W.M.CUTHBERT&CO.,Ltd

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

W.M.CUTHBERT&CO.,Ltd • The Mouthpiece of the Native Peoples Authori.ed to pllbli.b GOV'l!lrDmeal Notice. Native. affecting JOHANNZSBtlRO, :lOTu MAY, 1933. .oel'.. red o. "'. Ihurl' Vol. 14 . No. 6St t_ Oil ..........'Il001101 . Price 36 CUTHBERTS KE LEBENKELE LE LEBl'rso CUTHBERTS " KE BABATS'O BA REKANG LIE'fA TS'HtELETSO EA HAD IB. 0 BO LONA CUTHBERTS REKA LIETA. BakeDg la !soble Ise Malak. Ie Liela. MEFl'TA E PEJ.E EA LIETA TSE AMELOANG. V KA NI BONA LIFESTERENG TSA L EBENKELE LA RONA ; U K.A Ll BONA KAHARE LEBENKELENG . LE UENA U KA LUMEL.'t HORE HA LlA LEKANA CHELETE EKAALO. BOHLE ao LENA LA JOHANNESBURG BA NTSE BA ITLISA HO BONA LIPOREIS[ 'l'SE NGOTSOENG TSA lJETA. LICHUSI TSA BANNA PARA ELENNGOE 40 Mcf utll. el\, taontt. SIWStl tsoh!e IsibiDi 8 /9 para. elenngoe lsibiDi 12/6 TSA BANXA LICHl'.'U LTSANTLt--:LE T3A BA<;;ALT. Mo­ futA no pele Ii~ae;;e t30hle pa.ra. elenngoe 12/6 --- _9/11 hibiDi • LIETA 1'5A SANNA L.E:rL',L.,!' HOHLE. Li sa.e~e kaofela. Tee one\oang botha.ta. para elenngoe LJ· IsibiDi 8 /9 CHUS[ TSA HANNA TSA U KABA BANNA LICHUSI SALLOA KE TSE NTLE LETHO KAPA Tse .sootho TSA MALEIDI LIcaUSI kapa tse 12/6 HOFETA Tsa Sootho kapa patent t&e nang ts'Ollna. IdoIiLle mabanu para elenngoe 12/6 " ", I.ibini .1.0/6 LIETA TS.-\ LlETA TSA FOOTBALL l'OQTB:ALL Sll£'se tsoble ~ae3e t.sohle LIt:T.\ TSA BANNA tse ts'oroa kapo. he sootho, saese t.'loh le para elcnngoe T'IE NTlE IJASOLO 10/6, :12/ 6 LE 15/6 Para Elenngoe IsibiDi 15/6 LISELE PERE TSA BA SALI HOTLOHA PARA· • Lit:T.\ TS8 TS'OEU ELENNGOE T:-iA TEN~TS Ll TREO­ 2 /6 lsi bini Tt-:OE ':\IAAKANE P.O. Box 1177, JOHANNESBURG. W.M.CUTHBERT&CO.,Ltd. Makala Hoble Lelah'eDg. - INKOSI yakba amatbambo yomeleze noko meleza, Umgubo wo Mbona BIZA KU NO\'E~KILE WAKUNI "lNKOS[ Umgubo wo mbona." Asinguwo Umgubo wo Mbona 10 Oqelekileyo Usilwa yi- Koko wona kugutywo. umbona okheti: weyo-oyeo& mbono. llDokusiJwa. U«a­ UNION FLOUR MILLS lelw& e:r;inxhoweni e:r;iginya. iponti wbu­ ru;imo. e:r;i ISO, 100, 50, 20, 10 De 5. Johannesburg & Durban. UMTETELl WA BANTU, JOHANNKBUURO, :!I)TiI MAY, 1933. All eomm"n/ctti"II' ,,, U addr~1oS«I ,,,: the position lends to tho con- uuroni:fdoUl:l of tho lUanner JoU1tA&u., clusiou that coalition a~ a in which thoir natirmal affairs Death of Capt. Blair Hook P.O. Box ",j:':;, saving factor is all impossihle nrC' conducted, and they can J 0 """'''8 8 D uao, thing in the CongrC'ss oa~o . form no id<'c\ of tho direction \Yf" n'.II:r;-t tA, n:ptlrt tho d"ath a' (.'''p'. TO~II o( (:aptalll n Hlalr Hl'lOk Pwblllhld W~dll' Nativo organisations fail and from whirh their ndvanta&:(o IJ I; 0 .. f) n M.\y 13 "fhl' latoe Capt StJU(lN7J'IOtt RAn_tD,. PO"'). arc wiped out becausc of their may come. With fine faith Bi&lr llrl(l k WWI horn at OraLam.town leaders' remarkable incapacity; they leave tbeir destiny in thc ODe y~u IIS/· 111 IM:!l an.1 DQ," lI(·rvl<·C in tL,. Mat ,bel,. but the chief reason for tho hands of It small coterie of Wnl'll nf 18Ul and 1806. and in th,. T~ failure of Native political and professionallcaders, and nlways AII/llo ·Ho'·r War. .t'I" 31 YI'al'l he " .. .. " . industrial institutions IS the de- their trust i .. betrayed. There Cbil·' ('oml){)und Mallager of thl'! Eaet RaDII Pmpri('t.I"lrY Mint'8 and .. well plorable dlsloyalt.v of their is no present hope of conacien- "n"illl to Xlllive8 throu.II:hout Hootl. officers, the scramble for tbe tiousleadership for the people, Afei, a who will mOlleo ti,,,, delloth of a Umteteli wa Bantu high places and the bitterness who will profit. themsel .... es more flympathHie and unllf't~t"ndinj:( con. engendered by the fierce com· Iby withholding their subr>crip- troller a",1 advi ... ·r 20th MAY, 1933. petition for control. There are. tions to Congress and other A n·pMl of the lal.(, ~'.pt. Blalf HI)()k " rl· t ir('ffil·ut an II of a pn"wnt.ation of courtie, other caUSl'S of society funds while they cndea­ mad,· t" him by ~ativu ... ho had disintegmtion such as tbe vour to learn from di!llOterested worked undrr hi8 din<·tiol1, appeared unfortunate tendency of leadC'rs teachers the elements of their in l·mt~kli I" .\I'TlI'" IS CONGRESS DEAD? to misuse trust funds, and the own polities and the value of We are urged by recent selfish mdh'idualism thnt for· unity in the pursuit of a sound happenings again to question bids effective team work. Look- objective under able and trust. the advisability oC maintaining ing back over the years it is worthy leadership. Congress in its present form seen that Native organisation The Congress aeems to be and under its present leader· has always heen the beginning on the point of disRolution. 1t ship. We ha.ve no sort oC of disunity, and that rancour seemS that neither its prestige quarrel with Dr. P. ka 1_ Seme. and malicc operate strongly to nor its influence can he restored He is perhaps as good a mao counteract good intention and while it~ admini!'ltration is faced as any other to be at the head shatter such purposes as are with au opposition apparently of a. national Bantu institution. commendahle. Greatness is ever strongC'r than it!lelC, and thut Culturally he is exalted above beset by penalties, but the really nothing remains but to wind it the majority of those who great man is always aSSlured of up and admit the uU{>r failure criticise and reject his control, 8. lsrge non-official following of a. sreat experiment. The and his general ability is possi· wbich offsets inner jealousies hst Bloemfontein conference 'lUI:: I.All:: C.\I"I". nfAJh HOOK. bly greater than the average. and intrigues, But the melan- waR a particularly unfavour­ We are prepared to believe choly fact oC Native organis- able advertil<ement for Con. thatDr.Seme was prompt.ed by ation is tha.t the rank and 61e Srees. Its total lack of dignity, motives of high patriotism have little understanding ofthe and the su~picion of a packed The German Menace. when last month at Bloemfon­ politics of the leaders and less house are two things that Con­ tein he contrived bis re-election oftbelr main objectives. TbUl:i gress will live down "itb diffi­ The a.oxi()u~ly awaik>d drclaratioD to the Congress presidency. the lea.der~ are at the mercy of <.'uit\', if at all; and a further by Herr llit1cr ha~ bto(·o Wide. 1tl' those who would be leaders, offence against tbe tenets of mod('ratetooe h .... g< ne far to ~liel""e and that bis public spirit and intc·roati?oal tt·o~ion. Gumany. eay. his earnest desire to revive the and they 6ght hopelessly proper organi~ation was the H itler. I rt'"ady to dilllrm. but old glory of the Congress were against ultimate. depositio.n. plain obli\'io~sne~~ of delegates Ctlmao)" m~l~ta on equality, and accountable for his acceptance Consequently Native orgaDls, to aUJ· con~lderation oC the is determined to ret't"rl' he.. e'atUl'. of a vote that was plainly un· ation inevitably fails, and the whhes of the people they were Pr","iti~nt Roollf'velt Ii,;,teoed to a Native people bave been suppo~erl to represent. We hroadca;;t. of Hltler.$ ,'~cb in the­ representative. We have re­ R-okhqap' and is said to teel mU;;-h ceived from Dr. Seme a sta te· brought to a point at which ~rri\'e at the fact that Con~ress r .. lie '!"l d tbat it", term~ open a 1II'ay for ment which if published would they are unable to represent IS not n people's institution prollli~illg dll!cuq~ion. occupy practically the whole of their case responsibly for tbe and that merdy as an arena fo; In a message he ha~ addreeaed to the one of our pages. In this state· reason that there exists no the contest;; of candidates, more poWtr~ Pr~ident Roo-el·elt. has identl' ment he traverses the proceed­ Native political or industrial or less unqualified, Cor political fie.d America \\ith tbe inter~ta of European couotriee, and hal e:.:ploded ings of the Bloemfontein Con­ institution oC a responsible elovation it has no valid excuse the belief that the Uni~·d Statee would ference and endeavours to character. The people have Cor continued existence An n:dude ihrlf from an" mell8ure fouod show that his attitude and Cor many years been sadly effete ('ongrer>s might benefic­ nec('!I!!ary for th,. discipline of obstruct. actions have tbroughout been misled, an~ tbe ~~nd .of in- iall)' di~appear and make way il""~ natiOll8. "Diaarmament" helaye above reproach. But in his formed Native oplDlon IS that for a less pretentious but more . 13 tIlt' only way to prevent iuvMion. Ameriun8 realiee that. W~3POI1S of review of the position Dr. no effective organisation is practical body with another o&"'.noo are needed only if other Seme. perhaps unavoidably, possible unless the people, the name.
Recommended publications
  • Ancient China and the Yue: Perceptions and Identities on the Southern Frontier, C
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08478-0 - Ancient China and the Yue: Perceptions and Identities on the Southern Frontier, c. 400 BCE–50 CE Erica Fox Brindley Frontmatter More information Ancient China and the Yue In this innovative study, Erica Brindley examines how, during the period 400 BCE–50 CE, Chinese states and an embryonic Chinese empire interacted with peoples referred to as the Yue/Viet along its southern frontier. Brindley provides an overview of current theories in archaeol- ogy and linguistics concerning the peoples of the ancient southern frontier of China, the closest relations on the mainland to certain later Southeast Asian and Polynesian peoples. Through analysis of Warring States and early Han textual sources, she shows how representations of Chinese and Yue identity invariably fed upon, and often grew out of, a two-way process of centering the self while decentering the other. Examining rebellions, pivotal ruling figures from various Yue states, and key moments of Yue agency, Brindley demonstrates the complex- ities involved in identity formation and cultural hybridization in the ancient world and highlights the ancestry of cultures now associated with southern China and Vietnam. Erica Fox Brindley is Associate Professor of Asian Studies and History at the Pennsylvania State University. She is the author of Music, Cosmology, and the Politics of Harmony in Early China (2012), Individualism in Early China: Human Agency and the Self in Thought and Politics (2010), and numerous articles on the philosophy, religions, and history of ancient China. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08478-0 - Ancient China and the Yue: Perceptions and Identities on the Southern Frontier, c.
    [Show full text]
  • Wei Jingsheng and the Democracy Movement in Post-Mao China Merle David Kellerhals Jr
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Institute for the Humanities Theses Institute for the Humanities Summer 1998 Wei Jingsheng and the Democracy Movement in Post-Mao China Merle David Kellerhals Jr. Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/humanities_etds Part of the Asian History Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Kellerhals, Merle D.. "Wei Jingsheng and the Democracy Movement in Post-Mao China" (1998). Master of Arts (MA), thesis, Humanities, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/7pt4-vv58 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/humanities_etds/13 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Institute for the Humanities at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Institute for the Humanities Theses by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WEI JINGSHENG AND THE DEMOCRACY MOVEMENT IN POST-MAO CHINA by Merle David Kellerhals, Jr B A. May 1995, College of Charleston A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS HUMANITIES OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 1998 Approved by: Jin Qiu (Director) hen Jie (Member) David Putney (Member) Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1391982 Copyright 1999 by Kellerhals/ Merle David, Jr. All rights reserved. UMI Microform 1391982 Copyright 1998, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Foreign Relation Strategies Under Mao and Deng: a Systematic and Comparative Analysis
    Chinese Foreign Relation Strategies Under Mao and Deng: A Systematic and Comparative Analysis JOSEPH YU-SHEK CHENG AND FRANKLIN WANKUN ZHANG During the past half-century, Chinas foreign relations strategies evolved in an uneven way. Undeniably, both Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping made significant impact on the evolution of Chinas foreign relations strategy and established their own models in their respective eras in effect dividing the history of Chinese foreign policy into two. In the shadow of the Cold War, Chinese foreign relations shifted between the United States and the Soviet Union as the future superpower struggled to safeguard national security, guarantee sovereignty and territorial integrity and enhance its international status under Mao. In the last two decades Chinese foreign relations strategies were less geared towards survival and security as Deng presided over the pursuit of the Four Modernizations and the establishment of a new international political and economic order in a framework of peace and non-alliance. As its impact on the shaping of world affairs grows, China's foreign relations strategies will continue to evolve in the next century when it becomes truly capable of an "overthrow of the planetary balance". The 20th century has witnessed Chinas rise from a weak, economically backward country to an important actor in the international system. From the founding of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). In 1949, Mao Zedong attempted to break the bipolar system and make China an independent and important strategic power. The reform and opening to the outside world policy program, also known as China's second revolution,1 initiated by Deng Xiaoping in late 1978, laid the foundation for Chinas spectacular economic growth and enabled it to become an effective actor in the international system.
    [Show full text]
  • Deng Xiaoping in the Making of Modern China
    Teaching Asia’s Giants: China Crossing the River by Feeling the Stones Deng Xiaoping in the Making of Modern China Poster of Deng Xiaoping, By Bernard Z. Keo founder of the special economic zone in China in central Shenzhen, China. he 9th of September 1976: The story of Source: The World of Chinese Deng Xiaoping’s ascendancy to para- website at https://tinyurl.com/ yyqv6opv. mount leader starts, like many great sto- Tries, with a death. Nothing quite so dramatic as a murder or an assassination, just the quiet and unassuming death of Mao Zedong, the founding father of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). In the wake of his passing, factions in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) competed to establish who would rule after the Great Helmsman. Pow- er, after all, abhors a vacuum. In the first corner was Hua Guofeng, an unassuming functionary who had skyrocketed to power under the late chairman’s patronage. In the second corner, the Gang of Four, consisting of Mao’s widow, Jiang September 21, 1977. The Qing, and her entourage of radical, leftist, Shanghai-based CCP officials. In the final corner, Deng funeral of Mao Zedong, Beijing, China. Source: © Xiaoping, the great survivor who had experi- Keystone Press/Alamy Stock enced three purges and returned from the wil- Photo. derness each time.1 Within a month of Mao’s death, the Gang of Four had been imprisoned, setting up a showdown between Hua and Deng. While Hua advocated the policy of the “Two Whatev- ers”—that the party should “resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave”—Deng advocated “seek- ing truth from facts.”2 At a time when China In 1978, some Beijing citizens was reexamining Mao’s legacy, Deng’s approach posted a large-character resonated more strongly with the party than Hua’s rigid dedication to Mao.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovering Discrepancies in Numerical Libraries
    Discovering Discrepancies in Numerical Libraries Jackson Vanover Xuan Deng Cindy Rubio-González University of California, Davis University of California, Davis University of California, Davis United States of America United States of America United States of America [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT libraries aim to offer a certain level of correctness and robustness in Numerical libraries constitute the building blocks for software appli- their algorithms. Specifically, a discrete numerical algorithm should cations that perform numerical calculations. Thus, it is paramount not diverge from the continuous analytical function it implements that such libraries provide accurate and consistent results. To that for its given domain. end, this paper addresses the problem of finding discrepancies be- Extensive testing is necessary for any software that aims to be tween synonymous functions in different numerical libraries asa correct and robust; in all application domains, software testing means of identifying incorrect behavior. Our approach automati- is often complicated by a deficit of reliable test oracles and im- cally finds such synonymous functions, synthesizes testing drivers, mense domains of possible inputs. Testing of numerical software and executes differential tests to discover meaningful discrepan- in particular presents additional difficulties: there is a lack of stan- cies across numerical libraries. We implement our approach in a dards for dealing with inevitable numerical errors, and the IEEE 754 tool named FPDiff, and provide an evaluation on four popular nu- Standard [1] for floating-point representations of real numbers in- merical libraries: GNU Scientific Library (GSL), SciPy, mpmath, and herently introduces imprecision. As a result, bugs are commonplace jmat.
    [Show full text]
  • The Davie Record DAVIB COUNTY’S ODDEST NBWSPAPER-THE PAPER the BEOPDE READ
    The Davie Record DAVIB COUNTY’S ODDEST NBWSPAPER-THE PAPER THE BEOPDE READ NEWS OF LONG AGO. AT PEACE WITH GOO Connty Has Hnge Joh CooIeemee Christmas Is The War Over? Seen AlongMain Street Rev. Walter E. henhonr. Hiddenite.!). C. More than $370,000 is expected Party Great Success Fighting for au ally of - Aineri ByTheStteetRanibler. Wbat Was Happemag In Davie The heart: and soul at peace with to be spent during the next five ca dvrihg the~w<ir is one thing and oooooo BK HARRY S. STROUD. - Before Tbe New Deal UsedVp God years by Davie County home own­ fighting tor one half j of China a Miss Ruth Lakey ‘wearing new The Christmas party for the Has’pleasures sweet aloug life’s ers on remodeliug and repair work. gainst the other half in a civil war pair of rubber boots—Cjarence Tbe Alphabet, Drowned The children of Erwin mill workers at way, The year 1946 promises to inau­ is another: Craven looking happy after foe - Hapaaad Plowed Up .The Cooleemee which, was igld at the Although sometimes ,affliction’s gurate one of the greatest areas in ...That’s what’, American.... aiimen holidays—Herbert Haire shaking Cottoa and Cora. rod . American history, for., home iool building Saturday tbmk.. reported angrily protistlng Handgwkh ^ iends-M fcs Hazel pairs and modernization, accord­ evening, Dee. 22, was a great sue- (Davie Record, Jan. 5. 1910) May seem quite heavy for die their postwar assignment to fly Mcdamroch driving slowly acrois ing to estimates 'released by the cess. The party was sponsored by Cotton ls 13 cents.
    [Show full text]
  • Uneven Development and Beyond: Regional Development Theory in Post-Mao China*
    Uneven Development and Beyond: Regional Development Theory in Post-Mao China* C. CINDY FAN From Maoist redistributive policies1 to Deng’s uneven development model to the current Ninth Five-Year Plan (1996–2000), Chinese regional policy has undergone several decades of trials, adjustments and readjustments. During the first three decades of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), investments were diverted from the more developed coastal areas to the poorer interior, in order to ‘correct’ the inherent uneven regional development, to tap inland raw materials and resources, and for national defense purposes2 (Falkenheim, 1985; Yang, 1990). Post-Mao evaluations of these redistributive policies criticized their neglect of economic efficiency and their failure to accelerate national economic growth. Then, Deng’s rise to power brought about a stark reversal of regional development priorities. Specifically, the coastal region is designated to be developed first, with a host of open zones set aside for foreign investment and rapid economic growth. Deng’s uneven development policy has led to a widening development gap between the coastal areas and the interior, contradicting Mao’s attempt to narrow regional disparities but has indeed contributed to strong national economic growth. Yet the debate on regional development continues. Since the mid-1980s, criticisms of the uneven development policy have become more severe and alarming, culminating in the current Ninth Five-Year Plan, which advocates once again that investments be increased in inland areas. The debates and shifts of Chinese regional policy are a product of politics as well as the prevailing philosophies and theories of development. This paper emphasizes the latter.
    [Show full text]
  • VITA FURJEN DENG ADDRESS Office: Department of Sociology
    1 VITA FURJEN DENG ADDRESS Office: Department of Sociology, Sam Houston State University Huntsville, Texas 77341 Phone: (936) 294-1515 Fax: (936)294-3573 E-mail: [email protected] ACADEMIC PREPARATION Ph.D. Sociology, 1990, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN M.S. Sociology, 1985, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN B.A. Sociology, 1982, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan EMPLOYMENT 5/2015-present Chair, Department of Sociology, Sam Houston State Univeristy 1/2015-5/2015 Interim Chair, Department of Sociology, Sam Houston State University. 9/2002-present Professor, Department of Sociology, Sam Houston State University. 9/2007-2011 Associate Chair, Department of Sociology, Sam Houston State University. 9/1996-8/2002 Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Sam Houston State University. 9/1990-8/1996 Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Sam Houston State University. RESEARCH INTERESTS Cross-Cultural Comparison of Quality of Life among Cancer Patients, Cancer Disparities, Community- Based Participatory Research, Social Impact Assessment and Program Evaluation. COURSES TAUGHT Introduction to Sociology, Social Problems, Introduction to Ethnic Studies, Statistics, Urban Sociology, Environmental Sociology, Social Ecology, Social Change and Community Structure, and Social Impact and Project Evaluation. AWARD Research Achievement Award, 1st Place Poster Presentation Competition, “An Analysis of Dietary and Exercise Patterns among Chinese Cancer Survivors: Preliminary Results,” Poster presentation, the Eighth Annual Texas Conference on Health Disparities-Interaction of Smoking, HIV/AIDS and Cancer, May 30- 31, 2013, Fort Worth, TX. Jessica Burk, Maria Chang, Furjen Deng, Helen Sun, Sheau Yuen Lee, and Lace Chen. Recipient, 2012, Community Engagement Scholar, College of Humanities and Social Science, SHSU. 2 Recipient, the 2008 NMCAW Community Award for significant contributions to eliminating health disparities in the area of cancer outreach and cancer education, National Minority Cancer Awareness, the University of Texas- M.D.
    [Show full text]
  • (And Misreading) the Draft Constitution in China, 1954
    Textual Anxiety Reading (and Misreading) the Draft Constitution in China, 1954 ✣ Neil J. Diamant and Feng Xiaocai In 1927, Mao Zedong famously wrote that a revolution is “not the same as inviting people to dinner” and is instead “an act of violence whereby one class overthrows the authority of another.” From the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 until Mao’s death in 1976, his revolutionary vision became woven into the fabric of everyday life, but few years were as violent as the early 1950s.1 Rushing to consolidate power after finally defeating the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, or KMT) in a decades- long power struggle, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) threatened the lives and livelihood of millions. During the Land Reform Campaign (1948– 1953), landowners, “local tyrants,” and wealthier villagers were targeted for repression. In the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries in 1951, the CCP attacked former KMT activists, secret society and gang members, and various “enemy agents.”2 That same year, university faculty and secondary school teachers were forced into “thought reform” meetings, and businessmen were harshly investigated during the “Five Antis” Campaign in 1952.3 1. See Mao’s “Report of an Investigation into the Peasant Movement in Hunan,” in Stuart Schram, ed., The Political Thought of Mao Tse-tung (New York: Praeger, 1969), pp. 252–253. Although the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) was extremely violent, the death toll, estimated at roughly 1.5 million, paled in comparison to that of the early 1950s. The nearest competitor is 1958–1959, during the Great Leap Forward.
    [Show full text]
  • The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ideology and Significance of the Legalists School and the School Of
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 351 4th International Conference on Modern Management, Education Technology and Social Science (MMETSS 2019) The Ideology and Significance of the Legalists School and the School of Diplomacy in the Warring States Period Chen Xirui The Affiliated High School to Hangzhou Normal University [email protected] Keywords: Warring States Period; Legalists; Strategists; Modern Economic and Political Activities Abstract: In the Warring States Period, the legalist theory was popular, and the style of reforming the country was permeated in the land of China. The Seven Warring States known as Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Wei and Zhao have successively changed their laws and set the foundation for the country. The national strength hovers between the valley and school’s doctrines have accelerated the historical process of the Great Unification. The legalists laid a political foundation for the big country, constructed a power framework and formulated a complete policy. On the rule of law, the strategist further opened the gap between the powers of the country. In other words, the rule of law has created conditions for the cross-border family to seek the country and the activity of the latter has intensified the pursuit of the former. This has sparked the civilization to have a depth and breadth thinking of that period, where the need of ideology and research are crucial and necessary. This article will specifically address the background of the legalists, the background of these two generations, their historical facts and major achievements as well as the research into the practical theory that was studies during that period.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Kingdoms Unveiling the Story: List of Works
    Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of the Japan-China Cultural Exchange Agreement List of Works Organizers: Tokyo National Museum, Art Exhibitions China, NHK, NHK Promotions Inc., The Asahi Shimbun With the Support of: the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, NATIONAL CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION, July 9 – September 16, 2019 Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Japan With the Sponsorship of: Heiseikan, Tokyo National Museum Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Notes Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Co.,Ltd., MITSUI & CO., LTD. ・Exhibition numbers correspond to the catalogue entry numbers. However, the order of the artworks in the exhibition may not necessarily be the same. With the cooperation of: ・Designation is indicated by a symbol ☆ for Chinese First Grade Cultural Relic. IIDA CITY KAWAMOTO KIHACHIRO PUPPET MUSEUM, ・Works are on view throughout the exhibition period. KOEI TECMO GAMES CO., LTD., ・ Exhibition lineup may change as circumstances require. Missing numbers refer to works that have been pulled from the JAPAN AIRLINES, exhibition. HIKARI Production LTD. No. Designation Title Excavation year / Location or Artist, etc. Period and date of production Ownership Prologue: Legends of the Three Kingdoms Period 1 Guan Yu Ming dynasty, 15th–16th century Xinxiang Museum Zhuge Liang Emerges From the 2 Ming dynasty, 15th century Shanghai Museum Mountains to Serve 3 Narrative Figure Painting By Qiu Ying Ming dynasty, 16th century Shanghai Museum 4 Former Ode on the Red Cliffs By Zhang Ruitu Ming dynasty, dated 1626 Tianjin Museum Illustrated
    [Show full text]