JOZINI MUNICIPALITY IDP 2019/20 REVIEW
JOZINI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY (KZ272) INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN (IDP) 2019/20 REVIEW
ANNEXURE B: ADOPTED SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK (SDF)
ADOPTED: 29TH MAY 2019
Prepared by Jozini Local Municipality Circle Street, Bottom Town, Jozini 3969 Tel: 035 572 1292 Fax: 035 572 1266 Website: www.jozini.gov.za
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JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE...... 1 1.1.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT...... 1 1.1.3 WHAT IS A SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK...... 1 1.1.4 LEGAL AND POLICY IMPERATIVES ...... 2 1.1.5 RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER PLANS ...... 2 1.1.6 DEFINING THE STUDY AREA ...... 3 1.1.7 STRUCTURE OF THIS DOCUMENT ...... 3 1.1.8 STUDY OBJECTIVES/ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED ...... 8 1.1.9 MUNICIPAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT INFORMANTS ...... 9
CHAPTER 2: STATUS QUO OF JOZINI MUNICIPALITY ...... 10
2.1 LEGISLATIVE ENVIRONMENT …...... 10 2.1.1 SOUTH AFRICAN CONSTITUTION AND PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (NO. 108 OF 1196) ...... 10 2.1.2 MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS ACT (NO. 32 OF 2000) ...... 10 2.1.3 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACT (NO. 107 OF 1998) ...... 12 2.1.4 SOCIAL HOUSING ACT (NO.16 OF 2008) ...... 12 2.1.5 ACCELERATED AND SHARED GROWTH INITIATIVE (ASGI-SA) ...... 14 2.1.6 THE KWAZULU-NATAL HERITAGE ACT (NO 4 OF 2008) ...... 15 2.1.7 SPLUMA (NO 16 OF 2013) ...... 15 2.1.8 KZN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT ACT (NO 6 OF 2008) ...... 18 2.2 POLICY ENVIRONMENT ...... 19 2.2.1 PROVINCIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY ...... 19 2.2.2 NATIONAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ...... 24 2.2.3 NEW GROWTH PATH ...... 25 2.2.4 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2030 ...... 27 2.2.5 THE COMPREHENSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK ...... 30 2.2.6 SOCIAL HOUSING POLICY ...... 31 2.2.7 PROVINCIAL SPATIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (PSEDS) ...... 33 2.2.8 PROVINCIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY ...... 34 2.3 CONCLUSION ...... 36 CHAPTER 3: THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT...... 37 3.1 THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT/ STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT ...... 37 3.1.1 TOPOGRAPHY ...... 37 3.1.2 SLOPE ANALYSIS ...... 37 3.1.3 GEOLOGY ...... 38
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3.1.4 SOILS...... 44 3.1.5 WATER CATCHMENT ...... 46 3.1.6 CLIMATE ...... 48 3.1.7 OPEN SPACE AND CONSERVATION ...... 52 3.1.8 VEGETATION ...... 58 3.2 THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT ...... 60 3.2.1 LAND TENURE ...... 60 3.2.2 POPULATION DENSITY ...... 62 3.2.3 HUMAN FOOTPRINT ...... 68 3.2.4 BROAD MUNICIPAL LAND USE ...... 68 3.3 INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 71 3.3.1 ELECTRICITY NETWORK ...... 71 3.2.2 TRANSPORTATION ...... 71 3.3.3 ACCESS TO WATER ...... 75 3.3.4 ACCESS TO SANITATION ...... 79 3.4 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ...... 83 3.4.1 ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE FACILITIES ...... 83 3.4.2 ACCESS TO EDUCATION FACILITIES ...... 83 3.4.3 ACCESS TO COMMUNITY FACILITIES ...... 84 3.4.4 ACCESS TO POLICE STATION FACILITIES ...... 84 3.5 HUMAN SETTLEMENT ...... 92 3.5.1 PREDOMINANTLY SCATTERED LOW-DENSITY RURAL SETTLEMENTS ...... 93 3.5.2 PERI-URBAN AND SEMI-URBAN SETTLEMENTS ...... 93 3.5.3 URBAN SETTLEMENTS ...... 94 3.6 FINANCIAL/ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...... 96 3.6.1 KZN DEPENDENCY RATIO ...... 98 3.6.2 KZN DEPRIVATION INDEX ...... 100 3.6.3 AGRICULTURE ...... 102 3.6.4 MANUFACTURING ...... 103 3.6.5 TOURISM ...... 104 3.6.6 PUBLIC/CAPITAL INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT ...... 109 3.6.7 SWOT Analysis ...... 110
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3.7 PROVINCIAL SDF ...... 110 3.7.1 PRINCIPLE OF SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES ...... 113 3.7.2 PRINCIPLE OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL ...... 114 3.7.3 PRINCIPLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING ...... 114 3.7.4 PRINCIPLE OF SUSTAINABLE RURAL LIVELIHOODS ...... 114 3.7.5 PRINCIPLE OF SPATIAL CONCENTRATION ...... 114 3.7.6 PRINCIPLE OF LOCAL SELF-SUFFCIENCY ...... 115 3.7.7 PRINCIPLE OF CO-ORDINATED IMPLEMENTATION ...... 115 3.7.8 PRINCIPLE OF ACCESSIBILITY ...... 115 3.7.9 PRINCIPLE OF BALANCED DEVELOPMENT ...... 116 CHAPTER 4: SPATIAL REPRESENTATION OF THE IDP ...... 117 4.1 MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT VISION ...... 117 4.1.1 STATUS OF THE IDP ON DISTRICT AND LOCAL LEVELS ...... 117 4.1.2 SPATIAL INTERPRETATION OF THE IDP VISION ...... 117 4.1.3 SPATIAL ALIGNMENT BETWEEN DISTRICT AND LOCAL DEV…..VISION …………118 4.2 MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT MISSION ...... 118 4.3 MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES ...... 120 4.4 LONG TERM SPATIAL VISION ...... 126 4.5 SPLUMA SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES ...... 126 4.5.1 SPATIAL JUSTICE ...... 126 4.5.2 SPATIAL SUSTAINABILITY ...... 128 4.5.3 SPATIAL EFFICIENCY ...... 129 4.5.4 SPATIAL RESILIENCE ...... 130 4.5.5 GOOD ADMINISTRATION ...... 131 4.6 SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES ...... 132 CHAPTER 5: DELINEATION OF THE URBAN EDGE ...... 133 5.1 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT ...... 133 5.2 CONCERNS COMMONLY UNDERPINNING URBAN EDGE POLICIES ...... 136 5.2.1 ERADICATING SPRAWL AND PROMOTING URBAN COMPACTION ...... 136 5.2.2 PROTECTING IMPORTANT ELEMENTS WITHIN URBAN SETTLEMENTS ...... 137 5.2.3 PROMOTING SMALL-SCALE AGRICULTURE ...... 137 5.2.4 MANAGING URBAN WASTES ...... 138 5.2.5 ISSUES OF SUSTAINABILITY AND RECYCLING ...... 138 5.2.6 CO-ORDINATION OF LINE AND BULK SERVICES TO ACHIEVE EFFICIENCIES …138 5.2.7 AVOIDING HAZARDS ...... 139 5.3 SYNTHESIS ...... 139 5.4 GUIDELINES FOR DELINEATING THE URBAN CONTAINMENT EDGE ...... 140 5.4.1 GUIDELINES FOR DELINEATING THE URBAN CONTAINMENT EDGE ...... 140
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5.5 GUIDELINES FOR DEFINING WHERE DEVELOPMENT SHOULD NOT GO ...... 141 5.5.1 PRINCIPLES ...... 141 5.6 CONCLUSION ...... 143 CHAPTER 6: SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT ...... 147 6.1 INTENDED FUTURE LAND USES ...... 147 6.1.1 CONSERVATION/ ECO-TOURISM/ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ZONES ...... 147 6.1.2 AGRICULTURAL AREAS ...... 149 6.1.3 INFILL AREAS ...... 151 6.1.4 RESIDENTIAL AREAS ...... 151 6.1.5 DEVELOPMENT AREA REQUIREMENTS FOR EXPANSION...... 153 6.2 DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS...... 154 6.2.1 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR ...... 156 6.2.2 SECONDARY DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR...... 156 6.2.3 TERTIARY DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS ...... 157 6.2.4 LOWER ORDER CORRIDORS ...... 157 6.2.5 AGRICULTURAL CORRIDORS ...... 158 6.3 SERVICE CENTRE AND ACTIVITY NODES ...... 158 6.3.1 PRIMARY MUNICIPAL NODES ...... 160 6.3.2 SECONDARY NODES ...... 164 6.3.3 TERTIARY NODES ...... 168 6.4 GUIDELINE FOR PLANNING FACILITIES...... 172 CHATPER 7: GUIDELINES FOR THE LUMS ...... 174 CHAPTER 8: ALIGNMENT OF SPATIAL PLANS ...... 178 8.1 UMKHANYAKUDE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY SDF ...... 178 8.2 BIG 5 HLABISA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY ...... 179 8.3 UPHONGOLO LOCAL MUNICIPLAITY ...... 181 8.4 NONGOMA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY ...... 182 8.5 UMHLABUYALINGANA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY ...... 182 CHAPTER 9: IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING ...... 184 9.1. RESOURCE TARGETING ...... 184 CHAPTER 10: CONCLUSION ...... 194
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Graphs Graph 1 Jozini Population ...... 62 Graph 2 Population Age by Group ...... 63 Graph 3 Population Distribution ...... 64 Graph 4 Education level ...... 66 Graph 5 Electricity ...... 71 Graph 6 Toilet facilities ...... 79
Tables Table 1 Municipal Overview ...... 4 Table 2 Wards and Councillors ...... 5 Table 3 Spatial Development ...... 8 Table 4 Hierarchy of Nodes ...... 20 Table 5 Environmental important terms and Description ...... 55 Table 6 Population growth ...... 62 Table 7 Population Age ...... 62 Table 8 Number of Households ...... 63 Table 9 Average Household Size ...... 63 Table 10 Gender Distribution ...... 64 Table 11 Education Facilities ...... 84 Table 12 Nodes ...... 92 Table 13 Sector Plan Adopted ...... 117 Table 14 Jozini KPA’S ...... 120 Table 15 Spatial Justice Principles applied to Jozini Municipality ...... 127 Table 16 Spatial Sustainability Principles applied to Jozini Municipality ...... 128 Table 17 Spatial Efficiency Principles applied to Jozini Municipality ...... 129 Table 18 Spatial Resilience Principles applied to Jozini Municipality ...... 130 Table 19 Good Administration Principles applied to Jozini Municipality ...... 131 Table 20 Conservation Orientated Projects ...... 148 Table 21 Development on Agricultural Land ...... 150 Table 22 Agricultural Projects ...... 151 Table 23 Classification on Nodes ...... 159 Table 24 Jozini Facilities ...... 162 Table 25 Mkhuze Facilities ...... 163 Table 26 Ingwavuma Facilities ...... 164 Table 27 Proposed Facilities ...... 173 Table 28 Guidelines for Developing a LUMS ...... 175 Table 29 Alignment with uMkhanyakude Municipality SDF ...... 178 Table 30 Alignment with Big 5 Hlabisa Municipality SDF ...... 179 Table 31 Alignment with uPhongolo Municipality SDF ...... 181 Table 32 Alignment with Nongoma Municipality SDF ...... 182 Table 33 Alignment with uMhlabuyalingana Municipality SDF ...... 182 Table 34 Jozini Municipality Capital Investment...... 186
Figures Figure 1 Link between SDF, IDP and Budget ...... 3 Figure 2 KZN PGDS Strategic Framework ...... 35 Figure 3 Spatial Principles ...... 36
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Figure 4 Water Capital Projects ...... 76 Figure 5 Sanitation Project ...... 80 Figure 6 PGDS Principles ...... 113 Figure 7 Urban Edge Concept ...... 134
Maps Map 1 District Regional Locality...... 5 Map 2 Locality ...... 7 Map 3 KZN SDF ...... 21 Map 4 uMkhanyakude in relation to KZN SDF ...... 23 Map 5 Natural Environment – Topography ...... 41 Map 6 Natural Environment – Slope Analysis ...... 42 Map 7 Natural Environment – Geological Map ...... 43 Map 8 Soil Potential ...... 45 Map 9 Natural Environment – Water Catchment ...... 47 Map 10 Climate Potential ...... 50 Map 11 Mean Annual Precipitation ...... 51 Map 12 Open Space/Conservation ...... 54 Map 13 Biodiversity Map ...... 57 Map 14 Vegetation ...... 59 Map 15 Land Ownership ...... 61 Map 16 Human Environment – Population Density ...... 67 Map 17 Human Environment – Human Footprint ...... 69 Map 18 Composite Map – Human Environment ...... 70 Map 19 Infrastructure – Electricity ...... 73 Map 20 Transportation ...... 74 Map 21 Water Infrastructure ...... 78 Map 22 Sanitation Infrastructure ...... , 81 Map 23 Composite Map – Infrastructure ...... 82 Map 24 Access to Clinics ...... 85 Map 25 Access to Provincial Hospitals ...... 85 Map 26 Access to Primary Schools ...... 87 Map 27 Access to Secondary Schools ...... 88 Map 28 Social Facilities ...... 89 Map 29 Access to Police Stations...... 89 Map 30 Settlement Patterns ...... 96 Map 31 Dependency Ratio ...... 99 Map 32 Social Needs ...... 101 Map 33 Agriculture Potential ...... 106 Map 34 Land Potential ...... 107 Map 35 Tourism ...... 108 Map 36 Provincial SDF ...... 112 Map 37 Jozini Urban Edge ...... 145 Map 38 Mkhuze Urban Edge ...... 146 Map 39 Nodes and Corridors ...... 155 Map 40 Primary Node, Jozini ...... 161
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Map 41 Jozini Urban Design Framework Map ...... 161 Map 42 Primary Node, Mkhuze ...... 163 Map 43 Secondary Node, Ingwavuma ...... 164 Map 44 Secondary Node, Bhambanana ...... 165 Map 45 Secondary Node, Ndumo ...... 166 Map 46 Secondary Mode, uBombo ...... 167 Map 47 Tertiary Node, Makwakwa...... 168 Map 48 Tertiary Node, Nondabuya ...... 169 Map 49 Tertiary Node, Manyiseni ...... 170 Map 50 Tertiary Node, Ophansi ...... 171 Map 51 uMkhanyakude District SDF ...... 179 Map 52 Hlabisa Municipality SDF ...... 180 Map 53 Big Five False Bay Municipality SDF ...... 180 Map 54 uPhongolo Municipality SDF ...... 181 Map 55 Nongoma Municipality SDF ...... 182 Map 56 uMhlabuyalingana Municipality SDF ...... 183 Map 57 Capital Investment Framework ...... 192 Map 58 Jozini Composite SDF ...... 193
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SECTION A: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
1.1 INTRODUCTION The Spatial Development Framework (SDF) provides strategic guidance for the spatial restructuring of the Jozini municipal area. It indicates where certain types of developments should or could take place, how these areas relate to other areas, and what development standards should apply. The aim of this review of the municipality’s Spatial Development Framework is to: Ensure alignment of municipal IDP and related projects with the spatial reality of the study area. Ensure alignment with the Provincial Growth and Development Strategy Ensure alignment with the District Growth and Development Plan Give direction and take into account the need for and compatibility of land uses; Confirm the Settlement Edge in line with COGTA’s Guidelines
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT The purpose of the Spatial Development Framework as a land use management tool is to plan, direct and control development but it does not provide land use rights. It forms part of the existing land use management process of the municipality and provides the necessary policies at local level in order to ensure the application of the development principles of sustainability, integration, equality, efficiency and fair and good governance in order to create quality of living, investors’ confidence and security of tenure. The purpose of this Status Quo Report is to ensure that all internal and external factors that may have an influence on the spatial development of the municipality are taken into consideration.
1.3 WHAT IS A SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK The spatial management of growth in urban and rural environments due to rapid urbanization rates and the subsequent impact on resources was previously done through the Guide Plans and Structure plans. These took the form of rather inflexible master plans which were underpinned by the principles of discrimination and separate development. The new democratic government, post 1994, adopted a new system of spatial planning described in principle in the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (SPLUMA) and Municipal Systems Act (MSA). This system had two components to it. The first is an indicative plan or Spatial Development Framework (SDF) that is intended to show desired patterns of land use, directions for future growth, indicate the alignment of Settlement Edges, and depict special development areas. The impact of SDFs was limited to providing policy to guide and informing land development and management. They did not change or confer real rights on land. The second component was the Land Use Management System 1 | P a g e
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(LUMS). This is similar to a town planning or zoning scheme. In many instances where they haven’t been replaced or repealed these still take the place of LUMS. In contrast to SDF’s LUMS have a binding effect on the development rights attributed to land and confer real rights on properties. Because development in Municipalities is dynamic and responds to changing socio-economic and environmental circumstances, it is impossible to predict the exact requirements of development rights in every instance; therefore, LUMS may be amended from time to time to take into account these changing circumstances. This is normally achieved through the processing of rezoning, subdivisions and removal of title deed restrictions applications. It is in these instances where SDF’s play an important role in guiding appropriate future change and helping to guide motivations as to the need and desirability, or not, of proposed land use changes.
1.4 LEGAL AND POLICY IMPERATIVES Within the limitations of a SDF as laid down by the Local Government Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act 32 of 2000) i.e. that it should be a guiding and informing document and does not confer real rights on land, it is intended that the SDF should be a binding document endorsed by Municipal Council and approved by the Provincial Administration as part of the Municipality’s IDP. Without this endorsement it will be difficult for the recommendations to have any meaningful impact on future development patterns and determination of capital investment in the area. The essential elements, which should be included into a local spatial development framework, are guided by a legal framework provided in terms of existing legislation, including the Constitution of South Africa, Governmental policies including the White Paper on Local Government, and Local Governmental Acts, including the Municipal Structures Act and Municipal Systems Act, determining roles and responsibilities of the municipal sphere of Government. The influence of the legislative and policy environment on the SDF will be discussed in more detail in chapter 2 of this document.
1.5 RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER PLANS The SDF links the development objectives taken from the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) and the Budget of the particular municipality. Therefore, the SDF becomes the spatial presentation of the IDP objectives that guide projects funded through the budget of the local municipality (Public Capital Investment Strategy). This link between the SDF, IDP and Budget is shown in the figure 1 below:
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F IGURE 1 L INK BETWEEN SDF, IDP AND B UDGET
1.6 DEFINING THE STUDY AREA The Terms of Reference for the project indicates that the whole of KZN272 better known as Jozini Local Municipality will form the study area with certain specific focus points as indicated in paragraph 1.1 of this document. Jozini Local Municipality is one of four municipalities within the uMkhanyakude District Municipality. It is located in the northern portion of KwaZulu–Natal, and is bordered by Mozambique to the north, Swaziland to the west, Umhlabuyalingana to the east, Big 5 Hlabisa to the south and Nongoma and Uphongolo to the west. It consists of four semi formalized towns viz. Jozini, Mkhuze, Ingwavuma and Ubombo. There is also Ndumo and Bhambanana towns which are not yet formalised. The remaining parts of the municipality are characterized as being rural in nature. Jozini Municipality covers 32% (3057 Km²) of the total area of 13859 Km² of uMkhanyakude District Municipality. The primary investment points are Mkhuze and Jozini; secondary investment points have been identified at Ingwavuma, Ubombo, Ndumo and Bhambanana and tertiary investment points have been identified at Ophansi, Manyiseni, Makwakwa, Emabhanoyini. These investment points are seen as the existing and future growth points in the municipal area and will serve as the basis for the clustering of activities and services such as schools, shops, community halls, etc. The municipal area is well served by major movement routes. These include a national link (N2), the R22 links Jozini to Manguzi in the Umhlabuyalingana Municipality and the 522-1 which extends from Ubombo in the south to Ingwavuma in the north. Jozini local municipality is divided into twenty wards. The large area of Jozini jurisdiction falls under the ownership of Ingonyama Trust and some areas are privately owned by individuals while some portions are owned by the State. The current land ownership is one of the reasons why it is very difficult to control development in the Municipal area of jurisdiction.
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The settlement patterns are dispersed which has resulted in under-developed land and settlement patterns. This presents a challenge in that it is expensive to deliver services. Jozini has dense rural villages which are mainly located in the traditional areas. In terms of land ownership, approximately 95 % of the municipality is traditional land. TABLE 1 MUNICIPAL OVERVIEW
Source: STATSSA Jozini Municipality share borders with the following areas:
Umhlabuyalingana Local Municipality to the East Big 5 Hlabisa Local Municipality to the South Portions of the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park to the South The Uphongolo Local Municipality (Zululand District) to the West Mozambique to the North Swaziland to the West The Municipality consists of 20 municipal wards and 7 Traditional Authority Areas. The following is a list of Traditional Councils in the Jozini Municipality: Mathenjwa Mngomezulu Nyawo Myeni-Ntsinde Jobe Myeni- Ngwenya Siqakatha (Gumede)
TABLE 2 WARDS AND COUNCILLORS WARD NAME(S) & SURNAMES CONTACT Ward 1 Nkosinathi Sicelo Myeni 072 248 9167 Ward 2 Wonderboy Njabulo Dlamini 083 697 3539
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Ward 3 Vacant with effect from 15 May 2019 N/A Ward 4 Tholumuzi Wiseman Zikalala 071 535 7785 Ward 5 Bonginkosi Mahaye 082 932 5843 Ward 6 Vusi Emmanuel Gumede 082 590 9740 Ward 7 Nhlanhla Leonard Gumbi 076 536 7493 Ward 8 Mphikwa Lotus Mavundla 082 219 2473 Ward 9 Mbalekelwa Samuel Nkosi 076 901 5374 Ward 10 Jabulani Philani Mkhwamubi 072 740 5085 Ward 11 Sakhiwe Simiso Mkhize 076 167 2291 Ward 12 Bongani Qedusizi Gumede 082 089 9163 Ward 13 Ben Isaac Msweli 082 587 0146 Ward 14 Mandla Ephraim Ndlela 079 953 7724 Ward 15 Siphamandla Zimele Mathenjwa 078 546 2317 Ward 16 Delani Phelemon Mabika 082 902 4424 Ward 17 Thokozani Mandlenkosi Khumalo 076 887 3656 Ward 18 Phile Ernest Vilane 076 177 0852 Ward 19 Thembinkosi Zakhele Nyawo 072 349 0133 Ward 20 Mokheni Zephania Nxumalo 072 305 2291 On terms of the IDP the municipality faces the following spatial related challenges:
Most of the land is under Ingonyama Trust and the State. No Municipal owned Land Lack of social support services & amenities/facilities Dysfunctional and lack of infrastructure support services Access to basic Infrastructure Sustainable & subsistence Agriculture/farming Environmental sensitive and protected areas.
MAP 1 DISTRICT REGIONAL LOCALITY
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MAP 2 LOCALITY
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1.7 STRUCTURE OF THIS DOCUMENT This Section of the SDF document represents the Status Quo analysis of Jozini municipality and provides an in depth contextualizing of the municipal area. The factors that may have an impact on the way the municipality develops in future are identified. In the process the assessment focused on the legislative mandate, the natural environment, human environment, physical environment, social resources and economic drivers. The Status Quo analysis is undertaken as a process to identify the key issues which will needs to be addressed in the implementation framework to be developed. It is thus foreseen that the information in the report will be amended and improved as further role-players engagements continue.
1.8 STUDY OBJECTIVES/ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED The primary objective of the SDF is to propose a model for the spatial development of Jozini Municipality that will ensure the optimal public capital investment and settlement growth. In order to promote this objective the priority spatial development issues and concomitant objectives in the following table are identified.
TABLE 3 SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY SPATIAL OBJECTIVE DEVELOPMENT ISSUE 1. Spatial Fragmentation To create a well-structured, efficient and sustainable node. To correct historically distorted spatial development patterns Within the settlements themselves, development has occurred in a spatially fragmented way. This fragmented pattern of spatial development is costly to service and maintain, and also imposes significant costs on the residents of the area, making access to services and socioeconomic opportunities more difficult. 2. Rapid and Unmanaged To provide adequate land and services for settlement Urbanization areas (existing and new) communities. This issue refers to the fact that the area has, over the last few years, experienced a rapid growth in lower socioeconomic settlements within the built areas and, more especially, on the fringes of existing settlements 3. Low density Settlements To create higher density settlements
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This issue refers to the fact that development within the lower socio-economic settlements has been of a low density, with settlements comprising of large residential sites sprawling over wide areas and consuming valuable land resources. Moreover, when associated with the fragmented spatial pattern of development noted above, the phenomenon of settlement sprawl imposes additional costs in the provision of effective services, and reduces the likelihood of such services being rendered in a way that is affordable both to the provider and the consumer. 4. Uncoordinated Spatial To achieve environmentally sustainable and spatially Development coordinated sectoral practices. Here the issue is related to the fact that many decisions that result in spatial development or have an impact on existing development are taken by a range of different authorities, often without consulting each other. This results in developments that are not planned in an integrated manner and gives rise to problems, ranging from environmental impacts that are unacceptable, to developments that are not serviceable within a short period of time.
1.9 MUNICIPAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT INFORMANTS The SDF need to provide guidance to the future structure of development of Jozini Municipality. In order to establish where development should be promoted and where it should be discouraged suitable land should be identified in the Urban, Rural and Wilderness model. In order to establish the three different areas the following aspects were taken into consideration: Urbanised areas, Slopes, Land Potential from the 2012 Department of Agriculture dataset, Environmental sensitive areas, wetlands and watercourses. The outcome of the combined overlay of these factors indicated the land that cannot be developed and need be protected, land that can be used for agricultural production and land where urban expansion and densification can be promoted.
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SECTION B: STATUS QUO
CHAPTER 2: STATUS QUO OF JOZINI MUNICIPALITY 2.1 LEGISLATIVE ENVIRONMENT The SDF is guided by, amongst others, the following Legislation and Policies at a National and Provincial Level: South African Constitution (NO. 108 OF 1196) The Municipal System Act (MSA) (NO. 32 OF 2000) The National Environment Management Act (NEMA) (NO. 107 OF 1998) Social Housing Act (SHA) (NO.16 OF 2008) The KwaZulu-Natal Heritage Act (NO 4 OF 2008) The Provincial Growth and Development Strategy (PGDS) Provincial Spatial Economic Development Strategy (PSEDS) Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (SPLUMA) (Act No. 16 of 2013) 2.1.1 SOUTH AFRICAN CONSTITUTION AND PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (NO. 108 OF 1196) Chapter 7 of the Constitution deals with local government and section 152 deals with the objectives of local government. It indicates that these objectives are: To provide democratic and accountable government for local communities; To ensure the provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner; To promote social and economic development; To promote a safe and healthy environment; and To encourage the involvement of communities and community organizations in the matters of local government. 2.1.2 MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS ACT (NO. 32 OF 2000) Section 23 (1) of the Act indicates that a municipality must undertake developmentally- orientated planning and Section 24 (1) indicates that planning undertaken by the municipality must be aligned with and compliment plans of other municipalities and organs of state. Section 26 of the Act indicates that a core component of an IDP is a SDF which must include the provision of basic guidelines for a land use management system for the municipality. Section 35 of the Act also indicates that a SDF contained in an IDP prevails over a plan as identified in Section 1 of the Physical Planning Act (No. 125 of 1991). Regulation GN796 OF 2001 promulgated in terms of the Act outline the following requirements for a SDF:
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“A spatial development framework reflected in a municipality’s integrated development plan must: a) give effect to the principles contained in Chapter 1 of the Development Facilitation Act, 1995 (Act 67 of 1995); b) set out objectives that reflect the desired spatial form of the municipality; c) contain strategies and policies regarding the manner in which to achieve the objectives referred to in paragraph (b), which strategies and policies must- i. indicate desired patterns of land use within the municipality; ii. address the spatial reconstruction of the municipality; and iii. Provide strategic guidance in respect of the location and nature of development within the municipality. d) Set out basic guidelines for a land use management system in the municipality; e) Set out a capital investment framework for the municipality’s development programmes; f) Contain a strategic assessment of the environmental impact of the spatial development framework; g) Identify programmes and projects for the development of land within the municipality; h) Be aligned with the spatial development frameworks reflected in the integrated development plans of neighbouring municipalities; and i) provide a visual representation of the desired spatial form of the municipality, which representation- i. must indicate where public and private land development and investment should take place; ii. must indicate desired or undesired utilization of space in a particular area; iii. may delineate the urban edge; iv. must identify areas where strategic intervention is required; and v. must indicate areas where priority spending is require.
These legislative requirements provide a clear framework for the development of the Jozini SDF and provide a legislative checklist for its contents. 2.1.3 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACT (NO. 107 OF 1998) The National Environmental Management Act (No. 27 of 1998) was drawn up to provide for cooperative, environmental governance by establishing principles for decision-making on matters affecting the environment, institutions that will promote co-operative governance and procedures for co-coordinating environmental functions exercised by organs of state; and to provide for matters connected therewith. Section 28 of the Act that falls within Chapter 7 – Compliance, Enforcement and Protection can be related to future developments. Part 1 of the Chapter focuses on environmental hazards and Section 28 relates to the duty care and redemption of environmental damage. Section 28 provides that every person who causes, has caused, or may cause, significant pollution or degradation of the environment, must take reasonable measures to prevent such pollution or degradation from occurring, continuing or reoccurring or, insofar as such 11 | P a g e
JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2019 harm to the environment is authorized by law or cannot reasonably be avoided or stopped, to minimize and rectify such pollution or degradation of the environment. 2.1.4 SOCIAL HOUSING ACT (NO.16 OF 2008) The Social Housing Act of 2008 was drawn up to establish and promote a sustainable social housing environment; to define the functions of national, provincial and local governments in respect of social housing; to provide for the establishment of the Social Housing Regulatory Authority in order to regulate all social housing institutions obtaining or having obtained public funds; to allow for undertaking of approved projects by other delivery agents with the benefit of public money; to give statutory recognition to social housing institutions; and to provide for matters connected therewith. In giving priority to the needs of low and medium income households in respect of social housing development, the national, provincial and local spheres of government and social housing institutions must- a) Ensure their respective housing programmes are responsive to local housing demands, and special priority must be given to the needs of woman, children, child-headed households, person with disabilities and the elderly; b) Support the economic development of low to medium income communities by providing housing close to jobs, markets and transport and by stimulating job opportunities to emerging entrepreneurs in the housing services and construction industries; c) Afford residents the necessary dignity and privacy by providing the residents with a clean, safety and healthy environment; d) Not discriminate against residents on any of the grounds set out in section 9 of the constitution, including individuals affected by HIV and AIDS; e) Consult with interested individuals, communities and financial institutions in all phases of social housing development; f) Ensure the sustainable and viable growth of affordable social housing as an objective of housing policy; g) Facilitate the involvement of residents and key stakeholders through consultation, information sharing, education, training and skills transfer, thereby empowering residents; h) Ensure secure tenure for residents in social housing institutions, on the basis of the general provisions governing the relationship between tenants and landlords as set out in the rental housing act, 1999 (Act No. 50 of 1999), and between primary housing co-operatives and its members as set out in the co-operatives Act. 2005 (Act No.14 of 2005); a) Promote: i. an environment which is conducive to the realization of the roles, responsibilities and obligations by all role-players entering the social housing market; ii. training opportunities for stakeholders and interested parties who wish to enter the social the social housing market; iii. the establishment, development and maintenance of socially and economically viable communities to ensure the elimination and prevention of slums and slums conditions; iv. social, physical and economic integration of housing development into existing urban or town areas through the creation of quality living environments v. medium to higher density in respect of social housing development to ensure the economical utilization of land and services;
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vi. the provision of social, community and recreational facilities close to social housing development ; vii. the expression of cultural identity and diversity in social housing development; viii. the suitable location of social housing stock in respect of employment opportunities; ix. the conversion of upgrading of suitable residential and non-residential buildings for social housing use; x. incentives to social housing institutions and other delivery agents to enter the social housing market; xi. an understanding and awareness of social housing processes; xii. transparency, accountability and efficiency in the administration and management of social housing stock; xiii. best practices and minimum norms and standards in relation to the delivery and management of social housing stock; xiv. the provision of institutional capacity to support social housing initiatives; xv. the creation of sustainable, viable and independent housing institutions responsible for providing, developing, holding or managing social housing stock and; xvi. the use of public funds in a manner that stimulates or facilitates private sector investment and participation in the social housing sector. 2.1.5 ACCELERATED AND SHARED GROWTH INITIATIVE (ASGI-SA) The Goals of ASGI-Sa is the following: Formulate medium-term educational interventions to raise the level of skills in areas needed by the economy as immediate measures to acquire the skills needed for the implementation of ASGI-SA projects. Ensure skills transfer to new graduates by deployment of experienced professionals and managers to local governments to improve project development, implementation and maintenance capabilities. Leverage the increased levels of public expenditure, especially investment expenditure, to promote small businesses and Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment. Focus on expanding and accelerating access to economic opportunities including skills development and finance for women. Leverage through Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment to support shared growth. Support efforts to establish new venture funds for small, medium and micro enterprises. The Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative (ASGI-SA) is aimed at the development of South Africa as a whole, but with the emphasis on development of previously disadvantaged areas. The broader aim is therefore not only to promote economic development, but to empower the communities through active involvement in projects. This empowers communities through skills development to be able to participate in the formal economy and labour market. This obviously has implications on an institutional as well as physical/spatial level. To have an impact on communities, it is necessary to ensure that public investment expenditure, which are to promote small businesses and Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment, be implemented in areas with the highest economic need. The occurrence of Economic 13 | P a g e
JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2019 need should coincide with areas which have the highest physical need as well, translated into the lack of services. The provision of services through a labour intensive, Extended Public Works Program will provide investment in the municipality as well as provide training and skills. Through preferential procurement procedures, emerging contractors/entrepreneurs will be able to participate in the formal economy. The goal of uplifting poor areas implies that the strategies to be implemented by ASGISA, targets communities within the poorest rural areas of South Africa, where the second economy (which needs to be combatted) functions. The National Spatial Development Perspective indicated that the poverty levels of Jozini are of such significance that it is depicted on national level as one of the poorer areas. The philosophy for implementing projects geared towards Asgi-Sa in Jozini is thus obvious. 2.1.6 THE KWAZULU-NATAL HERITAGE ACT (NO 4 OF 2008) Apart from provisions in the act that allow for the proclamation and listing of individual buildings, the act also allows for the protection of groups of buildings forming a conservation area and it provides for the general protection of buildings that are over sixty years in age. Section 34 (1) of the act states that “No person may alter or demolish any structure or part of a structure which is older than 60 years without a permit issued by the relevant provincial heritage resources authority”. Under Section 26 (1) the Act deals with demolitions, additions and alterations. Section 19 deals with Heritage Landmarks, Section 20 with Provincial Landmarks. Section 22 deals with the opening of a Heritage Register, and Section 23 deals with Heritage Conservancies. Section 51 of the act allows for a fine and imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years or both such imprisonment and fine of anyone contravening Section 31 (1) of the Act. 2.1.7 SPLUMA (NO 16 OF 2013) The Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (No 16 of 2013) seek to provide a framework for spatial planning and land use management. This framework presents the monitoring, coordination, review of the spatial planning and land use management system and efficient spatial planning. The Act allows for: 1. Policies, principals, norms and standards for development. 2. Address past spatial and regulatory imbalances 3. To promote greater consistency and uniformity in the application procedures and decision making by authorities responsible for land use decisions and development applications 4. To provide for the facilitation and enforcement of land use and development measures 5. To supply for the inclusive, developmental, equitable and efficient spatial planning at the different spheres of the Government. All the land use and development measures will by indicated in the SDF. Chapter 4 Part A of SPLUMA sets out the focus and general requirements that must guide the preparation and compilation of SDF products at the various scales. Chapter 4 is divided into six parts of which Part A provides an extensive introduction to the purpose and role of SDFs and sets out the preparation requirements and expectations of the SDF process. Section 12 (1) sets out general provisions which are applicable to the preparation of all scales of SDFs. These provisions require that all SDFs must:
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JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2019 a) interpret and represent the spatial development vision of the responsible sphere of government and competent authority; b) be informed by a long-term spatial development vision; c) represent the integration and trade-off of all relevant sector policies and plans; d) guide planning and development decisions across all sectors of government; e) guide a provincial department or municipality in taking any decision or exercising any discretion in terms of this Act or any other law relating to 25 spatial planning and land use management systems; f) contribute to a coherent, planned approach to spatial development in the national, provincial and municipal spheres; g) provide clear and accessible information to the public and private sector and provide direction for investment purposes; h) include previously disadvantaged areas, areas under traditional leadership, rural areas, informal settlements, slums and land holdings of state-owned enterprises and government agencies and address their inclusion and integration into the spatial, economic, social and environmental objectives of the relevant sphere; i) address historical spatial imbalances in development; j) identify the long-term risks of particular spatial patterns of growth and development and the policies and strategies necessary to mitigate those risks; k) provide direction for strategic developments, infrastructure investment, promote efficient, sustainable and planned investments by all sectors and indicate priority areas for investment in land development; l) promote a rational and predictable land development environment to create trust and stimulate investment; m) take cognizance of any environmental management instrument adopted by the relevant environmental management authority; n) give effect to national legislation and policies on mineral resources and sustainable utilisation and protection of agricultural resources; and o) consider and, where necessary, incorporate the outcomes of substantial public engagement, including direct participation in the process through public meetings, public exhibitions, public debates and discourses in the media and any other forum or mechanisms that promote such direct involvement. Section 12 (2) stipulates that: a) The national government, a provincial government and a municipality must participate in the spatial planning and land use management processes that impact on each other to ensure that the plans and programmes are coordinated, consistent and in harmony with each other. b) A spatial development framework adopted in terms of this Act must guide and inform the exercise of any discretion or of any decision taken in terms of this Act or any other law relating to land use and development of land by that sphere of government. The five founding principles as set out in Section 7 (a) to (e) of SPLUMA that apply throughout the country and to the all SDFs covered in these Guidelines are:
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1. Spatial Justice: past spatial and other development imbalances should be redressed through improved access to and use of land by disadvantaged communities and persons. 2. Spatial Sustainability: Relates to the need to promote spatial planning and land use management and land development systems that are based on and promote the principles of socioeconomic and environmentally sustainable development in South Africa. 3. Spatial Efficiency: The spatial efficiency pillar places significant importance on the optimization of existing resources and the accompanying infrastructure, including the oiling of development application procedures in order to promote growth and employment. 4. Spatial Resilience: Relates to mitigation, adaptability and innovations to secure communities from spatial dimensions of socio-economic and environmental (climate change) shocks. 5. Good Administration: The spatial governance principle is the fulcrum of this framework largely because implementation of the spatial planning vision and objectives is not only highly dependent upon a strong coordinating role of central government, but is also predicated upon good governance mechanisms, incorporating meaningful consultations and coordination with a view to achieving the desired outcomes across the various planning spheres and domains. 2.1.8 KZN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT ACT (NO 6 OF 2008) In terms of the Provincial Gazette Notice No. 54 of 22 April 2010, the KwaZulu-Natal Planning and Development Act, Act No. 6 of 2008 came substantially into operation on 1 May 2010. In terms of the preamble to the Act, the purpose of the Act is to: (a) promote a uniform planning and development system that treats all citizens of the Province equitably; (b) provide a fair and equitable standard of planning and development to everyone in the Province while accommodating diversity such as urban and rural needs; (c) incorporate and build on good practices and approaches to planning and development which have evolved outside of the formal planning and development system; (d) promote a planning and development system that redresses the historic injustices perpetuated by a fragmented planning and development system; (e) favour lawful development; (f) be clear, including the relationship between different laws; (g) be practical; (h) promote certainty; (i) require timeous action by decision makers; (j) guide decision makers; (k) Require decision makers to obtain expert advice before making a decision; and be enforceable.
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The Act requires that planning and development decisions be taken by local government, with appeals being resolved be an independent tribunal appointed by the responsible Provincial Member of the Executive Council. This Act provides for the adoption, replacement and amendment of a scheme. The purpose of a scheme is to regulate land use and to promote orderly development in accordance with the Municipality’s Integrated Development Plan. The Act requires that a municipality must within five years from the commencement of the Act adopt a scheme or schemes for its whole area of jurisdiction. Once adopted a municipality must review a scheme within six months after it has adopted an Integrated Development Plan for its elected term as contemplated in section 25 of the Municipal Systems Act. In terms of the transitional arrangements set in the Act, the provisions of a town planning scheme already adopted must be treated as a scheme adopted in terms of the Act. The Act provides for procedures for application for development of land outside of schemes. 2.2 POLICY ENVIRONMENT 2.2.1 PROVINCIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Cabinet adopted PGDS Review Framework at the February 2011 Cabinet Lekgotla. The Draft 2030 Vision and PGDS adopted by Cabinet on 31 August 2011. The purpose of the PGDS is to: focus on a clear vision for the Province; promote vertical, horizontal and spatial alignment; mobilise all development partners to achieve predetermined development objectives and targets; and Build on the strengths and opportunities of the Province, while addressing weaknesses and threats. The provincial vision as contained in the PGDS: KwaZulu-Natal, a prosperous Province with a healthy, secure and skilled population, acting as a gateway to Africa and the World.
The Strategic Goals for the province as indicated in the document: 1. Job Creation 2. Human Resource development 3. Human and Community Development 4. Strategic Infrastructure 5. Response to Climate change 6. Governance and policy 7. Spatial Equity The implementation of Vision and Strategic Goals aspire to lead to: Position the Province as a Gateway to South Africa and Africa Human & Natural Resources Safe, Healthy & Sustainable Living Environments
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Healthy Educated Communities Employable people are employed Basic Services More equitable Society World Class Infrastructure Investors’ Confidence Skilled Labour Force Focus on People centeredness. Strong & Decisive Leadership Foster Social Compacts The PGDS identified a hierarchy of nodes for the province defined as follows:
TABLE 4 HIERARCHY OF NODES Primary Node Only eThekwini is classified as a Primary Node within the Provincial Context as an urban centre with very high existing economic growth and the potential for expansion thereof. Provides service to the national and provincial economy.
Secondary Nodes Richards Bay/ Empangeni, Msunduzi, Newcastle and Port Shepstone has been identified as provincial Secondary Nodes and thus urban centres with good existing economic development and the potential for growth and services to the regional economy.
Tertiary Nodes These nodes are mainly centres which should provide service to the subregional economy and community needs and is represented by the following towns such as Pongola, Vryheid, Ulundi, Dundee, Ladysmith, Estcourt, Howick, KwaDukuza, Ixopo, Scottburgh, Hibberdene, Kokstad, Margate.
Quaternary These nodes are mainly centres which should provide service to Nodes the local economy and community needs and is represented by 31 towns, such as but not limited to: Nongoma, Nkandla, Eshowe, Bergville, Paulpietersburg, Jozini, Mkhuze etc. Rural Service The proposed rural service centres are envisaged to serves as the Centres lowest level of provincial nodes and could typically be established around existing traditional administration centres as well as other accessible rural points identified as periodic markets. These will be identified in consultation with the district municipalities and should serve as first access to basic services within rural areas.
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The information used to compile a SDF for the province was based on environmental sensitivity, social need, economic potential and accessibility. The use of these informants leads to the compilation of a spatial representation of the provincial SDF.
MAP 3 KZN SDF
The provincial SDF identified the following intervention areas on which the Integrated Provincial Infrastructure Plan will be based: Social Investment areas Priority Conservation areas Economic Support areas Economic value adding areas Biodiversity Priority areas Agricultural investment areas Mandated Service Delivery It is the intention that District and Local municipalities align their respective SDF’s with the provincial plan to structured and sensible development that work towards a common goal and ensure that development on local level does not take place in an ad hoc silo on its own.
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In terms of the identified intervention areas Jozini municipality is situated in a mandated service delivery area otherwise known as an area of high social need. In terms of the provincial SDF the following broad intended land use and interventions will be applicable. The highest ranges of combined social need when considering the population density, dependency ratio as the provincial index of multiple deprivations is illustrated by this category of high social need. These area broadly the areas where the most intensive social interventions area required and this category is further over layed above all other categories to provide a spatial reference to the types of interventions which might be pursued towards addressing the concentrated social need within these areas. As example where high social need is identified within an area earmarked as a conservation corridor, this firstly provides a reference to the fact that social conditions of communities will need to be addressed if any conservation is to be promoted within such areas. Further it suggests that the effective utilisation of the high biodiversity within such areas might be harnessed towards addressing social need through example conservation tourism.
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MAP 4 UMKHANYAKUDE IN RELATION TO KZN SDF
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2.2.2 NATIONAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK The Policy Co-ordination and Advisory Services (PCAS) in the Presidency produced a National Spatial Development Perspective (NSDP) that was endorsed by Cabinet in March 2003. The National Spatial Development Perspective (NSDP) guides government in implementing its programmes. The NSDP is built on four basic principles. These are: Principle 1: Rapid economic growth that is sustained and inclusive is a pre-requisite for the achievement of poverty alleviation
Principle 2: Government spending on fixed investment should be focused on localities of economic growth and / or economic potential in order to gear up private sector investment, stimulate sustainable economic activities and create long-term employment opportunities
Principle 3: Where low economic potential exists investments should be directed at projects and programmes to address poverty and the provision of basic services in order to address past and current social inequalities
Principle 4: In order to overcome the spatial distortions of Apartheid, future settlement and economic development opportunities should be channelled into activity corridors and nodes that are adjacent to or link the main growth centres in order for them to become regional gateways to the global economy.
The National Spatial Development Vision reads as follows: “South Africa will become a Nation in which investment in infrastructure and development programmes support Government growth and development objectives: By focusing economic growth and employment creation in areas where this is most effective and sustainable By supporting restructuring, where feasible, to ensure greater competitiveness By fostering development on the basis of local potential By ensuring that development institutions are able to provide basic needs throughout the country.” The NSDP identifies Core Regions and Spatial Economic Linkages outside the country’s three main Metropolitan Areas. The clustering of economic activities in areas with high potential for economic development provides regional competitive advantages. At the same time, where feasible, economic benefits from those growth sectors which are not dependant on clustering should be spread to those parts of the municipality where relatively low economic potential exists. 2.2.3 NEW GROWTH PATH The New Growth Path starts by identifying where employment creation is possible, both within economic sectors as conventionally defined and in cross-cutting activities. It then analyses the policies and institutional developments required to take advantage of these
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JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2019 opportunities. In essence, the aim is to target our limited capital and capacity at activities that maximize the creation of decent work opportunities. To that end, we must use both macro and micro economic policies to create a favourable overall environment and to support more labor-absorbing activities. The main indicators of success will be jobs (the number and quality of jobs created), growth (the rate, labour intensity and composition of economic growth), equity (lower income inequality and poverty) and environmental outcomes. To achieve profound changes in the structure of savings, investment and production, the government must steadily and consistently pursue key policies and programmes over at least a decade. Moreover, the state must coordinate its efforts around core priorities rather than dispersing them across numerous efforts, however worthwhile, that do not contribute to a sustained expansion in economic opportunities for our people. These are the core characteristics of a developmental state. The requisite policy stability and coherence will be supported by effective social dialogue that helps establish a broad consensus on long-run policy goals and a vision for the country, and facilitates the necessary trade-offs and sacrifices by ensuring a visibly fair distribution of the benefits from growth. Engagement with stakeholder representatives on policy, planning and implementation at national, sectoral and local levels is central to achieving coherent and effective strategies that are realized without endless debates and delays. That, in turn, means government must both strengthen its own capacity for engagement and leadership, and re-design delivery systems to include stakeholders meaningfully. Long-term structural change also requires phasing to establish the preconditions for success over time. In the case of employment, for instance, the steps that the state can take vary over time: 1. In the very short run, the state can accelerate employment creation primarily through direct employment schemes, targeted subsidies and/or a more expansionary macroeconomic package. 2. Over the short to medium term, it can support labour-absorbing activities, especially in the agricultural value chain, light manufacturing and services, to generate large scale employment. Government can provide effective inducements to private investment in targeted sectors principally by prioritizing labour-absorbing activities for the provision of appropriate and cost-effective infrastructure, regulatory interventions that effectively address market and state failures, measures to improve skills systems, and in some cases subsidies to production and innovation. 3. In the longer run, as full employment is achieved, the state must increasingly support knowledge- and capital-intensive sectors in order to remain competitive. This inherent phasing means that in the medium term the state must focus on facilitating growth in sectors able to create employment on a large scale. But it should not neglect more advanced industries that are crucial for sustained long-run growth. Government must encourage stronger investment by the private and public sectors to grow employment- creating activities rapidly while maintaining and incrementally improving South Africa’s core strengths in sectors such as capital equipment for construction and mining, metallurgy, heavy chemicals, pharmaceuticals, software, green technologies and biotechnology. These industries build on our strong resource base and our advanced skills and capacity in some economic sectors. The connection between economic and social measures needs to be further strengthened. In addition to their important social goals, basic and secondary education plays a critical role in longrun equality, access to employment and competitiveness. So does investment in 23 | P a g e
JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2019 health, including effective measures to address HIV/AIDS. Government has prioritized health and education investment and delivery. Apartheid left South Africa with an extraordinary spatial divergence between the economic centres of the country, linked to the metro areas, and the densely settled rural areas of the former Bantustans, which have very limited economic resources and investments. Within metros, too, there are vast disparities and spatial challenges, with townships located far from most employment opportunities. A core task for the New Growth Path is to break with this legacy through a coherent approach to spatial development backed by strong investment in infrastructure and the identification of viable and sustainable opportunities for historically disadvantaged regions. Rural development will necessarily depend largely on links to the main urban areas. It is acknowledged that while urbanization will continue, a significant share of the population will remain in rural areas, engaged in the rural economy. Enhancing rural employment requires finalization of a spatial perspective that sets out the opportunities available and the choices that we must make in order to lay the basis for aligning government spending, infrastructure and housing investment and economic development initiatives. In addition, government must do more to support small-scale agriculture, including through community food gardens and marketing and service coops as well as accessible banking facilities. 2.2.4 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2030 The National Development Plan aims to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality by 2030. South Africa can realize these goals by drawing on the energies of its people, growing an inclusive economy, building capabilities, enhancing the capacity of the state, and promoting leadership and partnerships throughout society. The National Planning Commission’s Diagnostic Report, released in June 2011, set out South Africa’s achievements and shortcomings since 1994. It identified a failure to implement policies and an absence of broad partnerships as the main reasons for slow progress, and set out nine primary challenges: 1. Too few people work 2. The quality of school education for black people is poor 3. Infrastructure is poorly located, inadequate and under-maintained 4. Spatial divides hobble inclusive development 5. The economy is unsustainably resource intensive 6. The public health system cannot meet demand or sustain quality 7. Public services are uneven and often of poor quality 8. Corruption levels are high 9. South Africa remains a divided society. South Africans from all walks of life welcomed the diagnostic as a frank, constructive assessment. This led to the development of the draft national plan, released in November 2011. Building on the diagnostic, the plan added four thematic areas: rural economy, social protection, regional and world affairs, and community safety. The plan focuses on the critical capabilities needed to transform the economy and society. Achieving these capabilities is not automatic, nor will they emerge if the country continues
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JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2019 on its present trajectory. Rising levels of frustration and impatience suggest that time is of the essence: failure to act will threaten democratic gains. In particular, South Africa must find ways to urgently reduce alarming levels of youth unemployment and to provide young people with broader opportunities. Progress over the next two decades means doing things differently. Given the complexity of national development, the plan sets out six interlinked priorities: Uniting all South Africans around a common programme to achieve prosperity and equity. Promoting active citizenry to strengthen development, democracy and accountability. Bringing about faster economic growth, higher investment and greater labour absorption. Focusing on key capabilities of people and the state. Building a capable and developmental state. Encouraging strong leadership throughout society to work together to solve problems. While the achievement of the objectives of the National Development Plan requires progress on a broad front, three priorities stand out: Raising employment through faster economic growth Improving the quality of education, skills development and innovation Building the capability of the state to play a developmental, transformative role. A sustainable increase in employment will require a faster-growing economy and the removal of structural impediments, such as poor-quality education or spatial settlement patterns that exclude the majority. These are essential to achieving higher rates of investment and competitiveness, and expanding production and exports. Business, labour, communities and government will need to work together to achieve faster economic growth. Social cohesion needs to anchor the strategy. If South Africa registers progress in deracialising ownership and control of the economy without reducing poverty and inequality, transformation will be superficial. Similarly, if poverty and inequality are reduced without demonstrably changed ownership patterns, the country’s progress will be turbulent and tenuous. Longer term interventions from the local authority need to take cognizance of the following: Promote mixed housing strategies and more compact urban development to help people access public spaces and facilities, state agencies, and work and business opportunities. Invest in public transport, which will benefit low-income households by facilitating mobility. For infrastructure that supports human settlements (housing, water, sanitation, roads, parks and so on) the picture is unnecessarily complicated. The planning function is located at local level, the housing function is at provincial level, and the responsibility for water and electricity provision is split between those responsible for bulk services and reticulation. In practice, these arrangements do not work. In general, human settlements are badly planned, with little coordination between those installing water reticulation infrastructure and those responsible for providing bulk infrastructure. Responsibility for housing should shift to the level at which planning is executed: the municipal level. The plan sets out recommendations for effective urban development. Local government faces several related challenges, including poor capacity, weak administrative systems, undue political interference in technical and administrative decision- making, and uneven fiscal capacity. The Commission believes that within the framework of
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JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2019 the Constitution, there is more room for the asymmetric allocation of powers and functions and for more diversity in how developmental priorities are implemented. To achieve this, longer-term strategies are needed, including addressing capacity constraints, allowing more experimentation in institutional forms and working collaboratively with national and provincial government. Reshaping South Africa’s cities, towns and rural settlements is a complex, long-term project, requiring major reforms and political will. It is, however, a necessary project given the enormous social, environmental and financial costs imposed by existing spatial divides. The Commission proposes a national focus on spatial transformation across all geographic scales. Policies, plans and instruments are needed to reduce travel distances and costs, especially for poor households. By 2030, a larger proportion of the population should live closer to places of work, and the transport they use to commute should be safe, reliable and energy efficient. This requires: Strong measures to prevent further development of housing in marginal places Increased urban densities to support public transport and reduce sprawl More reliable and affordable public transport and better coordination between various modes of transport Incentives and programmes to shift jobs and investments towards the dense townships on the urban edge Focused partnerships with the private sector to bridge the housing gap market. Rural areas present particular challenges. Policies are required to bring households in these areas into the mainstream economy. There are rural areas, however, where transport links are good and where densification is taking place in the absence of effective land-use management and urban governance. These require urgent interventions. 2.2.5 THE COMPREHENSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP) is aimed at being an effective response against poverty and food insecurity by maximizing the use and management of natural resources to create vibrant, equitable and sustainable rural communities. The strategic objective of the CRDP is therefore to facilitate integrated development and social cohesion through participatory approaches in partnership with all sectors of society. The vision of the CRDP is to create vibrant, equitable and sustainable rural communities include: contributing to the redistribution of 30% of the country’s agricultural land; improving food security of the rural poor; creation of business opportunities, de-congesting and rehabilitation of over-crowded former homeland areas; and Expanding opportunities for women, youth, people with disabilities and older persons who stay in rural areas. The ultimate vision of creating vibrant, equitable and sustainable rural communities will be achieved through a three-pronged strategy based on: a coordinated and integrated broad-based agrarian transformation; strategically increasing rural development; and An improved land reform programme. Agrarian transformation is the rapid fundamental change in the relations of land, livestock, cropping and community. It will focus on, but is not limited to, the establishment of rural
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business initiatives, agro industries, co-operatives, cultural initiatives and vibrant local markets in rural settings, the empowerment of rural people and communities (especially women and youth), and the revitalization of old, and revamping of new economic, social, and information and communication infrastructure, public amenities and facilities in villages and small rural towns. Rural development is about enabling rural people to take control of their destiny, thereby dealing effectively with rural poverty through the optimal use and management of natural resources. It is a participatory process through which rural people learn over time, through their own experiences and initiatives, how to adapt their indigenous knowledge to their changing world. Land reform is a national priority and is further entrenched in Section 25 (4) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act No.108 of 1996). A three-pronged land reform programme aiming at tenure reform, restitution and land redistribution, was launched in 1994. In relation to the CRDP, the land reform agenda will focus on reviewing the Restitution, Redistribution and Tenure Reform Programmes. In relation to Restitution, the focus will be on expediting the processing of settled claims and the settlement of outstanding claims. In addition, the work of the Land Claims Commissions will be rationalized within the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform. The focus of the Redistribution and Tenure Reform Programmes will be to develop less costly alternative models of land redistribution while reviewing legislation and policies that apply to both programmes. 2.2.6 SOCIAL HOUSING POLICY The primary objectives of the Social Housing Programme include: Contributing to the national priority of restructuring South African society in order to address structural, economic, social and spatial dysfunctional ties and imbalances to achieve Government’s vision of an economically empowered, non-racial, and integrated society living in sustainable human settlements. Improving and contributing to the overall functioning of the housing sector and in particular the rental sub-component, as far as social housing is able to contribute to widening the range of housing options available to the poor. The most important elements of urban restructuring include: Spatial Restructuring Spatial restructuring is necessary to address the needs of the urban poor (most black), who are located far away or completely excluded from the economic opportunities. The majority of these people also have limited or inadequate access to housing. Therefore; it is necessary to restructure the town by means of identifying appropriately located land for the provision of social housing, where places work, live, and play can be created. Economic Restructuring Economic restructuring will occur when social housing is used as a tool for economic revitalization of poorly performing cities or towns. Introduction of social housing in economically underperforming cities has had a positive impact in a number of cities world- wide. The number of fully completed houses will determine the scale and number of sustainable jobs created during construction. The end result will be an empowered population, which is able to use the building skills to make a living whilst creating sustainable human settlements. Social Restructuring
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Social housing can be used as a tool to create stable social environments that integrate with town with the rest of the LM. This also means the creation of a “sense of place” where residents have a sense of belonging and feel secured. Social housing can also be used to achieve social integration amongst people of different racial groups and backgrounds. The Guiding Principles for Social Housing include: Promoting urban restructuring through the social, physical, and economic integration of housing development into existing areas. Promoting establishment of well-managed, quality rental housing options for the poor. Responding to local housing demand. Delivering housing for a range of income groups, in such a way as to allow social integration and financial cross subsidisation. Supporting the economic development of low income communities in a number of ways. Fostering the creation of quality living environments for low-income persons. Promoting a safe, harmonious, and socially responsible environment both internal to the project and in the immediate urban environs. Promoting the creation of sustainable and viable projects. Encouraging the involvement of private sector where possible. Facilitating the involvement of residents in the project and/or key stakeholders in the broader environment. Ensuring secure tenure for the residents of projects, on the basis of the general provisions for the relationship between residents and landlords as defined in the Housing Act, 1997 and the Rental Act, 50 of 1999. Supporting mutual acceptance of roles and responsibilities of tenants and social landlords, on the basis of the general provisions for the relationship between residents and landlords as defined in the Rental Act, 50 of 1999, the Co-operatives Act, 91 of 1981c, as well as the Social Housing Act, 16 of 2008. Facilitation, support and driven by all spheres of government. Ensuring transparency, accountability and efficiency in the administration and management of social housing stock. Promoting the use of public funds in such a manner that stimulates and/or facilitates private sector investment and participation in the social housing sector. Operating within the provisions of the Constitution, 1996, the Public Finance Management Act, 1 of 1999, the Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act, 5 of 2000, and other statutory procurement prescripts. 2.2.7 PROVINCIAL SPATIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (PSEDS) The KwaZulu-Natal Spatial Economic Development Strategy (PSEDS) was formulated in 2007 as a spatial economic assessment of the areas of need and potential within the province. The PSEDS is intended as a guide to service delivery within the cluster to achieve the goals set in ASGI-SA to halve poverty & unemployment by 2014.
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The PSEDS sets out to: Focus where government directs its investment and development initiatives; capitalize on complementarities and facilitate consistent and focused decision making; bring about strategic coordination, interaction and alignment; The PSEDS recognises that: Social & economic development is never uniformly distributed; apartheid created an unnatural distortion of development and this distortion must be addressed. The PSEDS has been developed in order to achieve the objectives of ASGISA within the framework of the NSDP and the PGDS and aims to achieve the following: Eradication of extreme poverty and hunger; Promotion of gender equality & empowerment of women; Reduction in child mortality; Improvement of maternal health; Combating HIV-AIDS, malaria and other diseases; Ensuring environmental sustainability; Developing a global partnership for development; Sustainable governance and service delivery; Sustainable economic development and job creation; Integrating investment in community infrastructure; Developing human capability; Developing comprehensive response to HIV-AIDS; Fighting poverty & protecting vulnerable groups in society. The PSEDS prescribed that Jozini can achieve some of its economic and financial needs by focusing on agriculture and tourism industries. 2.2.8 PROVINCIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY The provincial Government has developed its own Growth and Development Strategy, which is closely aligned to both the Millennium Development Goals and national development goals in 2011. The PGDS is essentially a tool through which the provincial government can address the legacies of the apartheid space economy, promote sustainable development and ensure poverty eradication and employment creation. The Provincial Vision is indicated as: By 2030, the PROVINCE OF KWAZULU-NATAL should have maximized its position as a GATEWAY to South and Southern Africa, as well as its human and natural resources so creating a safe, healthy and sustainable living environment. Abject poverty, inequality, unemployment and current disease burden should be history, basic services must have reached all its people, domestic and foreign investors are attracted by world class infrastructure and a skilled labour force. The people shall have options on where and how they opt to live, work and play, where the principle of putting people first and where leadership, partnership and prosperity in action has become a normal way of life. This PGDS provides KwaZulu-Natal with a reasoned strategic framework for accelerated and shared economic growth through catalytic and developmental interventions, within a coherent equitable spatial development architecture, putting people first, particularly the 29 | P a g e
JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2019 poor and vulnerable, and building sustainable communities, livelihoods and living environments. Concomitant attention is also given to the provision of infrastructure and services, restoring the natural resources, public sector leadership, delivery and accountability, ensuring that these changes are responded to with resilience, innovation and adaptability. This will lay the foundations for attracting and instilling confidence from potential investors and developing social compacts that seek to address the interconnectedness of the Provincial challenges in a holistic, sustainable manner, whilst nurturing a populous that is productive, healthy and socially cohesive. The purpose of the 2011 KZN PGDS is to: Be the primary strategy for KwaZulu-Natal that drives growth and development in the Province to 2030; Mobilize and synchronize strategic plans and investment priorities of all spheres of government, state owned entities, business, higher education institutions, labour, civil society and all other social partners towards achieving the desired growth and development goals, objectives and outcomes; Spatially contextualise and prioritise interventions so as to achieve greater spatial equity; Develop clearly defined institutional arrangements ensuring decisive leadership, robust management, implementation and on-going reviewing of the growth and development plan. The PGDS identifies the following strategic goals, framework and objectives for the province of KZN:
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F IGURE 2 KZN PGDS S TRATEGIC F RAMEWORK
The following nine spatial principles underscores the general spatial intentions of the PGDS and serves and provincial guiding principles which should ideally be pursued within all levels of spatial planning at district and local level in alignment with the provincial spatial development strategy.
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FIGURE 3 SPATIAL PRINCIPLES
2.3 CONCLUSION The Spatial Development Framework for Jozini Municipality must be aligned with the National and Provincial Policies and principles to ensure integration and alignment. This will ensure the acceptance of the municipality’s strategies and projects and the eventual funding thereof by the various external funding agencies. The municipality needs to take this opportunity to promote itself as a tourism and agricultural benefit to the province with the necessary support and assistance from the Provincial focus.
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CHAPTER 3: THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 3.1 THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT/ STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT 3.1.1 TOPOGRAPHY Jozini municipality has two distinct differ topographic features, namely the Lebombo Mountain range on the western boundary with the highest point being on average just above 744 metres above sea level at Ingwavuma and the low lying Makhatini flats. In the north are the eastern foothills of the Lebombo Mountain range, extending from Ndumo south to Mkuze and the low lying western plains. The highly variable topography characteristic of the District creates biophysical habitat and micro climatic conditions which support a range of biodiversity. North facing slopes are generally warmer and drier, supporting habitat types such as grasslands. South facing slopes, escarpments and sheltered kloofs on the other hand tends to be cooler and wetter, commonly providing conditions favourable for supporting indigenous forest. This mosaic of habitat provides opportunity for a diversity of biota with different habitat requirements to exist within relatively smaller areas, in comparison to regions with flat topography. The cool, damp scarps and sheltered kloofs also provide refugia, for example protection of important flora and fauna against fire and utilisation/damage from anthropogenic factors. 3.1.2 SLOPE ANALYSIS The municipality is situated in an area with relatively steep slopes that makes a large area of the municipality not suitable for development and settlement. This situation also makes the municipal area highly susceptible to erosion of topsoil and silting in dams. The protection of these areas should be high on the municipality’s list and the identification of sensitive areas where development should not take place need to be considered as part of the Wilderness area. The eastern third part of the municipal area is the most suitable for both settlement and agricultural development. The slope analysis depicts the gradients of the land as it declines in height above sea level towards the east. The slope categories range from smaller than 1:10 (10% incline), 1:6 (17% incline) 1:3 (33% incline) and steeper. The greater the gradient (1:6 – 1:3), the more difficult and more expensive construction and provision of services become.
Slope is also affecting modes of transport, as a maximum gradient of 1:20 (5%) is recommended for bicycle tracks, and a maximum gradient of 1:12 (8%) is recommended for foot paths. The terrain therefore plays an integral part in determining settlement patterns or the line of roads which needs to be built cost effectively. The Slope analysis map, attached overleaf as map nr 6: Slope Categories clearly depicts the more mountainous areas to the western part of the municipal area. 3.1.3 GEOLOGY The geology of the uMkhanyakude District has been developed over billions of years through successive phases of continental assembly and mountain building events followed by long periods of deep erosion. The geology or lithologies underlying the district are described below, and the uMkhanyakude District Municipality Environmental Management Framework Status Quo document (NEMAI Consulting, August 2012) is acknowledged as the source of this information. Figure 2-3 illustration the spatial distribution of the geology and soils of the District (EKZNW, 2009d). 33 | P a g e
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Archaean Basement Rocks The oldest Swazian basement rocks are exposed north of Hlabisa where the Mandeva Formation (Mozaan Group, Pongola Supergroup) conglomerate, banded iron formation and shale are intruded by the more extensive coarse grained porphyritic biotite granite and tonalite of the Nzimane Granite. The distinctive Wela Formation quartzite, schist and banded iron-formation are exposed in the Wela and Nzimane River valleys. These basement units are unconformably overlain by the Ordovician-Silurian sandstones of the Natal Group to the east and north of Hlabisa town. The distribution of these rocks is strongly influenced by north-south oriented block faulting. Natal Group: The Natal Group comprises basal conglomerate, maroon sandstone, subordinate micaceous siltstone and shale, deposited ~490 million years ago. The sandstone weathers to form light grey, medium to coarse grained, loose sand. These rocks cap hills on the steep slopes of the Mbanzakazi and Matshemhlope mountains. Karoo Supergroup: The Karoo Supergroup rocks are subdivided into the Dwyka and Ecca Groups which have a widespread distribution in the hilly terrain of Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park near Hlabisa. The Permian to Triassic Emakwezeni, Ntabene, Nyoka and Clarens Formations form the high hills defining the eastern boundary of the park and extend northwards as irregular, steep hilly terrain. The Lebombo Group volcanic rocks form the low-lying area extending through Ngweni, Mhlosinga and Bayala and the prominent Lebombo mountains. The lithological characteristics of the units exposed in the UKDM area: (Dwyka Group): Glacial diamictites (tillites) of the Carboniferous Dwyka Group exposed mainly on steep slopes in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park. Massive diamictite is represented by the Elandsvlei Formation in the south with conglomerate, pebbly sandstone and mudrock containing dispersed clasts being included in the Mbizane Formation which is characteristic of the northern part of KZN. (Pietermaritzburg / Vryheid / Volksrust Formations): The Pietermaritzburg Formation is exposed over limited areas within the Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park, on the steep slopes of Ngxongwana and the hills around Hlabisa. The succession comprises dark, thinly laminated, closely jointed carbonaceous siltstone or shale. The unweathered siltstone or shale is dark grey, greyish-olive and light olivebrown in colour with mica concentrated on bedding surfaces. When weathered the shale is light yellow or khaki silty clay. The Vryheid Formation comformably overlies the Pietermaritzburg Formation and is the most widespread lithology in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park where it is downthrown against the older Natal- and Dwyka Group rocks. This formation has been subdivided into the lower sandstones, coal zone and upper sandstone and comprises medium to coarse-grained sandstone, grey micaceous shale and coal. The thin Volkrust Formation consists of dark- grey silty shale with thin siltstone or sandstone lenses and beds. Lebombo Group, Letaba Formation: The Lebombo Group is the uppermost of the Karoo Supergroup and crops out along the outermost eastern boundary of the municipal area. The Lebombo Group is subdivided into six formations including the Letaba Formation which forms main mafic unit. The Letaba Formation comprises of a sequence of picritic/olivine-rich basalt that underlies the area west of Mtubatube, extending northwards through the Ngweni and Mhlosinga areas to Mkhuze. Post-Karoo dolerite: Dolerite intrusions are hosted mainly in the rocks of the Karoo Supergroup area as an interconnected network of thin, near
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vertical dykes and sub-horizontal sills across the study area. The dolerite was intruded some 182 million years ago and is associated with the magmatic event that preceded the rifting of the Gondwana supercontinent. The Rooi Rand dolerite dyke swarm is intruded through the Letaba Formation. Dolerites in this area are typically fine to coarse grained, dark grey rocks that weather to form deep, red clayey soil profiles on well drained slope positions. In areas where drainage is restricted dolerite weathers to black, clayey structured soils. Zululand Group The Cretaceous Zululand Group underlies the coastal plain area and is exposed in the eastern Lebombo foothills, Phongola and Mkhuze River valleys and around the western shores of Lake St Lucia. The succession comprises the Makatini-, Mzinene- and St Lucia Formations. The Makatini Formation unconformably overlies the Lebombo Group volcanic rocks and comprises small-pebble conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones and limestones. The Mzinene Formation consists of glauconitic siltstones and cross-bedded sandstones containing fossils and shell fragments. The St Lucia Formation is exposed around False Bay and the Nibela and Ndlosi peninsulas of western St Lucia and is similar in composition to the underlying Mzinene Formation but contains abundant plant and marine invertebrate fossils. The bivalve and ammonite fossils preserved in the Zululand Group rocks represent a significant heritage resource that is protected by legislation. The soil forms of uMkhanyakude District vary widely according to their geology and topographical location, however, sandy soils tend to dominate in this region. The district is characterised by soils of well to moderate drainage, black soils, duplex soils and alluvial soils. The soil depth and condition of the soils also vary widely, with areas of both deep and shallow soils present in the district. This report is based on n brief desktop overview and is meant to give a better understanding of the published geological data and should by no means replace site specific geotechnical investigations.
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NATURAL ENVIRONMENT – 5 TOPOGRAPHY
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MAP NATURAL ENVIRONMENT –
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NATURAL ENVIRONMENT – MAP 6 SLOPE ANALYSIS
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MAP NATURAL ENVIRONMENT –
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NATURAL ENVIRONMENT – 7 GEOLOGICAL MAP
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MAP NATURAL ENVIRONMENT –
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3.1.4 SOILS The Jozini Municipality is characterised by the following 3 broad soils:
Soils with minimal development, usually on hard weathering rock and with or without intermittent diverse soils. The presence of lime is rare in these soils Soils range from red and yellow apedal through plinthic to duplex soil patterns Soils with marked clay accumulation In the higher rainfall areas above 800 mm per annum soils tend to be deep, well-drained, finetextured and leached with somewhat sandier textures where derived from sandstone or granite but more clayey where formed from dolerite. In terms of the South African Soil Classification system the most common soils are those of the Clovelly and Hutton forms in gently-sloping upland areas with Glenrosa soils on steeper slopes and Katspruit or Cartref soils in vleis and depressions. The soils in the eastern part of the municipal area are most suitable for agriculture and grazing. The western and central Lowveld BRU has a moderate to steep terrain and a climate with severe restrictions on the choice of crops mainly because of the low rainfall below 650 mm per annum and heat and moisture stress. Irrigation would be necessary to grow crops. Arability is assessed to be 22% of the area of the BRU and there are moderate limitations due to the soils. Areas would have to be carefully selected for cropping but irrigation is essential. The grazing capacity is 6 ha per animal unit on very good veld and this BRU has a reasonable to restricted potential.
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MAP 8 SOIL POTENTIAL
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MAP 3.1.5 WATER CATCHMENT Rivers The hydrology of the uMkhanyakude District is strongly influenced by the high lying land to the west with its associated network of non-perennial rivers, the large areas of low lying plains which tend to form extensive wetland and pan areas and the major watercourses originating to the west of the District. These watercourses include the Pongola River, which drains the north-western area northwards toward the Great Usutu River and Mozambique, the Msunduzi River and Mkuze River which drain the central areas in a southerly direction toward the iSimangaliso Wetland Park system, and the Hluhluwe, Nyalazi River and Mfolozi Rivers which drain the southern areas towards the iSimangaliso Wetland Park system. Three of these major watercourses, the Nyalazi, Mkuze and Black Mfolozi are classified as being free flowing rivers, meaning that these rivers have no barriers that obstruct movement and migration of aquatic species. The Jozini Local Municipality contains many non-perennial rivers and tributaries which have their source within the high-lying Lebombo/Ubombo Mountain Range (located along the western border), and which drain in an easterly direction toward the Pongola River. The Pongola and Nawavuma River which originate west of the District cut though this mountain range via gorges. The Mkuze and Msunduzi Rivers, which also originated to the west of the District, drain the southern areas of the municipality into the iSimangaliso Wetland Park and ultimately southwards toward the Indian Ocean. East of the mountain range the topography flattens substantially and develops into lowland undulating watercourses and the formation of floodplains and off-channel pan-type wetlands which are typical characteristic feature of the Pongola and Mkuze Rivers within this area.
9 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT – WATER CATCHMENT
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MAP 3.1.6 CLIMATE
The Provincial Spatial Planning Guideline 8 “Integration of Agro hydrological issues into Municipal Spatial Planning for KwaZulu-Natal” describes climate as follows: “Climate is a significant factor that limits agricultural systems, and thus is an important driver of agricultural production. Climate variations are affected primarily by the physical landscape. Hence climate in KwaZulu-Natal is spatially variable. It is therefore useful to define the climatological limitations that otherwise influence the productivity of agricultural systems, as well as how they are spatially varied. Schulze et al. (2008) regards water to be the most important climatic parameter influencing the growth of crops in South Africa; rainfall being the primary regulator of the availability of water to plants. Therefore mean annual precipitation (MAP) is considered to be a useful parameter that characterizes the long term quantity of water available for agricultural purposes (Schulze et al., 2008). For dry land agriculture, MAP presents the upper limit, and thus the critical threshold, for sustainable agricultural potential in terms of production (Schulze et al., 2008). In addition to the average rainfall situation, it also useful to take into consideration how the rainfall varies from year to year. Schulze et al. (2008) highlights that year-to-year variability of rainfall presents a prominent climatic risk in terms of availability of water for agriculture and the coefficient of variation of annual rainfall is suggested as a useful index to define the likelihood of fluctuations in crop yield between each year. The mean annual precipitation for Jozini Municipality is indicated on Map 11. The precipitation ranges from a low of 500mm per annum to a maximum of 800mm per annum. It can be seen that the best rainfall is in the western mountainous part of the municipality including Igwavuma. Another key parameter that influences crop production is temperature. Agricultural crops in particular are affected primarily by extreme fluctuations in temperature. Hence the use of indices defining critical temperatures is generally more useful as opposed to simply describing average temperatures. As defined within the South African Atlas of Climatology and Agrohydrology, the heat unit provides a useful index that takes into account both minimum and maximum temperature thresholds that ultimately limit the growth and development of agricultural crops. The aforementioned climatic factors are spatially varied, which therefore affects the distribution of areas suitable for agriculture.”
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Map 10 Indicates the Climate potential for Jozini Municipality. It can be seen that the bulk of the municipal area falls within the “Poor Climate Potential” zone. There are three areas with “Moderate Good Climate potential” where agriculture can be successfully promoted. It is clear from the accompanying map that the vast bulk of the municipality falls within the area that is designated as Poor climate Potential. It is therefore important to protect all valuable land for agricultural purposes. It need however to be taken into consideration that land that cab be irrigated can be used for sustainable agriculture and food security as indicated in the White Paper for Agriculture.
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MAP 10 CLIMATE POTENTIAL
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MAP 11 MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION
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3.1.7 OPEN SPACE AND CONSERVATION One of the development issues in the municipality is the promotion of LED through agriculture and tourism. There are also various projects associated with settlement growth through the implementation of Land Reform and Housing programmes. Therefore it is essential that while accommodating these challenges, environmental assets associated with the municipality are not undermined. Environmentally Sensitive Areas Analysis of the KZN Wildlife GIS database identifies two categories of environmentally important areas as occurring in the municipality: Important Species Sites; and Sites of Intrinsic Biodiversity Value. Three areas of high intrinsic biodiversity have been identified in the Jozini Municipality. These are located at Ndumo, Hlatikulu Forest reserve and along the N2. Some other isolated areas in proximity to streams / wetlands have also been identified especially in the east of the municipality along the Pongola River. 3.1.7.1 IRREPLACEABILITY ANALYSIS The first product of the conservation planning analysis in C-Plan is irreplaceability map of the planning area, in this case the province of KwaZulu-Natal. This map is divided by 2km grid cells called ‘planning units’. Each cell has associated with it an ‘Irreplaceability Value’ which is one reflection of the cells importance with respect to the conservation of biodiversity. Irreplaceability reflects the planning units ability to meet set ‘targets’ for selected biodiversity ‘features’. The irreplaceability value is scaled between 0 and 1. Irreplaceability value – 0. Where a planning unit has an irreplaceability value of 0, all biodiversity features recorded here are conserved to the target amount, and there is unlikely to be a biodiversity concern with the development of the site. Irreplaceability value – 1. These planning units are referred to as totally irreplaceable and the conservation of the features within them is critical to meet conservation targets. (EIA very definitely required and depending on the nature of the proposal unlikely to be granted).
Irreplaceability value > 0 but < 1. Some of these planning units are required to meet biodiversity conservation targets. If the value is high (e.g. 0.9) then most units are required (few options available for alternative choices). If the value is low, then many options are available for meeting the biodiversity targets. (EIA required and depending on the nature of the proposed development, permission could be granted). 3.1.7.2 C-PLAN AND MINSET Minset is a function or tool within C-Plan (Conservation Planning Software) that is used to identify a ‘minimum set’ of sites (planning units) that would fulfill the aim firstly of achieving the conservation targets within a number of constraints that can be set by the user e.g. avoid highly productive agricultural land, or land adjacent to major highways. It presents the most efficient solution to achieving conservation targets and other land use constraints.
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The Minset output map shows areas that are already protected, ‘Mandatory Reserves’ and ‘Negotiable Reserves’. Mandatory reserves are those areas that appear as totally irreplaceable on the irreplaceability map, since there are no other alternatives for achieving the conservation targets. Areas identified as negotiable reserves are the areas that the Minset function returns as the most efficient for achieving targets and constraints. However there are alternatives to achieving the targets and constraints but with less efficiency, and hence the designation of this area is still negotiable. In using the results of the Minset analysis for impact assessment and incorporating recommended areas into regional and local plans, planners need to proceed with caution. While mandatory reserves (totally irreplaceable areas) must be incorporated to meet conservation targets, negotiable reserves need not. However with respect to the latter, if an area is rejected for incorporation into the conservation network, landscape planning cannot end there. For the planning cycle to be completed in this respect, the planner must identify and recommend the incorporation of alternative sites that will allow the targets for the affected biodiversity assets to be satisfied. This will involve the rerunning of the Minset analysis with the initially excluded site removed from the analysis, and is what makes C- Plan a truly interactive and interactive planning tool.
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MAP 12 OPEN SPACE/CONSERVATION
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3.1.7.3 BIODIVERSITY SECTOR PLAN The definition of terms below is adapted from the EKZNW document ‘Document describing the Conservation Planning Terms for the EKZNW Spatial Planning Product’ (Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, 2014). The Complete list of definitions can be found in the “Biodiversity Sector Plan - uMkhanyakude District Municipality” The list hereunder is of the terms used to compile Map 13 indicating areas of environmental importance that need to be protected by the SDF.
TABLE 5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPORTANT TERMS AND DESCRIPTION TERM DESCRIPTION
Critical Biodiversity Area Natural or near-natural features, habitats or landscapes (CBA) that include terrestrial, aquatic and marine areas that are considered critical for (i) meeting national and provincial biodiversity targets and thresholds (ii) safeguarding areas required to ensure the persistence and functioning of species and ecosystems, including the delivery of ecosystem services; and/or (iii) conserving important locations for biodiversity features or rare species. Conservation of these areas is crucial, in that if these areas are not maintained in a natural or near-natural state, biodiversity conservation targets cannot be met.
CBA Irreplaceable Areas considered critical for meeting biodiversity targets and thresholds, and which are required to ensure the persistence of viable populations of species and the functionality of ecosystems. This category is a combination of three subcategories, namely CBA: Irreplaceable (SCA), CBA: Irreplaceable linkage and CBA: Expert Input
CBA Optimal Areas that represent an optimised solution to meet the required biodiversity conservation targets while avoiding areas where the risk of biodiversity loss is high Category driven primarily by process but is also informed by expert input. This category is a combination of two subcategories, namely CBA: Optimal (SCA) and CBA: Optimal Expert Input Ecological Support Area Areas required for the persistence of specific species. (ESA): Although these areas are frequently modified, a change Species Specific in current land use, to anything other than rehabilitated land, would most likely result in a loss of that feature from the area.
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Landscape Corridors A series of bio-geographic corridors created in KZN to facilitate ecological and climate change processes to create a linked landscape for the conservation of species in a fragmented landscape.
Critical Linkage Areas within Terrestrial Landscape Corridors that, due to the modification of the natural landscape within and surrounding the corridor, represent the only remaining and highly constrained link (i.e. pinch point on corridor) which, if lost, would result in the breakage of the corridor and corridor network. These areas are vital in maintaining the linkage of the corridor and its associated biodiversity related processes.
Protected Area Formally Protected Areas declared under NEMPAA. Such areas form the backbone of the conservation network and are critical in their contribution to the achievement of conservation objectives in the Province.
The primary areas of conservation are indicated on Map 13 and can be described as follows: 1. The ESA Species areas in the southern part of the Municipality 2. The CBA Irreplaceable areas along the N2, next to Hlatikulu Forest Reserve and west of Ndumo Game Reserve 3. The Landscape corridor of the Lebombo mountains on the western boundary of the municipality 4. The floodplain and wetland complex of the Phongolo River from Jozini Dam to Ndumo Nature Reserve,
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MAP 13 BIODIVERSITY MAP
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MAP 3.1.8 VEGETATION The Lebombo Mountain Range along the western border with Swaziland was also identified during both the provincial and local assessment. The local input identified the site for its areas of Critically Endangered Lebombo Summit Sourveld Grassland as well as its value as a corridor. The provincial assessment identified the ridge as contributing to the conservation of butterfly, millipede and mollusc species, several plant species and 3 vegetation types, including the Critically Endangered Lebombo Summit Sourveld Grassland. Tembe Nature Reserve area surrounds, to the west, south and south-east, was identified during the provincial assessment, with the importance of the south portion been further confirmed in the local input assessment. The west and south-east areas were identified as contributing to the conservation of millipede and mollusc species, the Endrody-Younga's anobiid beetle (Trichodesmina endroedyyoungai,) of which this site contributes 50% of the conservation target, a threatened plant species (Warburgia salutaris, listed as Vulnerable) and 7 vegetation types, including Sand Forest , as well as 2 sunbirds which were modelled to occur in the forest areas and which are listed as near threatened due to habitat destruction. The southern area was identified during the local input for its importance to Sand Forest conservation as it is a large intact track of Sand Forest which contains good representation of Maputuland endemics (refer to Section 2.3.1 which provides more details on the importance of this vegetation type). The Provincial assessment also identified the Sand Forest, as well as its importance for conservation of a threatened plant species, Cassipourea mossambicensis (listed as Vulnerable) as the area contributes 50% of this plant species conservation target. Outside the conservation areas in Maputaland, the main threats to the Sand Forest habitat are fires that are used in clearing areas for agriculture uncontrolled cattle grazing, as well as selective species utilisation for traditional medicines and timber. Sand Forest only occurs in South Africa and Mozambique, and is a unique inland feature of Maputaland. Because of its restricted occurrence and unusual species complement, Sand Forest can be considered as one of the most important habitat types in Maputaland. Sand Forest patches once removed for settlement, resources or agriculture will not regenerate and this vegetation type is thus highly threatened by habitat modification.
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14 VEGETATION
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MAP 3.2 THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT 3.2.1 LAND TENURE Land Tenure in the municipal area can be classified in 5 major groups, namely: a) Land reform areas b) Government owned land c) Traditional Authority areas d) Private Land Approximately 70% of the land within the Jozini Municipality falls under the control of the Ingonyama Trust, the remaining 30% falls either under state ownership or private owners. This status has far reaching implications for development and conservation in the municipal area and participatory practices with the land owners is highly recommended.
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15 LAND OWNERSHIP
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MAP
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3.2.2 POPULATION DENSITY The municipality has a fairly low average population density with the expected high density areas of the primary node and the traditional authority areas. This pattern has a positive effect on service delivery as the higher the density the more economical can service delivery be done. 3.2.2.1 POPULATION GROWTH
TABLE 6 POPULATION GROWTH GENDER POPULATION 2011 POPULATION 2016 Male 86,116 93,282 Female 100,386 104,933 Total 186,502 198,215 Source: Stats SA Community Survey 2016 G RAPH 1 J OZINI P OPULATION
Total Population
230000 198215 200000 184206 186502
170000 151747
140000
110000
80000
50000 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year
Source: Stats SA Community Survey 2016 The information from STATSSA Census 2011 and Community Survey 2016 indicates an annual population growth rate of 1,226% per annum for the period 2011 to 2016.
TABLE 7 POPULATION AGE AGE POPULATION PERCENTAGE TOTAL 0 - 14 82 344 42% 15 – 34 76 241 38% 35 – 65 29 911 15%
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MAP 65+ 9 719 5%
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Total 198 215 100% Source: Stats SA Community Survey 2016 G RAPH 2 P OPULATION A GE BY G ROUP
Jozini Age Population Groups
198,215
82,344 76,241
38 % 29,911 9,719
0 - 14 15 - 34 35 - 65 65+ Total
Source: Stats SA Community Survey 2016 The Graph above clearly indicates that 80 % of the municipality’s population falls in the age groups 0 to 34 years. This is a very young population that have serious implications for service delivery and the provision of (especially social) facilities in the municipal area. The implications of a young population in an area is high requirements for social services; educational and employment opportunities.
3.2.2.2 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
TABLE 8 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS CENSUS YEARS 2011 2016 Number of Households 38 849 44 584
Source: Stats SA Community Survey 2016 3.2.2.3 AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE TABLE 9 AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE
CENSUS 2011 2016 Ave Household Size 4.8 4.4
Source: Stats SA Community Survey 2016
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3.2.2.3 GENDER DISTRIBUTION The following table and diagram indicates that a large population group is dominated by females with 53% of the municipality’s population wile males constitutes only 47%.
TABLE 10 GENDER DISTRIBUTION 2016 PERCENTAGE Male 93,283 47%
Female 104,933 53%
Total 198,215 100%
Source: Stats SA Community Survey 2016
3.2.2.4 INCOME LEVELS INCOME PERCENTAGE 2011 None Income 15.4% R1 - R4 800 7.6% R4 801 - R9 600 15.2% R9 601 - R 19 600 22.3% R19 601 - R38 200 19.1%
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R38 201 - R76 400 8.4% R76 401 - R153 800 6.6% R153 801 - R 307 600 3.4% R307 601 - R614 400 1.4% R614 401 - R1 228 800 0.3% R 1 228 801 - R2 457 600 0.2% R2 457 601+ 0.1% Source: Stats SA Census 2011
The income levels, linked to economic opportunities, are very low. The greatest majority of residents enjoy little to no income, with a relatively large proportion of the economically active people in the municipality which earn between R4,801 and R19,600 per annum. This amount correlates with the average amounts for social grants and it is assumed that this is an indication of the high levels of economic and social dependencies in the municipality. 3.2.2.5 EDUCATION LEVELS The education levels in the municipality indicate that the largest proportion of residents (more than 50%) have some primary schooling or no schooling. It is accepted that this is because of the demographic structure of the municipality, indicating that the majority of residents in the municipality are young people (under the age of 20 years). Notwithstanding, the general education levels in the municipality are very low, with only a handful of residents being in possession of tertiary education qualifications.
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G RAPH 4 E DUCATION LEVEL
Education Level
Male Female
Pre-School 5635 5142 Primary School (Gr R - 7) 22862 21646 Secondary School ( Gr 8 - 12) 15591 15787 Technical Education 746 929 Other College 330 894 University Education 1496 2049 Community Education 296 601 Home-Schooling 6 0 Other 64 151 Do Not Know 41 22 Not applicable 46217 57703 Unspecified 0 8
Source: Stats SA Community Survey 2016
3.2.2.6 POPULATION DENSITY The map indicating the population density clearly shows that the population are concentrated at the nodes of Jozini, Mkuze and Ingwavuma. The road between the nodes of Bhambanana and Ndumo also reflects high population densities.
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MAP 16 HUMAN ENVIRONMENT – POPULATION DENSITY
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3.2.3 HUMAN FOOTPRINT The human footprint in the municipality has been derived from the household count of the ESKOM where all households were captured from 2013 aerial photographs. The correlation with the population density is obvious but this map drills down to a less general level and indicates the overall population/household distribution. Map 17 indicates the human footprint in the municipal area.
3.2.4 BROAD MUNICIPAL LAND USE The accompanying map indicates at first glance that Veld, cultivated land and trees the majority of land uses in the municipality contain. There are also some build up areas in the north eastern section of the area. This Land Use Pattern together with the environmental and slope information needs to dictate the spatial development form of the municipality as the basis of the eventual SDF.
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MAP 17 HUMAN ENVIRONMENT – HUMAN FOOTPRINT
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MAP 18 COMPOSITE MAP – HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
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3.3 INFRASTRUCTURE 3.3.1 ELECTRICITY NETWORK The electricity network map indicates that the network covers the most densely populated areas. The indications from the IDP are that some households, although close to the network, are not yet serviced. The availability of the network at the most densely populated areas is positive for service delivery as a large number of households can be reached within a relative short distance and thus cost effective and efficient. It can be seen from the graph hereunder that only 41% of households have access to electricity. G RAPH 5 E LECTRICITY
Electricity
Number of Households
44,584
23,478 18,305
2,801
Yes No Unspecified Total
Source: Stats SA Community Survey 2016
3.2.2 TRANSPORTATION
The Jozini IDP indicates the following: Transport and road networks vary a great deal across the municipality. The majority of citizens rely on foot for daily transport needs. The road network is made up of primarily provincial, district and access roads, the majority of which are in poor condition. The road network in Jozini consists of the following: There is one national road (N2); Provincial Roads. These road networks serve as the main connectors of the 20 wards, they also help in connecting to the surrounding municipalities. They also connect the primary nodes in the municipality. Most of the tarred roads are in a bad condition especially P522-1 between Jozini town and Mbazwana and the P443
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between Bhambanana and Ingwavuma. These roads are characterized by potholes and livestock roaming the roads; The district roads serve as a major connection between major centres, towns and their respective rural settlement areas, and among the settlement areas. These roads are characterized by poor maintenance and most of them are gravel roads; making it difficult to use during rainy seasons; and There is a number of Artery Roads within Jozini Municipality which despite being gravelled are in a poor state. One of Jozini municipality challenges is that most of the roads are in a state of disrepair and requires substantial upgrading. This renders some settlements almost inaccessible by a normal car and accounts for a poor public transport system in these areas.
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MAP 19 INFRASTRUCTURE – ELECTRICITY
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MAP 20 TRANSPORTATION
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3.3.3 ACCESS TO WATER The uMkhanyakude District Municipality (UDM) is the Water Services Provider (WSP) and is responsible for the implementation of new capital projects to extend the provision of water services facilities and their maintenance thereof. The District’s Water Services Development Plan (WSDP) indicates that the backlog of water services in the Jozini municipal area is still substantial. The 2011 Census indicates that 60% of households in the municipality receive piped water from a regional or local water supply scheme, 16% receive water from a borehole, while another 17% received their water from rivers or streams. Map 21 indicates the locality of households in relation to Water infrastructure. The DM’s 2016/17 IDP states the following in relation to the municipality’s water provision: Upgrading the Shemula Water Treatment plant to benefit 62 700 households in Jozini and uMhlabuyalingana Implementing the Jozini Bulk Regional Scheme (40 Ml/day) to benefit 50 200 households in Jozini, uMhlabuyalingana and Big Five Implementing KwaJobe Community Water Scheme to benefit 3062 households Upgrading of Mkuze Treatment Works to 5Ml/day to benefit 1362 households. Refurbishment of Machibini water scheme Water Tankers were provided to Jozini local municipality The IDP also indicates that the following Capital Projects:
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FIGURE 4 WATER CAPITAL PROJECTS
Source: Jozini IDP 2016/17
According to the 2016 Community Survey there are still 43% of the municipal households without access to potable water and need to make use of Water tankers, natural water or rainwater. It is however clear that the DM is addressing the issue of access to water as can be seen in Map 21.
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Acces to Water
25489 30000 19095 25000
20000 57 % Jozini 15000
10000
5000
0 Access to Potable Water No Access to potable Water
Source: Stats SA Community Survey 2016
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MAP 21 WATER INFRASTRUCTURE
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3.3.4 ACCESS TO SANITATION According to the 2016 Stats SA Community Survey 5 421 Households do not have access to sanitation. No information with relation to the actual spatial information could be sourced.
The DM’s IDP states that it is in the process of providing the following services:
6 254 households have benefitted under the Ingwavuma Sanitation Project (Wards 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,17,18,19) 2 009 households have benefitted under the Jozini Rural Household Project (Wards 3,4, 20)
FIGURE 5 SANITATION PROJECT
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Source: Jozini IDP 2016/17
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MAP 22 SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE
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MAP 23 COMPOSITE MAP – INFRASTRUCTURE
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3.4 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT The social environment takes a broad look at the existing availability and access to social services such as schools and hospitals. Not all facilities will be taken into consideration but the facilities indicated in the national and provincial policies will be focused upon. 3.4.1 ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE FACILITIES Jozini is served by two (2) hospitals namely; Mosvold hospital which is located in Ingwavuma and Bethesda hospital located at Ubombo. Jozini has seventeen (18) clinics which are located in areas of great densities. There are also two gateway clinics and 6 mobile clinics (with 91 mobile points, but 23 of these have no shelter), but the communities are not satisfied with this service. Access to health services is still unreasonable since many people are forced to travel more than 10km to make use of the facilities. The accompanying maps indicate the access of households within 25km of a hospital and within 5km from a clinic. 3.4.2 ACCESS TO EDUCATION FACILITIES The municipality’s IDP states that here are no institutions of higher learning within the municipality. After matriculation, children need to move out of the District for tertiary education. The latter is not always practical and affordable as most people in the area cannot afford to provide their children with better education opportunities outside of the municipal area. The cost is simply too much, thus the scourge of a low level of education that goes hand in hand with low levels of employment is prevalent in the municipality. At primary and secondary levels the facilities are distributed all over the municipality and these are well utilized by the communities. There is, however, a need to extend or renovate most of the schools, as a number are unsuitable for proper education purpose. Low portions of the population have any form of post matric qualification which indicates that they are in all likelihood involved in primary activities. The number of educational facilities is reflected in the following table and the actual access to both primary and secondary facilities are indicated in the accompanying maps. The access is based on the locality of households within a distance of 5km from a school.
TABLE 11 EDUCATION FACILITIES FACILITY NUMBER
Crèche (Formal and Informal) 26
Primary School 104
Secondary School 44
Combined School 6
Based purely on the distance factor it is clear that the area is well provided for with regards to both primary and secondary facilities. There are three areas however where
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concentrations of households are further than 5km from a primary and six areas where concentration of households are further than 5km from a secondary school. 3.4.3 ACCESS TO COMMUNITY FACILITIES There are 8 community halls/centres distributed through the Jozini area situated at the nodal points. The Municipality also hosts the following Tribal Courts and Traditional Admin Centres: Mathenjwa, Mngomezule, Nsinde, Ngwenya, Nyawo, Siqakatha, Jobe. The facilities are indicated on Map nr.28.
3.4.4 ACCESS TO POLICE STATION FACILITIES There are two Police stations in the Municipal area based at the Jozini and Bhambanana. The state of access roads in the rural areas however leads to long response times for these areas. The access to police stations is indicated in Map nr. 29.
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MAP 24 ACCESS TO CLINICS
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MAP MAP 25 ACCESS TO PROVINCIAL HOSPITALS
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MAP 26 ACCESS TO PRIMARY SCHOOLS
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MAP 27 ACCESS TO SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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MAP
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28 SOCIAL FACILITIES
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MAP
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29 ACCESS TO POLICE STATIONS
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MAP
3.5 HUMAN SETTLEMENT The municipality has a largely rural character with low density scattered households and the following nodal points:
TABLE 12 NODES PRIMARY NODES SECONDARY NODES TERTIARY NODES Mkhuze Ingwavuma Ophansi Jozini uBombo Manyiseni Bhambanana Makwakwa Ndumo Emabhanoyini (Nondabuya) Source: Jozini IDP 2016/17
Rural Areas: rural areas are characterized by extensive commercial and subsistence farming, mainly crop production and cattle farming. It is notable from the household distribution that there are numerous low density settlements scattered throughout the municipal area, typically of the settlement patterns throughout the traditional areas of the province.
The municipality’s HSDP 2014 describes the Settlement pattern as follows: The Jozini settlement pattern is dominated by expansive rural and informal settlements. Approximately 98% of Jozini is rural in nature and this is made evident by the housing typology. These settlements are scattered unevenly in areas under traditional authority with poor road infrastructure that interlinks them. Their location in space is highly influenced by a variety of livelihood strategies such as access to water, land, public facilities, public transport routes and bulk services. The following are some key features of the rural settlements in Jozini. Settlements in the municipal area have neither followed any predetermined spatial structure nor have they benefitted from ‘formal’ spatial planning. They are scattered in space in an unsystematic manner with limited (achieved by means of social facilities and access roads) if any linkages between the settlements; The majority of the rural dwelling units are constructed with traditional materials and often traditional practises such a home burials are prevalent. Most settlements are located along major transport routes (see map 6). Land allocation is undertaken in terms of the traditional land allocation system, which is not based on any verifiable standards. As a result, site sizes even for similar land uses vary significantly;
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Land ownership pattern and the prevalent land rental systems whereby landowners rent land out to the tenants has also had a profound impact on the settlement pattern; Land use management is based on collective memory where members of the community collectively agree that a piece of land is earmarked for a particular use or belongs to someone. Therefore, development processes i.e. acquiring development approvals are not followed. The settlements differ in size and density depending on location in relation to the above- mentioned factors. Relatively high-density settlements are found on the northern edge of Jozini. 3.5.1 PREDOMINANTLY SCATTERED LOW-DENSITY RURAL SETTLEMENTS Settlement are loosely scattered throughout the entire municipal area (especially north of Mkhuze and uBombo) and they surround communal grazing, crop production and grasslands. Settlement density appears to be directly correlated to accessibility (increased accessibility – increased density). Spatially, settlements density appears to be lower, the further the location from the main road axis and it’s feeder roads. This is also supported by demographic information which clearly indicates that population density decline the further one moves away from the main transport routes. Levels of services are generally low, with the majority of residential structures being self-built. Apart from a few trading stores and agricultural activities there is generally little sign of economic activities outside of the urbanized areas and main transportation corridors. The rural settlements mainly serve as residential areas with a limited economic base. Inhabitants are predominantly dependent on external sources of income and social and welfare grants. The continuous low-density sprawl of these rural settlement and poor planning of the past, which results in more productive agricultural land being taken up need to be addressed to ensure protection of the municipality’s primary economic generating resource. The key issues relating to tenure and settlement in the region are: Competition for land. Competing uses of land (productive agriculture vs. subsistence agriculture/residential) Access to affordable infrastructure This emphasizes the need for appropriate land reform planning and spatial planning intervention to resolve the rural problems. 3.5.2 PERI-URBAN AND SEMI-URBAN SETTLEMENTS Ingwavuma, uBombo, Bhambanana and Ndumo can be classified as Semi Urban Settlements. These centres currently perform functions such as service delivery and to a limited extent commercial activity. The influence of these service centres is quite critical for service delivery to the areas w here they are located. The identified secondary centres are strategically located to serve these areas and the neighboring rural settlement and they can be seen as the opportunity for clustering future development that must benefit these areas. Expansion of these small-scattered rural settlements should be discouraged in the short to medium term with an intention to enable
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them to develop into sustainable human settlements with an identifiable character. Spatial planning interventions in respect of these settlements should focus on the following: Agricultural development particularly protection of agricultural land from settlement. Conservation development in line with the Ezemvelo proposals, especially in the Ndumo and Ingwavuma areas. Management of grazing land including introduction of strategies such as rotational grazing. Consolidation of settlements as a means to create service thresholds.
3.5.3 URBAN SETTLEMENTS The only settlements in the municipal area which provides some higher order services and can be classified as urban are Mkhuze and Jozini.. The IDP describes the nodes as follows: Mkhuze: is the economic hub of the municipal area and will remain the focus for future development. Mkuze town is central located and it served by major road such as the N2 which links it with Hluhluwe, Mtubatuba, Richards Bay towns. There is an influx of major services such as offices, residential development and commercial uses has led to Mkuze being the major investment node within the area of Jozini Municipality. Jozini: is the second economic hub within the area of jurisdiction of the Jozini municipality, however the topographical constraints and land tenure issues has led to flee of potential investors to another areas. This urban centres serves as a link between the outlying areas as well as the dispersed rural settlements located at the peripheral areas of the municipality with marginal economic development potential. In comparison to the surrounding hinterland, towns generally have a higher level of social and infrastructure services, higher concentrations of administrative and business infrastructure and hence, towns normally fulfil the role of service centre to the surrounding hinterland. This pattern is significant when the recent policy of the Department of Human Settlements is taken into consideration where the principle of densification rather than sprawl is promoted. The National Development Plan 2030 specifically states: This requires: Strong measures to prevent further development of housing in marginal places Increased urban densities to support public transport and reduce sprawl The future spatial form of the municipality will need to give serious consideration to this declaration as it is mainly a turnabout from the practical reality currently taking place in the rural areas. The settlement pattern is indicated in Map 30.
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MAP 30 SETTLEMENT PATTERNS
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3.6 FINANCIAL/ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
The Municipality’s Local Economic Development Strategy states the following: Jozini can be described as a middle to low income area with growth potential. This is justified given the fact that there are pockets of wealth and a growing middle class. This is juxtaposed with areas of low income and poverty. Given that Jozini LM’s GVA and production is growing at a rate faster than that of the Province of KwaZulu-Natal, it indicates that there is potential in the area for greater growth and that there is untapped potential for future developments. There are a number of future developments and PDA applications lodged with Jozini LM and this implies potential for the area to experience more fruitful growth. It also means that skills development and training programmes need to be developed in order to meet the demand for skills associated with these developments. Jozini LM operates under a limited budget and budget constraints are a significant problem for the implementation of LED projects and programmes. The Municipality has a number of key development projects in the pipelines that are aimed at strategically unlocking key development opportunities in the LM. In order for the realisation of said projects and the Jozini Nodal Expansion Plan, funding and budgeting remains a key issue. In order to develop a meaningful strategic framework for LED in Jozini, it is important to ensure that the current challenges are translated into potential opportunities, while the existing opportunities are strengthened to drive LED. This will require identification of a strategic framework that promotes the existing strengths, conversion of weaknesses into potential opportunities, and diversification of current activity to ensure expanded and productive growth in the local economy. The strategies are classified as: 1. Sector specific strategies; 2. Crosscutting strategies. SECTOR-SPECIFIC STRATEGIES: The sector specific strategies are: 1. Strategy 1: Expansion of the agricultural sector; 2. Strategy 2: Expansion and diversification of the manufacturing sector; 3. Strategy 3: Development and support for the tourism sector;
CROSSCUTTING STRATEGIES: The crosscutting strategies are: 1. Strategy 4: Improve the institutional capacity and policy environment for effective LED; 2. Strategy 5: Ensuring effective education, skills and capacity development; 3. Strategy 6: Expansion and development of strategic economic infrastructure; 4. Strategy 7: Support for informal economy and small enterprises Jozini Local Municipality has the largest population of all the Local Municipalities within uMkhanyakude District and the population of the area has been increasing at a more rapid 105 | P a g e
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rate than other Municipal areas within the District. With a comparatively large and growing population, initiatives need to be put in place in order to create and support economic opportunities for job creation and growth within the Municipality. 3.6.1 KZN DEPENDENCY RATIO The Provincial Spatial Development Strategy describes the Dependency ratio as the total number of person dependent on a single income earner within a particular area. According to the Jozini LED Strategy the dependency ratio within Jozini Local Municipality is high and therefore there are a large number of not-economically active persons depending on a smaller number of economically active persons for economic support. A high dependency ratio limits the spending power of the economically active and in turn slows down the economy of the area.
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MAP 31 DEPENDENCY RATIO
The Provincial Spatial Development Strategy further indicates The Local Municipalities with notable concentrations of significantly high dependency ratios include: Hlabisa Msinga Umhlabuyalingana Imbabazane Ndwedwe uMlalazi Umvoti Umzimkhulu Impendle Nkandla Umzumbe Indaka Nongoma Vulamehlo Ingwe Nquthu Jozini Ubuhlebezwe Maphumulo Ulundi
It is concerning to notice that both Jozini and uMhlabuyalingana falls within the area of noticeably high dependency ratios.
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3.6.2 KZN DEPRIVATION INDEX The KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Government annually prepares a Deprivation Index which ranks municipalities in terms of their comparative levels of depravation. The index is a composite of several elements which includes: Income levels Employment Health Education The Living Environment Crime The combination of the above aspects is called the Multiple Deprivation Index. The Multiple Deprivation Index for KwaZulu-Natal is depicted below, with the Jozini Local Municipality depicted in Pink within the uMkhanyakude District Municipality which is marked in Black. The Jozini Local Municipality has a High level of deprivation, with the only exception a small area in the north western part. Please refer to the image below for a depiction of the KZN Multiple Deprivation Index developed as part of the Provincial Growth and Development Strategy 2011.
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MAP 32 SOCIAL NEEDS
It is clear that Jozini municipality need drastic interventions to establish an enabling environment with better conditions of life for its citizens. The IDP identifies that there are various opportunities that are offered by features within the municipality to assist with the economic development of the area. These opportunities include: Natural Landscape Suitable Arable Land and Land for Infrastructural Development Location and Accessibility Tourism The three sectors with the best potential to stimulate sustainable economic opportunities in Jozini are Agriculture, Manufacturing and Tourism.
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3.6.3 AGRICULTURE The municipality has large tracts of land with agricultural potential that varies from Good to Moderate. It is crucial that agriculture be promoted on this land as a primary economic driver. It need to be noted that the highest settlement prevalence is on some of this valuable agricultural land and sprawl of the settlements on this land need to be managed through the establishment of a settlement edge and forward planning for the settlement of people. The Agriculture Potential is indicated in Map Nr.: The settlements of people on land that can be economically utilised to address the plight of poverty just strengthen the downward poverty spiral for the people involved. The nature of agriculture in the Jozini Municipal area is characterised by fragmented subsistence cultivation, traditional animal husbandry and some cultivation of produce including cotton, morula and sugarcane. It needs to be noticed that commercial sugarcane farming with irrigation from the Jozini Dam is highly successful in the southern part of the municipal area. Agriculture, although it has shown a positive growth rate within the past 10 years, has declined in contribution to the Gross Value Added of the Local Municipality. In 2013, the sector only contributed 7% to the overall GVA of Jozini Local Municipality. The climate of Jozini Local Municipality can, for the most part, be described as subtropical and varies from moist subtropical along the coast to moderately dry subtropical in the west. The climate, together with the soils of the area has the greatest influence on agricultural production in the area. Value-adding remains a challenge for Jozini Municipality’s agricultural production. Value-adding approaches should focus on processing, packaging, marketing and the distribution of local produce. Workers are more likely to transfer their skills to value-added enterprises than to non-agricultural manufacturing and service industries.
Jozini Municipality needs to harness the potential of proposed strategies and plans for agriculture in order to: 1. Promote the development of economic infrastructure, such as market stalls at accessible locations; 2. Provide agricultural extension services (fertilisers, seeds, irrigations etc.) and training programmes with the Department of Agriculture as a key partner; 3. Identify international donor agencies for investment programmes; 4. Promote agricultural beneficiation; and 5. Identify suitable areas for the development of market gardens. These projects can be supported by the Jozini Municipality, in cooperation with other role players, with due recognition of the realities such as establishing markets to support the economic multiplier potential of these projects. Also, the implementation of these projects should be done in conjunction with skills audits and development to support the sustainability and potential of these projects. 3.6.4 MANUFACTURING The LED Strategy indicates the manufacturing sector is the joint third (with general government) largest contributor to the Local Municipality’s GVA (contributing 13% in 2013). The provincial manufacturing sector employed close to 287,000 people, and generated a
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GVA of more than R76 billion in 2011. The sector experienced 2.4% real average annual GVA growth since 2001, while employment within the sector declined at 2.0% per annum. Some of the key constraints highlighted by manufactures in the context of LED, which have had an impact on employment and output of the sector are: a) Increasing input costs (electricity, water, labour and capital goods); b) Collapse of the rail network and unreliability of the current rail service; c) Underinvestment into electricity and water supply infrastructure; d) Lack of available, zoned industrial land; e) Too much red-tape creating an administrative burden for industry; f) Lack of maintenance and provision of roads and other bulk services; g) Restrictive labour legislation; h) Declining competitiveness due to a lack of new investment (and technology); i) Vulnerability to international market prices; j) Lack of coordination between public and private sector; k) Lack of support for industry by local government (in terms of lobbying with provincial and national government and SOEs); and l) Impact of HIV/AIDs on the working age population. However constraints vary according to the industry, as well as the size of the manufacturer. For example, certain large manufactures purchase their water and electricity directly from the suppliers, which limit their reliance on local government. On the other hand, smaller manufactures purchase services directly from Jozini Municipality, and therefore are more reliant on local government service provision in order for the success and sustainability of their business. Jozini’s industrial activity is limited due to lack of supporting infrastructure. However, it should be noted that despite this, there are numerous SMME and informal activities in evidence in the area. For these smaller operators as well as large scale industrialists, water and power access remain constraints, there are opportunities that can be explored in this sector. Expanding established industry has a range of exciting possibilities and municipal support functions will play an increasingly important role in supporting continued inward investment in to the local area. There is also a number of untapped opportunities in the manufacturing sector, especially timber processing which is currently dominated by larger established sawmills. 3.6.5 TOURISM Increasing significance is being placed on this sector in the context of South Africa given this sector’s potential as an income and employment generator. The location of the region and the municipality within Maputaland and the North Coast, and the recognition of these respective authorities in the evolving provincial Tourism Development Strategy, present windows of opportunity for capitalizing on the sector. The labour absorption potential of tourism and its revenue generation effect make the sector worth exploiting. Within the context of Jozini Municipality there is potential to design future economic development strategies that are linked to tourism. 111 | P a g e
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Tourism is regarded as a cross-sectoral industry in that it has linkages with other sectors such as retail, manufacturing, transport, catering, hospitality, etc. As a result, it is difficult to measure the contribution of tourism to the local economy as GVA from the tourism industry is spread across a number of other sectors. The provincial catering and accommodation sector employed close to 42,000 people, and generated a GVA of more than R6.7 billion in 2011. The sector experienced 5.7% real average annual GVA growth since 2001, while employment within the sector declined at 1.9% per annum. This indicates that while the sector is growing, the employment in the sector is not growing at the same pace as the output and there is a need to boost employment in the sector. In order for tourism development to be effective within the context of the LED, it needs to be aligned to the tourism strategy for Jozini Municipality and the newly developed Draft Tourism Strategy for Ndumo. The vision for tourism in Jozini Municipality is the following: To increase the tourism product offerings in order to attract tourists that have traditionally bypassed the area and in the long term to turn Jozini into a fully-fledged destination in its own right by focussing on the area’s natural asset base, the diverse cultural representations and the unspoilt natural beauty of the area. It is necessary to institutionalise the tourism industry by promoting partnership investments. The Jozini Dam is an under-exploited resource in the area. The local municipality has identified the need for park and recreational zones at Jozini to boost the local economy through tourism. The Muzi Lake, boat and canoeing projects have been specified as a priority project represents a potential entry point to unlock potential. Areas of opportunity include: Heritage sites, (Dingane’s Grave, Border Cave) Monuments (Idlinza Lenkosi Udingane), Natural Resources (Makhathini Flats, Pans, Animals Birds; Gorges, Mountains etc) Location ( Swaziland Mozambique , N2) Other attractions( Jozini Dam, Game Reserves) , Mkhuze Farms, and the Usuthu Gorge. Opportunities, as mooted in the Lebombo SDI, along the international boarders of Swaziland and Mozambique, the Cecil Mack Pass etc. Hlathikhulu Forest tourism development Ghost Mountain BORDER HERITAGE CORRIDOR: (Cecil Mack Pass – Ingwavuma – Bambanani – Ngwanase – Kosi Bay) AILE OF KINGS HERITAGE CORRIDOR: (Liberation Route: Jozini/N2 Turnoff – Sikhandane – Kwaliweni – Ingwavuma – Cecil Mack Pass)
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MAP 33 AGRICULTURE POTENTIAL
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MAP
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MAP
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MAP 34 LAND POTENTIAL
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MAP
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MAP 35 TOURISM
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MAP
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3.6.6 PUBLIC/CAPITAL INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT Jozini Municipality is largely Grant dependent due to the lack of a sustainable income base. This means that the municipality does not have internal generated funds to do allocate towards its primary mandate of service delivery. Infrastructure development is not the sole responsibility of the Municipality but it is an integrated partnership between the spheres of government and parastatals. The different Government Departments such as Education, Health, Human Settlements and Public Works and the parastatals such as ESKOM all have a responsibility towards infrastructure investment in the local government sphere. Public Capital investment needs to strengthen the spatial development component of the local municipality and therefore need to take place in an orderly planned environment to ensure the maximum benefits and concomitant spin-off development for the municipality. The key elements of capital infrastructure include: Movement Systems and Associated Infrastructure e.g. different order roads and public transport facilities. Public Institutions and Facilities e.g. schools, Thusong centre, pension payout points, informal markets. Services Infrastructure e.g. Water, Sanitation and Electricity (Bulk and reticulation)
In a resource deprived municipality such as Jozini the spatial structuring influence of capital investment need to be harnessed and managed to strengthen the investment landscape and social fabric of the municipality. Projects that are capital investment in nature should be filtered through a model that ensures alignment with the municipal spatial development framework. Public Capital Investment is a necessary mechanism to lever Private investment such as the existing mix of investment in Jozini.
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3.6.7 SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
1. Strategic Locality 1. No formalised towns 2. Natural Resources 2. Low level of Service delivery 3. Tourism Potential 3. Weak Economic drivers 4. Senekal sugarcane farms 4. Unresolved land transfer issues 5. Well established primary road 5. Road through Jozini town that 6. network have heavy traffic congestion. Game Reserves (Ndumo and Tembe) 6. Dispersed settlements lead to expensive service delivery 7. Lack of a sustainable income base OPPORTUNITIES THREATS 1. Jozini dam (agriculture and tourism) 1. Land Ownership 2. Irrigation and agriculture 2. High unemployment 3. Critical linkages 3. Low education levels 4. Development of Mkuze and Jozini 4. Capital spending on community 5. Formalisation of Jozini, Ubombo and facilities instead of service delivery Ingwavuma viz number of 6. Development of Ndumo Node 5. community halls Illegal developments 6. Misappropriation of agricultural land 7. Highly grant dependent
3.7 PROVINCIAL SDF The Provincial SDF applied the following classification to the various spatial structures in the study area: The Jozini and Mkhuze nodes are identified as a Quaternary Nodes which is defined as nodes that are mainly centres which should provide service to the local economy and community needs There following areas are identified in the PGDS: 1. Priority Conservation Proposed regional critical conservation areas which are linked in a continuous system of ecosystems and bioregions traversing the province between the Drakensberg and the Indian Ocean. These areas were identified combining existing environmentally protected areas as well as conservation corridors proposed by Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, through combining extensive environmental research into bio-resources throughout the province as part of the formulation of a Critical Biodiversity Plan for the province. These Conservation Corridors are not suggested as absolute “no-go” areas, but rather highlighted as areas of environmental significance to the sustainable development of the entire province. Where economic opportunity (such as tourism development) and high social need exist within these Conservation Corridors, it implies both that the rich natural environment should contribute to the address such needs and potential, and further
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that any interventions in these areas need to consider the impact on such important regional ecological corridors. These corridors are however perceived as areas where extensive densification would be discouraged and sensitive development promoted. 2. Biodiversity Priority area 1 Areas with a significantly high biodiversity value expressed in the number of species and sensitive environments as identified through extensive research by Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife. These areas are most often located in close proximity to the identified Conservation Corridors and may serve as an additional buffer to these corridors. These areas too are not (at a provincial level) proposed as absolute “no-go” areas, but are identified to indicate areas where extensive densification would be discouraged and sensitive development promoted. 3. Social Investment The highest ranges of combined social need when considering the population density, dependency ratio as the provincial index of multiple deprivation is illustrated by this category of high social need. These area broadly the areas where the most intensive social interventions area required and this category is further overlayed above all other categories to provide a spatial reference to the types of interventions which might be pursued towards addressing the concentrated social need within these areas. As example where high social need is identified within an area earmarked as a conservation corridor, this firstly provides a reference to the fact that social conditions of communities will need to be addressed if any conservation is to be promoted within such areas. Further it suggests that the effective utilisation of the high biodiversity within such areas might be harnessed towards addressing social need through example conservation tourism. 4. Mandated Service delivery The areas which are not representative of any of the above mentioned categories are classified as undifferentiated areas. It is acknowledged that these areas also have communities residing on them with economic potential and environmental resources, however, based on the approach followed these areas weren’t differentiated to the same degree as the identified preceding categories. It is therefore important that this category is not neglected from public and private interventions and as the various departmental programmes are inclusive in nature, these areas should also benefit from it. It is anticipated that the intensity of such programmes and the total portion of resource allocation to these areas would be less than the identified categories as well as the key intervention areas identified previously.
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MAP 36 PROVINCIAL SDF
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The KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Spatial Development Plan further developed nine (9) Principles to guide development in the Province which will enhance the provisions of the SPLUMB. The relationship between the two sets of principles is depicted further in the document. The nine principles of the PGDS are depicted in the diagram below.
FIGURE 6 PGDS PRINCIPLES
The following nine spatial principles underscores the general spatial intentions of the PGDS and serves as provincial guiding principles which should ideally be pursued within all levels of spatial planning at district and local level in alignment with the provincial spatial development strategy. 3.7.1 PRINCIPLE OF SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES The Principle of Sustainable Communities promotes the building of places where people want to live and work. Again the sense of Quality of Living refers to the balance between environmental quality, addressing social need and promoting economic activities within communities. Often communities within the rural context of KwaZulu-Natal are not located in the areas with perceived highest economic potential. Where low economic potential exists planning and investments should be directed at projects and programmes to address poverty and the provision of basic services in order to address past and current social inequalities towards building sustainable communities. 3.7.2 PRINCIPLE OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL The Principle of Economic Potential aims to improving productivity and closing the economic performance gap between the various areas of KwaZulu-Natal towards economic excellence of all areas. Rapid economic growth that is sustained and inclusive is seen as a pre-requisite for the achievement of poverty alleviation.
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The principles further promotes the consideration of spatial needs for Economic Competitiveness (Potential) by proposing an asset based spatial approach based on unique advantages and opportunities within various areas. An essential component of this principle is the engagement of the private sector in the refinement and spatial economic needs of any particular zone / area. 3.7.3 PRINCIPLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING The Principle of Environmental Planning (Bioregional Planning) refers to understanding and respecting the environmental character (potential and vulnerability) and distinctiveness of places and landscapes and promoting balanced development in such areas. The PGDS supports environmental planning as the fundamental methodology on which spatial planning should be based. Thus, rather than being a reactionary barrier to commenced development, the environment is seen as an enabling primary informant to spatial planning and development. Environmental planning can be defined as land-use planning and management that promotes sustainable development. The environmental planning methodology involves the use of Broad Provincial Spatial Planning Categories to reflect desired land use 3.7.4 PRINCIPLE OF SUSTAINABLE RURAL LIVELIHOODS The Principle of Sustainable Rural Livelihoods considers rural areas in a way which is integrated with other decision making associated with the Sustainable Livelihoods frameworks. This principle requires that spatial planning consider the locality and impact of human, physical, natural, financial and social capitals of an area and spatially structure these in support of each other. Another aspect of this principle is promoting spatial planning in a continuum where rural areas are not addressed as completely separate entities to urban centres, but rather a gradual change in landscape with the potential progression of rural areas to more closely resemble the service standards and quality of living achieved in some urban contexts. 3.7.5 PRINCIPLE OF SPATIAL CONCENTRATION The Principle of Spatial Concentration aims to build on existing concentrations of activities and infrastructure towards improved access of communities to social services and economic activities. In practical terms this promotes concentration along nodes and corridors with multi-sectoral investment i.e. roads, facilities, housing etc. This is envisaged to lead to greater co-ordination of both public and private investment and result in higher accessibility of goods and services to communities while ensuring more economic service delivery. This principle will further assist in overcoming the spatial distortions of the past. Future settlement and economic development opportunities should be channeled into activity corridors and nodes that are adjacent to or link the main growth centres in order for them to become regional gateways. 3.7.6 PRINCIPLE OF LOCAL SELF-SUFFCIENCY The Principle of Local Self-Sufficiency promotes locating development in a way that reduces the need to travel, especially by car and enables people as far as possible to meet their need locally. Furthermore, the principle is underpinned by an assessment of each areas unique competency towards its own self-reliance and need to consider the environment, human skills, infrastructure and capital available to a specific area and how it could contribute to increase its self-sufficiency. 3.7.7 PRINCIPLE OF CO-ORDINATED IMPLEMENTATION The Principle of Co-ordinated Implementation actually projects beyond spatial planning and promotes the alignment of role-player mandates and resources with integrated spatial planning across sectors and localities. Essentially the principle suggests that planning-implementation
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becomes a more continuous process and that government spending on fixed investment should be focused on planned key interventions localities. The principle ultimately also proposes a move towards more developmental mandate definitions of the various departments away, from single mandates to enable the spatial alignment of growth and development investment. 3.7.8 PRINCIPLE OF ACCESSIBILITY The Principle of Accessibility simply promotes the highest level of accessibility to resources, services, opportunities and other communities. This is intrinsically linked to transportation planning and should consider localized needs for the transportation of people and goods by various modes of transport as guided by the scale and function of a region. At a provincial level there is a strong correlation between the most deprived areas and poor regional accessibility to those areas. In addressing accessibility at provincial and local level, the need for possible new linkages, the upgrade in the capacity of existing linkages and the suitable mix of modes of transport should be considered. 3.7.9 PRINCIPLE OF BALANCED DEVELOPMENT The Principle of Balanced Development promotes the linking of areas of economic opportunity with areas in greatest need of economic, social and physical restructuring and regeneration at all spatial scales. In practical terms the principles sought to find a balance between the potentially competing land uses by understanding the relationship and integration between major dimensions within the province and promoting a synergetic mixture of land uses in support of each other at various spatial scales.
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SECTION C: DEVELOPMENT VISION, STRATEGIES & OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER 4: SPATIAL REPRESENTATION OF THE IDP
4.1 MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT VISION 4.1.1 STATUS OF THE IDP ON DISTRICT AND LOCAL LEVELS The following strategic documents are used as basis of analysis for the formulation of the Jozini Spatial Development Framework.
TABLE 13 SECTOR PLAN ADOPTED SECTOR PLAN STATUS
Jozini Municipality IDP 2017/18-2021/22 Adopted 2017 uMkhanyakude District Municipality IDP Adopted 2017 2017/18- 2021/22
4.1.2 SPATIAL INTERPRETATION OF THE IDP VISION The purpose of evaluating the Vision and Mission of the Local Authority is to highlight the components of these statements that need to be spatially interpreted. The Municipality needs to be made aware of the implications of the spatial statements to allow them to prepare and evaluate a proper course of action. These spatial implications will be manifested within the Spatial Development Framework being compiled. The Current Vision of Jozini Municipality reads as follows:
A MUNICIPALITY WITH SUSTAINABLE SERVICES FOR ALL, THRIVING SOCIO- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND GOOD GOVERNANCE. The main concepts that come from the above vision are Service Delivery, Local Economic Development, and community development. These concepts are interrelated and should you achieve economic development, community development and service delivery should follow automatically. Economic initiatives and products being produced/sold, no matter where they are situated (in terms of city or province) have to have the optimum locality to provide access to the markets they target. It is therefore necessary to determine what the capabilities within the municipality is with regards to land and resources, and whether the spatial locality of the initiatives provides access to markets or not. If you lack access to markets, and proper marketing is not done, it is not feasible to produce, no matter how big the demand is. One of the objectives of the Spatial Development Framework is to determine the optimum localities for investment and economic initiatives to be located to capitalise on the comparative advantages that is offered by 127 | P a g e
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a specific location. Spatial distribution of facilities will be linked to the spatial distribution of spatial needs, but in the sense that it will be provided where a large concentration of similar needs exist to ensure cost effective provision of services. 4.1.3 SPATIAL ALIGNMENT BETWEEN DISTRICT AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT VISION The uMkhanyakude District Municipality Vision in it’s 2017/18-2021/2022 IDP reads as follows:
“A MODEL DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY IN SERVICE DELIVERY EXCELLENCE BY 2035” As a secondary sphere of government to the District Municipality, development policies of Jozini Local Municipality should be aligned to that of the district to ensure that the goals and development visions are the same. There is definite alignment between the Development Vision of the District Municipality and that of Jozini Local Municipality. The Districts development Vision is much more comprehensive than that of Jozini Municipality, but the aspects of integrated development is reflected within both development Visions. That will become evident when comparing the above Development Vision to that of Jozini, as depicted in the following section.
4.2 MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT MISSION
The Mission statement The Mission Statement defines the fundamental purpose of the municipality and is as follows:
TO STRENGTHEN DEMOCRACY, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT TO MANAGE FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF THE MUNICIPALITY EFFICIENTLY, EFFECTIVELY AND ECONOMICALLY TO GROW THE ECONOMY OF THE BEDROCK OF AGRICULTURE AND TOURISM BY CREATING A CONDUCIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR INVESTMENT Emanating from the broader development vision established in the Integrated Development Plan, the physical and spatial development vision is suggested to provide the following guidance: The future development of the Jozini Municipality will be structured such as to provide upliftment of and involvement in the economic and social development of all sectors of the community. The future development will ensure that the natural resources of the municipality, which form the basis for much of the existing and potential economic development, are appropriately protected and maintained. The above notions address the provision of services to the whole community, as well as the integration of the community which implies physical integration of the communities. Spatial planning will therefore dictate that the various towns, if possible at all, will grow towards each other. The integration of communities will in the long run ensure cost effective provision and maintenance of services. Access to all basic services requires equal provision of services without prejudice but certain considerations must be kept in mind, which relates to the issues of the Spatial Service Costs Differentiation, spatial concentration of services, and the spatial sustainability/efficiency of
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JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2019 services, which again relates to cost effectiveness of services with regards to implementation & maintenance. “Cost implications” is THE major consideration when looking at the distribution and provision of services with the emphasis on maintenance of these facilities. High development and maintenance costs combined with a very limited budget available makes it is very difficult to maintain extensive infrastructure systems that are underutilised. It might therefore be necessary to decide rationally that not everybody can have the same level of services. It must however be kept in mind that it is the municipalities’ responsibility to provide in the basic needs of the communities such as access to water, but a definite decision needs to be taken on what level of services will be implemented, and where a concentration of services will be provided to form a node where cost effective services can be provided. Poverty eradication and successful economic initiatives goes hand in hand, with the economic initiatives leading the way. It is imperative to determine what comparative advantages are presented by the area and the locality, and how to harness these opportunities. The SDF will identify the optimum localities for investment and economic development, to uplift the communities, and provide access to the global economy. The spatial development framework will contribute to the balanced physical development of the municipality by:
Establishing a spatial development structure Guiding the management of future development, Accommodating development pressures and additional investment, Maintaining and further developing the economic potential of the municipality, While protecting and integrating the natural environment of the area. 4.3 MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES To ensure the realisation of the Vision and Mission Statements, the Jozini Municipality developed certain strategies, which are linked to the five national Key Performance Areas (KPA's) which are: Basic Service Delivery; Local Economic Development (LED); Good Governance and Public Participation; Institutional Development and Transformation; and Municipal Financial Viability and Management. These KPA’s and their corresponding strategies are outlined in the table below: MUNICIPAL TRASFORMATION AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT TABLE 14 JOZINI KPA’S KPA GOAL
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MUNICIPAL Develop, Review and implement all municipal policies TRANSFORMATION annually. AND To establish effective Local Labour Forum INSTITUTIONAL To provide incentives and intervention in line with the DEVELOPMENT Retention Policy To review and Implement the Organogram Fill all vacant budgeted positions through Recruitment and Selection Eliminate ghost employees by conduction continuous physical verification Processing review of payment of salaries and benefits to staff and councillors. Implement WSP, Capacity Building and Team Building Conduct Skills Audit and develop WSP Ensure compliance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act and Compensation for Occupational injuries and diseases
Improve citizens skills level of education Ensure effective and efficient administration complying with its Legal Mandates Ensure effective fleet management system Ensure that the municipality is operational to provide basic services. Provide adequate IT security and software and hardware support.
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BASIC SERVICE Build, maintain and provide access to improved, sustainable DELIVERY and modernized infrastructure to the community Improve the reliability and service life of municipal infrastructure and facilities Develop Electricity master plan Eradicate electricity supply backlogs through provision of 10 000 house to house connections develop and implement infrastructure plan Enter into a Water Services Plan SLA with the District Municipality Develop Roads maintenance plan with Department of Transport Maintain 1000km of gravel access roads in-house To construct hall in ward 15 and Jozini town hall Construct additional office space FastTrack construction of Mkuze roads and testing ground for the compliance requirements of the act in order for the DLTC to be fully functional Sign MOU with Department of Sports and Recreation Libraries Sports facilities Construction of social facilities (Sidakeni and Mthonjeni Sport fields) Monitor that there is an increase of public infrastructure Ensure all facilities are user friendly MOU with relevant departments to consult with the relevant government departments
LOCAL ECONOMIC Create an environment that will create jobs and reduce DEVELOPMENT poverty Develop and adopt SMMEs strategy Facilitate AND SOCIAL and grow SMME’s. DEVELOPMENT Review and implement LED Strategy Promoting economic growth by successful delivery of catalytic projects Implement and co-ordinate Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) in a manner that enhances skills development and optimizes decent employment and entrepreneurship
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Promoting economic growth by providing employment opportunities for vulnerable groups. Promote local tourism Review of the tourism Strategy Ensure marketing and promotion of Jozini as the tourism destination Engage with sector departments and civil society (Conduct workshops HIV/AIDS to presented as an item in all municipal structures) Facilitate the establishment of Wards AIDS committees Establish local AIDS Council Run awareness programmes for disability Develop terms of reference Clustering of wards
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GOOD To ensure that the risk maturity of the organisation is at an GOVERNANCE AND enabled level (risk management and internal control fully PUBLIC embedded into the operations of the organisation, high PARTICIPATION level understanding of risk, effective risk management. Establish full functional Risk Management Section Development, implementation of Risk Management Policy or Strategy. Conduct risk Assessment bi-annually with implementation, monitoring and on-going review. Development of Fraud Risk Management Policy and Strategy Ensure reliable and maintain independence of Internal and External Audit. Development of Audit Charter Establish a fully Functional Internal Audit Section Develop an Internal Audit Plan Maintain a SMART Organisational Performance Management System to ensure Planning, Monitoring reporting and evaluation of municipal performance Review and Implement PMS policy annually Draft section 56/57 performance agreements Conduct Performance assessments Compilation of quarterly performance reports. Develop and approve an Organisational scorecard annually. Develop and adopt Service Delivery and Budget Implementation Plan (SDBIP) for each financial year. Develop and submit Annual Performance Report to AG BY 31 August annually Develop and submit annual report to Council by 31 January annually
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Promote a municipal governance system that enhances and embraces the system of participatory governance Development of a credible Integrated Development Plan (IDP) within a prescribed period. Co-ordinate IDP Rep Forum Meetings Conduct IDP/ Budget roadshows on draft IDP and Draft BUDGET Development of 20 Ward Based Plans. Promote and foster sound internal and external communication Develop and review communication and marketing strategy Establish communication/ editor’s forum internally. Conduct workshops to Councillors and staff. Showcase services rendered by the municipality and council accountability report (radio slots, newspaper adverts, newsletter) Community satisfaction survey in all 20 wards Enforce animal pound bylaws Licence the Waste disposal site by 30 June 2019 To promote social cohesion through sports activities Formulate and Establish Traffic bylaws and provision of safety and security Comply with Chapter 5 of the Disaster Management Act No.57 of 2000. Development of the Disaster Management Plan & Framework Establishment of Disaster Management Forum Ensure provision of fire and rescue services Provide unlimited services in the DLTC
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MUNICIPAL Develop and maintain a financial viable and sustainable FINANCIAL institution that achieves full compliance with municipal VIABILITY AND legislation MANAGEMENT Comply with legislated dates for actions to compile Budget. Drafting of business plans, proposals and motivations for additional funding of projects and programmes each financial year. Implementing stringent budgetary controls. Tabling of Draft Budget and Final budget within timeframes as legislated Full implementation of the Municipal Standard Chart of Accounts (MSCOA) Spending of grants according to stipulated conditions Development and implementation of business plans in accordance with Division of revenue act To collect 50% of monthly billing by 30th of the following month Review and the implementation of debt collection and credit control policy
Monitoring and management of deliverables of the appointed debt collector each month. Development of the revenue enhancement strategy Review credit control policy to allow proactive approach to dealing with defaulting debtors Data cleansing exercise Hosting of councillors and Management workshop on Supply chain management by 1st of July each year. Development and discussion of procurement plan with the finance portfolio committee Eradicate occurrences of irregular expenditure Eliminate fruitless expenditure. Asset maintenance plan Statutory reporting Hosting of councillors workshop on reporting templates by 1st of July each year Develop a comprehensive recovery plan that takes to clean audit by 2017/18 Financial Year.
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SPATIAL PLANNING 65 Percent of land is registered under the Ingonyama Trust AND Board. The remaining percentage of land is state and ENVIRONMENTAL privately owned MANAGEMENT To acquire 200 hectors of land for development by 2019.
Conduct a land audit to ascertain how much land does each
stake holder own and how much land can be requested from relevant bodies Create a platform for engaging with land owners i.e. State and Ingonyama Trust Review Spatial Development Framework Conduct workshop for the Municipality Formalize the first town Engagement of service provider to facilitate the formalization of towns Development of Land use management scheme (LUMS) To promote harmonious & co-ordinated land uses to achieve sustainable environment To ensure effective management of current and desirable land uses To establish a GIS Unit within the municipality To ensure that all GIS data is accessible and readily available to the municipal departments in a sustainable manner Promote usage of alternate energy sources Protection of environmentally sensitive areas Protection of Agricultural sensitive areas Develop the Building inspectorate by-laws
Promote the achievement of a non-racial, integrated society, through the development of sustainable human settlements and quality housing Review the Housing Sector Plan annually Register the municipality with NHBRC Conduct workshop on the review of the housing sector plan Engage human settlement department for the funding of the rectification project Provide housing for vulnerable groups. Provide low cost housing Provide rental housing
Source: Jozini IDP 2017/18
Some of the aspects depicted in the table above, has spatial implications that needs to be considered and are briefly discussed below.
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The Promotion of Municipal Transformation and Institutional Development, more specifically the development of planning capacity and integrated service delivery is essential to serve the communities through provision of successful and effective initiatives to eradicate poverty and boost the economy. The issues of service provision including the access to water, and expansion of water services, free sanitation, electricity, access to community facilities provision of sport fields and education facilities all relates to integrated service provision where services are provided cost effectively, at nodal localities where the highest number of lives can be improved. Access to roads will improve mobility, which will open up economic opportunities for the residents who can reach work places easier, due to the presence of public transport. It will also open economic markets that were not accessible, once again due to presence of transport. Provision of housing can be done more cost effectively in remote areas, than sewage systems can be provided for example, but this will create communities which in the long run will need sewerage systems, piped water etc, which are all dependent on high concentrations of population to make provision thereof cost effective. This once again highlights the need to identify nodal areas of investment, and encourage the movement of people to these areas where they can be provided with services and opportunities. According to policy municipal projects will only be funded when they are depicted in the IDP. This indicates that the projects underwent a thorough public participation process, and that it is aligned with the growth direction the municipality wants to take. The chances of lobbying successfully for funds increase exponentially if the local strategic documents are aligned with the Provincial Growth & Development Strategy, as well as with the National Spatial Development Perspective and municipalities should be able to source funds from provincial as well as national departments. The implementation of a land use management scheme is necessary to manage the implementation of the spatial development framework and to ensure that land rights and developments are managed properly, and comply with all legislative requirements laid down by the various developmental laws. 4.4 LONG TERM SPATIAL VISION
A Developmental integrated Municipality where resoureces are optimally allocated to ensure access to basic services, social amenities and economic opportunities are available to all.
4.5 SPLUMA SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES The municipal Development Objectives are mainly orientated and aligned to National Key performance areas (KPA’s) as indicated in paragraph 4.3 of this document. The following tables depict the strategies set out by the municipality that have aspects that can be spatially manifested. These strategies can be identified and categorised by the 5 principals indicated in the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act, 2013 (SPLUMA):
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4.5.1 SPATIAL JUSTICE Past spatial and other development imbalances are redressed through improved access to and use of land; Spatial Development Frameworks and policies at all spheres of government address the inclusion of persons and areas that were previously excluded, with an emphasis on informal settlements, former homeland areas and areas characterized by widespread poverty and deprivation; spatial planning mechanisms, including land use schemes, include provisions that enable redress in access to land and property by disadvantaged communities and persons; land use management systems are inclusive of all areas of a municipality and specifically include provisions that are flexible and appropriate for the management of disadvantaged areas, informal settlements and former homeland areas; land development procedures will include provisions that accommodate access to secure tenure and the incremental upgrading of informal areas; and where a planning tribunal considers an application before it, the planning tribunal’s exercise of discretion may not be impeded or restricted on the ground that the value of land or property is affected by the outcome of the application;
TABLE 15 SPATIAL JUSTICE PRINCIPLES APPLIED TO JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL ISSUES EFFECTS STRATEGIES
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Communities in the It is expensive and time 1. Provision, upgrading central and eastern part consuming for poor rural and maintenance of do not have easy access families to move to places key distribution routes to services and economic of employment and social and link roads to opportunities found in facilities. corridors. Jozini and other nodes. Limited employment Promotion of Clear and uneven opportunities and access 2. economic activities in distribution of employment to land results in a closer proximity to the opportunities exist downward poverty spiral. rural unemployed. between Jozini node and most of the rural areas. If community facilities Clustering of social are scattered in different 3. and community Public facilities and locations then the facilities at more services are being thresholds (number of accessible points scattered across people needed) to within rural service community areas rather promote local nodes. that grouped together at development activities access points, although and access to Promotion of private this is emerging in some opportunities is 4. sector investment in areas. decreased. rural areas within diverse economies. While economic High degrees of integration occurs to segregation between Spatial focus of resources to areas of some extent in the Town places of work and home 5. Centre, for the most part and uneven access to greatest need to economic barriers social and economic redress inequalities in continue to prevail. (E.g. activities within the total services standards very limited economic Jozini area and quality of life. investment in outer Equitable protection laying areas) and support of rights Jozini Municipality is 6. to and in land. primarily rural in Promote participatory character with expansive and accountable rural settlements spatial planning and occurring mainly along 7. land use ridge lines and major management within access routes. all
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The main defining feature 8. areas of Jozini of these settlements is Municipality. their low density, and general lack of spatial Spatial Focus of land structure. uses and resources to balance development and protect environmental services which contributes to quality of life.
4.5.2 SPATIAL SUSTAINABILITY promote land development that is within the fiscal, institutional and administrative means of the country; ensure protection of the prime and unique agricultural land, the environment and other protected lands and the safe utilisation of land; promote and stimulate the effective and equitable functioning of land markets; consider all the current and future costs to all parties for the provision of infrastructure and social services in land developments; promote land development in locations that are sustainable and limit urban sprawl; result in communities that are viable;
TABLE 16 SPATIAL SUSTAINABILITY PRINCIPLES APPLIED TO JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL ISSUES EFFECTS STRATEGIES
Insufficient maintenance of The people in outlaying 1. Protection and use existing physical rural areas have low per of natural hydrological infrastructure. capita income, which often systems. means Conservation worthy and that full services are 2. Plan service sensitive areas are being unaffordable and this leads standards in line with lost to other competing to non-payment which is economic and land uses in the majority financially unsustainable environmental affordability. of rural areas. for the municipality and the 3. Conservation and Daily rural living activities rural poor. maintenance of are contributing to Once disrepair reaches a infrastructure and localised water pollution. critical point complete resources are better than replacement. Current lack of land reconstruction is required management in rural at a greater cost. 4. Fragmented spatial structure causes rural sprawl and should be countered
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settlements, the clearing of Pollution impacts on human within parameters of rural natural vegetation, health and living conditions culture. conversion of agricultural and limits future agricultural land and inadequate storm and tourism development 5. Improved land water provisions have high potential, with implications management measures to costs for remedial and for export competitiveness, control potential conflicts mitigation actions, e.g. and health costs. are required. damage to roads and 6. Protect productive houses after heavy rains. land for agricultural purposes. 7. Identify and promote alternative infrastructure solutions within landscape of municipality. 8. Provision of cost effective services which can be maintained 9. Protection of the environment during service delivery 10. Ensure that LED projects are located where its sustainability is ensured and in areas of greatest need.
4.5.3 SPATIAL EFFICIENCY land development optimizes the use of existing resources and infrastructure; decision-making procedures are designed with a view to minimizing negative financial, social, economic or environmental impacts; and development application procedures are efficient and streamlined and time frames are adhered to by all parties;
TABLE 17 SPATIAL EFFICIENCY PRINCIPLES APPLIED TO JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL ISSUES EFFECTS STRATEGIES
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Historic and current rural land The poor condition of certain 1. Provision, upgrading use patterns outside of Jozini vital distribution routes is and maintenance of key and Mkhuze do not support costing the local rural distribution routes. the principle of efficiency. communities in terms of time and money. 2. Stimulation of Jozini and Rural Service nodes to Economic investment mainly Effective transport service is promote sufficient market in Jozini and Mkhuze hampered by road conditions thresholds. Settlements. which impacts on accessibility of opportunities 3. Phased Planning General lack of clear nodal for the rural poor. around Public Investment clustering is contributing to and bulk capacities to inefficient spatial structure. The fluctuation of ensure more cost effective subsistence agricultural developments. Lack of structured spatial production causes an economic strategy and/or increased pressure on urban 4. Promotion of coordination to guide private economic opportunities economic opportunities in investment. within Jozini and is an close proximity to residential evident poverty trap. functions (where Uncoordinated investment sustainable). and development is the 2 The location of housing nodes are ineffective and options mainly in rural areas 5. Planning alignment inefficient. means long and expensive with surrounding journeys to work and social municipalities and sector facilities. strategies, especially Umhlabuyalingana Local Economic investment occurs Municipality. on an ad hoc basis and is scattered by sporadic 6. Prioritising of opportunities. municipal investment strategies to strengthen specific unique character for Jozini and Mkhuze to prevent duplication and fruitless expenditure.
4.5.4 SPATIAL RESILIENCE Flexibility in spatial plans, policies and land use management systems is accommodated to ensure sustainable livelihoods in communities most likely to suffer the impacts of economic and environmental shocks;
TABLE 18 SPATIAL RESILIENCE PRINCIPLES APPLIED TO JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL ISSUES EFFECTS STRATEGIES
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The Jozini Community A dualistic and sometimes 1. Enhance regional aims to preserve the rural conflicting situation arises identity and unique culture and rural nature of where the preservation of character of place by the the municipality as a key the rural nature could incorporation of rural distinguishing factor and hamper economic standards in spatial way of life. development or vice versa. planning. 2. Encourage mixed land use in interaction The current predominant The lack of spatial with each other at a scale rural character often diversity negatively affects and intensity that will perpetuates a living quality, economic contribute to economic opportunity as well as a development.
monogamous, ineffective justification for public 3. Stimulation of rural economic landscape. investment. service nodes to promote sufficient mark thresholds through Public The nodes owe their Conflict between Investment planning spatial logic from environmental and 4. Support economic indigenous land allocation agricultural sensitive land activities in rural areas to practices and communal that need to be protected ensure sustainable land tenure system. and the prevalent land activities. allocation and land use models. 5. Ensure Continuation of rural livelihoods through integration with urban economic activities.
4.5.5 GOOD ADMINISTRATION All spheres of government ensure an integrated approach to land use and land development that is guided by the spatial planning and land use management systems as embodied in this Act; No government department may withhold their sector input or fail to comply with any other prescribed requirements during the preparation or amendment of Spatial Development Frameworks;
The requirements of any law relating to land development and land use are met timeously; The preparation and amendment of spatial plans, policies, land use schemes as well as procedures for development applications, to include transparent processes of citizen participation and all parties to have the opportunity to provide inputs on matters affecting them; and 143 | P a g e
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Policies, legislation and procedures must be clearly set out and inform and empower citizens
Table 18: SPLUMA principles applied to Jozini municipality
TABLE 19 GOOD ADMINISTRATION PRINCIPLES APPLIED TO JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL ISSUES EFFECTS STRATEGIES Lack of integrated Scattered housing provision 1. Ensure an Development and Public leads to settlement pattern integrated approach to Investment Strategies that cannot be serviced land use and land costeffective. development.
2. Ensure participation and buy-in from Sector Increase the cost of Departments and development and investors parastatals Slow and ineffective thus select other areas for during plan preparation processing of Development investment. and application evaluation. Applications Negative influence on 3. Prioritise and peruse security of ownership, land the formalisation and land use rights, land use ownership issues Jozini Town is not management, service regarding Jozini Town. formalised and situated on provision, investor security MyeniNtsinde Traditional and public capital 3. The requirements of Authority land. investment. any law relating to land development and land use
are met timeously 4. Spatial plans, policies, land use schemes as well as procedures for development applications, to include transparent processes of citizen participation. 5. Ensure institutional capacity for both technocrats and decision makers to guarantee adherence to legislative time frames. 6. Each application should be treated on its merits and that rational reason underpins decisions
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These challenges are crosscutting in nature and needs to be addressed within all the development sectors identified, within all of the development priorities as well as within all geographical areas of the municipality; urban as well as rural settings. Thus these three spatial challenges will form the basis of the entire Spatial Development Framework in order to achieve the municipal development vision. 4.6 SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES The following Spatial Objectives have been identified for Jozini Municipality:
Demarcate areas where development should not be allowed
Establish the Urban/Settlement Edge and identify land for infill development Ensure that Public Capital investment promote development of the Primary node and attract private investment to the area. Establish a hierarchy of nodes
Formalise emerging urban settlements
Develop rural service centres in district nodes (emerging urban settlements)
Provision and upgrading of infrastructure to address backlogs
Develop a uniform Land Use management System.
Support Land Reform Projects and Security of tenure
Promote a variety of housing typologies and densities in and around identified nodes
CHAPTER 5: DELINEATION OF THE URBAN EDGE 5.1 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT Guideline 5 from COGTA’s Provincial Planning Guidelines dated July 2009 is titled “Defining Limits on Settlement Expansion: The issue of the Urban Edge”. This Guideline will be applied to the Jozini Municipal area to define the three fundamental landscapes of the study area and to underpin the spatial development of the municipality. The three fundamental landscapes of society can be defined as: 1. Urban 2. Rural 3. Wilderness
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FIGURE 7 URBAN EDGE CONCEPT
Wilderness
Intensive Agriculture
Peri - Urban
Urban core ( High density development)
There is considerable confusion about the concept of ‘the urban edge’. In large part, this stems from the fact that, in the rhetoric surrounding the concept in policy and planning arenas, different reasons for its application are confused and conflated. There are two main concerns around which use of the concept is advocated: increasing intensification within urban cores in order to gain the benefits of densification and urban agglomeration; and The need to maintain a dynamic balance between the three fundamental landscapes of society: wilderness, rural and urban. These different concerns require two different kinds of spatial definition: the first involves the definition of a containment edge to define the limits of the urban core; The second involves determining where, and what forms, development should not be allowed beyond the containment edge. It defines three zones (peri-urban, rural and wilderness) and suggests appropriate responses to these. It then outlines a methodology by which ‘no go’ development areas should be defined.
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This section of the document is concerned with issues relating to the ‘urban edge’. It should be noted from the outset that the term ‘urban’ is not particularly useful in this context, as it is used loosely in everyday language and is not easy to define. Urban refers to function. It refers to settlements, the economic base of which is not primarily based on the primary sector, particularly agriculture. Even here, there is blurring. Parts of the economy of almost all settlements are directed towards providing some goods and services for their agricultural hinterlands. Conversely, relatively few are entirely based on this function. The term ‘urban’ is issued as a short-hand to refer to all agglomerated settlements which are not directly based on working the land. The issue of the urban edge is applicable to almost all of these. One important reason why urban edge policies have been relatively ineffective has been that the one instrument (the definition of an urban edge) has been applied to attempt to resolve a number of different problems, all valid and important in their own right, but which collectively cannot be resolved through the use of a single policy instrument. The result has been confusion about how the edge should be delineated. Without a convincing conceptual basis for delimitation, authorities have frequently been unable to withstand the pressure from developers for increased rights and change. It is undeniable that the concerns underpinning the need for urban edge definition are valid and that the definition of an urban edge is important. This document seeks to provide guidelines to strengthen the definition and use of the policy instrument. It does not seek to replace judgment and thought by absolute rules, for judgment will always be required. Land owners have the right to apply for increased land-use rights on any land parcel. It is a legal requirement that their applications be treated with administrative fairness. This, in turn, requires that each application be treated on its merits and that rational reason underpins decisions. This document seeks to provide a basis for arguing a logical position, and to outline a method through which local and provincial authorities can engage in a process of edge definition. 5.2 CONCERNS COMMONLY UNDERPINNING URBAN EDGE POLICIES 5.2.1 ERADICATING SPRAWL AND PROMOTING URBAN COMPACTION It is a common cause that sprawl is a major problem facing most South African settlements, formal and informal, large and small. Inter alia, it has the following consequences: It results in the extensive destruction of agricultural and wilderness land and places of high amenity; It results in very low densities which make the delivery of viable and efficient public transportation virtually impossible;
It is extremely inefficient in terms of the use of utility services; It results in the inadequate provision of social and commercial facilities, since thresholds are too low to create acceptable levels of provision;
It results in places which are extremely expensive and inconvenient in which to live; It actively militates against the creation of small-scale economic activity, because of a lack of vibrant local markets;
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It makes the co-ordination of point and line services difficult; It aggravates key societal problems of poverty, inequality and unemployment, since it is frequently the poor who are differentially affected and who often live on the outskirts of these settlements. Given these consequences, there is a powerful case to be made for combating urban sprawl vigorously. In the case of South Africa, it is a matter of the utmost urgency. A recent United Nations Habitat Report (October, 2008) listed South African towns and cities as the most inefficient in the world. From an urban edge perspective, however, two interrelated, but different sets of issues underpin these problems: 5.2.1.1 ACHIEVING DYNAMIC BALANCE BETWEEN THE LANDSCAPES OF SOCIETY A feature of settlement formation and growth is that this balance is being destroyed: the urban is seen as the dynamic element and it spreads out like a cancer, devouring all rural and wilderness landscapes in its path. One of the greatest planning challenges in South Africa is to reverse this mind-set: to view rural and wilderness landscapes as the positive dimensions and to allow these to inform the pattern and path of lateral urban growth. 5.2.1.2 ACHIEVING GREATER URBAN EFFICIENCIES The second issue relating to the control of sprawl is to increase settlement density. This requires restrictions on the lateral expansion of settlements in order to promote inward urban development and densification. The lateral expansion of settlements cannot be prevented entirely or in perpetuity. The consequences of a policy which put a restriction on lateral expansion in all directions will be: Short term: a) increased land speculation, b) slowed rates of land release and c) inevitable increases in land prices (with highly negative social consequences); and, Longer term: a) An inevitable breach of the cordon, in non-predictable and potentially negative ways. The task therefore, becomes one of defining paths of least damaging (in ecological and landscape terms) possible future urban expansion. Further, edge policies may be necessary to increase densities, but they are not sufficient. Policies of encouraging higher density infill programmes on un-and under-developed sites, particularly in structurally significant locations, are also necessary. 5.2.2 PROTECTING IMPORTANT ELEMENTS WITHIN URBAN SETTLEMENTS These include cultural and heritage landscapes, as well as important ecological areas, within the containment boundary. This implies that responsible urban management requires not one boundary but a family of firm boundary lines, of decreasing hierarchical significance, within the settlement itself. 5.2.3 PROMOTING SMALL-SCALE AGRICULTURE In the face of high levels of unemployment and poverty and, for many, inadequate access to food, it is clearly sensible in South Africa to promote small farmer programmes vigorously.
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Two factors make the issue of small farmer promotion particularly pertinent in South Africa at this time. a) Food security. Internationally, an increasing number of people have inadequate access to food, in the face of globally manipulated market forces. The call for local food production to combat this, and thus to increase security, is growing rapidly. b) National land restitution and redistribution policies based on small-farmer programmes. It is becoming increasingly clear that these programmes cannot succeed if they are located in the deep periphery, away from necessary support. In particular, easy and cheap access to the markets represented by agglomerated settlements is essential. The history of agriculture in South Africa abounds with examples of small farmers involuntary going out of business because of burgeoning sprawl and thin local markets. The successful introduction of small farmer programmes therefore demands a permanent, proximate relationship (a fixed edge) between dense urban markets and small producers. 5.2.4 MANAGING URBAN WASTES A repeating problem in the management of settlements is the treatment of urban wastes, such as sewage and solid wastes. Frequently, facilities for this have two characteristics: They are space extensive; they need large parcels of land;
They are noxious or, at least, nuisance-creating. The traditional management way of dealing with these has been to place them beyond the (then) urban fringe on geologically suitable sites. In the face of rampant urban sprawl, urban development soon overtakes them, with two profoundly negative consequences: they create a lasting nuisance for the new settlement areas which are proximate to them; and they are massively destructive of the fine grain of the surrounding settlement – they create obstacles or barriers which interfere with the structural logic of any new settlement. These problems can be resolved if there is a permanently fixed containment edge, behind which these bulk services can be located. 5.2.5 ISSUES OF SUSTAINABILITY AND RECYCLING Related to this is the issue of, recycling wastes productively, as far as is possible. Of particular importance in a water-scarce country such as South Africa is the location of sewerage plants. In a dry region such as Kwa-Zulu- Natal, sewerage treatment plants are potential generators of large amounts of (irrigable), partially treated wastes. The challenge is to recycle waste water to potentially productive agricultural land at a cost which makes recycling viable. Again, for this to occur there needs to be a fixed-edge between productive land and urban markets, behind which bulk sewerage works can be located. 5.2.6 CO-ORDINATION OF LINE AND POINT BULK SERVICES TO ACHIEVE EFFICIENCIES International precedent shows that the positive impact of line and point services is greatly enhanced when they are co-ordinated. For example, the developmental potential of the provision of water to a site is much greater if that site also has power. Similarly, the impact of a new regional hospital is massively reduced if it has neither water nor power. Despite this, there is little service co-ordination in South Africa at this time. Services are supplied by different providers who largely react to new demands: they occur outside of any plan for settlement expansion. Yet, potentially, the provision of services (the ‘hidden land of the capital
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web’) has enormous power to attract and direct development, and control over service capacities is a potentially powerful instrument of settlement control. For service co-ordination to occur there must be a clear vision of where development should be promoted and where it should not: there must be the definition of clear urban edges which define paths of possible future expansion. 5.2.7 AVOIDING HAZARDS An argument that is increasingly heard in favour of the definition of urban edges is the prevention of the spread of hazards, particularly fire and floods. This is receiving growing attention since the recent tragic events in Australia in 2009. In these instances, ‘edge’ is seen as a buffer or protective device at the interface between potential sources of hazard and settlement.
5.3 SYNTHESIS This approach to planning reverses the common planning and management practice of trying to determine where development should go: rather it focuses on the question of where development definitely should not go. The answer to this is largely informationally and settlement structurally driven. The discussion on reasons for defining limits to development suggests that it is useful to consider development potential zonally. Four zones, with each zone ‘buffering’ the next, suggest themselves: I. An urban core within the demarcation line: Within this, high intensity development should be encouraged, in order to promote the benefits which can (with good design) result from this (1). II. A peri-urban zone. This is a zone adjacent to the urban core, within which there is a gradual intensification of agriculture. Some development can occur within this zone, but subject to stringent conditions. 1) It must ensure the continuing dominance of agriculture. By definition, the form of development must be that of ‘beads’ – small pockets which are integrated with existing regional or sub-regional movement infrastructure. 2) Within the zone, intensification of agriculture in response to the influence of proximate urban markets should be allowed. 3) New development must be structurally appropriate – it must respond to historic patterns of movement and settlement. 4) The form of development must be appropriate: it must reflect qualities of homestead and village – not suburbia. 5) It must respect the dictates of the natural and cultural landscape. 6) It must bring with it public benefits. III. An intensive agricultural zone. No development should occur within this, except in special cases related to agricultural activity or providing access to wilderness areas (for example, eco-tourist based). Here development should only occur in small pockets which conform to the principles of the ‘agricultural superblock (see below) – settlements which reinforce historical patterns of regional movement. IV. Wilderness. No permanent development should be allowed within this zone.
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5.4 GUIDELINES FOR DELINEATING THE URBAN CONTAINMENT EDGE 5.4.1 GUIDELINES FOR DELINEATING THE URBAN CONTAINMENT EDGE There is no ‘scientific’ way of defining these containment edges: they require strong administrative actions to defend them. A number of factors contribute to the delineation of the line. The delineation needs to be informed by important characteristics of the natural environment. A useful tool is to compile a map identifying composite natural resources and character - contributing elements in the settlement region. Wherever possible, the edge definition should co-inside with natural barriers (water courses, steep slopes, vegetation of significance and so on). Since the central purpose of these edges is to compact urban development in order to achieve greater urban efficiencies, to be effective the line should be drawn as close to the edge of the existing built-up area as possible. The line should be defensible in terms of the logic of the internal structure of the existing settlement. As a rule of thumb, the line should not be more than 1.5 kilometers – a reasonable walking distance – from the closest point or line of more intensive urban activities (places of work, retailing and community facilities.) A number of points need to be made about the process of delimitation. Firstly, the defining edge should not be continuous. By omission, it should define paths of future lateral spread which, in turn, allow for a rational pattern of future government spending on utility and social infrastructure. As a general principle new urban development should occur on the worst land in terms of agricultural productivity and amenity: urban development should be used to improve the total landscape. Secondly, within these paths of future lateral expansion, sprawl should be strongly discouraged. Development should not be suburban but should take more urban, higher density forms. Further, ‘leap-frog’ sprawl should be discouraged. As far as is possible, new development should be contiguous with the existing built edge. Thirdly, the definition of edges should not follow existing cadastral boundaries. It should form a strong geometric edge. Straight, not wavy, lines should be encouraged. Fourthly, the edge should be made physically, not just administratively determined. Buildings should occur hard against the edge and open-ended street networks, which encourage further lateral spread, should be disallowed. Fifthly, wherever appropriate, the edge should be reinforced through the creation of firebreaks and more intensive forms of agriculture which should be encouraged to occur hard against the edge. 5.5 GUIDELINES FOR DEFINING WHERE DEVELOPMENT SHOULD NOT GO 5.5.1 PRINCIPLES Four central principles should guide this determination: Avoid locating new built development on land of medium to high agricultural and amenity value; 151 | P a g e
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Avoid fragmentation of rural and wilderness landscapes; Avoid fragmentation, or a scatter of ‘pockets’, of development: ensure that new development responds to, and reinforces, the logic of regional and sub-regional infrastructure (the principle of ‘structural reinforcement’);
Maintain the dominance of agricultural and wilderness landscapes outside of the urban cores. All four of these are central to the important landscape and heritage principle of authenticity, which, in turn, underpins all landscapes of quality. International precedent shows that in all landscapes of quality, there is an identifiable logic to the locational pattern of settlements. Settlement does not take the form of random pockets: it follows a structural logic which is strongly informed by the nature of (particularly) movement (the pattern of access) and other forms of sub-regional infrastructure which logically follow movement. The methodology which is necessary to define these zones where development should not go involves a number of steps. The collation of relevant information by appropriate information category; The overlay of the different layers, to produce, a map of composite informants and constraints; The translation of this product into a map showing ‘no-go’, ‘tread lightly’ and ‘possible development’ parcels; Super-imposition of the settlement and movement structural logic to determine which of the ‘possible’ development areas should be allowed.
A number of different settlement forms occur within Kwa-Zulu Natal including: Mixed-use towns and cities, both large and small;
Rural hamlets;
Spontaneous (frequently informal) settlements, both urban and rural;
Historical apartheid settlements with little or no economic function;
Settlements developed through customary systems. The way of thinking, and the approach, outlined here are applicable in some form to all these settlement forms. At the heart of the issue are four central principles: (i) Settlement systems should be authentic (in the sense that they have a clear purpose and an economic base which is responsive to that purpose).The South African landscape (including that of Kwa-Zulu Natal) is peppered with settlements which are not authentic – which have been brought into being purely for ideological or political reasons. As a general rule, no new development should be encouraged in relation to these. (ii) The need to determine where development should not go (on the grounds of the
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characteristics of both natural and cultural landscapes). Every settlement must determine this for the land under its jurisdiction. Without this, there can be no rational planning or management of either urban or rural areas. (iii) The need to apply rigorously the principle of structural reinforcement. All new development must contribute to a reinforcing system which brings benefit to those already on the landscape New development cannot be randomly scattered, according to the selfinterest of a limited number of people. This lies at the heart of the planning and management of rural and urban areas. (iv) The need to promote settlement compaction in order to achieve urban efficiencies and economies of agglomeration. This is clearly more applicable in the case of larger urban settlements than small rural ones. Nevertheless, the requirement to use land efficiently and wisely lies at the heart of sustainable approaches to settlement-formation. 5.6 CONCLUSION The guidelines outlined here argue that the definition of ‘the urban edge’ in fact requires demarcations of two very different kinds: An inner edge or containment: The purpose of this is to achieve greater urban efficiencies and, to this end, it must be accompanied by urban infill programmes concentrating primarily on structurally significant locations. The delineation of this edge is determined by internal structural considerations relating to the existing settlement itself. The definition of where development should not go. This is necessary to maintain a synergistic balance between wilderness, rural and urban landscapes. The logic of this edge definition derives from two sources.
• Substantive information relating to natural systems, issues of heritage and the cultural landscape and historical settlement and infrastructural investment patterns. • The logic of existing regional and sub-regional infrastructure, particularly in the form of existing patterns of settlement and movement. Within these delineation forms, all other concerns underpinning the arguments for ‘an urban edge’ can be accommodated. The protection of important elements within settlements;
The promotion of small-scale agriculture;
The responsible management of bulk infrastructure;
Issues of sustainability and re-cycling; The co-ordination of and point bulk services and the achievement of future urban efficiencies; Control over hazards, such as fire.
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MAP 37 JOZINI URBAN EDGE
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MAP 38 MKHUZE URBAN EDGE
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CHAPTER 6: SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT 6.1 INTENDED FUTURE LAND USES 6.1.1 CONSERVATION/ ECO-TOURISM/ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ZONES It is critical for the development of a sustainable Spatial Development Framework to identify environmentally sensitive areas in order to direct and manage intensive development away from such areas. The Jozini Spatial Development Framework considers both formally registered conservation areas as well as additional potential/future conservation worthy areas. Areas of environmental concern include the following: Wetlands and watercourses, Areas prone to soil erosion, steep slopes, archaeological sites and tourism assets Rural Settlement with no adequate water and sanitation are also of big concern. In general the following areas were identified as future conservation areas. All formally registered Nature Reserves)
Areas identified as of environmental significance by KZNWildlife.
ESA (Ecological Support Areas) CBA Irreplaceable areas CBA Optimal Areas Landscape Corridor Critical Linkage All river and stream areas, Wetlands & Dams in excess of 1 Ha with a 30m buffer around the boundary.
Riverine buffer areas. A conceptual buffer of 30m from centreline was utilised.
Selected slope areas that is intersected by rivers.
Indigenous forests. The resulting analysis identifies various riverine areas distributed throughout the municipality. Although not many formal protected areas exist the following areas have been identified by the Jozini IDP as significant environmental conservation areas. Interesting to note is the high number of wetlands located in the northern area of the Municipality which is situated within the highest value agricultural land. Although wetlands need to be protected, it is an indication of the availability of water which could be used for irrigation schemes, or at least effective small scale cultivation. The subsistence farming patterns coincides with the locality of the wetlands. Very few conservation orientated projects could be sourced from the IDP and other sector reports. These projects have been depicted in the table below.
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TABLE 20 CONSERVATION ORIENTATED PROJECTS PROJECT NAME PROJECT DESCRIPTION PROJECT STATUS Eradication of Invasive Alien Species Environmental Education KZN Ndumo-Tembe This is a DEA EPIP-funded “People & project Park” project, which would include construction of a Construction of 5 x Sleeper Staff Accommodation at Ndumo Nature Reserve; 5 x Sleeper Staff Accommodation at Tembe Elephant Park, and construction of Abattoir . The project will be implemented by KZN Ezemvelo Wildlife Facilitate the IWMP development/review Develop wetland inventory for JLM and Delineate priority wetlands and conduct functionality assessments
Promote the development of alternative energy, including renewable energy technologies
Adopt 32 metres buffer area from boundary of regulated area of major watercourses for strict regulation of development. Implementation through
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adequate provisions in the municipal LUMS.
There are a number of people already living within the newly identified Environmental Management Zones, due to their need for water. The intention is not to force people from these areas, but to make them aware of the dangers of living close to rivers, which includes flood risks, and the risk to contaminate water which leads to cholera. Due to the previous mentioned, national laws restrict occupation of land closer than 30m from rivers and other water sources, and therefore the Municipality cannot condone any future development within 30m of any water source.
6.1.2 AGRICULTURAL AREAS The objective is to identify and to distinguish between cultivated land (commercial and subsistence) as well as high Potential Agricultural Land, which gives input into the identification of future expansion of agricultural activities. Agriculture is the primary sector in the municipal area with relation to job creation and as the economic base of the area. This means that the municipality needs to support the sector and in collaboration with the department of Agricultural and Environmental Affairs create circumstances to protect the land and promote value adding to the products of the area. The Municipality’s Economic Development Strategy identified agricultural opportunities in the Municipality. This provides opportunities for expanding of agro processing facilities as well as beneficiation opportunities to be explored. The parameters used to determine the best potential agricultural land: High Potential Agricultural Land of areas larger than 20 Ha,
Good Potential Agricultural Land of areas larger than 20 Ha,
Intensive and Extensive Agricultural Activities larger than 20 Ha,
Cultivated land larger than 20 Ha,
Rainfall higher than 500 mm per annum
The criteria of 20Ha were used, as the Department of Agriculture does not consider anything less than 20 ha as a viable unit. Subdivisions less than 20Ha will therefore not be allowed. The 2015 Department of Agriculture Guideline identifies the following types of Agricultural land: IRREPLACEABLE – very high potential agricultural land should be retained exclusively for agricultural use. THREATENED - high potential agricultural land, retaining land within this Category for predominantly agricultural use PRIMARY AGRICULTURAL - moderate agricultural potential, Preference given to land uses which will enhance the viability of the farming enterprise. SECONDARY AGRICULTURAL - low agricultural potential, requires significant interventions to enable sustainable agricultural production
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MIXED LAND USE - limited to very low potential for agricultural production, Cultivation within this land category is severely limited, grazing value will be poor TABLE 21 DEVELOPMENT ON AGRICULTURAL LAND NEEDS STRATEGIES INTERVENTIONS 1. Capitalise on Facilitate rural economic Packaging of feasibility studies Agricultural development through the promotion and business plans LED opportunities of SMME’s, creating opportunities for initiatives small scale farmers and through the Staging Awareness campaigns development and Co-ordinating an on “1 home, 1 garden” concept Integrated Poverty to promote subsistence Alleviation Program farming Implement UNSRDP (“Ukuzakha Nokuzenzela Sustainable Rural Development Programme) Food Security Project Provide ploughing assistance to local small scale farmers for subsistence use Goat Farming Project Vegetable Production Poultry rearing Fresh water Fish farm
2. Unleashing To develop and implement an Develop Agriculture Agricultural agricultural sector plan Potential Analysis/Strategy Potential
3. Promote and Facilitate the training and use of the Training and education on support Agric available irrigation infrastructure to irrigation farming Irrigation ensure the contribution towards food Protect high value agriculture Scheme security and optimal utilisation of the land for food security and Projects available resources by both small economic beneficiation scale and commercial farming Promote security of tenure and operations. ownership of high potential agricultural land
TABLE 22 AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS PROJECT FUNDING AGENT Makhathini Youth farming Small Business Development Vezithanga Agriculture Small Business Development Umpheme Poultry Broilers Small Business Development
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Ingenzeka Small Business Development
It is important to take into consideration that one of the leading sugar cane producers in the world (Senekal Farms) is situated in Jozini Municipality contributing to optimal utilisation of scarce resources, food security and the sustainable provision of job opportunities in the area. The operation is also in the process of contributing to sustainable energy production by means of the bio-mass electricity generating facility that is in the process of development.
6.1.3 INFILL AREAS Jozini Municipality identified an urban edge as part of this SDF which has been clearly defined and need to be taken further through the municipality’s Land Use Management Scheme (LUMS) process. The urban edge facilitates a planned environment while protecting the natural environment so as to promote sustainable development. The urban edge intends to ensure that ad hoc development will not have a negative impact on planned development. Further, it facilitates the efficient delivery of services and infrastructure. It is proposed that future urban uses are contained within the existing urban areas and development first seeks to densify and infill the existing urban areas. This will support the Public Investment programme and ensure the highest benefit and most people serviced with the available funding. Urban Sprawl and the concomitant high cost of service delivery and public investment should be discouraged intensely in Jozini Municipality. The land use management scheme is not adopted as yet, and the concept urban edge needs to be incorporated into the final adoption of the LUMS by the municipality.
6.1.4 RESIDENTIAL AREAS Various areas have been earmarked for Urban Infill through the identification of developable land with the following characteristics: Land that is Unoccupied;
Land that is not cultivated or used for any agricultural purposes; Land that is classified as high environmental value, (refer paragraph 6.1.1) should enjoy protection. This is mitigated by only earmarking land adjacent to existing residential areas. Land larger than 25ha (accommodate 100 families) Situated adjacent to existing residential areas.
Land with slopes of less than 1:3
Land close to infrastructure and services The most significant areas for infill are situated in the identified Urban Edge areas, specifically the available area within the Mkuze Urban Edge. Various other settlements have potential for expansion as far as land potential is concerned. It must be kept in mind that although the land potential allows for residential expansion, infill development and compact residential areas is preferable over wide expanding residential areas.
This allows for more cost effective implementation of infrastructure and optimum use of Public Investment. The goals of compact residential areas and urban infill developments are to promote sustainable, functional and integrated settlement patterns in order to: Discourage low density urban sprawl; 161 | P a g e
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Generate social and economic opportunities for people; and
Promote easy accessibility to opportunities. In turn it also has an effect on maximizing resources efficiency through: Ensuring the protection of the available environmental resources within a municipality;
Protection of productive land for agricultural purposes; As indicated above, only land in excess of 25ha is identified for residential development in areas outside the urban Edge. The Department of Human Settlement will seldom, if ever, fund projects less than 100 units. Traditional standards for erf sizes are ±2,500m² which is large enough to accommodate the traditional extended families and concomitant activities. These portions of land also need to be situated in close proximity to current settlements with existing infrastructure, or in an area where the new development will create densities in the existing settlement which will justify the sustainable provision of services. PROJECT NUMBER OF STATUS IMPLEMENTING BENEFICIARIES AGENT Ndumo CRU’s KwaJobe Rural Housing 800 units Construction Phase 2 Jozini CRU’s Mkhuze CRU’s KwaNgwenya 600 units Construction Almost Complete Ndumo Housing Project 1000 units Planning Jozini Ward 5 Housing 1000 units Planning Siqakatha Housing Project 1000 units Feasibility Mhlekazi & Mkhuze 800 units Feasibility Zineshe & Gujini 800 units Feasibility Hlalanathi & Mamfene 800 units Feasibility Maphaya & Madinyane 800 units Feasibility Msiyane & Nondabuya 800 units Feasibility Ophondweni & Emziyeni 800 units Feasibility Nyamane & Machobeni 800 units Feasibility Shemula & Makhanisi 800 units Feasibility Mbadleni & Ndumu 800 units Feasibility Manyiseni & Nkungwini 800 units Feasibility
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KwaNsinde 600 units Construction Almost Complete KwaMathenjwa 1000 units Construction Almost Complete KwaMngomezulu 800 units Construction Almost Complete Source: Jozini IDP 2017/18
The list of housing projects from the IDP is comprehensive but seemingly without a development strategy and not in a way that will ensure maximum benefit from public capital investment. The Municipality need to develop in a structured way to ensure the most beneficial settlement and development pattern for the municipality, which will promote investment opportunities and create the concomitant economic benefits for the residents.
6.1.5 DEVELOPMENT AREA REQUIREMENTS FOR EXPANSION The purpose of this section is to depict the land requirements for residential expansion over a 5 year period until the following review of the SDF. The process followed involves the rudimentary calculation of area required per rural household (dwelling) at the average density per household for existing land area occupation (0.306 ha / household) and multiplying this figure with the estimated additional household growth per year. 6.2 DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS The major structuring element for determining the existing and future concentration of development, activity and investment in the Jozini Municipality consists of an access and movement hierarchy that has been established through the major internal and external national and provincial linkages. In rural, provincial and national contexts, corridors range in scale depending on function and categorisation of the transportation route that forms the basis of the corridor. Corridors carry the flows of people and trade into and around the nodes connected through the corridor. These flows of people and trade make a corridor function, and should form an integral part of the corridor planning and development processes. The key advantage of a corridor as a spatial structuring element, and tool for economic growth, is that is has the potential to link areas of higher thresholds (levels of support) and economic potential, with those that have insufficient thresholds. This allows areas that are poorly serviced to be linked to areas of opportunity and benefit with higher thresholds.
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MAP 39 NODES AND CORRIDORS
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6.2.1 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR The Primary Transport Corridor for Jozini is the provincial road R22 (P522) that links the N2 with Jozini and onwards to Manguzi in the Umhlabuyalingana Municipality and the Mozambique Border. This corridor forms the spine of access for goods and services in Jozini Municipality and is the major link to the rest of the district, province and country. 6.2.2 SECONDARY DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR The primary focus of these corridors is to link places of economic opportunity with places of residence. Development can be encouraged at appropriate locations along these corridors. Secondary Corridors in the Municipal area are as follows:
1. D850 This route links Jozini to Ingwavuma and provides access through the central part of the municipal area. The route runs parallel to the primary corridor but due to the topography of the area provides an important link to the western part of the municipality. P449 2. P449 – P444 – P447 Shopping Centre This corridor links Jozini with the N22 and Mbazwane/Sodwana Bay. There is already development taking place due to the access provided by this corridor and the topography of Jozini town that make development expensive and difficult in the limited space available. A prime example is the Jozini Shopping Centre and new developments in it’s vicinity that leads to process where the commercial heart of the municipality is moving steadily towards this locality. This is an area where shortend procesesses as indicated in Section 21 (l)(ii) of SPLUMA must seriously be considered by the municipality.
1. P435 This corridor is of significance due to the linkage between the primary P522 corridor linking Jozini town with Ndumo. Ndumo is an area of vast capital investment and concomitant development where the P435 provide the primary access to Ndumo. Interventions envisaged in this area relate to:
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Tarring of roads which will provide transport services access to the remote regions, and open up additional economic opportunity in opening the areas. Accessibility is of key importance. Developing a localised Corridor Development Strategies which will focus on spatial structure, infrastructure provision and attracting both public and private sector investment.
Ensure multimodal transport integration occurs along these roads at key points. 6.2.3 TERTIARY DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS Tertiary corridors link areas and lower order settlements within the municipality to the secondary and tertiary nodes. These are generally slower moving corridors in terms of social interaction and economic activities. The following routes in Jozini fulfil the role of Tertiary Corridors: 1. P2-8 This is a link road parallel to the N2, linking Mkhuze to D463 in the southern part of the municipality.
2. P236 Linking the P2-9 with uBombo and eventually Jozini and the Primary and Secondary corridors at Jozini town. 3. D1836 This corridor is primarily an access corridor for the area situated between the Regional Corridor and the Pongola floodplain. I provide a link between Jozini town and the P522. 4. D1840 This corridor links the P522 to Ndumo and provides access to the north central and north western parts of the municipality right up to both the Mozambique and Swaziland borders.
6.2.4 LOWER ORDER CORRIDORS These corridors ensure linkages between settlements and serve as strategic areas for the location of public facilities and webs of settlement. They are not demarcated on the maps as there are a large number of such access routes, which do not provide vital strategic information, or require to be strategically evaluated within this spatial development framework. 6.2.5 AGRICULTURAL CORRIDORS The purpose of these corridors is to provide the agricultural sector with access to higher order roads and eventually to markets for the agricultural products. Public interventions envisaged in this area relate to: Establishing / Expanding Agro-Processing facilities: Additional income generating opportunities are needed within areas of economic need. Agro processing, especially within an area situated on an agricultural corridor provides the potential for additional income. Agro Processing entails the turning of primary agricultural products into other commodities for market thus, beneficiation of primary agricultural commodities.
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Expansion of trade opportunities – formal and informal The following routes in Jozini can be described as agricultural corridors:
1. D1887 in the southern section of the municipality where there are commercial farming activities.
2. D240 and D464 which provide access to the south western part of the municipality
6.3 SERVICE CENTRE AND ACTIVITY NODES A hierarchical system of nodes is proposed, based on existing levels and patterns of development, and the distribution of future development and transport linkages, to ensure optimum accessibility to goods and services through equitable distribution. The various nodes are distinguished in terms of whether they are: Existing and to be maintained at that level
Existing at a lower level and to be extended and consolidated into a higher level node Jozini and Mkuze are identified as Rural Service Centres in terms of the Provincial SDF but both fulfils the role of primary node for service delivery and availability of facilities in the municipal area. Jozini is the commercial road of the municipality where Mkuze is the administrative node. This dual node exists primarily due to their locality and the differences in topography and land ownership mechanisms of the two. It is however foreseen that the Jozini node will over time become more and more the primary node where Mkuze will fulfil an intermediately function on the level between the primary and more rural secondary nodes.
The economy of Jozini Municipality, as is the case with most rural municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal, operates on a marginalized economic level, and cannot be compared to larger municipal areas with large population numbers, and stronger more vibrant economies. The exception is the commercial sugar cane and game farms in the southern part of the municipal area that is the primary contributor to the economy and job opportunities in the municipality.
The classification of nodes as indicated in the following table is therefore applicable only to the Jozini Municipal Area and the different order nodes cannot necessarily be compared with similar classified nodes of the adjacent municipalities.
TABLE 23 CLASSIFICATION ON NODES PRIMARY SECONDARY MUNICIPAL TERTIARY MUNICIPAL MUNICIPAL NODE NODE/RURAL SERVICE NODE/RSC SATELLITE CENTER Mkhuze Ingwavuma Ophansi Jozini uBombo Manyiseni Bhambanana Makwakwa Ndumo Emabhanoyini (Nondabuya)
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Rural Settlement Clusters have been identified as an indication of large groupings of population. Limited services are provided at these locations, which should be serviced through the Tertiary/RSC Satellite Nodes. The sections below propose a number of facilities to be provided according to the standards as highlighted in 6.4 Standards for Provision of Services. Conceptual localities have been marked for all proposed facilities to depict the broad area where the facility should be provided. Specific sites must still be obtained through negotiations with land owners, and according to principles which allows for maximum accessibility to the community. 6.3.1 PRIMARY MUNICIPAL NODES 6.3.1.1 Jozini Jozini town is the main nodal area and the most developed settlement in Jozini Local Municipality, and as such is the Primary Node within the municipality. This is the main centre of the local municipality, serving generally a radius of 25 km with most services and activities required at the local municipality level. This is the point with the highest accessibility within the municipality and provides accessibility on regular basis via public transport to the rural hinterland. It serves as the main activity node for commercial and local administrative activities. In order to service the large population concentration, development efforts are focused on economic development & service provision, job creation, government services and provision of basic services. The focus of Public Capital Investment in the primary node to strengthen the node by means of attracting higher order activities is recommended. The locality of the town in terms of the Jozini Dam and the topography dictates the future extension and growth of the town. The major limitation to expansion is the existing road through the town which is highly congested and due to the topography it will be exceedingly difficult to build a bypass or broaden the existing road. According to the 2011 Census the following is applicable: Households: 899 Population: 2 267 Average Household size: 2.5
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MAP 40 PRIMARY NODE, JOZINI
Map 41 Jozini Urban Design Framework Map
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The following initiatives should be supported in the node: Public Capital Investment Plan to ensure that investment will lead to sustainable long term development of the node and efficient public and private service delivery for the residents of Jozini Local Municipality
Detailed local plan to update and review the 2010 Urban Design Framework
Shortened land use management procedures
Adoption of a Town Planning Scheme
Industrial development based on the agro-economy
Commercial development
Decentralization point for local administration of provincial and local government services
Higher order social and commercial services
Housing development
As the primary node in the municipal area the table depicts the status of Jozini Town. TABLE 24 JOZINI FACILITIES EXISTING FACILITIES NO. PLANNED FACILITIES PROPOSED NO. FACILITIES Pre-School ? Municipal Buildings Secondary School 1 Upgrade
Primary School 1 Tertiary Education (FET) 1 Secondary School 1 Fire Station 1 Education Centre 1 Emergency Service 1 Facility Clinic 1 ABET/Training Centre 1 Police Station 1 Post Office 1 Civic Centre ? Post Boxes 1 Pension Pay Point 1 Hospital 1 Sport Field 1 Civic Centre 1 Bus Service on Regular 1 Old Age Home 1 basis Taxi rank and/or Bus Depot ? Sport Complex 1 Library ?
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6.3.1.2 MKHUZE The Mkhuze node is situated in the southern part of the municipality and is well suited for future expansion and development. The node enjoys very good access due to the proximity of the N2, the railway through town and the airfield at the town. The area’s topography is also such that the node can easily be developed. The 2017 IDP indicates that there is an influx of major services such as offices, residential development and commercial uses has led to Mkuze being the major investment node within the area of Jozini Municipality. According to the 2011 Census the following is applicable: Households: 2 064
Population: 4 414
Average Household size: 2
MAP 42 PRIMARY NODE, MKHUZE
TABLE 25 MKHUZE FACILITIES EXISTING FACILITIES NO. PLANNED FACILITIES PROPOSED NO. FACILITIES Pre-School TBC Municipal Buildings Secondary School Upgrade
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Primary School TBC Sport Facilities Tertiary Education (FET)
Secondary School TBC Market Stalls Fire Station 1 Combined School 1 Community Safety 1 Centre Sport Complex 1 Community health Centre Emergency Service 1 Facility Clinic 1 Taxi Rank / Bus Centre 1 Police Station 1 Post Office 1 Civic Centre TBC Post Boxes 1
Pension Pay Point TBC Pre -School 1 Sport Field 1 Sport Bus Service on Regular TBC basis Library TBC
6.3.2 SECONDARY NODES 6.3.2.1 INGWAVUMA Ingwavuma is one of the identified secondary nodes in Jozini Municipality. It is located on the western side of the municipality in ward 14.
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M AP 43 S ECONDARY N ODE, I NGWAVUMA
T ABLE 26 I NGWAVUMA F ACILITIES EXISTING FACILITIES NO. PLANNED FACILITIES PROPOSED NO. FACILITIES Pre-School TBC Municipal Buildings Secondary School - Upgrade Primary School 1 Sport Facilities Tertiary Education (FET) - Secondary School 1 Market Stalls Fire Station - Library 1 Community health Centre Emergency Service 1 Facility Clinic 1 ABET/Training Centre - Hospital 1 Post Boxes Police Station 1 Post Office 1
Pension Pay Point 1 Pre-School 1 Sport Field 1 Bus Service on Regular 1 basis Taxi rank and/or Bus Depot 1
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Ingwavuma has a registered General Plan and town layout but due to continuing difficulty of transfer of the land from the KZN Department of Human Settlements to the Municipality no transfer of individual properties can take place.
6.3.2.2 BHAMBANANA MAP 44 SECONDARY NODE, BHAMBANANA
EXISTING FACILITIES NO. PLANNED FACILITIES PROPOSED NO. FACILITIES Pre-School 1 Municipal Buildings Secondary School - Upgrade Primary School 2 Sport Facilities Tertiary Education (FET) - Secondary School 1 Market Stalls Fire Station - Education Centre 1 Community health Centre Emergency Service 1 Facility Clinic 1 ABET/Training Centre 1 Police Station Post Office 1 Civic Centre Post Boxes 1
Pension Pay Point 1 Sport Field
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Bus Service on Regular 1 basis Taxi rank and/or Bus Depot 1 Library 1
6.3.2.3 NDUMO
MAP 45 SECONDARY NODE, NDUMO
EXISTING FACILITIES NO. PLANNED FACILITIES PROPOSED NO. FACILITIES Pre-School TBC Municipal Buildings Secondary School Upgrade Primary School TBC Sport Facilities Tertiary Education (FET)
Secondary School TBC Market Stalls Fire Station Education Centre TBC Community health Centre Emergency Service Facility Clinic TBC ABET/Training Centre
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Police Station TBC Post Office Civic Centre TBC Post Boxes Pension Pay Point TBC
Sport Field TBC Bus Service on Regular TBC basis Taxi rank and/or Bus Depot TBC Library TBC
6.3.2.4 UBOMBO
MAP 46 SECONDARY MODE, UBOMBO
EXISTING FACILITIES NO. PLANNED FACILITIES PROPOSED NO. FACILITIES Pre-School TBC Municipal Buildings Secondary School Upgrade 177 | P a g e
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Primary School TBC Sport Facilities Tertiary Education (FET)
Secondary School TBC Market Stalls Fire Station Education Centre TBC Community health Centre Emergency Service Facility Clinic TBC ABET/Training Centre Police Station TBC Post Office Civic Centre TBC Post Boxes Pension Pay Point TBC
Sport Field TBC Bus Service on Regular TBC basis Taxi rank and/or Bus Depot TBC Library TBC 6.3.3 TERTIARY NODES 6.3.3.1 MAKWAKWA The Makwakwa tertiary node is situated in the northern part of Jozini in Ward 13. MAP 47 TERTIARY NODE, MAKWAKWA
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EXISTING NO. PLANNED PROPOSED FACILITIES NO. FACILITIES FACILITIES Clinic TBC Roads upgrading Post Boxes 1 Primary School 1 Housing Pension Pay Point 1 Sport Field 1 Bus Service on Regular basis Secondary School TBC Taxi rank and/or Bus Depot
Community Hall TBC Pre-School/Crèche 1
Clinic 1
6.3.3.2 NONDABUYA (EMABHANOYINI) Nondabuya settlement is located in Ward 19 in the jurisdictive area of Jozini Municipality. It is situated in the centre of the municipality. MAP 48 TERTIARY NODE, NONDABUYA
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Secondary School TBC Taxi rank and/or Bus Depot Community Hall TBC Pre-School/Crèche
6.3.3.3 Manyiseni
MAP 49 TERTIARY NODE, MANYISENI
EXISTING NO. PLANNED PROPOSED FACILITIES NO. FACILITIES FACILITIES Clinic TBC Roads upgrading Post Boxes 1 Primary School 1 Housing Pension Pay Point 1 Sport Field 1 Library Bus Service on Regular basis 1
Secondary School 1 Taxi rank and/or Bus Depot 1 Community Hall 1 Pre-School/Crèche 1
6.3.3.4 OPHANSI
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MAP 50 TERTIARY NODE, OPHANSI
EXISTING NO. PLANNED PROPOSED FACILITIES NO. FACILITIES FACILITIES Clinic TBC Roads upgrading Post Boxes Primary School TBC Housing Pension Pay Point Sport Field TBC Bus Service on Regular basis Secondary School TBC Taxi rank and/or Bus Depot Community Hall TBC Pre-School/Crèche
6.4 GUIDELINE FOR PLANNING FACILITIES This table was assembled to highlight the number of facilities in each node and point out where which facilities are needed, agreeing with the standards as set out in the Guidelines for Planning of Facilities in KwaZulu-Natal. There are 186 502 people in Jozini Municipality according to the census done in 2011; the number of facilities needed is calculated consequently with the number of people living in each node. The 181 | P a g e
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SDF evaluate the facilities in the total municipal area and provide recommendations on the facilities to be provided at the identified nodes. It is recommended that the municipality source funding to complete an Infrastructure Development Plan with specific detail investigations into the provision of all facilities.
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TABLE 27 PROPOSED FACILITIES
Threshold Standards Total Additional Facilities Facility (1 facility/nr. of Access Standard Facilities Facilities provided people) required proposed
Education 2 267 1,303 1,220 5,631
Pre-School (incl Crèche & day Walking distance 37 no data no data 1 1 1 2 care) Primary School 3 000 1.5 km/20 min travel 62 108 0
Secondary School 6 000 5km/walking Distance 31 41 0
ABET/ Training Centre Need Combined with other 1 0 1 1 community facilities Tertiary Education (excluding 100 000 2 0 2 1 1 University) Library 50 000 Access via Public Transport 4 4 0 1 0 1
Health
Clinic 5 000 Access via Public Transport 37 18 19
Clinic Mobile 9
Hospital 50 000 Within nodal Area close to 4 2 2 1 1 Major Public Transport Route Safety and Security facilities
Magistrate Court 1/Town Within Primary Node 1 1 0
Fire Station 60 000 High access routes 3 0 3 1 1 1
Emergency services facility 25 000 High access routes 7 0 7 1 1 1 1 1 1
Community safety centre 200 000 Nodal Area 1 0 1 1
Police Station 50 000 Within accessible nodal 4 3 1 1 areas Traditional Court Authority 5 5 0
Mobile Police Station 25 000 Need no data TBC
Social
Orphanage 200 000 Within accessible nodal 1 3 0 areas Civic Centre 1 Within Primary Node 1 0 1 1
Thusong Centre 1 Within accessible nodal 0 1 0 areas Community Hall 20 000 Within accessible nodal 9 41 0 areas Old Age Home 1/town Within Primary Node 1 0 0 1
Pension Pay Point Need 30 min Travel No Data No Data
Post Office 11 000 1 km/20 min walking 17 0 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 distance Post Boxes 16 500 500m 10 min walking 11 no data 11 distance Traditional Admin Center Authority 5 5 0
Sport and Recreation
Sport complex (Swimming pool) 50 000 Nodes 4 1 3 1 1 1
Sport Field 12 000 Clustered with Schools 15 19 0
Transport
Bus Service on Regular basis 1/Node Nodes 5
Taxi rank and/or Bus Depot 1/Node Nodes 6 2 4 1 1 1 1
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CHATPER 7: GUIDELINES FOR THE LUMS A Spatial development framework forms part of a larger Land Use Management System, which consist of a number of components which includes the following: Spatial Development Framework Land Use (Planning) Schemes Rates database Cadastral and property (registration) database Valuation system Information regarding the provision of infrastructural services Property ownership and tenure Environmental management system Transportation management system Information system GIS The purpose of a Spatial Development Framework (SDF) is to inform the development of a Land use Management Scheme. The SDF provides best-use scenarios for use of land, and it is the function of the Land Use Management Scheme to regulate these land uses. An SDF therefore does not change the rights of properties but gives guidance and direction for growth of a municipality. It is however necessary to align the Land Use Management Scheme with the Spatial Development Framework to ensure that the objectives of the SDF are met. Where the SDF provides direction for expansion of specific land uses or the restriction of development within other areas, the purposes of Land Use Management Scheme is to manage the use of the land in order to ensure a healthy living environment, where the environment is safe to live in. It is also necessary to provide social amenities (including social facilities, and services) to ensure a convenient living environment. Through evaluation of conservation resources the SDF also addresses the efficient utilisation of scarce natural resources. According to COGTA’s Guidelines a Land Use management Scheme should address the following aspects: a. Land Use Zones (Based on land uses identified within the SDF) b. Statements of Intent for use Zones c. Management Areas and Management Plans required for applicable areas of the land use scheme, together with such Land Use Matrices as may be required to identify the land uses permitted or prohibited. d. Development Control Templates with permissions, conditions, limitations or exemptions, subject to which such developments may be permitted. e. Definition of Terminology f. Procedures regarding application, consent, appeal, etc.
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g. Land Use Scheme Maps, Management Area Overlays and Management Plans to spatially depict the land use rights. The guideline indicates that to process to develop a LUMS can be as follows: TABLE 28 GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING A LUMS STEPS ACTIONS OUTCOME
1. What is the • Develop an information system that Functioning institutional functions efficiently, both internally and Planning Unit capacity for externally to the organization. preparing a • Establish and or confirm a planning section land use / spatial planning unit in your organisation. scheme? • Appoint staff in the unit / or consultants taking into consideration the empowerment of the municipality.
2. What is the Conduct the information audit to get an indication A clear picture status quo the of owing: of information within a foll No. of TPS, R293 and Amakhosi areas gaps and the Municipality? → included in the Municipality; level of Clarity and accuracy of tenure, cadastral consultation and mapping information. required. → Existing sectoral plans and policy guidelines. → (Transportation, environment, housing, etc.). → Financial resources and budgeting. → Identify the level of community consultation required (Consultation Plan). 3. What type of a → Prepare a Strategic Land use Framework An agreement Land Use which will include the following: on the type of a Scheme (LUS) → Strategic issues identified in the IDP and its Land Use do you need? SDF. Scheme that the Municipality
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→ Identify pressure points (areas needing wishes to urgent attention). prepare. → Identify the LUS level for various parts of the municipality (Elementary, primary, comprehensive or rural level). Decide on the type of Land Use Scheme → you prefer by doing either or a combination of the following: Translate the existing zones into a LUS without a review or consolidation. → Partially translate, consolidate or align different schemes and extend such → schemes to areas where there is no land use management. Undertake a detailed review of zones, land uses and controls in all current schemes with a view to creating a single scheme. →
4. How to → Council resolves to prepare a LUS in A Municipal prepare a accordance with a new LUMS using Land use Land Use appropriate legislation (once available). Scheme Scheme? Address information gaps (if necessary). comprising of a → Formulation of the Statement of Intent Plan, a Land → (SOI) for large or special areas of the LUS Use Table based on the objectives of the municipal (Matrix) and a IDP. table of → Identify the zones, districts and appropriate development development control. control (Land Use Template)
5. What is the → Circulate the LUS for public comments An approved Road to within a legislated time period. Land Use Approval of → Amend the LUS by incorporating the Scheme to the LUMS? received public comments. guide Table the LUS (reports and maps) to land use → Council and Amakhosi or a structure management comprising of the two for final approval. within a Submission to COGTA for comments and municipal area. → or assessment.
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The following matrix is advised to be implemented in die Land Use Scheme for protection of valuable Environmental and Agricultural land. See Annexure A Attached
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CHAPTER 8: ALIGNMENT OF SPATIAL PLANS Jozini Local municipality falls within the area of the uMkhanyakude District Municipality and it shares boundaries with four local municipalities namely: a) Big 5 Hlabisa Local Municipality b) uPhongolo Local Municipality c) Nongoma Local Municipality d) Umhlabuyalingana Municipality
8.1 UMKHANYAKUDE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY SDF
TABLE 29 ALIGNMENT WITH UMKHANYAKUDE MUNICIPALITY SDF ALIGNMENT ALIGNMENT STATUS INDICATOR Development The road north of Mkuze from the N2 up the pass over the Lebombo mountains to Corridors Jozini, through to the T-junction at Bhambanana then east to join the MR439 at Phelendaba. The road linking Jozini and Mbazwana through Ntshongwe.
Cross Boundary N/A as Jozini falls within the uMkhanyakude District Municipality. Influences
Cross Boundary N/A as Jozini falls within the uMkhanyakude District Municipality. Corporation
Potential N/A as Jozini falls within the uMkhanyakude District Municipality. conflicting issues
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M AP 51 UMKHANYAKUDE DISTRICT SDF
8.2 BIG 5 HLABISA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY
TABLE 30 ALIGNMENT WITH BIG 5 HLABISA MUNICIPALITY SDF ALIGNMENT ALIGNMENT STATUS INDICATOR Development Jozini is connected to Big 5 Hlabisa municipality to the south via the N2. This is Corridors primarily being used as a transport route from Gauteng and Mpumalanga to the north coast. There is also a provincial road, P 2- 8, which connect from Mkhuze to Big 5 Hlabisa.
Cross Boundary Limited Influences
Cross Boundary The SDF of Jozini identifies Biodiversity Conservation Areas along the N2 Corporation connecting to uPhongolo municipality. These areas provide opportunity for cross boundary co-operation. Jozini dam forms part of uPhongolo and Jozini Municipalities respectively and tourism attraction can provide opportunities for both these municipalities. Potential None apparent between the 2 SDF’s. conflicting issues
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MAP 52 HLABISA MUNICIPALITY SDF
MAP 53 BIG FIVE FALSE BAY MUNICIPALITY SDF
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8.3 UPHONGOLO LOCAL MUNICIPLAITY
TABLE 31 ALIGNMENT WITH UPHONGOLO MUNICIPALITY SDF ALIGNMENT ALIGNMENT STATUS INDICATOR Development The N2, which in both uPhongolo and Jozini SDF is been identified as a primary Corridors corridor, connects Jozini to uPhongolo to the North. This route does not only serve as a regional connection between uPhongolo and Jozini Local Municipalities, but is identified as a national and provincial movement route between Gauteng, Mpumalanga and KZN North Coast due to harbor facilities in Richards Bay. It can further be noted that a railway route connect the municipalities right through to the northern coast of KwaZulu-Natal. Cross Boundary A few settlements in the jurisdictive area of uPhongolo, such as Candover and Influences Nkonkoni, may end up interacting with Mkhuze, as a more accessible service centre than Pongola, due to travel distance. This dependency might have implications for threshold facilities and services in Mkhuze.
Cross Boundary The SDF of Jozini identifies Biodiversity Conservation Areas along the N2 Corporation connecting to uPhongolo municipality. These areas provide opportunity for cross boundary co-operation. Jozini dam forms part of uPhongolo and Jozini Municipalities respectively and tourism attraction can provide opportunities for both these municipalities. The existing unlicensed landfill site at Mkhuze is used by both uPhongolo and Jozini Local Municipality. Potential None apparent between the 2 SDF’s. conflicting issues
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MAP 54 UPHONGOLO MUNICIPALITY SDF
8.4 NONGOMA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY
TABLE 32 ALIGNMENT WITH NONGOMA MUNICIPALITY SDF ALIGNMENT ALIGNMENT STATUS INDICATOR Development Nongoma SDF indicates the P234 as a secondary route towards Mkhuze. It is Corridors believed that this route serves as an important regional distribution link between Jozini and Nongoma.
Cross Boundary The scattered nature of the settlements within Nongoma Municipality may result in Influences an interaction of residents in the north eastern portions of the Nongoma with Mkhuze, as a more accessible service centre than Nongoma, due to travel distance. This dependency might have implications for threshold facilities and services in Mkhuze. Cross Boundary The indicated game reserves and high biodiversity value areas within the Jozini Corporation SDF corresponds with the Environmental Management areas indicated within the Nongoma SDF and provides an opportunity for cross boundary co-operation. The maintenance of the entire length of the P234 road between Nongoma and Mkhuze needs to be coordinated between these two municipalities.
Potential None apparent between the 2 SDF’s. conflicting issues
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MAP 55 NONGOMA MUNICIPALITY SDF
8.5 UMHLABUYALINGANA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY
TABLE 33 ALIGNMENT WITH UMHLABUYALINGANA MUNICIPALITY SDF ALIGNMENT ALIGNMENT STATUS INDICATOR Development The Primary Transport Corridor for Jozini is the provincial road R22 (P522) that links Corridors the N2 with Jozini and onwards to Manguzi in the Umhlabuyalingana Municipality and the Mozambique Border.
Cross Boundary The development of the Ndumo node may extend it’s hinterland to provide services Influences to the population in the western part of Umhlabuyalingana municipality and the development at Lulwane on the Umhlabuyalingana side of the Phongolo river may provide services to the scattered population on the Jozini side of the river. Cross Boundary The planning of potential development and capital investment along the R22 need to Corporation be undertaken as a cooperative management task between the two municipalities.
Potential None apparent between the 2 SDF’s. conflicting issues
M AP 56 UMHLABUYALINGANA MUNICIPALITY SDF
NOT AVAILABLE
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CHAPTER 9: IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING The SDF, in effect is the spatial representation of the municipality’s Integrated Development Plan (IDP). The SDF and its implementation are crucial to the development of the municipal area and its communities. Through the IDP, the SDF will influence budgeting and resource allocation and specific interventions will be measured through the performance management system. Practical implementation of the SDF will be achieved through the further detailed planning of special development areas and the Jozini Land Use Management System, currently being formulated. The Spatial Development Framework needs to contribute in a meaningful manner towards the spatial restructuring and development within the municipality, and it is therefore vital to address key implementation aspects related to the SDF and spatial planning in general. The SDF needs to reflect the IDP strategies and projects in a spatial framework. The assessment of current capital investment target areas to assess the level of compliance to the findings and intentions of the SDF as well as to identify any gaps or needs for additional expenditure in order to achieve the desire spatial structure. The SDF also need to address further planning highlight issues where more details are required. The strategic nature of the SDF always identifies key intervention areas which might require more detailed investigation and/ or planning and this should be addressed as a vital part of direct implementation of the SDF. This will also include some guidelines for the municipality’s land use management system. 9.1. RESOURCE TARGETING Determining the capital investment framework for a municipality is primarily the function of the IDP and /or associated Financial Plan to be illustrated spatially within the SDF of the municipality. Jozini Municipality’s IDP includes the Capital Investment Framework and states the following: “A Capital Investment Framework (CIF) was developed as part of the Financial Plan demonstrating the relationship between what resources is required to meet the challenges as per mandate and the actual budget implications, incorporating the respective MTEF’s of the Provincial Sector Departments in an attempt to set the framework for capital investment. It is clear that the need by far over exceeds the resource allocation, as well as the ability of the Jozini Municipality to fulfill its mandate through the allocation of own resources, hence its dependency on external grant funding to deliver services. In an effort to record these projects, existing GIS data and topographical maps were used to locate projects with place reference as accurately as possible per type of project. The result is a map of planned capital projects illustrated overleaf. Although it is evident that the planned projects are clustered within the most densely populated and needed areas generally in line with the proposed SDF, it is currently not possible to determine the amount of capital required to implement these projects which would ideally assist in determining planned investment per area and/or availability of capital required over specific financial years. However the map does provide an indication of the spatial concentration of the planned capital projects within the various wards and intervention areas. This furthermore allows for the identification of potential additional planning and capital projects to be identified towards the implementation of future spatial structure of the municipality as listed on the overleaf:
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TABLE 34 JOZINI MUNICIPALITY CAPITAL INVESTMENT WARD TYPE TYPE2 SPATIAL NAME LOCALITY BUDGET FUNDING TIMEFRAME COMMENT GIS_ID
1 Infrastructure Community Hall Yes Nhlonhlela community hall Nhlonhlela R 4 000 2018/19 18 000.00 1 Infrastructure Electricity Yes Manyoni/ Mhlekazi Electrification Manyoni/ Mhlekazi ESKOM 2017/18 41
1 Infrastructure Electricity Map Fakude Electrification Fakude ESKOM 2018/19 52
1 Infrastructure Housing Map Mhlekazi Mhlekazi Human 78 Settlements
1 Infrastructure Roads Yes D2374 - Betterment & Regravel Transport 2017/18 124
1 Infrastructure Roads Yes L1191 - Betterment & Regravel Transport 2017/18 125
1 Infrastructure Roads Map D464 - Betterment & Regravel Transport 2017/18 126
2 Infrastructure Community Hall Yes KwaQhoqhoqho hall KwaQhoqhoqho R 3 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 14 2 Infrastructure Electricity Yes Majozini/Manqonjwana Electrification Majozini/Manqonjwana R 1 500 INEG 2017/18 33 000.00 2 Infrastructure Electricity Yes Ubombo Electrification Ubombo ESKOM 2017/18 38
2 Infrastructure Electricity Yes Nkangala Electrification (289) Nkangala ESKOM 2017/18 39
2 Infrastructure Health Map Construction of Paediatric ward at Bethesda Bethesda Hospital Health 63 Hospital 2 Infrastructure Health Yes Construction of Gateway Clinic at Bethesda Bethesda Hospital Health 64 Hospital 2 Infrastructure Housing NO Maphaya&Madinyane Maphaya&Madinyane Human 84 Settlements
2 Infrastructure Roads Yes D1823 - Betterment & Regravel Transport 2017/18 123
2 Infrastructure Sports Fields Yes Ubombo Sports Field Ubombo R 4 000 000.00 2019/20 108
3 Infrastructure Community Hall NO Nhlangano community hall Nhlangano R 5 000 000.00 2019/20 21
3 Infrastructure Electricity Yes KwaJobe Electrification KwaJobe R 6 000 000.00 INEG 2017/18 29
3 Infrastructure Housing Yes KwaJobe Rural Housing KwaJobe Human 70
Settlements
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3 Infrastructure Housing Map Zineshe Zineshe Human 80
Settlements 4 Infrastructure Electricity Yes Gujini Electrification Gujini ESKOM 2017/18 35
4 Infrastructure Electricity Yes Iliphalethu Electrification Iliphalethu ESKOM 2017/18 36
4 Infrastructure Electricity Yes Ezinyokeni Electrification Ezinyokeni ESKOM 2018/19 53
4 Infrastructure Electricity NO Ekuveleni Electrification Ekuveleni ESKOM 2018/19 54
4 Infrastructure Housing NO KwaJobe Rural Housing KwaJobe Human 71 Settlements
Gujini Human 81
Settlements
Sibonokuhle R 3 000 000.00 2018/19 107
Jozini Human 76
Settlements Hlalanathi&Mamfene Human 82
Settlements
Sinethezekile R 5 000 000. 00 2019/20 109
Ndumane R 5 000 2018/19 9 000.00 Mamfene ESKOM 2017/18 40
Biva ESKOM 2018/19 57
Siqakatha Human 77
Settlements Hlalanathi&Mamfene Human 83 Settlements
R 6 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 8
Machibini R 2 500 000 MIG 2017/18 15
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Jozini Human 72 Settlements Maphaya&Madinyane Human 85
Settlements Mangayini Transport 2017/18 114
R 10 854 850.00 MIG 2018/19 –
2019/20 147
Ezinhlalavini R 4 500 000.00 2018/19 10
Mpondweni ESKOM 2018/19 56
Jozini Health 68
Msiyane&Nondabuya Human 86
Settlements Mpondwana Transport 2017/18 116
Mtshakela/Ekulingeni R 4 549 000.00 2018/19 11
Ekwaliweni ESKOM 2017/18 45
Bhekindoda ESKOM 2017/18 46
Lumbe ESKOM 2018/19 55
Ophondweni&Emziyeni Human 88 Settlements
R 4 000 000.00 2018/19 17
R 1 500 000.00 INEG 2017/18 31
ESKOM 2017/18 47
ESKOM 2017/18 51
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Human 89 Settlements
ESKOM 2017/18 49
ESKOM 2018/19 60
Human 90 Settlements
Transport 2017/18 119
R 3 000 000.00 2018/19 106
R 6 000 000.00 2019/20 22
ESKOM 2017/18 34
Human 92
Settlements Transport 2017/18 115
R 4 000 000.00 2018/19 112
R 208 2019/20 12 000.00 ESKOM 2017/18 43
Human 93
Settlements
R 7 000 000.00 2019/20 24
R 3 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 13
R 1 500 000.00 INEG 2017/18 32
ESKOM 2018/19 58
Health 66
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Human 91
Settlements Arts & 99
Culture Transport 2017/18 118
R 9 000 000.00 2017/18 – 148 2019/20 R 1 500 000.00 MIG 2017/18 104
14 Infrastructure Water Map Ingwavuma Water reticulation R 19 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 – 132 2019/20
15 Infrastructure Centre Yes Manyiseni Youth Centre Manyiseni R 4 000 000.00 2018/19 113
15 Infrastructure Electricity Yes Ekuhlehleni Electrification Ekuhlehleni ESKOM 2017/18 50
15 Infrastructure Electricity Yes Manyiseni Electrification Manyiseni ESKOM 2018/19 61
15 Infrastructure Housing Yes Manyiseni&Nkungwini Manyiseni&Nkungwini Human 96
Settlements 15 Infrastructure Buildings Yes Manyiseni Library Manyiseni Arts & 100 Culture
15 Infrastructure Roads Map D1912 - Betterment & Regravel (Appr. Position) Transport 2017/18 121
15 Infrastructure Roads Map D1912 - Betterment & Regravel (Appr. Position) Transport 2017/18 122
16 Infrastructure Health Yes Ndumo Clinic Upgrade Ndumo Health 67
16 Infrastructure Community Hall Yes Magwangu community hall (only Sports field) Magwangu R 5 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 16
16 Infrastructure Community Hall Yes Ndumo community hall Ndumo R 5 000 000.00 2019/20 20
16 Infrastructure Education Yes MandlaMthethwa Comprehensive School R 4 221 000.00 Public 2017/18 25 Works
16 Infrastructure Education Map Ndumo Model School Ndumo Public 101
Works 16 Infrastructure Electricity Yes NdumoElectification Ndumo ESKOM 2017/18 42
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16 Infrastructure Housing Yes Ndumo CRU’s Ndumo Human 69
Settlements 16 Infrastructure Housing Yes Ndumo Housing Project Ndumo Human 74
Settlements 16 Infrastructure Housing Map Ndumo Housing Project Ndumo Human 75
Settlements 16 Infrastructure Housing Map Mbadleni&Ndumu (Appr. Position) Mbadleni&Ndumu Human 94
Settlements 16 Infrastructure Buildings Yes Ndumo Library Ndumo Arts & 98 Culture 17 Infrastructure Community Hall Yes Madeya community hall Madeya R 5 000 2019/20 23 000.00 17 Infrastructure Electricity Yes Embadleni Electrification Embadleni ESKOM 2017/18 44
17 Infrastructure Electricity Yes Madeya Electrification Madeya ESKOM 2017/18 48
17 Infrastructure Housing Yes Mbadleni&Ndumu Mbadleni&Ndumu Human 95 Settlements 17 Infrastructure Sports Fields NO Munywana Sports field Munywana R 3 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 105
18 Infrastructure Electricity Yes Ward 18 Electrification R 4 500 000.00 INEG 2017/18 30
18 Infrastructure Electricity Yes Dinabanye Electrification Dinabanye ESKOM 2018/19 59
18 Infrastructure Housing Yes Manyiseni&Nkungwini Manyiseni&Nkungwini Human 97 Settlements
Transport 2017/18 120
Oshabeni/Nyathini R 3 000 000.00 2019/20 111
Kwaphaweni R 4 000 000.00 2018/19 19
Msiyane&Nondabuya Human 87
Settlements Transport 2017/18 117
Entire Municipality R 6 000 MIG 2017/18 103 000.00
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Ophansi ESKOM 2017/18 37
Ntshanini ESKOM 2018/19 62
Mkhuze Human 73
Settlements Mkhuze Human 79 Settlements
R 8 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 – 143 2019/20
Ophansi R 4 000 000.00 2019/20 110
R 18 500 000.00 MIG 2017/18 – 139 2018/19
Small 2017/18 Business Development 4
R 500 000.00 2017/18 Agricultural 1 Projects identified R 2 000 000.00 2017/18 Agricultural 2 Projects identified R 24 111 275.00 2017/18 Agricultural 3 Projects identified Small 2017/18
Business 7 Development Umpheme Small 2017/18 Business 6 Development
Vezithanga Small
Business 5 Development Entire Municipality R 7 956 063.00 MIG 2017/18 102
R 7 355 000.00 Coega 2017/18 Development 26 Corporation
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Coega
Development 27 Corporation
Infrastructure Education NO Zimele Secondary School Coega
Development 28 Corporation Infrastructure Health NO Makhatini Clinic Renovations Makhatini Health 65
Infrastructure Sanitation NO Ingwavuma Waterborne Sanitation R 18 000 000.00 MIG 2018/19 – 142 2019/20 Infrastructure Sanitation NO Refurbishments of Manguzi wastewater R 8 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 – 144
treatment works?????? 2019/20 Infrastructure Sanitation NO Jozini Dry Sanitation (VIP Toilets) R 21 000 000.00 MIG 2018/19 – 145
2019/20 Infrastructure Sanitation NO Jozini Low Cost housing sewer upgrade R 35 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 146
Infrastructure Sanitation NO Refurbishment & Upgrades of WWTW and R 15 000 000.00 2017/18 149 Sewer Networks Infrastructure Sanitation NO Thembalethu Sanitation R 16 560 550.00 2017/18 – 150 2019/20 Infrastructure Water NO Jozini regional CWSS R 14 000 000.00 2017/18 – 127
2018/19 Infrastructure Water NO KwaJobe Community Water Scheme R 26 000 000.00 2017/18 – 128
2018/19 Infrastructure Water NO Shemula Water Upgrade R 39 000 000.00 2017/18 – 129 2018/19
Infrastructure Water NO Refurbishment of Ubombo Water Scheme R 9 561 400.00 MIG 2017/18 – 130
2019/20 Infrastructure Water NO Rehabilitation of existing Shemula Scheme R 18 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 – 131
Reticulation 2019/20 Infrastructure Water NO KwaJobe Water Reticulation R 10 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 – 133
2019/20 Infrastructure Water NO Siting, Drilling, testing, refurbishment, R 10 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 – maintenance and equipping of boreholes, 2019/20 134 reticulation and distribution in Jozini LM Infrastructure Water NO Greater Ingwavuma Community Water Supply R 12 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 – 135
Scheme 2019/20 Infrastructure Water NO Mhlekazi Community Water Scheme R 12 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 – 136
2019/20 Infrastructure Water NO Refurbishment of Jozini reticulation R 7 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 – 137
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Infrastructure Water NO Mjindi Water Supply Scheme refurbsihment R 8 000 000.00 MIG 2017/18 – 138
2019/20 Infrastructure Water NO Refurbishment of Nondabuya Water Supply R 5 000 000.00 MIG 2019/20 140 scheme Infrastructure Water NO Ingwavuma Interim Water Supply R 5 000 000.00 WSIG 2017/18 141
Source: Jozini IDP 2017/18
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MAP 57 CAPITAL INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK MAP 58 JOZINI COMPOSITE SDF
JOZINI MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2019
CHAPTER 10: CONCLUSION The SDF presented in this report gives spatial expression to Jozini Municipality’s service delivery and development agenda, and clarifies and directs development and management activities in the Municipality’s urban and rural areas. The document identified the future spatial development and capital investment nodes for the municipality as well as strategies to ensure sustainable development of the municipal area over time. The document is aligned with the national, provincial and district legislative and policy documents. The matrix attached as Annexure A will provide a secure means to identify the use of land in terms of agricultural and environmental prescriptions and assist with the eventual wall- to-wall or singular LUMS of the municipality. To conclude the E-Plan team will like to express their gratitude to the people involved in the compilation of this document with specific reference to Mr. Zithuta of COGTA and Mr. Myeni of Jozini Municipality.
ENQUIRIES / KEY CONTACTS:
MR. SIBONISO MYENI: MANAGER: DEVELOPMENT PLANNING SERVICES Department: Planning & Economic Development Services
Jozini Municipality | Circle Street, Bottom Town | Jozini | 3969 | Mobile: +27 82 892 7682| Tel: +27 35 572 1292 Email: [email protected]; [email protected] www.jozini.gov.za
END!!!!!