USHC – 2.2: Explain how the Monroe Doctrine and the concept of Manifest Destiny affected the United States’ relationships with foreign powers, including the role of the United States in the Texan Revolution and the Mexican War.

Opening: Work Period: Expansion in 2.2 Monroe Texas Readin Doctrine and Guide Manifest Destiny

Closing: QUIZ on 2.1 and 2.2 Essential Question

How did the Monroe Doctrine and Manifest Destiny effect different areas of foreign policy during the 19th century? •European monarchies defeat •European monarchies form Napoleon in 1815 the Quadruple Alliance to suppress democratic •Simon Bolivar and Jose San revolutions Martin lead the independence •Newly independent nations of movement in the Latin Latin America gain the American colonies and sympathy of the American overthrow Spain people •Russian tsar announces in 1821 •Britain and U.S. are alarmed that his empire extends south at Russian expansionist aims into Oregon •Britain proposes to issue a •British fear that the Quadruple joint statement with the U.S. Alliance may try to suppress against intervention in Latin Latin American democracies America •Sec. Of State John Q. Adams •U.S. issues the Monroe advises that the U.S. issue an Doctrine independent statement opposing intervention in Latin American

 British and U.S. leaders decided they had a common interest in protecting North and South America from the possible aggression of a European power  *British initiative-wants to protect their lucrative trade American response  Secretary of State John Quincy Adams believed that joint action with Britain would restrict U.S. opportunities for further expansion in the hemisphere  If the U.S. acted alone, Britain could be counted upon to stand behind U.S. policy  No European power would risk going to war in South America, and if it did, the British navy would surely defeat the aggressor monroe doctrine •*Aimed at European Powers who wanted to restore their colonial holdings •Also a response to the collapse of the Spanish empire in the Americas and our recent history with Great Britain and France.

•Keep European monarchies out of the Western Hemisphere. •Their government systems are foreign to the U.S.

• Referred to as America’s Self Defense Doctrine. • It is a continuation of President Washington’s neutrality and isolationist policies. • Past problems with Europe led the US to declare the Americas off-limits to Europe

US recognized US protector of new existing European democracies in the Colonies Monroe Western Hemisphere Doctrine US will stay out of No European European affairs Colonization in the Americas

Western Hemisphere or the Americas. •New Latin American countries were formed from successful revolutions. •US protector of new democracies in the Western Hemisphere

Activity –Mini Debate

 In 1823, President James Monroe, with the help of his advisors, developed the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine said that the US would not allow any European nation to intervene in or colonize countries in the Western Hemisphere in any way at any time for any reason.

 Do you believe that Monroe had the right to tell other countries to stay out of the Western Hemisphere? Explain. Reasons for Manifest Destiny  Changes in the early Antebellum era (1800-1840), encouraged westward expansion in the 1840s  Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the USA  Lewis & Clark’s exploration confirmed the economic potential of the western territory

What changed in the 1840s that encouraged westward expansion? Manifest Destiny In the 1840s, westward“Obvious expansion“Future led Americans to acquire” all lands” from the Atlantic to Pacific in a movement called Manifest Destiny Americans flooded into the West for new economic opportunities The U.S. gained Texas, Oregon, California, & other territories through treaty or war When Americans were colonists (1607-1783), the western border was the Appalachian Mountains

After the Revolutionary War, the western border of the U.S. was the Mississippi River After Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the western border was the Rocky Mountains By 1850, the western border was the Pacific Ocean from Oregon to California

Reasons for Manifest Destiny  Americans had a God-given right to all the land of the North American continent. (Other peoples were less favored by divine providence)  The growth of “King Cotton” & commercial farming led to a desire for more western lands  Improved transportation such as canals, steamboats, & railroads increased speed & profitability

MEXICO CONTROLS TEXAS  After 300 years of Spanish rule, Mexican settlers felt at home in Texas territory  Mexico won their independence from Spain in 1821 and Texas was theirs  Mexican officials offered land to Americans to make the area more stable  Americans soon outnumbered Mexicans in Texas – trouble started when Mexico outlawed slavery

Texas Revolution Revolt  Tariff on American imports  Texans wanted Salutary Neglect  Alamo – Pres. Santa Anna lead attack  187 Americans died  Texans later defeated Mexican Army Texas Revolution 3. Republic of Texas  Separate Country

4. Annexation  America absorbed Texas  Issue- Slave or non- Slave? Manifest Destiny-Texas  In order to avoid controversy over whether TX would be a slave state, Texas remained independent for almost a decade.  President James Polk annexed Texas shortly after his election in 1844.

Manifest Destiny-Mexican Cession  President Polk offered to purchase additional Mexican territory, but was turned down.  He sent troops to a region that was disputed between TX and MX, and the Mexicans interpreted this as a hostile act, which led to war.

 Peace treaty gave US land that includes California, New Mexico and Arizona.  This was neither American territory nor unclaimed land.

Impact of the Mexican War  The Mexican War established an adversarial relationship between the US and Mexico that lasted into the 20th century and may still influence resentments today over illegal immigration. Activity 2-Flow Map  Create a flow map of key events from standard 2.1 and 2.2 (use your notes from yesterday!) CLOSING  QUIZ TIME!

Extra Credit:  Analyze the picture on the next slide. (Worth up to 10 points for a well-thought out response)

 www.historyonthenet.com

This picture is entitled ‘Manifest Destiny’. Explain how the artist uses the objects and people in the picture to encourage people to fulfil their Manifest Destiny.