Land north of Sycamore Close Endmoor KendalCumbria
Archaeological Evaluation
Report No Y481/20
Author: Dan Waterfall BA
CFA ARCHAEOLOGY LTD
Clayton Works Business Centre Midland Road Leeds LS10 2RJ
Tel: 0113 271 6060
email: [email protected] web: www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk
Author Daniel Waterfall BA Illustrator Rachel Kershaw MA PCIOfA Approver Mark Bell BA ACIfA Commissioned by Orion Heritage Ltd Date issued 11 September 2020 Version 1.0 OASIS Reference cfaarcha1-402230 Grid Ref. SD 54056 85446 This document has been prepared in accordance with CFA Archaeology Ltd quality procedures.
Land north of Sycamore Close Endmoor Kendal Cumbria
Archaeological Evaluation
Report No. Y481/20
SYCA/Y481/20 1 CFA CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. WORKING METHODS 5 3. RESULTS 7 4. DISCUSSION 9 5. CONCLUSION 11 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 11 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY 12
Appendices 1: Context Summary
Tables 2.1: Inventory of Primary Archive 3.1: Trench summaries
Figures Fig. 1: Site location and trench layout Fig. 2: Trench layout overlaid on historic mapping Figs 3.1 - 3.2: Trenches 6 and 7, plans and section. Fig. 4.1 View looking west across site towards higher ground to the west. Fig. 4.2: Supervised excavation of evaluation trench 7, looking south. Fig. 4.3: Machine excavation of Trench 4, looking south. Fig. 4.4: Waterlogged conditions at the centre of Trench 6, looking north-east. Fig. 4.5: Trench 1, looking south (two 1m scales). Fig. 4.6: Trench 2, looking east (two 1m scales). Fig. 4.7: Trench 3, looking east (two 1m scales). Fig. 4.8: Trench 4, looking south (two 1m scales). Fig. 4.9: Trench 5, looking west (two 1m scales). Fig. 4.10: Trench 6, looking west (two 1m scales). Fig. 4.11: Trench 7, looking north (two 1m scales). Fig. 4.12: Trench 8, looking south-west (two 1m scales). Fig. 4.13: Trench 9, looking north-east (two 1m scales). Fig. 4.14: Trench 7, deposits in west facing section, looking north east (2m scale). Fig. 4.15: View across flooded part of site, looking east. Fig. 4.16: Machine excavation at Trench 5, looking north.
SYCA/Y481/20 2 CFA SUMMARY
An archaeological evaluation was carried out by CFA Archaeology Ltd on agricultural land at the north edge of Endmoor, a small village near Kendal, Cumbria. Nine trenches were excavated across the proposed site of a new housing development in order to evaluate potential surviving archaeological deposits and features. The evaluation did not identify any archaeological features or finds. Anomalies highlighted by a geophysical survey were identified as being of natural or modern origin. No evidence was observed for a feature which had previously been identified as a platform of medieval date. The suggested interpretation was most likely due to modern dumps of material, laid down in order to reclaim an area of a low lying boggy ground.
1. INTRODUCTION
This report presents the results of an archaeological evaluation undertaken by CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) between February and August 2020 on agricultural land at Endmoor, near Kendal, Cumbria (Fig.1, NGR SD 54056 85446). The work was commissioned by Orion Heritage Ltd (Orion) on behalf of Story Homes Ltd and was carried out in accordance with a written scheme of investigation (WSI) produced by Orion (2018). The archaeological works were carried out in advance of the proposed construction of a residential development comprising 103 dwellings and associated infrastructure on a greenfield site.
1.1 Site Location and Description
The site is on the north side of Endmoor, a village located 6 miles to the south of Kendal, Cumbria. The site comprised a broadly rectangular area of agricultural pasture of 16 acres, bordered to the west by the A65 and to the north by further grazing pasture. The eastern and southern boundaries to site are formed by the rear gardens to residential properties accessed from Gatebeck Road and Sycamore Close respectively.
The western end of the site, at c. 90m above Ordnance Datum (AOD) featured broad, low hummocks, dropping to a subtly undulating terrain across the centre of site. Towards the east end of the site, the land drops sharply over a brow at c. 85m AOD, down into the valley of the Peasey Beck, where the end of the easternmost evaluation trench was at 70m AOD.
The bedrock geology is fine grained sandstone belonging to the Kirkby Moor Formation, a sedimentary bedrock formed in the Silurian period when the local environment was dominated by rivers. Overlying this are superficial Devensian glacial deposits of clay, silt, sand and gravel laid down by the action of ice and meltwater up to 2 million years ago period in the Quaternary period when the local environment was dominated by ice age conditions (BGS 2020).
1.2 Archaeological and Historical Background
The Archaeological Desk Based Assessment (DBA) for the site (Orion 2017) contains a detailed study of the site and its surrounding area. No evidence for activity or
SYCA/Y481/20 3 CFA monuments belonging to the prehistoric, Roman or post-medieval periods is known for the site; the only record held in the Cumbria Historic Environment Record which lies within the site is of a square enclosure or platform, thought to be of medieval date.
The origins of Endmoor as a settlement are unknown. Although the village is not recorded in the Domesday Survey of 1086, Preston Richard (possibly sited approximately 1km to the south-west of Endmoor) is recorded as a medium sized settlement, indicating occupation of the area in the 11th century. Richard de Preston was given license to impark 500 acres for a deer park in 1368, and documentary evidence indicates that Old Hall Park, located at Preston Richard indicates the presence of a medieval deer park in the vicinity of Endmoor. Through the medieval period, it is considered that the site probably lay within a rural landscape surrounding the centre of Endmoor.
During the 19th and 20th centuries, activity at the nearby Gatebeck Gunpowder Works, which operated from 1852 through to 1937, enlarged the population of Endmoor, which fluctuated from 161 residents in 1871, to 356 in 1891, to 300 residents in 1911.
1.3 Previous Archaeological Work
A geophysical survey of the site was carried out by Sumo Survey (Orion 2018). The results of a magnetometer survey detected remains of ridge and furrow ploughing in the far north-west corner of the site, and areas of magnetic disturbance across the west and central parts of the site. An area at the centre of the site (investigated by trenches 6 and 7) could not be surveyed, probably due to localised waterlogged ground conditions. Two linear magnetic anomalies of uncertain origin were identified at the east end of the site. The geophysical survey only covered two of the fields investigated by archaeological trial trenches; the third field, evaluated by trenches 1 to 5, was not surveyed.
No previous invasive archaeological works are known to have taken place within the site boundary. A geotechnical site investigation was carried out in 2017 (LK Consult 2017). The thickness of drift deposits across site was recorded as being between 0.70m and (greater than) 4.30m, overlying the Kirkby Moor Formation bedrock.
1.4 Project Aims
In accordance with the WSI, the principle aim of the evaluation was to comply with the archaeological programme of works specified in the archaeological planning condition. In order to address the main aim, the objectives were:
To undertake an archaeological evaluation comprising trial trenching prior to any groundworks commencing; To ensure the recording of any archaeological assets discovered; To ensure that any below ground archaeological deposits exposed were promptly identified; To ensure the recording of all archaeological remains, to place this record in its local context and to make this record available; To undertake a programme of post-investigation assessment;
SYCA/Y481/20 4 CFA To produce a report and disseminate the results; and To make provision for archive deposition.
These steps would allow reasoned and informed recommendations to be made on the application for development of the site, and to determine any requirements for further archaeological works.
2. WORKING METHODS
CFA Archaeology Ltd is a registered organisation (RO) with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA). CFA Archaeology follows all relevant CIfA and Historic England Standards and Guidance (CIfA 2014a-b and HE 2015).
All work was undertaken in accordance with a Covid-19 risk assessment, protocols and safe working practices based on CIfA and government guidance.
Potential archaeological features were investigated by hand excavation of slots across their width. A full written, drawn and photographic record was made of all features revealed during the course of the archaeological excavation conforming to CIfA standards (CIfA 2014a) and CFA’s quality manuals. Section drawings were completed at a scale of 1:10 and were tied in with the Ordnance Survey National Grid. The location of the trenches, section lines and drawing points were surveyed using an industry standard Trimble GPS. The same equipment was used to establish levels above Ordnance Datum (AOD) for the trenches.
The photographic record utilised black and white negative film, colour slide film and high resolution digital photography of a minimum of 10 megapixels (including RAW format files). The site photographic record was maintained throughout the course of the fieldwork and included shots to illustrate the detail and context of features, working shots, views of trenches and shots to illustrate constraints encountered during the trial trenching.
All photography followed the Historic England guidance for digital image capture (HE 2015). All images had accompanying metadata specifying; photo ID, capture device, converting software, colour space, bit depth, resolution, date of capture, photographer, caption, and any alterations made to the image.
2.1 Archiving
The project archive, comprising all CFA record sheets, plans and reports, has been ordered, indexed and conforms to all relevant professional guidance (CIfA 2014c). An inventory of the primary archive is presented below.
SYCA/Y481/20 5 CFA Phase File/Box No. Description Quantity Evaluation File no. 1 Context register sheets 1 Context sheets 23 Trench record sheets 10 Permatrace drawing sheets 1 Colour slide photographic register sheets 1 Black and White photographic register sheets 2 Digital photographic register sheets 3 Colour slides 17 Black and white photographs 17 Table 2.1: Inventory of Primary Archive
No finds were recovered from the evaluation trenches. A summary of the results of archaeological works has been submitted for inclusion in OASIS. The OASIS reference is cfaarcha1 - 402230. The CFA code and project number for the works are SYCA and 2537 respectively.
2.2 Trial Trenching
Nine trial trenches measuring 1.5m wide were excavated within the site boundary. The location of the trenches were marked out using industry standard survey grade GPS. Removal of topsoil, subsoil and other overburden was carried out using a JCB 3CX fitted with a toothless ditching bucket working under constant archaeological supervision (Fig. 4.2). Machine excavation took place in level spits of a maximum 0.20m thickness (where ground conditions allowed) down to the natural substrate. Spoil was stockpiled adjacent the trenches, and any further excavation required to fulfil the objectives of the evaluation was carried out by hand.
As detailed in the WSI, trenches 4 and 5 were located on the steeply sloping, east facing side of a broad, shallow valley. A walkover of the proposed trench location was carried out, and in consultation with the machine operator, it was decided that excavation of the trenches was safe and practical. Both Trench 4 and 5 were excavated in their intended locations, despite the steep gradient (Fig. 4.3).
The position of Trench 6 lay in an area of water saturated ground, which resulted in the shortening of its intended length. Machine excavation was possible at the eastern end of the original trench location (12 linear metres were excavated) but water levels beyond the opened length caused immediate inundation at two attempted excavation locations (figs 3.1 & 4.4).
Trenches 8 and 9 were targeted on geophysical anomalies of uncertain origin.
All trenches were inspected for archaeological features, and were recorded as per the WSI. The findings of the investigation were communicated to Orion Heritage Ltd who liaised with Jeremy Parsons, the Historic Environment officer for Cumbria County Council. Following completion of archaeological recording, the trenches were backfilled with the excavated material.
SYCA/Y481/20 6 CFA 3. RESULTS
A summary of all contexts from the evaluation forms Appendix 1. Descriptions of the nine trial trenches appear in the table below (Table 3.1). The following results should be read in conjunction with figures 1 - 4.
Topsoil on the site consisted of mid-greyish brown sandy silt with moderate sub- rounded and sub-angular stone inclusions, ranging in size from 5mm to 0.12m, with occasional lager irregularly shaped blocks of sandstone. Subsoil was only present as a thin layer in five of the trenches. The natural substrate varied in composition and uniformity across the area covered by the trial trenches, variously comprising fragmented sandstone, sandy gravel and silty clays.
No. Description The trench was orientated north to south (Fig. 4.5). Raised ground lay to the north.
Topsoil was up to 0.30m thick, overlying a minimal subsoil, max 50mm thick. Underlying this was the natural substrate. 1 Bedrock was encountered 0.10m below the surface at the north end of the trench, towards the centre and south end of the trench the natural comprised sandy gravel.
No archaeological remains were identified in this trench. The trench was orientated east to west between two low hummocks (Fig. 4.6).
Topsoil was up to 0.30m thick, overlying subsoil up to 0.20m thick. Underlying this was the natural 2 substrate comprising sandstone bedrock and sandy gravel.
No archaeological remains were identified in this trench. The trench was orientated east to west, the west end located across the brow of the hillside; the east end sloped down steeply to the east (Fig. 4.7).
Topsoil was up to 0.30m thick, overlying subsoil up to 0.10m thick. Underlying this was the natural 3 substrate comprising orangey brown silty clay containing frequent small sub-angular stones and larger irregular blocks of sandstone.
No archaeological remains were identified in this trench. The trench was orientated north to south, along the contours of a steeply sloping east facing hillside (Fig. 4.8).
Topsoil was up to 0.35m thick, overlying the natural substrate comprising sandstone ranging from 4 2mm fragments up to 0.25m irregular blocks, sub-rounded pebbles and cobbles, set in a matrix of light orangey brown silty clay.
No archaeological remains were identified in this trench. The trench was orientated east to west on ground sloping down steeply from west to east (Fig. 4.9).
Topsoil was up to 0.30m thick, overlying the natural substrate comprising fractured sandstone in a 5 soft, gritty light to mid-orangey brown silty clay (with patchy colour variations to light grey along the base of the trench).
No archaeological remains were identified in this trench.
SYCA/Y481/20 7 CFA No. Description The trench was orientated east to west on level ground in the base of a shallow depression surrounded by hillocks and gently rising land (Fig. 4.10). The trench was shortened from its intended length due to saturated ground conditions causing flooding within the trench.
Topsoil was 0.20m thick, overlying dumped material 601. Underlying this was the natural substrate 6 comprising light grey sandy clay with sandstone rubble throughout.
A ceramic field drain was present towards the western end of the trench.
No archaeological remains were identified in this trench. The trench was orientated north to south on ground sloping down gently from north to south (Fig.4.11).
Topsoil was 0.15m thick across the full extent of the trench, overlying dumped material 702. Underlying this was the natural substrate, comprising light grey clay with frequent sandstone inclusions ranging from 5mm fragments up to 0.15m sub-angular blocks and occasional larger 7 sandstone blocks.
A north-west to south-east orientated stone filled drain trench crossed the southern end of the trench.
No archaeological remains were identified in this trench. The trench was orientated east-north-east to west-south-west, the eastern half on level ground with a slight incline to the west in the western half (Fig. 4.12).
8 Topsoil was 0.20m thick, overlying subsoil 0.18m thick. Underlying this was the natural substrate comprising light brown and mid-orange firm clay containing sub-angular sandstone fragments.
No archaeological remains were identified in this trench. The trench was orientated north-north-east to south-south-west, crossing a broad depression between two low hillocks (Fig. 4.13). To the immediate east of the trench, the land sloped down steeply to the east.
Topsoil was up to 0.28m thick, overlying subsoil up to 0.34m thick. Underlying this was the natural substrate comprising firm, light brown and orange silty clay containing fragments of sub-angular 9 sandstone.
Composition of the material excavated from the centre of the trench varied in compaction, colour and stoniness to that excavated at both ends of the trench.
No archaeological remains were identified in this trench. Table 3.1: Trench summaries
3.1 Blank trenches
Excavation at trenches 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 did not identify any archaeological features. At these trenches, the turf and topsoil were seen to overlie nominal subsoil deposits, below which the upper levels of the natural substrate were observed.
3.2 Post-medieval activity
At Trench 6, only one third of the intended length was excavated due to saturated ground conditions (Fig. 3.1). The twelve metres of Trench 6 that could be opened identified topsoil (600) overlying Deposit 601, which almost entirely comprised frequent sandstone fragments set in a light grey silt matrix. While the size range of sandstone fragments in the deposit (601) was broad, spanning 10mm flecks up to irregularly shaped 0.24m blocks, the bulk of the deposit consisted of 0.10m sub-
SYCA/Y481/20 8 CFA angular rubble and stone. The size range of the stones observed in Deposit 601 indicates that the deposit may have been graded or sorted by some means. At the east end of Trench 6, Deposit 601 was 0.20m thick, which increased to 0.35m thick at the west end of the excavated trench, reflecting a gentle downward slope from east to west across the upper surface of the underlying natural substrate. No finds were recovered from the deposit (601).
At Trench 7, removal of turf and topsoil (700) revealed Deposit 702, an extensive deposit of light orangey brown silty clay containing moderate sandstone fragments. Dispersed randomly through Deposit 702 were occasional metal objects (iron tubing and possible broken / discarded components from agricultural machinery) and occasional ceramic fragments including chimney pot and field drain pieces. Deposit 702 was of fairly constant thickness along its length, being 0.35m thick at the north end of the trench and 0.30m thick 30.33m further south. Beyond this point, the deposit (702) became thinner until lensing out 32.50m from the north end of the trench (figs. 3.2 & 4.14). Hand excavation across the base of the trench showed Deposit 702 to seal Deposit 703, a light to mid-grey clayey silt deposit, interpreted as being a former topsoil layer. Deposit 703 sloped down gradually from south to north, overlying and following the gradient of the natural substrate (701).
4. DISCUSSION
At trenches 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9, trial trenching identified a naturally occurring sequence of deposits down to the upper level of the natural substrate, with no evidence for the presence of archaeological remains. 19th and 20th century mapping illustrated in the site DBA (Orion 2017) shows the area to have been in agricultural use over the previous 160 years. The only changes to have taken place within the site have been the removal of field boundary walls and the creation and subsequent clearance of Endmoor Plantation at the western end of the site.
The Cumbria Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) programme classifies the landscape type of the site as Planned Enclosure, located within the Kendal and Kirkby Lonsdale area. The extent of this zone of planned enclosure occupies an area bounding the north, north-west and western outskirts of modern Endmoor. The HLC identifies that there is very little planned enclosure within the Kendal and Kirkby Lonsdale character area, a situation indicative of a relative lack of common waste in the area from the medieval period into the 18th century. Planned enclosures were enclosed mainly from the end of the 18th century, and often form an easily recognisable landscape type as they tended to be laid out by surveyors. While some areas of common arable land were enclosed, most of this landscape type enclosed former areas of common pasture.
In the landscape surrounding Endmoor, the HLC identifies extensive areas of ancient enclosure to the east and west of the site, these being fields that were created before the period of planned enclosures, including many of which are medieval in origin.
The lack of archaeological features observed in the trial trenches could suggest that the location was in agricultural use before the earliest available detailed mapping, or that the area remained as an undeveloped part of the landscape prior to improvement of the land for modern agricultural usage.
SYCA/Y481/20 9 CFA
Evidence of an attempt to improve the agricultural potential of the central part of the site was observed in trenches 6 and 7. Trial trenching showed that an extensive dump of stony material had been laid down in order to raise ground level, possibly to elevate the field surface above the water table.
Historic mapping of the site shows a circular feature at the location of trenches 6 and 7 (Fig. 2); this is likely to mark the position of a pond although it is not clear if this was a naturally formed feature or a man-made structure. The same circular feature remains on mapping up to 1956, but by 1972 is no longer shown (Orion 2017), suggesting that it was deliberately infilled – a hypothesis supported by the observations made in trenches 6 and 7. Geotechnical trial pit TP 108 had been excavated close to the location of trenches 6 and 7; the log records that excavation had to be abandoned at a depth of 1.10m below ground level due to lack of stability and the presence of water. Four out of the five surrounding test pits were excavated to a level at least 0.50m deeper than TP 108 (the fifth hit bedrock). It therefore appears that the geotechnical investigation supports the idea that ground conditions in the central low lying part of site had previously been unsuitable for agriculture, providing a logical explanation for encountering made ground in this part of the site.
When viewed from higher ground at the west end of site, the surface of the field could be seen to undulate gently between several broad, low hummocks. Wide, shallow sinuous valleys were present between the hummocks forming areas prone to waterlogging and flooding, a situation encountered in the first phase of the trial trenching (Fig. 4.15). In places, the bottom of these broad depressions had formed a channel, meandering gradually from west to east, following the gentle drop in height across the full extent of the development site. A depression located midway along Trench 9 formed part of the eastern end of this sinuous channel which, during poor weather conditions in February 2020, was seen to carry a flow of water towards and over the brow of the valley side which ran along the eastern end of site. The location of Trench 9 was selected to target a linear anomaly highlighted by the geophysical survey. The depression observed at the centre of the trench, and the flow of surface water across the field indicates that the anomaly was of natural origin, most likely the traces of a natural water channel.
The steep drop in ground level beyond the eastern ends of trenches 2, 3 and 9 (Fig. 4.16) would account for the absence of archaeological remains in trenches 4 and 5. Here, the east facing valley side sloped down sharply towards the Peasey Beck creating unfavourable conditions for occupation, but being suitable as pasture for grazing animals.
SYCA/Y481/20 10 CFA 5. CONCLUSION
Archaeological trial trenching carried out by CFA on agricultural land located north of Sycamore Close, Endmoor, Cumbria successfully evaluated the archaeological potential of the site. No evidence was recorded to confirm the presence of a purported square enclosure, or platform, thought to be of medieval date. Extensive deposits of stony material had been laid down across a low lying area in the centre of the site, most probably to reclaim formerly waterlogged ground in order to increase the area available for grazing. A combination of naturally occurring water features (ponds and channels) and earthworks formed during the ground raising episode may have created the appearance of a man-made structure at the supposed location of the platform.
Anomalies highlighted by a geophysical survey were evaluated and found to be of natural origin. No finds or environmental samples were taken from the site.
The results of the archaeological evaluation support the conclusions made in the DBA for the site, namely that the site had low potential for the discovery of archaeological assets from the prehistoric and Roman periods and that the site had low potential for any remains of high archaeological significance dating to the Early Medieval / medieval period.
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The project was commissioned by Dr Robert Smith of Orion Heritage Ltd on behalf of Story Homes Ltd. Martin Lightfoot managed the project for CFA Archaeology Ltd. The fieldwork and post-excavation was supervised by Daniel Waterfall assisted by Mark Bell. The mechanical excavator and operator were supplied by Metcalf Brothers Plant Hire.
SYCA/Y481/20 11 CFA 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY
CIfA, 2014a, Standard and Guidance Archaeological Evaluation, Chartered Institute for Archaeologists
CIfA, 2014b, Standard and Guidance for the collection, documentation, conservation and research of archaeological materials, Chartered Institute for Archaeologists
CIfA, 2014c, Standard and Guidance for the creation, compilation, transfer and deposition of archaeological archives, Chartered Institute for Archaeologists
Historic England, 2015, Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment, Development of Procedural Standards and Guidelines for the Historic Environment, Historic England
LK Consult Ltd, 2017, ‘Land to the west of Gatebeck Road, Endmoor – Geotechnical Report’, LK Consult ref. LKC 17 1007-03
Newman. C. & Newman. R., 2009, ‘A guide to using the Cumbria Historic Landscape Characterisation database for Cumbria’s planning authorities’, Cumbria County Council
Orion Heritage Ltd, 2017, ‘Land north of Sycamore Close, Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria – Archaeological Desk Based Assessment’, Orion Reference PN1538
Orion Heritage Ltd, 2018, ‘Land north of Sycamore Close, Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria - Archaeological Written Scheme of Investigation’, Orion Reference PN1538
Winchester. A., 2006, England’s Landscape – The North West, Collins.
Online Resources
BGS 2020, British Geological Survey, http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html (Accessed 27/08/2020)
Landis, 2020 http://www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes (Accessed 27/08/2020)
National Library of Scotland – Map Images, https://maps.nls.uk (Accessed 27/08/2020)
SYCA/Y481/20 12 CFA
APPENDIX 1: CONTEXT SUMMARIES
Appendix 1: Context Summaries
Length Width Thickness Context Trench Type Description (m) (m) (m) Mid grey, soft, silty clay with frequent medium sub- 101 1 Topsoil >28.50 >1.50 0.30 angular stone inclusions. High level of bioturbation. Light grey, soft, silty clay with occasional medium 102 1 Subsoil >28.50 >1.50 0.05 sub-angular stones. Low level of bioturbation. Towards northern end of trench natural bedrock was recorded at 0.10m below surface. Changed to grey 103 1 Natural >28.50 >1.50 NFE sandy gravel at centre of trench, then back to gravel to south. Dark brown, soft, silty clay with frequent stone 201 2 Topsoil >26.50 >1.50 0.30 fragments. Mid grey, friable, silty clay with frequent small to large 202 2 Subsoil >26.50 >1.50 0.20 angular stones, interface between topsoil and natural. Orangey brown firm clay and silty gravel comprising 203 2 Natural >26.50 >1.50 NFE small to very large sub-angular stones. Dark brown, soft, silty clay with frequent stone 301 3 Topsoil >28.70 >1.50 0.30 fragments. Mid grey, friable, silty clay with frequent small to large 302 3 Subsoil >28.70 >1.50 0.10 sub-angular stones, interface between topsoil and natural. Orangey brown firm clay and silty gravel with mixture 303 3 Natural >28.70 >1.50 NFE of small to very large sub-angular stones. Highly organic mid-grey fine sandy silt with moderate 600 6 Topsoil >12.20 >1.50 0.20 5 to 20mm stone inclusions. Light grey, fine grained sandstone rubble set in light Made 601 6 >12.20 >1.50 0.35 grey silt matrix containing frequent 2 to 10mm ground sandstone flakes. Light grey, smooth, fine grained sandy clay with 602 6 Natural >12.20 >1.50 NFE sandstone rubble inclusions. Light greyish-brown friable clayey silt containing 700 7 Topsoil >40 >1.50 0.35 occasional small sub-angular stones. Pale grey, stiff sandy clay containing moderate sub- 701 7 Natural >40 >1.50 NFE angular stones. Made Light orangey brown friable silty clay and frequent 702 7 >32.50 >1.50 0.35 ground sandstone rubble blocks. Relict Light to mid-grey friable clayey silt containing 703 7 >3.10 >1.50 0.18 topsoil occasional sub-angular stones. Large sandstone blocks, unworked rubble stone, no 704 7 Stones 0.40 >1.50 0.22 mortar observed. Stones possibly arranged in linear cluster, orientated east to west. Mid grey, soft, silty clay with irregular distribution of 801 8 Topsoil <29.25 >1.50 0.20 sub-angular stones. High level of bioturbation. Light grey, soft, silty clay. Moderate level of 802 8 Subsoil <29.25 >1.50 0.02 bioturbation. Mid orange with light brown tint, firm clay with 803 8 Natural <29.25 >1.50 NFE frequent sub-angular stones. Mid grey, firm, silty clay with occasional medium sub- 901 9 Topsoil >28.60 >1.50 0.28 angular stones. High level of bioturbation. Light grey, soft, silty clay with occasional small sub- 902 9 Subsoil >28.60 >1.50 0.05 angular stones. Low level of bioturbation. Absent between 10-12m from the north end of the trench. Orange with light brown tint, firm, silty clay with occasional sub-angular stones. Composition changes 903 9 Natural >28.60 >1.50 NFE between 10-12m from the north to grey, friable sandy clay with frequent small/medium sub-angular stones. NFE = Not fully excavated
FIGURES 1-4
Key:
Pond Site location Trench
G1 Site Location
+88.00 +88.00 +88.00 +87.60 87.50+ +87.25 86.75+ TR1 TR4
<<1/100 <<1/60 TR2 Self closing gate to new pedestrian link with existing PRoW. 82.96m OD +87.80 +87.70 87.60+ +87.60 87.50+ +87.25 86.50+ +88.00 1/90>> 87.25+ TR5 87.80+ Self closing gate to new pedestrian link with 1/70>> 1/40>> 87.50+ 87.00+ existing PRoW. 1/90>> 86.80+ TR3
30 T3 77.58m OD Pedestrian/cycle link with self closing 85.98m OD gate to be utilised as maintenance access for the infiltration pond. Lockable bollards will restrict vehicular access.
T2
TR8 TR6 85.3m OD TR9 84.83m OD G1
T15
T16 TR7 Holme Moss Shiralee 86.89m OD
Akora Reproduced with the permission of Ordnance Survey on G3 G2 behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, © Crown copyright. CFA Archaeology Ltd, Old Engine House, Eskmills Park, Musselburgh EH21 7PQ AL100034785
Woodland CFA ARCHAEOLOGY LTD St Patricks' Cottage Clayton Business Centre Middle-Fell C of E School Midland Road Leeds
G5 LS10 2RJ T: 0113 271 6060 [email protected] G4 Site Location www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk Edelweiss
TR1 TR2 TR4 82.96m OD TR3 TR5 77.58m OD 85.98m OD Title: Beckwood TR8 TR6 85.3m OD 84.83m OD TR9
TR7 5 86.89m OD 1 Brantrigg Site location, trench plan and 9 17 geophysical interpretation CLOSE SYCAMORE Oak Lea
15
27 6 Tennis Lingmor Project: Playing Field Courts T4 Archaeological evaluation of land T3
33 north of Sycamore Close,
24 Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria
T2 31 20
11
Lichen Gill Client: 18 12
16 Weir Orion Heritage Ltd
Hazelmere Play Area 7
Marwood Chez Nous The Depot Scale at A3: Hall Birches Sylvan House 1:2000
Inglewood WOODSIDE CLOSE
16 Drawn by: Checked: Date: 1
5 4 RK SW 03/09/2020 LONGWOOD 14
Oakhill Stonehaven 12 0 100m Report.No: Fig. No:
2 Y481/20 1 The copyright in this document (including its electronic form) shall remain vested in CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) but the Client shall have a licence to copy and use the document for the purpose for which it was provided. CFA shall not be liable for the use by any person of this document for any purpose other than that for which the same was provided by CFA. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part or relied upon by third parties for any use whatsoever without the express written authority of CFA. Key:
Site location Trench
TR1 TR2 TR4 TR3 TR5
TR8 TR6 TR9
TR7
Reproduced with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, © Crown copyright. CFA Archaeology Ltd, Old Engine House, Eskmills Park, Musselburgh EH21 7PQ AL100034785 CFA ARCHAEOLOGY LTD Clayton Business Centre Midland Road Leeds LS10 2RJ T: 0113 271 6060 [email protected] www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk
Title: Site location, trench plan and geophysical interpretation
Project: Archaeological evaluation of land north of Sycamore Close, Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria
Client: Orion Heritage Ltd
Scale at A3: 1:3000
Drawn by: Checked: Date: RK SW 03/09/2020
0 100m Report.No: Fig. No: Y481/20 2 The copyright in this document (including its electronic form) shall remain vested in CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) but the Client shall have a licence to copy and use the document for the purpose for which it was provided. CFA shall not be liable for the use by any person of this document for any purpose other than that for which the same was provided by CFA. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part or relied upon by third parties for any use whatsoever without the express written authority of CFA. Key:
Trench Location of attempted excavation Sondage TR6 Field Drain Stone
A B TR7
Fig. 3.1 Plan of trenches 6 and 7
0 5m
CFA ARCHAEOLOGY LTD Clayton Business Centre Midland Road Leeds LS10 2RJ T: 0113 271 6060 [email protected] A www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk B Title: Plans and section of Trenches 6 700 700 and 7
85.90m O.D. 702 merged horizon Project: Archaeological evaluation of 703 704 land north of Sycamore Close, 701 Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria
Client: Orion Heritage Ltd
Scale at A3: Fig. 3.2 West facing section of deposits in Trench 7 1:120 &1:20
0 1m Drawn by: Checked: Date: RK SW 04/09/2020
Report.No: Fig. No: Y481/20 3 The copyright in this document (including its electronic form) shall remain vested in CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) but the Client shall have a licence to copy and use the document for the purpose for which it was provided. CFA shall not be liable for the use by any person of this document for any purpose other than that for which the same was provided by CFA. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part or relied upon by third parties for any use whatsoever without the express written authority of CFA. Fig. 4.1 - View looking west across western part of the site towards higher ground.
Fig.4.2 - Supervised excavation of evaluation trench 7, looking south.
Project: Archaeological evaluation of land north of Sycamore Close, Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria
CFA ARCHAEOLOGY LTD Client: Drawn by: Checked: Date: Offices C1 & C2 Clayton Business Centre Orion Heritage Ltd RK SW 07/09/2020 Midland Road Leeds, LS10 2RJ T: 0113 271 6060 Report No: Fig. No: F: 0113 271 3197 [email protected] Y481/20 4.1-4.2 www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk The copyright in this document (including its electronic form) shall remain vested in CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) but the Client shall have a licence to copy and use the document for the purpose for which it was provided. CFA shall not be liable for the use by any person of this document for any purpose other than that for which the same was provided by CFA. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part or relied upon by third parties for any use whatsoever without the express written authority of CFA. Fig. 4.3 - Machine excavation of Trench 4, looking south.
Fig.4.4 - Waterlogged conditions at the centre of Trench 6, looking north-east.
Project: Archaeological evaluation of land north of Sycamore Close, Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria
CFA ARCHAEOLOGY LTD Client: Drawn by: Checked: Date: Offices C1 & C2 Clayton Business Centre Orion Heritage Ltd RK SW 07/09/2020 Midland Road Leeds, LS10 2RJ T: 0113 271 6060 Report No: Fig. No: F: 0113 271 3197 [email protected] Y481/20 4.3-4.4 www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk The copyright in this document (including its electronic form) shall remain vested in CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) but the Client shall have a licence to copy and use the document for the purpose for which it was provided. CFA shall not be liable for the use by any person of this document for any purpose other than that for which the same was provided by CFA. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part or relied upon by third parties for any use whatsoever without the express written authority of CFA. Fig. 4.5 - Trench 1, looking south (two 1m scales).
Fig.4.6 - Trench 2, looking east (two 1m scales).
Project: Archaeological evaluation of land north of Sycamore Close, Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria
CFA ARCHAEOLOGY LTD Client: Drawn by: Checked: Date: Offices C1 & C2 Clayton Business Centre Orion Heritage Ltd RK SW 07/09/2020 Midland Road Leeds, LS10 2RJ T: 0113 271 6060 Report No: Fig. No: F: 0113 271 3197 [email protected] Y481/20 4.5-4.6 www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk The copyright in this document (including its electronic form) shall remain vested in CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) but the Client shall have a licence to copy and use the document for the purpose for which it was provided. CFA shall not be liable for the use by any person of this document for any purpose other than that for which the same was provided by CFA. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part or relied upon by third parties for any use whatsoever without the express written authority of CFA. Fig. 4.7 - Trench 3, looking east (two 1m scales).
Fig.4.8 - Trench 4, looking south (two 1m scales).
Project: Archaeological evaluation of land north of Sycamore Close, Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria
CFA ARCHAEOLOGY LTD Client: Drawn by: Checked: Date: Offices C1 & C2 Clayton Business Centre Orion Heritage Ltd RK SW 07/09/2020 Midland Road Leeds, LS10 2RJ T: 0113 271 6060 Report No: Fig. No: F: 0113 271 3197 [email protected] Y481/20 4.7-4.8 www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk The copyright in this document (including its electronic form) shall remain vested in CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) but the Client shall have a licence to copy and use the document for the purpose for which it was provided. CFA shall not be liable for the use by any person of this document for any purpose other than that for which the same was provided by CFA. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part or relied upon by third parties for any use whatsoever without the express written authority of CFA. Fig. 4.9 - Trench 5, looking west (two 1m scales).
Fig.4.10 - Trench 6, looking west (two 1m scales).
Project: Archaeological evaluation of land north of Sycamore Close, Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria
CFA ARCHAEOLOGY LTD Client: Drawn by: Checked: Date: Offices C1 & C2 Clayton Business Centre Orion Heritage Ltd RK SW 07/09/2020 Midland Road Leeds, LS10 2RJ T: 0113 271 6060 Report No: Fig. No: F: 0113 271 3197 [email protected] Y481/20 4.9-4.10 www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk The copyright in this document (including its electronic form) shall remain vested in CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) but the Client shall have a licence to copy and use the document for the purpose for which it was provided. CFA shall not be liable for the use by any person of this document for any purpose other than that for which the same was provided by CFA. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part or relied upon by third parties for any use whatsoever without the express written authority of CFA. Fig. 4.11 - Trench 7, looking north (two 1m scales).
Fig.4.12 - Trench 8, looking south-west (two 1m scales).
Project: Archaeological evaluation of land north of Sycamore Close, Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria
CFA ARCHAEOLOGY LTD Client: Drawn by: Checked: Date: Offices C1 & C2 Clayton Business Centre Orion Heritage Ltd RK SW 07/09/2020 Midland Road Leeds, LS10 2RJ T: 0113 271 6060 Report No: Fig. No: F: 0113 271 3197 [email protected] Y481/20 4.11-4.12 www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk The copyright in this document (including its electronic form) shall remain vested in CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) but the Client shall have a licence to copy and use the document for the purpose for which it was provided. CFA shall not be liable for the use by any person of this document for any purpose other than that for which the same was provided by CFA. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part or relied upon by third parties for any use whatsoever without the express written authority of CFA. Fig. 4.13 - Trench 9, looking north-east (two 1m scales).
Fig.4.14 - Trench 7, deposits in west facing section, looking north east (2m scale).
Project: Archaeological evaluation of land north of Sycamore Close, Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria
CFA ARCHAEOLOGY LTD Client: Drawn by: Checked: Date: Offices C1 & C2 Clayton Business Centre Orion Heritage Ltd RK SW 07/09/2020 Midland Road Leeds, LS10 2RJ T: 0113 271 6060 Report No: Fig. No: F: 0113 271 3197 [email protected] Y481/20 4.13-4.14 www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk The copyright in this document (including its electronic form) shall remain vested in CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) but the Client shall have a licence to copy and use the document for the purpose for which it was provided. CFA shall not be liable for the use by any person of this document for any purpose other than that for which the same was provided by CFA. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part or relied upon by third parties for any use whatsoever without the express written authority of CFA. Fig. 4.15 - View across flooded part of site, looking east.
Fig.4.16 - Excavation at Trench 5, looking north.
Project: Archaeological evaluation of land north of Sycamore Close, Endmoor, Kendal, Cumbria
CFA ARCHAEOLOGY LTD Client: Drawn by: Checked: Date: Offices C1 & C2 Clayton Business Centre Orion Heritage Ltd RK SW 07/09/2020 Midland Road Leeds, LS10 2RJ T: 0113 271 6060 Report No: Fig. No: F: 0113 271 3197 [email protected] Y481/20 4.15-4.16 www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk The copyright in this document (including its electronic form) shall remain vested in CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) but the Client shall have a licence to copy and use the document for the purpose for which it was provided. CFA shall not be liable for the use by any person of this document for any purpose other than that for which the same was provided by CFA. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part or relied upon by third parties for any use whatsoever without the express written authority of CFA. CFA ARCHAEOLOGY www.cfa-archaeology.co.uk
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