Interdependency and Commitment Escalation As Mechanisms of Illicit Network Failure
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Submitted for the Phd Degree at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
THE CHINESE SHORT STORY IN 1979: AN INTERPRETATION BASED ON OFFICIAL AND NONOFFICIAL LITERARY JOURNALS DESMOND A. SKEEL Submitted for the PhD degree at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 1995 ProQuest Number: 10731694 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731694 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 A b s t ra c t The short story has been an important genre in 20th century Chinese literature. By its very nature the short story affords the writer the opportunity to introduce swiftly any developments in ideology, theme or style. Scholars have interpreted Chinese fiction published during 1979 as indicative of a "change" in the development of 20th century Chinese literature. This study examines a number of short stories from 1979 in order to determine the extent of that "change". The first two chapters concern the establishment of a representative database and the adoption of viable methods of interpretation. An important, although much neglected, phenomenon in the make-up of 1979 literature are the works which appeared in so-called "nonofficial" journals. -
China Assessment October 2001
CHINA COUNTRY ASSESSMENT October 2001 Country Information and Policy Unit CONTENTS 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 - 1.5 2. GEOGRAPHY 2.1 - 2.26 Geographical area 2.1 - Jiangxi province 2.2 - 2.16 Population 2.17 Names / Surnames / clan names 2.18 - 2.20 Language 2.21 - 2.26 3. HISTORY 3.1 –3.54 pre-1993: 3.1 - 3.2 1966-76 Cultural Revolution 3.3 - 3.5 1978-89 and economic reform 3.6 - 3.9 1989 Tiananmen Square 3.10 - 3.12 Post-Tiananmen 3.13 -3.14 1993-present: 3.15 - 3.33 Crime and corruption 3.15 - 3.24 Criminal activity 3.25 - 3.28 Government leadership 3.29 Economic reform 3.30 - 3.34 Currency 3.35 1999: Anniversaries 3.36 - 3.37 International relations 3.38 - 3.39 "One country, two systems" issues 3.40 - 3.54 Relations with Taiwan 3.40 - 3.43 Hong Kong: 3.44 - 3.46 Elections 3.47 Dissidence 3.48 -3.50 Mainland born children 3.51 Vietnamese boat people 3.52 Macao 3.53 - 3.54 IV: INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE 4.1 - 4.49 Government and the Constitution 4.1 - 4.20 Political structure 4.4 General overview 4.6 - 4.10 Village committees 4.11 - 4.19 Neighbourhood committees 4.20 Legal framework 4.21 Criminal Law 4.23 Criminal Procedure Law 4.25 State Compensation Law 4.25 Regulation changes 4.28 Appeals 4.29 Land law 4.34 Security situation 4.37 - 4.33 Shelter and investigation 4.38 Re-education through labour 4.39 Police 4.40 - 4.46 Armed Forces, Military conscription and desertion 4.47 - 4.49 5. -
The Model Minority Myth and Unauthorized Asian Immigrants
An Invisibility Cloak: The Model Minority Myth and Unauthorized Asian Immigrants Denny Chan* Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1281 I. The Case for Unauthorized Immigration as a Latino Issue ............................... 1282 A. Evidence from the World Wide Web ..................................................... 1283 B. Legislative Evidence ................................................................................... 1283 C. Public Commentary .................................................................................... 1287 II. Reasons Why Latinos and the Unauthorized Are Conflated ........................... 1288 A. Powerful Numbers and Rapid Growth ................................................... 1288 B. Geographic Proximity ................................................................................ 1290 C. Economic Factors ....................................................................................... 1290 D. Classism and Colorism .............................................................................. 1291 III. Asian Americans and Unauthorized Immigration ............................................ 1293 A. Discrimination Against Asian Americans and Asian Immigrants ...... 1293 B. Asian Immigrants with Unauthorized Status ......................................... 1295 C. The Model Minority Myth at Work ......................................................... 1298 Conclusion: Thoughts on Interracial -
Characteristics of Chinese Human Smugglers: a Cross-National Study, Final Report
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Characteristics of Chinese Human Smugglers: A Cross-National Study, Final Report Author(s): Sheldon Zhang ; Ko-lin Chin Document No.: 200607 Date Received: 06/24/2003 Award Number: 99-IJ-CX-0028 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINESE HUMAN SMUGGLERS ---A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY to the United States Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice Grant # 1999-IJ-CX-0028 Principal Investigator: Dr. Sheldon Zhang San Diego State University Department of Sociology 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego, CA 92 182-4423 Tel: (619) 594-5449; Fax: (619) 594-1325 Email: [email protected] Co-Principal Investigator: Dr. Ko-lin Chin School of Criminal Justice Rutgers University Newark, NJ 07650 Tel: (973) 353-1488 (Office) FAX: (973) 353-5896 (Fa) Email: kochinfGl,andronieda.rutgers.edu- This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. -
Insight TF Nstlr
November 2005 ■ No. 7 SUMMARY Beginning with immigration inspectors who patrolled on horseback, border US Border Enforcement: enforcement traditionally has focused on the Southwest border. The issue From Horseback grew in prominence during the 1970s following the implementation of per- to High-Tech country limits on legal immigration and the earlier termination of the US- Deborah Waller Meyers Mexican Bracero program. Border Patrol funding has grown more than I. Introduction 500 percent over the last two decades, as legislative and policy Borders are a concrete representation of a nation’s statehood, changes (including 1986 immigration as each state seeks to control entries into its sovereign terri- reform and a new 1994 border tory. Indeed, the ultimate responsibility of a government is to control strategy of “prevention safeguard the security and well-being of its citizens. In the through deterrence”) specified minds of the American public, the term “border enforce- concentrated and enhanced personnel ment” conjures images of Border Patrol agents in green uni- and technological resources. During forms, trying to prevent the entry of drugs, thugs, and illegal this time, immigration control and immigrants along a relatively uncontrolled, and at times drug enforcement efforts at the chaotic, US-Mexico border. And for most of the 20th century, border became intertwined, and that was an accurate characterization, as enforcement military tactics and equipment were resources were allocated in that manner. adapted for both efforts. Genuine border enforcement, however, consists of integrating The scope of border enforcement the work, resource allocation, and information capacity of all efforts widened approaching the ports of entry—including northern and southern land bor- millennium to include the northern ders, airports, and seaports—as well as the territory between border, airports, and seaports. -
Good Things Come to Those Who Wait? Reconsidering Indeterminate and Indefinite Detention As Tools in U.S
GOOD THINGS COME TO THOSE WHO WAIT? RECONSIDERING INDETERMINATE AND INDEFINITE DETENTION AS TOOLS IN U.S. IMMIGRATION POLICY MICHAEL S. VASTINE* Introduction Detention of deportable immigrants is a major component of the United States' immigration enforcement policy. Our cultural consciousness is rife with examples of detention practice throughout our history and detention is a part of our immigrant tradition. European immigrants passed through Ellis Island quickly unless a reason, usually health-based, was presented to justify detention. This is so pervasive in our national mythology that even the fictional Vito Corleone of The Godfather movies was quarantined at Ellis Island for three months for smallpox infection. As a parallel model, in the early twentieth century the majority of Asian immigrants were processed and potentially detained at Angel Island in San Francisco Bay.1 In the early 1990s, political instability in Haiti led to a mass exodus of refugees who eventually were housed on the U.S. naval * Michael S. Vastine is Assistant Professor and Director of the Immigration Clinic at St. Thomas University School of Law. 1 See generally Angel Island, State Park, San Francisco, www.angelisland.com/immigration-station/index.php. Angel Island is now a California State Park. The website stated: In 1905, construction of the [Angel Island] U.S. Immigration Station began. It became a detention facility, where Asian (primarily Chinese) immigrants were detained until they could prove they were joining relatives already in the country. The average detention lasted two to three weeks, but many lasted several months. Some people were forced to stay for nearly two years. -
China, Country Information
China, Country Information CHINA COUNTRY ASSESSMENT April 2003 Country Information and Policy Unit I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III ECONOMY IV HISTORY V STATE STRUCTURES VIA HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES VIB HUMAN RIGHTS: SPECIFIC GROUPS VIC HUMAN RIGHTS: OTHER ISSUES ANNEX A: CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS ANNEX B: POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS ANNEX C: PROMINENT PEOPLE ANNEX D: GLOSSARIES ANNEX E: CHECKLIST OF CHINA INFORMATION PRODUCED BY CIPU ANNEX F: REFERENCES TO SOURCE MATERIAL 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2 The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum / human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum / human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3 The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. 1.4 It is intended to revise the assessment on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom. 2. GEOGRAPHY file:///V|/vll/country/uk_cntry_assess/apr2003/0403_China.htm[10/21/2014 9:56:46 AM] China, Country Information Geographical Area 2.1. The People's Republic of China (PRC) covers 9,571,300 sq km of eastern Asia, with Mongolia and Russia to the north; Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakstan to the north-west; Afghanistan and Pakistan to the west; India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam to the south; and Korea in the north-east. -
The Rise and Fall of Chinatown in Contemporary America Golden
Recent Arrivals from the Middle Kingdom: The Rise and Fall of Chinatown in Contemporary America Russell Duncan, University of Copenhagen Lecture description. The people of Chinese America are a part of the greater diaspora of bodies involved in a many-centuries-long migration from China to everywhere. In this sense, globalization with its border crossings, communications systems and transportation conveyances is nothing new. And yet, in the 21st Century, the migratory volume of Chinese students, ”parachute kids,” transnational business people, brides and husbands, adopted children, and undocumented workers is unprecedented. In 2012, the United States ranks fourth in the world in the total number of citizens with Chinese ancestry living inside its borders. This lecture focuses on the current contours of the newest “first generation” of American-born Chinese (ABCs) and Chinese-born Americans (CBAs). The old inner-city Chinatowns full of bachelor populations are being replaced by the growing ethnoburbs of family life and political power of “model minority” citizens, and others not so well praised. Seminar focus questions: 1. How do family members and stories shape the identity and destiny of the migrant after his arrival to a new country? 2. Yiyun Li says, “But the story I am telling you, it is not over yet.” What do stories tell us about the right time and factors necessary for narration? 3. In what ways does Zhao’s essay confront both the “perpetual foreigner” and the “model minority” sobriquets that are often used to describe Chinese Americans? Essential reading: Ha Jin, “The Bane of the Internet,” A Good Fall (NY: Pantheon, 2009). -
Why Immigrants Benefit the United States Economy and the Legal and Tax Issues Chinese, Filipinos and Vietnamese Face When Immigrating to the U.S
Golden Gate University School of Law GGU Law Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship 4-14-2016 Why Immigrants Benefit the nitU ed States Economy and the Legal and Tax Issues Chinese, Filipinos and Vietnamese Face When Immigrating to the U.S. Marc Santamaria Golden Gate University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/theses Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Immigration Law Commons Recommended Citation Santamaria, Marc, "Why Immigrants Benefit the nitU ed States Economy and the Legal and Tax Issues Chinese, Filipinos and Vietnamese Face When Immigrating to the U.S." (2016). Theses and Dissertations. Paper 67. This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at GGU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of GGU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GOLDEN GATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW ÈÈÈÈÈ Why Immigrants Benefit the United States Economy and the Legal and Tax Issues Chinese, Filipinos and Vietnamese Face When Immigrating to the U.S. Attorney Marc Santamaria, J.D., LL.M. S.J.D. Candidate ÈÈÈÈÈ SUBMITTED TO THE GOLDEN GATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES, IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE CONFERMENT OF THE DEGREE OF SCIENTIAE JURIDICAE DOCTOR (SJD). Professor Dr. Christian Nwachukwu Okeke Professor Dr. Remigius Chibueze Professor Dr. Gustave Lele SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA April 14, 2016 Acknowledgments To our God and Father be glory for ever and ever. -
Gender and Organized Crime
UNIVERSITY MODULE SERIES MODULE 15 GENDER AND ORGANIZED CRIME UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME EDUCATION FOR JUSTICE UNIVERSITY MODULE SERIES Organized Crime Module 15 GENDER AND ORGANIZED CRIME UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2019 This Module is a resource for lecturers. Developed under the Education for Justice (E4J) initiative of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), a component of the Global Programme for the Implementation of the Doha Declaration, this Module forms part of the E4J University Module Series on Organized Crime and is accompanied by a Teaching Guide. The full range of E4J materials includes university modules on integrity and ethics, crime prevention and criminal justice, anti-corruption, trafficking in persons / smuggling of migrants, firearms, cybercrime, wildlife, forest and fisheries crime, counter-terrorism as well as organized crime. All the modules in the E4J University Module Series provide suggestions for in-class exercises, student assessments, slides and other teaching tools that lecturers can adapt to their contexts, and integrate into existing university courses and programmes. The Module provides an outline for a three-hour class, but can be used for shorter or longer sessions. All E4J university modules engage with existing academic research and debates, and may contain information, opinions and statements from a variety of sources, including press reports and independent experts. Terms and conditions of use of the Module can be found on the E4J website. © United Nations, April 2019. All rights reserved, worldwide. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Yang V. Maugans: Just When You Thought It Was Safe to Get in the Water
NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW Volume 21 Number 3 Article 6 Summer 1996 Yang v. Maugans: Just When You Thought It Was Safe to Get in the Water David Teeples Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj Recommended Citation David Teeples, Yang v. Maugans: Just When You Thought It Was Safe to Get in the Water, 21 N.C. J. INT'L L. 667 (1995). Available at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj/vol21/iss3/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Yang v. Maugans: Just When You Thought It Was Safe to Get in the Water Cover Page Footnote International Law; Commercial Law; Law This article is available in North Carolina Journal of International Law: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj/vol21/ iss3/6 Yang v. Maugans: Just When You Thought It Was Safe to Get in the Water I. Introduction America has long been the mecca of hope and freedom to which millions of immigrants and refugees have traveled, both legally and illegally. Paradoxically, this nation of immigrants has often been reluctant to open its doors and welcome new generations of immi- grants. Perhaps not surprisingly, recent federal court decisions have just made it more difficult for refugees to enter the United States and enjoy the freedom that we too often take for granted.1 The decisions involved the Golden Venture smuggling ship which grounded off the coast of New York resulting in hundreds of illegal Chinese aliens jumping overboard and trying to swim ashore.' In general terms, the appellate court rulings reflect America's ambivalence and antagonism toward those who try to smuggle their way into the United States. -
Sister Ping Sentenced to 35 Years in Prison for Alien Smuggling, Hostage Taking, Money Laundering and Ransom Proceeds Conspiracy
United States Attorney Southern District of New York FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: U.S. ATTORNEY'S OFFICE March 16, 2006 HERBERT HADAD, MEGAN GAFFNEY HEATHER TASKER, BRIDGET KELLY PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE (212) 637-2600 SISTER PING SENTENCED TO 35 YEARS IN PRISON FOR ALIEN SMUGGLING, HOSTAGE TAKING, MONEY LAUNDERING AND RANSOM PROCEEDS CONSPIRACY MICHAEL J. GARCIA, United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, announced today that CHENG CHUI PING, a/k/a “Sister Ping,” was sentenced today to 35 years in prison for her role in leading an international alien smuggling ring. Sister Ping is one of the first, and ultimately most successful, alien smugglers of all time. CHENG was convicted in June 2005 after trial before United States Chief District Judge MICHAEL B. MUKASEY and a jury, of three separate counts, including one count of conspiring to commit alien smuggling, hostage taking, money laundering and trafficking in ransom proceeds, one count of money laundering and one count of trafficking in ransom proceeds. (A count-by-count breakdown of the sentences imposed is attached.) The evidence at trial demonstrated that Sister Ping ascended from running a one-woman smuggling shop to become the leader of a multi-national smuggling empire. Sister Ping began her career in the early 1980's, smuggling handfuls of fellow villagers from China into the United States by airplane with fake identification documents. By the time of her April 2000 arrest, Sister Ping had reached the pinnacle of her criminal trade and had smuggled more than one thousand aliens into the United States, sometimes hundreds at a time.