Orlik Peter Ono Takashi Okamoto Kiyosato Oh Yong-Geun Noble F. Thomas Ng Jack Y. Newbury Catharine Neugebauer Christoph Ph.D. Mozzochi, J. C. Mostert S. Paul Moreno Julio Carlos Miranda Rick Minor Hyde Vernon Millon Henry Corporation Microsoft the of Fund Michael Erika and Ernest Ptak Anthony and Mendelson Jordana Ph.D. Mielke, V. Marvin McPhee Sarah McNeill David G. Foundation McKesson Masrieh J. Fouad Emily Dr. and Marrow James Professor Andorlini Isabella and Marcone Arnaldo Mansbach Steven Mandula E. Jeffrey Maertz Gregory MacKay A. Pierre Lowrie Michèle Loeffel Jean-Jacques Ding Dr. Kequan and Liu Xiaomei Liu Chit Ming Linz J. Juan Lindenstrauss Joram Lieberman Marcia and David Libgober Anatoly Liang Zhiping Leung Che Ki Angela Lepowsky James Lenstra W. Hendrik Lehner Joseph the of Fund Lee Nancy and Robert Lashof Richard Lang E. William Landau Weill Julia and Landau J. Henry Kwan Mary and John Kuyk Dr.Willem I eoyo ar Woolf) Harry of memory (In Foundation Fund Gift Charitable Fidelity Rose Fund Gift Charitable Fidelity + + + + + + + + + + * * + + + alJ al,Jr. Sally, J. Paul Sachse L. William Runia T. David Professor Rosen-Ayalon Myriam Rosaldo Renato Rorem Paul Ringrose Kathryn and David Oswald Emeritus Professor Richter Melvin Jr. Richardson, L. Rhodes J. P. Reff Theodore Ratcliffe G. John Rapp Richard Mrs. and Dr. Rapp Claudia Rao M. M. Ranum A. Orest Randell Linda and Richard Rabb K. Theodore Putnam J. C. Michael Putnam L. Alfred Pressly William Press H. William Poole A. Randall Dr. Pollmann Karla Polking John ai .Stone M. David Stern Ronald Dr. Sterman George Stephens F. Clarence Steinberg Maria and Robert Stark Harold Spruyt Hendrik Mr. Spruch Marmor Grace Professor Springer T.A. Spencer Thomas and Bridget Speisman Gerald Sow-Diouf Mame Professor Sorets Eugene Jewish The of Fund Socolow Robert Snyderman Neal Jr. Sleigh, C. Robert Singer F. Michael Singer Maxine Simpson Shreve Marianna Silberger J. Allan Sigal Michael Israel Sher Richard Shapiro E. Alan Shahidi Freydoon Shahid Irfan Sgro Joseph Dr. Sewell William Sertorio Luigi Professor Seow Choon-Leong Dr. Seel Gerhard Professor Schwarz W. Gerald Schulz Juergen Schrecker John Dr. Scharlau Winfried Schafer D. Richard Schafer T. Alice Samuel A. Stuart Dr. Riemenschneider omnlFund Communal + + + + + ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 97 Kazim Abdullaev Elizaveta Arkhipova Dr. Christopher Atwood Leonid A. Beliaev G. M. Bongard-Levin Octavian Bounegru G.W.Bowersock Carl Boyd Michael Braddick Professor Caroline W.Bynum Luigi Capogrossi Colognesi Greg Charache Celia Chazelle Professor Forrest D. Colburn Lia and Nicola DiDan Cosmo Diner Luc Duerloo Dr.Andrea Falcon Dr.Arsenio Ferraces-Rodrìguez Katherine French Detlef Garz Lor and Michael Gehret Bettina Gockel Professor and Mrs. OlegProfessor Grabar and Mrs. ChristianDr. Habicht Rudolf Haensch Rab Hatfield Robert B. C. Huygens Professor Jonathan I. Israel Bob and Lynn Johnston Dr.Antonio A. Kosinski Thomas Kroll George Labalme, Jr. Professor Irving Lavin Daryn Lehoux Mary Lewis Felice Lifshitz Guy Lobrichon Beatrice Manz Arnaldo Marcone and IsabellaAndrew Andorlini Meadows Miroslava Mirkovic Valery Nikonorov Hyun Ok Park Jeremy Popkin Ms. Sandra I. Rabinowitz Giuseppe Ragone Thomas G. Rawski Cecilia Robustelli Francesca Rochberg Dr. Denis Rousset Mary Sarotte Seth Schwartz Joan W.Scott Claudine Serre Professor Robert N. Swanson Leslie L.Threatte, Jr. Mrs. Grazia Tonelli Dr. Henk van Nierop Alexander Verlinsky Professor Heinrich von Staden Professor Michael Walzer Thomas Weber Witold Witakowski Dieter Wuttke Aron Zysow Gifts-in-Kind + + + + (continued) Major Donor to AMIAS Matching Gift to Individual Contribution Deceased Wiseman Ayco Charitable Foundation Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund (In memory of George F.Kennan) (In memory of Masaru Takeuchi) Susan M. Stuard John and Jean Sullivan Rick Summerhill Alexander and Susan M. Sze Katherine H.Tachau and JohnEarl B. Scott J.Taft Mrs. Kazuko Takeuchi † + * Dr. and Mrs. Louis Witten Andrew Woldar Kenneth B.Wolf Reva Wolf Isser Woloch John W.Wood Dr. Don Wyatt York-Peng Edward Yao Mitsuru Yasuhara M. Crawford Young Jing Yu Paul Zanker Froma Zeitlin Ernst-Wilhelm Zink Marit Werenskiold John Wermer Robert L.Wilson James R.Wiseman and Margaret L. John Walter Charitable Fund of the Mr. Seth L.Warner Arthur Wasserman Howard D.Weinbrot H. S.Thayer Dr. Charles B.Thorn III Leslie L.Threatte, Jr. Professor Gerhard Thür Burt Totaro and Diana Gillooly Imre Toth William R.Transue Kai Man Tsang Howard G.Tucker A. Richard Turner Mr. Stuart P.Turner Salil Vadhan Philip and Arachne van derAndrei Eijk and Elena Verona Linda Ehrsam Voigts Samuel S.Wagstaff, Jr. Jonathan Wahl The Walsh Charitable Fund of The Deborah Tannen Chuu-Lian Terng and Richard S. Palais Richard Talbert Dr. John Talbott Tsuneo Tamagawa AMIAS Professorships, Memberships, Roger W.Ferguson, Jr., and Annette L. Other Dedicated Endowments and Other Dedicated Funds Nazareth Membership and Funds The 50th Anniversary Fellowship in Social Science Ruth and Irving Adler Expository The Institute expresses its continuing Lecture Fund gratitude for this endowed and annual Richard B. Fisher Membership The Broitman Foundation Fund support. Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Memberships Edward T. Cone Concert Series Felix Gilbert Membership R. Llewelyn Davies Fund Endowed Professorships Marvin L. Goldberger Membership Gladys K. Delmas Endowment Fund Richard Black Professorship Hetty Goldman Membership Fund Kresge Challenge Fund Albert O. Hirschman Professorship Florence Gould Foundation Fund Dr. S.T. Lee Fund for Historical Studies IBM von Neumann Professorship Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro Leon Levy Book Fund George F.Kennan Professorship Membership Mary Marquand Endowment Fund Harold F.Linder Professorship Ralph E. and Doris M. Hansmann Marston Morse Memorial Fund Luce Foundation Professorship in East Membership Otto Neugebauer Fund Asian Studies Gerda Henkel Stiftung New Initiatives Fund Herbert H. Maass Professorship The Herodotus Fund Erwin Panofsky Fund Andrew W.Mellon Professorship IBM Einstein Fellowships Mr. and Mrs.William H. Scheide Artist- Charles Simonyi Professorship Rosanna and Charles Jaffin Founders’ in-Residence Endowment UPS Foundation Professorship Circle Member The Simons Center for Systems Hermann Weyl Professorship Lynn and Robert Johnston Founders’ Biology Endowment Circle Member James D.Wolfensohn Professorship in The Karoly Simonyi Memorial Social Science W.M.Keck Foundation Fund Endowment Fund Hans Kohn Membership The Sivian Fund Martin L. and Sarah F.Leibowitz The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Endowed and Annual1 Member Membership Science Colloquia in the School of Support Leon Levy Foundation Natural Sciences AMIAS (Association of Members of the Ginny and Robert Loughlin Founders’ Leo Usdan Fund Institute for Advanced Study) Circle Member The James D.Wolfensohn Fund John N. Bahcall Fellowships William D. Loughlin Memberships The Bell Companies Fellowship The Andrew W.Mellon Foundation Robert Bosch Stiftung The Andrew W.Mellon Foundation Fellowships for Assistant Professors Charles L. Brown Membership in Biology Minerva Research Foundation S.S. Chern Foundation for Mathematics The Ambrose Monell Foundation Research Fund National Endowment for the Helen and Martin Chooljian Founders’ Humanities Circle Member Patrons’ Endowment Fund Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Giorgio and Elena Petronio Fellowship Membership Fund Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Henry Schaerf Memorial Fund Membership in Biology Eric and Wendy Schmidt Membership Chugai Pharmaceutical Company in Biology Edward T. Cone Membership in Music The Charles Simonyi Endowment Studies The Starr Foundation East Asian The Corning Glass Works Foundation Studies Endowment Fund Fellowship Membership George William Cottrell, Jr. Frank and Peggy Taplin Memberships Membership Fritz Thyssen Stiftung Roger Dashen Membership The Oswald Veblen Fund The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation The von Neumann Fund Deutsche Bank Memberships The Weyl Fund Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Edwin C. and Elizabeth A.Whitehead Fellowships in Historical Studies Fellowship Ellentuck Fund Zurich Financial Services Membership ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

1 98 Gifts from July 1, 2007–June 30, 2008 Founders, Trustees, and Officers of the Board and of the Corporation

Founders Peter L. Galison James H. Simons Pellegrino University Professor President, Renaissance Technologies Louis Bamberger Harvard University Corporation Caroline Bamberger Fuld Cambridge, Massachusetts New York,New York Peter Goddard Charles Simonyi Board and Corporate Officers Director, Institute for Advanced Study President and Chief Executive Officer Princeton, New Jersey Intentional Software Corporation Martin L. Leibowitz Bellevue,Washington Chairman of the Board Vartan Gregorian Vice Chairman of the Board through President, Carnegie Corporation of New Andrew Strominger October 27, 2007 York Professor of Physics, Harvard University New York,New York Cambridge, Massachusetts James D. Wolfensohn Chairman Emeritus David A. Hollinger Peter Svennilson Chairman of the Board through Preston Hotchkis Professor of History Managing Partner,The Column Group October 27, 2007 University of California, Berkeley San Francisco, California CORPORATION THE OF AND BOARD THE OF OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES, FOUNDERS, Berkeley, California Richard B. Black Shelby White Vice Chairman of the Board Peter R. Kann New York,New York Chairman and CEO (retired) Marina v.N.Whitman Charles Simonyi Dow Jones & Company, Incorporated Professor of Business Administration and President of the Corporation New York,New York Public Policy Brian F. Wruble Florian Langenscheidt Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy Treasurer of the Corporation Author and Publisher University of Michigan John Masten Munich, Germany Ann Arbor, Michigan Assistant Treasurer Martin L. Leibowitz Andrew J. Wiles Nancy S. MacMillan Managing Director, Morgan Stanley Eugene Higgins Professor of Mathematics Secretary of the Corporation New York,New York Chair, Department of Mathematics Princeton University David K. P.Li Michael Gehret Princeton, New Jersey Assistant Secretary Chairman and Chief Executive The Bank of East Asia, Limited James D. Wolfensohn Hong Kong Chairman,Wolfensohn & Company, L.L.C. New York,New York The Board of Trustees Nancy S. MacMillan Jeffrey P.Bezos Publisher, Princeton Alumni Weekly Brian F. Wruble Founder and Chief Executive Officer Princeton, New Jersey Chairman,The Jackson Laboratory New York,New York Amazon.com, Inc. David F. Marquardt Seattle,Washington Managing Partner,August Capital Victoria B. Bjorklund Menlo Park, California Trustees Emeriti Partner, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP Nancy B. Peretsman Theodore L. Cross New York,New York Managing Director,Allen & Co. Sidney D. Drell Richard B. Black New York,New York Wilfried Guth President and Chief Executive Officer Martin Rees ECRM Incorporated Professor of Cosmology and Astrophysics Ralph E. Hansmann Tewksbury, Massachusetts Master of Trinity College Helene L. Kaplan University of Cambridge Martin A. Chooljian Immanuel Kohn President, CH Capital Investments Cambridge, England Hamish Maxwell Princeton, New Jersey David M. Rubenstein Ronaldo H. Schmitz Mario Draghi Co-Founder and Managing Director Martin E. Segal Governor, Bank of Italy The Carlyle Group Rome, Italy Washington, D.C. Donald B. Straus (deceased September 4, 2007) Michel L. Vaillaud Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. James J. Schiro President and Chief Executive Officer Chief Executive Officer Ladislaus von Hoffmann TIAA-CREF Zurich Financial Services New York,New York Zurich, Switzerland

99 100 PRESENTANDPASTDIRECTORSANDFACULTY aoieWle yu · Bynum Walker Caroline ie osal arcaCoe· Crone Patricia · Constable Giles atrW twr eg .D töge oe .Thompson A. Homer · Strömgren D. G. Bengt · Stewart W. Walter sadVeblen Oswald uloE eg ifedW ife asalN Rosenbluth N. Marshall · Riefler W. Winfield · Regge E. Tullio oetB arn·AdéWi emn Weyl Hermann · Weil André · Warren B. Robert ereF Kennan F. George iaAkn-ae · Arkani-Hamed Nima oetMchro unMlaea·AihiMrai rcS akn· Maskin S. Eric · Margalit Avishai · Maldacena Juan · MacPherson Robert hli .Gifts·CrsinHbct· Habicht Christian · Griffiths A. Phillip ei ibr ae .Glim·Kr öe et Goldman Hetty · Gödel Kurt · Gilliam F. James · Gilbert Felix ilr es ejmnD eit·Jh .Mlo ai irn en Montgomery Deane · Mitrany David · Milnor W. John · Meritt D. Benjamin · Meiss Millard rn Wilczek Frank aso os .Rbr pehie baa as·EwnPanofsky Erwin · Pais Abraham · Oppenheimer Robert J. · Morse Marston emtHofer Helmut rea .Dsn· Dyson J. Freeman ahnSieg· Seiberg Nathan rsn n atDrcos(1930–2008) Directors Past and Present tpe .Alr· Adler L. Stephen nioBmir · Bombieri Enrico ldmrVeosy· Voevodsky Vladimir · dadWte · Witten Edward · ** oetP agad rigLvn· Lavin Irving · Langlands P. Robert · avnL odegr·PilpA rfih ee Goddard Peter · Griffiths A. Phillip · Goldberger L. Marvin · asV Hörmander V. Lars rsn n atFaculty Past and Present cretFclyadFclyEeiiaei bold) in are Emeriti Faculty and Faculty (current .Rbr pehie alKye ar Woolf Harry · Kaysen Carl · Oppenheimer Robert J. usA Caffarelli A. Luis teSleg·KnehM etn·Cr .Siegel L. Carl · Setton M. Kenneth · Selberg Atle ihe .Aia onN acl reK .Beurling A. K. Arne · Bahcall N. John · Atiyah F. Michael dadM al letEnti onH lit lfodGeertz Clifford · Elliott H. John · Einstein Albert · Earle M. Edward ae .Aeadr·Ade .Z Alföldi Z. E. Andrew · Alexander W. James baa lxe rn Aydelotte Frank · Flexner Abraham radBorel Armand oéCtlio·RgrF Dashen F. Roger · Cutileiro José * so uy1 2010 1, July of As retLeelnWowr .N ag·SigTn Yau Shing-Tung · Yang N. C. · Woodward Llewellyn Ernest onvnNeumann von John i re fservice) of order (in neo Chaniotis Angelos · aihCada·EntHerzfeld Ernst · Harish-Chandra itHt·Jnta sal· Israel Jonathan · Hut Piet · enBugi lnW Bowersock W. Glen · Bourgain Jean · otnWie· White Morton · ** so uy1 2009 1, July of As .D Lee D. T. enihvnSae ihe Walzer Michael · Staden von Heinrich · * · ee ank·Ja alc Scott Wallach Joan · Sarnak Peter · aodF hris·Mrhl Clagett Marshall · Cherniss F. Harold ee odec lgGrabar Oleg · Goldreich Peter · ase Whitney Hassler rodJ eie· Levine J. Arnold · ireDlge·Ncl iCosmo Di Nicola · Deligne Pierre · ct rmie· Tremaine Scott · rs .Kantorowicz H. Ernst aileAllen Danielle · hmsSpencer Thomas · letO Hirschman O. Albert · akF alc,Jr. Matlock, F. Jack ee Paret Peter · v-li Bois Yve-Alain · v Wigderson Avi · la .Lowe A. Elias ikVarnedoe Kirk ADMINISTRATION 101 Computing, Telecommunications, and Networking Administration Jeffrey Berliner Manager of Computing Jonathan Peele Computer Manager Information Technology Group James Stephens Computer Manager School of Natural Sciences Thomas Howard Uphill Computer Manager School of Mathematics Edna Wigderson Manager Databases and Integration Programs Catherine E. Giesbrecht Administrator, IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute Arlen K. Hastings Executive Director, Science Initiative Group David R. Mandel Executive Director, Carnegie-IAS Commission on Mathematics and Science Education School Administration Mary Jane Hayes Administrative Officer School of Mathematics Donne Petito Administrative Officer School of Social Science Michelle Sage Administrative Officer School of Natural Sciences Suzanne P.Christen Executive Director and Administrator The Simons Center for SystemsSchool Biology of Natural Sciences Marian Gallagher Zelazny Administrative Officer School of Historical Studies Library Administration Momota Ganguli Librarian, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Marcia Tucker Librarian, Historical Studies and Social Science (also Coordinator of Information Access for Computing,Telecommunications, and Networking Administration)

Kelly Devine Thomas Senior Publications Officer Margaret A. Jackson Planned Giving Officer Pamela Hughes Senior Development Officer Christine Ferrara Senior Public Affairs Officer Kamala Brush Senior Development Officer Michael Gehret Associate Director for Development and Public Affairs Michel Reymond Chef/Manager, Dining Hall Mary Mazza Comptroller Roberta Gernhardt Manager of Human Resources Michael Ciccone Manager of Administrative Services Ashvin Chhabra Chief Investment Officer Anthony Bordieri, Jr. Manager of Facilities John Masten Associate Director for Finance and Administration Robert Ruggiero Special Assistant to the DirectorDecadal for Review the Karen Cuozzo Assistant to the Director Peter Goddard Director Administration Institute for Advanced Study— Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation

Financial Statements June 30, 2008 and 2007 (With Independent Auditors’ Report Thereon) NEEDN UIOS REPORT AUDITORS’ INDEPENDENT

103 104 INDEPENDENTAUDITORS’REPORT coe 8 2008 28, October account- accepted generally U.S. with conformity in ended the then and years 2007, the and for of 2008 flows 30, position cash June financial its of principles. the and respects, as ing assets Foundation material net Fuld all its Felix in Mrs. fairly, in and present changes above Bamberger to our Study—Louis Advanced referred for for statements basis Institute financial reasonable the a opinion, provide our audits In our well in as that disclosures management, believe and by presentation.We made amounts statement estimates the opinion. financial significant supporting express overall and evidence we Accordingly, used the basis, reporting. evaluating principles test financial accounting a as over express- the on control of assessing examining, statements, purpose internal includes financial the Institute’s also for the the audit report- not but of financial circumstances, opinion.An effectiveness over the such in control the no financial appropriate on internal are the opinion of that America. whether procedures of consideration an about audit assurance includes States ing designing reasonable for audit United basis obtain An the a misstatement. to as in audit material ing the accepted of perform generally free and are standards plan statements auditing we audits. that with our require accordance on standards in based Those Our management. audits statements and Institute’s financial activities our the of these of conducted statements We responsibility on related the opinion the are an and statements express 2007, financial and to ended.These 2008 is 30, then responsibility June Bamberger years of Study—Louis the as Advanced for for Institute) flows Institute (the cash of Foundation position Fuld financial Felix Mrs. of and statements accompanying the audited have We Foundation: Fuld Felix Mrs. and Bamberger Study—Louis Advanced for Institute Trustees of Board The Report Auditors’ Independent INDEPENDENTAUDITORS’REPORT 105 2007 53,056 423,549 905,024630,393 653,763 695,483 481,156 930,599 874,438621,402 845,598 683,825 2008 2,780,1003,558,944 3,627,985 3,350,996 925,155 3,775,288 6,704,6732,387,7589,089,256 5,965,077 1,874,573 2,725,667 12,004,751 77,865 10,864,390 17,313,225 60,465,060 52,377,778 62,458,85691,060,351 64,571,136 92,476,789 71,155,345 60,608,939 666,901,593 686,367,878 660,098,933 676,943,989 423,316,404165,627,184 443,473,344 172,861,706 ______$ 7,049,395 5,602,870 $ 954,245 2,544,402 $ 751,159,284 769,420,778 $ 751,159,284 769,420,778 JUNE 30, 2008 AND 2007 STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION Assets Total assets Total liabilities Total net assets Total liabilities and net assets Liabilities and Net Assets equipment and rare book collection—net Accounts payable and accruedRefundable expenses advances Liabilities under split-interest agreements Accrued benefit obligation Asset retirement obligation Bond swap liability Note payable Long-term debt Unrestricted Temporarily restricted Permanently restricted Cash Accounts receivable Government grants and contractsAccrued receivable investment income Prepaid and other assets Contributions receivable—net Unamortized debt issuance costs—net Funds held by trustee Beneficial interest in remainderLand, trust buildings and improvements, Investments Net assets: Liabilities: See accompanying notes to financial statements. 106 INDEPENDENTAUDITORS’REPORT prtn eeus an n te support: other and gains revenues, Operating e copnigntst iaca statements. financial to notes accompanying See year of assets—end Net year of assets—beginning Net te eeus an n te support: other and gains revenues, Other Expenses: rvt otiuin n grants and contributions Private rvt otiuin n rnsto grants and contributions Private activity Auxiliary general and Administration academic other and Libraries Science Social of School Studies Historical of School Sciences Natural of School Mathematics of School s— restriction from released assets Net activity Auxiliary policy spending Endowment grants Government hnei arvleo odsa iblt (1,796,708) debt of defeasance assets on plant Gain of liability swap sale bond on of Gain value fair in Change applying after change Endowment endowment restrictions program of satisfaction pnigpolicy spending hnei e sesfo operations, from assets net in Change expenses Total gains revenues, operating Total hnei e assets net in Change nldn depreciation including support other and EREDDJN 0 2008 30, JUNE ENDED YEAR TTMN FACTIVITIES OF STATEMENT $ 2,1,0 6,2,8 11535660,098,933 71,155,345 165,627,184 423,316,404 $ ______netitdrsrce etitdTotal restricted restricted Unrestricted 4,7,4 7,6,0 06899676,943,989 60,608,939 172,861,706 443,473,344 2,5,4)(,3,2)1,4,0 (16,845,056) 10,546,406 (7,234,522) (20,156,940) (8,960,212) (20,411,124) 48,864,288 11,178,375 48,187,934 (21,110,373) 21,110,373 9,528,355 22,341,145 5,186,983 5,300,486 3,208,209 5,699,130 9,596,216 8,694,889 4,736,416 ,0,4 ,2,9 0564614,981,445 10,546,406 1,725,690 2,709,349 (676,354) 8,697 9,200 6,669,653 4,912,365 — — eprrl Permanently Temporarily — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (676,354) — 48,864,288 — 5,186,983 11,178,375 5,300,486 — 3,208,209 — 5,699,130 — 9,596,216 — 8,694,889 — — — 48,187,934 — 4,736,416 — 31,869,500 6,669,653 — 4,912,365 — — — (1,796,708) — 8,697 9,200 — — (29,371,336) — — INDEPENDENTAUDITORS’REPORT 107 — ——— 4,138,281 — 6,388,967 29,333,400 4,792,841 — — 44,653,489 ——— 8,185,826 — 8,108,222 — 5,654,350 — 3,120,815 — 5,775,886 9,147,227 5,120,920 — 45,113,246 — (459,757) —— (77,865) 11,086 — (1,270,741) — 83,064,708 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Temporarily Permanently — 6,388,967 11,086 (77,865) (459,757) 4,792,841 8,185,826 8,108,222 5,654,350 3,120,815 5,775,886 9,147,227 5,120,920 7,081,605 247,818 4,135,948 11,465,371 (1,270,741) 21,195,708 8,137,692 18,664,940 (18,664,940) 44,653,489 45,113,246 57,723,966 30,872,888 4,135,948 92,732,802 52,439,638 30,625,070 385,749,378 141,988,818 56,472,991 584,211,187 Unrestricted restricted restricted Total ______$ — 4,138,281 $ 443,473,344 172,861,706 60,608,939 676,943,989 STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2007 gains and other support including depreciation Total operating revenues, Total expenses Change in net assets from operations, Change in net assets satisfaction of program restrictions endowment spending policy Private contributions and grants Government grants Endowment spending policy Auxiliary activity Net assets released from restrictions— School of Natural Sciences School of Historical Studies School of Social Science Libraries and other academic Administration and general Auxiliary activity School of Mathematics Gain on sale of plant assets Change in fair value of bond swap liability Loss on defeasance of debt Private contributions and grants to Endowment returns in excess of Operating revenues, gains and other support: Expenses: Other revenues, gains and other support: Net assets—beginning of year Net assets—end of year See accompanying notes to financial statements. 108 INDEPENDENTAUDITORS’REPORT e copnigntst iaca statements. financial to notes accompanying See year of Cash—end year of Cash—beginning ahfosfo prtn activities: operating from flows Cash ahfosfo iacn activities: financing from flows Cash activities: investing from flows Cash erae(nrae nfnshl ytrustee by held funds in (increase) Decrease payable note debt of long-term Repayments of issuance from Proceeds eesneo ogtr debt long-term of Defeasance dutet orcniecag nntast onet to assets net in change reconcile to Adjustments assets net in Change eamn fln-emdebt debt long-term long-term of on Repayment discount bond costs in issuance Increase debt agreements unamortized split-interest in under Increase liabilities in plant increase and (Decrease) endowment for restricted Contributions assets plant of sale from Proceeds ucaeo investments of investmentsPurchase of sale from Proceeds assets plant of Purchase upeetldata: Supplemental ahue noeaigactivities: operating in used cash neetpaid Interest hnei arvleo odsa liability swap bond of investments value of fair value in fair Change in (appreciation) plant depreciation and Net endowment for restricted Contributions Depreciation ano aeo ln assets plant of sale on Gain hne nassets/liabilities: in Changes discount bond of costs Amortization issuance debt debt of of Amortization defeasance on loss (Gain) se eieetobligation retirement Asset obligation benefit Accrued advances expenses Refundable accrued and payable trust Accounts remainder in interest Beneficial receivable Contributions assets other and Prepaid cre netetincome investment Accrued and grants government and receivable Accounts e dces)ices ncash in increase (decrease) Net activities financing by provided cash Net e ahpoie yivsigactivities investing by provided cash Net activities operating in used cash Net otat receivable contracts ER NE UE3,20 N 2007 AND 2008 30, JUNE ENDED YEARS TTMNSO AHFLOWS CASH OF STATEMENTS 5,4 2,544,402 954,245 $ 1,4,5)92,732,802 (16,845,056) $ ,4,2 2,071,234 1,740,125 $ ______741073 (831,057,547) (714,190,713) 2,6,3 849,454,169 727,962,734 1,9,0)(28,260,000) (11,295,000) 1,5,9)(5,980,541) (12,259,996) (19,703,118) (17,216,826) 1541148,814,261 11,544,121 356808,353,601 13,576,870 15017 1,420,125 (1,590,157) 95726 (3,994,212) (9,527,236) (2,015,000) 29545 (1,915,007) (2,915,495) (2,633,789) 2008 ,4,3 (14,496,901) 6,448,835 ,4,0 1,124,277 2,544,402 ,9,6 (110,607,503) 3,168,893 1,796,708 5,694,264 3,644,140 ,2,3 3,994,212 9,527,236 ,4,9 12,769,642 2,049,799 ,4,2 (1,482,730) 1,446,525 (138,737) (337,909) (149,237) 3,9 1,343,348 739,596 424,292 537,774 370,493 596,624 103,660 (62,423) (94,253) 28,840 26,742 (9,200) 867 1,270,741 (8,697) 2007 (925,000) (177,464) (424,837) (631,047) (266,842) 221,748 353,561 (61,193) (11,086) 77,865 96,733 24,138 54,567 96,625 8,542 (170) NOTESTOFINANCIALSTATEMENTS 109 JUNE 30, 2008 AND 2007 NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Temporarily restricted net assets—net assetsactions subject of to donor-imposed the stipulations Institute that and/or will by beUnrestricted the met passage net by of assets—net time. assetsmay not be subject designated to for donor-imposed specific stipulations. purposes Unrestricted by net action assets of the board of trustees. Permanently restricted net assets—net assetstained subject permanently to donor-imposed by stipulations theall that Institute. they or Generally, the be part main- donors of of the income these earned assets on permit related the investments Institute for to general or use specific purposes. ditions on which theyat depend their are estimated substantially fair met. value. Pledges Contributions of of contributions assets to other be received than after cash one are year are recorded discounted at a risk- Revenues are reported asdonor-imposed increases restrictions. in Expenses unrestricted aredonor-imposed net reported stipulations assets that as unless simultaneously decreases userestricted increase of in net unrestricted the unrestricted assets net relatedreceived net are assets asset and reported and assets. expended is Expiration decrease as during limited temporarily of netthe the by statements assets same of fiscal released activities. year from are restrictions. recorded TemporarilyContributions as restricted unrestricted revenues and revenues and investmentrestricted expenses revenues returns in and are with reclassifiedthe to donor-imposed donor-imposed unrestricted restriction. net restrictions assets when areContributions an reported expense of is long-lived as incurred assetsacquisition that temporarily are of satisfies reported grounds, as buildings,contributions and unrestricted are equipment revenue. reclassified Contributions to are restricted unrestricted reported net for as assets the temporarily upon acquisition restricted of revenues. These the assets. Contributions, including unconditional promises to give, areConditional recognized promises as to revenues in give the are period not received. recognized until they become unconditional, that is when the con- • • The accompanying financial statements, whichprepared are presented to on focus the on accruallosses the basis based of Institute on accounting, as the have been existence atherein or whole are absence and classified of to as donor-imposed follows: present restrictions.Accordingly,net net assets• assets and changes and revenues, expenses, gains, and Basis of Presentation (a) Contributions Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Organization The Institute for Advanced Study—Louis Bamberger andent, Mrs. private Felix institution Fuld devoted Foundation to (the the Institute),a an encouragement, independ- community support of and scholars patronage of where learning, intellectual was inquiry foundedFocused could in on be 1930 mathematics carried as and out classicalStudies, in studies the School the at of the most Mathematics, outset, favorable the the circumstances. has School Institute of a today Natural small consists Sciences of permanent andresearch the the faculty, institutions School School and and of of some Social Historical universities Science. 190 throughout Each the school fellowships world. areThe awarded objectives of annually the to Instituteprimary visiting were described members purpose as from is follows in other theship the pursuit Founders’ to original of the letter advanced utmost to learning degreemit.” the that and firstTrustees:“The the exploration facilities in of fields the of institution pure and science the and ability high of scholar- the faculty and students will per- (1) Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 110 NOTESTOFINANCIALSTATEMENTS h se eieetObligation Retirement Asset (h) Support Other and Gains Revenues, Other (g) Costs Issuance Debt Unamortized (f) Agreements Interest Split (e) Advances Refundable (d) Depreciation and Assets Plant (c) Investments (b) srtv mlye h aemtcranrqieet tpltdb h or ftrustees. of admin- board senior the and by faculty stipulated full-time requirements to certain residences met method. primary have identification on who specific mortgages employees the istrative first loss- using offers and calculated regularly Gains are Institute basis. The securities settlement-date investment a of on explic- sale recorded by are the restricted decreas- transactions on permanently and sale es or increases and temporarily as Purchase is stipulation. investments use donor on their it losses unless assets and net these gains unrestricted for unrealized respectively, in market es, recognize ready activities a of had statements used estimated The been funds.These have of would value that values fair the existed. the Institute from determining securities significantly The agrees in value. differ and used may market val- partners values assumptions general upon quoted fair and and based methods or managers value, investment valuation fair partners external the at by with provided general statements values managers, financial the evaluates investment the and in reviews external reported partner- by are limited provided funds, securities, offshore ues marketable and in hedge investments and investments, ships short-term including investments, All contributions. the addition- on any, as if recorded restrictions, is donor-imposed discount with of accordance 3.34%.Amortization in to revenue 2.36% contribution from al range rates discount rate.The free h nttt eonzstefi au falaiiyfrlglolgtosascae ihastretirements asset with associated obligations legal for liability a of value fair the recognizes Institute The activities. of revenues, invest- other statements considered on the are losses in expenses and pur- support and gains revenue similar and other nonrecurring and earned and and income endowment gains investment purposes for other long-term All held for 4. year investments held note each revenue ments for in operating discussed policy to fully spending allocated more Institute’s is as poses, losses the and with gains accordance and income in investment long-term of portion A costs these of financing.Amortization debt with connection in incurred costs represent costs issuance Debt life accompanying the the in of in estimates policy Changes the investments. spending in applying of changes after other component change activities. and endowment a of deter- discount as statements as the as reported value of included are fair amortization annuitant, payments are at or future recorded and donor are the price arrangements of these market esti- expectancy adjust- the under is quoted and Institute and Institute, by rates the the and determined by to mined received The actuarially fund. held contributed year using assets annuity assets the computed the annually.The is in gift of ed liability contribution value beneficiary.This a the a fair and to the as liability funds between reported mated difference income is the pooled agreements as unitrusts, interest calculated is split various these of in beneficiary interest Institute’s the is revenues Institute as The reported condition. are the and of revenue, terms restricted the with deferred accordance as in initially expended recorded when are amounts Conditional equip- years, 20–40 improvements useful capital estimated and to the (buildings restricted, basis over years). if straight-line provided or, 3–6 a funds, is ment on operating Depreciation assets to respective acquisitions. the transferred plant of are lives for unrestricted, if restricted assets, temporarily plant amounts of sale the from Proceeds ntepro nwihteolgto sicre,i codnewt iaca conigStandards Accounting Financial with accordance in incurred, is obligation the which in period the in $634,270 of amortization accumulated of indebt- net applicable were the 2007 of and term 2008 respectively. remaining 30, $530,610, June the and over at extending costs method issuance interest Debt edness. effective the on provided is NOTESTOFINANCIALSTATEMENTS 111 (77,413) 658,996 343,572 925,155 2007 Accounting for (FIN 48). FIN 48 (402,472) 2008 2,739,667 3,961,416 1,002,568 ______$ 1,221,749 $ 3,558,944 and FASB Interpretation (FIN) 47, Asset Retirement Obligations Total financial statements as a result of the adoption of FIN 48. addresses the accounting forments uncertainties and in prescribes income a taxestions threshold recognized of taken in more-likely-than-not or an for organization’s expected recognitionment, financial classification, to and state- interest be de-recognition and of penalties, taken and tax in disclosures.There posi- a was no tax significant return. impact FIN to 48 the Institute’s also provides related guidance on measure- Certain reclassifications have beenentation. made to the prior year balances to conform to theIn current June year pres- 2006,Accounting the for Financial Accounting Uncertainty in Standards Income Board Taxes, an (FASB) interpretation issued of FASB FASB Interpretation Statement No. No. 48, 109 The preparation of financialrequires statements management in to conformity make with estimatesbilities and U.S. generally assumptions and accepted that disclosure accounting affect of principles thealso reported contingent affect amounts assets the of reported and assets amountsdiffer liabilities and of lia- from at revenues those and the expenses estimates. date during of the the reported period.Actual financial statements. results Estimates could The Institute is exempt fromCode federal (the Code) income and taxes is pursuantsified listed to as in Section a the 501(c)(3) public Internal of charity Revenue the Service under Internal Publication Section 78.The Revenue 509(a) Institute of has the been Code. clas- The costs of providing programfunctional services basis and support in servicesamong the of the statements the functional Institute of categories. have activities. been Accordingly, summarized certain on operating a costs have been allocated Fund raising expenses incurredended June by 30, 2008 the and 2007, Institutees respectively.This amount in amounted is the included to accompanying in $1,473,629 statements administration of and and general activities. $1,259,139 expens- for the years Board (FASB) No. 143, Conditional Asset Retirement, Obligations made.When if the a liability reasonable is estimategation initially of by recorded, increasing the the the Institute fair carrying capitalizesent value amount the value of of each cost the period, the of related and obligation the long-livedthe the asset.The capitalized can asset useful liability cost retirement be life is associated obli- accreted of withsettle to the the the its retirement related obligation pres- asset asset. is retirement Upon depreciatedments obligation over settlement of and of activities. the the liability obligation, recorded any is difference recognized between as the a cost gain to or loss in the state- Less than one year One to five years Discount on promises to give Unconditional promises to give: Unconditional promises to give at June 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows: (m) Reclassifications (n) Recently Adopted Accounting Standards (l) Use of Estimates (k) Tax Status (j) Functional Allocation of Expenses (i) Fund Raising Expenses (2) Contributions Receivable 112 NOTESTOFINANCIALSTATEMENTS 4 netetRtr n nomn pnigPolicy Spending Endowment and Return Investment (4) Trustee by Held Funds and Investments (3) etsedn ecnaeo h arvleo oldivsmnswihi eemndb h or fTrustees of Board cur- the for by distribute determined to is which is of investments Institute amount pooled the the of with of value budget, investments. fair policy operating the policy.The on annually. its of spending losses in percentage its a return and using spending endowment gains rent its determined unrealized of support and portion planned a realized such includes and Institute dividends, the interest, year, Each of consists return the Investment 2007, Jersey and are 2008 funds New 30, Such York. June New 2008 value. At of year. and carrying Bank one their The 2006 than approximates by less pur- 2001, securities trust of such construction in the of maturities for held value from with expended being market obligations been are proceeds Government yet U.S. funds the not in payments.These have invested of service that debt balance bonds or Authority) the poses (the represent Authority Facilities trustee Educational by held Funds Trustee by Held Funds following: the of comprised are 2007 and 2008 30, June at investments funds similar and Endowment Investments usatal l fteivsmnsaepoe ihec niiulfn usrbn oo ipsn fuison units basis. of quarterly disposing a or on to determined unit, subscribing per fund value individual market each 2008. the 30, with June of pooled at basis are investments the partnerships the limited of its all to Substantially $46,663,167 invest to committed regulatory has of Institute absence The liquidity, nonmar- composition. and limited portfolio to, derivatives of limited (both nondisclosure investments not elements speculative and are contain investments) 89% on but may ketable include, emphasis and respectively, individuals, instruments 76%, risks key 2007.These Such and upon 30, risk. 13% dependence June market oversight, and at and 2008 credit Institute 30, 91% both the June respectively,and by of 79%, at held and Institute investments 12% the total represent by of collectively, funds held offshore investments and total partnerships of collectively, limited in interests Institute’s The ud netdseparately: invested Funds staff and faculty from Mortgages securities Debt funds offshore and Hedge partnerships Limited hrtbermidradpoe noefunds: income pooled and remainder Charitable Stocks securities income Fixed ahadcs equivalents cash and Cash Total 8400487,779,723 78,420,024 $ 6,0,9 686,367,878 666,901,593 $ ______6,2,0 681,601,223 662,421,400 2,5,5 519,097,590 526,658,352 0770168,436,537 50,777,001 2008 ,8,9 4,766,655 4,480,193 4,046,496 ,6,2 6,287,373 6,566,023 3,9 4,358,645 433,697 — 2007 117,683 290,327 NOTESTOFINANCIALSTATEMENTS 113 2007 100,049203,508 4,736,458 203,508 2008 2007 2008 1,169,517 1,063,469 2,381,472 2,378,346 88,472,10224,158,152 74,545,515 22,049,349 (56,397,210) (52,976,337) 116,862,270 105,354,115 Temporarily Temporarily ______$ 377,470 377,470 $ 60,465,060 52,377,778 1,930,021 568,143 2,498,164 (3,379,467) (2,314,797) (5,694,264) (1,191,899)(2,187,568) 4,392,667 (6,707,464) 3,200,768 (8,895,032) 24,629,41647,702,972 14,518,600 23,756,515 39,148,016 71,459,487 73,635,346 38,762,762 112,398,108 Unrestricted restricted Total ______Unrestricted restricted Total ______$ 1,302,958 487,647 1,790,605 $ 52,439,638 30,625,070 83,064,708 $ (20,411,124) (8,960,212) (29,371,336) $ 5,309,488 2,882,940 8,192,428 spending policy applying spending policy of investments Net book value Net appreciation in fair value ofTotal investments investment return 72,332,388 38,275,115 110,607,503 Endowment returns in excess of Total investment return Endowment change after Net depreciation in fair value Realized gain Unrealized gain Dividends and interest Endowment spending policy for use in operations 21,195,708 8,137,692 29,333,400 Endowment spending policy for use in operations 22,341,145 9,528,355 31,869,500 Realized (loss) gain Unrealized loss Land Land improvements Buildings and improvements Equipment Construction in progress Rare book collection Joint ownership property Less accumulated depreciation Physical plant andbooks, equipment other are than rare stated books, at are not costA capitalized. at summary of date plant of assets acquisition, at less June 30, accumulated 2008 depreciation. and Library 2007 follows: The Institute has capitalized$223,139 interest in income construction in of progress $467,246 for and the $120,751 years and ended June interest 30, expense 2008 of and 2007, $411,610 respectively. and Dividends and interest The following tables summarize theyears investment ended return June and 30, its 2008 classification and in 2007: the statements of activities for the (5) Physical Plant 114 NOTESTOFINANCIALSTATEMENTS 6 ogTr Debt Long-Term (6) neetepneo ogtr etfrteyaseddJn 0 08ad20 a 18011ad$1,965,524, and $1,870,101 was 2007 and 2008 30, June ended years the for respectively. debt long-term on expense Interest discount bond unamortized Less C—NJEFA Series 2008 C—NJEFA Series 2006 B—NJEFA Series 2006 A—NJEFA Series 2001 n udisalet hog uy1 01 h biaint a h uhrt naproi ai,i the in basis, Institute. periodic the of a obligation on general a Authority is the bonds, pay the on to due obligation interest 3% and from The 2021. ranging principal sink- cover 1, rates and at to payments July interest sufficient principal through require bear amounts and Bonds installments prices C various fund Series at 2008 redemption ing and to A, subject Series are semi-annually, 2001 payable G, 5%, to Series F, 1997 pay Series 1997 to The and G, Series advance Rates 1997 the finance Interest outstanding to of issued refunding were advance Bonds the C Bonds, 2008 Bonds, Series F Revenue 2008 Series $11,255,000 Issue.The 1997 of Study outstanding Advanced offering of for Authority refunding Institute the the of of proceeds C received Series Institute the 2008, March In issuance C and sale Series 2006 the the to 2008 incidental on costs Bonds. interest construction, certain C pay of capitalized to Series costs fund and 2006 the to construction finance the Institute, and renovation to of the the used of during 2006 being Bonds Bonds, facilities are C Revenue educational Proceeds Series $20,000,000 Issue. certain Study of equipping Advanced offering for and Bonds. Authority Institute renovating the B the of Series of proceeds 2006 C received the Bonds, Series Institute of A the issuance 2007, Series and March 2001 sale In the the C advance of to the Series refunding incidental finance advance costs 2006 to partial certain 2006 issued of the were Bonds, Bonds, portion Bonds Revenue G B a $29,600,000 pay Series Series of to 2006 1997 and offering Issue.The outstanding Study Authority the Advanced the for of of Institute refunding the proceeds of received B Institute Series the 2006, July In bonds Revenue B B Hall Series Series Bloomberg 2006 2006 of the construction 2001 through the Bonds, refunded for Revenue partially used $11,000,000 were were below. of Proceeds bonds Issue. detailed offering projects.These Study capital Advanced Authority for additional the Institute and of the proceeds of received A Institute Series the 2006 2001, the May through In refunded were A below. bonds Series detailed remainder These Bonds 2001 housing. Revenue Series.The members C 1991 Bonds, Series of Revenue por- renovations 2008 existing Issue.A and for the Study B used retire Advanced Series for was to Bonds, Institute proceeds used Revenue the was the of $16,310,000 ($16,969,355) G of of proceeds Series offering the 1997 Bonds, Authority of Revenue the tion $26,565,000 of and proceeds F received Series Institute 1997 the 1997, G November & In F Series 1997 & F Series 1997 follows: 2007 and 2008 30, June at debt long-term of summary A oto fcrancssicdna otesl n suneo h 08Sre Bonds. C Series 2008 the of issuance and sale the to incidental costs certain of portion a oa ogtr debt long-term Total G—NJEFA $ 2488664,571,136 62,458,856 $ ______9600020,000,000 29,600,000 11,255,000 19,600,000 28,900,000 ,8,0 2,980,000 2,980,000 2008 2614 (218,864) (276,144) 12,210,000 — 2007 — NOTESTOFINANCIALSTATEMENTS 115 .The Institute entered into this 2,615,000 2,725,000 2,055,000 2,290,000 Amount 50,625,000 ______$ 2,425,000 $ 62,735,000 Total Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 through 2036 Year ending June 30: which active employees become eligible under existing benefit plans. Separate voluntary defined contribution retirementsonnel, both plans of are which in provide effect forand/or for annuities, which the faculty are College members funded, Retirement to and Equities theTeacherssation eligible Insurance Fund. staff Contributions and in Annuity per- are Association based accordanceContributions on for the with the individual participant’s years therespectively. compen- ended formula June 30, set 2008 and forthIn 2007 addition totaled to in approximately providing pension $1,917,516 theretired benefits, and the employees and Institute plan $1,741,000, provides faculty. Substantially, certain all documentsfits health of if care the on and they Institute’s life meet employees a insurance may minimum benefits become nondiscriminatory for age eligible and for basis. service these requirements. bene- The Institute accrues these benefits over a period in Bond Swap Agreement On April 18, 2006, theering Institute $29,600,000 entered of into outstanding a 2006to swap Series Lehman agreement Brothers B Commercial with Bonds Bank Lehman thatInstitute in required Brothers exchange a the Commercial for Institute variable Bank Lehman to cov- Brothersmonthly, rate on pay Commercial an a Bank equal fixed identical agreeing rate to notional todate of amount.The pay 67% 3.7702% of the effective of the date swap the of agreement the USD-LIBOR-BBA coincides swap withIn rate was the July September with 19, maturity 2006 2008, a of and the“Event the term the of filing bonds, termination Default,”giving of which of the is three a Institute Julyon months, the 1, notice petition 2031. right payable to in to Lehman terminate bankruptcyparty. Brothers the by Commercial swap Bank. and Lehman Management designate Brothers is an Holdings in Early TerminationThe the Date Inc. process constituted accounting of an for identifyingStandard a this (SFAS) new No. 133, transaction counter- has been made in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting The 2006 Series Bweekly and rates C determined Bonds by bear Lehman interestest Brothers at Inc, rate as variable on Remarketing Agent rates.The the and 2006 bondsat paid Bonds were various monthly.The maximum issued shall prices inter- be in and twelve thetion require Weekly percent Mode to principal (12%) with pay per payments the annum.The and Authority sinkingbonds, 2006 on is fund bonds a a installments are periodic general subject through basis, in obligation to JulyJPMorgan the of 1, redemption Chase 2036.The amounts the Bank sufficient obliga- Institute. to On to take cover September principal over 18, as and 2008 interest Remarketing the Agent, due Institute replacing on entered Lehman the into Brothers a Inc. contract with swap agreement with the intentionof of lowering the its derivative effective interest wasended rate.At ($1,874,573) June June 30, and 30, 2008 2008 and ($77,865), andments 2007, respectively.The the of 2007 fair unrealized activities in value loss in the recognized change amount in during ofThe fair the $1,796,708 bonds value and year are of $77,865, repayable bond respectively, is as swap follows reported liability. at in June the 30, state- 2008: (7) Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits 116 NOTESTOFINANCIALSTATEMENTS fetv ue3,20,teIsiueaotdtercgiinaddslsr rvsoso ABSaeetNo. Statement FASB of provisions disclosure and recognition the adopted Institute 158, the 2007, 30, June Effective tJn 0 08ad20,a1.%tedrt a sdfrhat aecss ihtert eraigratably decreasing rate the with costs, care health thereafter. for 5.0% used at was constant rate remaining then trend and 10.0% 2015, a year 2007, the and until 2008 30, June At assumptions average weighted cost benefit Periodic at assumptions average weighted obligation Benefit cost: benefit periodic net of Components obligation: benefit in Change obligation: the benefit of Postretirement status funded the and obligation benefit in 2007: change and the 2008 those 30, of impact June extent reconciliation an at the a have occur plan not provides to changes did expenses, table the 158 from following which Statement The in apart of year assets, implementation statements. the net cost.The financial in periodic unrestricted accompanying status net the in funded the on that in change plans included in the postretirement not changes within are other recognize changes line and to pension separate and benefit liability a defined or through of asset status net funded a the as recognize to organizations requires o h er ne ue3,20 n 2007: and 2008 30, June ended years the for 2007: and 2008 30, June obligation transition of Amortization cost Interest cost Service status) (funded year of end at obligation Benefit gain Actuarial paid Benefits cost Interest year cost of Service beginning at obligation Benefit participants plan active participants Other plan active eligible Fully Retirees mlyr’conigfrDfndBnftPninadOhrPsrtrmn Plans Postretirement Other and Pension Benefit Defined for Employers’Accounting icutrate Discount rate Discount oteieetbnftobligation benefit Postretirement e eidcpsrtrmn eei cost benefit postretirement periodic Net 23101 (1,450,326) 407,843 (2,361,041) $ 389,693 12,004,751 $ 9,089,256 $ 13,919,758 12,004,751 12,004,751 $ 9,089,256 6,227,490 $ 4,639,239 $ ______Saeet18.Saeet158 Statement 158). (Statement 34246 (2,709,132) (3,482,406) (2,709,132) (3,482,406) ,6,0 4,102,576 1,674,685 2,962,704 1,487,313 2008 082007 2008 5444 (464,681) (554,454) 3,7 850,963 731,672 850,963 407,843 731,672 389,693 .5 6.25% 6.25% 6.25% 6.50% 2007 The effects of a 1% increase or decrease in trend rates on total service and interest cost and the postretirement benefit obligation are as follows:

______2008 ______2007 ______Increase ______Decrease ______Increase ______Decrease Effect on total service and interest cost $ 203,384 (161,678) 234,394 (185,806) Effect on the postretirement benefit obligation 1,077,744 (892,256) 1,602,249 (1,323,751)

Projected payments for each of the next five fiscal years and thereafter are as follows:

______Amount Year ending June 30: 2009 $ 686,000 2010 514,000 2011 545,000 2012 555,000 2013 569,000 2014 through 2017 3,130,000

(8) Temporarily and Permanently Restricted Assets Restricted net assets are available for the following purposes at June 30, 2008 and 2007:

______2008 ______2007 Temporarily restricted net assets are restricted to: School of Mathematics $ 39,536,754 42,533,500 School of Natural Sciences 11,925,902 13,646,782 School of Historical Studies 39,708,158 38,052,148 School of Social Science 63,781,459 67,018,770

Libraries and other academic 4,208,312 4,384,848 STATEMENTS FINANCIAL TO NOTES Administration and general ______6,466,599 ______7,225,658 $ 165,627,184 172,861,706 ______Permanently restricted net assets are restricted to: Investments to be held in perpetuity, the income from which is expendable to support academic services $ 71,155,345 60,608,939 ______

117 (9) Disclosures About Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Institute is required by SFAS No. 107, Disclosure About Fair Value of Financial Instruments, to disclose the estimated fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized in the statement of financial position, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. The estimated fair value amounts in the following disclosure have been determined by the Institute using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies.The estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Institute could realize in a current market exchange, and the use of different market assumptions or methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts at June 30, 2008 and 2007.

______2008 ______2007 Assets: Cash $ 954,245 2,544,402 Government grants and contracts receivable 2,780,100 3,627,985 Funds held by trustee 10,864,390 17,313,225 Beneficial interest in remainder trust 3,350,996 3,775,288 Investments 666,901,593 686,367,878

Liabilities: Note payable 621,402 683,825 Long-term debt 64,329,256 64,969,924

The fair value estimates presented are based on information available to the Institute as of June 30, 2008 and 2007, and have not been revalued since that date.While the Institute is not aware of any significant factors that would affect the estimates since that date, current estimates of fair value could differ significantly from the amounts disclosed. NOTESTOFINANCIALSTATEMENTS

118 nttt o dacdStudy Advanced for Institute IASInstitute for Advanced Study eotfr2007–2008 for Report

INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY EINSTEINDRIVE PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 08540 609-734-8000 www.ias.edu

Report for the Academic Year 2007–2008