DOCSLIB.ORG

The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR EDWARD W. MULCAHY Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: March 23, 1989 Copyri ht 1998 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Interest in Foreign Ser ice World War II and military experience Mombasa, Kenya 1947-1949 Post reports Kenya,s resources Munich, West -ermany 1949-19.0 Working conditions Addis Ababa, 0thiopia 19.0-19.1 2limate and political history 2ultural di isions 3.S. policy toward 0ritreans Political factions Washington, D2 19.1-19.6 Sending Foreign Ser ice undesirables to Africa Mo ing toward decoloni7ation Athens, -reece 19.6-19.9 Southern 8hodesia 19.9-1961 Forming a federation go ernment 0merging African political leaders Washington, D2 1961-1967 Bureau of African Affairs 9ack and Bobby Kennedy Belgians in Africa Soapy Williams and 9oseph Palmer 1 Tunisia 1967-1970 Ambassador Francis 8ussel Lagos, Nigeria 1970-1971 Political situation following Biafran War American in ol ement in Nigeria 2had 1971-1974 Famine in 2had 0mbassy staff, 3.S. military, Peace 2orps 2had,s relations with France and Libya 8elationship with 2had,s president Washington, D2 1974-1976 African Affairs Kissinger,s attitude toward Africa 3.S. in ol ement in Angola crisis Tunisia 1976-1979 President Bourguiba Tunisia,s relations with Libya -eneral Ben Ali 2onclusion Ambassador in 8esidence, Atlanta 3ni ersity Implementing AID programs Haile Selassie,s reception Foreign Ser ice as a career INTERVIEW $: Mr. Ambassador, how did you become interested in forei n affairs( M3L2AHY: Strangely enough, through my father, who was a high school dropout. He was in the Na y in the First World War as a radioman, then known as a "wireless operator," with the armed guard on merchant ships, trained at Har ard, incidentally. He tra eled to many places and usually for pay they had to go to arious embassies and consulates and draw the salary owed to them. When I thought I'd like the life of a sailor, he said, "Oh, you don't want to be a sailor. You want to go to college and be something more professional." 2 "How about these consulates and embassies that you talk about isiting? How do you get to work there?" I said. I was about 16 at this time. "Well, I suppose you take a 2i il Ser ice examination or something like that. I don't really know," he said, "but we'll write to the -o ernment Printing Office in Washington and find out what it's all about." Lo and behold, a few weeks later came a brochure, which I ha e to this day, describing the terms of ser ice in the American Foreign Ser ice. $: This is about when( M3L2AHY: This would ha e been 19A6-19A7 when I was about halfway through high school. I chose to go to Tufts, for example, largely because I thought it would be a front door and gi e me entree to the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy which had been established there in 19A1, the first class graduated in 19AA. I knew all about this at the time. I li ed in Malden, Massachusetts, which is next to Medford, where most of the campus of Tufts is located, Medford and Somer ille. I disco ered e en in high school that I was ery good at languages and I thought that was a good head start for life in the Foreign Ser ice. I also always had a keen interest in world affairs and geography was one of my fa orite subjects, as was history. I knew a great deal about the world outside of greater Boston. I e en had an Italian shopkeeper on a corner where my gang used to hang out teach me Italian from books I sent away for. This was while I was in college, not while I was in high school. I had good French, and going to a 2atholic high school, naturally had Latin and e en two years of classical -reek before I entered college. I ne er wa ered seriously in my desire to go into the Foreign Ser ice from that time forward. $: Did you feel that there was a problem since you hadn)t come from a fancy family( This was the reputation the Forei n Service had. M3L2AHY: I think I knew, certainly by the time I was part-way through college, that the Foreign Ser ice was less and less inclined to draw hea ily on upper-crusty people. I felt that, if they offered an examination, I stood as good a chance at the written examination at least as anybody else of passing it. I was always pretty articulate. That comes from being Irish, I guess, and also ha ing talents as a debater. I was captain of the high school debating team which won the 2ardinal's 2up in the Boston archdiocese two years running, and won oratorical pri7es and that sort of thing both in high school and college. I would take my chances at an oral examination. $: Did the war catch you up before this got goin ( 3 M3L2AHY: Yes, indeed. Within eight or ten weeks after Pearl Harbor, I enlisted in the Marine 2orps 8eser e and they had first call on me. I felt ery fortunate that they allowed me to stay three semesters and finish up my degree. I felt ery frustrated that after getting my degree in 9anuary of 194A instead of 9une on the accelerated program that we used to ha e during the war, they kept me waiting three long, weary months before I was called to go through boot camp at Parris Island to then the process at Buantico both before and after commissioning. The Marine 2orps was ery good. They ne er turned officers loose on the troops until at least three months after they had their commissions. $: How did you get into the Forei n Service( M3L2AHY: During the war I was wounded twice, the second time was at Iwo 9ima, and that summer, I was at the Brooklyn Na y Yard in the guard detachment when a circular was posted on the bulletin board in the officer's wardroom indicating that the first Foreign Ser ice examination after the war was to be gi en in September. I noted, also, that if you passed the examination, you would be released from the Marine 2orps. It was a two-day examination, a special examination for eterans. I took the examination at 2olumbia and waited until 2hristmas of 194., the war ha ing ended in the meantime, for news of whether I had passed or not. I found I failed it. I got a 67 instead of the reCuired 70 on the examination, but I'd been away from the books for close to three years at that time. It was not too great a surprise. So I had to kill time and, by that time, I had been gi en my own Marine detachment at a Na al Disciplinary Barracks, on Hart's Island a former New York 2ity prison for 1,.00 general court-martial prisoners, and a large command for a first lieutenant, a A.0-man detachment. They let me stay in the Marines until the following 9une and on the payroll until the middle of 9uly. I had a ery nice summer to recuperate from the war years. While I waited, the opening of the Fletcher School, where I'd been accepted, was postponed that year because at least half of the American students at Fletcher, some 10 of us or thereabouts, took the Foreign Ser ice examination at the Har ard Business School. That was the one I passed. $: ,hat sort of trainin did you get( As a new officer you say that the Marines didn)t turn second lieutenants loose on their troops until they had three months of trainin . How about the Forei n Service officers( M3L2AHY: We had approximately ten weeks of training at the Foreign Ser ice Institute at that time, which was located in an old apartment house on 2 Street. To report there in the middle of 9uly, work in an non-air conditioned building and li e in an non-air conditioned boarding house, I got a rather poor impression of the Potomac Dalley. $: It didn)t chan e when I came in in 1955, same buildin , same non.air conditioned and all that. 4 M3L2AHY: It was a good foundation that they ga e us. I really thought it was Cuite good. We knew by the middle of September where we were going to go and I had asked for an Arabic-speaking post with the iew to becoming an Arabist. $: Any particular reason for this( M3L2AHY: No, just a fascination with that part of the world and a desire to learn a language that I thought would be a ery useful one in the years ahead. I recei ed an assignment to Mombasa on the coast of Kenya. They said, "Well, we're sorry. There just isn't a acancy. They don't need a new third secretary or ice consul at any of the fairly few posts we had in the Arab world at that time. But we'll send you to Mombasa because we' e heard that in Swahili down there, there's a great deal of Arabic and you might start to become familiar with Arabic through Swahili." Anyway, I went to Mombasa by way of the 2ape of -ood Hope.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dynamic Aspects Rule of Law-Programme-1965-Eng
    SOUTH-EAST ASIAN AND PACIFIC CONFERENCE OF JURISTS CONGRES DES JURISTES DU SUD-EST ASIATIQUE ET DU PACIFIQUE Programme BANGKOK 10 FEBRUARY 1Q„ 15' 19 FtVRIER 1965 International Commission of Jurists Geneva Commission internationale de Juristes Geneve MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION JOSEPH T. THORSON Former President of the Exchequer Court of Canada (Honorary President) VIVIAN BOSE Former Judge of the Supreme Court of India (President) A. J. M. VAN DAL Attorney-at-Law at the Supreme Court of the Netherlands (Vice-President) JOSE T. NABUCO Member of the Bar of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Vice-President) SIR ADETOKUNBO A. ADEMOLA Chief Justice of Nigeria ARTURO A. ALAFRIZ Solicitor-General of the Philippines; former President of the Federation of Bar Associations of the Philippines GIUSEPPE BETTIOL Member of the Italian Parliament; Professor of Law at the University o f Padua DUDLEY B. BONSAL United States District Judge of the Southern District of New York; past President of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York PHILIPPE N. BOULOS Deputy Prime Minister, Government of Lebanon; former Governor of Beirut; former Minister of Justice U CHAN HTOON Former Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union of Burma ELI WHITNEY DEBEVOISE Attorney-at-Law, New York; former General Counsel, Office of the USA High Commissioner for Germany SIR OWEN DIXON Former Chief Justice of Australia MANUEL G. ESCOBEDO Professor of Law, University of Mexico; Attorney-at-Law; former President of the Barra Mexicana PER T. FEDERSPIEL Attorney-at-Law, Copenhagen; Member of the Danish Parliament; former President of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe THUSEW S.
    [Show full text]
  • CIJL Bulletin-7-1981-Eng
    CIJL BULLETIN N°7 CONTENTS CASE REPORTS India 1 Paraguay 19 Pakistan 8 Guatemala 24 Malta 13 El Salvador 25 Haiti 17 ACTIVITIES OF LAWYERS ASSOCIATIONS Geneva Meeting on the Independence of Lawyers 27 The Inter-American Bar Association 32 Declaration of All-India Lawyers Conference 35 ARTICLE The Difficult Relationship of the Judiciary with the Executive and Legislative Branches in France by Louis Joinet 37 APPENDIX CIJL Communication to Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Concerning Attacks on Judges and Lawyers in Guatemala 45 CENTRE FOR THE INDEPENDENCE OF JUDGES AND LAWYERS April 1981 Editor: Daniel O'Donnell THE CENTRE FOR THE INDEPENDENCE OF JUDGES AND LAWYERS (CIJL) The Centre for the Independence of Judges and Lawyers was created by the In­ ternational Commission of Jurists in 1978 to promote the independence of the judiciary and the legal profession. It is supported by contributions from lawyers' organisations and private foundations. The Danish, Netherlands, Norwegian and Swedish bar associations, the Netherlands Association of Jurists and the Association of Arab Jurists have all made contributions of $1,000 or more for the current year, which is greatly appreciated. The work of the Centre during its first two years has been supported by generous grants from the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, but its future will be dependent upon increased funding from the legal profession. A grant from the Ford Foundation has helped to meet the cost of publishing the Bulletin in english, french and spanish. There remains a substantial deficit to be met. We hope that bar associations and other lawyers' organisations concerned with the fate of their colleagues around the world will decide to provide the financial support essential to the survival of the Centre.
    [Show full text]
  • Access to Justice: Judges and Lawyers Who Promote the Rule of Law and Human Rights
    Access to Justice: Human Rights Human Abuses Corporations Justice: to Involving Access Access to justice and e­ective legal remedies are crucial elements in the protection of human rights in the context of business activities. It is also relevant to the work of Access to Justice: judges and lawyers who promote the rule of law and human rights. Despite its impor- tance, access to justice is hindered by a number of obstacles unique to corporate Human Rights Abuses human rights abuses. The study of state practices in providing access to justice reveals the potential of existing instruments to ensure this right. Scrutiny of state practices in Involving Corporations this area will help the international community in its quest for new answers to the challenge of transnational corporate human rights abuse. NIGERIA There is a pressing need for more e­ective access to justice for victims of corporate human rights abuse in Nigeria, where extractive industry – in particular oil exploitation – has had an acute e­ect upon the environment and human well-being. The Nigerian legal system provides only limited legal recourse to individuals claiming human rights abuse by corporations. The shortcoming consist in legal deciencies such as the non- justiciability of economic, social and cultural rights as well as in practical causes, such as a prevalence of corruption and inadequate provision of legal aid. The study proposes a number of reforms that could improve access to justice in the country. Critical among these is the enhancement to the authority of important non-judicial mechanisms such as the National Human Rights Commission, which constitute low-cost alternatives to formal litigation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Supreme Court of Nigeria 1990-2012
    THE SUPREME COURT OF NIGERIA 1990-2012 The Supreme Court of Nigeria 1990-2012 Edited by Professor E. Azinge, SAN, Ph.D, LLD (Director-General, Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies) and Professor P. Idornigie (Professor of Law, Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies) 2012 Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies Lagos © Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies ii All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or otherwise or stored in any retrieval system of any nature, without the written permission of the copyright holder. Published 2012 Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, P.M.B. 12820 Lagos, Nigeria. ISBN: 978-978-8407-49-2 Printed by NIALS Press, Abuja iii Table of Contents Pages General Introduction - - - - - - - - vii-xi Table of Cases - - - - - - - - - - xii-xxii Table of Statutes - - - - - - - - -xxiv-xxxii 1. Recruitment and Tenure of Supreme Court Justices in Nigeria - Solomon Ukhuegbe - - - - - - 1-87 2. Profile of Supreme Court Justices: 1990-2012 - Professor Paul Obo Idornigie and - Izuoma Egeruoh - - - - - - 88-103 3. The Nigerian Supreme Court and Limits of Judicial Supremacy: A Comparative Study - John Adebisi Arewa - - - - - 104-169 4. Reflections on case Flow Management in the Supreme Court of Nigeria - Prof. Bolaji Owasanoye - - - - - 170-193 5. Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria: The role of the National Judicial Council and the Supreme Court of Nigeria in Sustaining a Strong and Virile Judiciary - Offornze D. Amucheazi - - - - - 194-239 6. Capacity Building of Judicial Officers: An Empiric Assessment of the Nigerian Experience - Professor Olanrewaju Fagbohun - - 240-279 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Organisation and Development of the the Ability of the Bar and Judiciary to Uphold the Rights of Both the Citizen and the State
    Organisation and Development of the Legal Profession in Africa, in particular the ability of the Bar and judiciary to uphold the rights of both the citizen and the state His Hon.Judge T O. Elias'*' By way of a Preface to the present study on the legal profession in Commonwealth Africa, I a brief reference should be made to some of the less well-known contributions made by Lord Denning to the expansion of the frontiers of English law in this field. I wish to recall that I first sat under the Chairmanship of Lord Denning in the Committee on Legal Development in the Colonies, under the auspices of the House of Commons, in 1954; I was later honoured by an invitation of the Chief Justice of Trinidad and Tobago to give a Commonwealth Lecture series there in the footsteps of Lord Denning who had, a few years earlier, given a similar, but no doubt more authoritative, series oflectures on the Common Law in Trinidad and Tobago; and at the Commonwealth Magistrates Association Conference at Kuala Lumpur I was to have given one of the keynote addresses under Lord Denning's Chairmanship, but the second coup d'etat in Nigeria, in July 1975, prevented me from leaving Lagos to attend the Conference. I should also recall the two notable occasions when Lord Denning came to Nigeria: once to participate in the Constitution-making Conference on the eve of independence, and again, in 1974, when, accompanied by Lord Elwyn-Jones the then Lord Chancellor of Great Britain, Lord Denning sat with my colleagues and me, as Chief Justice, in the Supreme Court of Nigeria to hear an appeal case.
    [Show full text]
  • The "Tar Baby" Option: American Policy Toward Southern Rhodesia
    The "tar baby" option: American policy toward Southern Rhodesia http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.crp2b20030 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The "tar baby" option: American policy toward Southern Rhodesia Author/Creator Lake, Anthony Publisher Columbia University Press (New York) Date 1976 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Zimbabwe, United States Coverage (temporal) 1965 - 1974 Source Northwestern University Libraries, Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, 968.9104 L192t Rights By kind permission of Anthony Lake and Columbia University Press. Description This study of U.S. policy toward white Rhodesia, based on extensive interviews with U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • State Integrity Meeting in Lagos
    STATE INTEGRITY MEETING IN LAGOS Strengthening Judicial Integrity and Capacity in Nigeria edited by Dr. Petter Langseth Report of the First State Integrity Meeting Lagos, September 12-13, 2002 Draft, October 26th, 2002 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ......................................................................................... 5 Overview ............................................................................................ 6 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................10 A Background ..................................................................... 10 B Plenary Session ..................................................................... 10 C Group Presentations ............................................................... 12 D Action Plans Recommended by the Five Groups ......................... 14 E Conclusion ........................................................................... 15 II. OPENING SESSION OF FIRST INTEGRITY MEETING IN LAGOS .16 A Welcome Address ................................................................... 16 B Keynote Address: Judicial Reform in Lagos .................................. 18 C Challenges Facing the ICPC and Role of the Judicial Integrity Project ..................................................................... 21 D Global Dynamic of Corruption: The Role of UN .......................... 28 E Independent Comprehensive Assessment ..................................... 51 F Summary of Findings ............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Petrodollar Era and Relations between the United States and the Middle East and North Africa, 1969-1980 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9m52q2hk Author Wight, David M. Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERISITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE The Petrodollar Era and Relations between the United States and the Middle East and North Africa, 1969-1980 DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History by David M. Wight Dissertation Committee: Professor Emily S. Rosenberg, chair Professor Mark LeVine Associate Professor Salim Yaqub 2014 © 2014 David M. Wight DEDICATION To Michelle ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF TABLES v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vi CURRICULUM VITAE vii ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION x INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: The Road to the Oil Shock 14 CHAPTER 2: Structuring Petrodollar Flows 78 CHAPTER 3: Visions of Petrodollar Promise and Peril 127 CHAPTER 4: The Triangle to the Nile 189 CHAPTER 5: The Carter Administration and the Petrodollar-Arms Complex 231 CONCLUSION 277 BIBLIOGRAPHY 287 iii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1.1 Sectors of the MENA as Percentage of World GNI, 1970-1977 19 Figure 1.2 Selected Countries as Percentage of World GNI, 1970-1977 20 Figure 1.3 Current Account Balances of the Non-Communist World, 1970-1977 22 Figure 1.4 Value of US Exports to the MENA, 1946-1977 24 Figure 5.1 US Military Sales Agreements per Fiscal Year, 1970-1980 255 iv LIST OF TABLES Page Table 2.1 Net Change in Deployment of OPEC’s Capital Surplus, 1974-1976 120 Table 5.1 US Military Sales Agreements per Fiscal Year, 1970-1980 256 v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is a cliché that one accumulates countless debts while writing a monograph, but in researching and writing this dissertation I have come to learn the depth of the truth of this statement.
    [Show full text]
  • Judicial Precedent and Prevention of Contradictory Judgments: an Expository Study of Compliance with Judicial Precedent in Malaysian and Nigerian Courts
    IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 20, Issue 11, Ver. IV (Nov. 2015) PP 65-75 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Judicial Precedent And Prevention Of Contradictory Judgments: An Expository Study Of Compliance With Judicial Precedent In Malaysian And Nigerian Courts MurtalaGaniyuMurgan* GarbaUmaruKwagyang** Shafi„i Abdul Azeez Bello*** Abstract: The doctrine of judicial precedent, which states that the court must stand by what has been decided in a case when deciding a new case by a judge in court, is commonly known among the countries that practice common law system as a strong tool for preserving uniformity in judicial decisions among courts, but in the recent past, the operation of the doctrine is said to differ from the above, thereby resulting into disparities in pronouncement of judicial decisions especially among courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction. This paper makes an expository study of compliance with judicial precedent in all categories of courts in Malaysia and Nigeria with a view to knowing the areas of compliance and non-compliance with judicial precedent.It also makes suggestionfor better compliance with judicial precedent so as to achievemoreuniformity in judicial decisions.Based ondoctrinal research approach, this paper observed poor compliance with the practice of horizontal precedentwithin the Federal court and Court of Appeal in Malaysia.It also observed poor compliance with precedent within the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal in Nigeria. However, compliance with judicial precedent and uniformity with judicial decision are noticed between the High courts and Magistrate courts in Malaysia as well as in Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • Thirty-Fifth International Symposium on Economic Crime
    THIRTY-FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ECONOMIC CRIME SUNDAY 3rd SEPTEMBER - SUNDAY 10th SEPTEMBER 2017 JESUS COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING ECONOMIC CRIME IN THE MODERN WORLD – whose responsibility and are they really up to it? The 35thCambridge International Symposium on Economic Crime Preventing and controlling economic crime in the modern world – whose responsibility and are they really up to it? The thirty-fifth international symposium on economic crime is the most extensive and ambitious programme that we have so far attempted. The over-arching theme is simply who is responsible for protecting us from economic crime and are they up to this important task? If not, then how can we assist them to do a better job – for all our sakes! These vital issues are pursued in a practical, applied and relevant manner, by those who with the benefit of experience are best placed to do so. The symposium, although held in one of the world’s leading universities and recognising the significance of intelligent deliberation, is not a talking shop for those with vested interests – official or commercial. We strive to offer a rich and deep analysis of the real issues and in particular threats to our institutions and economies presented by economically motivated crime and misconduct. We are also equally concerned to offer and assist in developing if not solutions at least better practices based on real experience and application. Therefore, well over 600 experts from around the world will share their experience and knowledge with other participants drawn from policy makers, law enforcement, compliance, regulation, business and the professions.
    [Show full text]
  • Director General Tenure Ambassador & Senior Positions President
    Director General Tenure Ambassador & Senior Positions President Selden Chapin Nov. 13, 1946 – Apr. 30, 1947 Hungary, Iran, Netherlands, Peru, Panama* Christian Magelssen Ravndal May 1, 1947 – Jun 23, 1949 Uruguay, Hungary, Ecuador, Czechoslovakia Harry S. Truman Richard Porter Butrick Sept. 7, 1949 – Apr. 1, 1952 Iceland Gerald Augustin Drew Mar. 30, 1952 – Oct. 18, 1954 Jordan, Bolivia, Haiti, Inspector General of FS Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower Raymond A. Hare Oct. 19, 1954 – Aug. 29, 1956 Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Asst. Sec. Near Eastern Affairs Joseph Charles Satterthwaite May 6, 1957 – Sept. 1, 1958 Sri Lanka, Burma, Asst. Sec. African Affairs, South Africa Dwight D. Eisenhower Waldemar John Gallman Nov. 17, 1958 – Jan. 31, 1961 Poland, South Africa, Iraq Tyler Thompson May 14, 1961 – Feb. 15, 1964 Iceland, Finland John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson Joseph Palmer II Feb. 16, 1964 – Apr. 10, 1966 Nigeria, Asst. Sec. African Affairs, Libya Lyndon B. Johnson John Milton Steeves Aug. 1, 1966 – Jul. 31, 1969 Afghanistan John Howard Burns Aug. 1, 1969 – Jun. 15, 1971 Central African Republic, Tanzania Richard Nixon William O. Hall Jul. 5, 1971 – Sept. 30, 1973 Ethiopia Nathaniel Davis Nov. 13, 1973 – Mar. 17, 1975 Bulgaria, Guatemala, Chile, Switzerland Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford Carol Laise Apr. 11, 1975 – Dec. 26, 1977 Nepal, Asst. Sec. Public Affairs Gerald Ford Harry G. Barnes, Jr. Dec. 22, 1977 – Feb. 8, 1981 Romania, India, Chile Jimmy Carter Joan Margaret Clark Jul. 27, 1981 – Oct. 24, 1983 Malta, Director of Office of Management Policy, Asst. Sec. Consular Affairs Alfred Atherton Dec. 2, 1983 – Dec.
    [Show full text]
  • President's Daily Diary, May 26, 1966
    n^ May 26, 1966 White House Day Thursday Joe Califano To the East Room for SIGNING CEREMONY - S. 1098 - BoX Car Bill (bill to alleviate the freight car shortage in the United States The President went directly to the podium, made REMARKS Signed the bill and distributed pens ATTENDANCE: (After the signing, the PresidentThe Vice President Cong Joseph Karth Cong Wm Springer had his picture made w/ Cong Senator Warren Magnuson Cong Thomas Pelly Cong Walter Rogers William Hungate presenting Senator Gordon Allott Cong Al Ullman Cong Ancher Nelsen the President with an invita- Senator Frank Carlson Cong Robert McClory Cong James Battin tion to the Centennial ceremony Sen. Carl Curtis Cong Lloyd Meeds Cong Don Clausen in Moberly, Missouri, th home Sen Frank Moss - Cong Mark Andrews * Cong Robert Duncan town of General Omar Bradley) Sen James Pearson Cong Robert F Ellsworth Cong Odin Langen Sen Jennings Randolph Cong Floyd V. Hicks Cong Rolland Redlin Sen George A Smathers Cong Thomas S Foley Cong Brock Adams Sen Howard Cannon Cong Henry Gonzalez Ckng Catherine May Sen Peter Dominick Cong Samuel Devine Cong Wendell TA&gaixxx Wyatt Sen Fred Harris Cong Glenn Cunningham Cone Arnold Olsen Cong Leslie Arends Cong Harley Staggers Cong Alec G Olson OTHER: ^L. Cong Clair Callan ICC: "*^ OTHERS Joseph P Adams Cong Wm Hungate T J Byrne J R Morton John W Barriger PMG O'Brien H S Kline Henry Oetjen C E Bertrand Charles Roche M J Oaks J Eldon Ophiem John M Budd Sherwin Markman R LSteinke H H Pevler George C Cheek Mike Manatos H L Hilzinger Tom Pickett M M Christy SENATE AND HOUSE STAFF MEMBERS: Milton Plumb Robert N Clark Dr.
    [Show full text]