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Phylogenetics, Flow-Cytometry and Pollen Storage in Erica L
Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaft und Res sourcenschutz Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung Prof. Dr. J. Léon Phylogenetics, flow-cytometry and pollen storage in Erica L. (Ericaceae). Implications for plant breeding and interspecific crosses. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften (Dr. agr.) der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn von Ana Laura Mugrabi de Kuppler aus Buenos Aires Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaft und Res sourcenschutz Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung Prof. Dr. J. Léon Referent: Prof. Dr. Jens Léon Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Jaime Fagúndez Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Dietmar Quandt Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 15.11.2013 Erscheinungsjahr: 2013 A mis flores Rolf y Florian Abstract Abstract With over 840 species Erica L. is one of the largest genera of the Ericaceae, comprising woody perennial plants that occur from Scandinavia to South Africa. According to previous studies, the northern species, present in Europe and the Mediterranean, form a paraphyletic, basal clade, and the southern species, present in South Africa, form a robust monophyletic group. In this work a molecular phylogenetic analysis from European and from Central and South African Erica species was performed using the chloroplast regions: trnL-trnL-trnF and 5´trnK-matK , as well as the nuclear DNA marker ITS, in order i) to state the monophyly of the northern and southern species, ii) to determine the phylogenetic relationships between the species and contrasting them with previous systematic research studies and iii) to compare the results provided from nuclear data and explore possible evolutionary patterns. All species were monophyletic except for the widely spread E. arborea , and E. manipuliflora . The paraphyly of the northern species was also confirmed, but three taxa from Central East Africa were polyphyletic, suggesting different episodes of colonization of this area. -
Properties of Trunk and Briarwood of Tree Heath (Erica Arborea L.) From
Properties of trunk and briarwood of tree heath ( Erica arborea L.) from island Rab Slavko Govor čin 1, Tomislav Sinkovi ć1, Tomislav Sedlar 1, Bogoslav Šefc 2, Iva Ištok 2 1,2 Department for wood science, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Croatia, [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Tree heath (Erica arborea L.) is an evergreen shrub that grows mainly in Mediterranean region. This species tends to grow in areas such as macchia shrub lands, dry evergreen scrublands, forest roadsides and forest outskirts which have a lot of light and sun though daytime. Tree heath is not a commercial timber species, it occurs as a result of forest roads and forest fireroads construction. This wood species is interesting because of its briarwood. Briarwood is tumour like outgrow that develops between root and trunk and it’s commonly used in making bowls of tobacco smoking pipes and knife handles. The trunk can also be used for variety of products because of its relatively good mechanical properties and nice colour and texture. Material for this study was taken from tree heath ( Erica arborea L.) shrubs growing on island of Rab in Croatia. In this study density and dimensional stability of briarwood and trunk of tree heath were investigated . Also some mechanical properties of trunk such as bending strength and compression strength parallel to the grain were studied. Key words: Tree heath ( Erica arborea L.), briarwood, trunk, physical properties, mechanical properties AIM OF RESEARCH Knowing technological characteristics of wood is important postulate for rational usage of wood recourses. -
Ericaceae Five Petals, Sometimes Free, Though Usually the Heather Family Fused Together to Form a Tube, Bell Or Urn
RHS GENEALOGY FOR GARDENERS EUDICOTS sepals, free or fused at the base, and four or Ericaceae five petals, sometimes free, though usually The heather family fused together to form a tube, bell or urn. The stamens are in whorls of four or five and Hugely useful in the garden, this family of mainly woody plants includes the heathers the pollen is released from the anthers by (Calluna, Erica, Daboecia), azaleas, rhododendrons, wintergreens (Gaultheria), way of pores at the tips. Pieris and mountain laurels (Kalmia). Commercially significant crops include Fruit blueberries and cranberries (Vaccinium). Fruits are typically dry capsules, though fleshy Size Origins fruits, such as blueberries, are not uncommon. One of the larger families, the Ericaceae contains Earliest evidence of this family dates to the Late Leaves over 3,850 species. Within this great diversity are Cretaceous (about 90 million years ago). Fossils many small genera with one or two species, and suggest that Ericaceae was once more diverse in Most Ericaceae have evergreen, alternate leaves and Vaccinium corymbosum, three titans; Rhododendron (with 1,000 species), Europe, which was home to genera now restricted no stipules. Some species, such as many azaleas, highbush blueberry Erica (850 species) and Vaccinium (500 species). to Asia and/or America. are deciduous, while opposite and whorled leaf It should be noted that azaleas are included arrangements are also known. Leaf margins are within Rhododendron. Flowers entire, toothed or curled under, and some species USES FOR THIS FAMILY (including many rhododendrons) have dense hair Great floral diversity is encompassed by this or scales on the lower surfaces. -
Island Biology Island Biology
IIssllaanndd bbiioollooggyy Allan Sørensen Allan Timmermann, Ana Maria Martín González Camilla Hansen Camille Kruch Dorte Jensen Eva Grøndahl, Franziska Petra Popko, Grete Fogtmann Jensen, Gudny Asgeirsdottir, Hubertus Heinicke, Jan Nikkelborg, Janne Thirstrup, Karin T. Clausen, Karina Mikkelsen, Katrine Meisner, Kent Olsen, Kristina Boros, Linn Kathrin Øverland, Lucía de la Guardia, Marie S. Hoelgaard, Melissa Wetter Mikkel Sørensen, Morten Ravn Knudsen, Pedro Finamore, Petr Klimes, Rasmus Højer Jensen, Tenna Boye Tine Biedenweg AARHUS UNIVERSITY 2005/ESSAYS IN EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY Teachers: Bodil K. Ehlers, Tanja Ingversen, Dave Parker, MIchael Warrer Larsen, Yoko L. Dupont & Jens M. Olesen 1 C o n t e n t s Atlantic Ocean Islands Faroe Islands Kent Olsen 4 Shetland Islands Janne Thirstrup 10 Svalbard Linn Kathrin Øverland 14 Greenland Eva Grøndahl 18 Azores Tenna Boye 22 St. Helena Pedro Finamore 25 Falkland Islands Kristina Boros 29 Cape Verde Islands Allan Sørensen 32 Tristan da Cunha Rasmus Højer Jensen 36 Mediterranean Islands Corsica Camille Kruch 39 Cyprus Tine Biedenweg 42 Indian Ocean Islands Socotra Mikkel Sørensen 47 Zanzibar Karina Mikkelsen 50 Maldives Allan Timmermann 54 Krakatau Camilla Hansen 57 Bali and Lombok Grete Fogtmann Jensen 61 Pacific Islands New Guinea Lucía de la Guardia 66 2 Solomon Islands Karin T. Clausen 70 New Caledonia Franziska Petra Popko 74 Samoa Morten Ravn Knudsen 77 Tasmania Jan Nikkelborg 81 Fiji Melissa Wetter 84 New Zealand Marie S. Hoelgaard 87 Pitcairn Katrine Meisner 91 Juan Fernandéz Islands Gudny Asgeirsdottir 95 Hawaiian Islands Petr Klimes 97 Galápagos Islands Dorthe Jensen 102 Caribbean Islands Cuba Hubertus Heinicke 107 Dominica Ana Maria Martin Gonzalez 110 Essay localities 3 The Faroe Islands Kent Olsen Introduction The Faroe Islands is a treeless archipelago situated in the heart of the warm North Atlantic Current on the Wyville Thompson Ridge between 61°20’ and 62°24’ N and between 6°15’ and 7°41’ W. -
4010 Northern Atlantic Wet Heaths with Erica Tetralix
Technical Report 2008 08/24 MANAGEMENT of Natura 2000 habitats Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix 4010 Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora The European Commission (DG ENV B2) commissioned the Management of Natura 2000 habitats. 4010 Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix This document was completed in March 2008 by Mark Hampton (NatureBureau, UK) on behalf of Ecosystems. Comments, data or general information were generously provided by: Mats Eriksson, MK Natur- och Miljökonsult, Sweden. Simon Barnett, Countryside Officer, West Berkshire Council, UK. Ola Bengtsson (ecological consultant), Pro Natura, Sweden Simon Caporn, Reader in Environmental Ecology, Department of Environmental & Geographical Sciences,Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. Geert De Blust, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Research Group Nature and Forest Management, Belgium Simon Stainer, Natural England, UK Coordination: Concha Olmeda, ATECMA & Daniela Zaghi, Comunità Ambiente ©2008 European Communities ISBN 978-92-79-08323-5 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Hampton M. 2008. Management of Natura 2000 habitats. 4010 Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix. European Commission This document, which has been prepared in the framework of a service contract (7030302/2006/453813/MAR/B2 "Natura 2000 preparatory actions: Management Models for Natura 2000 Sites”), is not legally binding. Contract realised by: ATECMA S.L. (Spain), COMUNITA AMBIENTE (Italy), -
Plant Profile
Plant Profile Botanical Name: Erica spp. & cvs Common Name: Heath or Heather FAMILY NAME: Ericaceae Species and cultivars of special interest: Erica Sessifolia, Erica hybrida There are approximately 860 species of flowering plants in the family Eericaceae. They come in white, red, pink and green in colour. Origin: South Africa Availability: All year round although main profusion is Autumn, Winter and Spring Foliage Characteristics: It is a strong growing shrub 1-2 mt high with woody branches. It has needle like leaves pointing in an upward direction. Floral Characteristics: These flowers are tube/bell shaped flowers, which are approximately 15-20mm long. They have no fragrance; the colour range is white, red, and pink, green. Special features and characteristics of special interest: Most species can be raised from seed; they also have very small seeds and in some species may persist in the soil for decades. They grow well in raised beds; they dislike animal manure and lime. Maintenance, Cultural requirements and Post Harvest Treatments: Leaves and flowers dry out easily or often drop prematurely so keep well hydrated. Remove bottom leaves, re-cut stems and place in fresh water with flower food solution. Do not place in cool room. Pest and Diseases: They have few diseases and generally no insects affect this plant, however it can be affected by Phytopthora root disease. Use In Floristry: This is a good transitional flower suitable for vases and use in floral foam. Also can be great in a bouquet if well conditioned as it can make a nice edge around bouquets. It is excellent to use in wreaths and funeral sheafs. -
Plants for Butterflies
Plants for Butterflies “A Monarch will respond Brightly colored butterflies can be a welcome addition to your garden, not only when its feet touch a sugar because of the elegance, beauty, and interest they will add, but also because of solution with only one part their usefulness in pollinating flowers . of sugar for 120,400 parts of It’s easy to attract single species by planting any of the trees, shrubs, vines, or water. Its feet are more than perennials from the lists below. Attracting a wide range of species involves di- 2000 times as sensitive as the verse plantings that provide the needs of all life stages of the butterfly. They will human tounge.” (Butterflies need places to lay eggs, food plants for their larvae (caterpillars), places to form & Moths, D. H. Patent) chrysalides and a nectar sources for adults. Trees One way to invite butterflies to your garden is to plant flowering trees. The adults will visit and dine on the nectar, carrying away pollen with them and pol- linating other trees as they go. Trees Nectar Larval Food Zone Plant Culture Acer (Maple) W. Swallowtail z6 S-PSh/M Monarch Butterfly Alnus spp (Alder) Green Comma (E), W. Swallowtail z3-7 S/M-W Betula spp (Birch) Tiger Swallowtail, Crescents z3-7 S/M-W Colocedrus sp (Incense Cedar) Nelsons Hairstreak (W) z5 S/M-D Butterfly Garden Celtis spp (Hackberry) Emperor (sev.), Snout (E) z4-6 S/M Essentials Cornus spp (Dogwood) Spring Azure z3-7 S-PSh/M Butterflies need sun, water, a Crataegus spp (Hawthorn) x Swallowtail (W) z4-6 S/M food source (nectar), and a Juniperus virginiana (E. -
Northern Ireland Information for H4010
European Community Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora (92/43/EEC) Fourth Report by the United Kingdom under Article 17 on the implementation of the Directive from January 2013 to December 2018 Supporting documentation for the conservation status assessment for the habitat: H4010 ‐ Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix NORTHERN IRELAND IMPORTANT NOTE ‐ PLEASE READ • The information in this document is a country‐level contribution to the UK Reporton the conservation status of this habitat, submitted to the European Commission aspart of the 2019 UK Reporting under Article 17 of the EU Habitats Directive. • The 2019 Article 17 UK Approach document provides details on how this supporting information was used to produce the UK Report. • The UK Report on the conservation status of this habitat is provided in a separate doc‐ ument. • The reporting fields and options used are aligned to those set out in the European Com‐ mission guidance. • Explanatory notes (where provided) by the country are included at the end. These pro‐ vide an audit trail of relevant supporting information. • Some of the reporting fields have been left blank because either: (i) there was insuffi‐ cient information to complete the field; (ii) completion of the field was not obligatory; and/or (iii) the field was only relevant at UK‐level (sections 10 Future prospects and11 Conclusions). • For technical reasons, the country‐level future trends for Range, Area covered by habitat and Structure and functions are only available in a separate spreadsheet that contains all the country‐level supporting information. • The country‐level reporting information for all habitats and species is also available in spreadsheet format. -
Heathers and Heaths
Heathers and Heaths Heathers and heaths are easy care evergreen plants that can give year-round garden color. With careful planning, you can have varieties in bloom every month of the year. Foliage colors include shades of green, gray, gold, and bronze; some varieties change color or have colored tips in the winter or spring. Flower colors are white and shades of pink, red, and purple. Heathers make excellent companions to rhododendrons and azaleas. They are also excellent in rock gardens or on slopes. Bees love traditional heaths and heathers; however, the new bud-bloomer Scotch heathers, whose flowers are long-lasting because they don’t open completely, do not provide good bee forage, nor do the new foliage-only series. Choose other varieties if that is a consideration. Heathers grow best in neutral to slightly acid soil with good drainage. A sandy soil mixed with compost or leaf mold is ideal. Heathers bloom best in full or partial sun. Plants will grow in a shady location but will not bloom as well and tend to get leggy. They will not do well in areas of hot reflected sunlight. To plant heather, work compost into the planting area, then dig a hole at least twice the width of the rootball. Partially fill with your amended soil and place the plant at the same level it grew in the container. Excess soil over the rootball will kill the plant. For the same reason, do not mulch too deeply or allow mulch to touch the trunks. Normally a spacing of 12-30” apart is good, depending on the variety. -
Halmstad University School of Business and Engineering Diversity of Vascular Plants in Swedish Forests
Halmstad University School of Business and Engineering Diversity of vascular plants in Swedish forests: comparison among and within forest, partially cut down and clear cut forest communities NGOMBA HENRY MOKONYA Masters Project (15 ECTS) Supervisor: Göran Sahlen 1 Summary Swedish forests are mostly used for timber harvesting and 96 % of this harvesting is made by clear cutting while only 4 % is effected through other methods such as single tree harvesting. All species are not affected by forestry to same magnitude. Some specifically generalists are not affected at all. Hence, this study, had its aim to find out vascular plant species that persist, disappear or colonize other species as a result of anthropogenic disturbances in different production forests, so as to determine not only if canopy openness affects the species distribution but also the magnitude of the effects. I examined 10 different forest localities during May and June 2008. Three of these localities were made up of clear cut forest plots, 3 with partially cut down forest plots and 4 with undisturbed production forest plots. Species composition and diversity were then compared between these plots. A total of 34 different species were found. Statistical Analysis was made on how well the species in the partially cut down forest plots fitted into the undisturbed forest group as well as comparing this results with results of how counterpart species in the clear cut forest plots fitted into the undisturbed forest groups. These results showed that there was no significant difference, ANOVA values of P = 0.839, 0.602 and 0.564 respectively among the species composition between the forest, partially cut down and clear cut forest groups between the forest, partially cut down and clear cut forest plots. -
Dwarf Shrub Heath (Uk Bap Broad Habitat)
DWARF SHRUB HEATH (UK BAP BROAD HABITAT) This broad habitat comprises vegetation in which dwarf shrubs are abundant or dominant. The dwarf shrubs here are most commonly ling Calluna vulgaris, bell heather Erica cinerea, cross-leaved heath E. tetralix, blaeberry Vaccinium myrtillus, cowberry V. vitis-idaea and crowberry Empetrum nigrum, but less commonly include bog bilberry V. uliginosum, bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, alpine bearberry A. alpinus, dwarf juniper Juniperus communis ssp. nana and western gorse Ulex gallii. The main division among these heaths in Scotland is between wet heaths and dry heaths. Wet heaths contain at least one of deergrass Scirpus cespitosus, purple moor-grass Molinia caerulea, Erica tetralix and bog myrtle Myrica gale in good quantity, or smaller quantities of these individual species attaining high cover collectively. Wet heath vegetation can resemble that of the Bog broad habitat, but differs in having little or no hare’s-tail cottongrass Eriophorum vaginatum, and the bog mosses Sphagnum papillosum and S. magellanicum. Wet heath vegetation on peat >50 cm deep is classed as bog. Dry heaths have little or no Scirpus, Molinia, Myrica or E. tetralix and are mostly dominated by Calluna or Vaccinium myrtillus. This broad habitat is widespread and common in Scotland, especially in the uplands where it dominates very large areas. Wet heath is most common in the western Highlands and Hebrides: in these areas it is the most extensive type of semi-natural vegetation. Further east dry heaths predominate. Dwarf shrub heaths can be of high conservation interest, especially for birds, mammals, insects, bryophytes and lichens. Many west Highland and Hebridean heaths are of international importance for their oceanic liverwort floras. -
The Inland-Heath Communities of the Netherlands
The Inland-Heath communities of the Netherlands J.T. de Smidt (Botanical Museum and Herbarium, Utrecht) (received July 15th, 1965) CONTENTS I. Introduction 143 II. The influenceoftheheatherbeetle (Lochmaea 146 suturalis) .... III. The communities 148 1. The dry heath complex (Calluna vulgaris)I 148 1.1. Calluna heaths 148 1.1.1. Calluna variant *148 1.1.2. Festuca variant 148 1.1.3. Festuca-Genista variant 148 1.2. Calluna-Empetrumheaths 148 1.2.1. Empetrum variant 149 1.2.2. Empetrum-Festuca variant 149 1.2.3. Empetrum-Festuca-Arnica variant 149 1.3. Calluna-Vaccinium heaths 150 1.3.1. Vaccinium variant 150 1.3.2. Vaccinium-Deschampsia variant 150 1.3.3. Vaccinium-Genista variant 151 1.4. Calluna-Sarothamnus heaths 151 1.4.1. Sarothamnus variant 152 1.4.2. Sarothamnus-Genista variant 152 1.5. Calluna-Erica cinerea heaths 153 1.6. Calluna-Carex ericetorum heaths 153 2. The humid heath complex (Calluna-Erica tetralix) 154 2.1. Calluna-Erica tetralix heaths 154 2.1.1. Calluna-Erica tetralix variant 154 2.1.2. Calluna-Erica tetralix-Festuca variant 155 2.1.3. Calluna-Erica tetralix-Festuca-Genista variant 155 2.1.4. Calluna-Erica tetralix-Festuca-Genista-Orchis maculata variant 156 2.2. Calluna-Erica tetralix-Empetrum heaths 156 2.2.1. Empetrum variant 156 2.2.2. Empetrum-Festuca variant 156 2.2.3. Empetrum-Festuca-Genista variant 156 2.3. Calluna-Erica tetralix-Vaccinium heaths 157 2.3.1. Vaccinium variant 157 2.3.2. Vaccinium-Festuca-Genistavariant 157 3. The wet heath complex (Erica tetralix) 158 3.1.