DOCSLIB.ORG

Mkb: a New Anesthetic Approach to Feral Cat Sterilization Surgery

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mkb: a New Anesthetic Approach to Feral Cat Sterilization Surgery MKB: A NEW ANESTHETIC APPROACH TO FERAL CAT STERILIZATION SURGERY By KELLY ANN MEYER A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2007 © 2007 Kelly Ann Meyer 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Sheilah Robertson, Dr. Natalie Isaza, and Dr. Julie Levy for their unconditional support, their mentoring, and the tremendous opportunities they have offered me over the course of this study. I would also like to thank my parents for their patience, sincerity, and motivation in helping me to achieve a finished product. Finally, I would like to thank Justin for helping me to stay focused and Dr. Joe Hauptman for his instruction and guidance in the statistical analysis portion of this study. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................3 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................6 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................7 ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................10 Feral Cat Populations..............................................................................................................10 The Problem............................................................................................................................11 Public Health Considerations ..........................................................................................12 Wildlife Vulnerability .....................................................................................................13 Animal Welfare ...............................................................................................................15 Current Methods of Control....................................................................................................15 Removal Methods............................................................................................................16 Trap-Neuter-Return .........................................................................................................18 Nonsurgical Contraception..............................................................................................22 Operation Catnip®: A Trap-Neuter-Return Program..............................................................23 Challenges of Working with Feral Cats..................................................................................24 Alpha2-Adrenoceptors ............................................................................................................28 Medetomidine.........................................................................................................................29 Medetomidine: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effects.................................................30 Medetomidine: Side Effects ............................................................................................32 Atimpamezole.........................................................................................................................32 Atipamezole: Side Effects ......................................................................................................33 Dissociative Anesthesia..........................................................................................................33 Ketamine.................................................................................................................................34 Ketamine: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effects ........................................................35 Ketamine: Side Effects....................................................................................................36 Medetomidine and Ketamine Combination............................................................................37 Medetomidine and Ketamine Combination: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effects ...38 Medetomidine and Ketamine Combination: Side Effects ...............................................38 Analgesia ................................................................................................................................38 NSAIDS...........................................................................................................................38 Opioids ............................................................................................................................39 Buprenorphine ........................................................................................................................40 Buprenorphine: Side Effects...................................................................................................41 Opioid and Alpha2 Agonists ...................................................................................................42 Summary.................................................................................................................................42 4 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS ...........................................................................................44 Animals...................................................................................................................................44 Overview.................................................................................................................................44 Cat Selection...........................................................................................................................44 Anesthetic Drugs ....................................................................................................................45 Experimental Design ..............................................................................................................45 Pre-operative Preparation .......................................................................................................46 Induction of Anesthesia ..........................................................................................................46 Drug Administration Phase 1: Dose Finding Study ........................................................47 Drug Administration Phase 2: Selected Dose Study .......................................................47 Drug Administration Phase 3: Fixed Dose Study............................................................48 Clinical Procedures: Evaluation of Anesthetic Effects...........................................................49 Clinical Procedures: Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation............................................................49 Clinical Procedures: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Function.................................................49 Clinical Procedures: Evaluation of Respiratory Function ......................................................50 Clinical Procedures: Temperature ..........................................................................................50 Clinical Procedures: Pre-surgical ...........................................................................................50 Clinical Procedures: Post-operative........................................................................................51 Quality of Recovery................................................................................................................51 Data.........................................................................................................................................51 Statistical Analysis..................................................................................................................51 3 RESULTS...............................................................................................................................56 Phase 1-Dose-Finding Study ..................................................................................................56 Phase 1-Dose-Finding Study: Side Effects.............................................................................57 Phase 2-Selected Dose Study: Animals..................................................................................57 Phase 2-Selected Dose Study: Time Intervals........................................................................58 Phase 2-Selected Dose Study: Physiological Variables .........................................................59 Phase 2-Selected Dose Study: Physiological Variables before and after Reversal................61 Phase 2-Selected Dose Study: Rescue Anesthesia (Isoflurane) .............................................62 Phase 2-Selected Dose Study: Quality of Recovery Scores ...................................................62 Phase 2-Selected Dose Study: Side Effects............................................................................63 Phase 3-Fixed Dose Study (0.7 mL): Animals .......................................................................63 Phase 3-Fixed Dose Study (0.7 mL): Time Intervals .............................................................64 Phase 3-Fixed Dose Study (0.7 mL): Side Effects .................................................................64 Phase
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CHRONIC PAIN in CATS Recent Advances in Clinical Assessment
    601_614_Monteiro_Chronic pain3.qxp_FAB 12/06/2019 14:59 Page 601 Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2019) 21, 601–614 CLINICAL REVIEW CHRONIC PAIN IN CATS Recent advances in clinical assessment Beatriz P Monteiro and Paulo V Steagall Negative impacts of chronic pain Practical relevance: Chronic pain is a feline health and welfare issue. It has Domestic animals may now have a long life expectancy, given a negative impact on quality of life and advances in veterinary healthcare; as a consequence, there is an impairs the owner–cat bond. Chronic increased prevalence of chronic conditions associated with pain. pain can exist by itself or may be Chronic pain affects feline health and welfare. It has a negative impact associated with disease and/or injury, on quality of life (QoL) and impairs the owner–cat bond. including osteoarthritis (OA), cancer, and oral Nowadays, chronic pain assessment should be considered a funda- and periodontal disease, among others. mental part of feline practice. Clinical challenges: Chronic pain assessment Indeed, lack of knowledge on is a fundamental part of feline practice, but can be Chronic pain-related changes the subject and the use of appro- challenging due to differences in pain mechanisms in behavior are subtle and priate tools for pain recognition underlying different conditions, and the cat’s natural are some of the reasons why behavior. It relies mostly on owner-assessed likely to be suppressed analgesic administration is com- behavioral changes and time-consuming veterinary monly neglected in cats.1 consultations. Beyond OA – for which disease- in the clinical setting. In chronic pain, changes in specific clinical signs have been described – little behavior are subtle and slow, and is known regarding other feline conditions that may only be evident in the home produce chronic pain.
    [Show full text]
  • Nova Scotia Veterinary Medical Association Council
    G^r? NOVA SCOTIAVETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Registrar's Office 15 Cobequid Road, Lower Sackvllle, NS B4C 2M9 Phone: (902) 865-1876 Fax: (902) 865-2001 E-mail: [email protected] September 24, 2018 Dear Chair, and committee members, My name is Dr Melissa Burgoyne. I am a small animal veterinarian and clinic owner in Lower Sackville, Nova Scotia. I am currently serving my 6th year as a member of the NSVMA Council and currently, I am the past president on the Nova Scotia Veterinary Medical Association Council. I am writing today to express our support of Bill 27 and what it represents to support and advocate for those that cannot do so for themselves. As veterinarians, we all went into veterinary medicine because we want to.help animals, prevent and alleviate suffering. We want to reassure the public that veterinarians are humane professionals who are committed to doing what is best for animals, rather than being motivated by financial reasons. We have Dr. Martell-Moran's paper (see attached) related to declawing, which shows that there are significant and negative effects on behavior, as well as chronic pain. His conclusions indicate that feline declaw which is the removal of the distal phalanx, not just the nail, is associated with a significant increase in the odds of adverse behaviors such as biting, aggression, inappropriate elimination and back pain. The CVMA, AAFP, AVMA and Cat Healthy all oppose this procedure. The Cat Fancier's Association decried it 6 years ago. Asfor the other medically unnecessary cosmetic surgeries, I offer the following based on the Mills article.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cat's Claws Understanding Declawing (Onychectomy)
    The Truth About Declawing The Cat’s Claws Unlike most mammals who walk on the soles of the paws or feet, cats are digitigrade, which means they walk on their toes. Their back, shoulder, paw and leg joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and nerves are naturally designed to support and distribute the cat's weight across its toes as it walks, runs and climbs. A cat's claws are used for balance, for exercising, and for stretching the muscles in their legs, back, shoulders, and paws. They stretch these muscles by digging their claws into a surface and pulling back against their own clawhold - similar to isometric exercising for humans. This is the only way a cat can exercise, stretch and tone the muscles of its back and shoulders. The toes help the foot meet the ground at a precise angle to keep the leg, shoulder and back muscles and joints in proper alignment. Removal of the last digits of the toes drastically alters the conformation of their feet and causes the feet to meet the ground at an unnatural angle that can cause back pain similar to that in humans caused by wearing improper shoes. Understanding Declawing (Onychectomy) The anatomy of the feline claw must be understood before one can appreciate the severity of declawing. The cat's claw is not a nail as is a human fingernail, it is part of the last bone (distal phalanx) in the cat's toe. The cat’s claw arises from the unguicular crest and unguicular process in the distal phalanx of the paw (see above diagram).
    [Show full text]
  • The Facts About Declawing: Is It Really That Bad? You Decide!
    The Facts About Declawing: Is It Really That Bad? You Decide! Cats have some interesting and unique behaviors. They rub up against you in an almost rhythmic dance pattern. They communicate their needs by meowing in a variety of voices and we eventually learn what each unique sound means. They crawl on your lap, purr, and knead you as if you are a loaf of bread: OUCH! They also have a very destructive but natural behavior: SCRATCHING! We do not condone declawing. We consider this an inhumane, and in most situations an unnecessary, procedure. If you have exhausted ALL other alternatives, and you feel that you must either declaw or give up your cat, we would rather see your cat stay in the home and remain your lifelong companion. If you do decide to declaw we suggest you have the surgery done at the same time that he/she is neutered/spayed or under anesthesia for another surgery; that you ONLY declaw the front paws; and you ALWAYS keep your cat indoors. The Cat’s Claws Most mammals’ walk on the soles of the paws or feet, cats however walk on their toes. Their back, shoulder, paw, leg joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and nerves are naturally designed to support its weight across its toes as it walks, runs and climbs. What is Declawing? Declawing is not just clipping the claws extremely short-it is surgery. Actually, an amputation to be exact, the first joint of each toe is amputated at the first joint (3rd phalanx bone). The medical term for declawing is an Onychectomy.
    [Show full text]
  • Feline Degenerative Joint Disease
    Veterinary Surgery 39:2–13, 2010 INVITED REVIEW Feline Degenerative Joint Disease B. DUNCAN X. LASCELLES, BSc, BVSc, PhD, DSAS(ST), Diplomate ACVS & ECVS Objective: To critically review and collate published information on feline degenerative joint disease (DJD) and identify areas in which information is lacking. Study Design: Critical literature review. Methods: Literature search through Pub Med, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau Abstracts published in the English Language, or translated into English (January 1940–August 2008). Results: Although there are no prospective studies, the prevalence of radiographic DJD appears to be high and can be associated with clinical signs of decreased mobility. There appears to be a mismatch between radiographic and clinical examination findings (pain response). There is little information on the cause of DJD in different joints. There are no fully validated subjective or objective assessment systems for the measurement of chronic DJD-associated pain in the cat. Development of a feline model of chronic DJD-associated pain may speed the development and evaluation of candidate pain-alleviating compounds and treatments. Conclusions: The high prevalence of feline DJD and lack of information about it, suggests further investigation is needed. Clinical Relevance: Feline DJD occurs with high frequency, and yet there is little to guide the clinician on prevention or treatment. r Copyright 2010 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons INTRODUCTION the evidence for efficacy of postulated treatments for this pain. URPRISINGLY LITTLE is known about feline All mammals develop DJD, the progressive destruc- Sdegenerative joint disease (DJD) although there tion of one or more components of joints—cartilage, have been recent attempts to characterize feline joint dis- subchondral bone, ligaments, and joint capsule.
    [Show full text]
  • 24-Hour Once-Daily* Surgical Pain Control
    ONLY BUPRENORPHINE FDA APPROVED FOR CATS Once-daily* 24-hour surgical pain control *Administered subcutaneously for up to 3 days. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION: Due to serious human safety and abuse concerns, including physical or psychological dependence, life-threatening respiratory depression and additive CNS depressant effects, read the full prescribing information before using this drug, including the complete Boxed Warning. Not for use in humans. Hospital staff should be trained in the handling of potent opioids and should avoid accidental exposure. SIMBADOL has not been evaluated in breeding, pregnant, or lactating cats, in cats younger than 4 months of age or moribund cats. Do not use in cats with known hypersensitivity to buprenorphine hydrochloride or any of the components of SIMBADOL, or known intolerance to opioids. Use with caution in cats with impaired hepatic function. Adverse reactions may include hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, hypothermia, anorexia, and hyperactivity. For more safety information, refer to the full Prescribing Information, attached. Do you have an opioid that works through the night? • Opioids are the cornerstone of effective pain ONLY BUPRENORPHINE treatment in veterinary medicine1 FDA • According to a recent survey of 255 general APPROVED practice veterinarians, 100 percent state that the FOR CATS duration of pain experienced by cats after spays, neuters or dental extractions lasts at least 24 hours.2 SIMBADOL™ (buprenorphine injection) is a novel combination of dose and concentration.
    [Show full text]
  • 20172018 0 Sb1441 04-02
    SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY Senator Nancy Skinner, Chair 2017 - 2018 Regular Bill No: SB 1441 Hearing Date: April 24, 2018 Author: Stern Version: April 2, 2018 Urgency: No Fiscal: Yes Consultant: MK Subject: Animal Cruelty: Declawing HISTORY Source: The Paw Project Prior Legislation: SB 1229 (Pavley) Chapter 596, States. 2012 AB 1857 (Koretz) Chapter 876, Stats. 2004 Support: Alley Cat Allies; Animal Advocate; California Potbellied Pig Association; Cat Care Clinic of Ashville; The Feline Medical Center; Forever Meow; Friends of Animals; Friends of Culver City Animals; Fundamentally Feline; Humane Society Veterinary Medical Association; The Humane Society of the United States; In Defense of Animals; Jameson Animal Rescue Ranch; Last Chance for Animals; Los Angeles Animal Services Department; Paws Whiskers & Claws; Red Barn Cat Clinic; RedRover; Social Compassion in Legislation; Stray Cat Alliance; Thornhill Pet Hospital, Inc.; Veterinary Association for the Protection of Animals; Zen Cat; several individuals Opposition: California Veterinary Medical Association; Cats Only Veterinary Hospital; Codornices Veterinary Clinic; Equine Solutions; Oak Park Veterinary Clinic; Palmdale Veterinary Hospital; Ukiah Veterinary Hospital; VCA Clarmar Animal Hospital; several individuals PURPOSE The purpose of this bill is to prohibit a person from performing the surgical declawing of a domestic cat. Existing law provides that a property manager cannot refuse to rent to a person because or he or she refuses to declaw or devocalize their animal. (Civil Code § 1942.7) Existing law provides no city, county or city and county shall prohibit a healing arts professional licensed with the state or licensed or certified by an entity established under the law from engaging in any act or performing any procedure that falls within the professionally recognized scope of practice of that license.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Animal
    Small Animal Sampler Separation Distress Syndrome From Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult – Canine and Feline, Sixth Edition. by Deborah F. Horwitz Chapter 236: Vomiting From The Feline Patient, Fifth Edition. Edited by Gary D. Norsworthy. Chapter 12: Pharmacologic and Clinical Principles of Adjunct Analgesia From Analgesia and Anesthesia for the Ill or Injured Dog and Cat, First Edition. by Karol A. Mathews, Melissa Sinclair, Andrea M. Steele, and Tamara Grubb. 1208 Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Separation Distress Syndrome commonly reported. Destruction targets windows and doors and/or owner possessions. Other signs include behavioral depression, BASICS anorexia,r drooling, hiding, shaking, panting, DIAGNOSIS DEFINITION pacing, attempts to prevent owner departure, DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS A distress response of dogs (occasionally cats) and self-trauma from lick lesions. Diarrhea Vocalization: response to outdoor separated from the person or persons to and vomiting are occasionally noted. Signs influences,r territorial displays, play with other whom they are most attached, usually their of strong pet-owner attachment may ber pets in the home or fears. Destructive owner(s). The separation may be real (the present: excessive attention-seeking behaviors behaviors: occur both whenr the owner is owner is gone) or perceived (the pet is just and following behaviors but not necessary for present and absent (e.g., territorial destructive separated from the owner). In other cases the diagnosis. Frequently owners report displays at windows and doors; destruction pet may be distressed because some excessive, excited,r and prolonged greeting due to fear-producing stimuli such as noises fear-inducing event has occurred while home behavior upon return.
    [Show full text]
  • © in This Web Service Cambridge University Press
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02502-8 - The Domestic Cat: The Biology of its Behaviour: Third Edition Edited by Dennis C. Turner & Patrick Bateson Index More information Index Abyssinian cats 157–8, 173, 180 Aristotle 97 Active Breeding Register 182 artistic representations of cats 88–9, 93, 107 active cats 158 Asian Leopard cat 158, 173 adoption of cats 141–2, 228 cross-breeding 162, 180–2 affection Asilomar Accords 139 breed differences 158, 162 Association of Dogs and Cats Homes (ADCH) 137 sex differences 160 Association of Shelter Veterinarians 136–7 African wildcat (Near Eastern wildcat) 38, 41, 57, attitudes to cats 64, 84–5, 87–9, 168, 233–4 cultural differences in 6, 102–12 ageing 152 historical 94–8 aggression 202, 207–9 modern 98–9 fear-related 208 auditory communication 48–51 inter-male 208–9 auditory system 40 petting-evoked 209 Austria, cat ownership 114 play-related 209 postures demonstrating 52–3 Bastet 86, 90–2, 100 redirected 209 bay cat lineage 84 territorial 207–8 behaviour 5 aggressive behaviour 207–9 agonistic 52–3 breed differences 158, 162 breed type and 156–60 sex differences 160 development of 12–26 Alan of Lille 94 feeding 74–5 Alexandra Palace cat show (1887) 169 genetic influence on 21–2, 25–6 allergies 96, 140 maternal 28–33 Alliance for Contraception in Cats and Dogs nuisance 218 (ACC&D) 145 sex differences in 121–2, 124–5, 156, 160 allogrooming 54–5 submissive 53 allorubbing 45, 53–5 see also aggression; aggressive behaviour American Association of Feline Practitioners behaviour problems 7, 202–12 (AAFP)
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Articles Studying Surgical Declawing of Domestic Cats
    Summary of Articles Studying Surgical Declawing of Domestic Cats The Washington State Veterinary Medical Association formed the Feline Declawing Task Force to examine the issue of surgically declawing domestic cats. The task force reviewed the available scientific literature studying the subject and summarized the most salient points of pertinent articles below. Additional studies specific to evaluating pain management strategies were not included in this summary due to their narrow area of focus, which was outside the scope of the task force’s charge. It is important to emphasize that overall, little research studying the issue of declawing outside the realm of pain management has been conducted. Note: This document is for informational purposes only and not intended to promote a particular point of view. Those who are interested in the topic are encouraged to read the articles in full. The articles below are listed in chronological order from date of publishing. Kaplan, J., Benson, C., Holmes, K., Brooks, J., Pau, A., Masur, H. Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR 2009; 58:1-198. o HIV-infected persons are at high risk for severe disease caused by B. henselae. The major risk factors for acquisition of B. henselae are contact with cats infested with fleas and receiving cat scratches. o Persons who acquire a cat should acquire an animal aged >1 year and in good health. Cats should be acquired from a known environment, have a documented health history, and be free of fleas.
    [Show full text]
  • CVM Annual Research Forum and Litwack Lecture
    CVM Research Forum Jan January 20, 2012 CVM Annual Research Forum and Litwack Lecture Friday, January 20, 2012 The Litwack Lectures are supported by the Martin Litwack Fund, an endowment created by family and friends as a living memorial to Dr. Litwack, who was an acknowledged leader in establishing the College of Veterinary Medicine at North Carolina State University. Dr. Litwack was a charter member of the North Carolina Veterinary Medical Foundation and was active in many professional organizations including the North Carolina Veterinary Medical Association, the American Animal Hospital Association and the American Veterinary Medical Association. He served as president of the Triangle, Eastern North Carolina and North Carolina Veterinary Medical Associations. Dr. Litwack was also very active in community affairs and received many awards in recognition of his service and leadership, including the North Carolina Association of the Professions Special Recognition Award. Dr. Litwack is perhaps best remembered for his love of his family and profession, his deep commitment to education and to North Carolina State University, and his strong sense of obligation to the North Carolina livestock industry and to the general public. 2012 Litwack Lecturer : Dr. Oliver Smithies Dr. Oliver Smithies, Excellence Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Weatherspoon Eminent Distinguished Professor, and co-recipient of the 2007 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine Schedule of Events 9:00am – 11:30am Oral Presentations 11:30am-1:00pm Posters Judged (Lunch) 1:00pm – 3:00pm Oral Presentations 3:00pm-4:00pm Informal session with Dr. Smithies for Grad Students 4:00pm-5:00pm Litwack Lecture – Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Legislation Prohibiting the Declawing of Cats and Other Animals
    CONTACT POLICY DEPARTMENT MARIA CILENTI 212.382.6655 | [email protected] ELIZABETH KOCIENDA 212.382.4788 | [email protected] REPORT ON LEGISLATION BY THE ANIMAL LAW COMMITTEE A.1303 -B M. of A. L. Rosenthal S.5532-B Sen. Gianaris AN ACT to amend the agriculture and markets law, in relation to the declawing of cats. THIS LEGISLATION IS APPROVED I. INTRODUCTION Since 2014, the Animal Law Committee of the New York City Bar Association (“City Bar”) has been studying the controversial veterinary procedures of onychectomy, phalangectomy, and tendonectomy that are performed on cats; these procedures are commonly referred to as “declawing.” We have made significant efforts to learn about and consider arguments in favor of and against a law prohibiting these procedures, including studying international, federal, and local laws that prohibit declawing, reviewing opinions of veterinary medical associations and animal welfare organizations, consulting with veterinarians and shelters, screening a documentary film for public discussion, reviewing briefs and opinions of governmental entities and other bar associations, and speaking to owners of declawed cats. On February 5, 2018, the Animal Law Committee held a public program in which we invited speakers on both sides of the issue to discuss the practice and the prospect of banning these procedures by law. All of the speakers agreed that alternatives exist that can spare cats from this serious medical procedure, though some in the field think that a cat owner should have the right to declaw if that owner would otherwise relinquish the cat.1 Since 2014 when the Animal Law Committee began considering declawing, there have been significant developments that influenced our decision to support legislation to ban the procedure at this time.
    [Show full text]